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{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 24, "sc": 1037, "ep": 24, "ec": 1632} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 24 | 1,037 | 24 | 1,632 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The travel and its reception in Moscow | the remaining boxes of gold carried by the Kursk arrived between November 9 and 10. Shortly after, a recount on the total deposits was carried out; initial estimates suggested that the recount would take a year to complete, and despite it having been done with the utmost care, the recount was finalized in less than two months, having begun on December 5, 1936, and completed on January 24, 1937. 15,571 sacks of gold were opened, and 16 different types of gold coins were found inside: pounds sterling (sovereigns or half sovereigns) (70% of the total), Spanish pesetas, French francs, Louis, |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 24, "sc": 1632, "ep": 24, "ec": 2339} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 24 | 1,632 | 24 | 2,339 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The travel and its reception in Moscow | German marks, Belgian francs, Italian lire, Portuguese escudos, Russian rubles, Austrian schillings, Dutch guilders, Swiss francs, Mexican pesos, Argentine pesos, Chilean pesos, and an extraordinary amount of U.S. dollars. The total deposit was constituted of 509,287.183 kilograms of gold coins and 792.346 kilograms of gold in the form of ingots: thus, a total of 510,079,529.30 grams of crude gold, which at an average of .900 millesimal fineness, was equivalent to 460,568,245.59 grams of fine gold (approximately 14,807,363.8 troy ounces). This amount of gold was valued at 1,592,851,910 gold-pesetas (518 million U.S. dollars). Additionally, the numismatic value of the coins was much higher than the |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 24, "sc": 2339, "ep": 24, "ec": 2978} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 24 | 2,339 | 24 | 2,978 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The travel and its reception in Moscow | amount of gold they contained, but the Soviets disregarded this when calculating its value. The Soviets did, however, scrupulously examine all coins to identify those that were fake, defective, or did not contain enough gold. The Soviets never explained what was done with the rare or antique coins, but it is doubtful that they were melted. Burnett Bolloten suggests that it is possible that all coins with numismatic value were separated with the intention of gradually selling them on the international market.
On February 5, 1937 the Spanish ambassador and the Soviet representatives G. F. Grinko, Commissar of Finance, and N. |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 24, "sc": 2978, "ep": 24, "ec": 3582} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 24 | 2,978 | 24 | 3,582 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The travel and its reception in Moscow | N. Krestinsky, Commissar of Foreign Affairs, signed the final reception act on the deposit of Spanish gold, a document written in French and Russian. Paragraph 2, section 4 of the document stipulated that the Spanish government retained the right of re-exporting or utilizing the gold, and the last clause of the document indicated that the Soviet Union would not be held responsible for the utilization of the gold by Spanish authorities. Said clause established that "if the Government of the Republic ordered the exportation of the gold received as a deposit by the USSR, or utilized said gold in any |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 24, "sc": 3582, "ep": 24, "ec": 4187} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 24 | 3,582 | 24 | 4,187 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The travel and its reception in Moscow | other way, the responsibility assumed by the People's Commissariat of Finance would automatically be reduced, in whole or in part in proportion to the actions taken by the Government of the Spanish Republic". It was thus clear that the gold reserves deposited in Moscow could be freely employed by the Republic, exporting it or alienating it, and Soviet authorities assumed no responsibility. It is worth noting that the USSR granted the ownership of the gold to the Government of the Republic, instead of to the Bank of Spain, its legal owner.
When, on January 15, 1937, the newspaper of the CNT |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 24, "sc": 4187, "ep": 24, "ec": 4840} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 24 | 4,187 | 24 | 4,840 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The travel and its reception in Moscow | Solidaridad Obrera denounced the "absurd idea of sending the gold reserves abroad", the government agency Cosmos published a semi-official note (January 20), affirming that the reserves were still in Spain. Not long after, the disputes between the socialist and communist dominated Republican government and the anarchist organizations and the POUM would result in the violent clashes of May 1937, ending in an anarchist defeat.
Those involved in the events were soon removed from the scene. Stashevski and the Soviet ambassador to Spain, Rosenberg, were executed in 1937 and 1938. Orlov, fearing for his life, fled in 1938 to the United States |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 24, "sc": 4840, "ep": 28, "ec": 16} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 24 | 4,840 | 28 | 16 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The travel and its reception in Moscow & Use of the deposit | upon receiving a telegram from Stalin. The Soviet Commissars of Finance, Grinko, Krestinsky, Margoulis and Kagan, were executed on May 15, 1938 or disappeared in varying ways, accused of being part of the anti-Soviet "Trotskyist-rightist bloc". Grinko was accused of making "efforts to undermine the financial power of the USSR." The four Spanish functionaries sent to supervise the operation were retained by Stalin until October 1938, when they were permitted to leave the Soviet Union for Stockholm, Buenos Aires, Washington and México City, respectively. The Spanish ambassador, Marcelino Pascua, was transferred to Paris. Use of the deposit Negrín signed 19 |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 28, "sc": 16, "ep": 28, "ec": 599} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 28 | 16 | 28 | 599 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Use of the deposit | consecutive sell orders between February 19, 1937 and April 28, 1938, directed to the successive People's Commissioner of Finance: G. F. Grinko (until May 1937), V. Tchoula (until September 1937) and A. Zverev (until the end of the war). In them, the value of an ounce of gold troy was converted into pounds sterling, U.S dollars or French francs according to the exchange rate at the London Stock Exchange. According to Martín Aceña, 415 tonnes of crude gold (374 tonnes of fine gold) were sold in 1937, then between January and April 1938 another 58 (52) were sold, and out of the |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 28, "sc": 599, "ep": 28, "ec": 1199} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 28 | 599 | 28 | 1,199 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Use of the deposit | remaining gold, 35 (31) tonnes were separated from the original deposit to constitute a second deposit that guaranteed a credit of 70 million U.S. dollars. Thus, by August 1938 a remaining 2 tonnes were still available. The Republic obtained from the selling of the gold a total of 469.8 million U.S. dollars, 131.6 of which remained within the USSR to pay for various purchases and expenses. The Soviets kept 2.1% of the funds in the form of commissions and brokerage, and kept an additional 1.2% in the form of transport, deposit, melting, and refining expenses: in total, slightly less than 3.3%, |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 28, "sc": 1199, "ep": 28, "ec": 1871} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 28 | 1,199 | 28 | 1,871 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Use of the deposit | approximately 14.5 million U.S. dollars. The remaining 72%, 338.5 million U.S. dollars' worth, was transferred to the Banque Commerciale pour L'Europe du Nord, or Eurobank, in Paris, the Soviet financial organization in France, property of the Gosbank, the national bank of the Soviet Union. From Paris, agents of the Treasury and diplomatic representatives paid for the purchase of matériel acquired in Brussels, Prague, Warsaw, New York and Mexico, among others.
With the Spanish gold deposited in Moscow, the Soviets immediately demanded from the Republican government payment for the first deliveries of war supplies, which had apparently arrived as a gift to |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 28, "sc": 1871, "ep": 28, "ec": 2518} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 28 | 1,871 | 28 | 2,518 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Use of the deposit | combat international fascism. Stashevski demanded from Negrín US$51 million in accumulated debt and expenses for the transport of the gold from Cartagena to Moscow. On the Nationalist side, German and Italian aid also had to be compensated; however, the Germans and Italians allowed Franco to satisfy his debt once the war came to an end. Authors such as Francisco Olaya Morales, and Ángel Viñas criticized the actions and behaviour of the Soviets.
Historians that have had access to the "Negrín dossier" believe that the Soviets did not abuse their position nor did they defraud the Spanish in their financial transactions. Nevertheless, |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 28, "sc": 2518, "ep": 28, "ec": 3139} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 28 | 2,518 | 28 | 3,139 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Use of the deposit | in the words of María Ángeles Pons: "nothing did the Republicans obtain for free from their Russian friends", as all types of expenses and services had been charged to the Government of the Republic. However, authors such as Gerald Howson believe in the existence of a Soviet fraud in the management of the deposit in Moscow, claiming that Stalin intentionally inflated the price of the matériel sold to the Republic by manipulating the exchange of Russian rubles to U.S. dollars and of U.S. dollars to Spanish pesetas, raising the international exchange rates up to 30% and 40% respectively.
The increased power |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 28, "sc": 3139, "ep": 28, "ec": 3766} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 28 | 3,139 | 28 | 3,766 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Use of the deposit | of the communists at the time, taking advantage of the political pressure that the Soviet Union could exert having control of the gold, is occasionally mentioned among scholars. According to José Giral, even though the payments for arms and weapons had been fulfilled, the Soviet Union would not send any supplies if the government of the Republic "did not agree to first appoint important communists to police and military positions."
Ángel Viñas reached the conclusion that the gold deposits were exhausted less than a year before the end of the Civil War, being spent entirely on payment for matériel (including the |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 28, "sc": 3766, "ep": 28, "ec": 4373} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 28 | 3,766 | 28 | 4,373 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Use of the deposit | costs of the operation). However, authors such as Martín Aceña and Olaya Morales criticize Viñas's hypothetical models, which in their opinion lack the evidence to fully validate them, therefore it is impossible for the time being to affirm whether Viñas's conclusion is accurate or not. If, in fact, the gold deposits were entirely sold to the Soviet Union, the fate of all the funds generated by the selling of the gold and transferred to the Banque Commerciale de l'Europe du Nord in Paris, remains uncertain, as no documents have been found, neither Soviet nor Spanish, in reference to such operations. |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 28, "sc": 4373, "ep": 32, "ec": 380} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 28 | 4,373 | 32 | 380 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Use of the deposit & Monetary consequences | According to Martín Aceña, "the investigation on the gold has not been fully closed." In any case, with the gold depleted, the scarce credit of the Republican Ministry of Finance vanished. Monetary consequences The withdrawal of the Bank of Spain's gold reserves to Moscow has been pointed out to be one of the main causes of the Spanish monetary crisis of 1937. While the gold became in practice an excellent source of funding, its usage dealt a hard blow against the coined and printed currency of the country. Nationalist efforts to expose the exportation of the gold put the government's |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 32, "sc": 380, "ep": 32, "ec": 1024} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 32 | 380 | 32 | 1,024 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Monetary consequences | financial credibility in question, and caused general mistrust among the public. A decree issued by the Ministry of Finance on October 3, 1936, obliging Spaniards to yield all the gold they possessed, caused widespread alarm. Even though the government denied in January 1937 that it had deposited the gold reserves abroad (vide supra), it was forced to acknowledge that it had made various payments with such gold.
Lacking a gold reserve to back up the Republican banknotes, and already suffering from significant devaluation, the Government of the Republic began to issue increasing quantities of banknotes with no backing in gold or |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 32, "sc": 1024, "ep": 32, "ec": 1675} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 32 | 1,024 | 32 | 1,675 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Monetary consequences | silver, thereby increasing the overall paper money in circulation. By April 30, 1938, the number of new banknotes in circulation in Republican-controlled areas was calculated to be 12,754 million pesetas, an increment of 265.8% with respect to the 3,486 million of July 17, 1936; by then 2,650 million were in circulation in the Nationalist-controlled territory, in contrast to the approximately 2,000 million of July 1936. These actions caused massive inflation, and led to the amassment of precious metals by the population. While prices increased by 40% in the Nationalist areas, they skyrocketed by up to 1500% in the Republican-controlled areas. |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 32, "sc": 1675, "ep": 32, "ec": 2329} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 32 | 1,675 | 32 | 2,329 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Monetary consequences | Metallic coins began to disappear and were replaced by paper or cardboard circles. Transactions with Republican banknotes became undesirable, as such notes were already highly devalued, and it was further known that, if Franco were to win the War, those banknotes would lose their full value, since they were all newly-issued series placed in circulation from the start of the War (June 1936) onwards. The State was unable to effectively respond to the lack of metallic currency, causing town halls and other local institutions to print their own provisional bonds, some of which were rejected in neighbouring municipalities.
Propaganda from the |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 32, "sc": 2329, "ep": 32, "ec": 3009} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 32 | 2,329 | 32 | 3,009 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Monetary consequences | Nationalist side contended that such inflation had been premeditated and artificially created.
The Republican Government blamed the ills of the economy on the free market, and proposed as its salvation the nationalization of all prices and other changes on the economy in general. A report presented to the plenary session of the Communist Party of March 1937 by José Díaz Ramos openly reflected the position of the party:
...all our energies must be focused, with full rigour, against the true enemies, against the great industrialists, against the great businessmen, against the pirates of the banking industry, who naturally, within our territory have |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 32, "sc": 3009, "ep": 32, "ec": 3743} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 32 | 3,009 | 32 | 3,743 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Monetary consequences | already been for the most part liquidated, however there still remain some who must be quickly liquidated, because these are the true enemies and not the small industrialists and businessmen.
— José Díaz Ramos,
On the international scene, the perception that the Republic was experiencing revolutionary anti-capitalist movement began to arise, favoured by the testimony of Spanish businessmen, such as ex-Minister of the Monarchy and active Nationalist supporter Francesc Cambó, an individual of great influence in the financial world. Logically, upon having their interests and properties threatened, the financial world, both Spanish and international, positioned itself unequivocally in favour of the Nationalists |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 32, "sc": 3743, "ep": 36, "ec": 353} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 32 | 3,743 | 36 | 353 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Monetary consequences & Republican division in exile | (as exemplified by the support of Juan March, Ford and Texas Oil to the Nationalist side, or their facilities to obtain credits), thus accelerating the decline in the international value of the Republican peseta. Republican division in exile In the last months of the Civil War, a bitter division was formed among Republicans between those who advocated for uniting the Civil War with the imminent Second World War and those wanting to put an end to the conflict by negotiating with the Nationalists. Negrín, at the time Prime Minister and a supporter of continuing the war, had the sole support |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 36, "sc": 353, "ep": 36, "ec": 1026} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 36 | 353 | 36 | 1,026 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Republican division in exile | of the Spanish Communist Party (PCE); all other parties, including practicality the totality of his own, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), opposed him. Indalecio Prieto had publicly separated himself from Negrín in August 1937, after his departure from the Government, where he had been Minister of Defence; in a meeting with PSOE's central committee, he violently accused Negrín of ceding to communist pressure to remove him from the government. Since the Autumn of 1938, the antagonism between communists and socialists resulted in violent clashes.
This divide resulted in the coup d'état of Colonel Segismundo Casado in March 1939, actively supported |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 36, "sc": 1026, "ep": 36, "ec": 1674} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 36 | 1,026 | 36 | 1,674 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Republican division in exile | from within the PSOE. The provisional government established thereafter expelled the communists and Negrín supporters from the Republican government, instigated the flight of Negrín from Spain and precipitated the end of the Civil War after attempting to negotiate peace with Franco, who only accepted an unconditional surrender. Accused of being a mere marionette of the communists and of having led the Republic to disaster, the issue of the "Moscow gold" was one of the arguments used against Negrín in the controversies that followed.
After the end of the war, the PSOE initiated a slow reconstruction in exile. The party formed around |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 36, "sc": 1674, "ep": 36, "ec": 2326} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 36 | 1,674 | 36 | 2,326 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Republican division in exile | the ideological leadership of Indalecio Prieto from his refuge in Mexico, where party supporters of Negrín had been excluded. The exiled PSOE grouped the leaders of the three political leanings that had divided socialism during the conflict, Julián Besteiro, Indalecio Prieto and Largo Caballero, clearly aligned with an anti-communist and anti-Negrín orientation.
Among the exiled, in particular among the dissidents of the PCE, it was affirmed that since the end of the war the gold, or at least part of it, had not been converted into currency to purchase weapons for the Republic, criticizing the opacity of the Negrín administration, that |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 36, "sc": 2326, "ep": 36, "ec": 2993} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 36 | 2,326 | 36 | 2,993 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Republican division in exile | retained all related documentation and refused to give account to the Government in exile. The criticisms of Francisco Largo Caballero, one of the main figures involved, were especially prominent, which, according to Ángel Viñas, constitute "one of the myths that have blackened the figure of Negrín."
On January 1955, during the high point of McCarthyism, the American magazine Time reported on the accusations of Indalecio Prieto and other exiled Republicans in Mexico towards Juan Negrín and his "complicity" with the Soviets in the "long-buried story of the gold hoard". These circumstances were used by the Francoist government, through its embassies in |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 36, "sc": 2993, "ep": 40, "ec": 185} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 36 | 2,993 | 40 | 185 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Republican division in exile & The Negrín dossier | the United States, France and the United Kingdom, to relaunch its diplomatic conflict with the Soviet Union and expressly accuse the USSR of selling the Spanish gold in the European market, even though Time questioned the feasibility of sustaining said accusations. The Francoist government had been informed in 1938 that the reserves had been exhausted and converted into currency, but persisted in demanding the reimbursement of the gold deposit: The Negrín dossier The accounting registries of the operation, known as the "Negrín dossier", have allowed researchers to reconstruct the events after the reception of the Spanish gold reserves in Moscow, |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 40, "sc": 185, "ep": 40, "ec": 792} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 40 | 185 | 40 | 792 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The Negrín dossier | when the Soviets melted the coins and transformed them into low gold alloy bars, and in return provisioned the bank accounts of the Republic's Ministry of Finance abroad.
Juan Negrín died in Paris towards the end of 1956, and his son Rómulo Negrín, following the instructions of his father, handed over the so-called "Negrín dossier" to the legal counsel of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Antonio Melchor de las Heras, "to facilitate the exercise of the actions that may correspond to the Spanish State [...] to obtain the devolution of the cited gold to Spain", according to the testimony of the |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 40, "sc": 792, "ep": 40, "ec": 1416} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 40 | 792 | 40 | 1,416 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The Negrín dossier | consul at Paris, Enrique Pérez Hernández. The negotiations with the Francoist government had been initiated by the ex-Minister of Justice and friend of Negrín, Mariano Ansó, by request of Negrín himself, who considered that the documents were the property of the Spanish government. A document dated from December 14, 1956, written and signed by Ansó and forwarded by Negrín's son expressed "the deep preoccupation [of Negrín] for the interests of Spain against those of the USSR" and his fear of "the defencelessness to which Spain was being reduced by being deprived of all justificatory documentation of its rights, in a |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 40, "sc": 1416, "ep": 40, "ec": 2050} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 40 | 1,416 | 40 | 2,050 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The Negrín dossier | forced transaction, proceeding, perhaps, from the most vast and important operation carried out by two countries." After enumerating other various issues that "weighed down the spirit of Mr. Negrín", among them the Soviet retention of "important and numerous units of the Spanish merchant fleet", according to Ansó, Negrín held that "in a subsequent account liquidation between Spain and the USSR, his duty as a Spaniard obliged him to an unconditional support of the interest of the nation."
The dossier, an incomplete series of documents related to the deposit and administration of the gold of the Bank of Spain, was sent |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 40, "sc": 2050, "ep": 40, "ec": 2691} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 40 | 2,050 | 40 | 2,691 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The Negrín dossier | to Alberto Martín Artajo, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and was forwarded to the Lieutenant Governor of the Bank of Spain, Jesús Rodríguez Salmones, who, without inspecting the papers, ordered them to be stored in the security vaults of the institution. Even though the transfer was made with strict discretion, as Negrín had intended for it to remain an absolute secret, the events soon came into public domain, which instigated passionate controversies. In January 1957, Franco sent a diplomatic commission to Moscow, officially to discuss the repatriation of Spaniards — however, it was suspected that the commission's actual goal was the |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 40, "sc": 2691, "ep": 40, "ec": 3352} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 40 | 2,691 | 40 | 3,352 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The Negrín dossier | opening of negotiations for the return of the gold, in light of the documentary evidence uncovered by the Negrín dossier.
The same documentation that Negrín had refused to give to the exiled Republican government for over 15 years was willingly handed over to the Francoist authorities. The President of the exiled Republican government, Félix Gordón Ordás, wrote on January 8, 1957:
In April 1957, Time reported that the Soviet government, through Radio Moscow as well as Pravda, assured the Francoist government that the gold reserves deposited in Moscow had been used in their totality by the Republican government to "make payments abroad", |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 40, "sc": 3352, "ep": 40, "ec": 3984} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 40 | 3,352 | 40 | 3,984 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The Negrín dossier | and were thus "soon all gone". The Mundo Obrero newspaper published on May 15 of the same year the following article:
The note did not include any evidence and contradicted statements issued by prominent members of the Republican government. For example, Negrín had affirmed to José Giral in 1938 that two-thirds of the gold deposited in Moscow was still available. Also, since the statements issued were not part of an official notice, the Soviet government could distance itself from what had been affirmed if it were to be deemed appropriate. Indalecio Prieto regarded the declarations of Pravda as false, enumerated the |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 40, "sc": 3984, "ep": 44, "ec": 505} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 40 | 3,984 | 44 | 505 | Moscow gold (Spain) | The Negrín dossier & Historiography and myth | expenses of the Spanish funds in the benefit of the French Communist Party and affirmed: Historiography and myth Pablo Martín Aceña, Francisco Olaya Morales and Ángel Viñas have been among the most distinguished researchers on the topic, the last one being the first to gain access to the documentation of the Bank of Spain. At an international level, Gerald Howson and Daniel Kowalsky have had direct access to the documents of the archives of the Soviet Union opened to researchers during the 1990s, focusing their investigations on the relations between the Soviet Union and the Spanish Republic, and the deliveries |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 44, "sc": 505, "ep": 44, "ec": 1140} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 44 | 505 | 44 | 1,140 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Historiography and myth | of military material.
Even though the decision to use the gold reserves has not given rise to much debate or interest among historians, its final destination continues to be a motive for controversy. Authors like Viñas, Ricardo Miralles or Enrique Moradiellos defend Negrín, both as head of the Ministry of Finance and as Prime Minister (Viñas considers him "the great Republican statesman during the Civil War") and view that the sending of the gold to the USSR had a political, economic and operative rationale accepted by the Republican government. It was, according to the aforementioned, the only viable option faced with |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 44, "sc": 1140, "ep": 44, "ec": 1780} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 44 | 1,140 | 44 | 1,780 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Historiography and myth | the Nationalist advance and the non-intervention of the Western democracies, making the survival of the Republic possible in an adverse international context. For these authors, without the selling of the reserves, there would not have been the slightest possibility of military resistance. On the other hand, Martín Aceña viewed the sending of the gold as a mistake that cost the Republic its financial capability: the USSR was a distant country, of opaque bureaucracy and financial functioning foreign to international norms and guarantees, in such respect that it would have been logical to send the gold to democratic countries such as |
{"datasets_id": 161865, "wiki_id": "Q2420547", "sp": 44, "sc": 1780, "ep": 44, "ec": 2329} | 161,865 | Q2420547 | 44 | 1,780 | 44 | 2,329 | Moscow gold (Spain) | Historiography and myth | France or the United States. With respect to Olaya Morales, exiled anarchist during the Francoist régime, in all of his works he described the administration of Negrín as criminal and denies the arguments and theories of Ángel Viñas, considering the "gold issue" a gigantic fraud and one of the most important factors in the Republican defeat.
Authors like Fernando García de Cortázar, Pío Moa or Alberto Reig Tapia have defined the Spanish episode of the Moscow Gold as mythical, used to justify the disastrous situation of post-war Spain. |
{"datasets_id": 161866, "wiki_id": "Q16859427", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 529} | 161,866 | Q16859427 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 529 | Muhanna bin Sultan | Background | Muhanna bin Sultan Background Muhanna bin Sultan was a younger brother of the great Imam Saif bin Sultan (r. 1692–1711). He was the great-uncle of Saif bin Sultan II, the eldest son of Sultan bin Saif II (r. 1611–1718). Saif bin Sultan II was aged twelve when his father died in 1718. In theory the office of Imam was elected, but in practice for many years it had been inherited by members of the Ya'Aruba family. Saif bin Sultan II was therefore seen as the natural successor to his father. However, there was support for appointing Muhenna as regent during |
{"datasets_id": 161866, "wiki_id": "Q16859427", "sp": 6, "sc": 529, "ep": 10, "ec": 183} | 161,866 | Q16859427 | 6 | 529 | 10 | 183 | Muhanna bin Sultan | Background & Reign | Saif's minority.
An assembly of Sheikhs and other notable people was convened at Rustaq, where the Kadhi Adey bin Suliman was persuaded to proclaim Saif bin Sultan II the Imam, albeit reluctantly. Although Saif was popular among the people, the ulama considered he was too young to hold office and favored Muhanna as Imam. Muhanna was well-qualified since he was learned, wise and careful in his decisions. Reign Muhanna bin Sultan was apparently elected Imam by the ulama in May 1719 in the citadel at Nizwa. The ulama had not first obtained tribal consensus, as was customary. Around the end of |
{"datasets_id": 161866, "wiki_id": "Q16859427", "sp": 10, "sc": 183, "ep": 14, "ec": 49} | 161,866 | Q16859427 | 10 | 183 | 14 | 49 | Muhanna bin Sultan | Reign & Deposition and death | 1719 Muhanna's supporters smuggled him into the castle at Rustaq and recognized him as Imam. Muhanna proved to be a sensible ruler, careful to consult the religious leaders over any decisions. He abolished the tariffs in the port of Muscat, which caused trade to double and the economy to flourish. In 1720 a squadron of ships from Muscat defeated a squadron of Portuguese transports that was on its way to pick up Persian troops for an attempt to regain the Persian Gulf islands held by the Arabs of Muscat. Deposition and death However, the public still favored Saif bin Sultan |
{"datasets_id": 161866, "wiki_id": "Q16859427", "sp": 14, "sc": 49, "ep": 14, "ec": 636} | 161,866 | Q16859427 | 14 | 49 | 14 | 636 | Muhanna bin Sultan | Deposition and death | II, and were stirred up by Ya'Arab bin Bel'Arab, his cousin. Ya'Arab raised forces and marched on Muscat, which he took. He then turned towards Rustaq. As he advanced, Muhanna's supported deserted him. Muhanna tried to find safety in the fort at Rustaq. He was offered protection if he left. When he accepted, he was captured, thrown in prison and then murdered. He died around the end of 1720. This began a period of violent tribal hostilities. Ya'Arab bin Bel'Arab re-installed Saif bin Sultan II and declared himself regent during the minority of his cousin. In May 1722 Ya'Arab took |
{"datasets_id": 161866, "wiki_id": "Q16859427", "sp": 14, "sc": 636, "ep": 14, "ec": 679} | 161,866 | Q16859427 | 14 | 636 | 14 | 679 | Muhanna bin Sultan | Deposition and death | the next step and proclaimed himself Imam. |
{"datasets_id": 161867, "wiki_id": "Q2396798", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 251} | 161,867 | Q2396798 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 251 | Nabarangpur district | Economy | Nabarangpur district Economy In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Nabarangpur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). |
{"datasets_id": 161868, "wiki_id": "Q229831", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 198} | 161,868 | Q229831 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 198 | Nathalie Dechy | Personal life | Nathalie Dechy Personal life Dechy was born to a father from continental France and a Canadian mother from the Eastern Townships of Quebec. She holds dual French-Canadian citizenship. On 25 January 2010 she gave birth to a son. |
{"datasets_id": 161869, "wiki_id": "Q6973287", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 449} | 161,869 | Q6973287 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 449 | National Highway 70 (India, old numbering) | National Highway 70 (India, old numbering) National Highway 70 (NH 70) was a National Highway in Northern India linking Jalandhar in Punjab to Mandi in Himachal Pradesh. After renumbering of all national highways by National Highway Authority of India in 2010, the old NH 70 has now been subsumed in new National Highway 3 (India) or NH 3 and there is no NH 70 now.
The highway was 170 km (110 mi) long, of which 50 km (31 mi) was in Punjab and 120 km (75 mi) was in Himachal Pradesh. |
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{"datasets_id": 161870, "wiki_id": "Q6978589", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 636} | 161,870 | Q6978589 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 636 | National Society of Mural Painters | Background | National Society of Mural Painters Background The NSMP was founded in 1895, in an era of Beaux-Arts architecture in America, a time when public architecture was integrated with murals, sculpture, mosaics and other artwork, coordinated and themed to assert the identity of the building. Parallel organizations associated with the same principles of integrated public art include the National Sculpture Society, which originally included a large percentage of architectural sculptors, and the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design, founded in 1916 as the teaching wing of the Society of Beaux-Arts Architects.
Still in existence after more than a hundred years, the society presents |
{"datasets_id": 161870, "wiki_id": "Q6978589", "sp": 6, "sc": 636, "ep": 6, "ec": 739} | 161,870 | Q6978589 | 6 | 636 | 6 | 739 | National Society of Mural Painters | Background | exhibitions and organizes competitions. The NSMP is a member of the Fine Arts Federation of New York. |
{"datasets_id": 161871, "wiki_id": "Q14689828", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 602} | 161,871 | Q14689828 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 602 | Neosho County Community College | Campuses | Neosho County Community College Campuses Unlike some other community colleges which offer no housing, the Chanute Campus of NCCC allows students to live on campus and have a dinner plan. This campus is more designed for full-time traditional students. It is also the larger of the two campuses.
The Ottawa campus is different from Chanute campus in that the former has no housing available. This campus is more designed for part-time nontraditional students, though significant numbers of traditional students also attend this campus. Students at Ottawa High School are offered numerous dual-credit college courses through this campus. |
{"datasets_id": 161872, "wiki_id": "Q637044", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 80} | 161,872 | Q637044 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 80 | Neufmoulin | Geography | Neufmoulin Geography Neufmoulin is situated on the D482 road, just four miles northeast of Abbeville. |
{"datasets_id": 161873, "wiki_id": "Q2638841", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 695} | 161,873 | Q2638841 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 695 | Nibelungids | Nibelungids The Nibelungids were a Frankish noble family descended from Childebrand, the younger full brother of Charles Martel.
They formed a cadet branch, alongside the Carolingians, of the Arnulfing− Pippinid house. The dynasty got its name from Childebrand's heir, Nibelung I ("The Historian").
Childebrand's immediate descendants held the County of the Vexin in the 9th century. The relationships between the various Childebrands and Nibelungs of the period are rarely attested in primary sources, leaving it to genealogists, prosopographers, and onomasticists to piece together possible lines of descent. It has been suggested that they were related to the family of William of Gellone |
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{"datasets_id": 161873, "wiki_id": "Q2638841", "sp": 4, "sc": 695, "ep": 4, "ec": 1038} | 161,873 | Q2638841 | 4 | 695 | 4 | 1,038 | Nibelungids | and to the Counts of Autun, from which may have descended Ringard, the wife of Pepin II of Aquitaine.
The early Nibelungids were patrons of the continuation of the Chronicle of Fredegar, which is indicated in the Austrasian and Arnulfing emphasis in the continuation, as distinct from the Burgundian outlook of the original chronicle. |
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{"datasets_id": 161874, "wiki_id": "Q28854642", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 288} | 161,874 | Q28854642 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 288 | Nicole Awai | Early life & Education & Selected Works | Nicole Awai Early life She was born in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. She is of Afro-Asian ancestry. Education She received her Bachelor of Arts in 1991, and a 1996 Master of Fine Arts in painting and printmaking, both from the University of South Florida, In 1997 she attended Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in Maine. Selected Works Panyard (2001) The title referring to the panyard which is a practice space for steel drummers in the West Indian festival of Carnival. Ex-Trinidadians Nicole Awai and Terry Boddie (re)envision it in a Brooklyn NY gallery using elements of drawing, photography, sculpture. Historian Rocio |
{"datasets_id": 161874, "wiki_id": "Q28854642", "sp": 14, "sc": 288, "ep": 14, "ec": 979} | 161,874 | Q28854642 | 14 | 288 | 14 | 979 | Nicole Awai | Selected Works | Armanda-Alvaraz writes about their intent to reconsider minimalist art language of the1970s to bring a sophisticated yet non-narrative version of carnival, borrowing from an ethnicized and racialized past that has asserted itself, via their installation, in the present. The installation was shown at FiveMyles Gallery in Brooklyn New York.
Local Ephemera, 2007 Subjects and objects depicted in action are drawn in a looser, colorful style. They contrast with the mechanical blueprint '"language" that other objects are rendered in "to bring clarity where there is none". Notable works from Local Ephemera include Specimen from Local Ephemera: Tension Springs (2004), Specimen from |
{"datasets_id": 161874, "wiki_id": "Q28854642", "sp": 14, "sc": 979, "ep": 14, "ec": 1667} | 161,874 | Q28854642 | 14 | 979 | 14 | 1,667 | Nicole Awai | Selected Works | Local Ephemera: Drab Hanger (2007), Specimen from Local Ephemera: Castle Nut and Drama Queen (2007), and Specimen from Local Ephemera: Resistance with Black Ooze (2005)
Almost Undone, 2011 was the title of an exhibition in September, 2011 at The Vilcek Foundation Gallery. The sculpture incorporated a wide variety of materials such as sprayed paper, resin, plastic, nail polish, and clay, resulting in bold, complex three-dimensional structures, which seemed to pull, stretch, and tear from the wall. in conjunction with her earlier works of her Local Ephemera series The sculpture creates its own multi-dimensional adaptation from that series, reconstituting one dimension into |
{"datasets_id": 161874, "wiki_id": "Q28854642", "sp": 14, "sc": 1667, "ep": 14, "ec": 2271} | 161,874 | Q28854642 | 14 | 1,667 | 14 | 2,271 | Nicole Awai | Selected Works | the next.
Asphaltum Glance, 2013 was a painting on the walls of the small gallery at Alice Yard in her native Trinidad. Awai explored the origins of the viscosity and blackness that were a long-standing staples of her painting oeuvre. Through an Art Matters Grant trip in 2012 to Le Brea a childhood memory of a nearby pitch lake resonated with her so she photographed close-up details of it as the basis for wall sized paintings for the gallery. Speaking about the connection between the black ooze and Caribbean identity, Awai says, "The pitch lake is constantly replenishing itself, just like |
{"datasets_id": 161874, "wiki_id": "Q28854642", "sp": 14, "sc": 2271, "ep": 14, "ec": 2907} | 161,874 | Q28854642 | 14 | 2,271 | 14 | 2,907 | Nicole Awai | Selected Works | us, taking on new form." According to Awai, asphalt is, "literally the remnants of all of us, the decomposition of all flora and all fauna over the course of known time that keeps turning, churning and revealing at the same instance material and items randomly from yesterday and four hundred years ago." Before leaving Trinidad, Awai painted over Asphaltum Glance as a way of continuing her themes of "regeneration and malleability."
Notes for Material Re-pose, 2016 Critical Practices/ 21st Projects, New York, NY was the exhibition site for a sculpture intended to make viewers aware of their own material present/ presence, |
{"datasets_id": 161874, "wiki_id": "Q28854642", "sp": 14, "sc": 2907, "ep": 14, "ec": 3546} | 161,874 | Q28854642 | 14 | 2,907 | 14 | 3,546 | Nicole Awai | Selected Works | Awai posited a continual back and forth between narrative and matter in immediate time and perpetual history. She chose these exhibits for their "informal viewings" of artists' works, intending to set up the normative space for cultural consumption and bring the audience into a domestic setting."
Vistas, 2017 shown at Leslie Heller Gallery consists of a series Awai had been working on since 2013. As a mental view of a succession of remembered events they were partially focused on the characteristics of asphalt ooze of her prior work. “Vistas are momentary glimpse experiences. There is a feeling of impermanence, of possible |
{"datasets_id": 161874, "wiki_id": "Q28854642", "sp": 14, "sc": 3546, "ep": 14, "ec": 4201} | 161,874 | Q28854642 | 14 | 3,546 | 14 | 4,201 | Nicole Awai | Selected Works | shift, change or impending disappearance, illusive physicality that may actually be imagined and ephemeral. Vistas could be windows to the past, the future or even moments in the present that cannot be specified.”
Material Re-pose, 2017 In an accompanying essay historian Dorota Biczel draws attention to Awai's abrupt transformational shifts of image, patterning and materials within the same work. Awai's juxtaposition of the infinity of the black ooze, the suggested locality of the rendered skins of animals, as well as the here and now of her own figurative likeness continue her signature premise of the complexity of matter and historical |
{"datasets_id": 161874, "wiki_id": "Q28854642", "sp": 14, "sc": 4201, "ep": 14, "ec": 4826} | 161,874 | Q28854642 | 14 | 4,201 | 14 | 4,826 | Nicole Awai | Selected Works | narrative.
Persistent Resistance of the Liquid Land, 2018 In an installation inspired by a singular crouching black scout in a Brooklyn Civil War monument of otherwise standing group of white soldiers, “Persistent Resistance” consists of a central speckled, decorative column that looks like a Rorschach ink blot. Beneath it pooled on the floor, as if still in the process of cooling, is a pour of asphalt, resin, charcoal, nail polish over foam. Repeating butterfly-like paper shapes in dark blue, black, and gray hover around the column, often with a gray-tone image of the crouching soldier in the middle of them |
{"datasets_id": 161874, "wiki_id": "Q28854642", "sp": 14, "sc": 4826, "ep": 14, "ec": 5307} | 161,874 | Q28854642 | 14 | 4,826 | 14 | 5,307 | Nicole Awai | Selected Works | evoking cherubim or etherial figures.
Persistent Resistance of the Liquid Land, proposal, 2018 The New York Times asked artists to propose alternatives to Confederate monuments being removed from public spaces. Awai's proposal was inspired by the Grand Army Plaza memorial arch which is a tribute to fighters for the Union. Focusing on the African-American man who surveys and stands ready for battle, she creates a winged soldier waiting to do battle for a better future. |
{"datasets_id": 161875, "wiki_id": "Q4352260", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 529} | 161,875 | Q4352260 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 529 | Niels Larsen | Biography | Niels Larsen Biography Larsen took up shooting early, and was training in a city club by the age of 14. His talent was noticed by Hans Schultz, an Olympic shooter who owned a guns workshop in Otterup. Schultz hired Larsen in 1910; in 1912 they competed together in the Stockholm Olympics, in 1917 became business partners, and in 1919 expanded the Schultz's workshop into the Schultz & Larsen factory. Earlier in 1916 Larsen married Schultz's daughter Ellen. Their son Uffe Schultz Larsen also became an Olympic shooter and worked for Schultz & Larsen. |
{"datasets_id": 161876, "wiki_id": "Q965109", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 96} | 161,876 | Q965109 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 96 | Noël Mamère | Biography & Political career | Noël Mamère Biography Noël Mamère rose to fame in the 1980s as a journalist and anchorman, in particular on Antenne 2.
In 1992, he became president of Brice Lalonde's Ecology Generation party, from which he was expelled in 1994. He then founded "Ecology-Solidarity Convergences", of which he was president, before joining Les Verts in 1998.
In 2002, he was presidential candidate and garnered 5.25% of the votes.
On 5 June 2004, he stirred up controversy by conducting a marriage ceremony for a male homosexual couple, nine years before same-sex marriage became legal in France. Political career Electoral mandates
European Parliament
Member of European Parliament : 1994–1997 |
{"datasets_id": 161876, "wiki_id": "Q965109", "sp": 10, "sc": 96, "ep": 10, "ec": 863} | 161,876 | Q965109 | 10 | 96 | 10 | 863 | Noël Mamère | Political career | (Resignation, elected in the National Assembly of France). Elected in 1994.
National Assembly of France
Member of the National Assembly of France for Gironde : 1997-2017. Elected in 1997, reelected in 2002, 2007, 2012.
Regional Council
Regional councillor of Aquitaine : 1992-1994 (Resignation) / March 1998 (Resignation). Reelected in 1998.
Municipal Council
Mayor of Bègles : 1989-2017. Reelected in 1995, 2001, 2008, 2014.
Municipal councillor of Bègles : 1989-2017. Reelected in 1995, 2001, 2008, 2014.
Urban community Council
Vice-president of the Urban Community of Bordeaux : 1989–2001. Reelected in 1995.
Member of the Urban Community of Bordeaux : 1989–2001. Reelected in 1995. |
{"datasets_id": 161877, "wiki_id": "Q1008248", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 62} | 161,877 | Q1008248 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 62 | Obra, Uttar Pradesh | Geography & Demographics & Power stations | Obra, Uttar Pradesh Geography Obra is located at 24.42°N 82.98°E. It has an average elevation in the range of 315 and 485 metres. Demographics As of 2011 India census, Obra had a 46,574 of which 24,804 are males while 21,770 are females as per report released by Census India 2011. Obra has an average literacy rate of 83.90%, higher than the state average of 67.68%: male literacy is around 91%, and female literacy is 76%. In Obra, 12.36% of the population is under 6 years of age. Power stations Obra stands by the side of the Renu & Sone rivers, tributaries |
{"datasets_id": 161877, "wiki_id": "Q1008248", "sp": 14, "sc": 62, "ep": 14, "ec": 719} | 161,877 | Q1008248 | 14 | 62 | 14 | 719 | Obra, Uttar Pradesh | Power stations | of the Ganga. The environment around nicely supports the Thermal and Hydroelectric (Hydel) Power Station. The thermal station has 13 units with the total capacity of 1550 MW and the Hydel has a maximum capacity of 99 MW. A Board inside the thermal power station-B mentions that INDIA's first 200 MW unit was installed and commissioned here.
Pushing aside heavy competition from home-bred companies like BHEL and L&T, South Korean’s top power equipment manufacturer Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Company’s Indian arm, Doosan Power Systems India (DPSI), clinched two super-critical power projects of 1,320 MW each in Uttar Pradesh. the 2×660 |
{"datasets_id": 161877, "wiki_id": "Q1008248", "sp": 14, "sc": 719, "ep": 18, "ec": 107} | 161,877 | Q1008248 | 14 | 719 | 18 | 107 | Obra, Uttar Pradesh | Power stations & Economy | MW Obra C project, in Sonebhadra district, would be a brownfield project and will cost R10,416 crore. An official of the Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam (UPRVUNL) said that now that the projects have been approved by the ETF, the matter would be put up before the Cabinet. "Letters of intent would be awarded by October and we expect work to begin soon," he said, adding that both the projects would start generating 1320 MW of power each by 2021. Economy Obra is place consisting majority of business class people with 30% of the people owning stone crushing and |
{"datasets_id": 161877, "wiki_id": "Q1008248", "sp": 18, "sc": 107, "ep": 22, "ec": 215} | 161,877 | Q1008248 | 18 | 107 | 22 | 215 | Obra, Uttar Pradesh | Economy & Media and communications | transport business. 50% work in the power plant and remaining 20% have their own shops of goods and services. Media and communications All India Radio has a local station in Obra which transmits various programs of mass interest. It was started on 28.08.1993. It operates on 102.7 MHz. It mainly originates programmes in Hindi as well as in Bhojpuri. |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 575} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 575 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | J-2 Golden Rocket | Oldsmobile V8 engine J-2 Golden Rocket Introduced in the middle of the 1957 model year, the 1957 and 1958 J-2 Golden Rocket had three two-barrel (twin choke) carburetors with a vacuum-operated linkage. Only the center carburetor was mechanically connected to the throttle pedal, and it was the only one equipped with a choke. When the center carburetor was opened to 60° or more engine vacuum drawn from the windshield wiper pump would simultaneously open the front and rear carburetors. These carburetors did not open progressively; they were either open or closed. The J-2 engine also had a slightly thinner head |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 6, "sc": 575, "ep": 6, "ec": 1223} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 6 | 575 | 6 | 1,223 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | J-2 Golden Rocket | gasket, raising compression to 10.0:1. It was advertised with gross power and torque ratings of 312 hp (233 kW) at 4600 rpm and 415 lb⋅ft (563 N⋅m) at 2800 rpm. Oldsmobile charged $83 for the J-2 option with the three-speed manual (or in the 98), $314 dollars with the automatic.
In practice, owners who did not regularly drive hard enough to engage the front and rear carburetors experienced problems with the linkage and carburetor throats becoming clogged, and some J-2-equipped cars had the front and rear carburetors removed and blocked off. Moreover, correct tuning was a continual headache. The package was expensive to produce, and |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 6, "sc": 1223, "ep": 14, "ec": 401} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 6 | 1,223 | 14 | 401 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | J-2 Golden Rocket & Starfire & Aluminum 215 | Oldsmobile discontinued it after 1958. Starfire The high-compression four-barrel 394 cu. in. 1964 Starfire produced 345 hp (257 kW) and 440 lb⋅ft (600 N⋅m) for the 1963-4 Starfire and 98 Custom-Sports Coupe. It was optional on 1964 98s and Super 88s. Aluminum 215 From 1961-1963, Oldsmobile manufactured its own version of the Buick-designed, all-aluminum 215 cubic inch V8 engine for the F-85 compact. Known variously as the Rockette, Cutlass, and Turbo-Rocket by Oldsmobile (and as Fireball and Skylark by Buick), it was a compact, lightweight engine measuring 28 in (71 cm) long, 26 in (66 cm) wide, and 27 in (69 cm) high (same as the small-block Chevy), with a |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 14, "sc": 401, "ep": 14, "ec": 1031} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 14 | 401 | 14 | 1,031 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | Aluminum 215 | dry weight of only 320 lb (150 kg). The Oldsmobile engine was very similar to the Buick engine, but not identical: it had larger wedge combustion chambers with flat-topped (rather than domed) pistons, six bolts rather than five per cylinder, and slightly larger intake valves; the valves were actuated by shaft-mounted rocker arms like the Buick and Pontiac versions, but the shafts and rockers were unique to Oldsmobile. With an 8.75:1 compression ratio and a 2-barrel carburetor, the Olds 215 had the same rated hp, 155 hp (116 kW) at 4800 rpm, as the Buick 215, with 220 ft⋅lbf (300 N⋅m) of torque at 2400 rpm. With a 4-barrel |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 14, "sc": 1031, "ep": 14, "ec": 1687} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 14 | 1,031 | 14 | 1,687 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | Aluminum 215 | carburetor and 10.25:1 compression, the Olds 215 made 185 hp (138 kW) at 4800 rpm and 230 lb⋅ft (310 N⋅m) at 3200 rpm with a manual transmission. With a 4-barrel carburetor and 10.75:1 compression, the Olds 215 made 195 hp (145 kW) at 4800 rpm and 235 lb⋅ft (319 N⋅m) at 3200 rpm with an automatic. The Buick version was rated at 200 hp with an 11:1 compression ratio.
The Buick version of the 215 V8 went on to become the well known Rover V8, which still remains in limited production, utilizing the Buick-style pistons, heads, and valve train gear.
The Oldsmobile engine block formed the basis of the Repco 3-liter engine used by Brabham |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 14, "sc": 1687, "ep": 14, "ec": 2319} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 14 | 1,687 | 14 | 2,319 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | Aluminum 215 | to win the 1966 and 1967 Formula One world championships. The early Repco engines produced up to 300 bhp (220 kW), and featured new SOHC cylinder heads and iron cylinder liners. The 1967 and later versions of the Repco engine had proprietary engine blocks.
In the mid-1980s, hot rodders discovered the 215 could be stretched to as much as 305 cu in (5 l), using the Buick 300 crankshaft, new cylinder sleeves, and an assortment of non-GM parts. It could also be fitted with high-compression cylinder heads from the Morgan +8. Using the 5 liter Rover block and crankshaft, a maximum displacement of 317.8 cu in (5,208 cc) is |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 14, "sc": 2319, "ep": 18, "ec": 649} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 14 | 2,319 | 18 | 649 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | Aluminum 215 & Turbo-Rocket | theoretically possible. Turbo-Rocket In 1962 and 1963 Oldsmobile built a turbocharged version of the 215, designated Turbo-Rocket. The turbocharger fitted to the V8 engine was a small-diameter Garrett T5 model with integral wastegate, manufactured by Garrett AiResearch, and produced a maximum of 5 psi (34 kPa) boost at 2200 rpm. The engine had 10.25:1 compression and a single-barrel carburetor. It was rated at 215 hp (160 kW) at 4600 rpm and 300 lb⋅ft (410 N⋅m) at 3200 rpm. In development, the high compression ratio combined with the charged load created problems with spark knock on hard throttle applications, which led Olds to develop and utilize a novel water-injection system |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 18, "sc": 649, "ep": 18, "ec": 1333} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 18 | 649 | 18 | 1,333 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | Turbo-Rocket | that sprayed metered amounts of distilled water and methyl alcohol (dubbed "Turbo-Rocket Fluid") into the intake manifold air-stream to cool the intake charge. If the fluid reservoir was empty, a complex double-float and valve assembly in the Turbo-Rocket Fluid path would set a second butterfly (positioned between the throttle butterfly and the turbocharger) into the closed position, limiting the amount of boost pressure. Unfortunately, many customers did not keep the reservoir filled, or had mechanical problems with the turbocharger system which resulted in many of the turbo-charger installations being removed and a conventional 4 barrel carburetor and manifold installed in |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 18, "sc": 1333, "ep": 22, "ec": 163} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 18 | 1,333 | 22 | 163 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | Turbo-Rocket & 330 | its place.
The Turbo-Rocket V8 was offered exclusively on the Oldsmobile Jetfire, a special version of the Cutlass compact hardtop coupe, which is noteworthy as it one of the world's first (in fact the second) turbocharged passenger car ever offered for public sale. The Chevrolet Corvair Spyder Turbo, likewise a forced induction i.e turbo-powered car, predated the Oldsmobile Jetfire Turbo, however by only a few weeks, thus being the world's very first turbocharged commercially sold vehicle. 330 The first second-generation Oldmobile V8 330 cu in (5.4 L) "Jetfire Rocket" introduced in 1964 and produced through 1967. It was released one year earlier than the |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 22, "sc": 163, "ep": 26, "ec": 288} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 22 | 163 | 26 | 288 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | 330 & 4-4-2 Rocket | tall deck 425, and debuted the standard 3.385 in (86.0 mm) stroke; bore was 3.938 in (100.0 mm). 330s were painted gold and had forged steel crankshafts. The 4 barrel versions had a larger diameter harmonic damper, the 2 barrel only a balancer hub without the rubberized outer ring. 4-4-2 Rocket The 1967 400 engine was a short stroke 1966-1967 only engine. It featured B and C cast large valve cylinder heads and hydraulic lifters are larger in diameter and push rods are different length and diameter than the standard Olds Rocket V8 it was rated at 350 horsepower and 440 lb/ft of |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 26, "sc": 288, "ep": 30, "ec": 222} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 26 | 288 | 30 | 222 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | 4-4-2 Rocket & 425 | torque with a Rochester 4 barrel and 360 hp with the L69 tri 2 barrel option in 1966 and 360 hp in 1967 it was equipped with a W30 camshaft and outside air induction, 502 factory examples of this engine were produced. They were all painted Bronze and had V and G stamped on the cylinder heads.400 cu in (6.6 L) V8. 425 The 425 cu in (7.0 L) big-block was the first tall-deck "big block," produced from 1965 through 1967. It is arguably the best engine Olds made in the muscle car era, although it never made it into a "muscle car". It used a |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 30, "sc": 222, "ep": 38, "ec": 139} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 30 | 222 | 38 | 139 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | 425 & Super Rocket & Starfire | 4.126 in (104.8 mm) bore and 3.975 in (101.0 mm) stroke. Most 425s were painted red, though the 1966 and 1967 Toronado units were light blue. All 425 engines were fitted with forged steel crankshafts with harmonic balancers. Super Rocket The standard 1965-1967 425 cu in (7.0 L) was called the Super Rocket, and was the most powerful engine option for the Oldsmobile 88 and 98 of 1965-1967. Compression ratios of 9.0:1 at 310 hp (230 kW) or 10.25:1 at 360 hp (270 kW) were available in the U.S. Starfire A special 1965-1967 425 cu in (7.0 L) V8 was the Starfire engine. The main distinguishing features of this engine were a slightly different |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 38, "sc": 139, "ep": 42, "ec": 299} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 38 | 139 | 42 | 299 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | Starfire & Toronado Rocket | camshaft profile from the standard ultra high compression engine and factory dual exhaust. This engine was only available in the Oldsmobile Starfire and a performance economy model called the Jetstar I. It shared the same compression ratio of the Toronado Rocket at 10.5:1. It also used the .921 in lifter bore size of the Toronado Rocket. Toronado Rocket An Ultra High Compression Toronado Rocket version of the 425 cu in (7.0 L) V8 was made for the 1966 Toronado. It had the same 0.921 in (23.4 mm)-diameter lifters of the first-generation Oldsmobile engines, rather than the standard 0.842 in (21.4 mm), which let engineers increase the camshaft's ramp |
{"datasets_id": 161878, "wiki_id": "Q7085749", "sp": 42, "sc": 299, "ep": 46, "ec": 230} | 161,878 | Q7085749 | 42 | 299 | 46 | 230 | Oldsmobile V8 engine | Toronado Rocket & L34 | speed for more power, 385 hp (287 kW), without sacrificing idle or reliability. Unlike all other 425s, this version was painted slate blue metallic. L34 Oldsmobile's own L34 350-cubic-inch (5.7 L) V8 was used in the 1976 Oldsmobile Cutlass "S", 1979 Hurst/Olds models and 1980 "4-4-2". The L34 used a 4-barrel carburetor and produced 160–170 hp (120–130 kW) and 275 ft⋅lbf (373 N⋅m). |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 622} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 622 | Ontario Highway 410 | Route description | Ontario Highway 410 Route description Highway 410 is a commuter freeway acting as the southward continuation of Highway 10, which formerly ran alongside the 410 and continued south through Brampton and Mississauga prior to the two highways being connected in 2009.
Highway 410 starts at a massive stack interchange with Highway 401 and Highway 403. Highway 403's eastern segment which runs from the south and west through central Mississauga splits up into a collector-express system at Eglinton Avenue, and while the express lanes continue directly to Highway 401 express lanes east of the 401-403-410 interchange, just north of the Matheson Boulevard |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 6, "sc": 622, "ep": 6, "ec": 1313} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 6 | 622 | 6 | 1,313 | Ontario Highway 410 | Route description | overpasses the collector lanes effectively continue northward as Highway 410 after exit/entry ramps linking to Highway 401 collector lanes.
Maintaining a straight north-westward course, it passes beneath Courtney Park Drive and Derry Road, with a slight jog to the right between the two underpasses. The freeway then meets Highway 407 at a cloverstack interchange as it crosses into Brampton and passes beneath a hydro corridor. Veering to the left, the freeway continues through industrialized areas and returns to its northwest–southeast orientation. It passes beneath Steeles Avenue East, following alongside the alignment of Heart Lake Road (now mostly broken up into segments), |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 6, "sc": 1313, "ep": 6, "ec": 1957} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 6 | 1,313 | 6 | 1,957 | Ontario Highway 410 | Route description | and later Queen Street East, the former Highway 7, now Peel Regional Road 107. Until it was decommissioned across the Greater Toronto Area, Highway 7 was concurrent between Queen Street East and Bovaird Drive. Passing north of Queen Street, the highway leaves the industrial area and passes through residential areas in an open cut until Bovaird Drive East.
The more recently completed extension begins at this point, as the highway returns to ground level and passes to the west of Trinity Common and departs from the Heart Lake Road alignment passing near the Heart Lake Conservation Area.
As it passes beneath Mayfield Road, |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 6, "sc": 1957, "ep": 10, "ec": 309} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 6 | 1,957 | 10 | 309 | Ontario Highway 410 | Route description & History | the highway makes a sharp turn to the west and descends through the Etobicoke Creek valley.
After rising back to level ground, it curves north, passing beneath Valleywood Drive. The central concrete median and high-mast lighting end as the freeway becomes Highway 10, which continues north to Orangeville, Shelburne and eventually Owen Sound. History Planning for highway 410 began during the late 1960s as a result of the rapid suburbanization of Brampton. On May 25, 1965, the Department of Highways (DHO) unveiled the Toronto Region Western Section Highway Planning Study. The plan designated several new highway corridors and widening projects through Peel |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 10, "sc": 309, "ep": 10, "ec": 952} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 10 | 309 | 10 | 952 | Ontario Highway 410 | History | and Halton, including Highway 10.
However, it did not include a truck bypass that was desired by Brampton city council. In 1969, William H. Brydon would encourage the DHO to construct this bypass utilizing Heart Lake Road through the city, and announced the plans at his final city council meeting as mayor, claiming that it may be known as the Brampton Expressway and would connect with Highway 401.
Successor Jim Archdekin announced in the new year that he would meet with highways minister George Gomme to discuss the route of the bypass.
The DHO studied the corridor over the next several months before releasing a |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 10, "sc": 952, "ep": 10, "ec": 1658} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 10 | 952 | 10 | 1,658 | Ontario Highway 410 | History | report in late August.
Ontario Premier Bill Davis, who was known as "Brampton Billy", formally initiated the construction of Highway 410 along the Heart Lake Road corridor during his administration.
Prior to the construction of Highway 410, Heart Lake Road was flanked by the industrial lands of Brampton and Bramalea north of Steeles Avenue, which required the highway to follow the road's alignment to avoid demolition of buildings. Between Steeles and Highway 401 was agricultural lands, allowing for the highway to constructed on a separate alignment to the west. In 1975, construction began on the widening of Highway 401 between Highway 10 (Hurontario Street) and Highway 427. During |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 10, "sc": 1658, "ep": 10, "ec": 2288} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 10 | 1,658 | 10 | 2,288 | Ontario Highway 410 | History | this expansion from four to six lanes, directional ramps were constructed with the new road to allow access to and from Toronto.
Heart Lake Road though Brampton was rebuilt over the next several years, and reopened as a two lane expressway on November 15, 1978. It was at this point that the road was designated Highway 410 as far north as Queen Street.
The construction of Highway 410 resulted in changes to the surrounding street network: The intact southern section of Heart Lake Road south of Steeles Avenue was severed from the northern section after the highway largely subsumed the latter. This portion was |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 10, "sc": 2288, "ep": 10, "ec": 2919} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 10 | 2,288 | 10 | 2,919 | Ontario Highway 410 | History | renamed Tomken Road (as a continuation of a street linked to its southern terminus when a jog was eliminated), and a diversion was constructed by the City of Brampton to connect it with Steeles further east. The West Drive Extension, between Orenda Road and Steeles, was constructed in 1983 to link with the north end of the new diversion.
Construction to twin the highway began in 1983, following the completion of a culvert over the east branch of the Etobicoke Creek;
the interchange with Clark Boulevard was built at the same time.
The following year, contracts were awarded to build the two structures |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 10, "sc": 2919, "ep": 10, "ec": 3564} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 10 | 2,919 | 10 | 3,564 | Ontario Highway 410 | History | over the Canadian National Railway south of Orenda Road,
as well as an interchange at Queen Street; the former was completed by the end of the year while the latter took until late 1985. Construction of the interchange at Bovaird Drive began in 1985 and was completed the following summer.
With the construction of each interchange, the future northbound lanes of the freeway were constructed and opened to two-way traffic. By 1988, two lanes were open between Steeles Avenue and Bovaird Drive.
In 1987, construction began south of the future Highway 407 interchange, expanding the two lane Heart Lake Road to a six lane |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 10, "sc": 3564, "ep": 10, "ec": 4247} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 10 | 3,564 | 10 | 4,247 | Ontario Highway 410 | History | freeway. In addition, work began on the future southbound lanes north of Steeles Avenue.
In 1990, work began on an interchange with Courtney Park Drive.
By mid-1991, Highway 410 was complete from north of Highway 401 to Bovaird Drive, and work was underway on two large flyover ramps.
The interchange with Highway 401 was rebuilt alongside the widening of that highway to a collector-express system and opened to traffic ramp-by-ramp beginning August 28, 1990 and continuing through the end of the year.
In the fall of 1991, alongside the widening of Highway 410 into a full freeway, construction began on the connecting ramps between Highway 403 and |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 10, "sc": 4247, "ep": 14, "ec": 416} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 10 | 4,247 | 14 | 416 | Ontario Highway 410 | History & Extension | Highway 410, which pass under the existing bridge structures for Highway 401 collector traffic, while new overpasses were constructed for the Highway 401 express lanes.
The 2.2-kilometre (1.4 mi) link opened on November 2, 1992, at a cost of $7.3 million. Extension The extension beyond Bovaird Drive to Hurontario was conceived as part of the ultimate plan for Highway 410 when it was under construction in 1982.
It would take until 2003 for construction to begin.
Planning for the 8.5-kilometre (5.3 mi) freeway began with the submitting of an Environmental Assessment by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) in October 1995. The assessment was approved |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 14, "sc": 416, "ep": 14, "ec": 1071} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 14 | 416 | 14 | 1,071 | Ontario Highway 410 | Extension | without a hearing by the Minister of Environment and Energy on March 5, 1997.
The next several years were spent on engineering and design. The new section, planned and built as a four lane freeway, was constructed on a new alignment in order to bypass the Heart Lake Conservation Area. It was completed in phases: initially to the new eastward extension of Sandalwood Parkway, later to Mayfield Road and finally to Highway 10 north of Sandalwood.
Premier of Ontario Ernie Eves officially announced the extension on June 23, 2003; construction subsequently began on the first phase.
On May 15, 2006 construction began on the second |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 14, "sc": 1071, "ep": 14, "ec": 1700} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 14 | 1,071 | 14 | 1,700 | Ontario Highway 410 | Extension | phase between Sandalwood Parkway and Mayfield Drive. The first two phases were built by Dufferin Construction and opened together in mid–late 2007; the northbound lanes were opened by the beginning of September and the southbound lanes by the end of the month. Upon its opening, trucks were prohibited from driving along it due to concerns of them travelling on the two lane Mayfield Road; this ban has since been lifted.
Construction on the third phase between Mayfield Road and Highway 10 began in August 2007. The entire extension was completed and opened to traffic on November 16, 2009. Additional work continued in |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 14, "sc": 1700, "ep": 18, "ec": 531} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 14 | 1,700 | 18 | 531 | Ontario Highway 410 | Extension & Recent Work | the months that followed to clean up the land surrounding the new freeway. Recent Work On September 9, 2014, the MTO announced that Highway 410 would be widened to ten lanes from south of Highway 401 to Queen Street in Brampton by 2018. A C$156.7 million contract was awarded to Aecon Construction to expand the freeway by adding one general purpose and one High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane in each direction. In addition, two new ramps will be built at the partial interchange with Highway 401 and Highway 403, thereby providing access to and from all directions.
One new lane in each direction was opened in |
{"datasets_id": 161879, "wiki_id": "Q2872854", "sp": 18, "sc": 531, "ep": 18, "ec": 873} | 161,879 | Q2872854 | 18 | 531 | 18 | 873 | Ontario Highway 410 | Recent Work | late 2017: a northbound lane between Courtney Park and south of Queen Street on October 31, and a southbound lane between Queen Street and Highway 401 on November 28.
In November 2018, both the southbound and northbound HOV Lane opened through the route. The southbound HOV was opened several weeks ahead of the northbound HOV lane. |
{"datasets_id": 161880, "wiki_id": "Q15997528", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 609} | 161,880 | Q15997528 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 609 | Oscar Öhman | Oscar Öhman Eric Oscar Öhman (1 December 1886 – 16 January 1947) was a Swedish politician. He was a member of parliament (Second Chamber) 1929-1932 för Västernorrlands län.
He was the son of Erik Öhman (farmer and shoemaker) and Anna Svedlund. In 1916 he became a member of the municipal council of Timrå. Towards the end of 1919 Oscar Öhman founded the newspaper Medelpads-Kuriren (which later became Norrlands-Kuriren). In the same year he became vice chairman of the Timrå municipal council.
He was a key leader of the Communist Party in Sundsvall. In 1927 he became a member of the Västernorrlands län |
|
{"datasets_id": 161880, "wiki_id": "Q15997528", "sp": 4, "sc": 609, "ep": 4, "ec": 896} | 161,880 | Q15997528 | 4 | 609 | 4 | 896 | Oscar Öhman | county council. When the Communist Party underwent a major split in 1929, Oscar Öhman sided with the Karl Kilbom faction.
Öhman lost his parliamentary seat in the 1932 election. Like many other personalities in the Kilbom faction, he later joined to the Social Democratic Party. |
|
{"datasets_id": 161881, "wiki_id": "Q30605500", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 56} | 161,881 | Q30605500 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 56 | OverDrive (radio show) | History & Format | OverDrive (radio show) History The show was formerly known as Leafs Lunch, which aired from noon until 2:00PM. On February 22, 2016, TSN 1050 introduced a revamped weekday lineup, where Andi Petrillo became host of Leafs Lunch, while Bryan Hayes, Jamie McLennan, and Jeff O'Neill became hosts of the new drive-time program from 4:00-7:00PM, with the 4:00PM and 5:00PM hours being simulcasted on TSN4, and the 6:00PM hour being simulcasted on TSN2.
In April 2019, it was announced that The Source would be the presenting partner for OverDrive. Format The show is a sports talk show for all sports, primarily |
{"datasets_id": 161881, "wiki_id": "Q30605500", "sp": 10, "sc": 56, "ep": 10, "ec": 691} | 161,881 | Q30605500 | 10 | 56 | 10 | 691 | OverDrive (radio show) | Format | Toronto-focused, offering insights into the sports world with interviews featuring players, coaches, and industry insiders. OverDrive has all three co-hosts from September 5 until July 1, throughout the summer Hayes continues to host with different co-hosts, including Dave Poulin, Gord Miller, Steve Simmons, and Dave Feschuk. The regular show has many segments including the "Mow Your Lawn Monday", "Future Headlines", "Gerry's Percentages", and "Level of Concern".
OverDrive airs weekdays on TSN 1050 from 4 - 7 p.m. and is simulcasted on TSN from 4 - 6 p.m. ET on TSN4, and from 6 - 7 p.m. ET on TSN2.
Ray Ferraro |
{"datasets_id": 161881, "wiki_id": "Q30605500", "sp": 10, "sc": 691, "ep": 10, "ec": 833} | 161,881 | Q30605500 | 10 | 691 | 10 | 833 | OverDrive (radio show) | Format | calls in every day at 5:00PM, regular contributors also include Craig Button, Steve Phillips, Darren Dreger, Pierre LeBrun, and Bob McKenzie. |
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