text
stringlengths 24
69k
|
|---|
<s>[INST] What are the causes of Diverticulosis? [/INST] Doctors are not sure what causes diverticular disease. Many think a diet low in fiber is the main cause. Fiber is a part of food that your body cannot digest. It is found in many fruits and vegetables. Fiber stays in the colon and absorbs water, which makes bowel movements easier to pass. Diets low in fiber may cause constipation, which occurs when stools are hard and difficult to pass. Constipation causes your muscles to strain when you pass stool. Straining may cause diverticula to form in the colon. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Diverticulosis ? [/INST] People over the age of 40. Starting at age 40, the chance of getting it increases about every 10 years. About half of people between the ages of 60 and 80 have diverticular disease. Almost everyone over 80 has it. People who eat low fiber diets. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Diverticulosis ? [/INST] Contact a doctor if you notice symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or change in bowel habits. </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Diverticulosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Most people with the disease do not have serious problems, but some people have severe symptoms. Diverticulitis can attack suddenly and cause
Bleeding Serious infections Rips in the pouches Fistula, which is a connection or passage between tissues or organs in the body that normally do not connect Blockage in your digestive system An infection in which the colon ruptures causing stool to empty from the colon into the abdomen </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Dyspepsia? [/INST] Symptoms may include:
A feeling of heat, burning, or pain in the area between the navel and the lower part of the breastbone A feeling of fullness that is bothersome and occurs soon after the meal begins or when it is over
Bloating or nausea are less common symptoms.
NOTE: Indigestion is NOT the same as heartburn. </s> |
<s>[INST] What causes Dyspepsia? [/INST] Indigestion may be triggered by:
Drinking too much alcohol Eating spicy, fatty, or greasy foods Eating too much (overeating) Eating too fast Emotional stress or nervousness High-fiber foods Tobacco smoking Too much caffeine
Other causes of indigestion are:
Gallstones Gastritis (when the lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen) Swelling of the pancreas (pancreatitis) Ulcers (stomach or intestinal ulcer) Use of certain drugs such as antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Indigestion is usually not a sign of a more serious health problem, unless other symptoms also occur, such as weight loss or trouble swallowing.
Rarely, the discomfort of a heart attack is mistaken for indigestion. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Dyspepsia ? [/INST] Seek immediate medical help if your symptoms include jaw pain, chest pain, back pain, profuse sweating, anxiety, or a feeling of impending doom. These are possible heart attack symptoms.
Call your health care provider if:
Indigestion symptoms change noticeably Symptoms last longer than a few days You have unexplained weight loss You have sudden, severe abdominal pain You have trouble swallowing You have yellow coloring of the skin and eyes (jaundice) You vomit blood or pass blood in the stool </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Dyspepsia (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Your doctor will perform a physical examination, paying special attention to the stomach area and digestive tract. You will be asked questions about your symptoms, including:
Do you drink a lot of caffeinated beverages (tea, soda, coffee)? Do you eat quickly? Does it begin or get worse after drinking alcoholic or carbonated drinks? Does the discomfort begin or get worse after eating certain foods? Have you been overeating? Have you changed medications recently? Have you changed your diet? Have you had any spicy, high-fiber, or fatty foods? What medications are you taking? What other symptoms do you have? For example, stomach pain or vomiting. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Dysphagia ? [/INST] Chest pain, the feeling of food stuck in the throat, or heaviness or pressure in the neck or upper or lower chest may be present, as well as:
Cough or wheezing that becomes worse Coughing up food that has not been digested Heartburn Nausea Sour taste in the mouth
You may have problems swallowing with any eating or drinking, or only with certain types of foods or liquids. Difficulty eating very hot or cold foods, dry crackers or bread, meat, or chicken may be an early sign of swallowing problems. </s> |
<s>[INST] What causes Dysphagia ? [/INST] Swallowing is a complex act. Many nerves work in a fine balance to control how the muscles of the mouth, throat, and esophagus work together. Much of swallowing occurs without you being aware of what you are doing.
A brain or nerve disorder can alter this fine balance in the muscles of the mouth and throat.
Damage to the brain may be caused by multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, or stroke Nerve damage may be due to spinal cord injuries, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease), or myasthenia gravis
Stress or anxiety may cause some people to feel tightness in the throat, or feel as if something is stuck in the throat. This is called globus hystericus.
Problems that involve the esophagus often cause swallowing problems, including:
An abnormal ring of tissue that forms where the esophagus and stomach meet (called Schatzki's ring) Abnormal spasms of the esophagus muscles Cancer of the esophagus Failure of the muscle ring at the bottom of the esophagus to relax (Achalasia) Scarring that narrows the esophagus. This may be due to radiation, chemicals, medicines, chronic swelling, ulcers, or infection. Something stuck in the esophagus, such as a piece of food. Scleroderma, a disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the esophagus Tumors in the chest that press on the esophagus. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to Contact a Medical Professional ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if swallowing problems do not improve after a few days, or they come and go.
Call your doctor right away if:
You have a fever or shortness of breath You are losing weight Your swallowing problems are getting worse You cough or vomit up blood You have asthma that is becoming worse You feel as if you are choking during or after eating or drinking </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Esophageal atresia? [/INST] Bluish coloration to the skin (cyanosis) with attempted feedings Coughing, gagging, and choking with attempted feeding Drooling Poor feeding </s> |
<s>[INST] What causes Esophageal atresia? [/INST] Esophageal atresia is a congenital defect, which means it occurs before birth. There are several types. In most cases, the upper esophagus ends and does not connect with the lower esophagus and stomach. The top end of the lower esophagus connects to the windpipe. This connection is called a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Some babies with TEF will also have other problems, such as heart or other digestive tract disorders.
Other types of esophageal atresia involve narrowing of the esophagus, and may also be associated with other birth defects. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Esophageal atresia ? [/INST] Esophageal atresia occurs in about 1 out of 4,000 births. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Esophageal atresia ? [/INST] This disorder is usually diagnosed shortly after birth.
Call your baby's health care provider if the baby vomits repeatedly after feedings, or if the baby develops breathing difficulties. </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Esophageal atresia (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] An early diagnosis gives a better chance of a good outcome. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the Symptoms of Esophageal Stricture? [/INST] Trouble swallowing Pain with swallowing Unintentional weight loss Regurgitation of food </s> |
<s>[INST] What Causes Esophageal Stricture? [/INST] Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Eosinophilic esophagitis Injuries caused by an endoscope Long-term use of a nasogastric (NG) tube (tube through the nose into the stomach). Swallowing substances that harm the lining of the esophagus. These may include household cleaners, lye, disc batteries, or battery acid. Treatment of esophageal varices
Frequent acid reflux make it more likely that you will develop esophageal stricture </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Esophageal stricture ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you have swallowing problems that do not go away. </s> |
<s>[INST] Where to find Medical Care for esophageal stricture? [/INST] Medical care for esophageal stricture can be found here. </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Esophageal stricture (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The stricture may come back in the future. This would require a repeat dilation. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of a Femoral hernia? [/INST] Groin discomfort or groin pain aggravated by bending or lifting Tender lump in the groin or upper thigh </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the causes of a Femoral hernia? [/INST] A hernia occurs when abdominal contents, usually part of the small intestine, push through a weak point or tear in the thin muscular wall of the abdomen that holds the abdominal organs in place.
In a femoral hernia, a bulge is usually present in the upper part of the thigh, just below the groin, where the femoral artery and vein pass. Femoral hernias tend to occur more often in women than in men. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at risk for Femoral hernias? [/INST] Gender: Women are more likely to develop femoral hernias than men </s> |
<s>[INST] How to know you have a Femoral hernia? [/INST] A physical examination reveals the hernia. Tests are usually not necessary. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of gallbladder cancer? [/INST] Because the gallbladder is located deep inside the body, your doctor cannot see or feel tumors during a routine physical exam. Therefore, it is hard to diagnose gallbladder cancer early. Sometimes, gallbladder cancers are found unexpectedly after removal of the gallbladder for other reasons, such as gallstones. As the cancer progresses, people may notice one or more symptoms as the following:
Jaundice: Is a yellowing of the sclera and skin. Normally, bilirubin is made in the liver and the liver excretes it into bile. Then bile goes into the intestines eventually leaving the body in the stool. Once the common bile duct becomes blocked, bile can't reach the intestines, and the level of bilirubin builds up. If the bile duct is blocked, bilirubin cannot get through to the intestines then stools may become lighter in color. Abdominal pain: Experiencing abdominal pain due to gallbladder cancer is because advanced gallbladder cancer start to compress other nearby organs. The pain may be constant or it may come and go. Gallbladder enlargement or lump in abdomen: Is because the cancer blocks the bile duct and bile builds up in the gallbladder to enlarge. Sometimes a doctor can feel this enlargement during the physical exam Digestive problems: Patients with gallbladder cancer are unable to digest fatty foods when cancer blocks the release of the bile into the intestine. This can cause nausea and vomiting that tend to be worse after eating. Undigested fat may cause stools to be pale, bulky, and greasy. Weight loss and marasmus, poor appetite: Unintended or unexpected weight loss is very common in patients with gallbladder cancer. These people also complain of being very tired and having little or no appetite.
Other health problems such as gallstones, hepatitis, and other pancreatic diseases may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell his/her doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Gallbladder adenocarcinoma ? [/INST] There are some factors that may increase the chance of acquiring gallbladder cancer. These risk factors include:
Gallstones: This is the most common risk factor for gallbladder cancer. It is estimated that about 75% and 90% of people with gallbladder cancer have a history of gallstones. Gallstones are the most common digestive disease in the United States, but only a small proportion of people develop gallbladder cancer.
Gallbladder polyps: Gallbladder polyp is caused by small gallstones or cholecystitis. Because gallbladder polyps larger than 10 millimeters are likely to develop into cancer, surgeons often recommend removing the gallbladder.
Family history. People with family history of gallbladder cancer have a higher probability of developing gallbladder cancer.
Ethnicity: Epidemiology data demonstrates that Mexican Americans and Native Americans, particularly in the southwestern United States, are more likely to develop gallbladder cancer than the general population.
Age: Clinical data shows most people with gallbladder cancer are older than 70.
Gender: Epidemiology data shows women are about twice as likely to develop gallbladder cancer as men.
Smoking: Smoking may increase the risk of gallbladder cancer. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Gallbladder adenocarcinoma ? [/INST] Gallbladder cancer forms tumors which are very difficult to detect in the early stages. If symptoms of gallbladder cancer develop, go to see your doctor as soon as possible:
Severe abdominal pain, especially when accompanied with jaundice and fever </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Gallbladder adenocarcinoma (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis is not good for most gallbladder cancer patients if the cancer is detected in its late stages. The prognosis of gallbladder cancer also depends on the following factors:
Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the gallbladder The patient’s general health Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred
Patients diagnosed with Gallbladder cancer should avoid using the following medications:
Fenofibrate If you have been diagnosed with Gallbladder cancer, consult your physician before starting or stopping any of these medications. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of gallbladder cancer? [/INST] Because the gallbladder is located deep inside the body, your doctor cannot see or feel tumors during a routine physical exam. Therefore, it is hard to diagnose gallbladder cancer early. Sometimes, gallbladder cancers are found unexpectedly after removal of the gallbladder for other reasons, such as gallstones. As the cancer progresses, people may notice one or more symptoms as the following:
Jaundice: Is a yellowing of the sclera and skin. Normally, bilirubin is made in the liver and the liver excretes it into bile. Then bile goes into the intestines eventually leaving the body in the stool. Once the common bile duct becomes blocked, bile can't reach the intestines, and the level of bilirubin builds up. If the bile duct is blocked, bilirubin cannot get through to the intestines then stools may become lighter in color. Abdominal pain: Experiencing abdominal pain due to gallbladder cancer is because advanced gallbladder cancer start to compress other nearby organs. The pain may be constant or it may come and go. Gallbladder enlargement or lump in abdomen: Is because the cancer blocks the bile duct and bile builds up in the gallbladder to enlarge. Sometimes a doctor can feel this enlargement during the physical exam Digestive problems: Patients with gallbladder cancer are unable to digest fatty foods when cancer blocks the release of the bile into the intestine. This can cause nausea and vomiting that tend to be worse after eating. Undigested fat may cause stools to be pale, bulky, and greasy. Weight loss and marasmus, poor appetite: Unintended or unexpected weight loss is very common in patients with gallbladder cancer. These people also complain of being very tired and having little or no appetite.
Other health problems such as gallstones, hepatitis, and other pancreatic diseases may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell his/her doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Gallbladder cancer ? [/INST] There are some factors that may increase the chance of acquiring gallbladder cancer. These risk factors include:
Gallstones: This is the most common risk factor for gallbladder cancer. It is estimated that about 75% and 90% of people with gallbladder cancer have a history of gallstones. Gallstones are the most common digestive disease in the United States, but only a small proportion of people develop gallbladder cancer.
Gallbladder polyps: Gallbladder polyp is caused by small gallstones or cholecystitis. Because gallbladder polyps larger than 10 millimeters are likely to develop into cancer, surgeons often recommend removing the gallbladder.
Family history. People with family history of gallbladder cancer have a higher probability of developing gallbladder cancer.
Ethnicity: Epidemiology data demonstrates that Mexican Americans and Native Americans, particularly in the southwestern United States, are more likely to develop gallbladder cancer than the general population.
Age: Clinical data shows most people with gallbladder cancer are older than 70.
Gender: Epidemiology data shows women are about twice as likely to develop gallbladder cancer as men.
Smoking: Smoking may increase the risk of gallbladder cancer. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Gallbladder cancer ? [/INST] Gallbladder cancer forms tumors which are very difficult to detect in the early stages. If symptoms of gallbladder cancer develop, go to see your doctor as soon as possible:
Severe abdominal pain, especially when accompanied with jaundice and fever </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Gallbladder cancer (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis is not good for most gallbladder cancer patients if the cancer is detected in its late stages. The prognosis of gallbladder cancer also depends on the following factors:
Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the gallbladder The patient’s general health Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred
Patients diagnosed with Gallbladder cancer should avoid using the following medications:
Fenofibrate If you have been diagnosed with Gallbladder cancer, consult your physician before starting or stopping any of these medications. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Gastritis? [/INST] Abdominal pain Abdominal indigestion Dark stools Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Vomiting blood or coffee-ground like material </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Gastritis ? [/INST] Risk factors for Gastritis include:
Consuming excessive amounts of alcohol Consuming excessive amounts of caffeine Taking medications such as aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Smoking Stress Having an infection with bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Having a major surgery Traumatic injury, burns, or severe infections Having certain diseases, such as pernicious anemia, autoimmune disorders, and chronic bile reflux </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Gastritis ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of gastritis persist longer than 2 or 3 days. Call your healthcare provider if you have any of the following symptoms:
Blood vomiting or vomitus with yellow or green emesis Bloody or dark stools Unusual rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath Profuse sweating Fever associated with abdominal pain Pale complexion </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Gastritis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Most gastritis improves rapidly with treatment. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? [/INST] The main symptom of GERD in adults is frequent heartburn, also called acid indigestion—burning-type pain in the lower part of the mid-chest, behind the breast bone, and in the mid-abdomen. Most children under 12 years with GERD, and some adults, have GERD without heartburn. Instead, they may experience a dry cough, asthma symptoms, or trouble swallowing. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the causes of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? [/INST] The reason some people develop GERD is still unclear. However, research shows that in people with GERD, the LES relaxes while the rest of the esophagus is working. Anatomical abnormalities such as a hiatal hernia may also contribute to GERD. A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach and the LES move above the diaphragm, the muscle wall that separates the stomach from the chest. Normally, the diaphragm helps the LES keep acid from rising up into the esophagus. When a hiatal hernia is present, acid reflux can occur more easily. A hiatal hernia can occur in people of any age and is most often a normal finding in otherwise healthy people over age 50. Most of the time, a hiatal hernia produces no symptoms.
Other factors that may contribute to GERD include:
Obesity Pregnancy Smoking
Common foods that can worsen reflux symptoms include:
Citrus fruits Chocolate Drinks with caffeine or alcohol Fatty and fried foods Garlic and onions Mint flavorings Spicy foods Tomato-based foods, like spaghetti sauce, salsa, chili, and pizza. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at risk for Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? [/INST] Risk factors of GERD include:
Pregnancy Obesity Hiatal hernia Scleroderma Smoking Drinking a lot of alcohol Consuming drinks that contain caffiene Consuming the following foods:
Citrus fruits Chocolate Fatty and fried foods Garlic Onions Mint flavorings Spicy foods Tomato-based foods (spaghetti sauce, salsa, chili, and pizza)
Medications
Anticholinergics (e.g. for seasickness) Beta blockers for high blood pressure or heart disease Bronchodilators for asthma Calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure Dopamine-active drugs for Parkinson's disease Progestin for abnormal menstrual bleeding or birth control Sedatives for insomnia or anxiety Tricyclic antidepressants
If you suspect that one of your medications may be causing heartburn, talk to your doctor. Never change or stop medication you take regularly without talking to your doctor. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Gastroesophageal reflux disease ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if symptoms worsen or do not improve with lifestyle changes or medication.
Also call for any of the following symptoms:
Bleeding Choking (coughing, shortness of breath) Early satiety (feeling filled up quickly when eating) Frequent vomiting Hoarseness Loss of appetite Trouble swallowing (dysphagia) or pain with swallowing (odynophagia) Weight loss </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The majority of people respond to nonsurgical measures, with lifestyle changes and medications. However, many patients need to continue to take drugs to control their symptoms. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Gastrointestinal bleeding? [/INST] The amount of GI bleeding may be so small that it can only be detected on a lab test such as the fecal occult blood test. Other signs of GI bleeding include:
Dark, tarry stools Larger amounts of blood passed from the rectum Small amounts of blood in the toilet bowl, on toilet paper, or in streaks on stool (feces) Vomiting blood
Massive bleeding from the GI tract can be dangerous. However, even very small amounts of bleeding that occur over a long period of time can lead to problems such as anemia or low blood counts.
Once a bleeding site is found, many therapies are available to stop the bleeding or treat the cause. </s> |
<s>[INST] What causes Gastrointestinal bleeding? [/INST] GI bleeding may be due to conditions that are not serious, including:
Anal fissure Hemorrhoids
However, GI bleeding may also be a sign of more serious diseases and conditions, such as the following cancers of the GI tract:
Cancer of the colon Cancer of the small intestine Cancer of the stomach Intestinal polyps (a pre-cancerous condition)
Other possible causes of GI bleeding include:
Abnormal blood vessels in the lining of the intestines (also called angiodysplasias) Bleeding diverticulum, or diverticulosis Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis Esophageal varices Esophagitis Gastric (stomach) ulcer Intussusception (bowel telescoped on itself) Mallory-Weiss tear Meckel's diverticulum Radiation injury to the bowel </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Gastrointestinal bleeding ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your doctor if:
You have black, tarry stools (this may be a sign of GI bleeding) You have blood in your stool You vomit blood or you vomit material that looks like coffee grounds </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Gastrointestinal bleeding ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your doctor if:
You have black, tarry stools (this may be a sign of GI bleeding) You have blood in your stool You vomit blood or you vomit material that looks like coffee grounds </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Gastrointestinal stromal tumor? [/INST] Common symptoms of GIST include:
Blood (either bright red or very dark) in the stool or vomit. Pain in the abdomen, which may be severe. Feeling very tired. Trouble or pain when swallowing. Feeling full after only a little food is eaten. Sometimes GISTs are smaller than the eraser on top of a pencil. GIST tumors may be found during a procedure that is done for another reason, such as an x-ray or surgery. Some of these small tumors will not grow and cause signs or symptoms or spread to the abdomen or other parts of the body. Doctors do not agree on whether these small tumors should be removed or whether they should be watched to see if they begin to grow. </s> |
<s>[INST] What causes Gastrointestinal stromal tumor? [/INST] Genetic mutations are considered the most identifiable cause of GIST. Around 95% of these mutations are sporadic (isolated) with less than 5% occur as part of hereditary, familial, or idiopathic multi tumor syndromes. Common causes of GIST include mutation in proto-oncogenes such as c-Kit gene and PDGFRA gene. These proto-oncogenes control cell multiplication and mutations in them can lead to excessive and uncontrolled cell multiplication leading to tumor formation. In other cases where the patient do not exhibit the typical mutation in c-Kit and PDGFRA gene, mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) gene have been reported. Rare genes involved include mutation in BRAF kinase and protein kinase C. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Gastrointestinal stromal tumor ? [/INST] Age and genetic factors can increase the risk of having a GIST. Individuals in the age group of 50-80 years are believed to be at the highest risk. The risk of GIST is also increased in people with certain genetic syndromes such as Neurofibromatosis type 1, Carney-Stratakis syndrome and Familial gastrointestinal stromal tumor syndrome. In rare cases, GISTs can be found in several members of the same family. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Gastrointestinal stromal tumor ? [/INST] If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible.
Severe abdominal pain - The reason a person with GIST appears to have severe abdominal pain is mostly because of gastric wall perforation. This is the result of cancer invading and perforating the gastric wall. Surgical intervention needs to be done urgently. Vomiting a lot of blood- This is the result of the cancer invading the vessels of the gastric wall. An abundant amount of blood loss may lead to shock and death. </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following:
How quickly the cancer cells are growing and dividing. The size of the tumor. Where the tumor is in the body. Whether the tumor can be completely removed by surgery. Whether the tumor has spread to other parts of the body. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Gastroparesis? [/INST] Signs and symptoms of gastroparesis include:
Heartburn Pain in the upper abdomen Nausea Vomiting of undigested food—sometimes several hours after a meal Early feeling of fullness after only a few bites of food Weight loss due to poor absorption of nutrients or low calorie intake Abdominal bloating High and low blood glucose levels Lack of appetite Gastroesophageal reflux Spasms in the stomach area
Eating solid foods, high-fiber foods such as raw fruits and vegetables, fatty foods, or drinks high in fat or carbonation may contribute to these symptoms.
The symptoms of gastroparesis may be mild or severe, depending on the person. Symptoms can happen frequently in some people and less often in others. Many people with gastroparesis experience a wide range of symptoms, and sometimes the disorder is difficult for the physician to diagnose. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the causes of Gastroparesis? [/INST] The most common cause of gastroparesis is diabetes. People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called blood sugar, which in turn causes chemical changes in nerves and damages the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the nerves. Over time, high blood glucose can damage the vagus nerve.
Some other causes of gastroparesis are:
Surgery on the stomach or vagus nerve Viral infections Anorexia nervosa or bulimia Medications(anticholinergics and narcotics)that slow contractions in the intestine Gastroesophageal reflux disease Smooth muscle disorders, such as amyloidosis and scleroderma Nervous system diseases, including abdominal migraine and Parkinson’s disease Metabolic disorders, including hypothyroidism
Many people have what is called idiopathic gastroparesis, meaning the cause is unknown and cannot be found even after medical tests. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at risk for Gastroparesis? [/INST] Risk factors for gastroparesis include:
Diabetes Gastrectomy Systemic sclerosis Use of medication that inhibits certain nerve signals (anticholinergic medication) </s> |
<s>[INST] How to know you have Gastroparesis (Diagnosis)? [/INST] After performing a full physical exam and taking your medical history, your doctor may order several blood tests to check blood counts and chemical and electrolyte levels. To rule out an obstruction or other conditions, the doctor may perform the following tests:
Upper endoscopy. After giving you a sedative to help you become drowsy, the doctor passes a long, thin tube called an endoscope through your mouth and gently guides it down the throat, also called the esophagus, into the stomach. Through the endoscope, the doctor can look at the lining of the stomach to check for any abnormalities. Ultrasound. To rule out gallbladder disease and pancreatitis as sources of the problem, you may have an ultrasound test, which uses harmless sound waves to outline and define the shape of the gallbladder and pancreas. Barium x ray. After fasting for 12 hours, you will drink a thick liquid called barium, which coats the stomach, making it show up on the x ray. If you have diabetes, your doctor may have special instructions about fasting. Normally, the stomach will be empty of all food after 12 hours of fasting. Gastroparesis is likely if the x ray shows food in the stomach. Because a person with gastroparesis can sometimes have normal emptying, the doctor may repeat the test another day if gastroparesis is suspected.
Once other causes have been ruled out, the doctor will perform one of the following gastric emptying tests to confirm a diagnosis of gastroparesis.
Gastric emptying scintigraphy. This test involves eating a bland meal, such as eggs or egg substitute, that contains a small amount of a radioactive substance, called radioisotope, that shows up on scans. The dose of radiation from the radioisotope is not dangerous. The scan measures the rate of gastric emptying at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. When more than 10 percent of the meal is still in the stomach at 4 hours, the diagnosis of gastroparesis is confirmed. Breath test. After ingestion of a meal containing a small amount of isotope, breath samples are taken to measure the presence of the isotope in carbon dioxide, which is expelled when a person exhales. The results reveal how fast the stomach is emptying. SmartPill. Approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2006, the SmartPill is a small device in capsule form that can be swallowed.The device then moves through the digestive tract and collects information about its progress that is sent to a cell phone-sized receiver worn around your waist or neck. When the capsule is passed from the body with the stool in a couple of days, you take the receiver back to the doctor, who enters the information into a computer. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Glucagonoma? [/INST] Usual symptoms of glucagonoma involve a series of signs of hyperglucagonemia and hypoaminoacidemia:
Diarrhea
Excess thirst
Frequent urination and nighttime urination
Increased appetite
Inflamed mouth and tongue
Skin rash
Weight loss
Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Glucagonoma ? [/INST] The cause of glucagonoma is not clear. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Glucagonoma ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if symptoms of glucagonoma develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:
Severe diarrhea </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Glucagonoma (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Approximately 60% of these tumors are cancerous, therefore prognosis of glucagonoma depends on the following:
Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery
The stage of the tumor: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the pancreas
The patient’s general
Whether the tumor has just been diagnosed or has recurred </s> |
<s>[INST] What causes Heartburn? [/INST] Almost everyone has heartburn sometimes. If you have heartburn very often, you may have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Normally when food or liquid enters your stomach, a band of muscle at the end of your esophagus closes off the esophagus. This band is called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). If this band does not close tightly enough, contents from the stomach can back up (reflux) into the esophagus. This partly digested material can irritate the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.
Heartburn is more likely if you have a hiatal hernia. A hiatal hernia is when the top part of the stomach sticks up into the chest cavity. This weakens the LES and makes it easier for acid to back up from the stomach into the esophagus.
Pregnancy and many medications can bring on heartburn or make it worse. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Heartburn ? [/INST] Drugs that can cause heartburn include:
Anticholinergics (e.g., for sea sickness) Beta-blockers for high blood pressure or heart disease Calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure Dopamine -like drugs for Parkinson's disease Progestin for abnormal menstrual bleeding or birth control Sedatives for anxiety, or if you can't sleep (insomnia) Theophylline (for asthma or other lung diseases) Tricyclic antidepressants
If you think one of your medicines may be causing heartburn, talk to your doctor. NEVER change or stop taking medicine without talking to your doctor. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Heartburn ? [/INST] Get urgent medical care if:
You vomit material that is bloody or looks like coffee grounds Your stools are black (like tar) or maroon You have a burning feeling and a squeezing, crushing, or pressure in your chest. Sometimes people who think they have heartburn are having a heart attack
Call your doctor if:
You have heartburn often or it doesn't go away with a few weeks of self-care You lose weight that you didn't want to lose You have trouble swallowing (food feels stuck as it goes down) You have a cough or wheezing that does not go away Your symptoms get worse with antacids or H2 blockers You think one of your medicines may be causing heartburn. DO NOT change or stop taking your medicine on your own, without talking to your doctor first </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Heartburn (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Heartburn is usually easy to diagnose from the symptoms you describe to your doctor. Sometimes, heartburn can be confused with another stomach problem called dyspepsia. If the diagnosis is unclear, you may be sent to a doctor called a gastroenterologist for more testing.
First, your doctor will do a physical examination and ask questions about your heartburn, such as:
When did it begin? How long does each episode last? Is this the first time you have had heartburn? What do you usually eat at each meal? Before you feel heartburn, have you eaten a spicy or fatty meal? Do you drink a lot of coffee, other drinks with caffeine, or alcohol? Do you smoke? Do you wear clothing that is tight in the chest or belly? Do you also have pain in the chest, jaw, arm, or somewhere else? What medications are you taking? Are you vomiting blood or black material? Do you have blood in your stools? Do you have black, tarry stools? Are there other symptoms with your heartburn?
If you have not been able to improve your symptoms with home care, your doctor may prescribe medicine to reduce acid. These are stronger than over-the-counter medicines. Any sign of bleeding will need more testing and treatment. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Hematemesis? [/INST] Patients may experience the following symptoms:
Vomiting blood Nausea Abdominal pain Fatigue and weakness Sweat Dark colored, tar like stools Hypotension Shock
Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
Diseases with similar symptoms include:
Hemoptysis </s> |
<s>[INST] What causes Hematemesis? [/INST] Esophagus
Esophagitis Ulcer Mallory-Weiss tear Esophageal varices caused by cirrhosis
Stomach
Peptic ulcer Gastric erosions Gastritis Varices caused by cirrhosis Portal-hypertensive gastropathy Gastric cancer Polyp Dieulafoy lesion
Duodenum
Peptic ulcer Duodenitis Aortoenteric fistula Pancreatic pseudocyst Post- sphincterotomy
Liver disease
Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Hematemesis ? [/INST] Call your doctor or go to the emergency room if hematemesis occurs. This condition needs immediate medical evaluation. </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Hematemesis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis of hematemesis depends on:
The underlying cause of hematemsis The rate and extent of hemorrhage Patient's general status </s> |
<s>[INST] What causes Hemoptysis? [/INST] A number of conditions, diseases, and medical tests may make you cough up blood, including:
Blood clot in the lung Breathing blood into the lungs (pulmonary aspiration) Bronchoscopy with biopsy Bronchiectasis Bronchitis Cancer Cystic fibrosis Inflammation of the blood vessels in the lung (vasculitis) Injury to the arteries of the lungs Irritation of the throat from violent coughing (small amounts of blood) Pneumonia or other lung infections Pulmonary edema Systemic lupus erythematosus Tuberculosis </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Hemoptysis ? [/INST] Get medical help right away if you cough up blood and have:
A cough that produces more than a few teaspoons of blood Blood in your urine or stool Chest pain Dizziness Fever Light-headedness Severe shortness of breath </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma? [/INST] In its earliest stages, hepatocellular carcinoma does not cause any symptoms. When the tumors grow larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:
Abdominal pain and vague abdominal fullness: At first the location of the abdominal pain you are experiencing may be isolated on the upper-right part of your abdomen. It is usually relatively mild pain or no pain at all that is present with this life-threatening condition. With the development of cancer, abdominal pain is usually persistent. Abdominal lump: People cannot find any lump at the beginning of the disease. When the tumor begins to enlarge, the lump may be obvious in the abdominal region. Jaundice and itching: This is caused by hepatocellular necrosis and obstruction of bile in the bile ducts. Nausea and vomiting: Hepatocellular carcinoma disturbs the normal functions of digestion. Vomiting blood: This symptom is attributed to many factors such as dysfunction of the liver and spleen. Loss of appetite General decline in health Weakness or fatigue Fever
Infections or other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma? [/INST] There are some factors that may increase your risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. These risk factors include:
Chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C Cirrhosis Inherited metabolic diseases such as hemochromatosis, tyrosinemia, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda, glycogen storage diseases, and Wilson disease Diabetes Mellitus Aflatoxins Anabolic steroids Arsenic Vinyl chloride and thorium dioxide Obesity </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Hepatocellular carcinoma ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma develop. If one or more of the following symptoms emerge, seek medical care as soon as possible:
Sudden severe abdominal pain and a decrease in blood pressure: The reason a person with hepatocellular carcinoma has sudden severe abdominal pain is sometimes due to a ruptured carcinoma. This is the result of cancer developing very fast. Sometimes if the carcinoma invades the main vessel it results in a hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity and the patients may feel sudden abdominal pain. Vomiting a lot of blood: This is the result of complications such as dysfunction of the liver or synthetic blood coagulation factors and esophagogastric fundus vein rupture. An abundant amount of blood loss due to vomiting may lead to shock and even death. </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Hepatocellular carcinoma (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is poor and it depends on the following:
Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of cancer: the size of the tumor, whether cancer has spread outside the liver The patient’s general health Whether cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the causes of Hepatomegaly ? [/INST] The liver is involved in many of the body's functions. It is affected by many conditions that can cause hepatomegaly, including:
Alcohol use Congestive heart failure Glycogen storage disease Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatocellular carcinoma Hereditary fructose intolerance Infectious mononucleosis Leukemia Niemann-Pick disease Primary biliary cirrhosis Reye syndrome Sarcoidosis Sclerosing cholangitis Steatosis (fat in the liver from metabolic problems such as diabetes, obesity, and high triglycerides, also called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH) Tumor metastases </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Hepatomegaly ? [/INST] This condition is usually discovered by a health care provider. You may not be aware of the liver or spleen swelling. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Hepatorenal syndrome? [/INST] Abdominal swelling Change in mental status Confusion Delirium Dementia Coarse muscle movements, jerking Dark-colored urine Decreased urine production Nausea and vomiting Weight gain Yellow skin
Many other diseases of the kidney are associated with liver disease and must be excluded before making a diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome. They include the following:
Pre-renal failure: Pre-renal failure usually responds to treatment with intravenous fluids, resulting in reduction in serum creatinine and the excretion of sodium. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN): This can be difficult to confidently diagnose. It may be an inability to concentrate the urine, if any is being produced. The urine sediment should be bland, microscopy may show hyaline casts. ATN may recover with supportive treatment only or progress to end-stage renal failure. In cirrhosis, urinary sodium is not a reliable guide to the development of ATN, as fractional sodium excretion may stay below 1 percent, due to the gradual worsening of renal ischaemia. Other causes may include glomerular disease secondary to Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C, drug toxicity (notably gentamicin) or contrast nephropathy. </s> |
<s>[INST] What causes Hepatorenal syndrome? [/INST] Hepatorenal syndrome occurs when there is a decrease in kidney function in a person with a liver disorder. Because less urine is removed from the body, nitrogen-containing waste products build up in the bloodstream (azotemia). </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Hepatorenal syndrome ? [/INST] The disorder occurs in up to 10% of patients hospitalized with liver failure. It is caused by the built-up effects of liver damage and kidney failure in people with:
Acute liver failure Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis
Other risk factors include:
Blood pressure that falls when a person rises or suddenly changes position (orthostatic hypotension) Diuretic use Gastrointestinal bleeding Infection Recent abdominal paracentesis </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Hepatorenal syndrome ? [/INST] This disorder most often is diagnosed in the hospital during treatment for a liver disorder. </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Hepatorenal syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The predicted outcome is poor. Death usually occurs as a result of secondary infections or hemorrhage. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer? [/INST] Early colorectal cancer does not make any symptoms. When the cancer grows larger, people with colorectal cancer may experience the following symptoms.
Changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of the stool that lasts for more than a few days
Cramping, abdominal pain and abdominal distention
Rectal bleeding, dark stools, or blood in the stool
Weakness and fatigue
Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer ? [/INST] There are some factors may increase the risk of acquiring the colorectal cancer potentially. These risk factors are outlined in the table below:
Colorectal polyps: Person with a history of adenomatous polyps (adenomas) is at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer, especially with large or many of them.
Inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: Clinical surveys has show the close relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
Family history of colorectal cancer: The reasons are not clear in all cases. Inherited genes, shared environmental factors and some combination of these may contribute to the development of colorectal cancer.
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): FAP is caused by changes (mutations) in the APC gene that a person inherits from his or her parents. About 1% of all colorectal cancers are due to FAP.
Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC): Clinical survey suggest that the lifetime risk of colorectal cancer in people with this condition may be as high as 70% to 80%.
Turcot syndrome: This is a rare inherited condition in which people are at increased risk of adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer.
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: People with this syndrome are at greatly increased risk for multiple kind of cancer besides colorectal cancer.
Type 2 diabetes: Clinical data show that people with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Lifestyle-related factors such as diets high in red meats and poor in vegetables and fruits, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol abuse, obesity and so on.
Racial and ethnic background: Among all racial groups in the United States, African Americans have the highest incidence and mortality rates to develope colorectal cancer. The reason is not yet clear.
Age: Both youth and aged can develop colorectal cancer. But the chances increase markedly after age 50. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if symptoms of colorectal cancer develop. If one emerges the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:
Severe abdominal pain, severe abdominal distension, and stopping defecation: The reason of a person with colorectal cancer appears these symptoms is mostly because of intestinal obstruction caused by lumps. This is the results of lumps growth on rectum wall. A surgery will be done urgently.
Defecation with a lot of blood: This is the result of cancer invading the vessels of rectum or colon walls. An abundant of blood loss may lead to shock and death. You need to go to hospital as soon as possible. </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis of colorectal cancer varies widely. For patients whose tumor is caught early may often be curable. It depends on the following:
The size of the tumor
Location of the tumor in the colrectal
Whether the cancer has distant spread
Patients's general health
Whether cancer remains after initial treatment or has recurred </s> |
<s>[INST] How do I know if I have hereditary pancreatitis and what are the symptoms of hereditary pancreatitis? [/INST] Patients with hereditary pancreatitis may experience the following symptoms:
Chronic abdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea and vomiting Weight loss and malnutrition Indigestion and high level of fat in stool Diabetes
Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at risk for hereditary pancreatitis? [/INST] Studies demonstrate that cationic trypsinogen gene mutations are associated with hereditary pancreatitis. The major mutations are known as cationic trypsinogen "R122H", "N29I". Further more, hereditary pancreatitis has also been linked to an increased lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer. </s> |
<s>[INST] How to know you have hereditary pancreatitis? [/INST] Genetic testing: The diagnosis of hereditary pancreatitis by genetic testing can be a valuable tool. Hereditary pancreatitis is a progressive disease with a high risk of permanent problems. Blood tests: Patients with hereditary pancreatitis may be detected high level of amylase and lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides. Images: Images, such as ultrasound, CT scan and MRI, may show severe scarring of the pancreas. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Hereditary pancreatitis ? [/INST] Follow your physician's suggested diet, prescribed medications, and other medical orders. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:
Severe abdominal pain Severe diarrhea or vomiting </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Hereditary pancreatitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] As a chronic disease, the effects of hereditary Pancreatitis may last for months or years. Epidemiological data show hereditary pancreatitis has also been linked to an increased lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer, which is the 4th most leading cause of cancer deaths among Americans. </s> |
<s>[INST] What are the Symptoms of Hypopharyngeal cancer? [/INST] A Sore throat that doesn't go away A Lump in the neck Pain or ringing in the ears Trouble swallowing Ear pain Change in the voice </s> |
<s>[INST] What Causes Hypopharyngeal cancer? [/INST] People who smoke or use tobacco are at risk of developing throat cancer. Excessive alcohol use also increases risk. Smoking and drinking alcohol combined lead to an increased risk for throat cancers. </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Hypopharyngeal cancer ? [/INST] Most cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50. Men are more likely than women to develop throat cancers. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Hypopharyngeal cancer ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if:
You have symptoms of throat cancer, especially hoarseness or a change in voice with no obvious cause that lasts longer than 3 weeks. You find a lump in your neck that does not go away in 2 - 3 weeks. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Hypopharyngeal cancer ? [/INST] Medical care for hypopharyngeal cancer can be found here. </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Hypopharyngeal cancer (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The outlook for people with hypopharyngeal cancer varies by the stage (extent) of the cancer – in general, the survival rates are higher for people with earlier stage cancer. Many other factors such as a person's age, overall health, location of the cancer in the body, and the cancer response to treatment can also affect a person’s outlook. The outlook for each person is specific to their circumstances. Throat cancers may be cured in most patients if they are detected early. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, some patients may be cured. If the cancer has spread (metastasized) to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life. Patients generally need therapy to help with speech and swallowing after the treatment. If the person is not able to swallow, a feeding tube will be needed. The recurrence risk in throat cancer is highest during the first 2 to 3 years of diagnosis. Regular follow-up after the diagnosis and treatment is very important to increase the chances of survival. </s> |
<s>[INST] How do I know if my baby has imperforate anus and what are the symptoms of imperforate anus? [/INST] Anal opening very near the vaginal opening in girls Missing or misplaced opening to the anus No passage of first stool within 24 - 48 hours after birth Stool passes out of the vagina, base of penis, scrotum, or urethra Swollen belly area </s> |
<s>[INST] Who is at risk for imperforate anus? [/INST] The cause of imperforate anus is not clear. Many forms of imperforate anus are associated with other birth defects. It is a relatively common condition that occurs in about 1 out of 5,000 infants. </s> |
<s>[INST] How to know your baby has imperforate anus? [/INST] Physical exam: A doctor can diagnose this condition during a physical exam. A fistula, an abnormal connection or opening between the intestine and bladder, suggest the existence imperforate anus. And, if stool is excreted through the urine or from the vagina, imperforate anus would be suspected. Images: Images such as x-ray, ultrasound. CT, or MRI may be recommended to diagnose children with any form of anorectal malformation. </s> |
<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Imperforate anus ? [/INST] This disorder is usually discovered when the newborn infant is first examined. Call your baby's health care provider if the child that was treated for imperforate anus has abdominal pain or fails to develop any bowel control by the age of 3. </s> |
<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Imperforate anus (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] With treatment, the outcome of imperforate anus is usually good. The prognosis depends on primary fecal continence. </s> |
Subsets and Splits