.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":292,"top":782,"width":14,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"15","type":"Page footer"},{"left":100,"top":75,"width":426,"height":52,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"utama keberhasilan dalam suatu lembaga tertentu. Terkhusus pada lembaga penyiar atau yang biasa dikenal dengan radio, harus memanfaatkan teknologi agar dapat menyampaikan informasi dengan cepat.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":137,"width":427,"height":115,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Seiring dengan kemajuan dalam bidang komunikasi dan informasi, media massa terus berkembang dengan pesat. Dunia modern sangat bergantung pada informasi yang cepat, aktual, dan dapat diandalkan. Radio atau lembaga penyiaran adalah media yang dapat menyampaikan informasi dengan cepat dan didukung oleh teknologi 2 . Teknologi inilah yang terus berkembang pesat seiring waktu berjalan. Dan terus ada saja perubahan yang pada akhirnya lembaga-lembaga penyiaran harus mampu mengikuti arusnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":261,"width":426,"height":198,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Di abad ke-21 telah menjadi periode perubahan besar bagi bentuk media tradisional termasuk radio. Digitalisasi media massa, perangkat media digital dan platform sosial yang ada dimana-mana, audiens modern memiliki berbagai kemungkinan komunikasi di ujung jari mereka. Dengan menyatu pada media sosial menjadi salah satu strategi yang harus dikembangkan dan diperluas radio untuk menjangkau konten dan menyebarkan konten mereka ke audiens. Radio juga mengadopsi sejumlah layanan interaktif dan sesuai permintaan yang menyediakan penawaran multimedia yang memungkinkan pengguna mengonsumsi konten media dimanapun dan kapan pun mereka mau 3 . Dan hal itu yang membuat Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sadar akan pentingnya pengaksesan media sosial.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":468,"width":426,"height":177,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sehingga stasiun radio ini menjadikan digital marketing sebagai salah satu strategi pemasarannya sebagai peningkatan pendengar lembaga penyiar ini. Dengan menggunakan platform Tiktok sebagai media penyaluran konten-konten mereka. Pada penggunaan strategi ini, diharapkan para pendengar muda memiliki preferensi yang berbeda dalam hal media hiburan dan konsumsi konten. Karena mau gimanapun juga anak muda sekarang ini cenderung lebih terhubung dengan teknologi digital dan lebih memilih media sosial sebagai sumber informasi dan hiburan utama mereka. Meskipun demikian, radio masih memiliki potensi besar untuk menjangkau dan mempengaruhi pendengar muda, terutama melalui strategi pemasaran yang inovatif dan relevan.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":655,"width":426,"height":31,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam kota Medan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, terdapat populasi penduduk muda yang signifikan. Ini terbukti dari data arsip Pemerintah Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":725,"width":390,"height":22,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2 Miftahul Huda and Viro Dharma Saputra, ‘Strategi Komunikasi Radio Citra FM Kendal Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Pendengar Pendahuluan’, 1.02 (2021), 97–113.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":100,"top":748,"width":409,"height":22,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3 Daithí Mcmahon, ‘Memories of Our Youth : The Viral Spread of Radio Station Facebook Posts’, 15 (2020), 53–67.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":292,"top":782,"width":14,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"16","type":"Page footer"},{"left":100,"top":75,"width":427,"height":114,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"bahwa struktur penduduk di Kota Medan yang berusia produktif secara ekonomis sebesar 69,54% 4 . Sebagai pusat ekonomi dan budaya di wilayah tersebut, kota Medan menawarkan berbagai kesempatan bagi Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM untuk memperluas pangsa pasar dan menjangkau pendengar muda yang berpotensial. Strategi pemasaran yang efetkif dapat membantu stasiun radio ini memperkuat kehadirannya di antara persaingan yang semakin ketat dalam industri media saat ini.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":199,"width":426,"height":115,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penulis melakukan penelitian selama 1 bulan terhitung dari tanggal 16 Januari s/d 16 Febuari di Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sebagai tempat magang penulis yang beralamat di Jl. Iskandar Muda No. 117A, Sei Sikambing D, Kec. Medan Petisah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah stategi pemasaran secara digitalisasi ini dapat meningkatkan pendengar muda melalui media sosial yaitu Tiktok.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":344,"width":167,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"METODOLOGI PENELITIAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":100,"top":365,"width":426,"height":114,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian ini dilakukan di Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sebagai tempat magang penulis, yang beralamat di Jl. Iskandar Muda No. 117A, Sei Sikambing D, Kec. Medan Petisah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan terhitung sejak 16 Januari s/d 16 Febuari. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan penelitian kualitattif untuk mengetahui strategi pemasaran Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM dalam meningkatkan pendengar muda melalui media sosial yaitu Tiktok.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":489,"width":426,"height":73,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian kualitatif menurut David dan William (1995) dilakukan dengan latar dan metode yang alamiah oleh orang yang mempunyai perhatian yang alamiah. Latar alamiah dimaksudkan untuk memahami dan menafsirkan fenomena yang terjadi dalam suatu konteks khusus yang melibatkan berbagai metode yang ada 5 .","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":572,"width":426,"height":114,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jenis pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah deskriptif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran maupun penjelasan terhadap suatu karakteristik suatu fenomena yang diteliti. Di dalam artikel ini fenomena yang terjadi adalah perkembangan jaman yang membuat Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM harus mengikuti arus yang terus berkembang untuk dapat meningkatkan pendengar muda menggunakan strategi digital marketing dengan media Tiktok.","type":"Text"},{"left":136,"top":696,"width":390,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah studi kasus dengan","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":737,"width":307,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4 Anonym, ‘Arsip Daerah Kota Medan Provinsi Sumatera Utara’, 2023 .","type":"Footnote"},{"left":100,"top":760,"width":214,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5 Amtai Alaslan, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif , 2021.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":292,"top":782,"width":14,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"17","type":"Page footer"},{"left":100,"top":75,"width":426,"height":52,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"mengambil kasus media sosial pada Tiktok yang dilakukan penulis untuk pengambilan datanya. Akun Tiktok Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sendiri dipegan oleh penulis sendiri dengan menganalsis melalui data analisis langsung dari Tiktok.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":158,"width":158,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":100,"top":178,"width":426,"height":198,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM berawal dari ajang penyaluran hobi musik anak-anak muda kota Medan, lahirlah Radio Kardopa pada tanggal 3 Maret 1973. Saat itu radio hanya digunakan sebagai ajang penyaluran bakat musik anak-anak muda di Kota Medan dan masih dikelola secara amatiran. Sejalan dengan perkembangan dunia broadcast, Radio Kardopa sedikit demi sedikit berkembang menjadi radio komersial. Menyadari hal ini management pun berbenah untuk membentuk suatu badan radio yang lebih profesional dan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan uang melalui penyiaran iklan. Eksis dan ekslusif digelombang kanal AM 1017 kemudian hijrah ke kanal frekuensi 99.5 FM dan sekarang ke kanal frekuensi 99.4 FM adalah tuntutan dari pendengar untuk menyesuaikan perkembangan dunia broadcast yang semakin canggih.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":385,"width":426,"height":156,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Selama masa jayanya yang bahkan sudah 50 tahun ini, Radio Kardopa menjadi bagian dari sejarah dunia broadcast di Kota Medan bahkan sampai seluruh Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Lembaga ini terus mencoba melakukan yang terbaik demi terbentuknya karakter, mempertahankan budaya, jati diri anak bangsa, hiburan yang sehat dan mendidik melalui informasi yang mereka siarkan setiap harinya. Radio Kardopa memilih segmen menegah kebawah sampai menengah kebawah ke atas di setiap daerah yang ada di Kota Medan. Segmen ini bukan tanpa alasan, tetapi agar Kardopa 99.4 FM dapat terus meningkatkan pendengarnya dari tahun ke tahun.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":549,"width":426,"height":179,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM memiliki slogan “Berani Tampil Beda” yang memperlihatkan bahwa radio ini bisa terus tetap eksis dengan efesiensi, kreatifitas, maupun inovtifatif yang terus berkembang. Lembaga ini memiliki maksud dan tujuan khusus, yaitu memberikan informasi secara kebudayaan yang ada di Provisnis Sumatera Utara dan hiburan yang mampu mengembangkan potensi yang maju baik itu tatanan kehidupan masyarakat yang adil, makmur, dan sejahtera, menjadi media bisnis yang profesional, sebagai perekat serta kontrol sosial terpercaya, dan menjadi media pemasang iklan, serta sebagai media radio yang mengedepankan kepentingan lokal dalam rangka menuang optimalisasi seutuhnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":737,"width":426,"height":32,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Setiap media radio pastinya punya program unggulan untuk dapat meningkatkan minat pendengarnya. Ada tiga program unggulan Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM yaitu","type":"Text"},{"left":292,"top":782,"width":14,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"18","type":"Page footer"},{"left":100,"top":75,"width":426,"height":177,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tembang Kenangan, Sex Today, dan Varia Wanita. Pada Program Sex Today dan Varia Wanita bisa didengarkan setiap Senin-Jum’at dan Minggu. Sedangkan untuk program Tembang Kenangan hadir disetiap hari Rabu-Kamis di jam 12.30 sampai dengan 13.30 WIB. Program seperti Sex Today dan Varia Wanita dibuat oleh Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM karena masih banyak orang yang belum memahami akan pentingnya sex education dan mental health dan bisa dilihat maupun didengar masyarakat Medan yang bingung untuk membicarakan masalah tersebut kepada siapa. Beda lagi dengan Tembang Kenangan, program ini dibuat agar masyarakat Medan bisa terus berpegang teguh dengan budaya- budaya yang ada, dan bisa mengenang masa-masa muda mereka.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":261,"width":426,"height":135,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Media radio ini memiliki target untuk meningkatkan pendengar tekhusus pendengar muda yaitu kaum Milenial dan Gen Z. Ini menjadi salah satu tantangan mereka untuk bisa tetap beroperasi maupun berjaya seiring waktu berjalan. Namun, mereka tidak bisa hanya fokus pada sistem tradisional yaitu frekuensi radio, karena yang mendengarkan sistem tradisional ini adalah para kaum lansia yang sudah berusia 35-70 tahun. Secara usia yang tengah produktif dipegang oleh kaum Milenial dan Gen Z secara ekonomis.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":406,"width":426,"height":94,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Oleh karena itu, mereka memenuhi targettingnya sampai kemanca negara melalui radio streaming, dan program “Membangun Generasi Cerdas” dan media sosial. Pada radio streaming yang sudah dibuat pada tahun 2020 ini bisa kita dengarkan melalui website mereka yaitu https://kardopafm.co.id/streaming.php sehingga dimanapun kita berada akan selalu dapat mendengarkan radio kesayagan kita.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":507,"width":426,"height":262,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Strategi program “Membangun Generasi Cerdas” merupakan program acara talkshow mereka yang juga bekerjasama dengan DPRD Sumut yang hadir untuk mahasiswa/i di Kota Medan. Pada acara ini menghadiri para petinggi politikus yang paham akan materi yang disampaikan pada acara tersebut, bukan hanya itu saja aktivis terkemuka kampus pun juga dihadirkan. Dengan acara ini, dihrapkan mahasiswa/i di Kota Medan mendapatkan wawasan yang luas dan pastinya untuk meningkatkan pendengar muda Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM. Acara ini sudah berjalan dari tahun 2021 sampai sekarang, serta dilaksanakan setiap 1 (satu) bulan sekali. Acara ini menggunakan strategi Tour to University, Jadi mereka akan tour ke universitas-universitas di Kota Medan dengan waktu yang sudah ditetapkan. Membangun Generasi Cerdas sudah ke Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara (UINSU), Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED), Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera (UMSU), dan Universitas lainnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":292,"top":782,"width":14,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"19","type":"Page footer"},{"left":100,"top":75,"width":426,"height":259,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Untuk semakin meningkatkan pendengarnya, terkhusus kaum milenial atau para muda-mudi, Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM juga membuat beberapa media sosial seperti Facebook, Youtube, Instagram, dan Tiktok. Namun yang akan diheadline penulis pada penelitian ini adalah Tiktok. Karena penulis magang di lembaga radio tersebut sebagai Content Creator Tiktok divisi Kardopa Digital. Akun Tiktok @radiokardopa.kdigi ini dibuat pada tanggal 24 Januari 2023 dengan Niche Radio. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengikuti trend kaum milenial dan Gen Z. Secara Tiktok merupakan media sosial yang populer di dunia dan paling banyak digandrongi oleh anak-anak muda. Hal ini terbukti dari laporan Business of Apps, pengguna Tiktok di dunia sebesar 35% untuk kelompok usia 20-29 tahun, kemudian pengguna di usia 10-19 tahun sebesar 28%. 6 . Dan untuk Indonesia sendiri berdasrkan data We Are Social, pengguna Titik sudah mencapai 1,05 miliar pada Januari 2023. 7 . Inilah yang membuat Radio Kardopa untuk membuat akun Tiktok.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":344,"width":426,"height":135,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pembuatan akun Tiktok ini juga digunakan bukan hanya sebagai mengikuti trend belaka, tetapi juga untuk mengikuti perkembangan zaman sehingga para kaum muda memiliki ketertarikan untuk mendengar. Karena seperti yang sudah penulis jelaskan diatas, bahwa diawal Radio ini masih menggunakan sistem tradisional. Sehingga, hal inilah yang menjadi awal perubahan Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM untuk beralih melihat bahwa banyak kaum muda-mudi juga membutuhkan informasi diera teknologi seperti ini.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":489,"width":426,"height":73,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Terbilang dari tanggal 27 Januari sampai dengan 16 Febuari akun @radiokardopa.kdigi sudah mendapatkan 300 followers dalam jangka waktu selama 21 hari. Dengan video view 21K, profile views 97, likes 4.2884, Comments 18, dan unique views 17k. Ini bisa dilihat dari data Key Metric Tiktok dibawah ini.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":714,"width":410,"height":33,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"6 Vika Azkiya Dihni, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Mayoritas Berusia Muda, Ini Rinciannya’, 2022 .","type":"Footnote"},{"left":72,"top":748,"width":377,"height":22,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"7 Monavia Ayu Rizaty, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Indonesia Terbesar Kedua Di Dunia’, 2022 .","type":"Footnote"},{"left":292,"top":782,"width":14,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"20","type":"Page footer"},{"left":240,"top":94,"width":136,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 1. Data Key Metrics","type":"Section header"},{"left":202,"top":543,"width":231,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sumber: Akun Tiktok @radiokardopa.kdigi","type":"Text"},{"left":219,"top":632,"width":178,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 2. Data Followers Insight","type":"Caption"},{"left":292,"top":782,"width":14,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"21","type":"Page footer"},{"left":202,"top":300,"width":231,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sumber: Akun Tiktok @radiokardopa.kdigi","type":"Section header"},{"left":100,"top":328,"width":426,"height":135,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan analisis yang peneliti lakukan terbukti bahwa dengan adanya Tiktok dapat membawa perubahan bagi Kardopa yang awalnya berfokus pada pendengar yang berumur direntan 40-60 tahun, beralih kependengar yang berusia 18-34 tahun. Dengan hal ini Tiktok juga menjadi sebuah strategi marketing yang sangat akurat bagi Kardopa untuk meningkatkan pendengan yang masih berusia muda, karena seperti yang diketahui umunya anak muda sekarang sangat berpengaruh terhadap suatu teknologi terkhusus pada informasi yang berkembang seperti Tiktok.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":493,"width":84,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"KESIMPULAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":100,"top":514,"width":426,"height":94,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Radio Kardopa sudah berdiri dari tahun 1973 sampai dengan tahun ini. Berawal dari ajang penyaluran bakat musik anak muda di Kota Medan bekembang menjadi radio komersial. Radio ini juga sudah memenuhi keinginan pendengarnya sampai kemanca Negara melalui radio streaming dan media sosial, sehingga dimanapun mereka berada akan selalu dapat mendengarkan radio kesayagan mereka.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":618,"width":426,"height":135,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Untuk meningkatkan pendengarnya lembaga penyiar ini sudah mengevalusi terkait strategi yang digunakan. Adapun strategi yang mereka gunakan untuk meningkatkan pendengar muda adalah Radio Streaming, Program Acara “Membangun Generasi Cerdas” dan pembuatan platform media sosial. Namun pada penelitia ini penulis meng-headline Tiktok sebagai platform media sosial. Dimana lembaga penyiar ini yaitu radio Kardopa sendiri sudah memiliki akun Tiktok yang bertujuan untuk manaikkan pendengar yaitu kaum muda-mudi atau milenial dan gen-z. hal ini dilakukan","type":"Text"},{"left":292,"top":782,"width":14,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"22","type":"Page footer"},{"left":100,"top":75,"width":426,"height":94,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"karena radio Kardopa mengetahui betul bahwa informasi bukan hanya milik golongan tertentu akan tetapi milik semua golongan termasuk kaum muda-mudi tersebut. Dapat dilihat dari data followers insight yang banyak mengikuti akun @radiokardopa.kdigi adalah umur 25-34 sebesar 39.0% dan umur 18-24 sebesar 32.0%. Jelas bahwa target yang ingin dicapai sudah terlaksanakan selama penulis magang ditempat ini.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":199,"width":113,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"DAFTAR PUSTAKA","type":"Section header"},{"left":98,"top":220,"width":249,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Alaslan, Amtai, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif , 2021","type":"Text"},{"left":98,"top":238,"width":429,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Anonym, ‘Arsip Daerah Kota Medan Provinsi Sumatera Utara’, 2023","type":"Text"},{"left":122,"top":261,"width":366,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"","type":"List item"},{"left":98,"top":282,"width":428,"height":52,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dihni, Vika Azkiya, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Mayoritas Berusia Muda, Ini Rinciannya’, 2022 ","type":"Text"},{"left":98,"top":342,"width":429,"height":33,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Huda, Miftahul, and Viro Dharma Saputra, ‘Strategi Komunikasi Radio Citra FM Kendal Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Pendengar Pendahuluan’, 1.02 (2021), 97–113","type":"List item"},{"left":98,"top":383,"width":428,"height":34,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Mcmahon, Daithí, ‘Memories of Our Youth : The Viral Spread of Radio Station Facebook Posts’, 15 (2020), 53–67","type":"List item"},{"left":98,"top":424,"width":429,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rizaty, Monavia Ayu, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Indonesia Terbesar Kedua Di Dunia’, 2022","type":"Text"},{"left":122,"top":448,"width":399,"height":31,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"","type":"List item"},{"left":98,"top":487,"width":428,"height":54,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"———, ‘Populasi ASEAN Capai 679,7 Juta Pada 2023, Indonesia Terbanyak’, DataIndonesia.Id , 2023 ","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 292,\n \"top\": 782,\n \"width\": 14,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"13\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 210,\n \"top\": 74,\n \"width\": 316,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cakrawala: Jurnal Kajian Studi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam dan Studi Sosial Vol. 7 No.1. 2023 ISSN: 2580-9385 (P) ISSN: 2581-0197 (E)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 278,\n \"top\": 118,\n \"width\": 246,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DOI: https://doi.org/10.33507/cakrawala.v7i1.1165\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 158,\n \"width\": 393,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Strategi Pemasaran Radio Kardopa dalam Meningkatkan Minat Pendengar Muda di Kota Medan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara Sri Rahmadani, M.M 1 , Bunayyati Hakimah S. Meliala 2\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 205,\n \"top\": 220,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 154,\n \"top\": 248,\n \"width\": 288,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Email : sriramadhani594@gmail.com 1 , unabunaa170501@gmail.com 2\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 289,\n \"top\": 310,\n \"width\": 48,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Abstract\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 331,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 273,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Technological advances have recently become the concern of all human beings, especially with this broadcasting institution, Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM. One of the things that must be able to compete with the development of an era that is increasingly rapid in its growth is technology. Initially, this radio only distributed information in a traditional way, such as through accessing only FM transmitters. Which in this day and age is considered old-fashioned and less effective because not everyone is interested in listening to radio on a frequency transmitter. So a live streaming radio and social media platform was created to convey information. On this occasion, the author uses a digitalized marketing strategy using access to social media as an information distribution strategy. So wherever they are they will always be able to listen to their favorite radio. To increase its audience, the broadcaster has evaluated the strategy used. Where this broadcasting institution, namely Kardopa Radio itself, already has a Tiktok account which aims to increase listeners, namely young people or millennials and gen-z. This is done because Kardopa Radio knows very well that information does not only belong to certain groups, but belongs to all groups, including the young people. It can be seen from the follower insight data that many follow the @radiokardopa.kdigi account, the age of 25-34 is 39.0% and the age of 18-24 is 32.0%. It is clear that the target to be achieved has been accomplished during the author's internship at this place. In this study the authors used a qualitative method with a descriptive case study approach, this aims to increase the interest of young listeners and is designed through an effective approach.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 620,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keywords : Marketing Strategy, Tiktok, Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM, and Information Strategy\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 292,\n \"top\": 782,\n \"width\": 14,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"14\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 291,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 45,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Abstrak\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 96,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 300,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kemajuan teknologi akhir-akhir ini menjadi salah satu perhatian semua insan, apalagi dengan lembaga penyiaran ini yaitu Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM. Yang harus dapat bersaing dengan perkembangan jaman yang semakin pesat dalam pertumbuhannya salah satu adalah teknologi. Awalnya radio ini hanya menyalurkan informasi dengan cara tradisional seperti melalui pengaksesan pancar FM saja. Yang dimana di jaman sekarang hal itu sudah dianggap kuno dan kurang efektif karena tidak semua orang tertarik lagi mendengar radio di pemancar frekuensi. Sehingga dibuatlah radio live streaming dan platform media sosial untuk menyampaikan informasi. Pada kesempatan kali ini, penulis menggunakan startegi pemasaran secara digitalisasi menggunakan pengaksesan sosial media sebagai strategi penyaluran informasi. Sehingga dimanapun mereka berada akan selalu dapat mendengarkan radio kesayagan mereka. Untuk meningkatkan pendengarnya lembaga penyiar ini sudah mengevalusi terkait strategi yang digunakan. Dimana lemabaga penyiar ini yaitu radio Kardopa sendiri sudah memiliki akun Tiktok yang bertujuan untuk manaikkan pendengar yaitu kaum muda-mudi atau milenial dan gen-z. hal ini dilakukan karena radio Kardopa mengetahui betul bahwa informasi bukan hanya milik golongan tertentu akan tetapi milik semua golongan termasuk kaum muda-mudi tersebut. Dapat dilihat dari data followers insight yang banyak mengikuti akun @radiokardopa.kdigi adalah umur 25-34 sebesar 39.0% dan umur 18-24 sebesar 32.0%. Jelas bahwa target yang ingin dicapai sudah terlaksanakan selama penulis magang ditempat ini. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus deskriptif, hal ini bertujuan agar dapat meningkatkan minat pendengar muda dan dirancang melalui pendekatan yang efektif.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 413,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kata Kunci : Strategi Pemasaran, Tiktok, Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM, dan Strategi Informasi\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 482,\n \"width\": 96,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PENDAHULUAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 503,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 197,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kemajuan teknologi akhir-akhir ini menjadi perhatian semua insan, terutama lembaga-lembaga tertentu, sehingga mendorong untuk melakukan perubahan dalam berbaagai aspek seperti informasi. Dengan banyaknya populasi masyarakat Indonesia. Berdasarkan laporan Dana Moneter Internasional (IMF), menyebutkan bahwa Indonesia sendiri merupakan negara tertinggi dengan jumlah penduduk di Asia Tenggara yakni dengan jumlah sebesar 277,43 juta jiwa atau setara dengan 40,8% pada tahun 2023. 1 Data ini menunjukkan bahwa kemajuan informasi sangat di era kemajuan teknologi sekarang ini harus lebih diperkuat agar masyarakat dapat mengetahui informasi yang disajikan oleh lembaga-lembaga tertentu, baik dalam hal marketing, kesehatan, maupun yang lainya. Tidak hanya itu informasi yang cepat, aktual, serta dapat dandalkan menjadi kunci\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 737,\n \"width\": 380,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1 Monavia Ayu Rizaty, ‘Populasi ASEAN Capai 679,7 Juta Pada 2023, Indonesia Terbanyak’,\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 750,\n \"width\": 422,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DataIndonesia.Id , 2023 .\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 292,\n \"top\": 782,\n \"width\": 14,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"15\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"utama keberhasilan dalam suatu lembaga tertentu. Terkhusus pada lembaga penyiar atau yang biasa dikenal dengan radio, harus memanfaatkan teknologi agar dapat menyampaikan informasi dengan cepat.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 137,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Seiring dengan kemajuan dalam bidang komunikasi dan informasi, media massa terus berkembang dengan pesat. Dunia modern sangat bergantung pada informasi yang cepat, aktual, dan dapat diandalkan. Radio atau lembaga penyiaran adalah media yang dapat menyampaikan informasi dengan cepat dan didukung oleh teknologi 2 . Teknologi inilah yang terus berkembang pesat seiring waktu berjalan. Dan terus ada saja perubahan yang pada akhirnya lembaga-lembaga penyiaran harus mampu mengikuti arusnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 261,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 198,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Di abad ke-21 telah menjadi periode perubahan besar bagi bentuk media tradisional termasuk radio. Digitalisasi media massa, perangkat media digital dan platform sosial yang ada dimana-mana, audiens modern memiliki berbagai kemungkinan komunikasi di ujung jari mereka. Dengan menyatu pada media sosial menjadi salah satu strategi yang harus dikembangkan dan diperluas radio untuk menjangkau konten dan menyebarkan konten mereka ke audiens. Radio juga mengadopsi sejumlah layanan interaktif dan sesuai permintaan yang menyediakan penawaran multimedia yang memungkinkan pengguna mengonsumsi konten media dimanapun dan kapan pun mereka mau 3 . Dan hal itu yang membuat Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sadar akan pentingnya pengaksesan media sosial.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 468,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 177,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sehingga stasiun radio ini menjadikan digital marketing sebagai salah satu strategi pemasarannya sebagai peningkatan pendengar lembaga penyiar ini. Dengan menggunakan platform Tiktok sebagai media penyaluran konten-konten mereka. Pada penggunaan strategi ini, diharapkan para pendengar muda memiliki preferensi yang berbeda dalam hal media hiburan dan konsumsi konten. Karena mau gimanapun juga anak muda sekarang ini cenderung lebih terhubung dengan teknologi digital dan lebih memilih media sosial sebagai sumber informasi dan hiburan utama mereka. Meskipun demikian, radio masih memiliki potensi besar untuk menjangkau dan mempengaruhi pendengar muda, terutama melalui strategi pemasaran yang inovatif dan relevan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 655,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam kota Medan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, terdapat populasi penduduk muda yang signifikan. Ini terbukti dari data arsip Pemerintah Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 725,\n \"width\": 390,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2 Miftahul Huda and Viro Dharma Saputra, ‘Strategi Komunikasi Radio Citra FM Kendal Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Pendengar Pendahuluan’, 1.02 (2021), 97–113.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 748,\n \"width\": 409,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3 Daithí Mcmahon, ‘Memories of Our Youth : The Viral Spread of Radio Station Facebook Posts’, 15 (2020), 53–67.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 292,\n \"top\": 782,\n \"width\": 14,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"16\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 114,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"bahwa struktur penduduk di Kota Medan yang berusia produktif secara ekonomis sebesar 69,54% 4 . Sebagai pusat ekonomi dan budaya di wilayah tersebut, kota Medan menawarkan berbagai kesempatan bagi Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM untuk memperluas pangsa pasar dan menjangkau pendengar muda yang berpotensial. Strategi pemasaran yang efetkif dapat membantu stasiun radio ini memperkuat kehadirannya di antara persaingan yang semakin ketat dalam industri media saat ini.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 199,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penulis melakukan penelitian selama 1 bulan terhitung dari tanggal 16 Januari s/d 16 Febuari di Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sebagai tempat magang penulis yang beralamat di Jl. Iskandar Muda No. 117A, Sei Sikambing D, Kec. Medan Petisah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah stategi pemasaran secara digitalisasi ini dapat meningkatkan pendengar muda melalui media sosial yaitu Tiktok.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 344,\n \"width\": 167,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"METODOLOGI PENELITIAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 365,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 114,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini dilakukan di Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sebagai tempat magang penulis, yang beralamat di Jl. Iskandar Muda No. 117A, Sei Sikambing D, Kec. Medan Petisah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan terhitung sejak 16 Januari s/d 16 Febuari. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan penelitian kualitattif untuk mengetahui strategi pemasaran Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM dalam meningkatkan pendengar muda melalui media sosial yaitu Tiktok.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 489,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian kualitatif menurut David dan William (1995) dilakukan dengan latar dan metode yang alamiah oleh orang yang mempunyai perhatian yang alamiah. Latar alamiah dimaksudkan untuk memahami dan menafsirkan fenomena yang terjadi dalam suatu konteks khusus yang melibatkan berbagai metode yang ada 5 .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 572,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 114,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jenis pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah deskriptif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran maupun penjelasan terhadap suatu karakteristik suatu fenomena yang diteliti. Di dalam artikel ini fenomena yang terjadi adalah perkembangan jaman yang membuat Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM harus mengikuti arus yang terus berkembang untuk dapat meningkatkan pendengar muda menggunakan strategi digital marketing dengan media Tiktok.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 136,\n \"top\": 696,\n \"width\": 390,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah studi kasus dengan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 737,\n \"width\": 307,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4 Anonym, ‘Arsip Daerah Kota Medan Provinsi Sumatera Utara’, 2023 .\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 760,\n \"width\": 214,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5 Amtai Alaslan, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif , 2021.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 292,\n \"top\": 782,\n \"width\": 14,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"17\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"mengambil kasus media sosial pada Tiktok yang dilakukan penulis untuk pengambilan datanya. Akun Tiktok Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sendiri dipegan oleh penulis sendiri dengan menganalsis melalui data analisis langsung dari Tiktok.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 158,\n \"width\": 158,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 178,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 198,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM berawal dari ajang penyaluran hobi musik anak-anak muda kota Medan, lahirlah Radio Kardopa pada tanggal 3 Maret 1973. Saat itu radio hanya digunakan sebagai ajang penyaluran bakat musik anak-anak muda di Kota Medan dan masih dikelola secara amatiran. Sejalan dengan perkembangan dunia broadcast, Radio Kardopa sedikit demi sedikit berkembang menjadi radio komersial. Menyadari hal ini management pun berbenah untuk membentuk suatu badan radio yang lebih profesional dan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan uang melalui penyiaran iklan. Eksis dan ekslusif digelombang kanal AM 1017 kemudian hijrah ke kanal frekuensi 99.5 FM dan sekarang ke kanal frekuensi 99.4 FM adalah tuntutan dari pendengar untuk menyesuaikan perkembangan dunia broadcast yang semakin canggih.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 385,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Selama masa jayanya yang bahkan sudah 50 tahun ini, Radio Kardopa menjadi bagian dari sejarah dunia broadcast di Kota Medan bahkan sampai seluruh Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Lembaga ini terus mencoba melakukan yang terbaik demi terbentuknya karakter, mempertahankan budaya, jati diri anak bangsa, hiburan yang sehat dan mendidik melalui informasi yang mereka siarkan setiap harinya. Radio Kardopa memilih segmen menegah kebawah sampai menengah kebawah ke atas di setiap daerah yang ada di Kota Medan. Segmen ini bukan tanpa alasan, tetapi agar Kardopa 99.4 FM dapat terus meningkatkan pendengarnya dari tahun ke tahun.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 549,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 179,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM memiliki slogan “Berani Tampil Beda” yang memperlihatkan bahwa radio ini bisa terus tetap eksis dengan efesiensi, kreatifitas, maupun inovtifatif yang terus berkembang. Lembaga ini memiliki maksud dan tujuan khusus, yaitu memberikan informasi secara kebudayaan yang ada di Provisnis Sumatera Utara dan hiburan yang mampu mengembangkan potensi yang maju baik itu tatanan kehidupan masyarakat yang adil, makmur, dan sejahtera, menjadi media bisnis yang profesional, sebagai perekat serta kontrol sosial terpercaya, dan menjadi media pemasang iklan, serta sebagai media radio yang mengedepankan kepentingan lokal dalam rangka menuang optimalisasi seutuhnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 737,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Setiap media radio pastinya punya program unggulan untuk dapat meningkatkan minat pendengarnya. Ada tiga program unggulan Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM yaitu\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 292,\n \"top\": 782,\n \"width\": 14,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"18\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 177,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tembang Kenangan, Sex Today, dan Varia Wanita. Pada Program Sex Today dan Varia Wanita bisa didengarkan setiap Senin-Jum’at dan Minggu. Sedangkan untuk program Tembang Kenangan hadir disetiap hari Rabu-Kamis di jam 12.30 sampai dengan 13.30 WIB. Program seperti Sex Today dan Varia Wanita dibuat oleh Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM karena masih banyak orang yang belum memahami akan pentingnya sex education dan mental health dan bisa dilihat maupun didengar masyarakat Medan yang bingung untuk membicarakan masalah tersebut kepada siapa. Beda lagi dengan Tembang Kenangan, program ini dibuat agar masyarakat Medan bisa terus berpegang teguh dengan budaya- budaya yang ada, dan bisa mengenang masa-masa muda mereka.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 261,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Media radio ini memiliki target untuk meningkatkan pendengar tekhusus pendengar muda yaitu kaum Milenial dan Gen Z. Ini menjadi salah satu tantangan mereka untuk bisa tetap beroperasi maupun berjaya seiring waktu berjalan. Namun, mereka tidak bisa hanya fokus pada sistem tradisional yaitu frekuensi radio, karena yang mendengarkan sistem tradisional ini adalah para kaum lansia yang sudah berusia 35-70 tahun. Secara usia yang tengah produktif dipegang oleh kaum Milenial dan Gen Z secara ekonomis.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 406,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Oleh karena itu, mereka memenuhi targettingnya sampai kemanca negara melalui radio streaming, dan program “Membangun Generasi Cerdas” dan media sosial. Pada radio streaming yang sudah dibuat pada tahun 2020 ini bisa kita dengarkan melalui website mereka yaitu https://kardopafm.co.id/streaming.php sehingga dimanapun kita berada akan selalu dapat mendengarkan radio kesayagan kita.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 507,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 262,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Strategi program “Membangun Generasi Cerdas” merupakan program acara talkshow mereka yang juga bekerjasama dengan DPRD Sumut yang hadir untuk mahasiswa/i di Kota Medan. Pada acara ini menghadiri para petinggi politikus yang paham akan materi yang disampaikan pada acara tersebut, bukan hanya itu saja aktivis terkemuka kampus pun juga dihadirkan. Dengan acara ini, dihrapkan mahasiswa/i di Kota Medan mendapatkan wawasan yang luas dan pastinya untuk meningkatkan pendengar muda Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM. Acara ini sudah berjalan dari tahun 2021 sampai sekarang, serta dilaksanakan setiap 1 (satu) bulan sekali. Acara ini menggunakan strategi Tour to University, Jadi mereka akan tour ke universitas-universitas di Kota Medan dengan waktu yang sudah ditetapkan. Membangun Generasi Cerdas sudah ke Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara (UINSU), Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED), Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera (UMSU), dan Universitas lainnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 292,\n \"top\": 782,\n \"width\": 14,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"19\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 259,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Untuk semakin meningkatkan pendengarnya, terkhusus kaum milenial atau para muda-mudi, Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM juga membuat beberapa media sosial seperti Facebook, Youtube, Instagram, dan Tiktok. Namun yang akan diheadline penulis pada penelitian ini adalah Tiktok. Karena penulis magang di lembaga radio tersebut sebagai Content Creator Tiktok divisi Kardopa Digital. Akun Tiktok @radiokardopa.kdigi ini dibuat pada tanggal 24 Januari 2023 dengan Niche Radio. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengikuti trend kaum milenial dan Gen Z. Secara Tiktok merupakan media sosial yang populer di dunia dan paling banyak digandrongi oleh anak-anak muda. Hal ini terbukti dari laporan Business of Apps, pengguna Tiktok di dunia sebesar 35% untuk kelompok usia 20-29 tahun, kemudian pengguna di usia 10-19 tahun sebesar 28%. 6 . Dan untuk Indonesia sendiri berdasrkan data We Are Social, pengguna Titik sudah mencapai 1,05 miliar pada Januari 2023. 7 . Inilah yang membuat Radio Kardopa untuk membuat akun Tiktok.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 344,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pembuatan akun Tiktok ini juga digunakan bukan hanya sebagai mengikuti trend belaka, tetapi juga untuk mengikuti perkembangan zaman sehingga para kaum muda memiliki ketertarikan untuk mendengar. Karena seperti yang sudah penulis jelaskan diatas, bahwa diawal Radio ini masih menggunakan sistem tradisional. Sehingga, hal inilah yang menjadi awal perubahan Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM untuk beralih melihat bahwa banyak kaum muda-mudi juga membutuhkan informasi diera teknologi seperti ini.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 489,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Terbilang dari tanggal 27 Januari sampai dengan 16 Febuari akun @radiokardopa.kdigi sudah mendapatkan 300 followers dalam jangka waktu selama 21 hari. Dengan video view 21K, profile views 97, likes 4.2884, Comments 18, dan unique views 17k. Ini bisa dilihat dari data Key Metric Tiktok dibawah ini.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 714,\n \"width\": 410,\n \"height\": 33,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"6 Vika Azkiya Dihni, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Mayoritas Berusia Muda, Ini Rinciannya’, 2022 .\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 748,\n \"width\": 377,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"7 Monavia Ayu Rizaty, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Indonesia Terbesar Kedua Di Dunia’, 2022 .\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 292,\n \"top\": 782,\n \"width\": 14,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"20\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 240,\n \"top\": 94,\n \"width\": 136,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 1. Data Key Metrics\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 202,\n \"top\": 543,\n \"width\": 231,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sumber: Akun Tiktok @radiokardopa.kdigi\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 219,\n \"top\": 632,\n \"width\": 178,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 2. Data Followers Insight\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 292,\n \"top\": 782,\n \"width\": 14,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"21\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 202,\n \"top\": 300,\n \"width\": 231,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sumber: Akun Tiktok @radiokardopa.kdigi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 328,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan analisis yang peneliti lakukan terbukti bahwa dengan adanya Tiktok dapat membawa perubahan bagi Kardopa yang awalnya berfokus pada pendengar yang berumur direntan 40-60 tahun, beralih kependengar yang berusia 18-34 tahun. Dengan hal ini Tiktok juga menjadi sebuah strategi marketing yang sangat akurat bagi Kardopa untuk meningkatkan pendengan yang masih berusia muda, karena seperti yang diketahui umunya anak muda sekarang sangat berpengaruh terhadap suatu teknologi terkhusus pada informasi yang berkembang seperti Tiktok.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 493,\n \"width\": 84,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"KESIMPULAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 514,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Radio Kardopa sudah berdiri dari tahun 1973 sampai dengan tahun ini. Berawal dari ajang penyaluran bakat musik anak muda di Kota Medan bekembang menjadi radio komersial. Radio ini juga sudah memenuhi keinginan pendengarnya sampai kemanca Negara melalui radio streaming dan media sosial, sehingga dimanapun mereka berada akan selalu dapat mendengarkan radio kesayagan mereka.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 618,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Untuk meningkatkan pendengarnya lembaga penyiar ini sudah mengevalusi terkait strategi yang digunakan. Adapun strategi yang mereka gunakan untuk meningkatkan pendengar muda adalah Radio Streaming, Program Acara “Membangun Generasi Cerdas” dan pembuatan platform media sosial. Namun pada penelitia ini penulis meng-headline Tiktok sebagai platform media sosial. Dimana lembaga penyiar ini yaitu radio Kardopa sendiri sudah memiliki akun Tiktok yang bertujuan untuk manaikkan pendengar yaitu kaum muda-mudi atau milenial dan gen-z. hal ini dilakukan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 292,\n \"top\": 782,\n \"width\": 14,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"22\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"karena radio Kardopa mengetahui betul bahwa informasi bukan hanya milik golongan tertentu akan tetapi milik semua golongan termasuk kaum muda-mudi tersebut. Dapat dilihat dari data followers insight yang banyak mengikuti akun @radiokardopa.kdigi adalah umur 25-34 sebesar 39.0% dan umur 18-24 sebesar 32.0%. Jelas bahwa target yang ingin dicapai sudah terlaksanakan selama penulis magang ditempat ini.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 199,\n \"width\": 113,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DAFTAR PUSTAKA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 98,\n \"top\": 220,\n \"width\": 249,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Alaslan, Amtai, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif , 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 98,\n \"top\": 238,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Anonym, ‘Arsip Daerah Kota Medan Provinsi Sumatera Utara’, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 122,\n \"top\": 261,\n \"width\": 366,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 98,\n \"top\": 282,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dihni, Vika Azkiya, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Mayoritas Berusia Muda, Ini Rinciannya’, 2022 \",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 98,\n \"top\": 342,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 33,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Huda, Miftahul, and Viro Dharma Saputra, ‘Strategi Komunikasi Radio Citra FM Kendal Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Pendengar Pendahuluan’, 1.02 (2021), 97–113\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 98,\n \"top\": 383,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 34,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Mcmahon, Daithí, ‘Memories of Our Youth : The Viral Spread of Radio Station Facebook Posts’, 15 (2020), 53–67\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 98,\n \"top\": 424,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rizaty, Monavia Ayu, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Indonesia Terbesar Kedua Di Dunia’, 2022\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 122,\n \"top\": 448,\n \"width\": 399,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 98,\n \"top\": 487,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 54,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"———, ‘Populasi ASEAN Capai 679,7 Juta Pada 2023, Indonesia Terbanyak’, DataIndonesia.Id , 2023 \",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1893,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"c5231439-9d17-7ad2-492a-b4e4f0c16af7"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://jurnal.isi-ska.ac.id/index.php/acintya/article/download/5367/3788"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":234,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":514,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"109","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":42,"width":196,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta","type":"Text"},{"left":186,"top":89,"width":232,"height":17,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"GARAP TARI CAKIL GAYA SURAKARTA","type":"Section header"},{"left":241,"top":131,"width":120,"height":15,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Didik Bambang Wahyudi","type":"Section header"},{"left":229,"top":158,"width":144,"height":27,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta Email: didik@isi-ska.ac.id","type":"Text"},{"left":290,"top":212,"width":51,"height":15,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ABSTRAK","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":238,"width":464,"height":99,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian ini secara singkat mendiskusikan garap tari Cakil di Surakarta, memahami dan menjelaskan secara deskriptif keberadaan dan perkembangan tari Cakil sebagai genre; Wireng, Fragmen, Wireng Pethilan dan juga sebagai bagian dari drama tari tradisional (wayang orang panggung). Penjelasan deskriptif terdiri dari 1) latar belakang sejarah, fungsi dan eksistensi cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit; 2) Perkembangan Cakil sebagai pertunjukan tari termasuk bentuk dan makna dalam pembahasan tentang unsur-unsur tari menjadi satu kesatuan dalam garap (totalitas bentuk dan ide) pertunjukan. Penelitian ini ingin menjelaskan keberadaan tari cakil melalui perkembangan zaman dalam garap pertunjukan. 3) adanya orang-orang yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan dan perkembangan tarian ini.","type":"Text"},{"left":99,"top":340,"width":178,"height":15,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kata kunci: Cakil, tari, pengembangan.","type":"Text"},{"left":289,"top":375,"width":52,"height":15,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ABSTRACT","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":401,"width":464,"height":99,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"This writing, briefly, Garap Tari Cakil in Surakarta, were understanding and explaining descriptively existence and development of Cakil dance as genres; wireng, fragmen, wireng pethilan and also as a part of traditional dance drama (wayang orang panggung). Descriptive explanation consist of 1) historical background, function and existence of cakil in shadow puppet player (pertunjukan wayang kulit; 2) Cakil development as a dance performance including form and meaning in a discussion about the dance elements become a unity in garap (totality of form and idea) of the performance. This study wanted to explain the existence of cakil dance through the times in garap of the performance. 3) the existence of people who influenced to the change and development of this dance.","type":"Text"},{"left":99,"top":503,"width":165,"height":15,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keyword: Cakil, dance, development.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":550,"width":93,"height":17,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PENDAHULUAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":570,"width":229,"height":174,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tokoh Cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang merupakan sosok yang unik. Tokoh Cakil hampir selalu hadir pada setiap pertunjukan wayang, baik pada pertunjukan wayang kulit maupun wayang orang. Tokoh Cakil bahkan menjadi maskot yang kehadirannya selalu diharapkan dan ditunggu oleh penonton. Lewat atraksi gerak yang ditampilkan dan juga banyolan-banyolan yang dihadirkannya, Cakil selalu menarik dan mampu memberikan suasana segar bagi penonton. Secara wujud fisik, perilaku, dan kepribadiannya banyak ditemukan keunikan-","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":561,"width":229,"height":60,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"keunikan, di antaranya bentuk muka, rias wajah, busana yang dikenakan, teknik gerak, dan nada bicaranya sangat khas dan selalu menjadi hal yang menarik untuk diperbincangkan.","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":622,"width":229,"height":131,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pembahasan tentang c akilan atau garap tari Cakil dalam tulisan ini meliputi gaya ( style ), susunan tari, teknik, dan vokabuler gerak untuk mengekspresikan karakter tokoh Cakil. Ditinjau dari hal tersebut, ada dua garap tari Cakil yang sangat berbeda yaitu, cakilan keraton ( wirèng ), dan cakilan Wayang Orang Panggung (WOP). Tari Cakil ( wirèng ) keraton, di kalangan masyarakat luas biasanya disebut tari pethilan","type":"Text"},{"left":290,"top":43,"width":120,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya","type":"Page header"},{"left":227,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"110","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":89,"width":229,"height":135,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Bambangan Cakil. Pethilan dari kata petikan, yang artinya bahwa tari tersebut dipetik dari adegan pertemuan dan atau peprangan antara tokoh bambangan (kesatria muda) dan tokoh Cakil dalam wayang kulit atau wayang orang. Tari Cakil WOP muncul dalam adegan perang kembang . Dalam adegan ini Cakil disertai dengan beberapa buta , dan Bambangan juga disertai dengan panakawan . Dalam perkembangannya,","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":222,"width":229,"height":131,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tari Cakil gaya WOP lebih memasyarakat dan mampu bertahan hidup daripada Tari Cakil gaya keraton. Tari Cakil gaya keraton kurang memasyarakat, karena sangat terikat pada norma ataupun unggah-ungguh budaya kehidupan seni keraton (Maridi, wawancara Juli 1991). Selain itu aturan-aturan ( pakem ) Tari Tradisi Keraton yang ketat juga sangat membelenggu perkembangan tari itu sendiri.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":354,"width":229,"height":304,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Perkembangan dan kehidupan satu gaya tari tidak dapat dipisahkan dari dua hal pokok, yaitu seniman dan pengamat/penonton. Seperti halnya tari Cakil WOP tidak akan hidup dan berkembang tanpa dukungan penari-penari yang berkualitas sebagai penyaji dan penonton yang apresiatif. Dengan demikian, eksistensi dan kreativitas penari khususnya penari Cakil sangat berperan besar dalam menentukan arah kehidupan tari Cakil. Melalui kreativitas penari sebagai seniman penyaji, sebuah pertunjukan akan dapat diapresiasi dengan baik oleh masyarakat pendukungnya. Hal ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh sifat pertunjukan yang sangat tergantung pada eksistensi, kreativitas, dan ketokohan atau keaktoran para penarinya serta penonton sebagai penanggap. Meskipun hal itu juga tidak dapat lepas dari adanya faktor-faktor lain yang terkait, di antaranya seniman penata, yaitu sutradara (dalam pertunjukan wayang orang) dan koreografer.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":659,"width":229,"height":88,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sejalan dengan perubahan zamannya, perkembangan dan kemajuan teknologi informasi dan media telah mengubah gaya hidup dan pemikiran masyarakat luas. Masuknya film dan aneka macam hiburan yang ditayangkan melalui radio dan televisi telah mampu memalingkan","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":89,"width":229,"height":146,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"kegemaran masyarakat dari budaya tradisi pertunjukan milik sendiri. Untuk itu bentuk- bentuk budaya tradisi seperti wayang orang dan tari semakin kurang diminati, tergeser, dan bahkan mati. Kehidupan WOP mengalami kemunduran yang sangat besar setelah tahun 1970-an. Kemunduran tersebut, sudah barang tentu berpengaruh terhadap tari Cakil, baik dalam hal aktivitas pertunjukannya maupun kemunculan penari Cakil yang berkualitas.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":254,"width":53,"height":17,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"METODE","type":"Section header"},{"left":300,"top":274,"width":229,"height":74,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggali data pustaka serta melakukan wawancara dengan para pakar tari tradisi, khusunya tari Cakil di Surakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":367,"width":115,"height":41,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PEMBAHASAN Deskripsi Tokoh Cakil","type":"Section header"},{"left":300,"top":411,"width":229,"height":131,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cakil adalah sosok atau figur dalam seni pewayangan. Cakil mula-mula muncul dalam pakeliran wayang kulit purwa . Menurut Serat Sastramiruda , Cakil muncul pertama kali pada tahun 1552 Ç atau tahun 1630 M, atau pada zaman pemerintahan Sultan Agung di Mataram. Angka tahun tersebut merupakan sengkalan memet berupa raksasa mrugan (istimewa) yang menjadi bagian dari teks berikut.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":543,"width":228,"height":178,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rampungè karsa dalem mangun wayang purwa pinaringan sangkala memet rupa buta mrugan, ing padhalangan kaaranan panyaréng, kaaranan ing akéh buta Cakil. Wujudè wayang buta mata siji, tanganè loro anyangkelit keris. Siyungè siji metu teka ing lambè. ( Sudibyo Z. Hadi Sucipto, 1981: 18) Kamajaya menafsirkan sengkalan memet sebagai “Anembah gegamaning buta tunggal ”, atau tahun 1552 Ç . Sri Moeljono juga menandai Cakil muncul pada tahun 1552 Ç atau 1630 M, tetapi berdasarkan kronogram ( candra sengkala )","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":719,"width":228,"height":30,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"“ Tangan yaksa satataning janma ” (Kamajaya, 1981: 24)","type":"Text"},{"left":234,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":514,"top":787,"width":17,"height":16,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"111","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":42,"width":196,"height":12,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":89,"width":229,"height":218,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Wujud Cakil dalam wayang kulit adalah raksasa ( buta ) yang memiliki ciri sangat berbeda dengan raksasa pada umumnya. Raksasa pada umumnya berciri badan besar dengan tangan belakang tidak dapat digerakan, sedangkan Cakil bertubuh kecil dan kedua tangannya dapat digerakkan. Perbedaan lainnya, raksasa pada umumnya digambarkan dengan mata bundar dan besar, sedangkan bentuk mata Cakil setengah memejam ( kriyipan ). Raksasa pada umumnya memiliki rahang atas lebih menonjol daripada rahang bawah, sedangkan Cakil rahang bawahnya lebih menonjol daripada rahang atasnya, dan gigi seri bawah menjulang melampaui hidungnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":308,"width":229,"height":131,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sosok Cakil hampir selalu muncul dalam lakon apapun. Oleh karena itu, memiliki nama yang banyak, sesuai dengan cerita atau lakon yang dibawakan oleh dalang. Nama-nama Cakil yang sering digunakan oleh dalang dalam pakeliran wayang kulit purwa antara lain: Gendir Penjalin, Carang Aking, Carang Puspita, Puspajala, Suksoro, Klanthang Mimis, Kala Marica, dan lainnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":441,"width":228,"height":45,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Karakter atau wanda wayang kulit Cakil ada tiga macam, yaitu: 1) wanda panji , 2) wanda kikik , dan 3) wanda manyore.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":487,"width":229,"height":102,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Wanda Panji, dicirikan dengan wajah tu- mungkul , bentuk badan pajeg (tegak), leher besar, bahu belakang lebih tinggi, dengan irah-irahan pogog dan tatanan busana rapèk . b. Wanda Kikik, dicirikan dengan wajah longok , bentuk badan bungkuk , leher agak pendek, irah-irahan busana rapèk .","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":587,"width":229,"height":45,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c. Wanda Manyore, wajah longok , bentuk badan sedang tidak bungkuk , menggunakan irah-irahan bodholan dengan rambut orèn .","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":639,"width":229,"height":103,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Namun dalam perjalanan kehidupan pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa , ciri-ciri yang terkait dengan wanda tersebut tidak lagi menjadi persoalan dalam mengembangkan kreativitas garap sabet dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit. Masing-masing dalang dapat mengembangkan ide kreatifnya dalam memilih wujud dan","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":89,"width":178,"height":16,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"karakter Cakil sesuai interpretasinya.","type":"Text"},{"left":321,"top":289,"width":200,"height":27,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 1 . Wujud sosok Cakil wayang kulit purwa wanda Panji. (Foto Didik BW, 2010)","type":"Text"},{"left":320,"top":536,"width":199,"height":27,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 2. Cakil wayang kulit purwa wanda Kikik. (Foto Didik BW, 2010)","type":"Text"},{"left":290,"top":43,"width":120,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya","type":"Page header"},{"left":227,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"112","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":292,"width":210,"height":27,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar. 3 . Wujud Cakil wayang purwa wanda Manyore. (Foto Didik BW, 2010)","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":331,"width":229,"height":423,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tokoh Cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa mempunyai peran yang cukup penting dalam membangun alur dramatik pertunjukan wayang purwa. Secara umum kehadiran Cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa dapat dibedakan menjadi dua. Pertama, peran Cakil sebagai tokoh yang terkait dengan alur cerita. Kedua, Cakil hadir sebagai èdèn- èdèn atau kembangan yang berfungsi untuk memperindah pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa . Cakil sebagai bagian dari alur cerita kehadirannya dapat dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu sebagai buta prepat, dan sebagai buta utusan raja. Cakil sebagai buta prepat berperan menggoda kesatria yang sedang bertapa atau sedang melakukan samadi . Cakil sebagai utusan raja sabrangan atau kelompok jahat (antagonis) berperan memerangi musuh yaitu dari kelompok baik (protagonis). Cakil dikategorikan sebagai buta prepat atau raksasa empat sekawan yang selalu didampingi oleh tiga raksasa lainnya, yaitu Buta Rambut Geni, Buta Terong atau Galiuk, dan Pragalba. Buta prepat merupakan simbol dari nafsu-nafsu manusia yang selalu muncul ketika manusia menghadapi permasalahan dalam kehidupannya. Manusia sebagai makhluk Tuhan yang paling mulia, selain diberi akal budi juga disertai nafsu, yaitu sufiyah, aluamah, amarah , dam mutma’inah .","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":89,"width":229,"height":610,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sebagai utusan raja, Cakil hadir dengan pasukan raksasa. Pasukan raksasa itu bisa berupa buta prepat atau bisa juga dengan bala bacingah, yang pada dasarnya adalah mewakili kelompok jahat (antagonis) yang ingin memanfaatkan situasi. Kehadiran kelompok ini kaitannya dengan alur cerita berfungsi sebagai permasalahan antara, yang kedudukannya untuk membangun alur dramatik pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa . Berkaitan dengan pernyataan tersebut Harymawan menyatakan, bahwa suatu lakon atau alur cerita harus menghidupkan pernyataan kehendak manusia menghadapi dua kekuatan yang saling beroposisi. Pertentangan dua kekuatan, yaitu antara protagonis dan antagonis, mengakibatkan apa yang dinamakan dramatic action . (RM. Harymawan, 1988: 9). Cakil hadir sebagai eden-eden (pemanis) pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa adalah terkait dengan struktur pertunjukan yang biasanya terbagi dalam wilayah waktu, yaitu wilayah waktu pathet nem , pathet sanga, dan pathet manyura. Pada bagian kedua pada wilayah waktu pathet sanga, secara struktur tersusun dalam beberapa adegan. Diawali dengan adegan gara - gara diikuti tampilnya tokoh punokawan (Semar, Gareng, Petruk, dan Bagong) sebagai pendamping kesatria utama. Kemudian adegan pertapan yang merupakan pertemuan kesatria dengan pendeta. Pada adegan ini biasanya seorang dalang menjabarkan konsep satriya pinandhita, yang berisi nasihat atau ngèlmu bagi kesatria utama. Adegan berikutnya adalah perang kembang , yaitu perang antara kesatria melawan raksasa yang menyimbolkan nafsu- nafsu manusia. Perang kembang yang syarat dengan makna simbolik ini selalu ditunggu- tunggu oleh penonton karena biasanya disajikan dengan suasana yang ringan, penuh humor, dan atraktif serta menghibur. Ketegangan rasa para penonton yang disebabkan oleh adegan-adegan sebelumnya berubah menjadi rasa senang.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":700,"width":228,"height":45,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam adegan perang kembang , penonton disuguhi garap sabet atau ketrampilan dalang dalam memainkan tokoh Cakil. Perang kembang","type":"Text"},{"left":234,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":514,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"113","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":42,"width":196,"height":12,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":89,"width":229,"height":261,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"bisa dikategorikan sebagai salah satu édèn- édèn atau kembangan yang berfungsi untuk mempercantik/ memperindah pertunjukan. Disebut édèn-édèn karena adegan ini sering tidak terkait langsung dengan alur cerita yang disajikan, sebagaimana halnya dengan édèn- édèn yang lain, seperti abur-aburan (terbang), ambles bumi (masuk ke dalam bumi), dan sebagainya. Sebagai édèn-édèn , dalam adegan ini biasanya banyak ditampilkan berbagai variasi garap , baik garap sabet maupun garap gendhing . Popularitas seorang dalang dapat terbangun karena ketrampilannya dalam menggarap sabet perang kembang ini. Beberapa dalang wayang kulit purwa yang terkenal sebagai dalang sabet antara lain Ki Ganda Buwono, Ki Ganda Darsana, dan Ki Manteb Sudarsana. (Sholicin, 2010: 282 – 287).","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":351,"width":227,"height":45,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cakil sebagai utusan raja seringkali hadir sebagai tokoh yang terkait cerita yang disajikan, misalnya sebagai berikut.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":397,"width":229,"height":89,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Sosok Cakil hadir sebagai tokoh Kala Marica dalam cerita Ramayana. Dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa , sosok Kala Marica dibentuk dengan Cakil yang berhidung pesek, berambut orèn , dan dengan irah-irahan bodholan .","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":484,"width":229,"height":59,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Sosok Cakil hadir sebagai tokoh Janggis- rana, yang dibentuk dengan Cakil yang berhidung penthul dan dengan irah-irahan centho .","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":698,"width":225,"height":15,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 4. Wayang Kalamarica. (Foto Didik BW,","type":"Text"},{"left":170,"top":710,"width":26,"height":15,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2010)","type":"List item"},{"left":309,"top":245,"width":223,"height":27,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 5. Wayang Janggisrana (Foto Didik BW, 2010)","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":288,"width":197,"height":41,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cakil Sebagai Édèn-édèn ( Kembangan ) Cakil sebagai Repertoar Tari","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":332,"width":229,"height":247,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cakil sebagai repertoar pertunjukan tari wirèng sudah ada sejak masa pemerintahan Mangkunegara I (1757 – 1795) dalam bentuk tari pasangan Janaka dan Cakil. Oleh karena itu sering dikatakan, bahwa tari wirèng Cakil tersebut adalah karya Mangkunegara I. (Wahyu S. P, 2007: 120). Wirèng Cakil sebagai bentuk pertunjukan tari selain tumbuh di Pura Mangkunegaran juga berkembang di lingkungan tembok keraton Kasunanan Surakarta. W irèng Cakil adalah tari yang bertemakan perang dengan menghadirkan tokoh Cakil dan ksatria yang bersumber dari wiracarita Mahabarata atau Ramayana. Misalnya, wirèng Bambangan-Cakil adalah tari perang antara kesatriya (Harjuno, Abimanyu, Irawan, Rama, Lesmana) dengan raksasa penghalang Cakil.","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":580,"width":229,"height":174,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Seperti telah dipaparkan di atas, tokoh Cakil muncul pada pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa pada adegan perang kembang . Sesuai dengan konsep dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa, Cakil dikategorikan sebagai buta penyarèng atau buta penghalang. Cakil merupakan perwujudan dari konsep nilai simbolik Jawa kategori dua, yaitu konsep keseimbangan adanya baik dan buruk, halus dan kasar, dan sebagainya. Menurut Koentjaraningrat, sistem klasifikasi simbolik yang didasarkan pada dua kategori yang dikaitkan oleh orang Jawa dengan","type":"Text"},{"left":290,"top":43,"width":120,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya","type":"Page header"},{"left":227,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"114","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":89,"width":229,"height":74,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"hal-hal yang berlawanan atau bermusuhan. (Koentjaraningrat, 1994: 428). Keberadaan Cakil dalam konsep nilai ini adalah mewakili yang kasar, sombong (antagonis), sebagai lawan dari yang halus, rendah hati (protagonis).","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":164,"width":229,"height":333,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Repertoar tari wirèng cakil dapat dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu jenis tari pasangan dan tari kelompok. Tari wirèng Cakil jenis pasangan biasanya disebut tari Bambangan Cakil, atau Janaka Cakil, atau bisa juga menampilkan tokoh lain Srikandhi Cakil. Tari Srikandhi Cakil muncul pada tahun 1971 yang disusun oleh K.R.T. Kusumokesowo, namun susunan tarinya sudah tidak terlacak lagi. Garap tari wirèng Cakil lebih menekankan pada konsep estetika tari tradisi yang tumbuh di dalam keraton. Tokoh Cakil tidak ditampilkan seperti halnya pada pertunjukan wayang kulit, namun digarap dalam bentuk beksa n wirèng . Ciri garap tari wirèng adalah, bahwa ekspresi dan karakter tokoh tidak ditampilkan secara vulgar, melainkan lebih menonjolkan jogèd atau beksa. Jogèd atau beksa adalah koreografi klasik yang sangat distilisasi terkait dengan aturan-aturan baku tari Jawa. Aturan-aturan baku dalam tari Jawa Surakarta terjabar di dalam delapan aturan dasar tari hasthasawanda , yaitu pacak, pancat, ulat, wilet, lulut, luwes, irama, dan gendhing.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":498,"width":229,"height":189,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tari wirèng Cakil tumbuh di dalam tembok keraton Kasunanan dan Mangkunegaran dengan gaya tarinya masing-masing. Penyebaran tari wirèng Cakil terbatas melalui pawiyatan- pawiyatan atau sanggar-sanggar tari yang biasanya dikelola oleh guru-guru tari yang terkait dengan abdi dalem keraton. (Clara Brakel P, 1991: 16 – 17). Misalnya, sanggar tari Yayasan Kesenian Indonesia (YKI) Surakarta dengan guru tari Radiono (alm). Koreografi atau struktur sajian tari wirèng Cakil terdiri atas empat bagian, yaitu maju beksan , beksan , perang , dan mundur beksan .","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":692,"width":67,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Maju beksan","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":712,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Maju beksan adalah bagian dari struktur tari pada saat penari bergerak dari gawang","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":89,"width":229,"height":132,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"supono menuju gawang beksan . Penari ke luar berjalan kapang-kapang dan dilanjutkan laku jèngkèng menuju gawang supono (tengah belakang), sampai di tempat duduk silo anurogo . Mulai dari ke luar berjalan diiringi karawitan vokal ada-ada. Karawitan menyajikan gendhing S repeg , penari melakukan sembahan silantaya, sembahan jèngkèng, sabet an, lumaksana , ombak-banyu, srisig menuju gawang beksa n.","type":"List item"},{"left":300,"top":225,"width":37,"height":17,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Beksa n","type":"List item"},{"left":300,"top":245,"width":229,"height":161,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Beksan adalah bagian pokok dari koreografi yang berisi sekaran-sekaran yang menggambarkan isi atau tema tari yang disajikan. Diawali dengan garap peralihan gendhing dari S repeg ke gendhing beksan . Gendhing Beksan yang biasa digunakan pada bagian ini adalah Ladrang Cluntang laras sléndro pathet sanga. Garap geraknya biasanya diawali dengan beksa n laras yang dilanjutkan dengan berbagai sekaran alusan untuk bambangan , dan untuk Cakil menggunakan pola gerak bapangan.","type":"List item"},{"left":300,"top":407,"width":229,"height":189,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Garap pola lantai, seperti garap wirèng pada umumnya, diawali dari gawang pokok kemudian bergerak memutar dengan pola prapatan , yaitu dari gawang pokok menuju gawang prapatan , gawang jeblos, dan kembali ke gawang pokok. Untuk garap gawang tari wirèng Cakil, antara Kasunanan dan Mangkunegaran terdapat perbedaan yang mendasar, yaitu penempatan penari pada gawang pokok. Pada Kasunanan posisi Cakil berada di sebelah kiri panggung, sedangkan pada Mangkunegaran Cakil berada di sebelah kanan panggung.","type":"List item"},{"left":300,"top":597,"width":229,"height":146,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penentuan gawang tari wirèng pethilan secara umum dipengaruhi oleh sistem penggolongan karakter berdasarkan simpingan wayang kulit purwa . Simpingan sebelah kanan dalang untuk tokoh-tokoh kelompok protagonis, dan simpingan sebelah kiri dalang untuk tokoh-tokoh kelompok antagonis. Namun konon karena arah pandang dan pertimbangan strata sosial penari bambangan yang biasanya diperankan oleh kerabat raja, maka gawang tari","type":"Text"},{"left":234,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":514,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"115","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":42,"width":196,"height":12,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":89,"width":229,"height":31,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cakil gaya Mangkunegaran berbeda. (G.P.H. Herwasto Kusumo, 7 Februari 2011)","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":124,"width":49,"height":17,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Perangan","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":145,"width":230,"height":174,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Perangan dari asal kata perang yang artinya pertarungan atau perkelahian antara dua orang atau lebih, baik dengan menggunakan tangan kosong maupun menggunakan senjata. Akan tetapi perang dalam tari tidak secara wantah atau vulgar mempertunjukkan perkelahian, melainkan digarap sedemikian indah berdasarkan kaidah estetika (dan etika) tari tradisi keraton. Garap perangan terbagi dalam dua bagian, yaitu perang tangkepan (dengan tangan kosong), dan dilanjutkan dengan perang gaman (dengan menggunakan senjata).","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":320,"width":229,"height":60,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gending untuk menyertai garap perang ini adalah Srepeg untuk perang tangan, dan berubah menjadi Sampak ketika sampai pada perang gaman hingga Cakil kalah atau mati.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":378,"width":229,"height":74,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ketika Cakil kalah atau jatuh tersimpuh di lantai, gending berubah menjadi Ayak-ayakan untuk mengiringi Bambangan menari mengelilingi Cakil dan kembali ke gawang pokok, lalu duduk jèngkèng nikelwarti.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":456,"width":229,"height":123,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Mundur Beksa n Mundur beksan adalah bagian akhir dari struktur tari. Setelah perang selesai, penari bergerak dari gawang beksan kembali ke gawang supono . Gending untuk mengiringi mundur beksa n adalah S repeg . Kedua penari melakukan sembahan , sabetan , srisig kembali ke gawang supono dan diakhiri dengan sembahan .","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":598,"width":215,"height":35,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cakil dalam Pertunjukan Wayang Orang Panggung","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":636,"width":230,"height":117,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pertunjukan Wayang Orang Panggung (WOP) merupakan personifikasi dari pertunjukkan wayang kulit purwa. Seperti halnya dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa, Cakil hadir dalam adegan perang kembang , yaitu pada babak ke dua atau pada wilayah pathet sanga . Pembabakan dalam pertunjukan WOP mengikuti pembabakan pada pakeliran","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":89,"width":231,"height":425,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"wayang kulit purwa, yaitu berdasarkan wanci (waktu) p athet Nem, p athet Sanga dan pathet Manyura. Tema atau isu setiap babak juga mengacu pada tema/isu pada pakeliran wayang kulit purwa. Pathet Nem (babak pertama) isunya adalah “ada permasalahan”. Pathet Sanga (babak kedua) isunya adalah “upaya mencari pemecahan masalah”. Pathet Manyura (babak ketiga) isunya adalah “penyelesaian masalah”. Untuk menampung isu-isu tersebut agar lebih spesifik, maka setiap babak dibagi lagi menjadi beberapa adegan yang merupakan bangunan konflik terkecil dari sebuah bagian atau babak. Pertunjukan WOP adalah suatu pertunjukan komersial yang kelangsungan kehidupannya sangat ditentukan oleh kehadiran penonton. Untuk itu strategi kreatif dalam konteks membangun pasar sangat diperlukan. Strategi kreatif dalam pertunjukan WOP selain diperlukan kemampuan menejerial pemasaran yang baik, juga perlu didukung oleh seniman- seniman yang kreatif pula. Berkait dengan pernyataan ini, Kusumo Budoyo mengatakan, bahwa ada pertimbangan-pertimbangan utama agar pertunjukan tetap dihadiri penonton, yaitu pemilihan cerita, penataan casting ( dhapukan ), dan garap pertunjukannya. (Kusumobudoyo, 31 Agustus 2010).","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":515,"width":229,"height":232,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pemilihan cerita dan panataan casting adalah dua hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Alasannya, untuk menyajikan pertunjukan yang menarik memerlukan pemeranan ( casting ) yang tepat sesuai dengan sumberdaya yang dimiliki. Sebagai sebuah panggung hiburan komersial, kehadiran primadona panggung sangat penting untuk menarik minat penonton. Oleh karena itu WOP memerlukan primadona-primadona panggung, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Sastro Sabdo, Rusman, Darsi, Surono, Listyorini, Nanik Subroto, adalah primadona-primadona panggung WOP pada zamannya. Banyak penonton yang menonton WOP bukan karena lakonnya yang menarik, tetapi karena antusias untuk melihat primadonanya.","type":"Text"},{"left":290,"top":43,"width":120,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya","type":"Page header"},{"left":227,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"116","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":89,"width":229,"height":160,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kehandalan suatu kelompok WOP, selain dari primadona panggung yang dimiliki, juga teknik-teknik atau trik-trik (atraksi-atraksi atau ‘tipuan-tipuan’) panggungnya. Penggarapan teknik atau trik abur-aburan (terbang) , trik malihan (berubah bentuk), trik ambles bumi (masuk ke dalam tanah), trik terjun ke laut, dan juga atraksi-atraksi akrobatik pada adegan perang kembang, menjadi daya tarik tersendiri yang dapat membuat penonton ketagihan untuk datang menonton lagi.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":251,"width":229,"height":318,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peperangan antara kesatria dengan raksasa ini selalu dipertunjukkan dalam setiap lakon atau ceritera yang disajikan, baik terkait ataupun tidak dengan isi ceritera yang disajikan. Seperti dinyatakan Surono (Petruk), bahwa perang kembang adalah perang yang indah, merupakan bunga dari pertunjukan WOP. Perang kembang merupakan bagian yang sangat penting baik ditinjau dari alur cerita maupun dari sisi bentuk sajiannya. Dari alur cerita, penonton mulai dihantarkan pada upaya pemecahan permasalahan yang terjadi melalui dialog tokoh yang dihadirkan pada adegan ini. Dari sisi bentuk sajian, penonton akan mendapatkan sebuah pertunjukan yang sangat menarik, segar, penuh humor, dan trik-trik akrobatik oleh penari. Melalui adegan perang kembang penonton akan dibuat terpesona tampilnya seorang kesatriya (Jawa) yang halus, cakap, penuh pengendalian diri di satu sisi, dan di sisi lain penonton mendapat hiburan dari gerak-gerak atraktif yang ditampilkan oleh seorang penari Cakil.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":570,"width":231,"height":175,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"B e r k a i t a n d e n g a n f u n g s i d a n kedudukannya, maka Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP membutuhkan kemampuan kepenarian yang lengkap sebagai penari panggung. Seorang penari Cakil pada WOP tidak cukup hanya terampil dalam gerak tari, tetapi juga membutuhkan kemampuan humor guna merespons dialog punokawan. Dalam hal ini Kusumo Budoyo menyatakan, bahwa peran Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP sering digunakan sebagai peran antara menuju peran bintang panggung. (Kusumobudoyo, 12 Oktober 2005).","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":89,"width":229,"height":117,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ini dilegitimasi dalam penyelenggaraan Festival Wayang Orang Panggung Amatir (WOPA) yang ke II di Surakarta, bahwa penilaian sebagai penyaji terbaik bukan hanya untuk pemeran Gatutkaca, tetapi juga untuk pemeran Bambangan Cakil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi Cakil sebagai bintang pertunjukan WOP tidak diragukan lagi.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":225,"width":118,"height":17,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Garap Tari Cakil WOP","type":"Section header"},{"left":300,"top":245,"width":229,"height":160,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Koreografi dan garap tari adalah dua hal yang berbeda namun merupakan satu kesatuan yang tak terpisahkan dalam membangun rasa tari. Koreografi adalah bentuk sedangkan garap adalah korelasi atau hubungan timbal balik antar elemen dalam membangun wujud yang terkait dengan rasa tari. Garap tari Cakil pada pertunjukan WOP sangat dipengaruhi oleh teknik pemanggungan, yaitu panggung prosenium dengan setting dekorasi kelir /layar bergambar (bercerita).","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":407,"width":229,"height":102,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Setting dekorasi panggung yang digunakan dalam adegan Cakil pada pertunjukan WOP adalah hutan. Dengan kata lain, ceritanya terjadi di hutan. Maka secara garap tari Cakil, antara penari satu dan lainnya menggunakan pola sama. Garap sajiannya tersusun dalam bagian-bagian, yaitu alas-alasan, asakan, godaan dan Perang.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":510,"width":229,"height":74,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Seperti telah banyak didefinisikan oleh para ahli, bahwa tari adalah ungkapan pengalaman jiwa manusia yang diwujudkan melalui gerak tubuh yang berirama. Janet Ashead menyatakan sebagai berikut.","type":"Text"},{"left":328,"top":591,"width":199,"height":100,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":".......that it is made of movements which are performed by a single dancer or by a number of dancers, in a particular setting. These dancer(s) are usually clothed, sometimes in special costumes, and they perform in a visual environment, often with sound accompaniment. 1","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":697,"width":193,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1 Periksa Janet Ashead. Dance Analysis.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":697,"width":226,"height":25,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Theory and Practice . (London: Dance Books, Cecil Court,","type":"Table"},{"left":300,"top":721,"width":59,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1988), hlm. 21","type":"Table"},{"left":234,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":514,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"117","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":42,"width":196,"height":12,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":89,"width":229,"height":88,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"(....bahwa tari tersusun dari gerakan- gerakan yang ditampilkan oleh penari atau sekelompok penari dalam sebuah setting tertentu. Biasanya menggunakan busana dan mereka tampil dalam sebuah lingkungan visual, yang sering diiringi bunyi-bunyian.)","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":179,"width":228,"height":73,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, jelas bahwa komponen utama dari suatu tari adalah gerak tubuh yang didukung oleh komponen lain, antara lain musik/karawitan, rias Selanjutnya di bawah ini dibahas unsur-unsur","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":257,"width":229,"height":180,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gerak Garap gerak tari Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP lebih merupakan ’imitasi’ dari gerak ( sabet ) Cakil dalam pakeliran wayang kulit, terutama untuk gerak ceklèkan siku, dan garis gerak cenderung menggunakan garis menyamping horizontal. Hal ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh permainan gerak Cakil pada pertunjukan wayang kulit yang terkait dengan teknik garap bayangan yang cenderung bergerak dengan garis badan frontal menyamping kanan atau kiri mengikuti garis badan.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":456,"width":80,"height":17,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Karawitan Tari","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":476,"width":229,"height":45,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Karawitan tari yang digunakan dalam sajian tari Cakil banyak ragamnya, dan biasanya terdiri atas bentuk gendhing alit, yaitu Lancaran,","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":520,"width":228,"height":16,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ketawang , atau Ladrang , dan lainnya seperti","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":534,"width":229,"height":175,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Palaran , Srepeg atau Sampak . Pemilihan bentuk dan atau garap gending tersebut didasarkan atas kesesuaian antara rasa gending dengan suasana adegan dan atau karakter tokoh yang diiringi. Gendhing - gendhing yang sering digunakan dalam adegan perang kembang adalah: Ladrang Jangkrik Genggong sléndro sanga , Ketawang Subokastowo sléndro sanga , Ketawang Kasatriyan, Srepeg Alas-alasan slendro sanga , Kumuda sléndro sanga , Ladrang Sembung Gilang sléndro sanga , dan Sampak sléndro sanga .","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":89,"width":86,"height":17,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rias dan Busana","type":"Section header"},{"left":307,"top":109,"width":230,"height":177,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rias untuk wayang orang panggung dapat digolongkan sebagai rias karakter. Rias karakter ( caracter make-up ) adalah melukis dan menggarap wajah sesuai dengan peran. 2 Rias karakter untuk WOP ada empat macam, yaitu rias thelengan , rias buta (raksasa), rias prèngèsan , rias gusèn . Rias untuk tokoh Cakil pada dasarnya adalah rias prèngèsan . Kekhususan rias Cakil, atau yang membedakan rias untuk Cakil dengan tokoh lainnya terletak pada cangkeman yang dikenakan Cakil","type":"Text"},{"left":317,"top":438,"width":208,"height":27,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 6 . Rias Cakil Gaya Suyono (seniman WOP Sriwedari)","type":"Text"},{"left":331,"top":462,"width":177,"height":15,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"(Foto koleksi Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta)","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":637,"width":217,"height":39,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 7 . Rias Cakil Suyono lengkap dengan irahan dan cangkeman (Foto koleksi Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta)","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":741,"width":181,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2 RM. Harymawan, op. cit., hlm. 140","type":"Table"},{"left":290,"top":43,"width":120,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya","type":"Page header"},{"left":227,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"118","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":89,"width":229,"height":324,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Garap ruang Garap ruang pada hakekatnya adalah merupakan kerja kreatif seorang seniman dalam menata koreografinya dalam ruang tertentu. Garap ruang untuk sajian tari Cakil WOP sangat terikat bentuk dan luasan panggung prosenium yang dilengkapi dengan dekorasi layar dan side- wing . Side wing adalah garis batas panggung proscenium yang berada di sebelah kanan-kiri panggung yang berfungsi sebagai pintu masuk penari. Side wing ini sifatnya permanen, artinya untuk semua babak dan adegan-adegan menggunakan side-wing yang sama. Berbeda dengan dekorasi layar ( kelir ), yang disesuaikan dengan adegan-adegan. Dekorasi layar ini memakan tempat dan letaknya berbeda-beda. Ada dekorasi layar yang tempatnya agak di depan, di tengah, dan di belakang. Dekorasi layar yang letaknya di belakang berarti ruang panggung yang tersedia cukup luas. Sebaliknya dekorasi layar yang ada di depan membuat ruang panggung itu tidak begitu luas.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":414,"width":229,"height":279,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP terdapat dalam adegan alas-alasan . Adegan alas-alasan adalah menggambarkan adegan saat kesatria bersiap untuk melakukan semedi dan di sisi lain para raksasa penghalang keluar dari hutan belantara. Dekorasi layar yang digunakan untuk adegan tersebut adalah layar alas bolong . 3 Dengan dekorasi layar alas bolong ini, ruang panggung yang tersedia untuk menggarap gerak cukup leluasa, karena memungkinkan untuk menggarap ruang atas dengan sembunyi di belakang layar alas bolong . Penggarapan ruang panggung untuk adegan alas - alasan adalah sebagai berikut. Cakil keluar dari side wing kiri belakang dan bergerak ke kanan pada posisi di belakang layar alas bolong . Kemudian Cakil melakukan gerak Asakan dan Godaan . Asakan adalah adegan saat raksasa melakukan gerak bebas ( ngasak)","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":705,"width":227,"height":49,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3 Layar alas bolong adalah layar yang dibentuk menyerupai bentuk pohon-pohon dengan segala ranting dan daun yang dilobangi sehingga memungkinkan penari bergerak di celah-celah pepohonan.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":89,"width":229,"height":132,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"merusak dan melempar pepohonan, dedaunan, ataupun ranting yang ditemui . Garap ruang pada adegan ini selain ruang fisik yang terbangun melalui pola lantai dan garis gerak penari, juga menyangkut ruang maya (imajiner) yang menggambarkan adegan dua peristiwa yang tersaji dalam satu panggung. Adegan asakan ini diakhiri saat raksasa Cakil bertemu muka dengan kesatria yang sedang semadi.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":222,"width":229,"height":174,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Godaan adalah dari asal kata godha yang artinya rintangan yang menyebabkan orang masuk pada dosa. Adegan ini menggambarkan raksasa mencoba membatalkan samadi yang sedang dilakukan kesatria. Komposisi ruang yang ditampilkan biasanya Cakil bergerak mengitari Bambangan yang sedang samadi di posisi panggung tengah sebagai pancer di depan layar alas bolong . Garap ruang ini terkait dengan konsep simbolik Jawa kéblat papat limo pancer, bahwa manusia selalu dikelilingi oleh nafsu-nafsu yang datang dari empat penjuru.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":397,"width":229,"height":146,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Garap ruang pada adegan perangan biasanya lebih terfokus di panggung depan tengah dengan pola garap gawang jeblosan . Garap gawang jeblosan diawali dari gawang pokok kemudian bertukar tempat menjadi gawang jeblos . Pola garap gawang jeblosan ini dilakukan baik pada perang tangan, perang palaran, maupun perang keris. Pola garap gawang ini diakhiri matinya Cakil di gawang pokok.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":548,"width":86,"height":17,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Garap Tari Cakil","type":"Section header"},{"left":300,"top":568,"width":230,"height":174,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Garap tari Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP sangat ditentukan oleh masing-masing penari dalam menafsirkan karakter tokoh yang diperankan. Hal ini terkait dengan sifat pertunjukan WOP yang merupakan pertunjukkan komersial yang sangat membutuhkan kemampuan keaktoran atau bintang panggung. Menurut Sardono W Kusumo, seperti yang dikutip Rusini, bahwa dalam pertunjukan WOP aktor lebih berperan daripada sutradara. Oleh karena itu, WOP itu sebuah teater aktor, bukan teater sutradara. Dalam hal ini, kreativitas dalam","type":"Text"},{"left":234,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":514,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"119","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":42,"width":196,"height":12,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":89,"width":229,"height":60,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"pertunjukan WOP ditentukan oleh para pemain (aktor), bukan oleh sutradara. Itulah sebabnya, banyak pemain wayang orang yang terkenal, karena kreativitasnya. 4","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":150,"width":229,"height":304,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kreativitas atau kemampuan keaktoran pemain wayang dalam pertunjukan WOP itu biasanya terbatas pada tokoh-tokoh tertentu, yaitu tokoh-tokoh yang menjadi pusat perhatian penonton. Misalnya: Arjuna, Abimanyu (atau anak-anak Arjuna lainnya) Bima, Gatutkaca, Punakawan, Anoman, dan juga Cakil. Dalam sejarah pertunjukan WOP, banyak pemeran tokoh-tokoh tersebut yang menjadi primadona panggung dan dikenang oleh penontonnya. Misalnya Listyorini, Nanik Subroto untuk tokoh Arjuna/Abimanyu; Projobudiono (WO RRI), Suranto (Sriwedari) untuk tokoh Bima; Rusman (Sriwedari), Kusni (Ngesti Pandawa) untuk tokoh Gatutkaca; Sastro Sabdo, Surono, dan Mrajak untuk tokoh punakawan (Petruk, Bagong); Waluya untuk tokoh Anoman. 5 Di samping itu masih banyak orang-orang yang dikenang sebagai penari Cakil terbaik, seperti: Suharto Sukolewo (alm), Ndoro Bok (alm), Suratno 9alm), dan Cipto Dihardjo (alm).","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":459,"width":148,"height":35,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penari Cakil Era 1950 - 1970 Suharto Sukolewo","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":497,"width":229,"height":160,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Suharto Sukolewo adalah seorang abdi dalem “canthang balung” keraton Surakarta, yang kemudian menjadi penari Cakil wayang orang Sono Harsono/Eko Proyo (1944). Sebagai abdi dalem canthang balung keraton Kasunanan Surakarta, Suharto Sukolewo memiliki kemampuan kepenarian yang lengkap. Suharto Sukolewo dapat dikatakan sebagai seorang penari serba bisa, karena mampu menarikan dengan baik tari putra gagah, putra alus, gecul , bahkan tari putri.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":658,"width":229,"height":30,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"K.R.T. Tondokusumo menjelaskan bahwa Suharto Sukolewa merupakan pembaharu tari","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":693,"width":204,"height":61,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4 Periksa Rusini. Gathutkaca di Panggung Soekarno . (Surakarta: STSI Press), hlm. ix 5 Foto Waluyo dengan rias Anomannya diabadikan oleh Toko Emas Hanoman di Jalan Secoyudan Surakarta.","type":"Table"},{"left":307,"top":89,"width":229,"height":117,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cakil. Gaya tarinya dilandasi oleh penguasaan teknik tari yang baik dan pengalamannya sebagai penari canthang balung menjadikan tampilannya terkesan bregas kemaki. 6 Ketrampilan mengolah ceklèkan tangan yang luwes, dan wijang , sehingga tampilannya dalam memerankan tokoh Cakil sangat mayangkuliti ( seperti wayang kulit ).(S. Maridi, 17 Matret 1991)","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":225,"width":59,"height":17,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ndoro Bok","type":"Section header"},{"left":307,"top":245,"width":229,"height":160,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ndoro Bok, adalah penari Cakil sekaligus pimpinan perkumpulan wayang orang Langen Barata/Kridho Mudo tahun 1940-an. Ndoro Bok, diakui sebagai penari Cakil yang berkualitas. Hal ini karena Ndoro Bok selain memiliki dasar kemampuan kepenarian yang baik juga menguasai dasar gerak silat yang baik. Gaya tarinya lebih sebagai cakil jogèd. Ketrampilannya dalam mengolah senjata atau memainkan keris merupakan kelebihan lain yang dimilikinya. (KRT. Kusumabudoyo, 31 Agustus 2010)","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":410,"width":110,"height":17,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Suratno (1929 - 1997)","type":"Section header"},{"left":307,"top":428,"width":229,"height":203,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Suratno adalah penari Cakil wayang orang Sriwedari Surakarta era tahun 60-an. Suratno belajar tari secara otodidak dengan cara melihat dan menirukannya. Oleh karena ketekunan dan kecintaannya terhadap seni, menghantarkan Suratno bergabung pada perkumpulan WOP kelilingan. Beberapa perkumpulan WOP yang pernah diikuti berdasar ingatan Suratno antara lain, WOP Sri Tanjung (Kartasura), WOP Langen Baratha (Sragen), Sari Utomo (Pengging), dan Makutha Rama (Salatiga). Selanjutnya pada tahun 1957 mulai bergabung pada WOP Sriwedari di Surakarta.(Suratno, 24 Maret 1991).","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":632,"width":229,"height":88,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sebagai seniman WOP, Suratno memiliki kemampuan yang lengkap, yaitu teknik tari yang baik, vokal tembang yang baik, dan hayatan karakter yang kuat. Di era tahun 1960-an selain sebagai penari Cakil, Suratno juga menjadi pemeran tokoh Gatutkaca yang baik. Sebagai","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":729,"width":220,"height":25,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"6 Wawancara, KRT. Tondokusumo (S. Maridi) (alm) 17 Maret 1991","type":"Text"},{"left":290,"top":43,"width":120,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya","type":"Page header"},{"left":227,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"120","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":89,"width":229,"height":103,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"penari Cakil Suratno mempunyai ciri gerak fors (tegap). Gaya tari Suratno secara garis besar tidak berbeda dengan gaya tari Cakil WOP pada umumnya, baik dari struktur sajian, vokabuler gerak, maupun garapan pola lantainya. Tetapi jika dicermati teknik pelaksanaan geraknya, ia memiliki kekhasan yang sangat kuat.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":193,"width":228,"height":74,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tondokusumo mengungkapkan, bahwa tari Cakil Suratno sangat baik, gaya tampilannya kuat dan kenceng, karena memiliki dasar pencak silat yang baik. Ketrampilannya dalam mengolah perangan tangan dan perang keris sangat baik. 7","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":265,"width":229,"height":146,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hal ini juga diakui oleh Mrajak, bahwa gaya tari Suratno adalah Cakil jogèd . Sikap badannya tegap, tidak banyak mengolah liukan tubuh, dan gerakannya kuat. Selain memiliki karakter gagah kuat, Suratno juga sangat menguasai teknik-teknik gerak tertentu seperti teknik sawuran depan, ketegan leher, dan sempokan yang diambil dari gerak pencak. Teknik-teknik tersebut banyak ditiru oleh penari-penari Cakil generasi penerusnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":412,"width":229,"height":117,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Joko Suko Sadono, seniman tari dan juga penari Cakil, juga mengaku bahwa dalam menari Cakil ia mengadopsi teknik-teknik yang dikembangkan oleh Suratno. Gaya tari Cakil Suratno cenderung galak dan beringas karena dilandasi oleh penafsirannya, bahwa karakter Cakil itu seperti asu ajak (Srigala).(Suratno, Pebruari 1991)","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":533,"width":60,"height":17,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cipto Brejo","type":"Section header"},{"left":64,"top":554,"width":229,"height":174,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cipto Brejo (Cipto Dihardjo) (80 tahun), adalah penari Cakil wayang orang Ngesti Pandawa (Semarang). Sebagai penari Cakil, kualitas tari Cipto Brejo tidak diragukan lagi. Pada masa itu, kalau di Surakarta ada Suratno di Semarang ada Cipto. Menurut Tondokusuma, Cipto Brejo dan Suratno adalah dua penari Cakil yang memiliki kualitas yang seimbang. Suratno memiliki kekuatan dalam garap jogéd sedangkan Cipto Brejo memiliki kekuatan dalam hal trik-trik akrobatik. Cipto Brejo adalah Cakil wayang pesisiran sehingga cenderung sedikit","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":729,"width":220,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"7 Wawancara. KRT. Tondokusumo (S. Maridi)","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":741,"width":83,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"(alm) 17 Maret 1991","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":89,"width":229,"height":45,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"mengabaikan dasar-dasar jogéd Jawa, namun sangat kuat dalam mengolah ketrampilan gerak perangan.(S. Maridi, Pebruari 1991)","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":139,"width":154,"height":35,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penari Cakil Era 1980 - 1990 S. Pamardi","type":"Section header"},{"left":300,"top":174,"width":229,"height":103,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"S. Pamardi adalah dosen tari alus di Jurusan Tari ISI Surakarta. Ia belajar tari secara formal di SMKI Surakarta (lulus tahun 1975) dan ASKI Surakarta (lulus tahun 1982). Selain itu S. Pamardi juga banyak berguru tari pada S. Ngaliman dan S. Maridi, serta aktif dalam kegiatan teater.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":278,"width":229,"height":261,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"S. Pamardi sebagai seorang penari sangat cermat dalam memahami kemampuan atau bekal yang dimilikinya guna menunjang penampilannya. Ia menari Cakil sejak usia Sekolah Dasar, yaitu sebagai penari Kalamarica pada pertunjukan Dramatari Ramayana Prambanan. Dengan kondisi tubuh yang kecil, S. Pamardi banyak mengekplorasi gerak-gerak kaki yang kesit (lincah). Garap irama nujah sangat mendominasi dalam olahan irama gerak tari Cakilnya. Pengalamannya sebagai aktor dalam pentas-pentas teater modern ikut mewarnai penampilannya sebagai penari Cakil, yaitu dalam mengolah ekspresi wajah. Selain dasar pembawaannya yang kemaki dan ketertarikannya mendalami tari geculan, karakter tari Cakil S. Pamardi terkesan cakrak, kemaki , dan licik.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":714,"width":201,"height":27,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 14 . Gaya S. Pamardi sebagai penari Cakil (Foto koleksi S. Pamardi)","type":"Text"},{"left":234,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":514,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"121","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":42,"width":196,"height":12,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":89,"width":107,"height":17,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tari Cakil Didik BW","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":109,"width":229,"height":203,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Didik BW adalah dosen tari Sala gagah gaya Surakarta pada Jurusan Tari ISI Surakarta. Atas dukungan ayahnya, Didik sejak usia 14 tahun sudah mengenal dan belajar tari tradisi gaya Surakarta pada Yayasan Kesenian Indonesia (YKI) Surakarta. Pengalamannya belajar tari dengan S. Witoyo, S. Maridi, Radiyono, Sunarno, dan Suratno (WOP Sriwedari), telah banyak memberikan inspirasi gaya kepenarian Didik. Sebagai penari Cakil seangkatan S. Pamardi (tahun 1980-an) di Sasonomulya ketika menjadi mahasiswa ASKI Surakarta, dia banyak mendapatkan gemblengan dari Gendhon Humardani.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":314,"width":229,"height":189,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Melalui latihan fisik (injeksi pagi), teknik kelincahan, teknik keringanan (meringankan tubuh), dan teknik penguatan kaki menjadikan bekal yang besar dalam pembentukan karakter tari Cakilnya. Berpijak dari pengalaman- pengalaman tersebut gaya tari Cakil Didik selain terilhami dari gaya tari Cakil Suratno dan S. Maridi yang force (kuat bertenaga), juga terkesan ringan melayang yang merupakan ciri atau kekhasan tari Cakilnya. Selain itu garap irama gerak nujah seperti halnya S. Pamardi, dikembangkan untuk membangun karakter Cakilnya yang kesit, trincing.","type":"Text"},{"left":74,"top":663,"width":221,"height":39,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 15 . Rekonstruksi Gaya Tari Cakil Didik oleh Anggono (Foto Nurochim koleksi Jurusan tari)","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":89,"width":187,"height":17,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penari Cakil Era STSI (1990 – 2000)","type":"Section header"},{"left":307,"top":109,"width":230,"height":74,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penari Cakil di era tahun 1990 - 2000, merupakan penari-penari hasil didikan transisi antara gaya Sasonomulyo dan didikan murni lembaga formal STSI. Mereka adalah Karyono dan Jonet Sri Kuncoro.","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":188,"width":48,"height":17,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Karyono","type":"Section header"},{"left":307,"top":208,"width":229,"height":246,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Karyono adalah dosen jurusan tari Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan ISI Surakarta lulus sebagai sarjana seni SI dengan minat utama kepenarian pada tahun akademik 1987/1988. Selanjutnya pada tahun akademik 2007/2008 Karyono lulus Pasca Sarjana S2 Penciptaan Seni ISI Surakarta. Pengalaman kepenariannya lebih banyak diperoleh melalui pendidikan formal dan kegiatan pentas yang bersifat massal yang membutuhkan kerampakan gerak. Proses pembelajaran kepenariannya yang dialami cenderung menggunakan teknik-teknik baku. Itu dilakukan guna mempermudah proses pembelajaran yang sangat kental dengan konsep penyederhanaan gerak dan hitungan gerak secara matematis yang melahirkan teknik gerak yang kaku dan kurang lentur .","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":455,"width":230,"height":161,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berpijak dari proses pengalaman kepenarian yang sistimatis tersebut, Cakilan Karyono cenderung bermain pada bentuk dan teknik dasar berkualitas gagah yang lebih mengandalkan kekuatan otot dengan permainan garis-garis gerak yang tajam. Wahyu S. P. menegaskan bahwa gaya cakilan Karyono cenderung bermain pada bentuk-bentuk dan garis-garis. 8 Berpijak dari bekal kepenarian tersebut dan ditunjang bentuk tubuh yang sedang gaya cakilan Karyono cenderung pada karakter","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":614,"width":202,"height":140,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cakil kemaki dan ngglécé. 8 Wawancara. Wahyu S.P. Nopember 2010","type":"Table"},{"left":290,"top":43,"width":120,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya","type":"Page header"},{"left":227,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"122","type":"Page footer"},{"left":66,"top":245,"width":223,"height":39,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 50 . Adegan Margocatur dengan penari urut dari kiri, Karyono, Didik BW, dan Jonet S.K. (Foto koleksi Didik BW)","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":300,"width":89,"height":17,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jonet Srikuncoro","type":"Section header"},{"left":64,"top":321,"width":229,"height":260,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jonet Srikuncoro, dosen jurusan tari Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan ISI Surakarta. Jonet Srikuncoro dilahirkan dari keluarga seniman WOP Sriwedari Surakarta. Sejak kecil Jonet telah bergelut dengan dunia seni tradisi khususnya pertunjukkan WOP dan juga seni tari. Sejak usia 9 tahun telah aktif berlatih tari di Yayasan Kesenian Indonesia (YKI) Surakarta di bawah bimbingan guru tari Radiono dan S. Witoyo. Aktivitas di bidang tari berlanjut hingga dewasa. Selain lulus pendidikan pada Sekolah Menengah Karawitan Indonesia (SMKI) Surakarta pada tahun 1983/1984, juga lulus sebagai sarjana seni SI dengan minat kepenarian 1988/1989. Jonet juga melanjutkan pendidikan Pasca Sarjana S2 program studi Penciptaan seni ISI Surakarta dan lulus pada tahun akademik 2006/2007.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":583,"width":229,"height":160,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berpijak dari pengalaman belajar tari baik formal maupun non-formal yang dialaminya, Jonet tumbuh sebagai penari yang baik khususnya untuk tari-tari gagahan seperti Kera, Bugis, Cakil. Untuk tari Cakil, gaya Cakilan Jonet cenderung bermain pada teknik-teknik yang mengandalkan kekuatan dan kecepatan kaki. Gaya Cakilannya cenderung pada garap Cakil yang trincing, kemaki. Hal ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuanya sebagai penari kera, dan ditunjang dengan bentuk tubuh yang","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":89,"width":229,"height":45,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"sedikit pendek memberikan kesan yang kuat dalam menampilkan teknik kaki dengan tempo cepat.","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":276,"width":214,"height":27,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 51 . Jonet sebagai penari Cakil adegan perang kembang (Foto koleksi Jonet S.K)","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":320,"width":177,"height":17,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penari Cakil Era ISI (2001 – 2010)","type":"Section header"},{"left":300,"top":340,"width":229,"height":131,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Para penari Cakil era ISI Surakarta umumnya memiliki gaya penampilan yang relatif sama, terutama yang menyangkut teknik- teknik dasar menari Cakil. Hal itu karena mereka belajar pada guru-guru dan sekolah yang sama, yaitu ISI Surakarta. Namun demikian sebagai penari Cakil, masing-masing memiliki kekhasan yang didasarkan atas bakat dan potensi tubuh yang dimiliki dan juga pengalamannya.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":490,"width":138,"height":17,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Anggono Kusuma Wibowo","type":"Section header"},{"left":300,"top":510,"width":229,"height":232,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Anggono Kusuma Wibowo, dosen jurusan tari Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan ISI Surakarta lulus sebagai sarjana seni SI dengan minat kepenarian pada tahun 2000/2001. Kecintaan terhadap tari tradisi Surakarta sudah muncul sejak Sekolah Dasar ketika ditunjuk untuk mengikuti Pekan Olah Raga dan Seni (Porseni) tingkat sekolah dasar se-Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Melalui kegiatan Porseni, Anggono sempat mengenyam sentuhan pelatihan tari oleh tokoh tari tradisi Surakarta K.R.T. Tondokusuma (S. Maridi). Rasa cinta pada tari tersebut menghatar Anggono untuk melanjutkan pendidikan di SMKI Surakarta (dahulu Konsevatori) 1996. Selain itu Anggono juga aktif terlibat pada kegiatan kelompok tari Taksu Taman Budaya (TBS) Surakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":234,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":514,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"123","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":42,"width":196,"height":12,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":89,"width":229,"height":146,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sebagai penari Cakil Anggono pernah terpilih sebagai penari Cakil terbaik tingkat Propinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2000, yang menghatarkan Anggono untuk mengikuti misi perdagangan Propinsi Jawa Tengah ke Austria pada tahun 2001. Tubuhnya yang kecil ramping dan ditunjang ketrampilannya dalam mengolah teknik gerak kaki yang cepat dan ringan menghasilkan karakter Cakil yang lincah kemaki, cenderung ngglécé .","type":"Text"},{"left":73,"top":370,"width":223,"height":27,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 52 . Gaya Anggono sebagai penari Cakil (Foto koleksi Anggono)","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":414,"width":135,"height":17,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Wahyu Sapta Pamungkas","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":434,"width":229,"height":131,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Seperti halnya Jonet, Wahyu Sapta Pamungkas, adalah penari yang dilahirkan dari keluarga seniman WOP Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Surakarta. Ayahnya yang mantan penari Cakil WOP RRI Surakarta di era tahun 1970-an, menjadikan ia sejak kecil sudah terbiasa melihat pertunjukan seni. Aktivitasnya belajar tari di sanggar tari makin memupuk kecintaannya terhadap tari tradisi.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":566,"width":229,"height":175,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Selain lulus dari pendidikan formal bidang seni (tari) di SMKI yang sekaramg mejadi SMKN 8 Surakarta tahun 1999, Wahyu Sapta Pamungkas juga merupakan alumni jurusan tari ISI Surakarta minat utama kepenarian spesialis tari Cakil dan lulus tahun 2005. Berbekal pengalamannya mendalami tari Cakil di ISI Surakarta, saat ini Wahyu S. P, merupakan penari Cakil pada WOP RRI Surakarta. Dengan bentuk tubuh yang kecil dan tinggi Wahyu S.P. dalam memerankan tokoh Cakil cenderung mengeksplorasi garis-garis gerak yang panjang","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":89,"width":229,"height":60,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"dan tajam dengan menggarap tempo cepat. Dari unsur-unsur garap gerak tersebut gaya Cakilannya cenderung pada kualitas gerak Cakil yang kuat ( fors ) dengan karakter galak bengis.","type":"Text"},{"left":315,"top":287,"width":211,"height":51,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 53 . Adegan Alas-alasan tari Perang Kembang oleh Wahyu Sapto P. Dalam rangka ujian Tugas Akhir S1 Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta 2005 (Foto koleksi Wahyu Sapto P)","type":"Text"},{"left":310,"top":497,"width":218,"height":39,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 54 . Adegan perang gaya Wahyu S. Dalam rangka ujian Tugas Akhir S1 Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta 2005 (Foto koleksi Wahyu Sapto S)","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":552,"width":81,"height":17,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"KESIMPULAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":307,"top":572,"width":230,"height":74,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan uraian dan paparan pada bab-bab yang tersaji di depan, maka sesuai dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan penelitian dalam perumusan masalah, kiranya dapat disimpulkan hal-hal sebagai berikut.","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":647,"width":229,"height":102,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pertama, tari Cakil adalah salah satu genre tari tradisi gaya Surakarta yang telah tua dan mengalami perkembangan sesuai dengan dinamika kehidupan masyarakat zamannya. Tari Cakil mulai eksis sebagai wirèng Bambangan Cakil pada masa pemerintahan Mangkunegara I. Dalam perkembangannya, selama kurun","type":"Text"},{"left":290,"top":43,"width":120,"height":13,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya","type":"Page header"},{"left":227,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"124","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":89,"width":229,"height":621,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"waktu setengah abad (1910-an -1960-an) sosok Cakil menjadi salah satu ‘primadona’ dalam pertunjukan tobong WOP. Di luar tobong WOP dan di luar tembok keraton, tari Cakil juga tumbuh dan berkembang dalam bentuk fragmen, pethilan , dan wirèng pethilan . Tari Cakil yang tumbuh dan berkembang di luar tobong WOP dan keraton mampu melintas ‘kaidah-kaidah’ tari tradisi, dan muncul sebagai tari Cakil masa kini atau ‘kontemporer’. Perkembangan tari Cakil dari wirèng (keraton) Bambangan Cakil hingga menjadi wujudnya yang ‘kontemporer’, tidak lepas dari peran seniman-seniman tari (penyusun ataupun penari) maupun pemikir kehidupan tari tradisi. Mereka antara lain: Suharto Sukolewo, Ndoro Bok, Suratno, Ciptodiharjo, Kusumokesowo, Sindhu Suhardiman, Atmohutoyo, Wignyahambeksa, S. Maridi, Sentot Sudiarto, Joko Suko Sadono, Tan Gwan Hien, S. Witoyo, S. Pamardi, dan Didik Bambang Wahyudi. Khusus untuk tari Cakil ‘kontemporer’, proses pembentukannya mulai terasa sejak tari tersebut dijadikan mata pelajaran di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan formal bidang seni, seperti Konservatori (SMKI/SMKN 8), ASKI/STSI/ISI termasuk PKJT. Kesadaran atau konsep tentang ‘tradisi yang kontemporer’ dari Gendon Humardani, sejak tahun 1971 mulai dijadikan dasar untuk menggarap tari tradisi, termasuk tari Cakil. Dari sana lahir koreografi dan garapan tari Cakil kontemporer yang digarap oleh seniman- seniman muda kreatif, seperti: Sunarno, Didik Bambang Wahyudi, dan S. Pamardi. Antara lain: Kalamarica dalam Sendratari “Sinta Hilang” (karya Sunarno); Srikandhi Cakil (karya S. Pamardi dan Sri Martati), Anoman Cakil (karya Didik B.W. dan S. Pamardi), Cecakilan (karya Didik B.W), dan Cakil Kiprah (karya Didik B.W). Dari bimbingan mereka lahir penari- penari Cakil kontemporer seperti: Karyono, Jonet Sri Kuncoro, Anggono Kusumo Wibowo, dan Wahyu Sapto Pamungkas.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":711,"width":228,"height":31,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kedua, salah satu faktor yang membuat tari Cakil berkembang adalah para seniman tari,","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":89,"width":229,"height":405,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"baik koreografer (penata/penyusun) maupun penari itu sendiri. Mereka dianugerahi Tuhan talenta (tubuh, ketrampilan, dan kepekaan rasa) yang dipupuk sendiri berdasarkan visi, lingkungan, dan jiwa zaman. Dengan kata lain, talenta mereka yang baik itu dapat berkembang karena faktor-faktor eksternal. Visi atau pandangan mereka dipengaruhi oleh guru-guru mereka, baik yang terjadi di lingkungan tobong-tobong, paguyuban- paguyuban, sanggar-sanggar, maupun sekolah- sekolah / akademi-akademi. Selain guru-guru seperti Kusumokesowo, Sindhu Suhardiman, Atmohutoyo, Wignyahambeksa, dan S. Maridi, para penari Cakil tobong WOP seperti Suharto Sukolewo, Ndoro Bok, Suratno, Ciptodiharjo, juga menjadi acuan bagi generasi penari berikutnya. Visi dan pandangan mereka juga dipengaruhi oleh jiwa zaman yang mengalami perkembangan secara dinamis. Namun, hal itu tidak begitu saja terjadi tanpa andilnya pembina yang memiliki power (kewenangan dan keuangan), memiliki konsep pengembangan yang jelas, semangat dan disiplin, serta mau bekerja keras. Tanpa mengenyampingkan peran guru-guru dan seniman senior, pembina yang dimaksud adalah Gendon Humardani dengan lembaga PKJT/ASKI-nya.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":517,"width":109,"height":17,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"DAFTAR PUSTAKA","type":"Section header"},{"left":300,"top":538,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Adshead, Janet., Dance Analysis , Theory and Practice . London: Dance Books. 1988.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":573,"width":228,"height":46,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Brandon, James R., Jejak-jejak Seni Pertunjukan di Asia Tenggara. Terj. R.M. Soedarsono. Bandung: P4ST UPI, 2003.","type":"List item"},{"left":300,"top":624,"width":227,"height":46,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Bandem, I Made, dan Sal Murgiyanto., Teater Daerah Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Kanisius 1996.","type":"List item"},{"left":300,"top":675,"width":227,"height":61,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Brakel, Clara-Papenhuyzen., Seni Tari Jawa , Tradisi Surakarta dan Peristilahanya. Alih Bahasa Mursabyo. Jakarta: ILDEP-RUL. 1991.","type":"List item"},{"left":234,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":514,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"125","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":42,"width":196,"height":12,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":89,"width":227,"height":46,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hardjoprasonto, Soemardjo. Bunga Rampai Seni Tari Solo. Jakarta: Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. 1997.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":140,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Humardani, S.D. Kumpulan Kertas tentang Kesenian . Surakarta : ASKI, 1982.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":176,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Kumpulan Kertas Tentang Tari . Surakarta : ASKI, 1979/1980.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":211,"width":228,"height":46,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Masalah-masalah Dasar Pengembangan Seni Tradisi . Surakarta : ASKI Surakarta, 1979/1980.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":262,"width":229,"height":46,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hersapandi, Wayang Wong Sriwedari dari Istana menjadi Seni Komersial . Yogyakarta: Yayasan untuk Indonesia, 1999.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":313,"width":228,"height":61,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Holt, Claire, Melacak Jejak Perkembangan Seni di Indonesia. Terj. R.M. Soedarsono. Bandung: Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia, 2000.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":378,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kayam, Umar. Seni Tradisi Masyarakat . Jakarta : Sinar Harapan. 1981.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":414,"width":228,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Kelir Tanpa Batas. Yogyakarta : Gama Media. 2001.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":450,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Koentjaraningrat. Kebudayaan Jawa . Jakarta : Balai Pustaka, 1984.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":485,"width":228,"height":46,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Metode-metode Penelitian Masyarakat. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1997.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":536,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kuntowijoyo. Budaya dan Masyarakat . Yogyakarta : Tiara Wacana, 1987.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":572,"width":226,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Penjelasan Sejarah. Yogyakarta. Tiara Wacana. 2008.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":607,"width":227,"height":61,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Larson, George D. Masa Menjelang Revolusi Kraton dan Kehidupan Politik di Surakarta 1912 -1942 . Terj. A.B. Lapian. Yogyakarta : University Press. 1990.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":673,"width":229,"height":76,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Lindsay, Jenifer., Klasik Kitsch Kontemporer. Sebuah Studi tentang Seni Pertunjukan Jawa. Terj. Nin Bakdi Sumanto. Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University. 1990.","type":"List item"},{"left":307,"top":89,"width":230,"height":61,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Magnis, Franz Suseno., Etika Jawa . Sebuah Analisa Falsafi tentang Kebijaksanaan Hidup Jawa. Jakarta. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. 2001.","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":155,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Murgiyanto, Sal., Kritik Tari, Bekal & Kemampuan Dasar. Jakarta : MSPI. 2002.","type":"Text"},{"left":307,"top":191,"width":229,"height":46,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Ketika Cahaya Merah Memudar. Sebuah Kritik Tari., Jakarta : Deviri Ganan . 1993.","type":"List item"},{"left":307,"top":241,"width":227,"height":46,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Tradisi dan Inovasi, Beberapa masalah tari di Indonesia. Jakarta: Wedatama Widya Sastra, 2004.","type":"List item"},{"left":307,"top":292,"width":224,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Mulyono, Sri., Wayang dan Karakter Manusia. Jakarta : CV. Haji Masagung. 1989.","type":"List item"},{"left":307,"top":328,"width":228,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Nanda M. H., Ensiklopedi Wayang. Yogyakarta : Absolut. 2010.","type":"List item"},{"left":307,"top":363,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Purwadi, Falsafah Militer Jawa. Yogyakarta: Sadasiva, 2004","type":"List item"},{"left":307,"top":399,"width":229,"height":46,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ricklefs, M.C. Sejarah Indonesia Modern . Terj. Dharmono Hardjowidjono. Gajah Mada Yogyakarta : University Press. 1995.","type":"List item"},{"left":307,"top":450,"width":227,"height":16,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rustopo, “ Gendhon Humardani (1923-1983)","type":"Text"},{"left":336,"top":465,"width":200,"height":91,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":": Arsitek dan Pelaksana Pembangunan Kehidupan Seni tradisi Jawa yang Modern Mengindonesia, suatu Biografi.” Tesis S2 Program Studi Sejarah Fakultas Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gajah Mada. Yogyakarta : UGM. 1990.","type":"List item"},{"left":307,"top":560,"width":229,"height":76,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Menjadi Jawa: Orang-orang Cina dan Kebudayaan Jawa di Surakarta 1895 – 1998 . Disertasi S3 Program Studi Universitas Gajah Mada. Yogyakarta. 2006.","type":"List item"},{"left":307,"top":641,"width":229,"height":46,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sedyawati, Edi, ed. Tari : Tinjauan dari Berbagai Segi . Jakarta : Pustaka Jaya. 1984.","type":"List item"},{"left":307,"top":692,"width":228,"height":31,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Seno A. Sastroamidjojo., Renungan Tentang Pertunjukan Wayang Kulit. Djakarta: P.T.","type":"List item"},{"left":336,"top":722,"width":104,"height":16,"page_number":17,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kinta Djakarta. 1964.","type":"Text"},{"left":290,"top":43,"width":120,"height":13,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya","type":"Page header"},{"left":227,"top":789,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":787,"width":18,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"126","type":"Page footer"},{"left":64,"top":89,"width":228,"height":46,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Supriadi, Dedi., Kreativitas Kebudayaan & Perkembangan IPTEK. Bandung. Alfabeta. 1994.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":139,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Schechner, Richard., Performance Studies. An introduction . London. Routledge. 2003.","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":173,"width":229,"height":31,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Perfomance Theory . London, Routledge, 1988","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":207,"width":227,"height":46,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Soedarsono, R.M.. Wayang Wong , Drama Tari Ritual Kenegaraan di Keraton Yogyakarta , Yogyakarta: ISI Yogyakarta 1990.","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":256,"width":229,"height":46,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia . Di Era Globalisasi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. 2002","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":306,"width":227,"height":46,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Seni Pertunjukan, Dari Perspektif Politik, Sosial, dan Ekonomi . Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press, 2003.","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":355,"width":228,"height":46,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia dan Pariwisata, Bandung: Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia, 2001.","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":404,"width":228,"height":61,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Metodologi Penelitian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa. Bandung: Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia, 1999.","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":468,"width":229,"height":61,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Strinati, Dominic., Popular Culture . Pengantar Menuju Teori Budaya Populer . Terj. Abdul Mukhid. Yogyakarta. Bentang. 1995.","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":533,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sumardjo, Jakob., Teater dan Drama Indonesia. Bandung. STSI Press. 1997.","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":567,"width":224,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"__________, Filsafat Seni. Bandung : ITB. 2000.","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":586,"width":108,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Supanggah, Rahayu.,","type":"Text"},{"left":172,"top":586,"width":119,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Bothekan Karawitan II,","type":"Picture"},{"left":92,"top":601,"width":165,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Garap . Surakarta. ISI Press. 2007.","type":"List item"},{"left":64,"top":620,"width":228,"height":32,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Solichin., Wayang . Masterpiece Seni Budaya Dunia . Jakarta : Sinergi Persadatama","type":"List item"},{"left":92,"top":650,"width":88,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Foundation. 2010.","type":"Text"},{"left":64,"top":670,"width":228,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Serat Sastramiruda . Terj. Kamajaya, Trans.","type":"Text"},{"left":92,"top":685,"width":201,"height":61,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sudibyo Z. Hadisucipto. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Proyek Penerbitan Buku Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah, 1981.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":89,"width":91,"height":17,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"NARA SUMBER","type":"Section header"},{"left":300,"top":110,"width":229,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Asmorohadi (K.R.T.Kusumobudoyo) (67)","type":"Text"},{"left":328,"top":125,"width":76,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Seniman WOP.","type":"List item"},{"left":300,"top":146,"width":229,"height":31,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cipto Diharjo (72) Seniman WOP Ngesti Pandawa Semarang.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":181,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Daryono (53), dosen tari Instistut Seni Indonesia (ISI). Surakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":217,"width":216,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Joko Suko Sadono (60) Seniman tari Jakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":238,"width":178,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"S. Maridi (alm), empu tari Surakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":258,"width":229,"height":31,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sardono Mloyowibakso (67) Seniman WOP RRI Surakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":294,"width":207,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sunarno (56), dosen tari S.T.S.I Surakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":315,"width":213,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Suratno Seniman WOP Sriwedari Surakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":335,"width":227,"height":31,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tan Gwan Hien (65) Seniman dan Penari Cakil WOP PMS.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":371,"width":226,"height":31,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Wahyu Santosa Prabawa (57), dosen tari S.T.S.I. Surakarta.","type":"List item"},{"left":300,"top":407,"width":194,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Murdadi (alm) Seniman WOP Sriwedari","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":427,"width":229,"height":31,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Surono Rono Wibaksa (alm) Seniman WOP Sriwedari","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":463,"width":226,"height":31,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dradjat Waluya (alm) Seniman WOP Sri Wanita Semarang","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":499,"width":224,"height":16,"page_number":18,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hadi Sutarto (alm) Seniman WOP RRI Surakarta","type":"Text"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 514,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"109\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 42,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 186,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 232,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"GARAP TARI CAKIL GAYA SURAKARTA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 241,\n \"top\": 131,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Didik Bambang Wahyudi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 229,\n \"top\": 158,\n \"width\": 144,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta Email: didik@isi-ska.ac.id\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 290,\n \"top\": 212,\n \"width\": 51,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ABSTRAK\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 238,\n \"width\": 464,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini secara singkat mendiskusikan garap tari Cakil di Surakarta, memahami dan menjelaskan secara deskriptif keberadaan dan perkembangan tari Cakil sebagai genre; Wireng, Fragmen, Wireng Pethilan dan juga sebagai bagian dari drama tari tradisional (wayang orang panggung). Penjelasan deskriptif terdiri dari 1) latar belakang sejarah, fungsi dan eksistensi cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit; 2) Perkembangan Cakil sebagai pertunjukan tari termasuk bentuk dan makna dalam pembahasan tentang unsur-unsur tari menjadi satu kesatuan dalam garap (totalitas bentuk dan ide) pertunjukan. Penelitian ini ingin menjelaskan keberadaan tari cakil melalui perkembangan zaman dalam garap pertunjukan. 3) adanya orang-orang yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan dan perkembangan tarian ini.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 99,\n \"top\": 340,\n \"width\": 178,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kata kunci: Cakil, tari, pengembangan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 289,\n \"top\": 375,\n \"width\": 52,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ABSTRACT\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 401,\n \"width\": 464,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"This writing, briefly, Garap Tari Cakil in Surakarta, were understanding and explaining descriptively existence and development of Cakil dance as genres; wireng, fragmen, wireng pethilan and also as a part of traditional dance drama (wayang orang panggung). Descriptive explanation consist of 1) historical background, function and existence of cakil in shadow puppet player (pertunjukan wayang kulit; 2) Cakil development as a dance performance including form and meaning in a discussion about the dance elements become a unity in garap (totality of form and idea) of the performance. This study wanted to explain the existence of cakil dance through the times in garap of the performance. 3) the existence of people who influenced to the change and development of this dance.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 99,\n \"top\": 503,\n \"width\": 165,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keyword: Cakil, dance, development.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 550,\n \"width\": 93,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PENDAHULUAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 570,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 174,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tokoh Cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang merupakan sosok yang unik. Tokoh Cakil hampir selalu hadir pada setiap pertunjukan wayang, baik pada pertunjukan wayang kulit maupun wayang orang. Tokoh Cakil bahkan menjadi maskot yang kehadirannya selalu diharapkan dan ditunggu oleh penonton. Lewat atraksi gerak yang ditampilkan dan juga banyolan-banyolan yang dihadirkannya, Cakil selalu menarik dan mampu memberikan suasana segar bagi penonton. Secara wujud fisik, perilaku, dan kepribadiannya banyak ditemukan keunikan-\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 561,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"keunikan, di antaranya bentuk muka, rias wajah, busana yang dikenakan, teknik gerak, dan nada bicaranya sangat khas dan selalu menjadi hal yang menarik untuk diperbincangkan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 622,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 131,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pembahasan tentang c akilan atau garap tari Cakil dalam tulisan ini meliputi gaya ( style ), susunan tari, teknik, dan vokabuler gerak untuk mengekspresikan karakter tokoh Cakil. Ditinjau dari hal tersebut, ada dua garap tari Cakil yang sangat berbeda yaitu, cakilan keraton ( wirèng ), dan cakilan Wayang Orang Panggung (WOP). Tari Cakil ( wirèng ) keraton, di kalangan masyarakat luas biasanya disebut tari pethilan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 290,\n \"top\": 43,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 227,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"110\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Bambangan Cakil. Pethilan dari kata petikan, yang artinya bahwa tari tersebut dipetik dari adegan pertemuan dan atau peprangan antara tokoh bambangan (kesatria muda) dan tokoh Cakil dalam wayang kulit atau wayang orang. Tari Cakil WOP muncul dalam adegan perang kembang . Dalam adegan ini Cakil disertai dengan beberapa buta , dan Bambangan juga disertai dengan panakawan . Dalam perkembangannya,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 222,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 131,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tari Cakil gaya WOP lebih memasyarakat dan mampu bertahan hidup daripada Tari Cakil gaya keraton. Tari Cakil gaya keraton kurang memasyarakat, karena sangat terikat pada norma ataupun unggah-ungguh budaya kehidupan seni keraton (Maridi, wawancara Juli 1991). Selain itu aturan-aturan ( pakem ) Tari Tradisi Keraton yang ketat juga sangat membelenggu perkembangan tari itu sendiri.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 354,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 304,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Perkembangan dan kehidupan satu gaya tari tidak dapat dipisahkan dari dua hal pokok, yaitu seniman dan pengamat/penonton. Seperti halnya tari Cakil WOP tidak akan hidup dan berkembang tanpa dukungan penari-penari yang berkualitas sebagai penyaji dan penonton yang apresiatif. Dengan demikian, eksistensi dan kreativitas penari khususnya penari Cakil sangat berperan besar dalam menentukan arah kehidupan tari Cakil. Melalui kreativitas penari sebagai seniman penyaji, sebuah pertunjukan akan dapat diapresiasi dengan baik oleh masyarakat pendukungnya. Hal ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh sifat pertunjukan yang sangat tergantung pada eksistensi, kreativitas, dan ketokohan atau keaktoran para penarinya serta penonton sebagai penanggap. Meskipun hal itu juga tidak dapat lepas dari adanya faktor-faktor lain yang terkait, di antaranya seniman penata, yaitu sutradara (dalam pertunjukan wayang orang) dan koreografer.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 659,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 88,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sejalan dengan perubahan zamannya, perkembangan dan kemajuan teknologi informasi dan media telah mengubah gaya hidup dan pemikiran masyarakat luas. Masuknya film dan aneka macam hiburan yang ditayangkan melalui radio dan televisi telah mampu memalingkan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 146,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"kegemaran masyarakat dari budaya tradisi pertunjukan milik sendiri. Untuk itu bentuk- bentuk budaya tradisi seperti wayang orang dan tari semakin kurang diminati, tergeser, dan bahkan mati. Kehidupan WOP mengalami kemunduran yang sangat besar setelah tahun 1970-an. Kemunduran tersebut, sudah barang tentu berpengaruh terhadap tari Cakil, baik dalam hal aktivitas pertunjukannya maupun kemunculan penari Cakil yang berkualitas.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 254,\n \"width\": 53,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"METODE\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 274,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggali data pustaka serta melakukan wawancara dengan para pakar tari tradisi, khusunya tari Cakil di Surakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 367,\n \"width\": 115,\n \"height\": 41,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PEMBAHASAN Deskripsi Tokoh Cakil\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 411,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 131,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cakil adalah sosok atau figur dalam seni pewayangan. Cakil mula-mula muncul dalam pakeliran wayang kulit purwa . Menurut Serat Sastramiruda , Cakil muncul pertama kali pada tahun 1552 Ç atau tahun 1630 M, atau pada zaman pemerintahan Sultan Agung di Mataram. Angka tahun tersebut merupakan sengkalan memet berupa raksasa mrugan (istimewa) yang menjadi bagian dari teks berikut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 543,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 178,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rampungè karsa dalem mangun wayang purwa pinaringan sangkala memet rupa buta mrugan, ing padhalangan kaaranan panyaréng, kaaranan ing akéh buta Cakil. Wujudè wayang buta mata siji, tanganè loro anyangkelit keris. Siyungè siji metu teka ing lambè. ( Sudibyo Z. Hadi Sucipto, 1981: 18) Kamajaya menafsirkan sengkalan memet sebagai “Anembah gegamaning buta tunggal ”, atau tahun 1552 Ç . Sri Moeljono juga menandai Cakil muncul pada tahun 1552 Ç atau 1630 M, tetapi berdasarkan kronogram ( candra sengkala )\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 719,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"“ Tangan yaksa satataning janma ” (Kamajaya, 1981: 24)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 514,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 17,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"111\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 42,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 218,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Wujud Cakil dalam wayang kulit adalah raksasa ( buta ) yang memiliki ciri sangat berbeda dengan raksasa pada umumnya. Raksasa pada umumnya berciri badan besar dengan tangan belakang tidak dapat digerakan, sedangkan Cakil bertubuh kecil dan kedua tangannya dapat digerakkan. Perbedaan lainnya, raksasa pada umumnya digambarkan dengan mata bundar dan besar, sedangkan bentuk mata Cakil setengah memejam ( kriyipan ). Raksasa pada umumnya memiliki rahang atas lebih menonjol daripada rahang bawah, sedangkan Cakil rahang bawahnya lebih menonjol daripada rahang atasnya, dan gigi seri bawah menjulang melampaui hidungnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 308,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 131,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sosok Cakil hampir selalu muncul dalam lakon apapun. Oleh karena itu, memiliki nama yang banyak, sesuai dengan cerita atau lakon yang dibawakan oleh dalang. Nama-nama Cakil yang sering digunakan oleh dalang dalam pakeliran wayang kulit purwa antara lain: Gendir Penjalin, Carang Aking, Carang Puspita, Puspajala, Suksoro, Klanthang Mimis, Kala Marica, dan lainnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 441,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 45,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Karakter atau wanda wayang kulit Cakil ada tiga macam, yaitu: 1) wanda panji , 2) wanda kikik , dan 3) wanda manyore.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 487,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 102,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Wanda Panji, dicirikan dengan wajah tu- mungkul , bentuk badan pajeg (tegak), leher besar, bahu belakang lebih tinggi, dengan irah-irahan pogog dan tatanan busana rapèk . b. Wanda Kikik, dicirikan dengan wajah longok , bentuk badan bungkuk , leher agak pendek, irah-irahan busana rapèk .\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 587,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 45,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c. Wanda Manyore, wajah longok , bentuk badan sedang tidak bungkuk , menggunakan irah-irahan bodholan dengan rambut orèn .\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 639,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 103,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Namun dalam perjalanan kehidupan pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa , ciri-ciri yang terkait dengan wanda tersebut tidak lagi menjadi persoalan dalam mengembangkan kreativitas garap sabet dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit. Masing-masing dalang dapat mengembangkan ide kreatifnya dalam memilih wujud dan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 178,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"karakter Cakil sesuai interpretasinya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 321,\n \"top\": 289,\n \"width\": 200,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 1 . Wujud sosok Cakil wayang kulit purwa wanda Panji. (Foto Didik BW, 2010)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 320,\n \"top\": 536,\n \"width\": 199,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 2. Cakil wayang kulit purwa wanda Kikik. (Foto Didik BW, 2010)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 290,\n \"top\": 43,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 227,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"112\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 292,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar. 3 . Wujud Cakil wayang purwa wanda Manyore. (Foto Didik BW, 2010)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 331,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 423,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tokoh Cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa mempunyai peran yang cukup penting dalam membangun alur dramatik pertunjukan wayang purwa. Secara umum kehadiran Cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa dapat dibedakan menjadi dua. Pertama, peran Cakil sebagai tokoh yang terkait dengan alur cerita. Kedua, Cakil hadir sebagai èdèn- èdèn atau kembangan yang berfungsi untuk memperindah pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa . Cakil sebagai bagian dari alur cerita kehadirannya dapat dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu sebagai buta prepat, dan sebagai buta utusan raja. Cakil sebagai buta prepat berperan menggoda kesatria yang sedang bertapa atau sedang melakukan samadi . Cakil sebagai utusan raja sabrangan atau kelompok jahat (antagonis) berperan memerangi musuh yaitu dari kelompok baik (protagonis). Cakil dikategorikan sebagai buta prepat atau raksasa empat sekawan yang selalu didampingi oleh tiga raksasa lainnya, yaitu Buta Rambut Geni, Buta Terong atau Galiuk, dan Pragalba. Buta prepat merupakan simbol dari nafsu-nafsu manusia yang selalu muncul ketika manusia menghadapi permasalahan dalam kehidupannya. Manusia sebagai makhluk Tuhan yang paling mulia, selain diberi akal budi juga disertai nafsu, yaitu sufiyah, aluamah, amarah , dam mutma’inah .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 610,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sebagai utusan raja, Cakil hadir dengan pasukan raksasa. Pasukan raksasa itu bisa berupa buta prepat atau bisa juga dengan bala bacingah, yang pada dasarnya adalah mewakili kelompok jahat (antagonis) yang ingin memanfaatkan situasi. Kehadiran kelompok ini kaitannya dengan alur cerita berfungsi sebagai permasalahan antara, yang kedudukannya untuk membangun alur dramatik pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa . Berkaitan dengan pernyataan tersebut Harymawan menyatakan, bahwa suatu lakon atau alur cerita harus menghidupkan pernyataan kehendak manusia menghadapi dua kekuatan yang saling beroposisi. Pertentangan dua kekuatan, yaitu antara protagonis dan antagonis, mengakibatkan apa yang dinamakan dramatic action . (RM. Harymawan, 1988: 9). Cakil hadir sebagai eden-eden (pemanis) pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa adalah terkait dengan struktur pertunjukan yang biasanya terbagi dalam wilayah waktu, yaitu wilayah waktu pathet nem , pathet sanga, dan pathet manyura. Pada bagian kedua pada wilayah waktu pathet sanga, secara struktur tersusun dalam beberapa adegan. Diawali dengan adegan gara - gara diikuti tampilnya tokoh punokawan (Semar, Gareng, Petruk, dan Bagong) sebagai pendamping kesatria utama. Kemudian adegan pertapan yang merupakan pertemuan kesatria dengan pendeta. Pada adegan ini biasanya seorang dalang menjabarkan konsep satriya pinandhita, yang berisi nasihat atau ngèlmu bagi kesatria utama. Adegan berikutnya adalah perang kembang , yaitu perang antara kesatria melawan raksasa yang menyimbolkan nafsu- nafsu manusia. Perang kembang yang syarat dengan makna simbolik ini selalu ditunggu- tunggu oleh penonton karena biasanya disajikan dengan suasana yang ringan, penuh humor, dan atraktif serta menghibur. Ketegangan rasa para penonton yang disebabkan oleh adegan-adegan sebelumnya berubah menjadi rasa senang.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 700,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 45,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam adegan perang kembang , penonton disuguhi garap sabet atau ketrampilan dalang dalam memainkan tokoh Cakil. Perang kembang\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 514,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"113\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 42,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 261,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"bisa dikategorikan sebagai salah satu édèn- édèn atau kembangan yang berfungsi untuk mempercantik/ memperindah pertunjukan. Disebut édèn-édèn karena adegan ini sering tidak terkait langsung dengan alur cerita yang disajikan, sebagaimana halnya dengan édèn- édèn yang lain, seperti abur-aburan (terbang), ambles bumi (masuk ke dalam bumi), dan sebagainya. Sebagai édèn-édèn , dalam adegan ini biasanya banyak ditampilkan berbagai variasi garap , baik garap sabet maupun garap gendhing . Popularitas seorang dalang dapat terbangun karena ketrampilannya dalam menggarap sabet perang kembang ini. Beberapa dalang wayang kulit purwa yang terkenal sebagai dalang sabet antara lain Ki Ganda Buwono, Ki Ganda Darsana, dan Ki Manteb Sudarsana. (Sholicin, 2010: 282 – 287).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 351,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 45,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cakil sebagai utusan raja seringkali hadir sebagai tokoh yang terkait cerita yang disajikan, misalnya sebagai berikut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 397,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 89,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Sosok Cakil hadir sebagai tokoh Kala Marica dalam cerita Ramayana. Dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa , sosok Kala Marica dibentuk dengan Cakil yang berhidung pesek, berambut orèn , dan dengan irah-irahan bodholan .\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 484,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 59,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Sosok Cakil hadir sebagai tokoh Janggis- rana, yang dibentuk dengan Cakil yang berhidung penthul dan dengan irah-irahan centho .\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 698,\n \"width\": 225,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 4. Wayang Kalamarica. (Foto Didik BW,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 170,\n \"top\": 710,\n \"width\": 26,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2010)\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 309,\n \"top\": 245,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 5. Wayang Janggisrana (Foto Didik BW, 2010)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 288,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 41,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cakil Sebagai Édèn-édèn ( Kembangan ) Cakil sebagai Repertoar Tari\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 332,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 247,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cakil sebagai repertoar pertunjukan tari wirèng sudah ada sejak masa pemerintahan Mangkunegara I (1757 – 1795) dalam bentuk tari pasangan Janaka dan Cakil. Oleh karena itu sering dikatakan, bahwa tari wirèng Cakil tersebut adalah karya Mangkunegara I. (Wahyu S. P, 2007: 120). Wirèng Cakil sebagai bentuk pertunjukan tari selain tumbuh di Pura Mangkunegaran juga berkembang di lingkungan tembok keraton Kasunanan Surakarta. W irèng Cakil adalah tari yang bertemakan perang dengan menghadirkan tokoh Cakil dan ksatria yang bersumber dari wiracarita Mahabarata atau Ramayana. Misalnya, wirèng Bambangan-Cakil adalah tari perang antara kesatriya (Harjuno, Abimanyu, Irawan, Rama, Lesmana) dengan raksasa penghalang Cakil.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 580,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 174,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Seperti telah dipaparkan di atas, tokoh Cakil muncul pada pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa pada adegan perang kembang . Sesuai dengan konsep dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa, Cakil dikategorikan sebagai buta penyarèng atau buta penghalang. Cakil merupakan perwujudan dari konsep nilai simbolik Jawa kategori dua, yaitu konsep keseimbangan adanya baik dan buruk, halus dan kasar, dan sebagainya. Menurut Koentjaraningrat, sistem klasifikasi simbolik yang didasarkan pada dua kategori yang dikaitkan oleh orang Jawa dengan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 290,\n \"top\": 43,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 227,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"114\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"hal-hal yang berlawanan atau bermusuhan. (Koentjaraningrat, 1994: 428). Keberadaan Cakil dalam konsep nilai ini adalah mewakili yang kasar, sombong (antagonis), sebagai lawan dari yang halus, rendah hati (protagonis).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 164,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 333,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Repertoar tari wirèng cakil dapat dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu jenis tari pasangan dan tari kelompok. Tari wirèng Cakil jenis pasangan biasanya disebut tari Bambangan Cakil, atau Janaka Cakil, atau bisa juga menampilkan tokoh lain Srikandhi Cakil. Tari Srikandhi Cakil muncul pada tahun 1971 yang disusun oleh K.R.T. Kusumokesowo, namun susunan tarinya sudah tidak terlacak lagi. Garap tari wirèng Cakil lebih menekankan pada konsep estetika tari tradisi yang tumbuh di dalam keraton. Tokoh Cakil tidak ditampilkan seperti halnya pada pertunjukan wayang kulit, namun digarap dalam bentuk beksa n wirèng . Ciri garap tari wirèng adalah, bahwa ekspresi dan karakter tokoh tidak ditampilkan secara vulgar, melainkan lebih menonjolkan jogèd atau beksa. Jogèd atau beksa adalah koreografi klasik yang sangat distilisasi terkait dengan aturan-aturan baku tari Jawa. Aturan-aturan baku dalam tari Jawa Surakarta terjabar di dalam delapan aturan dasar tari hasthasawanda , yaitu pacak, pancat, ulat, wilet, lulut, luwes, irama, dan gendhing.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 498,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 189,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tari wirèng Cakil tumbuh di dalam tembok keraton Kasunanan dan Mangkunegaran dengan gaya tarinya masing-masing. Penyebaran tari wirèng Cakil terbatas melalui pawiyatan- pawiyatan atau sanggar-sanggar tari yang biasanya dikelola oleh guru-guru tari yang terkait dengan abdi dalem keraton. (Clara Brakel P, 1991: 16 – 17). Misalnya, sanggar tari Yayasan Kesenian Indonesia (YKI) Surakarta dengan guru tari Radiono (alm). Koreografi atau struktur sajian tari wirèng Cakil terdiri atas empat bagian, yaitu maju beksan , beksan , perang , dan mundur beksan .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 692,\n \"width\": 67,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Maju beksan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 712,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Maju beksan adalah bagian dari struktur tari pada saat penari bergerak dari gawang\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 132,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"supono menuju gawang beksan . Penari ke luar berjalan kapang-kapang dan dilanjutkan laku jèngkèng menuju gawang supono (tengah belakang), sampai di tempat duduk silo anurogo . Mulai dari ke luar berjalan diiringi karawitan vokal ada-ada. Karawitan menyajikan gendhing S repeg , penari melakukan sembahan silantaya, sembahan jèngkèng, sabet an, lumaksana , ombak-banyu, srisig menuju gawang beksa n.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 225,\n \"width\": 37,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Beksa n\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 245,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 161,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Beksan adalah bagian pokok dari koreografi yang berisi sekaran-sekaran yang menggambarkan isi atau tema tari yang disajikan. Diawali dengan garap peralihan gendhing dari S repeg ke gendhing beksan . Gendhing Beksan yang biasa digunakan pada bagian ini adalah Ladrang Cluntang laras sléndro pathet sanga. Garap geraknya biasanya diawali dengan beksa n laras yang dilanjutkan dengan berbagai sekaran alusan untuk bambangan , dan untuk Cakil menggunakan pola gerak bapangan.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 407,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 189,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Garap pola lantai, seperti garap wirèng pada umumnya, diawali dari gawang pokok kemudian bergerak memutar dengan pola prapatan , yaitu dari gawang pokok menuju gawang prapatan , gawang jeblos, dan kembali ke gawang pokok. Untuk garap gawang tari wirèng Cakil, antara Kasunanan dan Mangkunegaran terdapat perbedaan yang mendasar, yaitu penempatan penari pada gawang pokok. Pada Kasunanan posisi Cakil berada di sebelah kiri panggung, sedangkan pada Mangkunegaran Cakil berada di sebelah kanan panggung.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 597,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 146,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penentuan gawang tari wirèng pethilan secara umum dipengaruhi oleh sistem penggolongan karakter berdasarkan simpingan wayang kulit purwa . Simpingan sebelah kanan dalang untuk tokoh-tokoh kelompok protagonis, dan simpingan sebelah kiri dalang untuk tokoh-tokoh kelompok antagonis. Namun konon karena arah pandang dan pertimbangan strata sosial penari bambangan yang biasanya diperankan oleh kerabat raja, maka gawang tari\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 514,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"115\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 42,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cakil gaya Mangkunegaran berbeda. (G.P.H. Herwasto Kusumo, 7 Februari 2011)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 124,\n \"width\": 49,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Perangan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 145,\n \"width\": 230,\n \"height\": 174,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Perangan dari asal kata perang yang artinya pertarungan atau perkelahian antara dua orang atau lebih, baik dengan menggunakan tangan kosong maupun menggunakan senjata. Akan tetapi perang dalam tari tidak secara wantah atau vulgar mempertunjukkan perkelahian, melainkan digarap sedemikian indah berdasarkan kaidah estetika (dan etika) tari tradisi keraton. Garap perangan terbagi dalam dua bagian, yaitu perang tangkepan (dengan tangan kosong), dan dilanjutkan dengan perang gaman (dengan menggunakan senjata).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 320,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gending untuk menyertai garap perang ini adalah Srepeg untuk perang tangan, dan berubah menjadi Sampak ketika sampai pada perang gaman hingga Cakil kalah atau mati.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 378,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ketika Cakil kalah atau jatuh tersimpuh di lantai, gending berubah menjadi Ayak-ayakan untuk mengiringi Bambangan menari mengelilingi Cakil dan kembali ke gawang pokok, lalu duduk jèngkèng nikelwarti.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 456,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 123,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Mundur Beksa n Mundur beksan adalah bagian akhir dari struktur tari. Setelah perang selesai, penari bergerak dari gawang beksan kembali ke gawang supono . Gending untuk mengiringi mundur beksa n adalah S repeg . Kedua penari melakukan sembahan , sabetan , srisig kembali ke gawang supono dan diakhiri dengan sembahan .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 598,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cakil dalam Pertunjukan Wayang Orang Panggung\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 636,\n \"width\": 230,\n \"height\": 117,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pertunjukan Wayang Orang Panggung (WOP) merupakan personifikasi dari pertunjukkan wayang kulit purwa. Seperti halnya dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa, Cakil hadir dalam adegan perang kembang , yaitu pada babak ke dua atau pada wilayah pathet sanga . Pembabakan dalam pertunjukan WOP mengikuti pembabakan pada pakeliran\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 231,\n \"height\": 425,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"wayang kulit purwa, yaitu berdasarkan wanci (waktu) p athet Nem, p athet Sanga dan pathet Manyura. Tema atau isu setiap babak juga mengacu pada tema/isu pada pakeliran wayang kulit purwa. Pathet Nem (babak pertama) isunya adalah “ada permasalahan”. Pathet Sanga (babak kedua) isunya adalah “upaya mencari pemecahan masalah”. Pathet Manyura (babak ketiga) isunya adalah “penyelesaian masalah”. Untuk menampung isu-isu tersebut agar lebih spesifik, maka setiap babak dibagi lagi menjadi beberapa adegan yang merupakan bangunan konflik terkecil dari sebuah bagian atau babak. Pertunjukan WOP adalah suatu pertunjukan komersial yang kelangsungan kehidupannya sangat ditentukan oleh kehadiran penonton. Untuk itu strategi kreatif dalam konteks membangun pasar sangat diperlukan. Strategi kreatif dalam pertunjukan WOP selain diperlukan kemampuan menejerial pemasaran yang baik, juga perlu didukung oleh seniman- seniman yang kreatif pula. Berkait dengan pernyataan ini, Kusumo Budoyo mengatakan, bahwa ada pertimbangan-pertimbangan utama agar pertunjukan tetap dihadiri penonton, yaitu pemilihan cerita, penataan casting ( dhapukan ), dan garap pertunjukannya. (Kusumobudoyo, 31 Agustus 2010).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 515,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 232,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pemilihan cerita dan panataan casting adalah dua hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Alasannya, untuk menyajikan pertunjukan yang menarik memerlukan pemeranan ( casting ) yang tepat sesuai dengan sumberdaya yang dimiliki. Sebagai sebuah panggung hiburan komersial, kehadiran primadona panggung sangat penting untuk menarik minat penonton. Oleh karena itu WOP memerlukan primadona-primadona panggung, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Sastro Sabdo, Rusman, Darsi, Surono, Listyorini, Nanik Subroto, adalah primadona-primadona panggung WOP pada zamannya. Banyak penonton yang menonton WOP bukan karena lakonnya yang menarik, tetapi karena antusias untuk melihat primadonanya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 290,\n \"top\": 43,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 227,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"116\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 160,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kehandalan suatu kelompok WOP, selain dari primadona panggung yang dimiliki, juga teknik-teknik atau trik-trik (atraksi-atraksi atau ‘tipuan-tipuan’) panggungnya. Penggarapan teknik atau trik abur-aburan (terbang) , trik malihan (berubah bentuk), trik ambles bumi (masuk ke dalam tanah), trik terjun ke laut, dan juga atraksi-atraksi akrobatik pada adegan perang kembang, menjadi daya tarik tersendiri yang dapat membuat penonton ketagihan untuk datang menonton lagi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 251,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 318,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peperangan antara kesatria dengan raksasa ini selalu dipertunjukkan dalam setiap lakon atau ceritera yang disajikan, baik terkait ataupun tidak dengan isi ceritera yang disajikan. Seperti dinyatakan Surono (Petruk), bahwa perang kembang adalah perang yang indah, merupakan bunga dari pertunjukan WOP. Perang kembang merupakan bagian yang sangat penting baik ditinjau dari alur cerita maupun dari sisi bentuk sajiannya. Dari alur cerita, penonton mulai dihantarkan pada upaya pemecahan permasalahan yang terjadi melalui dialog tokoh yang dihadirkan pada adegan ini. Dari sisi bentuk sajian, penonton akan mendapatkan sebuah pertunjukan yang sangat menarik, segar, penuh humor, dan trik-trik akrobatik oleh penari. Melalui adegan perang kembang penonton akan dibuat terpesona tampilnya seorang kesatriya (Jawa) yang halus, cakap, penuh pengendalian diri di satu sisi, dan di sisi lain penonton mendapat hiburan dari gerak-gerak atraktif yang ditampilkan oleh seorang penari Cakil.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 570,\n \"width\": 231,\n \"height\": 175,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"B e r k a i t a n d e n g a n f u n g s i d a n kedudukannya, maka Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP membutuhkan kemampuan kepenarian yang lengkap sebagai penari panggung. Seorang penari Cakil pada WOP tidak cukup hanya terampil dalam gerak tari, tetapi juga membutuhkan kemampuan humor guna merespons dialog punokawan. Dalam hal ini Kusumo Budoyo menyatakan, bahwa peran Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP sering digunakan sebagai peran antara menuju peran bintang panggung. (Kusumobudoyo, 12 Oktober 2005).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 117,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ini dilegitimasi dalam penyelenggaraan Festival Wayang Orang Panggung Amatir (WOPA) yang ke II di Surakarta, bahwa penilaian sebagai penyaji terbaik bukan hanya untuk pemeran Gatutkaca, tetapi juga untuk pemeran Bambangan Cakil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi Cakil sebagai bintang pertunjukan WOP tidak diragukan lagi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 225,\n \"width\": 118,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Garap Tari Cakil WOP\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 245,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 160,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Koreografi dan garap tari adalah dua hal yang berbeda namun merupakan satu kesatuan yang tak terpisahkan dalam membangun rasa tari. Koreografi adalah bentuk sedangkan garap adalah korelasi atau hubungan timbal balik antar elemen dalam membangun wujud yang terkait dengan rasa tari. Garap tari Cakil pada pertunjukan WOP sangat dipengaruhi oleh teknik pemanggungan, yaitu panggung prosenium dengan setting dekorasi kelir /layar bergambar (bercerita).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 407,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 102,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Setting dekorasi panggung yang digunakan dalam adegan Cakil pada pertunjukan WOP adalah hutan. Dengan kata lain, ceritanya terjadi di hutan. Maka secara garap tari Cakil, antara penari satu dan lainnya menggunakan pola sama. Garap sajiannya tersusun dalam bagian-bagian, yaitu alas-alasan, asakan, godaan dan Perang.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 510,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Seperti telah banyak didefinisikan oleh para ahli, bahwa tari adalah ungkapan pengalaman jiwa manusia yang diwujudkan melalui gerak tubuh yang berirama. Janet Ashead menyatakan sebagai berikut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 328,\n \"top\": 591,\n \"width\": 199,\n \"height\": 100,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \".......that it is made of movements which are performed by a single dancer or by a number of dancers, in a particular setting. These dancer(s) are usually clothed, sometimes in special costumes, and they perform in a visual environment, often with sound accompaniment. 1\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 697,\n \"width\": 193,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1 Periksa Janet Ashead. Dance Analysis.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 697,\n \"width\": 226,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Theory and Practice . (London: Dance Books, Cecil Court,\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 721,\n \"width\": 59,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1988), hlm. 21\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 514,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"117\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 42,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 88,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"(....bahwa tari tersusun dari gerakan- gerakan yang ditampilkan oleh penari atau sekelompok penari dalam sebuah setting tertentu. Biasanya menggunakan busana dan mereka tampil dalam sebuah lingkungan visual, yang sering diiringi bunyi-bunyian.)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 179,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, jelas bahwa komponen utama dari suatu tari adalah gerak tubuh yang didukung oleh komponen lain, antara lain musik/karawitan, rias Selanjutnya di bawah ini dibahas unsur-unsur\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 257,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 180,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gerak Garap gerak tari Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP lebih merupakan ’imitasi’ dari gerak ( sabet ) Cakil dalam pakeliran wayang kulit, terutama untuk gerak ceklèkan siku, dan garis gerak cenderung menggunakan garis menyamping horizontal. Hal ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh permainan gerak Cakil pada pertunjukan wayang kulit yang terkait dengan teknik garap bayangan yang cenderung bergerak dengan garis badan frontal menyamping kanan atau kiri mengikuti garis badan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 456,\n \"width\": 80,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Karawitan Tari\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 476,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 45,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Karawitan tari yang digunakan dalam sajian tari Cakil banyak ragamnya, dan biasanya terdiri atas bentuk gendhing alit, yaitu Lancaran,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 520,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ketawang , atau Ladrang , dan lainnya seperti\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 534,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 175,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Palaran , Srepeg atau Sampak . Pemilihan bentuk dan atau garap gending tersebut didasarkan atas kesesuaian antara rasa gending dengan suasana adegan dan atau karakter tokoh yang diiringi. Gendhing - gendhing yang sering digunakan dalam adegan perang kembang adalah: Ladrang Jangkrik Genggong sléndro sanga , Ketawang Subokastowo sléndro sanga , Ketawang Kasatriyan, Srepeg Alas-alasan slendro sanga , Kumuda sléndro sanga , Ladrang Sembung Gilang sléndro sanga , dan Sampak sléndro sanga .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 86,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rias dan Busana\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 109,\n \"width\": 230,\n \"height\": 177,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rias untuk wayang orang panggung dapat digolongkan sebagai rias karakter. Rias karakter ( caracter make-up ) adalah melukis dan menggarap wajah sesuai dengan peran. 2 Rias karakter untuk WOP ada empat macam, yaitu rias thelengan , rias buta (raksasa), rias prèngèsan , rias gusèn . Rias untuk tokoh Cakil pada dasarnya adalah rias prèngèsan . Kekhususan rias Cakil, atau yang membedakan rias untuk Cakil dengan tokoh lainnya terletak pada cangkeman yang dikenakan Cakil\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 317,\n \"top\": 438,\n \"width\": 208,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 6 . Rias Cakil Gaya Suyono (seniman WOP Sriwedari)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 331,\n \"top\": 462,\n \"width\": 177,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"(Foto koleksi Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta)\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 637,\n \"width\": 217,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 7 . Rias Cakil Suyono lengkap dengan irahan dan cangkeman (Foto koleksi Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 741,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2 RM. Harymawan, op. cit., hlm. 140\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 290,\n \"top\": 43,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 227,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"118\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 324,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Garap ruang Garap ruang pada hakekatnya adalah merupakan kerja kreatif seorang seniman dalam menata koreografinya dalam ruang tertentu. Garap ruang untuk sajian tari Cakil WOP sangat terikat bentuk dan luasan panggung prosenium yang dilengkapi dengan dekorasi layar dan side- wing . Side wing adalah garis batas panggung proscenium yang berada di sebelah kanan-kiri panggung yang berfungsi sebagai pintu masuk penari. Side wing ini sifatnya permanen, artinya untuk semua babak dan adegan-adegan menggunakan side-wing yang sama. Berbeda dengan dekorasi layar ( kelir ), yang disesuaikan dengan adegan-adegan. Dekorasi layar ini memakan tempat dan letaknya berbeda-beda. Ada dekorasi layar yang tempatnya agak di depan, di tengah, dan di belakang. Dekorasi layar yang letaknya di belakang berarti ruang panggung yang tersedia cukup luas. Sebaliknya dekorasi layar yang ada di depan membuat ruang panggung itu tidak begitu luas.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 414,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 279,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP terdapat dalam adegan alas-alasan . Adegan alas-alasan adalah menggambarkan adegan saat kesatria bersiap untuk melakukan semedi dan di sisi lain para raksasa penghalang keluar dari hutan belantara. Dekorasi layar yang digunakan untuk adegan tersebut adalah layar alas bolong . 3 Dengan dekorasi layar alas bolong ini, ruang panggung yang tersedia untuk menggarap gerak cukup leluasa, karena memungkinkan untuk menggarap ruang atas dengan sembunyi di belakang layar alas bolong . Penggarapan ruang panggung untuk adegan alas - alasan adalah sebagai berikut. Cakil keluar dari side wing kiri belakang dan bergerak ke kanan pada posisi di belakang layar alas bolong . Kemudian Cakil melakukan gerak Asakan dan Godaan . Asakan adalah adegan saat raksasa melakukan gerak bebas ( ngasak)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 705,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 49,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3 Layar alas bolong adalah layar yang dibentuk menyerupai bentuk pohon-pohon dengan segala ranting dan daun yang dilobangi sehingga memungkinkan penari bergerak di celah-celah pepohonan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 132,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"merusak dan melempar pepohonan, dedaunan, ataupun ranting yang ditemui . Garap ruang pada adegan ini selain ruang fisik yang terbangun melalui pola lantai dan garis gerak penari, juga menyangkut ruang maya (imajiner) yang menggambarkan adegan dua peristiwa yang tersaji dalam satu panggung. Adegan asakan ini diakhiri saat raksasa Cakil bertemu muka dengan kesatria yang sedang semadi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 222,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 174,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Godaan adalah dari asal kata godha yang artinya rintangan yang menyebabkan orang masuk pada dosa. Adegan ini menggambarkan raksasa mencoba membatalkan samadi yang sedang dilakukan kesatria. Komposisi ruang yang ditampilkan biasanya Cakil bergerak mengitari Bambangan yang sedang samadi di posisi panggung tengah sebagai pancer di depan layar alas bolong . Garap ruang ini terkait dengan konsep simbolik Jawa kéblat papat limo pancer, bahwa manusia selalu dikelilingi oleh nafsu-nafsu yang datang dari empat penjuru.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 397,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 146,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Garap ruang pada adegan perangan biasanya lebih terfokus di panggung depan tengah dengan pola garap gawang jeblosan . Garap gawang jeblosan diawali dari gawang pokok kemudian bertukar tempat menjadi gawang jeblos . Pola garap gawang jeblosan ini dilakukan baik pada perang tangan, perang palaran, maupun perang keris. Pola garap gawang ini diakhiri matinya Cakil di gawang pokok.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 548,\n \"width\": 86,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Garap Tari Cakil\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 568,\n \"width\": 230,\n \"height\": 174,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Garap tari Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP sangat ditentukan oleh masing-masing penari dalam menafsirkan karakter tokoh yang diperankan. Hal ini terkait dengan sifat pertunjukan WOP yang merupakan pertunjukkan komersial yang sangat membutuhkan kemampuan keaktoran atau bintang panggung. Menurut Sardono W Kusumo, seperti yang dikutip Rusini, bahwa dalam pertunjukan WOP aktor lebih berperan daripada sutradara. Oleh karena itu, WOP itu sebuah teater aktor, bukan teater sutradara. Dalam hal ini, kreativitas dalam\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 514,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"119\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 42,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"pertunjukan WOP ditentukan oleh para pemain (aktor), bukan oleh sutradara. Itulah sebabnya, banyak pemain wayang orang yang terkenal, karena kreativitasnya. 4\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 150,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 304,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kreativitas atau kemampuan keaktoran pemain wayang dalam pertunjukan WOP itu biasanya terbatas pada tokoh-tokoh tertentu, yaitu tokoh-tokoh yang menjadi pusat perhatian penonton. Misalnya: Arjuna, Abimanyu (atau anak-anak Arjuna lainnya) Bima, Gatutkaca, Punakawan, Anoman, dan juga Cakil. Dalam sejarah pertunjukan WOP, banyak pemeran tokoh-tokoh tersebut yang menjadi primadona panggung dan dikenang oleh penontonnya. Misalnya Listyorini, Nanik Subroto untuk tokoh Arjuna/Abimanyu; Projobudiono (WO RRI), Suranto (Sriwedari) untuk tokoh Bima; Rusman (Sriwedari), Kusni (Ngesti Pandawa) untuk tokoh Gatutkaca; Sastro Sabdo, Surono, dan Mrajak untuk tokoh punakawan (Petruk, Bagong); Waluya untuk tokoh Anoman. 5 Di samping itu masih banyak orang-orang yang dikenang sebagai penari Cakil terbaik, seperti: Suharto Sukolewo (alm), Ndoro Bok (alm), Suratno 9alm), dan Cipto Dihardjo (alm).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 459,\n \"width\": 148,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penari Cakil Era 1950 - 1970 Suharto Sukolewo\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 497,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 160,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Suharto Sukolewo adalah seorang abdi dalem “canthang balung” keraton Surakarta, yang kemudian menjadi penari Cakil wayang orang Sono Harsono/Eko Proyo (1944). Sebagai abdi dalem canthang balung keraton Kasunanan Surakarta, Suharto Sukolewo memiliki kemampuan kepenarian yang lengkap. Suharto Sukolewo dapat dikatakan sebagai seorang penari serba bisa, karena mampu menarikan dengan baik tari putra gagah, putra alus, gecul , bahkan tari putri.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 658,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"K.R.T. Tondokusumo menjelaskan bahwa Suharto Sukolewa merupakan pembaharu tari\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 693,\n \"width\": 204,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4 Periksa Rusini. Gathutkaca di Panggung Soekarno . (Surakarta: STSI Press), hlm. ix 5 Foto Waluyo dengan rias Anomannya diabadikan oleh Toko Emas Hanoman di Jalan Secoyudan Surakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 117,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cakil. Gaya tarinya dilandasi oleh penguasaan teknik tari yang baik dan pengalamannya sebagai penari canthang balung menjadikan tampilannya terkesan bregas kemaki. 6 Ketrampilan mengolah ceklèkan tangan yang luwes, dan wijang , sehingga tampilannya dalam memerankan tokoh Cakil sangat mayangkuliti ( seperti wayang kulit ).(S. Maridi, 17 Matret 1991)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 225,\n \"width\": 59,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ndoro Bok\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 245,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 160,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ndoro Bok, adalah penari Cakil sekaligus pimpinan perkumpulan wayang orang Langen Barata/Kridho Mudo tahun 1940-an. Ndoro Bok, diakui sebagai penari Cakil yang berkualitas. Hal ini karena Ndoro Bok selain memiliki dasar kemampuan kepenarian yang baik juga menguasai dasar gerak silat yang baik. Gaya tarinya lebih sebagai cakil jogèd. Ketrampilannya dalam mengolah senjata atau memainkan keris merupakan kelebihan lain yang dimilikinya. (KRT. Kusumabudoyo, 31 Agustus 2010)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 410,\n \"width\": 110,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Suratno (1929 - 1997)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 428,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 203,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Suratno adalah penari Cakil wayang orang Sriwedari Surakarta era tahun 60-an. Suratno belajar tari secara otodidak dengan cara melihat dan menirukannya. Oleh karena ketekunan dan kecintaannya terhadap seni, menghantarkan Suratno bergabung pada perkumpulan WOP kelilingan. Beberapa perkumpulan WOP yang pernah diikuti berdasar ingatan Suratno antara lain, WOP Sri Tanjung (Kartasura), WOP Langen Baratha (Sragen), Sari Utomo (Pengging), dan Makutha Rama (Salatiga). Selanjutnya pada tahun 1957 mulai bergabung pada WOP Sriwedari di Surakarta.(Suratno, 24 Maret 1991).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 632,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 88,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sebagai seniman WOP, Suratno memiliki kemampuan yang lengkap, yaitu teknik tari yang baik, vokal tembang yang baik, dan hayatan karakter yang kuat. Di era tahun 1960-an selain sebagai penari Cakil, Suratno juga menjadi pemeran tokoh Gatutkaca yang baik. Sebagai\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 729,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"6 Wawancara, KRT. Tondokusumo (S. Maridi) (alm) 17 Maret 1991\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 290,\n \"top\": 43,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 227,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"120\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 103,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"penari Cakil Suratno mempunyai ciri gerak fors (tegap). Gaya tari Suratno secara garis besar tidak berbeda dengan gaya tari Cakil WOP pada umumnya, baik dari struktur sajian, vokabuler gerak, maupun garapan pola lantainya. Tetapi jika dicermati teknik pelaksanaan geraknya, ia memiliki kekhasan yang sangat kuat.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 193,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tondokusumo mengungkapkan, bahwa tari Cakil Suratno sangat baik, gaya tampilannya kuat dan kenceng, karena memiliki dasar pencak silat yang baik. Ketrampilannya dalam mengolah perangan tangan dan perang keris sangat baik. 7\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 265,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 146,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hal ini juga diakui oleh Mrajak, bahwa gaya tari Suratno adalah Cakil jogèd . Sikap badannya tegap, tidak banyak mengolah liukan tubuh, dan gerakannya kuat. Selain memiliki karakter gagah kuat, Suratno juga sangat menguasai teknik-teknik gerak tertentu seperti teknik sawuran depan, ketegan leher, dan sempokan yang diambil dari gerak pencak. Teknik-teknik tersebut banyak ditiru oleh penari-penari Cakil generasi penerusnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 412,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 117,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Joko Suko Sadono, seniman tari dan juga penari Cakil, juga mengaku bahwa dalam menari Cakil ia mengadopsi teknik-teknik yang dikembangkan oleh Suratno. Gaya tari Cakil Suratno cenderung galak dan beringas karena dilandasi oleh penafsirannya, bahwa karakter Cakil itu seperti asu ajak (Srigala).(Suratno, Pebruari 1991)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 533,\n \"width\": 60,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cipto Brejo\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 554,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 174,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cipto Brejo (Cipto Dihardjo) (80 tahun), adalah penari Cakil wayang orang Ngesti Pandawa (Semarang). Sebagai penari Cakil, kualitas tari Cipto Brejo tidak diragukan lagi. Pada masa itu, kalau di Surakarta ada Suratno di Semarang ada Cipto. Menurut Tondokusuma, Cipto Brejo dan Suratno adalah dua penari Cakil yang memiliki kualitas yang seimbang. Suratno memiliki kekuatan dalam garap jogéd sedangkan Cipto Brejo memiliki kekuatan dalam hal trik-trik akrobatik. Cipto Brejo adalah Cakil wayang pesisiran sehingga cenderung sedikit\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 729,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"7 Wawancara. KRT. Tondokusumo (S. Maridi)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 741,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"(alm) 17 Maret 1991\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 45,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"mengabaikan dasar-dasar jogéd Jawa, namun sangat kuat dalam mengolah ketrampilan gerak perangan.(S. Maridi, Pebruari 1991)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 139,\n \"width\": 154,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penari Cakil Era 1980 - 1990 S. Pamardi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 174,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 103,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"S. Pamardi adalah dosen tari alus di Jurusan Tari ISI Surakarta. Ia belajar tari secara formal di SMKI Surakarta (lulus tahun 1975) dan ASKI Surakarta (lulus tahun 1982). Selain itu S. Pamardi juga banyak berguru tari pada S. Ngaliman dan S. Maridi, serta aktif dalam kegiatan teater.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 278,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 261,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"S. Pamardi sebagai seorang penari sangat cermat dalam memahami kemampuan atau bekal yang dimilikinya guna menunjang penampilannya. Ia menari Cakil sejak usia Sekolah Dasar, yaitu sebagai penari Kalamarica pada pertunjukan Dramatari Ramayana Prambanan. Dengan kondisi tubuh yang kecil, S. Pamardi banyak mengekplorasi gerak-gerak kaki yang kesit (lincah). Garap irama nujah sangat mendominasi dalam olahan irama gerak tari Cakilnya. Pengalamannya sebagai aktor dalam pentas-pentas teater modern ikut mewarnai penampilannya sebagai penari Cakil, yaitu dalam mengolah ekspresi wajah. Selain dasar pembawaannya yang kemaki dan ketertarikannya mendalami tari geculan, karakter tari Cakil S. Pamardi terkesan cakrak, kemaki , dan licik.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 714,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 14 . Gaya S. Pamardi sebagai penari Cakil (Foto koleksi S. Pamardi)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 514,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"121\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 42,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 107,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tari Cakil Didik BW\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 109,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 203,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Didik BW adalah dosen tari Sala gagah gaya Surakarta pada Jurusan Tari ISI Surakarta. Atas dukungan ayahnya, Didik sejak usia 14 tahun sudah mengenal dan belajar tari tradisi gaya Surakarta pada Yayasan Kesenian Indonesia (YKI) Surakarta. Pengalamannya belajar tari dengan S. Witoyo, S. Maridi, Radiyono, Sunarno, dan Suratno (WOP Sriwedari), telah banyak memberikan inspirasi gaya kepenarian Didik. Sebagai penari Cakil seangkatan S. Pamardi (tahun 1980-an) di Sasonomulya ketika menjadi mahasiswa ASKI Surakarta, dia banyak mendapatkan gemblengan dari Gendhon Humardani.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 314,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 189,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Melalui latihan fisik (injeksi pagi), teknik kelincahan, teknik keringanan (meringankan tubuh), dan teknik penguatan kaki menjadikan bekal yang besar dalam pembentukan karakter tari Cakilnya. Berpijak dari pengalaman- pengalaman tersebut gaya tari Cakil Didik selain terilhami dari gaya tari Cakil Suratno dan S. Maridi yang force (kuat bertenaga), juga terkesan ringan melayang yang merupakan ciri atau kekhasan tari Cakilnya. Selain itu garap irama gerak nujah seperti halnya S. Pamardi, dikembangkan untuk membangun karakter Cakilnya yang kesit, trincing.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 74,\n \"top\": 663,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 15 . Rekonstruksi Gaya Tari Cakil Didik oleh Anggono (Foto Nurochim koleksi Jurusan tari)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 187,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penari Cakil Era STSI (1990 – 2000)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 109,\n \"width\": 230,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penari Cakil di era tahun 1990 - 2000, merupakan penari-penari hasil didikan transisi antara gaya Sasonomulyo dan didikan murni lembaga formal STSI. Mereka adalah Karyono dan Jonet Sri Kuncoro.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 188,\n \"width\": 48,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Karyono\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 208,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 246,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Karyono adalah dosen jurusan tari Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan ISI Surakarta lulus sebagai sarjana seni SI dengan minat utama kepenarian pada tahun akademik 1987/1988. Selanjutnya pada tahun akademik 2007/2008 Karyono lulus Pasca Sarjana S2 Penciptaan Seni ISI Surakarta. Pengalaman kepenariannya lebih banyak diperoleh melalui pendidikan formal dan kegiatan pentas yang bersifat massal yang membutuhkan kerampakan gerak. Proses pembelajaran kepenariannya yang dialami cenderung menggunakan teknik-teknik baku. Itu dilakukan guna mempermudah proses pembelajaran yang sangat kental dengan konsep penyederhanaan gerak dan hitungan gerak secara matematis yang melahirkan teknik gerak yang kaku dan kurang lentur .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 455,\n \"width\": 230,\n \"height\": 161,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berpijak dari proses pengalaman kepenarian yang sistimatis tersebut, Cakilan Karyono cenderung bermain pada bentuk dan teknik dasar berkualitas gagah yang lebih mengandalkan kekuatan otot dengan permainan garis-garis gerak yang tajam. Wahyu S. P. menegaskan bahwa gaya cakilan Karyono cenderung bermain pada bentuk-bentuk dan garis-garis. 8 Berpijak dari bekal kepenarian tersebut dan ditunjang bentuk tubuh yang sedang gaya cakilan Karyono cenderung pada karakter\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 614,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 140,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cakil kemaki dan ngglécé. 8 Wawancara. Wahyu S.P. Nopember 2010\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 290,\n \"top\": 43,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 227,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"122\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 66,\n \"top\": 245,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 50 . Adegan Margocatur dengan penari urut dari kiri, Karyono, Didik BW, dan Jonet S.K. (Foto koleksi Didik BW)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 300,\n \"width\": 89,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jonet Srikuncoro\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 321,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 260,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jonet Srikuncoro, dosen jurusan tari Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan ISI Surakarta. Jonet Srikuncoro dilahirkan dari keluarga seniman WOP Sriwedari Surakarta. Sejak kecil Jonet telah bergelut dengan dunia seni tradisi khususnya pertunjukkan WOP dan juga seni tari. Sejak usia 9 tahun telah aktif berlatih tari di Yayasan Kesenian Indonesia (YKI) Surakarta di bawah bimbingan guru tari Radiono dan S. Witoyo. Aktivitas di bidang tari berlanjut hingga dewasa. Selain lulus pendidikan pada Sekolah Menengah Karawitan Indonesia (SMKI) Surakarta pada tahun 1983/1984, juga lulus sebagai sarjana seni SI dengan minat kepenarian 1988/1989. Jonet juga melanjutkan pendidikan Pasca Sarjana S2 program studi Penciptaan seni ISI Surakarta dan lulus pada tahun akademik 2006/2007.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 583,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 160,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berpijak dari pengalaman belajar tari baik formal maupun non-formal yang dialaminya, Jonet tumbuh sebagai penari yang baik khususnya untuk tari-tari gagahan seperti Kera, Bugis, Cakil. Untuk tari Cakil, gaya Cakilan Jonet cenderung bermain pada teknik-teknik yang mengandalkan kekuatan dan kecepatan kaki. Gaya Cakilannya cenderung pada garap Cakil yang trincing, kemaki. Hal ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuanya sebagai penari kera, dan ditunjang dengan bentuk tubuh yang\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 45,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"sedikit pendek memberikan kesan yang kuat dalam menampilkan teknik kaki dengan tempo cepat.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 276,\n \"width\": 214,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 51 . Jonet sebagai penari Cakil adegan perang kembang (Foto koleksi Jonet S.K)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 320,\n \"width\": 177,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penari Cakil Era ISI (2001 – 2010)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 340,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 131,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Para penari Cakil era ISI Surakarta umumnya memiliki gaya penampilan yang relatif sama, terutama yang menyangkut teknik- teknik dasar menari Cakil. Hal itu karena mereka belajar pada guru-guru dan sekolah yang sama, yaitu ISI Surakarta. Namun demikian sebagai penari Cakil, masing-masing memiliki kekhasan yang didasarkan atas bakat dan potensi tubuh yang dimiliki dan juga pengalamannya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 490,\n \"width\": 138,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Anggono Kusuma Wibowo\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 510,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 232,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Anggono Kusuma Wibowo, dosen jurusan tari Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan ISI Surakarta lulus sebagai sarjana seni SI dengan minat kepenarian pada tahun 2000/2001. Kecintaan terhadap tari tradisi Surakarta sudah muncul sejak Sekolah Dasar ketika ditunjuk untuk mengikuti Pekan Olah Raga dan Seni (Porseni) tingkat sekolah dasar se-Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Melalui kegiatan Porseni, Anggono sempat mengenyam sentuhan pelatihan tari oleh tokoh tari tradisi Surakarta K.R.T. Tondokusuma (S. Maridi). Rasa cinta pada tari tersebut menghatar Anggono untuk melanjutkan pendidikan di SMKI Surakarta (dahulu Konsevatori) 1996. Selain itu Anggono juga aktif terlibat pada kegiatan kelompok tari Taksu Taman Budaya (TBS) Surakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 514,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"123\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 42,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 146,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sebagai penari Cakil Anggono pernah terpilih sebagai penari Cakil terbaik tingkat Propinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2000, yang menghatarkan Anggono untuk mengikuti misi perdagangan Propinsi Jawa Tengah ke Austria pada tahun 2001. Tubuhnya yang kecil ramping dan ditunjang ketrampilannya dalam mengolah teknik gerak kaki yang cepat dan ringan menghasilkan karakter Cakil yang lincah kemaki, cenderung ngglécé .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 73,\n \"top\": 370,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 52 . Gaya Anggono sebagai penari Cakil (Foto koleksi Anggono)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 414,\n \"width\": 135,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Wahyu Sapta Pamungkas\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 434,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 131,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Seperti halnya Jonet, Wahyu Sapta Pamungkas, adalah penari yang dilahirkan dari keluarga seniman WOP Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Surakarta. Ayahnya yang mantan penari Cakil WOP RRI Surakarta di era tahun 1970-an, menjadikan ia sejak kecil sudah terbiasa melihat pertunjukan seni. Aktivitasnya belajar tari di sanggar tari makin memupuk kecintaannya terhadap tari tradisi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 566,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 175,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Selain lulus dari pendidikan formal bidang seni (tari) di SMKI yang sekaramg mejadi SMKN 8 Surakarta tahun 1999, Wahyu Sapta Pamungkas juga merupakan alumni jurusan tari ISI Surakarta minat utama kepenarian spesialis tari Cakil dan lulus tahun 2005. Berbekal pengalamannya mendalami tari Cakil di ISI Surakarta, saat ini Wahyu S. P, merupakan penari Cakil pada WOP RRI Surakarta. Dengan bentuk tubuh yang kecil dan tinggi Wahyu S.P. dalam memerankan tokoh Cakil cenderung mengeksplorasi garis-garis gerak yang panjang\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"dan tajam dengan menggarap tempo cepat. Dari unsur-unsur garap gerak tersebut gaya Cakilannya cenderung pada kualitas gerak Cakil yang kuat ( fors ) dengan karakter galak bengis.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 315,\n \"top\": 287,\n \"width\": 211,\n \"height\": 51,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 53 . Adegan Alas-alasan tari Perang Kembang oleh Wahyu Sapto P. Dalam rangka ujian Tugas Akhir S1 Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta 2005 (Foto koleksi Wahyu Sapto P)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 310,\n \"top\": 497,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 54 . Adegan perang gaya Wahyu S. Dalam rangka ujian Tugas Akhir S1 Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta 2005 (Foto koleksi Wahyu Sapto S)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 552,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"KESIMPULAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 572,\n \"width\": 230,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan uraian dan paparan pada bab-bab yang tersaji di depan, maka sesuai dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan penelitian dalam perumusan masalah, kiranya dapat disimpulkan hal-hal sebagai berikut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 647,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 102,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pertama, tari Cakil adalah salah satu genre tari tradisi gaya Surakarta yang telah tua dan mengalami perkembangan sesuai dengan dinamika kehidupan masyarakat zamannya. Tari Cakil mulai eksis sebagai wirèng Bambangan Cakil pada masa pemerintahan Mangkunegara I. Dalam perkembangannya, selama kurun\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 290,\n \"top\": 43,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 227,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"124\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 621,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"waktu setengah abad (1910-an -1960-an) sosok Cakil menjadi salah satu ‘primadona’ dalam pertunjukan tobong WOP. Di luar tobong WOP dan di luar tembok keraton, tari Cakil juga tumbuh dan berkembang dalam bentuk fragmen, pethilan , dan wirèng pethilan . Tari Cakil yang tumbuh dan berkembang di luar tobong WOP dan keraton mampu melintas ‘kaidah-kaidah’ tari tradisi, dan muncul sebagai tari Cakil masa kini atau ‘kontemporer’. Perkembangan tari Cakil dari wirèng (keraton) Bambangan Cakil hingga menjadi wujudnya yang ‘kontemporer’, tidak lepas dari peran seniman-seniman tari (penyusun ataupun penari) maupun pemikir kehidupan tari tradisi. Mereka antara lain: Suharto Sukolewo, Ndoro Bok, Suratno, Ciptodiharjo, Kusumokesowo, Sindhu Suhardiman, Atmohutoyo, Wignyahambeksa, S. Maridi, Sentot Sudiarto, Joko Suko Sadono, Tan Gwan Hien, S. Witoyo, S. Pamardi, dan Didik Bambang Wahyudi. Khusus untuk tari Cakil ‘kontemporer’, proses pembentukannya mulai terasa sejak tari tersebut dijadikan mata pelajaran di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan formal bidang seni, seperti Konservatori (SMKI/SMKN 8), ASKI/STSI/ISI termasuk PKJT. Kesadaran atau konsep tentang ‘tradisi yang kontemporer’ dari Gendon Humardani, sejak tahun 1971 mulai dijadikan dasar untuk menggarap tari tradisi, termasuk tari Cakil. Dari sana lahir koreografi dan garapan tari Cakil kontemporer yang digarap oleh seniman- seniman muda kreatif, seperti: Sunarno, Didik Bambang Wahyudi, dan S. Pamardi. Antara lain: Kalamarica dalam Sendratari “Sinta Hilang” (karya Sunarno); Srikandhi Cakil (karya S. Pamardi dan Sri Martati), Anoman Cakil (karya Didik B.W. dan S. Pamardi), Cecakilan (karya Didik B.W), dan Cakil Kiprah (karya Didik B.W). Dari bimbingan mereka lahir penari- penari Cakil kontemporer seperti: Karyono, Jonet Sri Kuncoro, Anggono Kusumo Wibowo, dan Wahyu Sapto Pamungkas.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 711,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kedua, salah satu faktor yang membuat tari Cakil berkembang adalah para seniman tari,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 405,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"baik koreografer (penata/penyusun) maupun penari itu sendiri. Mereka dianugerahi Tuhan talenta (tubuh, ketrampilan, dan kepekaan rasa) yang dipupuk sendiri berdasarkan visi, lingkungan, dan jiwa zaman. Dengan kata lain, talenta mereka yang baik itu dapat berkembang karena faktor-faktor eksternal. Visi atau pandangan mereka dipengaruhi oleh guru-guru mereka, baik yang terjadi di lingkungan tobong-tobong, paguyuban- paguyuban, sanggar-sanggar, maupun sekolah- sekolah / akademi-akademi. Selain guru-guru seperti Kusumokesowo, Sindhu Suhardiman, Atmohutoyo, Wignyahambeksa, dan S. Maridi, para penari Cakil tobong WOP seperti Suharto Sukolewo, Ndoro Bok, Suratno, Ciptodiharjo, juga menjadi acuan bagi generasi penari berikutnya. Visi dan pandangan mereka juga dipengaruhi oleh jiwa zaman yang mengalami perkembangan secara dinamis. Namun, hal itu tidak begitu saja terjadi tanpa andilnya pembina yang memiliki power (kewenangan dan keuangan), memiliki konsep pengembangan yang jelas, semangat dan disiplin, serta mau bekerja keras. Tanpa mengenyampingkan peran guru-guru dan seniman senior, pembina yang dimaksud adalah Gendon Humardani dengan lembaga PKJT/ASKI-nya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 517,\n \"width\": 109,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DAFTAR PUSTAKA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 538,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Adshead, Janet., Dance Analysis , Theory and Practice . London: Dance Books. 1988.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 573,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Brandon, James R., Jejak-jejak Seni Pertunjukan di Asia Tenggara. Terj. R.M. Soedarsono. Bandung: P4ST UPI, 2003.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 624,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Bandem, I Made, dan Sal Murgiyanto., Teater Daerah Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Kanisius 1996.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 675,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Brakel, Clara-Papenhuyzen., Seni Tari Jawa , Tradisi Surakarta dan Peristilahanya. Alih Bahasa Mursabyo. Jakarta: ILDEP-RUL. 1991.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 514,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"125\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 42,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hardjoprasonto, Soemardjo. Bunga Rampai Seni Tari Solo. Jakarta: Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. 1997.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 140,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Humardani, S.D. Kumpulan Kertas tentang Kesenian . Surakarta : ASKI, 1982.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 176,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Kumpulan Kertas Tentang Tari . Surakarta : ASKI, 1979/1980.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 211,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Masalah-masalah Dasar Pengembangan Seni Tradisi . Surakarta : ASKI Surakarta, 1979/1980.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 262,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hersapandi, Wayang Wong Sriwedari dari Istana menjadi Seni Komersial . Yogyakarta: Yayasan untuk Indonesia, 1999.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 313,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Holt, Claire, Melacak Jejak Perkembangan Seni di Indonesia. Terj. R.M. Soedarsono. Bandung: Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia, 2000.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 378,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kayam, Umar. Seni Tradisi Masyarakat . Jakarta : Sinar Harapan. 1981.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 414,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Kelir Tanpa Batas. Yogyakarta : Gama Media. 2001.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 450,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Koentjaraningrat. Kebudayaan Jawa . Jakarta : Balai Pustaka, 1984.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 485,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Metode-metode Penelitian Masyarakat. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1997.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 536,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kuntowijoyo. Budaya dan Masyarakat . Yogyakarta : Tiara Wacana, 1987.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 572,\n \"width\": 226,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Penjelasan Sejarah. Yogyakarta. Tiara Wacana. 2008.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 607,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Larson, George D. Masa Menjelang Revolusi Kraton dan Kehidupan Politik di Surakarta 1912 -1942 . Terj. A.B. Lapian. Yogyakarta : University Press. 1990.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 673,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 76,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Lindsay, Jenifer., Klasik Kitsch Kontemporer. Sebuah Studi tentang Seni Pertunjukan Jawa. Terj. Nin Bakdi Sumanto. Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University. 1990.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 230,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Magnis, Franz Suseno., Etika Jawa . Sebuah Analisa Falsafi tentang Kebijaksanaan Hidup Jawa. Jakarta. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. 2001.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 155,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Murgiyanto, Sal., Kritik Tari, Bekal & Kemampuan Dasar. Jakarta : MSPI. 2002.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 191,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Ketika Cahaya Merah Memudar. Sebuah Kritik Tari., Jakarta : Deviri Ganan . 1993.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 241,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Tradisi dan Inovasi, Beberapa masalah tari di Indonesia. Jakarta: Wedatama Widya Sastra, 2004.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 292,\n \"width\": 224,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Mulyono, Sri., Wayang dan Karakter Manusia. Jakarta : CV. Haji Masagung. 1989.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 328,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Nanda M. H., Ensiklopedi Wayang. Yogyakarta : Absolut. 2010.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 363,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Purwadi, Falsafah Militer Jawa. Yogyakarta: Sadasiva, 2004\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 399,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ricklefs, M.C. Sejarah Indonesia Modern . Terj. Dharmono Hardjowidjono. Gajah Mada Yogyakarta : University Press. 1995.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 450,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rustopo, “ Gendhon Humardani (1923-1983)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 336,\n \"top\": 465,\n \"width\": 200,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \": Arsitek dan Pelaksana Pembangunan Kehidupan Seni tradisi Jawa yang Modern Mengindonesia, suatu Biografi.” Tesis S2 Program Studi Sejarah Fakultas Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gajah Mada. Yogyakarta : UGM. 1990.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 560,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 76,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Menjadi Jawa: Orang-orang Cina dan Kebudayaan Jawa di Surakarta 1895 – 1998 . Disertasi S3 Program Studi Universitas Gajah Mada. Yogyakarta. 2006.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 641,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sedyawati, Edi, ed. Tari : Tinjauan dari Berbagai Segi . Jakarta : Pustaka Jaya. 1984.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 692,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Seno A. Sastroamidjojo., Renungan Tentang Pertunjukan Wayang Kulit. Djakarta: P.T.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 336,\n \"top\": 722,\n \"width\": 104,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kinta Djakarta. 1964.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 290,\n \"top\": 43,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 227,\n \"top\": 789,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"126\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Supriadi, Dedi., Kreativitas Kebudayaan & Perkembangan IPTEK. Bandung. Alfabeta. 1994.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 139,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Schechner, Richard., Performance Studies. An introduction . London. Routledge. 2003.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 173,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Perfomance Theory . London, Routledge, 1988\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 207,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Soedarsono, R.M.. Wayang Wong , Drama Tari Ritual Kenegaraan di Keraton Yogyakarta , Yogyakarta: ISI Yogyakarta 1990.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 256,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia . Di Era Globalisasi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. 2002\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 306,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Seni Pertunjukan, Dari Perspektif Politik, Sosial, dan Ekonomi . Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press, 2003.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 355,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia dan Pariwisata, Bandung: Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia, 2001.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 404,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Metodologi Penelitian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa. Bandung: Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia, 1999.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 468,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Strinati, Dominic., Popular Culture . Pengantar Menuju Teori Budaya Populer . Terj. Abdul Mukhid. Yogyakarta. Bentang. 1995.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 533,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sumardjo, Jakob., Teater dan Drama Indonesia. Bandung. STSI Press. 1997.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 567,\n \"width\": 224,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"__________, Filsafat Seni. Bandung : ITB. 2000.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 586,\n \"width\": 108,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Supanggah, Rahayu.,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 172,\n \"top\": 586,\n \"width\": 119,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Bothekan Karawitan II,\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 92,\n \"top\": 601,\n \"width\": 165,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Garap . Surakarta. ISI Press. 2007.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 620,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Solichin., Wayang . Masterpiece Seni Budaya Dunia . Jakarta : Sinergi Persadatama\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 92,\n \"top\": 650,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Foundation. 2010.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 64,\n \"top\": 670,\n \"width\": 228,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Serat Sastramiruda . Terj. Kamajaya, Trans.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 92,\n \"top\": 685,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sudibyo Z. Hadisucipto. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Proyek Penerbitan Buku Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah, 1981.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 91,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"NARA SUMBER\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 110,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Asmorohadi (K.R.T.Kusumobudoyo) (67)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 328,\n \"top\": 125,\n \"width\": 76,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Seniman WOP.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 146,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cipto Diharjo (72) Seniman WOP Ngesti Pandawa Semarang.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 181,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Daryono (53), dosen tari Instistut Seni Indonesia (ISI). Surakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 217,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Joko Suko Sadono (60) Seniman tari Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 238,\n \"width\": 178,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"S. Maridi (alm), empu tari Surakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 258,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sardono Mloyowibakso (67) Seniman WOP RRI Surakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 294,\n \"width\": 207,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sunarno (56), dosen tari S.T.S.I Surakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 315,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Suratno Seniman WOP Sriwedari Surakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 335,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tan Gwan Hien (65) Seniman dan Penari Cakil WOP PMS.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 371,\n \"width\": 226,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Wahyu Santosa Prabawa (57), dosen tari S.T.S.I. Surakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 407,\n \"width\": 194,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Murdadi (alm) Seniman WOP Sriwedari\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 427,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Surono Rono Wibaksa (alm) Seniman WOP Sriwedari\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 463,\n \"width\": 226,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dradjat Waluya (alm) Seniman WOP Sri Wanita Semarang\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 499,\n \"width\": 224,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hadi Sutarto (alm) Seniman WOP RRI Surakarta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1894,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"acd00a4f-189d-05ad-8fd6-dc198750daee"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://cahaya-ic.com/index.php/SJPE/article/download/882/781"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":142,"top":59,"width":183,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Schrödinger:Journal of Physics Education","type":"Section header"},{"left":142,"top":71,"width":385,"height":20,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2024, pp. 62~67 ISSN: 2716-1587, DOI: 10.37251/sjpe.v5i2.882 62","type":"Table"},{"left":71,"top":776,"width":235,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Journal homepage: http://cahaya-ic.com/index.php/SJPE","type":"Page footer"},{"left":101,"top":106,"width":397,"height":29,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in Lenses","type":"Section header"},{"left":167,"top":159,"width":261,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Wahyu Noor Hidayat 1 , Ronno C. K 2 , Jhon Alfredo Silva Alé 3","type":"Text"},{"left":84,"top":171,"width":430,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1 Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, State University of Malang, Indonesia","type":"Text"},{"left":185,"top":181,"width":229,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2 Department of Physics, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya","type":"Text"},{"left":175,"top":191,"width":248,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3 Departamento de Educación, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile","type":"Text"},{"left":77,"top":233,"width":52,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Article Info","type":"Table"},{"left":231,"top":233,"width":54,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ABSTRACT","type":"Section header"},{"left":77,"top":251,"width":64,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Article history:","type":"Text"},{"left":77,"top":269,"width":93,"height":21,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Received Jan 15, 2024 Revised May 07, 2024","type":"Table"},{"left":77,"top":292,"width":102,"height":21,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Accepted Jun 21, 2024 OnlineFirst Jun 22, 2024","type":"Text"},{"left":231,"top":251,"width":289,"height":19,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Purpose of the study: This research aims to analyze physics students' understanding of the concept of image formation in lenses.","type":"Text"},{"left":231,"top":278,"width":289,"height":29,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Methodology: This method uses qualitative methods with a research design, namely documentation studies, data collection instruments using interview sheets with data analysis techniques, namely the Miles and Huberman technique.","type":"Text"},{"left":231,"top":315,"width":289,"height":91,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Main Findings: Based on the research results, it can be seen that the level of students' conceptual understanding of image formation is increasing. This is shown by the number of student respondents who answered correctly during the written test, the number increased during the interview test and the average number of respondents who answered correctly was more than half of the total number of respondents. The increase in understanding of this concept occurred because the student respondents were better prepared when taking the interview test than when taking the written test. The respondent students were better prepared because the respondents' memories were revived after the written test.","type":"Text"},{"left":77,"top":333,"width":444,"height":120,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Novelty/Originality of this study: This innovative approach not only highlights the importance of active learning strategies in education but also underscores the potential of sequential testing to foster deeper conceptual understanding among students. Keywords: Analysis Image Formation Lenses","type":"Table"},{"left":77,"top":385,"width":72,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Physics Learning","type":"Text"},{"left":77,"top":397,"width":101,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Understanding Concepts","type":"Table"},{"left":321,"top":468,"width":199,"height":8,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"This is an open access article under the CC BY license","type":"Text"},{"left":77,"top":527,"width":99,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Corresponding Author:","type":"Section header"},{"left":77,"top":539,"width":94,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Wahyu Noor Hidayat,","type":"Text"},{"left":77,"top":550,"width":432,"height":32,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, Semarang Street No. 5, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia Email: whynoorhdytt655@gmail.com","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":621,"width":104,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1. INTRODUCTION","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":633,"width":456,"height":55,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"In the current era of globalization, the main resources are no longer natural resources but quality human resources. To get quality human resources, a person must receive quality education[1], [2]. Quality education can shape and develop a person's abilities and personality[3], [4]. Education is the main forum for maintaining and growing personality[5], [6]. Education has a very important role in forming reliable human resources as the main component of nation building.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":690,"width":456,"height":78,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Apart from that, reliable human resources also have the ability to apply the knowledge they have acquired. One branch of science that has developed rapidly is physics. Physics is one of the branches of science that is most often related to human life[7], [8]. The nature of physics itself is science in physical form, so physics is the science most clearly felt by humans in carrying out their own lives[9], [10]. Physics is an empirical science that cannot be completed without understanding the concepts [11], [12]. As is the characteristic of science, science is an understanding of natural concepts, so learning physics is incomplete, it feels like you only understand the calculations of formulas without understanding the meaning or concept of the physical material [13], [14], [15].","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":59,"width":67,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed","type":"Page header"},{"left":252,"top":59,"width":73,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN: 2716-1587","type":"Page header"},{"left":482,"top":57,"width":9,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"","type":"Page header"},{"left":98,"top":776,"width":429,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in … (Wahyu Noor Hidayat)","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":59,"width":456,"height":104,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"63 The importance of physics material is so important that in learning physics, students must successfully master the material being taught. Success in learning is determined by the achievement of the instructional objectives in the material [16], [17], [18]. Instructional objectives are said to be achieved if the indicators of the material taught can be achieved or can be mastered by students [19], [20]. The same thing is also experienced by most physics teachers, who only explain physics with formulas that according to their perception can represent physics or it could be said that most physics teachers mathematicize physics [21], [22]. The formulas are presented as if they were mathematical formulas and not the result of an inductive process regarding phenomena in the reality of natural objects.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":165,"width":456,"height":67,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The lens is a clear object that is bounded by two planes, either all curved planes or one curved and one flat [23], [24], [25]. There are two types of lenses, namely convex lenses and concave lenses. Both have different characteristics in the image formation process. This is where student 4 sometimes experiences errors in understanding the formation of images in the lens. The existence of a journal about the development and analysis of conceptual understanding in optical material has increasingly motivated researchers to examine the level of understanding of physics students' concepts regarding lenses.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":234,"width":456,"height":90,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Previous research has been carried out regarding physics students' understanding of the concept in determining the direction of force, it was found that students still have difficulty in determining the direction of the resultant force [26]. The number of students who chose the correct option was 86.96% of students on the first question, 15.22% on the second question and 34.78% on the third question. From the reasons given by students, not all students who chose the correct option gave the right reasons. The reasons given still show many misconceptions. Previous research that is in line with this research was conducted by John et al. [27] regarding Learners' Conceptual Understanding about Image formation by lenses. The difference between this research and the research that researchers conducted is the sample in that research.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":326,"width":456,"height":101,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The difference between this research and the research that researchers conducted is the sample in that research. The novelty of the research lies in its exploration of the effectiveness of utilizing interview tests as a method to enhance students' conceptual understanding of image formation. Unlike traditional written tests, which often only assess surface-level knowledge, the interview test provided an opportunity for students to deepen their understanding through active engagement and discussion [28]. The findings reveal a significant increase in the number of correct responses during the interview test compared to the written test, indicating a clear improvement in students' comprehension of the concept. Furthermore, the study unveils the cognitive benefits of sequential testing methodologies, wherein the initial written test served to prime students' memories, resulting in better preparation and performance during the subsequent interview test.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":430,"width":456,"height":89,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"This research has significant implications in the context of education and learning evaluation. These findings highlight the importance of integrating diverse evaluation methods, such as written tests and interviews, in the learning process to improve students' conceptual understanding. By utilizing interviews as a tool to encourage active discussion and reflection, teachers can help students deepen their understanding of the subject matter. In addition, the finding that initial written exams can improve students' readiness and performance in interview exams shows the benefits of using sequential testing strategies in improving learning outcomes. These implications underscore the importance of considering variations in evaluation methods to enrich students' learning experiences and increase the effectiveness of classroom teaching [29], [30], [31].","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":522,"width":456,"height":101,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on experience and survey results conducted by researchers after taking the optics course, one of the materials that some physics students think is easy but according to other physics students is difficult is optics. Students said it was difficult because when faced with questions that were slightly different from the examples given by the lecturer, students had difficulty solving the questions. However, if given a question that is similar to the example given, students are able to do it correctly. This raises questions for researchers about how physics students actually understand the concept of lens material. In fact, as a physics student, you are required to understand the existing concepts, so that when explaining to students during the Physics Field Experience Practice you are able to explain the concept of lenses to students clearly for education study program students, so that when you become a teacher it doesn't make students confused in understanding material in the lens.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":648,"width":127,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2. RESEARCH METHOD","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":660,"width":86,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2.1 Research Type","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":672,"width":456,"height":31,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Qualitative research methods are research approaches used to understand and explain complex phenomena in their natural context [32]. Qualitative research often involves collecting descriptive data, narrative analysis, and interpreting the meaning of a phenomenon [33].","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":717,"width":96,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2.2 Research Sample","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":729,"width":456,"height":32,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"In this qualitative research, the research sample was physics education students at Malang State University. With the sampling technique, namely random sampling technique. Random sampling technique is a sampling method in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as part of the","type":"Text"},{"left":105,"top":57,"width":9,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"","type":"Page header"},{"left":437,"top":59,"width":90,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN: 2716-1587","type":"Page header"},{"left":71,"top":776,"width":206,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed, Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2024: 62 - 67","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":59,"width":456,"height":35,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"64 sample [34], [35]. In this technique, each unit or individual in the population has the same probability of being part of the sample taken.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":108,"width":136,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2.3 Data Collection Technique","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":119,"width":456,"height":44,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The data collection instrument for this research used interviews. Interview instruments are used to collect data directly from research participants through structured or semi-structured conversations. Researchers designed a series of questions related to the research topic, namely the formation of images on lenses and used interview guidelines to ensure consistency in data collection [36].","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":177,"width":129,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2.4 Data Analysis Technique","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":188,"width":456,"height":32,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Miles and Huberman analysis is a systematic approach to processing and presenting qualitative data in research [37], [38]. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman approach, which is a structured approach to qualitative data analysis. This approach consists of several main stages:","type":"Text"},{"left":81,"top":220,"width":445,"height":24,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"• Data Reduction: Data from interviews is reduced into smaller units, such as themes or categories that are relevant to the formation of the image on the lens.","type":"List item"},{"left":81,"top":244,"width":446,"height":24,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"• Data Presentation: The reduced data is presented in the form of narratives or quotes that represent the main findings of the analysis.","type":"List item"},{"left":81,"top":268,"width":446,"height":35,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"• Drawing Conclusions/Verification: At this stage, the researcher draws conclusions or verifies the findings that emerge from data analysis. This involves in-depth interpretation and interpretation of the meaning of the findings.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":329,"width":157,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":340,"width":456,"height":32,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on the results of interviews with several physics students at Malang University, they explained the formation of images in lenses based on the students' understanding of physics concepts. The interview results were found as shown in the following table:","type":"Text"},{"left":77,"top":386,"width":430,"height":79,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 1. Results of interviews with physics students regarding understanding image formation in lenses Questions Physics Student Answers How do students explain the formation of images in lenses based on the","type":"Table"},{"left":77,"top":410,"width":444,"height":90,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"students' understanding of physics concepts? Student A When light passes through a lens, it is refracted according to the law of light refraction. The image is formed at the point where the refracted light rays meet. So, in a converging lens, the image is formed on the other side of the object, while in a diverging lens, the image is formed on the same side as the object.","type":"Table"},{"left":161,"top":468,"width":42,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Student B","type":"Text"},{"left":246,"top":468,"width":275,"height":55,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The formation of images in the lens is related to the refraction of light. I understand that a converging lens focuses light to form a real image on the other side of the lens, while a diverging lens creates a virtual image on the same side as the object. This is related to the concept of the focal point of the lens.","type":"Table"},{"left":161,"top":525,"width":360,"height":78,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Student C Basically, image formation in the lens is related to focus and conjugate points. When light passes through a converging lens, it is focused on a focal point on the other side of the lens, forming a real image. Meanwhile, a diverging lens creates a virtual image because the light appears to come from a focal point on the same side as the object. Student D","type":"Table"},{"left":246,"top":594,"width":275,"height":55,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"I understand that converging and diverging lenses have different properties in forming images. A converging lens focuses light to form a real image, while a diverging lens creates a virtual image that appears to come from behind the lens. This has to do with the shape of the lens and the way light is refracted.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":664,"width":455,"height":20,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 1. Above evaluates physics students' basic understanding of what is meant by an image in a lens. Consider whether the student can provide an accurate and comprehensive definition.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":687,"width":456,"height":78,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Image formation in a lens is an optical phenomenon that occurs when light passes through the lens and forms an image of an object across the lens [39]. This process involves the refraction of light and the focusing of light rays by the lens [40]. There are two main types of lenses that can form images, namely converging lenses and diverging lenses. Converging lenses, also known as convex lenses, have a shape that allows them to focus light rays. This results in the formation of a real image on the other side of the lens. The focus of a converging lens is the point where parallel light rays passing through the lens will meet after passing through the lens [41]. The real image is formed at the focal point on the other side of the lens.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":59,"width":67,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed","type":"Page header"},{"left":252,"top":59,"width":73,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN: 2716-1587","type":"Page header"},{"left":482,"top":57,"width":9,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"","type":"Page header"},{"left":98,"top":776,"width":429,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in … (Wahyu Noor Hidayat)","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":59,"width":456,"height":81,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"65 A diverging lens, or concave lens, has a shape that causes the light rays passing through the lens to appear to originate from a focal point on the same side as the object. This results in the formation of a virtual image [42], [43]. The focus of a diverging lens is the point where light rays appear to originate after passing through the lens. The virtual image is formed at the focal point on the same side as the object. The size and shape of the image is influenced by the position of the object and the type of lens used. Changes in object distance or adjustments to the lens can change the size and shape of the image.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":142,"width":456,"height":90,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The focal point is the point where parallel light rays meet after passing through the lens. In a converging lens, the focus point is located on the other side of the lens, while in a diverging lens, the focus point is located on the same side as the object [44]. Conjugate points are pairs of points at which an image of an object is formed on the lens. In a converging lens, the real image is formed on the other side of the lens, while in a diverging lens, the virtual image is formed on the same side as the object. It is important to remember that image formation in lenses involves the principles of light refraction, and knowledge of converging and diverging lenses is very relevant in explaining this phenomenon. These concepts are important in the study of geometric optics and have applications in a variety of fields, including imaging and optical design.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":234,"width":456,"height":78,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on the results of interviews with four physics students regarding understanding the concept of image formation in lenses, it was found that Student A clearly explained that image formation in lenses occurs through refraction of light. Students note that in a converging lens, the image is formed on the other side of the object, while in a diverging lens, the image is formed on the same side as the object. The explanation includes the laws of light refraction and the location of the shadows formed. Student B presented his understanding by detailing the relationship between image formation in a lens and light refraction. Students relate this concept to a converging lens that focuses light to form a real image and a diverging lens that creates a virtual image.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":315,"width":456,"height":89,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The understanding includes the concept of the lens focal point. Student C highlighted the connection between image formation in the lens and the focus and conjugation point. Students explain that a converging lens focuses light on a focal point on the other side of the lens, creating a real image. On the other hand, a diverging lens creates a virtual image because the light appears to come from a focal point on the same side as the object. Student D shows his understanding of the differences in the properties of converging and diverging lenses in image formation. Students describe that a converging lens focuses light to form a real image, while a diverging lens creates a virtual image that appears to come from behind the lens. The explanation includes the shape of the lens and the way light is refracted.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":407,"width":456,"height":89,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"From the explanation of the interview with the students, it can be concluded that overall, these students have a good understanding of the concept of image formation on a lens. Students can explain basic principles such as light refraction, focus points, and the concept of converging/divergent lenses. Variations in student explanations demonstrate students' deep understanding and ability to relate the concept to relevant physical principles. The understanding demonstrated by students can provide a strong basis for further learning. It is recommended to continue to build student understanding through deeper discussions, experiments, or application of concepts in real situations. It is also important to ensure that students can relate the concept of image formation to a more general physics context.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":499,"width":456,"height":101,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Previous research conducted by Uwamahoro et al. [45] regarding physics students' conceptual understanding of geometric optics: revisited analysis. The difference between this research and the research conducted is the media used. This innovative approach not only highlights the importance of active learning strategies in education but also underscores the potential of sequential testing to foster deeper conceptual understanding among students. Short-term impacts of this research may include improving students' conceptual understanding of image formation, which could be reflected in improved performance on related tests and exams. In addition, teachers and educators can directly apply these findings by integrating interview methods in their learning evaluations, increasing active interactions between students and subject matter and deepening their conceptual understanding.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":603,"width":456,"height":89,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"On the other hand, the long-term impact can be more substantial. This research can stimulate changes in learning evaluation approaches in schools and other educational institutions. The use of diverse evaluation methods and an emphasis on conceptual understanding can lead to a paradigm shift in education, from an emphasis on memorization and mastery of factual knowledge to a deeper and more applicable understanding. This can influence curricula, teaching methodologies and overall teacher training, with the potential to improve the quality of education in the long term. Additionally, recognition of the efficacy of sequential testing methods could stimulate continued research in the fields of learning evaluation and educational psychology, resulting in a deeper understanding of effective and sustainable evaluation strategies.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":717,"width":91,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"4. CONCLUSION","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":729,"width":456,"height":32,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on the results of interviews with students, it can be concluded that overall, these students have a good understanding of the concept of image formation on lenses. Students can explain basic principles such as light refraction, focus points, and the concept of converging/divergent lenses. Variations in student explanations","type":"Text"},{"left":105,"top":57,"width":9,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"","type":"Page header"},{"left":437,"top":59,"width":90,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN: 2716-1587","type":"Page header"},{"left":71,"top":776,"width":206,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed, Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2024: 62 - 67","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":59,"width":456,"height":69,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"66 demonstrate students' deep understanding and ability to relate the concept to relevant physical principles. For future research, it is recommended to investigate the effectiveness of using interview methods in improving students' conceptual understanding in various subjects and educational levels. Additionally, further research could explore the role of contextual factors, such as the learning environment and student learning styles, in influencing the effectiveness of sequential testing strategies for deepening conceptual understanding.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":154,"width":120,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS","type":"Section header"},{"left":107,"top":165,"width":370,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The author would like to thank all parties involved so that this research could be completed.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":188,"width":70,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"REFERENCES","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":198,"width":453,"height":20,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[1] R. Nurmalasari, R. Dian, P. Wati, P. Puspitasari, W. Diana, and N. K. Dewi, “55-Riana-Nurmalasari-Reta-Dian-Purnama- Wati-Poppy-Puspitasari,” pp. 722–733, 2013.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":220,"width":455,"height":19,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[2] S. Ineu, M. Teni, H. Yadi, H. H. Asep, and Prihantini, “Analisis Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di Sekolah Penggerak,” J. basicedu , vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 8248–8258, 2022.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":239,"width":455,"height":21,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[3] E. Sulistiani and Masrukan, “Pentingnya Berpikir Kritis dalam Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Menghadapi Tantangan MEA,” Semin. Nas. Mat. X Univ. Semarang , pp. 605–612, 2016.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":260,"width":455,"height":20,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[4] S. W. Oktavia, H. Mansur, and M.Hidayat, “Investigasi Keterampilan Mengajar Guru Fisika di SMA N 9 Kerinci,” J. Relativ. , vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 24–30, 2023.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":283,"width":456,"height":28,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[5] S. W. Octavia, N. Septiani, F. Sinaga, and N. N. Qoidah, “Analysis Of The Relationship In Learning Interest To Learning Outcomes Static Fluid Material In Senior High School,” J. Ilm. Ilmu Terap. Univ. Jambi , vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 31–41, 2023, doi: 10.22437/jiituj.v7i1.26696.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":312,"width":456,"height":20,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[6] N. J. Alsaleh, “Teaching Critical Thinking Skills : Literature Review,” Turkish Online J. Educ. Technol. , vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 21–39, 2020.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":332,"width":456,"height":31,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[7] W. A. Putri, A. Astalini, and D. Darmaji, “Analisis Kegiatan Praktikum untuk Dapat Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis,” Edukatif J. Ilmu Pendidik. , vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 3361–3368, 2022, doi: 10.31004/edukatif.v4i3.2638.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":363,"width":455,"height":21,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[8] N. Nada, H. Mustapa, Nur Kholija Harahap, and S. W. Oktavia, “Analysis Of Emotional Intelligence On Science Learning Achievement,” EduFisika , vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 261–267, 2023, doi: 10.59052/edufisika.v8i1.24864.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":384,"width":456,"height":21,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[9] W. A. Pratama, S. Hartini, and Misbah, “Analisis Literasi Digital Siswa Melalui Penerapan E-Learning Berbasis Schoology,” J. Inov. dan Pembelajaran Fis. , vol. 06, no. 1, pp. 9–13, 2019.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":407,"width":455,"height":18,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[10] Aziz, A. Fauzan, F. I. Putri, and M.Yudis, “Perbandingan Minat Belajar Ipa Fisika Siswa Pada Dua Kelas Di Pondok Pesantren,” J. Kependidikan , vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 26–37, 2021.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":427,"width":456,"height":19,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[11] N. Nursyamsiah, “Minat Belajar dan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa terhadap Kreativitas Belajar Sejarah Siswa Kelas X IPS MAN 1 Kabupaten Sarolangun,” Indones. J. Educ. Res. , vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 57–61, 2022, doi: 10.37251/ijoer.v3i3.562.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":448,"width":456,"height":18,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[12] Samijo and D. D. Romadona, “A Study of Science Process Skills on Simple Pendulum Materials,” SchrödingerJournal Phys. Educ. , vol. 4, no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.37251/sjpe.v4i1.494.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":469,"width":455,"height":18,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[13] E. A. Adekanye, “The use of electronic media by students of Yaba College of Technology, Lagos State, Nigeria: A qualitative study,” J. Libr. Serv. Technol. , vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1–16, 2023, doi: 10.47524/jlst.v5i3.2.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":490,"width":456,"height":18,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[14] G. Mc Pherson-Geyser, R. de Villiers, and P. Kavai, “The use of experiential learning as a teaching strategy in life sciences,” Int. J. Instr. , vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 877–894, 2020, doi: 10.29333/iji.2020.13358a.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":510,"width":456,"height":29,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[15] M. Nasir, C. Cari, W. Sunarno, and F. Rahmawati, “The effect of STEM-based guided inquiry on light concept understanding and scientific explanation,” Eurasia J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ. , vol. 18, no. 11, 2022, doi: 10.29333/ejmste/12499.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":541,"width":456,"height":31,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[16] M. Sailer, F. Schultz-Pernice, and F. Fischer, “Contextual facilitators for learning activities involving technology in higher education: The C ♭ -model,” Comput. Human Behav. , vol. 121, no. October 2020, p. 106794, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106794.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":574,"width":455,"height":18,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[17] A. Alenezi, “The role of e-learning materials in enhancing teaching and learning behaviors,” Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol. , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 48–56, 2020, doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.1.1338.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":593,"width":456,"height":30,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[18] D. C. Edelson et al. , “Developing Research-Based Instructional Materials to Support Large-Scale Transformation of Science Teaching and Learning: The Approach of the OpenSciEd Middle School Program,” J. Sci. Teacher Educ. , vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 780–804, 2021, doi: 10.1080/1046560X.2021.1877457.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":626,"width":456,"height":18,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[19] E. Kuswanto, “Peranan Guru PAI dalam Pendidikan Akhlak di Sekolah,” MUDARRISA J. Islam. Educ. , vol. 6, no. 2, p. 194, 2015, doi: 10.18326/mdr.v6i2.194-220.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":646,"width":456,"height":29,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[20] D. Desilva, I. Sakti, and R. Medriati, “Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Hasil Belajar Fisika Berorientasi Hots (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Pada Materi Elastisitas Dan Hukum Hooke,” J. Kumparan Fis. , vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 41–50, 2020, doi: 10.33369/jkf.3.1.41-50.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":677,"width":455,"height":19,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[21] S. Saharuddin and M. Wahab, “Analisis Kesulitan Dalam Pemebelajaran Ipa Di Smp Negeri Limboro,” J. IPA Terpadu , vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 75–83, 2019, doi: 10.35580/ipaterpadu.v2i2.11148.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":698,"width":456,"height":29,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[22] U. Ulfa, E. Saptaningrum, and A. F. Kurniawan, “Pengaruh Model Discovery Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Terpadu Terhadap Penguasaan Literasi Sains Siswa,” Pros. SNFA (Seminar Nas. Fis. dan Apl. , vol. 2, no. 2, p. 257, 2017, doi: 10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v2i0.16408.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":729,"width":455,"height":19,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[23] F. A. Farid Samsu Hananto, “Optimalisasi Tegangan Keluaran Dari Solar Cell Menggunakan Lensa Pemfokus Cahaya Matahari,” J. Neutrino , 2012, doi: 10.18860/neu.v0i0.1934.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":750,"width":456,"height":18,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[24] V. N. VAN HARLING, “Pengaruh Variasi Jumlah Lensa Terhadap Volume Air Tawar Yang Dihasilkan Dari Alat Penyulingan Air Laut Menggunakan Lensa Cembung,” J. Voering , vol. 2, no. 1, p. 43, 2017, doi: 10.32531/jvoe.v2i1.53.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":59,"width":67,"height":9,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed","type":"Page header"},{"left":252,"top":59,"width":73,"height":9,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN: 2716-1587","type":"Page header"},{"left":482,"top":57,"width":9,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"","type":"Page header"},{"left":98,"top":776,"width":429,"height":9,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in … (Wahyu Noor Hidayat)","type":"Page footer"},{"left":515,"top":59,"width":12,"height":9,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"67","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":73,"width":456,"height":29,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[25] R. Riwayani, R. Perdana, R. Sari, J. Jumadi, and H. Kuswanto, “Analisis kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa pada materi optik: Problem-based learning berbantuan edu-media simulation,” J. Inov. Pendidik. IPA , vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 45–53, 2019, doi: 10.21831/jipi.v5i1.22548.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":104,"width":456,"height":19,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[26] M. R. A. Taqwa, “Profil Pemahaman Konsep Mahasiswa dalam Menentukan Arah Resultan Gaya,” Pros. Semin. Nas. Pendidik. Sains , no. January 2017, pp. 79–87, 2017.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":125,"width":455,"height":18,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[27] M. John, J. M. Molepo, and M. Chirwa, “South African learners’ conceptual understanding about image formation by lenses,” Eurasia J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ. , vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1723–1736, 2017, doi: 10.12973/eurasia.2017.00694a.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":146,"width":456,"height":18,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[28] W. S. Peacarson, “The mediating effects of student beliefs on engagement with written feedback in preparation for high- stakes English writing assessment,” Assess. Writ. , vol. 52, no. January, p. 100611, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.asw.2022.100611.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":166,"width":456,"height":19,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[29] X. C. Cravens and S. B. Hunter, “Assessing the impact of collaborative inquiry on teacher performance and effectiveness,” Sch. Eff. Sch. Improv. , vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 564–606, 2021, doi: 10.1080/09243453.2021.1923532.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":187,"width":456,"height":29,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[30] A. S. Alanazi, A. A. Almulla, and M. A. S. Khasawneh, “Evaluating the Effects of Integrating Cognitive Presence Strategies on Teacher Attitudes and Student Learning Outcomes in Special Education and Autism Classrooms,” Int. J. Spec. Educ. , vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 80–89, 2023, doi: 10.52291/ijse.2023.38.24.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":218,"width":456,"height":18,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[31] G. W. Wright and S. Park, “The effects of flipped classrooms on K-16 students’ science and math achievement: a systematic review,” Stud. Sci. Educ. , vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 95–136, 2022, doi: 10.1080/03057267.2021.1933354.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":239,"width":454,"height":18,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[32] Amirotun Sholikhah, “Statistik Deskriptif Dalam Penelitian Kualitatif,” Komun. Islam , vol. 10, no. No. 2 (2016), pp. 1– 21, 2016.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":259,"width":456,"height":19,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[33] H. Subekti and D. N. Qomariyah, “Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif: Studi Eksplorasi Siswa Di Smpn 62 Surabaya,” Pensa E-Jurnal Pendidik. Sains , vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 242–246, 2021.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":280,"width":455,"height":19,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[34] Nurdin, D. Hamdhana, and M. Iqbal, “Aplikasi Quick Count Pilkada Dengan Menggunakan Metode Random Sampling Berbasis Android,” e-Journal Techsi Tek. Inf. , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 141–154, 2018.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":301,"width":456,"height":29,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[35] M. Smachew, M. F. Melak, A. Atenafu, and A. K. Belew, “Lifestyle Modification Practice and Associated Factors Among Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients in Selected Hospitals in Central Gondar Zone,” Nutr. Metab. Insights , vol. 15, 2022, doi: 10.1177/11786388221088245.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":332,"width":456,"height":29,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[36] M. Sholihah and N. Amaliyah, “Peran Guru Dalam Menerapkan Metode Diskusi Kelompok Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar,” J. Cakrawala Pendas , vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 898–905, 2022, doi: 10.31949/jcp.v8i3.2826.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":363,"width":455,"height":18,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[37] A. Astalini, D. A. Kurniawan, and S. Sumaryanti, “Sikap Siswa Terhadap Pelajaran Fisika di SMAN Kabupaten Batanghari,” JIPF (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidik. Fis. , 2018, doi: 10.26737/jipf.v3i2.694.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":384,"width":456,"height":28,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[38] Astalini, Darmaji, D. A. Kurniawan, S. W. Oktavia, E. Triani, and M. Z. Azzahra, “The Exploration of Character Values in Physics Learning on Momentum, Impulse, and Collision Materials,” J. Educ. Res. Eval. , vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 277–284, 2023, doi: 10.23887/jere.v7i2.52381.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":415,"width":456,"height":28,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[39] W. Nugraheni, “Peningkatan Kemampuan Mendeskripsikan Proses Pembentukan Bayangan Melalui Media Animasi Pada Siswa Kelas Viii-G Smpn 1 Puncu,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA , vol. 3, no. 2, p. 77, 2019, doi: 10.26740/jppipa.v3n2.p77-81.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":444,"width":454,"height":20,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[40] Nirsal, “Perangkat Lunak Pembentukan Bayangan pada Cermin dan Lensa,” J. Ilm. d’Computare , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 24– 33, 2019.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":466,"width":455,"height":19,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[41] E. Andriana, T. Djudin, and S. B. Arsyid, “Remediasi Miskonsepsi Pembiasan Cahaya Pada Lensa Tipis Menggunakan Direct Instruction Berbantuan Animasi Flash Sma,” J. Pendidik. dan Pembelajaran , vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2019.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":487,"width":455,"height":8,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[42] Rizal, “Perangkat pengukur rabun jauh dan rabun dekat pada mata berbasis mikrokontroler,” no. June, pp. 90–97, 2014.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":498,"width":456,"height":18,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[43] V. D. Sekerin, M. N. Dudin, A. E. Gorokhova, V. I. Gayduk, and V. I. Volkov, “Creation of a Virtual Image: Digital Technology of the 21st Century,” Amaz. Investig. , vol. 8, no. 20, pp. 340–348, 2019.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":518,"width":455,"height":19,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[44] A. S. Anhar, I. D. Sara, and R. H. Siregar, “Desain Prototype Sel Surya Terkonsentrasi Menggunakan Lensa Fresnel,” J. Online Tek. Elektro , vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1–7, 2017.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":539,"width":456,"height":29,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[45] J. Uwamahoro, K. Ndihokubwayo, M. Ralph, and I. Ndayambaje, “Physics Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Geometric Optics: Revisited Analysis,” J. Sci. Educ. Technol. , vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 706–718, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10956- 021-09913-4.","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Schrödinger:Journal of Physics Education\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 71,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2024, pp. 62~67 ISSN: 2716-1587, DOI: 10.37251/sjpe.v5i2.882 62\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 776,\n \"width\": 235,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Journal homepage: http://cahaya-ic.com/index.php/SJPE\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 101,\n \"top\": 106,\n \"width\": 397,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in Lenses\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 167,\n \"top\": 159,\n \"width\": 261,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Wahyu Noor Hidayat 1 , Ronno C. K 2 , Jhon Alfredo Silva Alé 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 84,\n \"top\": 171,\n \"width\": 430,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1 Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, State University of Malang, Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 185,\n \"top\": 181,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2 Department of Physics, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 175,\n \"top\": 191,\n \"width\": 248,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3 Departamento de Educación, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 233,\n \"width\": 52,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Article Info\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 231,\n \"top\": 233,\n \"width\": 54,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ABSTRACT\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 251,\n \"width\": 64,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Article history:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 269,\n \"width\": 93,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Received Jan 15, 2024 Revised May 07, 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 292,\n \"width\": 102,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Accepted Jun 21, 2024 OnlineFirst Jun 22, 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 231,\n \"top\": 251,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Purpose of the study: This research aims to analyze physics students' understanding of the concept of image formation in lenses.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 231,\n \"top\": 278,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Methodology: This method uses qualitative methods with a research design, namely documentation studies, data collection instruments using interview sheets with data analysis techniques, namely the Miles and Huberman technique.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 231,\n \"top\": 315,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Main Findings: Based on the research results, it can be seen that the level of students' conceptual understanding of image formation is increasing. This is shown by the number of student respondents who answered correctly during the written test, the number increased during the interview test and the average number of respondents who answered correctly was more than half of the total number of respondents. The increase in understanding of this concept occurred because the student respondents were better prepared when taking the interview test than when taking the written test. The respondent students were better prepared because the respondents' memories were revived after the written test.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 333,\n \"width\": 444,\n \"height\": 120,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Novelty/Originality of this study: This innovative approach not only highlights the importance of active learning strategies in education but also underscores the potential of sequential testing to foster deeper conceptual understanding among students. Keywords: Analysis Image Formation Lenses\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 385,\n \"width\": 72,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Physics Learning\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 397,\n \"width\": 101,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Understanding Concepts\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 321,\n \"top\": 468,\n \"width\": 199,\n \"height\": 8,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"This is an open access article under the CC BY license\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 527,\n \"width\": 99,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Corresponding Author:\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 539,\n \"width\": 94,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Wahyu Noor Hidayat,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 550,\n \"width\": 432,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, Semarang Street No. 5, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia Email: whynoorhdytt655@gmail.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 621,\n \"width\": 104,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1. INTRODUCTION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 633,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"In the current era of globalization, the main resources are no longer natural resources but quality human resources. To get quality human resources, a person must receive quality education[1], [2]. Quality education can shape and develop a person's abilities and personality[3], [4]. Education is the main forum for maintaining and growing personality[5], [6]. Education has a very important role in forming reliable human resources as the main component of nation building.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 690,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Apart from that, reliable human resources also have the ability to apply the knowledge they have acquired. One branch of science that has developed rapidly is physics. Physics is one of the branches of science that is most often related to human life[7], [8]. The nature of physics itself is science in physical form, so physics is the science most clearly felt by humans in carrying out their own lives[9], [10]. Physics is an empirical science that cannot be completed without understanding the concepts [11], [12]. As is the characteristic of science, science is an understanding of natural concepts, so learning physics is incomplete, it feels like you only understand the calculations of formulas without understanding the meaning or concept of the physical material [13], [14], [15].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 67,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 252,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 73,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN: 2716-1587\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 482,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 9,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 98,\n \"top\": 776,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in … (Wahyu Noor Hidayat)\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 104,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"63 The importance of physics material is so important that in learning physics, students must successfully master the material being taught. Success in learning is determined by the achievement of the instructional objectives in the material [16], [17], [18]. Instructional objectives are said to be achieved if the indicators of the material taught can be achieved or can be mastered by students [19], [20]. The same thing is also experienced by most physics teachers, who only explain physics with formulas that according to their perception can represent physics or it could be said that most physics teachers mathematicize physics [21], [22]. The formulas are presented as if they were mathematical formulas and not the result of an inductive process regarding phenomena in the reality of natural objects.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 165,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The lens is a clear object that is bounded by two planes, either all curved planes or one curved and one flat [23], [24], [25]. There are two types of lenses, namely convex lenses and concave lenses. Both have different characteristics in the image formation process. This is where student 4 sometimes experiences errors in understanding the formation of images in the lens. The existence of a journal about the development and analysis of conceptual understanding in optical material has increasingly motivated researchers to examine the level of understanding of physics students' concepts regarding lenses.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 234,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Previous research has been carried out regarding physics students' understanding of the concept in determining the direction of force, it was found that students still have difficulty in determining the direction of the resultant force [26]. The number of students who chose the correct option was 86.96% of students on the first question, 15.22% on the second question and 34.78% on the third question. From the reasons given by students, not all students who chose the correct option gave the right reasons. The reasons given still show many misconceptions. Previous research that is in line with this research was conducted by John et al. [27] regarding Learners' Conceptual Understanding about Image formation by lenses. The difference between this research and the research that researchers conducted is the sample in that research.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 326,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 101,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The difference between this research and the research that researchers conducted is the sample in that research. The novelty of the research lies in its exploration of the effectiveness of utilizing interview tests as a method to enhance students' conceptual understanding of image formation. Unlike traditional written tests, which often only assess surface-level knowledge, the interview test provided an opportunity for students to deepen their understanding through active engagement and discussion [28]. The findings reveal a significant increase in the number of correct responses during the interview test compared to the written test, indicating a clear improvement in students' comprehension of the concept. Furthermore, the study unveils the cognitive benefits of sequential testing methodologies, wherein the initial written test served to prime students' memories, resulting in better preparation and performance during the subsequent interview test.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 430,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 89,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"This research has significant implications in the context of education and learning evaluation. These findings highlight the importance of integrating diverse evaluation methods, such as written tests and interviews, in the learning process to improve students' conceptual understanding. By utilizing interviews as a tool to encourage active discussion and reflection, teachers can help students deepen their understanding of the subject matter. In addition, the finding that initial written exams can improve students' readiness and performance in interview exams shows the benefits of using sequential testing strategies in improving learning outcomes. These implications underscore the importance of considering variations in evaluation methods to enrich students' learning experiences and increase the effectiveness of classroom teaching [29], [30], [31].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 522,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 101,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on experience and survey results conducted by researchers after taking the optics course, one of the materials that some physics students think is easy but according to other physics students is difficult is optics. Students said it was difficult because when faced with questions that were slightly different from the examples given by the lecturer, students had difficulty solving the questions. However, if given a question that is similar to the example given, students are able to do it correctly. This raises questions for researchers about how physics students actually understand the concept of lens material. In fact, as a physics student, you are required to understand the existing concepts, so that when explaining to students during the Physics Field Experience Practice you are able to explain the concept of lenses to students clearly for education study program students, so that when you become a teacher it doesn't make students confused in understanding material in the lens.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 648,\n \"width\": 127,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2. RESEARCH METHOD\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 660,\n \"width\": 86,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2.1 Research Type\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 672,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Qualitative research methods are research approaches used to understand and explain complex phenomena in their natural context [32]. Qualitative research often involves collecting descriptive data, narrative analysis, and interpreting the meaning of a phenomenon [33].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 717,\n \"width\": 96,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2.2 Research Sample\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 729,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"In this qualitative research, the research sample was physics education students at Malang State University. With the sampling technique, namely random sampling technique. Random sampling technique is a sampling method in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as part of the\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 105,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 9,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 437,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN: 2716-1587\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 776,\n \"width\": 206,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed, Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2024: 62 - 67\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"64 sample [34], [35]. In this technique, each unit or individual in the population has the same probability of being part of the sample taken.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 108,\n \"width\": 136,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2.3 Data Collection Technique\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 119,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The data collection instrument for this research used interviews. Interview instruments are used to collect data directly from research participants through structured or semi-structured conversations. Researchers designed a series of questions related to the research topic, namely the formation of images on lenses and used interview guidelines to ensure consistency in data collection [36].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 177,\n \"width\": 129,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2.4 Data Analysis Technique\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 188,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Miles and Huberman analysis is a systematic approach to processing and presenting qualitative data in research [37], [38]. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman approach, which is a structured approach to qualitative data analysis. This approach consists of several main stages:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 220,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"• Data Reduction: Data from interviews is reduced into smaller units, such as themes or categories that are relevant to the formation of the image on the lens.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 244,\n \"width\": 446,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"• Data Presentation: The reduced data is presented in the form of narratives or quotes that represent the main findings of the analysis.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 268,\n \"width\": 446,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"• Drawing Conclusions/Verification: At this stage, the researcher draws conclusions or verifies the findings that emerge from data analysis. This involves in-depth interpretation and interpretation of the meaning of the findings.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 329,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 340,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of interviews with several physics students at Malang University, they explained the formation of images in lenses based on the students' understanding of physics concepts. The interview results were found as shown in the following table:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 386,\n \"width\": 430,\n \"height\": 79,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 1. Results of interviews with physics students regarding understanding image formation in lenses Questions Physics Student Answers How do students explain the formation of images in lenses based on the\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 410,\n \"width\": 444,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"students' understanding of physics concepts? Student A When light passes through a lens, it is refracted according to the law of light refraction. The image is formed at the point where the refracted light rays meet. So, in a converging lens, the image is formed on the other side of the object, while in a diverging lens, the image is formed on the same side as the object.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 161,\n \"top\": 468,\n \"width\": 42,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Student B\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 246,\n \"top\": 468,\n \"width\": 275,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The formation of images in the lens is related to the refraction of light. I understand that a converging lens focuses light to form a real image on the other side of the lens, while a diverging lens creates a virtual image on the same side as the object. This is related to the concept of the focal point of the lens.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 161,\n \"top\": 525,\n \"width\": 360,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Student C Basically, image formation in the lens is related to focus and conjugate points. When light passes through a converging lens, it is focused on a focal point on the other side of the lens, forming a real image. Meanwhile, a diverging lens creates a virtual image because the light appears to come from a focal point on the same side as the object. Student D\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 246,\n \"top\": 594,\n \"width\": 275,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"I understand that converging and diverging lenses have different properties in forming images. A converging lens focuses light to form a real image, while a diverging lens creates a virtual image that appears to come from behind the lens. This has to do with the shape of the lens and the way light is refracted.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 664,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 1. Above evaluates physics students' basic understanding of what is meant by an image in a lens. Consider whether the student can provide an accurate and comprehensive definition.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 687,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Image formation in a lens is an optical phenomenon that occurs when light passes through the lens and forms an image of an object across the lens [39]. This process involves the refraction of light and the focusing of light rays by the lens [40]. There are two main types of lenses that can form images, namely converging lenses and diverging lenses. Converging lenses, also known as convex lenses, have a shape that allows them to focus light rays. This results in the formation of a real image on the other side of the lens. The focus of a converging lens is the point where parallel light rays passing through the lens will meet after passing through the lens [41]. The real image is formed at the focal point on the other side of the lens.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 67,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 252,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 73,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN: 2716-1587\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 482,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 9,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 98,\n \"top\": 776,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in … (Wahyu Noor Hidayat)\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 81,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"65 A diverging lens, or concave lens, has a shape that causes the light rays passing through the lens to appear to originate from a focal point on the same side as the object. This results in the formation of a virtual image [42], [43]. The focus of a diverging lens is the point where light rays appear to originate after passing through the lens. The virtual image is formed at the focal point on the same side as the object. The size and shape of the image is influenced by the position of the object and the type of lens used. Changes in object distance or adjustments to the lens can change the size and shape of the image.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 142,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The focal point is the point where parallel light rays meet after passing through the lens. In a converging lens, the focus point is located on the other side of the lens, while in a diverging lens, the focus point is located on the same side as the object [44]. Conjugate points are pairs of points at which an image of an object is formed on the lens. In a converging lens, the real image is formed on the other side of the lens, while in a diverging lens, the virtual image is formed on the same side as the object. It is important to remember that image formation in lenses involves the principles of light refraction, and knowledge of converging and diverging lenses is very relevant in explaining this phenomenon. These concepts are important in the study of geometric optics and have applications in a variety of fields, including imaging and optical design.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 234,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of interviews with four physics students regarding understanding the concept of image formation in lenses, it was found that Student A clearly explained that image formation in lenses occurs through refraction of light. Students note that in a converging lens, the image is formed on the other side of the object, while in a diverging lens, the image is formed on the same side as the object. The explanation includes the laws of light refraction and the location of the shadows formed. Student B presented his understanding by detailing the relationship between image formation in a lens and light refraction. Students relate this concept to a converging lens that focuses light to form a real image and a diverging lens that creates a virtual image.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 315,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 89,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The understanding includes the concept of the lens focal point. Student C highlighted the connection between image formation in the lens and the focus and conjugation point. Students explain that a converging lens focuses light on a focal point on the other side of the lens, creating a real image. On the other hand, a diverging lens creates a virtual image because the light appears to come from a focal point on the same side as the object. Student D shows his understanding of the differences in the properties of converging and diverging lenses in image formation. Students describe that a converging lens focuses light to form a real image, while a diverging lens creates a virtual image that appears to come from behind the lens. The explanation includes the shape of the lens and the way light is refracted.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 407,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 89,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"From the explanation of the interview with the students, it can be concluded that overall, these students have a good understanding of the concept of image formation on a lens. Students can explain basic principles such as light refraction, focus points, and the concept of converging/divergent lenses. Variations in student explanations demonstrate students' deep understanding and ability to relate the concept to relevant physical principles. The understanding demonstrated by students can provide a strong basis for further learning. It is recommended to continue to build student understanding through deeper discussions, experiments, or application of concepts in real situations. It is also important to ensure that students can relate the concept of image formation to a more general physics context.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 499,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 101,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Previous research conducted by Uwamahoro et al. [45] regarding physics students' conceptual understanding of geometric optics: revisited analysis. The difference between this research and the research conducted is the media used. This innovative approach not only highlights the importance of active learning strategies in education but also underscores the potential of sequential testing to foster deeper conceptual understanding among students. Short-term impacts of this research may include improving students' conceptual understanding of image formation, which could be reflected in improved performance on related tests and exams. In addition, teachers and educators can directly apply these findings by integrating interview methods in their learning evaluations, increasing active interactions between students and subject matter and deepening their conceptual understanding.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 603,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 89,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"On the other hand, the long-term impact can be more substantial. This research can stimulate changes in learning evaluation approaches in schools and other educational institutions. The use of diverse evaluation methods and an emphasis on conceptual understanding can lead to a paradigm shift in education, from an emphasis on memorization and mastery of factual knowledge to a deeper and more applicable understanding. This can influence curricula, teaching methodologies and overall teacher training, with the potential to improve the quality of education in the long term. Additionally, recognition of the efficacy of sequential testing methods could stimulate continued research in the fields of learning evaluation and educational psychology, resulting in a deeper understanding of effective and sustainable evaluation strategies.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 717,\n \"width\": 91,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"4. CONCLUSION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 729,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of interviews with students, it can be concluded that overall, these students have a good understanding of the concept of image formation on lenses. Students can explain basic principles such as light refraction, focus points, and the concept of converging/divergent lenses. Variations in student explanations\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 105,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 9,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 437,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN: 2716-1587\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 776,\n \"width\": 206,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed, Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2024: 62 - 67\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 69,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"66 demonstrate students' deep understanding and ability to relate the concept to relevant physical principles. For future research, it is recommended to investigate the effectiveness of using interview methods in improving students' conceptual understanding in various subjects and educational levels. Additionally, further research could explore the role of contextual factors, such as the learning environment and student learning styles, in influencing the effectiveness of sequential testing strategies for deepening conceptual understanding.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 154,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 107,\n \"top\": 165,\n \"width\": 370,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The author would like to thank all parties involved so that this research could be completed.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 188,\n \"width\": 70,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"REFERENCES\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 198,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[1] R. Nurmalasari, R. Dian, P. Wati, P. Puspitasari, W. Diana, and N. K. Dewi, “55-Riana-Nurmalasari-Reta-Dian-Purnama- Wati-Poppy-Puspitasari,” pp. 722–733, 2013.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 220,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[2] S. Ineu, M. Teni, H. Yadi, H. H. Asep, and Prihantini, “Analisis Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di Sekolah Penggerak,” J. basicedu , vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 8248–8258, 2022.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 239,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[3] E. Sulistiani and Masrukan, “Pentingnya Berpikir Kritis dalam Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Menghadapi Tantangan MEA,” Semin. Nas. Mat. X Univ. Semarang , pp. 605–612, 2016.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 260,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[4] S. W. Oktavia, H. Mansur, and M.Hidayat, “Investigasi Keterampilan Mengajar Guru Fisika di SMA N 9 Kerinci,” J. Relativ. , vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 24–30, 2023.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 283,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 28,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[5] S. W. Octavia, N. Septiani, F. Sinaga, and N. N. Qoidah, “Analysis Of The Relationship In Learning Interest To Learning Outcomes Static Fluid Material In Senior High School,” J. Ilm. Ilmu Terap. Univ. Jambi , vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 31–41, 2023, doi: 10.22437/jiituj.v7i1.26696.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 312,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[6] N. J. Alsaleh, “Teaching Critical Thinking Skills : Literature Review,” Turkish Online J. Educ. Technol. , vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 21–39, 2020.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 332,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[7] W. A. Putri, A. Astalini, and D. Darmaji, “Analisis Kegiatan Praktikum untuk Dapat Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis,” Edukatif J. Ilmu Pendidik. , vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 3361–3368, 2022, doi: 10.31004/edukatif.v4i3.2638.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 363,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[8] N. Nada, H. Mustapa, Nur Kholija Harahap, and S. W. Oktavia, “Analysis Of Emotional Intelligence On Science Learning Achievement,” EduFisika , vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 261–267, 2023, doi: 10.59052/edufisika.v8i1.24864.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 384,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[9] W. A. Pratama, S. Hartini, and Misbah, “Analisis Literasi Digital Siswa Melalui Penerapan E-Learning Berbasis Schoology,” J. Inov. dan Pembelajaran Fis. , vol. 06, no. 1, pp. 9–13, 2019.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 407,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[10] Aziz, A. Fauzan, F. I. Putri, and M.Yudis, “Perbandingan Minat Belajar Ipa Fisika Siswa Pada Dua Kelas Di Pondok Pesantren,” J. Kependidikan , vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 26–37, 2021.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 427,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[11] N. Nursyamsiah, “Minat Belajar dan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa terhadap Kreativitas Belajar Sejarah Siswa Kelas X IPS MAN 1 Kabupaten Sarolangun,” Indones. J. Educ. Res. , vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 57–61, 2022, doi: 10.37251/ijoer.v3i3.562.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 448,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[12] Samijo and D. D. Romadona, “A Study of Science Process Skills on Simple Pendulum Materials,” SchrödingerJournal Phys. Educ. , vol. 4, no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.37251/sjpe.v4i1.494.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 469,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[13] E. A. Adekanye, “The use of electronic media by students of Yaba College of Technology, Lagos State, Nigeria: A qualitative study,” J. Libr. Serv. Technol. , vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1–16, 2023, doi: 10.47524/jlst.v5i3.2.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 490,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[14] G. Mc Pherson-Geyser, R. de Villiers, and P. Kavai, “The use of experiential learning as a teaching strategy in life sciences,” Int. J. Instr. , vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 877–894, 2020, doi: 10.29333/iji.2020.13358a.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 510,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[15] M. Nasir, C. Cari, W. Sunarno, and F. Rahmawati, “The effect of STEM-based guided inquiry on light concept understanding and scientific explanation,” Eurasia J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ. , vol. 18, no. 11, 2022, doi: 10.29333/ejmste/12499.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 541,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[16] M. Sailer, F. Schultz-Pernice, and F. Fischer, “Contextual facilitators for learning activities involving technology in higher education: The C ♭ -model,” Comput. Human Behav. , vol. 121, no. October 2020, p. 106794, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106794.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 574,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[17] A. Alenezi, “The role of e-learning materials in enhancing teaching and learning behaviors,” Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol. , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 48–56, 2020, doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.1.1338.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 593,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[18] D. C. Edelson et al. , “Developing Research-Based Instructional Materials to Support Large-Scale Transformation of Science Teaching and Learning: The Approach of the OpenSciEd Middle School Program,” J. Sci. Teacher Educ. , vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 780–804, 2021, doi: 10.1080/1046560X.2021.1877457.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 626,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[19] E. Kuswanto, “Peranan Guru PAI dalam Pendidikan Akhlak di Sekolah,” MUDARRISA J. Islam. Educ. , vol. 6, no. 2, p. 194, 2015, doi: 10.18326/mdr.v6i2.194-220.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 646,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[20] D. Desilva, I. Sakti, and R. Medriati, “Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Hasil Belajar Fisika Berorientasi Hots (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Pada Materi Elastisitas Dan Hukum Hooke,” J. Kumparan Fis. , vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 41–50, 2020, doi: 10.33369/jkf.3.1.41-50.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 677,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[21] S. Saharuddin and M. Wahab, “Analisis Kesulitan Dalam Pemebelajaran Ipa Di Smp Negeri Limboro,” J. IPA Terpadu , vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 75–83, 2019, doi: 10.35580/ipaterpadu.v2i2.11148.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 698,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[22] U. Ulfa, E. Saptaningrum, and A. F. Kurniawan, “Pengaruh Model Discovery Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Terpadu Terhadap Penguasaan Literasi Sains Siswa,” Pros. SNFA (Seminar Nas. Fis. dan Apl. , vol. 2, no. 2, p. 257, 2017, doi: 10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v2i0.16408.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 729,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[23] F. A. Farid Samsu Hananto, “Optimalisasi Tegangan Keluaran Dari Solar Cell Menggunakan Lensa Pemfokus Cahaya Matahari,” J. Neutrino , 2012, doi: 10.18860/neu.v0i0.1934.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 750,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[24] V. N. VAN HARLING, “Pengaruh Variasi Jumlah Lensa Terhadap Volume Air Tawar Yang Dihasilkan Dari Alat Penyulingan Air Laut Menggunakan Lensa Cembung,” J. Voering , vol. 2, no. 1, p. 43, 2017, doi: 10.32531/jvoe.v2i1.53.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 67,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 252,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 73,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN: 2716-1587\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 482,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 9,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 98,\n \"top\": 776,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in … (Wahyu Noor Hidayat)\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 515,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 12,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"67\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[25] R. Riwayani, R. Perdana, R. Sari, J. Jumadi, and H. Kuswanto, “Analisis kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa pada materi optik: Problem-based learning berbantuan edu-media simulation,” J. Inov. Pendidik. IPA , vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 45–53, 2019, doi: 10.21831/jipi.v5i1.22548.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 104,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[26] M. R. A. Taqwa, “Profil Pemahaman Konsep Mahasiswa dalam Menentukan Arah Resultan Gaya,” Pros. Semin. Nas. Pendidik. Sains , no. January 2017, pp. 79–87, 2017.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 125,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[27] M. John, J. M. Molepo, and M. Chirwa, “South African learners’ conceptual understanding about image formation by lenses,” Eurasia J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ. , vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1723–1736, 2017, doi: 10.12973/eurasia.2017.00694a.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 146,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[28] W. S. Peacarson, “The mediating effects of student beliefs on engagement with written feedback in preparation for high- stakes English writing assessment,” Assess. Writ. , vol. 52, no. January, p. 100611, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.asw.2022.100611.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 166,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[29] X. C. Cravens and S. B. Hunter, “Assessing the impact of collaborative inquiry on teacher performance and effectiveness,” Sch. Eff. Sch. Improv. , vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 564–606, 2021, doi: 10.1080/09243453.2021.1923532.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 187,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[30] A. S. Alanazi, A. A. Almulla, and M. A. S. Khasawneh, “Evaluating the Effects of Integrating Cognitive Presence Strategies on Teacher Attitudes and Student Learning Outcomes in Special Education and Autism Classrooms,” Int. J. Spec. Educ. , vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 80–89, 2023, doi: 10.52291/ijse.2023.38.24.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 218,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[31] G. W. Wright and S. Park, “The effects of flipped classrooms on K-16 students’ science and math achievement: a systematic review,” Stud. Sci. Educ. , vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 95–136, 2022, doi: 10.1080/03057267.2021.1933354.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 239,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[32] Amirotun Sholikhah, “Statistik Deskriptif Dalam Penelitian Kualitatif,” Komun. Islam , vol. 10, no. No. 2 (2016), pp. 1– 21, 2016.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 259,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[33] H. Subekti and D. N. Qomariyah, “Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif: Studi Eksplorasi Siswa Di Smpn 62 Surabaya,” Pensa E-Jurnal Pendidik. Sains , vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 242–246, 2021.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 280,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[34] Nurdin, D. Hamdhana, and M. Iqbal, “Aplikasi Quick Count Pilkada Dengan Menggunakan Metode Random Sampling Berbasis Android,” e-Journal Techsi Tek. Inf. , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 141–154, 2018.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 301,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[35] M. Smachew, M. F. Melak, A. Atenafu, and A. K. Belew, “Lifestyle Modification Practice and Associated Factors Among Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients in Selected Hospitals in Central Gondar Zone,” Nutr. Metab. Insights , vol. 15, 2022, doi: 10.1177/11786388221088245.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 332,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[36] M. Sholihah and N. Amaliyah, “Peran Guru Dalam Menerapkan Metode Diskusi Kelompok Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar,” J. Cakrawala Pendas , vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 898–905, 2022, doi: 10.31949/jcp.v8i3.2826.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 363,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[37] A. Astalini, D. A. Kurniawan, and S. Sumaryanti, “Sikap Siswa Terhadap Pelajaran Fisika di SMAN Kabupaten Batanghari,” JIPF (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidik. Fis. , 2018, doi: 10.26737/jipf.v3i2.694.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 384,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 28,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[38] Astalini, Darmaji, D. A. Kurniawan, S. W. Oktavia, E. Triani, and M. Z. Azzahra, “The Exploration of Character Values in Physics Learning on Momentum, Impulse, and Collision Materials,” J. Educ. Res. Eval. , vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 277–284, 2023, doi: 10.23887/jere.v7i2.52381.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 415,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 28,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[39] W. Nugraheni, “Peningkatan Kemampuan Mendeskripsikan Proses Pembentukan Bayangan Melalui Media Animasi Pada Siswa Kelas Viii-G Smpn 1 Puncu,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA , vol. 3, no. 2, p. 77, 2019, doi: 10.26740/jppipa.v3n2.p77-81.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 444,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[40] Nirsal, “Perangkat Lunak Pembentukan Bayangan pada Cermin dan Lensa,” J. Ilm. d’Computare , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 24– 33, 2019.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 466,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[41] E. Andriana, T. Djudin, and S. B. Arsyid, “Remediasi Miskonsepsi Pembiasan Cahaya Pada Lensa Tipis Menggunakan Direct Instruction Berbantuan Animasi Flash Sma,” J. Pendidik. dan Pembelajaran , vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2019.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 487,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 8,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[42] Rizal, “Perangkat pengukur rabun jauh dan rabun dekat pada mata berbasis mikrokontroler,” no. June, pp. 90–97, 2014.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 498,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[43] V. D. Sekerin, M. N. Dudin, A. E. Gorokhova, V. I. Gayduk, and V. I. Volkov, “Creation of a Virtual Image: Digital Technology of the 21st Century,” Amaz. Investig. , vol. 8, no. 20, pp. 340–348, 2019.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 518,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[44] A. S. Anhar, I. D. Sara, and R. H. Siregar, “Desain Prototype Sel Surya Terkonsentrasi Menggunakan Lensa Fresnel,” J. Online Tek. Elektro , vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1–7, 2017.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 539,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[45] J. Uwamahoro, K. Ndihokubwayo, M. Ralph, and I. Ndayambaje, “Physics Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Geometric Optics: Revisited Analysis,” J. Sci. Educ. Technol. , vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 706–718, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10956- 021-09913-4.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1895,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"60c356c4-b58a-de12-6aa7-12c33224cad5"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://e-journal.uac.ac.id/index.php/iijse/article/download/1576/714"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":343,"top":728,"width":171,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Muhammad Ulul Azmi et al. 201","type":"Page footer"},{"left":159,"top":73,"width":353,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"PRODUCTIVE WAQF FUND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY","type":"Section header"},{"left":297,"top":98,"width":123,"height":14,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Muhammad Ulul Azmi 1","type":"Text"},{"left":221,"top":115,"width":277,"height":25,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia muhammadululazmi@unida.gontor.ac.id","type":"Text"},{"left":298,"top":153,"width":111,"height":14,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Setiawan bin Lahuri 2","type":"Text"},{"left":220,"top":170,"width":280,"height":25,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia binlahuri@unida.gontor.ac.id","type":"Text"},{"left":287,"top":208,"width":139,"height":14,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Fazari Zulhasmi Kanggas 3","type":"Text"},{"left":223,"top":225,"width":277,"height":25,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia fazarizulhasmikanggas@unida.gontor.ac.id","type":"Text"},{"left":304,"top":264,"width":105,"height":14,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Imam Kamaluddin 4","type":"Text"},{"left":222,"top":280,"width":277,"height":25,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia abu.hananhaikal@gmail.com","type":"Text"},{"left":261,"top":319,"width":184,"height":14,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Soritua Ahmad Ramdani Harahap 5","type":"Text"},{"left":222,"top":336,"width":277,"height":24,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia ramdaniharahap688@gmail.com","type":"Text"},{"left":284,"top":391,"width":48,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Abstract","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":418,"width":445,"height":191,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"This article aims to provide an example for waqf management institutions in developing the benefits of productive waqf by implementing a good waqf management strategy and following the concept and purpose of waqf. With the increasing public interest in waqf and the increasing number of waqf management institutions throughout the world and especially in Indonesia. Along with that, there has not been a desire that can be emulated by waqf management institutions in determining the management strategy of productive waqf funds to develop the benefits of productive waqf itself. This type of research is qualitative research with data collection techniques conducted by conducting interviews with nadzir waqf in PM. Darussalam Gontor. This research shows that PM. Darussalam Gontor has a unique strategy in managing productive waqf funds while still looking at the purpose of the existing waqf, more than that, many communities around the boarding school can also benefit from productive waqf in PM. Darussalam Gontor. This research is expected to be a guide in developing the benefits of productive waqf in waqf management institutions in Indonesia.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":625,"width":432,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Keywords : Waqf fund Management Strategy, Productive Waqf, PM. Darussalam Gontor","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 202","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":99,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"INTRODUCTION","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":95,"width":445,"height":177,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Waqf is one form of al-'ibadah al-maliyah which is closely related to the development of the welfare of the people (Mukhlisin 2004). Throughout Islamic history, waqf has developed and played an important role in developing the social, economic, and cultural activities of the community. In addition, the existence of waqf has also facilitated scholars and students with various adequate facilities and infrastructure to conduct research and education, to reduce dependence on operational funds on the government. The prominent role of waqf can be seen in various Islamic educational facilities found in Egypt, Mecca, and Medina which have been long-lived and are financed by waqf funds (Najib&Al-Makassary).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":282,"width":445,"height":114,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"There are some differences between zakat, infaq, and alms, the existence of waqf as al-'ibadah al-maliyah is not explicitly mentioned in the Qur'an . Excavation of waqf law is carried out by scholars by elaborating the messages implicit in the Qur'an and the existing texts of the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad. Hadith texts related to waqf law are ijmali and general laws. The details of waqf law as contained in the study of fiqh are all the results of ijtihad from the scholars (Zarqa 1997).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":406,"width":445,"height":114,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"In Indonesia, there are still many waqf assets that are only managed consumptively and very traditionally. So that its role as a catalyst for social and economic problems of the people is not optimal. Several problems make the potential of waqf in Indonesia not yet productive. In addition to its management which tends to be consumptive and traditional, another problem lies with nazhir as the holder of the mandate of the waqif (the person who makes waqf ) to manage and develop the waqf property.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":530,"width":445,"height":135,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Empowerment of waqf property with good and modern management is necessary to establish the economic strength of the people to improve the welfare of the community. This is also adopted by Law no. 41 of 2004 concerning waqf which regulates various things that allow waqf objects to be managed productively so that the development of productive waqf now has a strong legal basis and is no longer a problem. The emergence of this law is a bright spot and fresh air for waqf in Indonesia. In it, there is an explanation of movable waqf objects and immovable waqf objects (Law No. 41 2004).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":675,"width":445,"height":32,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Although the impact of productive waqf has not yet been felt by most of the community, the management of productive waqf has begun to be carried out by several","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 203","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":445,"height":156,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"educational institutions or institutions. PM. Darussalam Gontor is one of the educational institutions that is considered successful in efforts to manage productive waqf, as stated in the results Research Center for Study of Religion and Culture (CSRC) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Since the early period of PM. Darussalam Gontor development, this boarding school has referred to itself as a “Waqf Islamic Boarding School”, which was officially donated by the three founders of PM. Darussalam Gontor (Trimurti) on October 12, 1958, by handing it over to the community (Muslims) who were entrusted to the PM. Darussalam Gontor waqf itself as a waqf agency representing Muslims (Zarkasyi 2005).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":240,"width":445,"height":198,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"The effectiveness of waqf property management in PM. Darussalam Gontor has developed very satisfactorily since the waqf. The development of the existing waqf started from waqf land covering an area of 18.59 ha, and currently, the number of lands managed by PM. Darussalam Gontor reaches 1,564.0612 ha. Meanwhile, the annual cash waqf assets from student alms and contributions from the guardians of students in 2007 reached Rp. 21,890,992,034 and increasing every year until in 2017 it reached 37,485,000,000. And also productive waqf assets derived from the results of the management of business units increased from 2007 which obtained 11,503,496,840 to 19,294,847,446 in 2009 (Wardun, 2017). This proves that PM. Darussalam Gontor has good waqf asset management effectiveness.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":447,"width":445,"height":115,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Based on the data and explanation above, the researcher is interested in further exploring the fund management implemented by PM. Darussalam Gontor is an educational institution that has been established for 95 years since its establishment in 1926. Along with increasing public trust in PM. Darussalam Gontor, so currently this boarding school has more than 24 branches and houses more than 25 thousand students and female students from all over the country.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":572,"width":445,"height":114,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Through this research, it is hoped that researchers will be able to get an explanation of how productive waqf fund management is carried out in PM. Darussalam Gontor in developing waqf assets, so that the results of this research can be utilized by other waqf management institutions. And more than that, this research is expected to be able to become an input in the literacy development of productive waqf and its implementation in other educational institutions or related.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 204","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":155,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"REVIEW OF LITERATURE","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":103,"width":445,"height":53,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Many kinds of research on productive waqf have been carried out, here are some studies that can assist researchers in understanding productive waqf management and its development in Indonesia.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":174,"width":445,"height":259,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"According to Abdul Haris Naim regarding the development of waqf objects including the ijtihad area, so that there will be many ways to be able to add other types of waqf objects (Naim 2017). Then An'im Fattach stated that this research was made using a qualitative method with a library approach. As a result, it is known that productive waqf is a means for social reconstruction and development, in which the majority of the population can participate (Fattach 2015). To realize this participation, various efforts have been made to introduce the importance of cash waqf as a means of transferring the savings of the rich to entrepreneurs and intensively. In this form, the capital (waqf property) is invested, then the results of the investment are distributed to those who are entitled. Riris Fatmawati also conducted research using descriptive qualitative methods, the results showed that the existing waqf land has the potential to be developed into a productive, proposed model of waqf management based on mudharabah sukuk there are two models, namely asset-based mudharabah sukuk and capital-based mudharabah sukuk (Fatmawati 2017).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":457,"width":127,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"RESEARCH METHOD","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":477,"width":445,"height":197,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"The research was conducted in PM. Darussalam Gontor is located in the village. District Gontor. Mlarak, District. Ponorogo, East Java. This type of research uses qualitative research methods, with descriptive analysis. Bogdan and Taylor define qualitative methods as research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observed behavior. According to them, this approach is directed at the background and the individual holistically (Utsman 2014). Qualitative research methods are also often called naturalistic research methods because the research is carried out in natural conditions (natural settings). This method is used to obtain in-depth data, data that contains meaning. Meaning is actual data, definite data which is a value behind visible data (Sugiyono 2014).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 205","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":445,"height":114,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"The data sources used in this study are divided into two, namely, primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data taken from primary sources or the first source in the field (Ibrahim 2015). In this case, interviews were conducted with the people who were the management in PM. Darussalam Gontor and important documents in the field. Secondary data is data that supports or provides useful information related to this research, both internal and external data (Indrintoro 2002).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":199,"width":445,"height":73,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"In collecting the required data and information, the researcher uses three main data collection techniques commonly used in qualitative field studies such as observation, interviews, and documents. These three techniques, according to Merriam, are generally referred to as triangulation (Merriam 1990).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":282,"width":445,"height":135,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"The data analysis used is qualitative data analysis, which is carried out in a non-statistical way, namely the process for arranging the order of the data, organizing it into patterns, categories, and basic descriptions, until reaching the interpretation process (Kaelan 2012). Miles and Huberman (1994) in Ibrahim's writings suggest that activities in qualitative data analysis are carried out interactively and take place continuously and thoroughly so that the data is saturated. This activity consists of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and testing (Ibrahim 2015).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":441,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"RESULTS AND DISCUSSION","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":461,"width":101,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Fund Management","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":482,"width":445,"height":135,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Management in Islam is called idarah which is taken from the words adartasy-syai'i or adarta bihi which can also be based on the word ad-dauran . Therefore, in the Elias Modern Dictionary English Arabic the word management is matched with the words tadbir , idara , siyasah and qiyadah in the Arabic dictionary (Muhammad 2005). In the view of Islam, the most important thing in management is the nature of ri'ayah or the spirit of leadership. Leadership itself in Islam is a major factor in the concept of management. This basic nature is the most important part of humans as khalifah fil-ard (Aziz 2010) .","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":627,"width":445,"height":52,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Management in business entities is generally driven by a profit motive, therefore management must be carried out in an efficient manner. Management in general means a special activity that includes leadership, direction, personal development, planning and","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 206","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":445,"height":31,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"supervision of the work relating to the main elements in a project, so that the targeted results can be achieved in an effective and efficient manner (Muhammad, 2002).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":116,"width":445,"height":94,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"While fund management is a process of regulating financial activities or activities within an organization in which there are activities such as planning, analysis, and control of all financial activities. James C. Van Hornes defines fund management as all activities related to the acquisition, financing, and management of assets for several purposes (Mulyawan, 2015). The activity can be described as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":285,"top":220,"width":46,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Figure 1","type":"Section header"},{"left":229,"top":234,"width":152,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Fund Management Activities","type":"Section header"},{"left":129,"top":434,"width":282,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Fund management itself has several objectives as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":129,"top":454,"width":108,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"1. Get optimal profit","type":"List item"},{"left":129,"top":475,"width":226,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"2. Provide adequate cash and liquid activities","type":"List item"},{"left":129,"top":496,"width":82,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"3. Save backup","type":"List item"},{"left":129,"top":516,"width":401,"height":32,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"4. Managing the activities of economic institutions with appropriate policies for someone who acts as a custodian of other people’s funds.","type":"List item"},{"left":129,"top":555,"width":395,"height":14,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"5. Meeting the community’s need for financing (Andrianto&Firmansyah, 2019).","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":591,"width":264,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf and its Management in Indonesia","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":619,"width":445,"height":73,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"In-Law Number 41 of 2004, waqf is defined as \"the legal act of wakif to separate and/or surrender part of his property to be used forever or for a certain period following his interests for worship and/or public welfare according to sharia.\" With the development of the times, waqf is no longer associated with the object of waqf in the form of the land but","type":"Text"},{"left":211,"top":278,"width":167,"height":118,"page_number":6,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Fundraising Use of Funds Asset Management","type":"Picture"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 207","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":445,"height":73,"page_number":7,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"has penetrated other forms. In Indonesia, several new types of waqf have been accommodated legally with the existence of Law No. 41 of 2004 concerning waqf. This is a form of refinement of the waqf concept contained in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) (Sudirman&Arofah, 2004).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":166,"width":445,"height":135,"page_number":7,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"The emergence of Law no. 41 of 2004 which was strengthened by PP No. 42 of 2006 concerning its implementation has provided a new paradigm of waqf, where apart from being a religious institution or worship, waqf is also a potential economic force if it is empowered productively for the welfare of the people. Productive waqf can also be interpreted as assets used for production activities such as agriculture, industry, and services, then profit from the development of waqf are distributed to groups who are entitled to receive according to the purpose of waqf (Rahman&Widiastuti, 2019).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":318,"width":445,"height":156,"page_number":7,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"The definition of productive waqf according to the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia is defined as a transformation from natural waqf management to professional waqf to increase or increase the benefits of waqf. So, it can develop and produce, whose process is managed in a managerial and professional manner (Depag, 2015). In the management of waqf and its development, the law explains the following provisions (Law No. 41 2004): a) Waqf management must comply with sharia principles; b) Waqf management methods must be carried out productively; c) If management requires a guarantor, it must use a sharia guarantor.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":492,"width":445,"height":94,"page_number":7,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Then in the explanation of Law Number 41 of 2004, it is explained about ways to produce waqf, the methods referred to include collecting, investing, producing, partnering, trading, agribusiness, mining, industry, technology development, building construction, apartments, flats, markets, supermarkets, shops, offices, educational facilities and health facilities, and businesses that do not conflict with sharia.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 208","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":334,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund Management in PM. Darussalam Gontor","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":96,"width":184,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"History of PM. Darussalam Gontor","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":116,"width":445,"height":177,"page_number":8,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"PM. Darussalam Gontor could not find the history of the existence of Tegalsari boarding school which is located in Ponorogo, East Java. This boarding school then lives and develops from generation to generation. However, when it began to enter the 19th century or precisely when it was led by the fourth generation of Kyai Ageng Muhammad Besari family, the Tegalsari boarding school began to decline (Zarkasyi 2005). Since then the old Gontor Islamic Boarding School began, and by bringing 40 students from Tegalsari boarding school, the old Gontor grew and developed under the leadership of Kyai Arkham Anom Besari who was the son of Kyai Sulaiman Jamaluddin. At that time, Gontor students came from various regions to the West Java Pasundan (Muslim, 2017).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":302,"width":445,"height":177,"page_number":8,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"After Kyai Santoso, Gontor boarding school did not see any educational activities, this was due to the lack of attention to regeneration. This situation did not make Kyai Santoso's wife resigned to seeing Pondok Gontor Boarding School lost to history, Nyai Santoso then sent his three sons to several boarding school and educational institutions to be able to deepen their religious knowledge and continue his father's struggle to develop Gontor Boarding School. The three sons were Kyai Ahmad Sahal (1901-1967), Kyai Zainuddin Fanani (1908-1967) and Kyai Imam Zarkasyi (1910-1985), these three brothers who later became known as \"Trimurti\" the founder of PM Darussalam Gontor (Zarkasyi, 2005).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":486,"width":445,"height":179,"page_number":8,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"On 28 Rabi'ul Awwal 1378 which coincided with October 12 th , 1958, at 10:30 at the hall PM. Darussalam Gontor, the Trimurti consisting of K.R.H. Ahmad Sahal, K.R.H. Zainuddin Fananie, and K.R.H. Imam Zarkasyi has officially pledged to endow his wealth and boarding school to Muslims. And the second party who is considered to represent Muslims when this important event is 15 IKPM members from various regions in Indonesia (Piagam). After PM. Darussalam Gontor was pledged as waqf for Muslims, all property and all forms of rights attached to PM. Darussalam Gontor have turned into waqf. This transfer also marks the shift of ownership of the boarding school from private ownership to agency property (Praja, 2009).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 209","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":176,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund Collection","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":95,"width":445,"height":136,"page_number":9,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive waqf is defined as a transformation from natural waqf management to professional waqf to increase or increase the benefits of waqf. So that it can develop and produce, whose process is managed in a managerial and professional manner (Depag, 2005). Meanwhile, according to Syafi'i Antonio explained that productive waqf is the empowerment of waqf which is characterized by three main characteristics, namely the pattern of waqf management must be integrated, the principle of nazhir welfare, and the principle of transparency and responsibility (Mubarok, 2008).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":240,"width":445,"height":136,"page_number":9,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Until now PM. Darussalam Gontor has a lot of waqf assets which are the result of continuous management and development that has been carried out continuously. When reviewing the existing history, these assets have been collected since the establishment of PM. Darussalam Gontor. This effort is carried out through several stages, such as collecting it from benefactors, then buying livestock. The livestock are kept until they grow and breed. Then the cattle are sold and the money from the sale is used to finance the boarding school.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":385,"width":445,"height":73,"page_number":9,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Then, regarding the acceptance of the surrender of waqf objects such as building materials, livestock, books, religious books, some of the produce of one's land, etc. Then raise capital for trading and transport businesses which, according to the plan, the results were to develop Pondok Modern waqf, but these businesses failed.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":468,"width":445,"height":156,"page_number":9,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Learn from it PM. Darussalam Gontor started again to collect money from benefactors and was accompanied by a waqf mandate, which collected a lot of agricultural lands. It is at this stage that PM. Darussalam Gontor received considerable attention from the public. So at that time, people began to hand over their farms to the boarding school to be waqf and managed. Furthermore, part of the agricultural land that is already owned is collected to buy more agricultural land, and besides that, it continues to receive infaq money from the Muslims to buy agricultural land and is also used to expand the college complex in the boarding school (DCC, 2004).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":634,"width":445,"height":73,"page_number":9,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"At this time, every year many people intend to make waqf to PM. Darussalam Gontor, but not all of them are accepted outright without consideration of the willingness and readiness of the boarding school to manage it, so usually this will be submitted to the headmaster of the boarding school and then wait for a decision from the headmaster of the","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 210","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":445,"height":31,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"boarding school (Yasin, 2020). Usually PM. Darussalam Gontor is more passive and waiting in collecting productive waqf assets.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":116,"width":445,"height":32,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive waqf assets that are usually collected by PM. Darussalam Gontor can be classified as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":158,"width":380,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Waqf of immovable property (property) and movable object (commodity)","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":178,"width":445,"height":156,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"One example as recorded in the history of PM. Darussalam Gontor, there are several waqifs inspired by the event of the PM. Darussalam Gontor waqf handover. Darussalam Gontor in 1958. One of them is H. Moh. Anwar Shodiq, who later donated his land area of 24,926 ha and 163,376 ha, respectively, to the Foundation for the Maintenance and Expansion of Waqf of Pondok Modern Gontor. For signing of the deed of surrender was then carried out in the presence of the village head of Gontor on December 9, 1960 (DCC, 2004). These waqf assets continue to develop, until now PM is recorded. Darussalam Gontor manages a land area of 15,774,799 m 2 .","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":344,"width":445,"height":218,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"In addition to waqf of immovable objects (property) in the form of land and buildings as described above, PM. Darussalam Gontor also obtained several waqfs of movable objects in the form of industrial commodities, transportation, and several other supporting equipment. One example is what was given through an entrepreneur named Pak Shodiq, the chairman of YPPWPM said that he was the one who donated the equipment and supplies needed for the creation of a new business unit that operated in 2019, namely the Latansa Gas Center. Everything was prepared by Mr. Shodiq and the lodge just had to manage it (Shobari 2020). Waqf of movable objects which can be considered routinely obtained by PM. Darussalam Gontor is a waqf from final students whose nominal value can reach 2-3 billion, the forms are transportation, industrial machines, complementary facilities and infrastructure, as well as various other forms..","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":572,"width":61,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Cash Waqf","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":592,"width":445,"height":115,"page_number":10,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"According to the Chairman of YPPWPM, this waqf is also often obtained by PM. Darussalam Gontor, usually the wakif who are interested in cash waqf or the form of money will come to YPPWPM and then will be directed to the Administration boarding school to hand over the waqf. The management of this waqf is then under the authority of the headmaster of the boarding school directly, following the existing waqf designation (Shobari, 2020).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":11,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":11,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":11,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":11,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":11,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 211","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":433,"height":11,"page_number":11,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Management & Distribution of Productive Waqf Funds in PM. Darussalam Gontor.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":95,"width":445,"height":115,"page_number":11,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"In the organizational structure of traditional Islamic boarding schools, in general, the highest power will be in the hands of the Kyai as the founder and owner of the boarding school, while the existence of the heads of institutions and sections under the Kyai are only as assistants to the Kyai in carrying out the boarding school program. Because boarding school ownership is individualistic and not communal, the Kyai authority is very dominant in determining boarding school policy (Praja, 2009).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":220,"width":445,"height":238,"page_number":11,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"In PM. Darussalan Gontor, the management of waqf is always related to the management of the boarding school which is generally centered on the headmaster. Therefore, Trimurti, the founder of PM. Darussalam Gontor is considered to have initiated the reform of the management of his boarding school by giving this mandate to the Waqf Board which is processed through the waqf pledge. Judging from the legal aspect, this incident resulted in the transfer of rights from the founder and his family to the PM. Darussalan Gontor Waqf Board which represented Muslims. And from the management aspect it is interpreted that there is a delegation of authority from the Kyai to the Waqf Board to maintain and manage the boarding school and its waqf in full. This is what distinguishes Gontor boarding school from traditional boarding school, which are in the management of the waqf mandate in PM. Darussalam Gontor involves various institutions that are formed according to the needs of the boarding school management (Iman, 2019).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":468,"width":445,"height":135,"page_number":11,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Regarding fund management in all of PM. Darussalam Gontor was delegated directly to the administration of the boarding school as the direct right hand of the headmaster of the boarding school, as well as in terms of the management of productive waqf funds. So, overall it is the administration of the boarding school that manages the entire circulation of productive waqf funds contained in PM. Darussalam Gontor and its use will also be adjusted to the needs of the boarding school because the boarding school itself is a waqf asset.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":613,"width":445,"height":94,"page_number":11,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"According to an explanation from one of the administrators at PM. Darussalam Gontor, the distribution of productive waqf funds in the future will be adjusted to the source of the funds obtained, if obtained in the form of cash waqf and accompanied by conditions from the wakif such as its designation to build a “place ( tandon ) for drinking water for students or a certain building” then the administration section will follow up by","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 212","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":445,"height":73,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"considering it together with the development department whether the land is available or not. When there is none and it is not too urgent for the boarding school, the administrator will contact the wakif again to explain the situation and ask for the continuation of the wakif's intention to make waqf (Umam, 2020).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":158,"width":445,"height":155,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Meanwhile, the distribution of productive waqf funds sourced from other forms will be distributed for the development of existing waqf assets and also the progress of the boarding school which is also part of the waqf asset itself. For its own purpose, as explained by the headmaster of the boarding school in the interview, the existing funds will definitely be allocated for the “Panca-Term” PM. Darussalam Gontor (Mariyat, 2020). “Panca-Term” is a boarding school work program whose function is as a guide in developing PM. Darussalam Gontor. The points in the “Panca-Term” can be explained as follows (Staf SEKPIM, 1997):","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":323,"width":175,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Education and teaching (Student)","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":344,"width":445,"height":94,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"What is meant here is trying with all my heart and energy and maximizing all efforts to perfect education, teaching, guidance and care for the younger generation. The level of education and teaching in PM. Darussalam Gontor starts from junior high school, continues with high school (called the KMI program), and continues with the Strata 1 (S1) program to Strata 3 (S3) at University of Darussalam.","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":448,"width":72,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Regeneration","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":468,"width":445,"height":115,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"The history of the rise and fall of a business, especially the history of the life and death of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, provides lessons on the importance of regeneration. Even a well-known hut one day will become backward from day to day and even disappear by leaving only its history when the Kyai dies. Reflecting on this and also learning from the history of the old Gontor, the effort to prepare regeneration is an obligation to be able to realize PM. Darussalam Gontor ideals.","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":593,"width":147,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Infrastructure Development","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":613,"width":445,"height":94,"page_number":12,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"This term is an attempt by PM. Darussalam Gontor in providing proper facilities and infrastructure for students so that education and teaching can run optimally. Buildings are not just a matter of classrooms and dormitories, but more than that, including the construction of facilities that support the creation of a full and dynamic Islamic boarding school and environment such as health facilities, sports and canteens.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 213","type":"Page footer"},{"left":211,"top":420,"width":245,"height":167,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"70% 20% 10% Productive Waqf Fund Management Pengembangan Wakaf Mauquf Alaih Nazhir Waqf Development","type":"Picture"},{"left":106,"top":75,"width":378,"height":11,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Khizanatullah (Development of Waqf Asset (Value, System and Property)","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":95,"width":445,"height":115,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"One of the most important and absolute requirements for an institution to survive and develop is to have its own source of income. Institutions that only expect or rely on assistance whose future is uncertain will be less secure. That's what PM.Darussalam Gontor is formed a Waqf Board whose implementation was then mandated to the Pondok Modern Waqf Maintenance and Expansion Foundation (YPPWPM) which was in charge of rice fields, farm and others as well as expanding existing assets.","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":220,"width":138,"height":11,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Family welfare (Teachers)","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":240,"width":445,"height":73,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"This step is a family matter or known as “family welfare” that must be fully considered. It is intended that the supporters, defenders and those who fight for the life and death of the boarding school do not depend on the boarding school for their life (economics). Even should be able to give life to the boarding school (Staf SEKPIM, 1997).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":323,"width":238,"height":11,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund Management Strategy","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":344,"width":445,"height":52,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Implementation of productive waqf fund management strategies as research conducted by Imada Ulinnuha, UNISMA Foundation implements fund management strategies for productive waqf as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":161,"top":655,"width":337,"height":11,"page_number":13,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund Management at the UNISMA Foundation","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":14,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":14,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":14,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":14,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":14,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 214","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":445,"height":218,"page_number":14,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"This formulation is in accordance with Law no. 41 of 2004, which is regulated in article 12 that Nadzir in accordance with the duties and mandates carried out gets a share of the results of waqf management of a maximum of 10%. Mauquf Alaih himself received a waqf benefit of 20% of the net profit of waqf management. These funds are usually distributed to madrasa teachers, mosque imams, cleaning staff, etc. Which states \"in achieving the purpose of waqf, waqf property is intended for facilities and activities of worship, facilities and activities of education and health. Then assistance to the poor, abandoned children, orphans, scholarships and the advancement of general welfare which is not against sharia and laws and regulations. And 70% of the waqf proceeds are allocated for waqf development with the aim that waqf development can develop rapidly and quickly (Ulinnuha, 2019).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":302,"width":445,"height":136,"page_number":14,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"In general, this percentage has become a reference for productive waqf management institutions, but it is not applied in PM. Darussalam Gontor. In interviews conducted by researchers with al-Ustadz Imam Mukhtar and al-Ustadz Akrim Mariyat, both of them explained in terms of fund management in PM. Darussalam Gontor has implemented financial centralization including the results of productive waqf management. The management of waqf is managed by the administration of the boarding school and subsequently becomes the prerogative of the headmaster of the boarding school.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":447,"width":445,"height":156,"page_number":14,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"He explained that this cannot be separated from the waqf pledge event that occurred in PM. Darussalam Gontor in 1958, at which time “Trimurti”, the founder of the PM. Darussalam Gontor, donated the boarding school and its assets to Muslims, which means everything owned and produced by PM. Darussalam is a waqf asset (Mariyat, 2020). The allocation is the prerogative of the headmaster, but it is important to note that the allocation of the existing funds will definitely be channeled to the “Panca-Term” that has been described previously. The portion will be discussed by the headmaster with the Waqf Board , depending on which term development you want to prioritize.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":613,"width":445,"height":94,"page_number":14,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Al-Ustadz Imam Mukhtar added: \"Indeed there are those who we give 10% of the results of the waqf management that he does, such as waqf land in Nganjuk which is managed by non-alumni Gontor, there are also those who get 5% such as land managers in Jetis, which is a the family of one of the teachers in Gontor”. But other than that the waqf managers in PM. Darussalam Gontor does not expect a single cent of the results of the","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 215","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":445,"height":94,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"productive waqf management that he strives. Even researchers can mention that many of them actually expend all their energy, thoughts, and even wealth for the development of waqf management in PM. Darussalam Gontor. And if it is a percentage, the management of waqf funds is in PM. Darussalam Gontor is 100% for mauquf alaih and development or even 150%.","type":"Text"},{"left":121,"top":382,"width":334,"height":11,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund Management in PM. Darussalam Gontor","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":424,"width":445,"height":93,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"This is because the part of Nazhir which is his right is not taken and instead takes out what Nazhir has for the development of PM. Darussalam Gontor. While the mauquf alaih, PM. Darussalam Gontor himself is a mauquf alaih which is a pesantren-based educational institution, so it is very appropriate if the allocation of the mauquf alaih part is returned to the boarding school.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":541,"width":84,"height":11,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"CONCLUSION","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":562,"width":445,"height":135,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Management of productive waqf funds in PM. Darussalam Gontor is very good and tidy. The management is not directly carried out by the Waqf Board as a nazhir who directly receives the waqf mandate, or the headmaster of the boarding school as a mandate of the Waqf Board , but also entrusted to an institution that also has a legal entity, namely Pondok Modern Waqf Maintenance and Expansion Foundation (YPPWPM), which then form parts to maximize the management of existing waqf assets. And specifically for fund management, PM. Darussalam Gontor implements a centralized financial system, where the","type":"Text"},{"left":204,"top":300,"width":52,"height":18,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"100%","type":"Section header"},{"left":198,"top":188,"width":180,"height":16,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund","type":"Section header"},{"left":207,"top":208,"width":162,"height":16,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Management in PM.","type":"Text"},{"left":210,"top":229,"width":157,"height":16,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Darussalam Gontor","type":"Section header"},{"left":333,"top":282,"width":88,"height":11,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Mauquf Alaih dan","type":"Picture"},{"left":333,"top":296,"width":73,"height":11,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Pengembangan","type":"Text"},{"left":344,"top":277,"width":84,"height":22,"page_number":15,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Mauquf Alaihi And Its Development","type":"Picture"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 216","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":445,"height":156,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"management of all finances is in PM. Darussalam Gontor is centralized in the administration section and then becomes the prerogative of the headmaster in its allocation. However, the allocation of waqf proceeds that are managed productively will certainly be channeled on target, namely for “Panca-Term” boarding school. And “Panca-Term” PM. Darussalam Gontor has long been formulated as the main foundation in developing and distributing existing waqf assets. The five points in it are: a) Education and teaching; b) Regeneration; c) Infrastructure development; d) Khizanatullah (Developing of waqf asset (value, system, & property); e) Family Welfare (Teachers).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":262,"width":84,"height":11,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"REFERENCES","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":289,"width":445,"height":25,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Andrianto dan Firmansyah, M. Anang. (2019). Manajemen Bank Syariah: Implementasi Teori dan Praktek, Pasuruan: CV. Penerbit Qiara Media.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":330,"width":388,"height":11,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Aziz, Abdul. (2010). Manajemen Investasi Syariah. Bandung: Pustaka Alfabeta.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":358,"width":445,"height":25,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Departemen Agama RI. (2005). Wakaf Tunai dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam. Jakarta: Dirjen Bimas Islam dan Penyelenggaraan Haji, cet. 1.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":399,"width":445,"height":39,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Fatmawati, Riris. (2017). Potensi Penerapan Sukuk Mudharabah Dalam Pengelolaan Wakaf Produktif. Tesis, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":452,"width":445,"height":41,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Fattach, An’im. (2015). Wakaf Dalam Hukum Islam: Studi Naratif Wakaf Produktif dan Pengembangannya Melalui Investasi. Tesis, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel, Surabaya.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":510,"width":342,"height":11,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Ibrahim, (2015). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":538,"width":423,"height":11,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Iman, Nurul. (2019). Wakaf Untuk Kemandirian Pendidikan, Cet. II. Ponorogo: Wade.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":565,"width":442,"height":11,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indrintoro, Nur. (2002). Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis: untuk Akuntansi dan Manajemen.","type":"List item"},{"left":121,"top":579,"width":97,"height":11,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Yogyakarta: BPFE.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":607,"width":433,"height":11,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Kaelan. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Interdisipliner. Yogyakarta: Paradigma.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":634,"width":445,"height":25,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Merriam, S.B. (1990). Case study research in education: A qualitative approach, 3 rd Ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":675,"width":386,"height":11,"page_number":16,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Mubarok, Jaih. (2008). Wakaf Produktif. Bandung: Simbiosa Rekatama Media.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 217","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":388,"height":11,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Muhammad. (2002). Manajemen Bank Syariah, Yogyakarta: UPP AMP YKPN.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":102,"width":375,"height":11,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Muhammad. (2005). Manajemen Dana Bank Syariah, Yogyakarta: Ekonisia.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":130,"width":445,"height":52,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Mukhlisin Akhmad, Teguh Arifin, M. Dimyati. 2018. Pengambilan Harta Wakaf Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang No 41 Tahun 2004 (Studi Kasus di Desa Karang Anyar Kec. Jati Agung Kab. Lam-Sel Tahun 2016). Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum , 2 (1) Juni.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":199,"width":365,"height":11,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Mulyawan, Setia. (2015). Manajemen Keuangan, Bandung: Pustaka Mulia.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":226,"width":445,"height":25,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Muslim, (2017), Eksistensi Gontor di Tengah Arus Modernisasi Pendidikan Sebuah Model Inovasi Kurikulum, Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan,17 (2).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":268,"width":445,"height":25,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Naim, Abdul Haris. (2017). Pengembangan Objek Wakaf dalam Fiqih Islam dan Hukum Positif di Indonesia, Jurnal Zakat dan Wakaf (ZISWAF), 4 (2).","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":309,"width":445,"height":39,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Najib, Tuti A dan al-Makassary, Ridwan. (2006). Wakaf, Tuhan dan Agenda Kemanusiaan: Studi tentang wakaf dalam perspektif keadilan sosial di Indonesia , Jakarta: CRSC Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":364,"width":296,"height":11,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Pasal 43 Undang-undang No. 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":392,"width":445,"height":25,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Piagam Penyerahan Wakaf dan AD & ART Badan Wakaf Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":433,"width":445,"height":25,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Praja, Juhaya S. dan Muzarie, Mukhlisin. (2009). Pranata Ekonomi Islam: Wakaf, Cirebon: STAIC Press.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":475,"width":445,"height":52,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Rahman, Inayah dan Widiastuti, Tika. (2019). Model Pengelolaan Wakaf Produktif Sektor Pertanian untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Petani: Studi Kasus Pimpinan Ranting Muhammadiyah Penatarsewu Sidoarjo, Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan, 7 (1).","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":544,"width":445,"height":25,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"______. Sejarah Tanah dalam Pemeliharaan dan Perluasan Wakaf PM. Darussalam Gontor. (2004). Ponorogo: Darussalam Computer Center.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":585,"width":445,"height":25,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Staf Sekretariat Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. (1997), Serba-Serbi Serba Singkat tentang Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. Ponorogo: Percetakan Darussalam.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":627,"width":445,"height":52,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Sudirman dan Arofah, Nanda Lailatul. (2016). Manajemen Wakaf Uang di Masjid at- Taqwa Kota Batu dan Masjid Sabilillah Kota Malang dalam Perspektif Undang- Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf, De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari’ah, 8 (1).","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":696,"width":355,"height":11,"page_number":17,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Sugiyono. (2014). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Alfabeta.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":38,"width":264,"height":9,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)","type":"Page header"},{"left":409,"top":38,"width":116,"height":9,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"e-ISSN: 2621-606X","type":"Page header"},{"left":445,"top":50,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Page: 201-218","type":"Page header"},{"left":351,"top":728,"width":163,"height":11,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 218","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":75,"width":448,"height":52,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Ulinnuha, Imada. (2019). Strategi Manajemen Dana pada Pengembangan Wakaf Produktif: Studi pada Yayasan UNISMA Malang, Tesis yang diajukan untuk mendapat gelar master di Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel, Surabaya.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":144,"width":272,"height":11,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":171,"width":445,"height":25,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Utsman, Sabian. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Progresif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":213,"width":445,"height":24,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Warta Dunia Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. (2017). Vol. 70, Ponorogo: Darussalam Press.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":254,"width":444,"height":25,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Zarkasyi, Abdullah Syukri. (2005). Manajemen Pesantren: Pengalaman Pondok Modern Gontor. Ponorogo: Trimurti Press.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":295,"width":445,"height":25,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"___________. (2005). Manajemen Pesantren: Pengalaman Pondok Modern, Cet. 2 . Ponorogo: Trimurti Press.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":337,"width":376,"height":11,"page_number":18,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Zarqa, Musthafa Ahmad. (1997). Ahkam al-Awqaf, cet. 1. Oman: Daar U’mar.","type":"Text"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 343,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 171,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Muhammad Ulul Azmi et al. 201\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 159,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 353,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"PRODUCTIVE WAQF FUND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 297,\n \"top\": 98,\n \"width\": 123,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Muhammad Ulul Azmi 1\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 221,\n \"top\": 115,\n \"width\": 277,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia muhammadululazmi@unida.gontor.ac.id\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 153,\n \"width\": 111,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Setiawan bin Lahuri 2\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 220,\n \"top\": 170,\n \"width\": 280,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia binlahuri@unida.gontor.ac.id\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 287,\n \"top\": 208,\n \"width\": 139,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Fazari Zulhasmi Kanggas 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 223,\n \"top\": 225,\n \"width\": 277,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia fazarizulhasmikanggas@unida.gontor.ac.id\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 304,\n \"top\": 264,\n \"width\": 105,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Imam Kamaluddin 4\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 222,\n \"top\": 280,\n \"width\": 277,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia abu.hananhaikal@gmail.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 261,\n \"top\": 319,\n \"width\": 184,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Soritua Ahmad Ramdani Harahap 5\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 222,\n \"top\": 336,\n \"width\": 277,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia ramdaniharahap688@gmail.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 284,\n \"top\": 391,\n \"width\": 48,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Abstract\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 418,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 191,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"This article aims to provide an example for waqf management institutions in developing the benefits of productive waqf by implementing a good waqf management strategy and following the concept and purpose of waqf. With the increasing public interest in waqf and the increasing number of waqf management institutions throughout the world and especially in Indonesia. Along with that, there has not been a desire that can be emulated by waqf management institutions in determining the management strategy of productive waqf funds to develop the benefits of productive waqf itself. This type of research is qualitative research with data collection techniques conducted by conducting interviews with nadzir waqf in PM. Darussalam Gontor. This research shows that PM. Darussalam Gontor has a unique strategy in managing productive waqf funds while still looking at the purpose of the existing waqf, more than that, many communities around the boarding school can also benefit from productive waqf in PM. Darussalam Gontor. This research is expected to be a guide in developing the benefits of productive waqf in waqf management institutions in Indonesia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 625,\n \"width\": 432,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Keywords : Waqf fund Management Strategy, Productive Waqf, PM. Darussalam Gontor\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 202\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 99,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"INTRODUCTION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 177,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Waqf is one form of al-'ibadah al-maliyah which is closely related to the development of the welfare of the people (Mukhlisin 2004). Throughout Islamic history, waqf has developed and played an important role in developing the social, economic, and cultural activities of the community. In addition, the existence of waqf has also facilitated scholars and students with various adequate facilities and infrastructure to conduct research and education, to reduce dependence on operational funds on the government. The prominent role of waqf can be seen in various Islamic educational facilities found in Egypt, Mecca, and Medina which have been long-lived and are financed by waqf funds (Najib&Al-Makassary).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 282,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 114,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"There are some differences between zakat, infaq, and alms, the existence of waqf as al-'ibadah al-maliyah is not explicitly mentioned in the Qur'an . Excavation of waqf law is carried out by scholars by elaborating the messages implicit in the Qur'an and the existing texts of the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad. Hadith texts related to waqf law are ijmali and general laws. The details of waqf law as contained in the study of fiqh are all the results of ijtihad from the scholars (Zarqa 1997).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 406,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 114,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"In Indonesia, there are still many waqf assets that are only managed consumptively and very traditionally. So that its role as a catalyst for social and economic problems of the people is not optimal. Several problems make the potential of waqf in Indonesia not yet productive. In addition to its management which tends to be consumptive and traditional, another problem lies with nazhir as the holder of the mandate of the waqif (the person who makes waqf ) to manage and develop the waqf property.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 530,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Empowerment of waqf property with good and modern management is necessary to establish the economic strength of the people to improve the welfare of the community. This is also adopted by Law no. 41 of 2004 concerning waqf which regulates various things that allow waqf objects to be managed productively so that the development of productive waqf now has a strong legal basis and is no longer a problem. The emergence of this law is a bright spot and fresh air for waqf in Indonesia. In it, there is an explanation of movable waqf objects and immovable waqf objects (Law No. 41 2004).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 675,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Although the impact of productive waqf has not yet been felt by most of the community, the management of productive waqf has begun to be carried out by several\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 203\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"educational institutions or institutions. PM. Darussalam Gontor is one of the educational institutions that is considered successful in efforts to manage productive waqf, as stated in the results Research Center for Study of Religion and Culture (CSRC) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Since the early period of PM. Darussalam Gontor development, this boarding school has referred to itself as a “Waqf Islamic Boarding School”, which was officially donated by the three founders of PM. Darussalam Gontor (Trimurti) on October 12, 1958, by handing it over to the community (Muslims) who were entrusted to the PM. Darussalam Gontor waqf itself as a waqf agency representing Muslims (Zarkasyi 2005).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 240,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 198,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"The effectiveness of waqf property management in PM. Darussalam Gontor has developed very satisfactorily since the waqf. The development of the existing waqf started from waqf land covering an area of 18.59 ha, and currently, the number of lands managed by PM. Darussalam Gontor reaches 1,564.0612 ha. Meanwhile, the annual cash waqf assets from student alms and contributions from the guardians of students in 2007 reached Rp. 21,890,992,034 and increasing every year until in 2017 it reached 37,485,000,000. And also productive waqf assets derived from the results of the management of business units increased from 2007 which obtained 11,503,496,840 to 19,294,847,446 in 2009 (Wardun, 2017). This proves that PM. Darussalam Gontor has good waqf asset management effectiveness.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 447,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Based on the data and explanation above, the researcher is interested in further exploring the fund management implemented by PM. Darussalam Gontor is an educational institution that has been established for 95 years since its establishment in 1926. Along with increasing public trust in PM. Darussalam Gontor, so currently this boarding school has more than 24 branches and houses more than 25 thousand students and female students from all over the country.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 572,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 114,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Through this research, it is hoped that researchers will be able to get an explanation of how productive waqf fund management is carried out in PM. Darussalam Gontor in developing waqf assets, so that the results of this research can be utilized by other waqf management institutions. And more than that, this research is expected to be able to become an input in the literacy development of productive waqf and its implementation in other educational institutions or related.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 204\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 155,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"REVIEW OF LITERATURE\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 103,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Many kinds of research on productive waqf have been carried out, here are some studies that can assist researchers in understanding productive waqf management and its development in Indonesia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 174,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 259,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"According to Abdul Haris Naim regarding the development of waqf objects including the ijtihad area, so that there will be many ways to be able to add other types of waqf objects (Naim 2017). Then An'im Fattach stated that this research was made using a qualitative method with a library approach. As a result, it is known that productive waqf is a means for social reconstruction and development, in which the majority of the population can participate (Fattach 2015). To realize this participation, various efforts have been made to introduce the importance of cash waqf as a means of transferring the savings of the rich to entrepreneurs and intensively. In this form, the capital (waqf property) is invested, then the results of the investment are distributed to those who are entitled. Riris Fatmawati also conducted research using descriptive qualitative methods, the results showed that the existing waqf land has the potential to be developed into a productive, proposed model of waqf management based on mudharabah sukuk there are two models, namely asset-based mudharabah sukuk and capital-based mudharabah sukuk (Fatmawati 2017).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 457,\n \"width\": 127,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"RESEARCH METHOD\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 477,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 197,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"The research was conducted in PM. Darussalam Gontor is located in the village. District Gontor. Mlarak, District. Ponorogo, East Java. This type of research uses qualitative research methods, with descriptive analysis. Bogdan and Taylor define qualitative methods as research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observed behavior. According to them, this approach is directed at the background and the individual holistically (Utsman 2014). Qualitative research methods are also often called naturalistic research methods because the research is carried out in natural conditions (natural settings). This method is used to obtain in-depth data, data that contains meaning. Meaning is actual data, definite data which is a value behind visible data (Sugiyono 2014).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 205\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 114,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"The data sources used in this study are divided into two, namely, primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data taken from primary sources or the first source in the field (Ibrahim 2015). In this case, interviews were conducted with the people who were the management in PM. Darussalam Gontor and important documents in the field. Secondary data is data that supports or provides useful information related to this research, both internal and external data (Indrintoro 2002).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 199,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"In collecting the required data and information, the researcher uses three main data collection techniques commonly used in qualitative field studies such as observation, interviews, and documents. These three techniques, according to Merriam, are generally referred to as triangulation (Merriam 1990).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 282,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"The data analysis used is qualitative data analysis, which is carried out in a non-statistical way, namely the process for arranging the order of the data, organizing it into patterns, categories, and basic descriptions, until reaching the interpretation process (Kaelan 2012). Miles and Huberman (1994) in Ibrahim's writings suggest that activities in qualitative data analysis are carried out interactively and take place continuously and thoroughly so that the data is saturated. This activity consists of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and testing (Ibrahim 2015).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 441,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"RESULTS AND DISCUSSION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 461,\n \"width\": 101,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Fund Management\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 482,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Management in Islam is called idarah which is taken from the words adartasy-syai'i or adarta bihi which can also be based on the word ad-dauran . Therefore, in the Elias Modern Dictionary English Arabic the word management is matched with the words tadbir , idara , siyasah and qiyadah in the Arabic dictionary (Muhammad 2005). In the view of Islam, the most important thing in management is the nature of ri'ayah or the spirit of leadership. Leadership itself in Islam is a major factor in the concept of management. This basic nature is the most important part of humans as khalifah fil-ard (Aziz 2010) .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 627,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Management in business entities is generally driven by a profit motive, therefore management must be carried out in an efficient manner. Management in general means a special activity that includes leadership, direction, personal development, planning and\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 206\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"supervision of the work relating to the main elements in a project, so that the targeted results can be achieved in an effective and efficient manner (Muhammad, 2002).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 116,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"While fund management is a process of regulating financial activities or activities within an organization in which there are activities such as planning, analysis, and control of all financial activities. James C. Van Hornes defines fund management as all activities related to the acquisition, financing, and management of assets for several purposes (Mulyawan, 2015). The activity can be described as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 285,\n \"top\": 220,\n \"width\": 46,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Figure 1\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 229,\n \"top\": 234,\n \"width\": 152,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Fund Management Activities\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 129,\n \"top\": 434,\n \"width\": 282,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Fund management itself has several objectives as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 129,\n \"top\": 454,\n \"width\": 108,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"1. Get optimal profit\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 129,\n \"top\": 475,\n \"width\": 226,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"2. Provide adequate cash and liquid activities\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 129,\n \"top\": 496,\n \"width\": 82,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"3. Save backup\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 129,\n \"top\": 516,\n \"width\": 401,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"4. Managing the activities of economic institutions with appropriate policies for someone who acts as a custodian of other people’s funds.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 129,\n \"top\": 555,\n \"width\": 395,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"5. Meeting the community’s need for financing (Andrianto&Firmansyah, 2019).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 591,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf and its Management in Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 619,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"In-Law Number 41 of 2004, waqf is defined as \\\"the legal act of wakif to separate and/or surrender part of his property to be used forever or for a certain period following his interests for worship and/or public welfare according to sharia.\\\" With the development of the times, waqf is no longer associated with the object of waqf in the form of the land but\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 211,\n \"top\": 278,\n \"width\": 167,\n \"height\": 118,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Fundraising Use of Funds Asset Management\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 207\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"has penetrated other forms. In Indonesia, several new types of waqf have been accommodated legally with the existence of Law No. 41 of 2004 concerning waqf. This is a form of refinement of the waqf concept contained in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) (Sudirman&Arofah, 2004).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 166,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"The emergence of Law no. 41 of 2004 which was strengthened by PP No. 42 of 2006 concerning its implementation has provided a new paradigm of waqf, where apart from being a religious institution or worship, waqf is also a potential economic force if it is empowered productively for the welfare of the people. Productive waqf can also be interpreted as assets used for production activities such as agriculture, industry, and services, then profit from the development of waqf are distributed to groups who are entitled to receive according to the purpose of waqf (Rahman&Widiastuti, 2019).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 318,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"The definition of productive waqf according to the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia is defined as a transformation from natural waqf management to professional waqf to increase or increase the benefits of waqf. So, it can develop and produce, whose process is managed in a managerial and professional manner (Depag, 2015). In the management of waqf and its development, the law explains the following provisions (Law No. 41 2004): a) Waqf management must comply with sharia principles; b) Waqf management methods must be carried out productively; c) If management requires a guarantor, it must use a sharia guarantor.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 492,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Then in the explanation of Law Number 41 of 2004, it is explained about ways to produce waqf, the methods referred to include collecting, investing, producing, partnering, trading, agribusiness, mining, industry, technology development, building construction, apartments, flats, markets, supermarkets, shops, offices, educational facilities and health facilities, and businesses that do not conflict with sharia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 208\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 334,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund Management in PM. Darussalam Gontor\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 96,\n \"width\": 184,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"History of PM. Darussalam Gontor\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 116,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 177,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"PM. Darussalam Gontor could not find the history of the existence of Tegalsari boarding school which is located in Ponorogo, East Java. This boarding school then lives and develops from generation to generation. However, when it began to enter the 19th century or precisely when it was led by the fourth generation of Kyai Ageng Muhammad Besari family, the Tegalsari boarding school began to decline (Zarkasyi 2005). Since then the old Gontor Islamic Boarding School began, and by bringing 40 students from Tegalsari boarding school, the old Gontor grew and developed under the leadership of Kyai Arkham Anom Besari who was the son of Kyai Sulaiman Jamaluddin. At that time, Gontor students came from various regions to the West Java Pasundan (Muslim, 2017).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 302,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 177,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"After Kyai Santoso, Gontor boarding school did not see any educational activities, this was due to the lack of attention to regeneration. This situation did not make Kyai Santoso's wife resigned to seeing Pondok Gontor Boarding School lost to history, Nyai Santoso then sent his three sons to several boarding school and educational institutions to be able to deepen their religious knowledge and continue his father's struggle to develop Gontor Boarding School. The three sons were Kyai Ahmad Sahal (1901-1967), Kyai Zainuddin Fanani (1908-1967) and Kyai Imam Zarkasyi (1910-1985), these three brothers who later became known as \\\"Trimurti\\\" the founder of PM Darussalam Gontor (Zarkasyi, 2005).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 486,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 179,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"On 28 Rabi'ul Awwal 1378 which coincided with October 12 th , 1958, at 10:30 at the hall PM. Darussalam Gontor, the Trimurti consisting of K.R.H. Ahmad Sahal, K.R.H. Zainuddin Fananie, and K.R.H. Imam Zarkasyi has officially pledged to endow his wealth and boarding school to Muslims. And the second party who is considered to represent Muslims when this important event is 15 IKPM members from various regions in Indonesia (Piagam). After PM. Darussalam Gontor was pledged as waqf for Muslims, all property and all forms of rights attached to PM. Darussalam Gontor have turned into waqf. This transfer also marks the shift of ownership of the boarding school from private ownership to agency property (Praja, 2009).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 209\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 176,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund Collection\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive waqf is defined as a transformation from natural waqf management to professional waqf to increase or increase the benefits of waqf. So that it can develop and produce, whose process is managed in a managerial and professional manner (Depag, 2005). Meanwhile, according to Syafi'i Antonio explained that productive waqf is the empowerment of waqf which is characterized by three main characteristics, namely the pattern of waqf management must be integrated, the principle of nazhir welfare, and the principle of transparency and responsibility (Mubarok, 2008).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 240,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Until now PM. Darussalam Gontor has a lot of waqf assets which are the result of continuous management and development that has been carried out continuously. When reviewing the existing history, these assets have been collected since the establishment of PM. Darussalam Gontor. This effort is carried out through several stages, such as collecting it from benefactors, then buying livestock. The livestock are kept until they grow and breed. Then the cattle are sold and the money from the sale is used to finance the boarding school.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 385,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Then, regarding the acceptance of the surrender of waqf objects such as building materials, livestock, books, religious books, some of the produce of one's land, etc. Then raise capital for trading and transport businesses which, according to the plan, the results were to develop Pondok Modern waqf, but these businesses failed.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 468,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Learn from it PM. Darussalam Gontor started again to collect money from benefactors and was accompanied by a waqf mandate, which collected a lot of agricultural lands. It is at this stage that PM. Darussalam Gontor received considerable attention from the public. So at that time, people began to hand over their farms to the boarding school to be waqf and managed. Furthermore, part of the agricultural land that is already owned is collected to buy more agricultural land, and besides that, it continues to receive infaq money from the Muslims to buy agricultural land and is also used to expand the college complex in the boarding school (DCC, 2004).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 634,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"At this time, every year many people intend to make waqf to PM. Darussalam Gontor, but not all of them are accepted outright without consideration of the willingness and readiness of the boarding school to manage it, so usually this will be submitted to the headmaster of the boarding school and then wait for a decision from the headmaster of the\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 210\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"boarding school (Yasin, 2020). Usually PM. Darussalam Gontor is more passive and waiting in collecting productive waqf assets.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 116,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive waqf assets that are usually collected by PM. Darussalam Gontor can be classified as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 158,\n \"width\": 380,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Waqf of immovable property (property) and movable object (commodity)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 178,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"One example as recorded in the history of PM. Darussalam Gontor, there are several waqifs inspired by the event of the PM. Darussalam Gontor waqf handover. Darussalam Gontor in 1958. One of them is H. Moh. Anwar Shodiq, who later donated his land area of 24,926 ha and 163,376 ha, respectively, to the Foundation for the Maintenance and Expansion of Waqf of Pondok Modern Gontor. For signing of the deed of surrender was then carried out in the presence of the village head of Gontor on December 9, 1960 (DCC, 2004). These waqf assets continue to develop, until now PM is recorded. Darussalam Gontor manages a land area of 15,774,799 m 2 .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 344,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 218,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"In addition to waqf of immovable objects (property) in the form of land and buildings as described above, PM. Darussalam Gontor also obtained several waqfs of movable objects in the form of industrial commodities, transportation, and several other supporting equipment. One example is what was given through an entrepreneur named Pak Shodiq, the chairman of YPPWPM said that he was the one who donated the equipment and supplies needed for the creation of a new business unit that operated in 2019, namely the Latansa Gas Center. Everything was prepared by Mr. Shodiq and the lodge just had to manage it (Shobari 2020). Waqf of movable objects which can be considered routinely obtained by PM. Darussalam Gontor is a waqf from final students whose nominal value can reach 2-3 billion, the forms are transportation, industrial machines, complementary facilities and infrastructure, as well as various other forms..\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 572,\n \"width\": 61,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Cash Waqf\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 592,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"According to the Chairman of YPPWPM, this waqf is also often obtained by PM. Darussalam Gontor, usually the wakif who are interested in cash waqf or the form of money will come to YPPWPM and then will be directed to the Administration boarding school to hand over the waqf. The management of this waqf is then under the authority of the headmaster of the boarding school directly, following the existing waqf designation (Shobari, 2020).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 211\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 433,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Management & Distribution of Productive Waqf Funds in PM. Darussalam Gontor.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"In the organizational structure of traditional Islamic boarding schools, in general, the highest power will be in the hands of the Kyai as the founder and owner of the boarding school, while the existence of the heads of institutions and sections under the Kyai are only as assistants to the Kyai in carrying out the boarding school program. Because boarding school ownership is individualistic and not communal, the Kyai authority is very dominant in determining boarding school policy (Praja, 2009).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 220,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 238,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"In PM. Darussalan Gontor, the management of waqf is always related to the management of the boarding school which is generally centered on the headmaster. Therefore, Trimurti, the founder of PM. Darussalam Gontor is considered to have initiated the reform of the management of his boarding school by giving this mandate to the Waqf Board which is processed through the waqf pledge. Judging from the legal aspect, this incident resulted in the transfer of rights from the founder and his family to the PM. Darussalan Gontor Waqf Board which represented Muslims. And from the management aspect it is interpreted that there is a delegation of authority from the Kyai to the Waqf Board to maintain and manage the boarding school and its waqf in full. This is what distinguishes Gontor boarding school from traditional boarding school, which are in the management of the waqf mandate in PM. Darussalam Gontor involves various institutions that are formed according to the needs of the boarding school management (Iman, 2019).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 468,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Regarding fund management in all of PM. Darussalam Gontor was delegated directly to the administration of the boarding school as the direct right hand of the headmaster of the boarding school, as well as in terms of the management of productive waqf funds. So, overall it is the administration of the boarding school that manages the entire circulation of productive waqf funds contained in PM. Darussalam Gontor and its use will also be adjusted to the needs of the boarding school because the boarding school itself is a waqf asset.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 613,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"According to an explanation from one of the administrators at PM. Darussalam Gontor, the distribution of productive waqf funds in the future will be adjusted to the source of the funds obtained, if obtained in the form of cash waqf and accompanied by conditions from the wakif such as its designation to build a “place ( tandon ) for drinking water for students or a certain building” then the administration section will follow up by\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 212\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"considering it together with the development department whether the land is available or not. When there is none and it is not too urgent for the boarding school, the administrator will contact the wakif again to explain the situation and ask for the continuation of the wakif's intention to make waqf (Umam, 2020).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 158,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 155,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Meanwhile, the distribution of productive waqf funds sourced from other forms will be distributed for the development of existing waqf assets and also the progress of the boarding school which is also part of the waqf asset itself. For its own purpose, as explained by the headmaster of the boarding school in the interview, the existing funds will definitely be allocated for the “Panca-Term” PM. Darussalam Gontor (Mariyat, 2020). “Panca-Term” is a boarding school work program whose function is as a guide in developing PM. Darussalam Gontor. The points in the “Panca-Term” can be explained as follows (Staf SEKPIM, 1997):\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 323,\n \"width\": 175,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Education and teaching (Student)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 344,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"What is meant here is trying with all my heart and energy and maximizing all efforts to perfect education, teaching, guidance and care for the younger generation. The level of education and teaching in PM. Darussalam Gontor starts from junior high school, continues with high school (called the KMI program), and continues with the Strata 1 (S1) program to Strata 3 (S3) at University of Darussalam.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 448,\n \"width\": 72,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Regeneration\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 468,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"The history of the rise and fall of a business, especially the history of the life and death of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, provides lessons on the importance of regeneration. Even a well-known hut one day will become backward from day to day and even disappear by leaving only its history when the Kyai dies. Reflecting on this and also learning from the history of the old Gontor, the effort to prepare regeneration is an obligation to be able to realize PM. Darussalam Gontor ideals.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 593,\n \"width\": 147,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Infrastructure Development\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 613,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"This term is an attempt by PM. Darussalam Gontor in providing proper facilities and infrastructure for students so that education and teaching can run optimally. Buildings are not just a matter of classrooms and dormitories, but more than that, including the construction of facilities that support the creation of a full and dynamic Islamic boarding school and environment such as health facilities, sports and canteens.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 213\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 211,\n \"top\": 420,\n \"width\": 245,\n \"height\": 167,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"70% 20% 10% Productive Waqf Fund Management Pengembangan Wakaf Mauquf Alaih Nazhir Waqf Development\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 378,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Khizanatullah (Development of Waqf Asset (Value, System and Property)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"One of the most important and absolute requirements for an institution to survive and develop is to have its own source of income. Institutions that only expect or rely on assistance whose future is uncertain will be less secure. That's what PM.Darussalam Gontor is formed a Waqf Board whose implementation was then mandated to the Pondok Modern Waqf Maintenance and Expansion Foundation (YPPWPM) which was in charge of rice fields, farm and others as well as expanding existing assets.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 220,\n \"width\": 138,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Family welfare (Teachers)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 240,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"This step is a family matter or known as “family welfare” that must be fully considered. It is intended that the supporters, defenders and those who fight for the life and death of the boarding school do not depend on the boarding school for their life (economics). Even should be able to give life to the boarding school (Staf SEKPIM, 1997).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 323,\n \"width\": 238,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund Management Strategy\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 344,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Implementation of productive waqf fund management strategies as research conducted by Imada Ulinnuha, UNISMA Foundation implements fund management strategies for productive waqf as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 161,\n \"top\": 655,\n \"width\": 337,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund Management at the UNISMA Foundation\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 214\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 218,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"This formulation is in accordance with Law no. 41 of 2004, which is regulated in article 12 that Nadzir in accordance with the duties and mandates carried out gets a share of the results of waqf management of a maximum of 10%. Mauquf Alaih himself received a waqf benefit of 20% of the net profit of waqf management. These funds are usually distributed to madrasa teachers, mosque imams, cleaning staff, etc. Which states \\\"in achieving the purpose of waqf, waqf property is intended for facilities and activities of worship, facilities and activities of education and health. Then assistance to the poor, abandoned children, orphans, scholarships and the advancement of general welfare which is not against sharia and laws and regulations. And 70% of the waqf proceeds are allocated for waqf development with the aim that waqf development can develop rapidly and quickly (Ulinnuha, 2019).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 302,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"In general, this percentage has become a reference for productive waqf management institutions, but it is not applied in PM. Darussalam Gontor. In interviews conducted by researchers with al-Ustadz Imam Mukhtar and al-Ustadz Akrim Mariyat, both of them explained in terms of fund management in PM. Darussalam Gontor has implemented financial centralization including the results of productive waqf management. The management of waqf is managed by the administration of the boarding school and subsequently becomes the prerogative of the headmaster of the boarding school.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 447,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"He explained that this cannot be separated from the waqf pledge event that occurred in PM. Darussalam Gontor in 1958, at which time “Trimurti”, the founder of the PM. Darussalam Gontor, donated the boarding school and its assets to Muslims, which means everything owned and produced by PM. Darussalam is a waqf asset (Mariyat, 2020). The allocation is the prerogative of the headmaster, but it is important to note that the allocation of the existing funds will definitely be channeled to the “Panca-Term” that has been described previously. The portion will be discussed by the headmaster with the Waqf Board , depending on which term development you want to prioritize.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 613,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Al-Ustadz Imam Mukhtar added: \\\"Indeed there are those who we give 10% of the results of the waqf management that he does, such as waqf land in Nganjuk which is managed by non-alumni Gontor, there are also those who get 5% such as land managers in Jetis, which is a the family of one of the teachers in Gontor”. But other than that the waqf managers in PM. Darussalam Gontor does not expect a single cent of the results of the\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 215\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"productive waqf management that he strives. Even researchers can mention that many of them actually expend all their energy, thoughts, and even wealth for the development of waqf management in PM. Darussalam Gontor. And if it is a percentage, the management of waqf funds is in PM. Darussalam Gontor is 100% for mauquf alaih and development or even 150%.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 382,\n \"width\": 334,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund Management in PM. Darussalam Gontor\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 424,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 93,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"This is because the part of Nazhir which is his right is not taken and instead takes out what Nazhir has for the development of PM. Darussalam Gontor. While the mauquf alaih, PM. Darussalam Gontor himself is a mauquf alaih which is a pesantren-based educational institution, so it is very appropriate if the allocation of the mauquf alaih part is returned to the boarding school.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 541,\n \"width\": 84,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"CONCLUSION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 562,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Management of productive waqf funds in PM. Darussalam Gontor is very good and tidy. The management is not directly carried out by the Waqf Board as a nazhir who directly receives the waqf mandate, or the headmaster of the boarding school as a mandate of the Waqf Board , but also entrusted to an institution that also has a legal entity, namely Pondok Modern Waqf Maintenance and Expansion Foundation (YPPWPM), which then form parts to maximize the management of existing waqf assets. And specifically for fund management, PM. Darussalam Gontor implements a centralized financial system, where the\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 204,\n \"top\": 300,\n \"width\": 52,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"100%\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 198,\n \"top\": 188,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 207,\n \"top\": 208,\n \"width\": 162,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Management in PM.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 210,\n \"top\": 229,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Darussalam Gontor\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 282,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Mauquf Alaih dan\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 296,\n \"width\": 73,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Pengembangan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 344,\n \"top\": 277,\n \"width\": 84,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Mauquf Alaihi And Its Development\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 216\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"management of all finances is in PM. Darussalam Gontor is centralized in the administration section and then becomes the prerogative of the headmaster in its allocation. However, the allocation of waqf proceeds that are managed productively will certainly be channeled on target, namely for “Panca-Term” boarding school. And “Panca-Term” PM. Darussalam Gontor has long been formulated as the main foundation in developing and distributing existing waqf assets. The five points in it are: a) Education and teaching; b) Regeneration; c) Infrastructure development; d) Khizanatullah (Developing of waqf asset (value, system, & property); e) Family Welfare (Teachers).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 262,\n \"width\": 84,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"REFERENCES\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 289,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Andrianto dan Firmansyah, M. Anang. (2019). Manajemen Bank Syariah: Implementasi Teori dan Praktek, Pasuruan: CV. Penerbit Qiara Media.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 330,\n \"width\": 388,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Aziz, Abdul. (2010). Manajemen Investasi Syariah. Bandung: Pustaka Alfabeta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 358,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Departemen Agama RI. (2005). Wakaf Tunai dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam. Jakarta: Dirjen Bimas Islam dan Penyelenggaraan Haji, cet. 1.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 399,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Fatmawati, Riris. (2017). Potensi Penerapan Sukuk Mudharabah Dalam Pengelolaan Wakaf Produktif. Tesis, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 452,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 41,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Fattach, An’im. (2015). Wakaf Dalam Hukum Islam: Studi Naratif Wakaf Produktif dan Pengembangannya Melalui Investasi. Tesis, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel, Surabaya.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 510,\n \"width\": 342,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Ibrahim, (2015). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 538,\n \"width\": 423,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Iman, Nurul. (2019). Wakaf Untuk Kemandirian Pendidikan, Cet. II. Ponorogo: Wade.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 565,\n \"width\": 442,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indrintoro, Nur. (2002). Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis: untuk Akuntansi dan Manajemen.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 579,\n \"width\": 97,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Yogyakarta: BPFE.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 607,\n \"width\": 433,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Kaelan. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Interdisipliner. Yogyakarta: Paradigma.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 634,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Merriam, S.B. (1990). Case study research in education: A qualitative approach, 3 rd Ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 675,\n \"width\": 386,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Mubarok, Jaih. (2008). Wakaf Produktif. Bandung: Simbiosa Rekatama Media.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 217\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 388,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Muhammad. (2002). Manajemen Bank Syariah, Yogyakarta: UPP AMP YKPN.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 102,\n \"width\": 375,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Muhammad. (2005). Manajemen Dana Bank Syariah, Yogyakarta: Ekonisia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 130,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Mukhlisin Akhmad, Teguh Arifin, M. Dimyati. 2018. Pengambilan Harta Wakaf Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang No 41 Tahun 2004 (Studi Kasus di Desa Karang Anyar Kec. Jati Agung Kab. Lam-Sel Tahun 2016). Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum , 2 (1) Juni.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 199,\n \"width\": 365,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Mulyawan, Setia. (2015). Manajemen Keuangan, Bandung: Pustaka Mulia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 226,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Muslim, (2017), Eksistensi Gontor di Tengah Arus Modernisasi Pendidikan Sebuah Model Inovasi Kurikulum, Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan,17 (2).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 268,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Naim, Abdul Haris. (2017). Pengembangan Objek Wakaf dalam Fiqih Islam dan Hukum Positif di Indonesia, Jurnal Zakat dan Wakaf (ZISWAF), 4 (2).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 309,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Najib, Tuti A dan al-Makassary, Ridwan. (2006). Wakaf, Tuhan dan Agenda Kemanusiaan: Studi tentang wakaf dalam perspektif keadilan sosial di Indonesia , Jakarta: CRSC Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 364,\n \"width\": 296,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Pasal 43 Undang-undang No. 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 392,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Piagam Penyerahan Wakaf dan AD & ART Badan Wakaf Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 433,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Praja, Juhaya S. dan Muzarie, Mukhlisin. (2009). Pranata Ekonomi Islam: Wakaf, Cirebon: STAIC Press.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 475,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Rahman, Inayah dan Widiastuti, Tika. (2019). Model Pengelolaan Wakaf Produktif Sektor Pertanian untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Petani: Studi Kasus Pimpinan Ranting Muhammadiyah Penatarsewu Sidoarjo, Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan, 7 (1).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 544,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"______. Sejarah Tanah dalam Pemeliharaan dan Perluasan Wakaf PM. Darussalam Gontor. (2004). Ponorogo: Darussalam Computer Center.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 585,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Staf Sekretariat Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. (1997), Serba-Serbi Serba Singkat tentang Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. Ponorogo: Percetakan Darussalam.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 627,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Sudirman dan Arofah, Nanda Lailatul. (2016). Manajemen Wakaf Uang di Masjid at- Taqwa Kota Batu dan Masjid Sabilillah Kota Malang dalam Perspektif Undang- Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf, De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari’ah, 8 (1).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 696,\n \"width\": 355,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 17,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Sugiyono. (2014). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Alfabeta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 264,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 409,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2621-606X\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 445,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Page: 201-218\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Productive Waqf Fund ….. 218\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 75,\n \"width\": 448,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Ulinnuha, Imada. (2019). Strategi Manajemen Dana pada Pengembangan Wakaf Produktif: Studi pada Yayasan UNISMA Malang, Tesis yang diajukan untuk mendapat gelar master di Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel, Surabaya.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 144,\n \"width\": 272,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 171,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Utsman, Sabian. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Progresif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 213,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Warta Dunia Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. (2017). Vol. 70, Ponorogo: Darussalam Press.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 254,\n \"width\": 444,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Zarkasyi, Abdullah Syukri. (2005). Manajemen Pesantren: Pengalaman Pondok Modern Gontor. Ponorogo: Trimurti Press.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 295,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"___________. (2005). Manajemen Pesantren: Pengalaman Pondok Modern, Cet. 2 . Ponorogo: Trimurti Press.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 337,\n \"width\": 376,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 18,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Zarqa, Musthafa Ahmad. (1997). Ahkam al-Awqaf, cet. 1. Oman: Daar U’mar.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1896,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"fc86de80-97bc-f679-2c58-2039882d7951"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://jurnal.unismuhpalu.ac.id/index.php/MPPKI/article/download/568/462"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":37,"top":808,"width":289,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":22,"width":157,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2","type":"Page header"},{"left":407,"top":810,"width":150,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved","type":"Page footer"},{"left":259,"top":105,"width":303,"height":18,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion","type":"Text"},{"left":434,"top":39,"width":140,"height":43,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MPPKI","type":"Page header"},{"left":233,"top":84,"width":329,"height":18,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia","type":"Section header"},{"left":456,"top":131,"width":95,"height":19,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Open Access","type":"Section header"},{"left":50,"top":131,"width":117,"height":18,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Artikel Penelitian","type":"Section header"},{"left":54,"top":173,"width":487,"height":48,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hubungan Usia Nikah Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal Dan Personal Hygiene Dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) Di Puskesmas Bara-Baraya Makassar","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":239,"width":518,"height":32,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The Correlation Of The Marriage Age Hormonal Contraception Use And Personal Hygiene With The Cervikal Dysplasia Incidence Through The Inspection Of Visual Asetat Acid","type":"Text"},{"left":161,"top":273,"width":276,"height":15,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"( VAA) In Bara-Baraya Health Center Makassar","type":"Text"},{"left":152,"top":307,"width":291,"height":37,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Nurhaeda* 1 , Resky Wahyuni 2 ,A Wardihan Sinrang 3 , Wema Nontji 4 * 1,2 Akademi Kebidanan Graha Ananda Palu 3 Bagian Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Hasanuddin","type":"Text"},{"left":166,"top":342,"width":267,"height":25,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4 Bagian Kebidanan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin *Email : edha_yusuf@yahoo.com","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":390,"width":38,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Abstrak","type":"Section header"},{"left":39,"top":401,"width":520,"height":127,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Di Negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia kanker serviks merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak dan diperkirakan setiap tahun dijumpai 500.000 penderita baru di seluruh dunia khususnya dinegara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menge- tahui hubungan usia nikah, penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks melalui pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar. Desain penelitian ini berupa cross sectional. Sampel adalah Ibu yang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal sebanyak 62 orang yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa responden yang usia nikah dini 53 orang (85,5%), pengunaan kontrasepsi hormonal yang berisiko 46 orang (74,2) dan personal hygiene kurang 59 orang (95,2%) sementara usia nikah yang ideal 9 orang (14,5%), pengguna kontrasepsi yang tidak berisiko 16 orang (25,8%), dan personal Hygiene baik hanya 3 orang (4,8%). Berdasarkan hasil uji Chi-Square ada hubungan usia nikah dengan kejadian displasia serviks (p=0,002). Namun didapatkan tidak ada hubungan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kejadian displasia serviks (p=0,1000). juga tidak ada hubungan antara personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks (p=0,1000). Pernikahan pada usia dini < 20 tahun dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal > 4 tahun dan personal hygiene yang kurang dapat memicu terjadianya displasia serviks.","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":538,"width":520,"height":22,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kata Kunci : Usia Nikah, Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal, Personal Hygiene, Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA)","type":"Text"},{"left":41,"top":592,"width":34,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Abstract","type":"Section header"},{"left":41,"top":602,"width":518,"height":149,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"In developing countries, including Indonesia, cervical center is the leading cause of death and estimated that each year 500,000 new cases found throunghount the world, especially in developing countries. This research aimed to investigate the correlation of the marriage age, the hormonal contraception use, and the personal hygiene with the cervical dysplasia incidence through the inspection of the visual acetate acid (VVA) in Barbarayya Health Center, Makassar. The research design was cross- sectional, and the sampel were the mothers who used hormonal contraception and included 62 mothers chosen using the pur- posive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The research results indicated that 53 respond- ents (85,5%) were married at the early ages, 46 respondents (74,2%) used risking hormonal contraception, and 59 respondents (95,2%) had less personal hygiene, while only 9 respondents (14,5%) were married at the ideal ages, 16 respondents (25,8%) used risking hormonal contraception, and only 3 respondents (4,8%) had good personal hygiene. Based on the result of the Chi -square test, there was a correlation between the marriage age and the cervical dysplasia incidence (p=0,002). However, the use of the hormonal contraception had no correlation with the cervical dysplasia (p=0,1000); also the personal hygiene an the servical dysplasia had no correlation with the cervical dysplasia (p=0,1000). The marriage at the early age of < 20 years and the use of the hormonal contraception were < 4 years and the inadequate personal hygiene could tigger the incidence of cervi- cal dysplasia.","type":"Text"},{"left":41,"top":761,"width":483,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keywords: Marriage age, use of Hormonal Contraception, personal hygiene, inspection of visual Acetate Acid (VAA)","type":"Text"},{"left":41,"top":39,"width":119,"height":19,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2597 – 6052","type":"Section header"},{"left":537,"top":17,"width":22,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"123","type":"Page header"},{"left":37,"top":808,"width":289,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":22,"width":157,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2","type":"Page header"},{"left":407,"top":810,"width":150,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":56,"width":86,"height":12,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PENDAHULUAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":39,"top":74,"width":519,"height":110,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Di Negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia kanker serviks merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak dan diperkirakan setiap tahun dijumpai 500.000 [1]. World Health Organization (2013) menemukan 528.000 kasus baru kanker serviks dan 85% terjadi di daerah yang kurang berkembang [2]. Dan 231.000 jumlah wanita yang meninggal berasal dari negara dengan pendapatan yang rendah, serta 35.000 atau 1 dari 10 wanita berasal dari negara dengan berpendapatan yang tinggi. Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2014 di- perkirakan terdapat 12.360 kasus baru kanker serviks dan terjadi 4.020 kematian akibat kanker serviks [3].","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":196,"width":520,"height":149,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan data riset kesehatan tahun 2013 jumlah penderita kanker serviks di Indonesia sebanyak 98.692 kasus [4]. Berdasarkan laporan tahunan dinas provinsi Sulawesi selatan bidan Pengendalian Penyakit Dan Penyehatan Lingkungan (P2PL), jumlah penderita kanker serviks dari tahun ketahun mengalami fluk- tuasi. Pada tahun 2009 tercatat 1.011 kasus, 1.141 kasus (2010), 210 kasus (2011), 2.066 kasus (2012), dan 536 kasus (2013) [5]. Berdasarkan survailans yang merupakan laporan tahunan penyakit menular untuk kanker serviks baik rawat jalan maupun rawat inap pada tahun 2010 dan 2011 tertinggi di kapupaten en- rekang sebanyak 127 kasus, dan Makassar menempati urutan ketiga sebanyak 60 kasus setelah kabupaten Bone sebanyak 25 kasus [6].","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":357,"width":519,"height":71,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Untuk pemecahan masalah tersebut diatas maka perlu dilakukan metode skrining alternative yang mampu mengenali lesi prakanker (displasia). Metode alternative tersebut skrining inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) dengan cara mengoleskan asam asetat (cuka) ke dalam leher rahim. Agar pengobatan kanker leher rahim dapat ditangani secara dini [7].","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":440,"width":520,"height":110,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kebanyakan panduan menganjurkan untuk melakukan skrining pertama dalam waktu 3 tahun per- tama setelah aktif secara seksual karena ada beberapa faktor yang menjadi risiko atau secara tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) sehingga terjadi lesi prakanker (displasia). Beberapa faktor tersebut adalah status ekonomi, faktor aktivitas seksual yang meliputi usia per- tama kali melakukan hubungan seksual, jumlah pasangan seks, multiparitas, kurang menjaga kebersihan genetalia, merokok, riyawat penyakit kelamin dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal jangka panjang [8].","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":562,"width":520,"height":168,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di Bali di Puskesmas Sukada II dengan jumlah sampel 163 pasangan usia subur (PUS) dengan perkawinan ≤ 20 tahun dengan IVA positif sebanyak 49 orang, sementara penelitian yang dilakukan di puskesmas jati Negara dari 33 responden dengan lesi pra kanker positif sebanyak 32 orang yang artinya kejadian lesi prakanker serviks usia perkawinan < 21 tahun memiliki risiko lebih besar dari pada usia Perkawinan > 20 tahun untuk mengalami lesi prakanker serviks karena Kanker serviks cenderung timbul bila saat mulai aktif berhubungn seksual pada saat usia kurang dari 17 tahun [9]. Lebih dijelaskan bahwa usia antara 15-20 tahun merupakan periode yang rentan, Epitel serviks pada wanita remaja sangat rentan terhadap bahan-bahan karsinogenikyang ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual dibandingkan dengan epitel serviks wanita dewasa [3] [10].","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":742,"width":519,"height":33,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hal ini juga sesuai dengan studi yang dilakukan Giambi, yang melakukan penelitian pada sampel dengan usia 18 sampai 26 tahun, ditemukan perbedaan statistik yang bermakna antara wanita yang menikah","type":"Text"},{"left":537,"top":17,"width":22,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"124","type":"Page header"},{"left":37,"top":808,"width":289,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":22,"width":157,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2","type":"Text"},{"left":407,"top":810,"width":150,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":57,"width":520,"height":129,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"dibawah 21 tahun cenderung untuk terkena kanker serviks di bandingkan wanita yang menikah usia diatas 20 tahun [9]. Khasbiyah dalam penelitiannya, menerangkan terdapat risiko 5,85 kali pada wanita yang melakukan hubungan seksualitas dengan kejadian kanker serviks [11]. Sogukpinar di Izmir, menerangkan hubungan seksual dibawah 20 tahun juga berperan dalam salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya kanker serviks dimana puncak usia pertama kali berhubungan seksualnya adalah 16 tahun [12]. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan usia nikah, penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks melalui pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar.","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":212,"width":45,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"METODE","type":"Section header"},{"left":39,"top":231,"width":516,"height":168,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar. Desain penelitian yang digunakan da- lam penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross sectional . Populasi adalah Popu- lasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasangan usia subur yang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal yang berada diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Bara-Baraya Makassar. Sampel sebanyak 70 orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling yang telah memenuhi criteria inklusi yaitu, Ibu yang berumur > 30 Tahun, Bersedia men- jadi responden, memiliki anak > 2, menjadi aseptor KB hormonal > 4, dalam keadaan Sehat, tidak haid, 24 jam sebelumnya tidak melakukan hubungan seksual. Analisis berupa analisis univariat dan bivariat merupakan analisa hasil dari variabel-variabel bebas yang diduga mempunyai hubungan dengan variabel terkait. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-Square .","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":424,"width":31,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"HASIL","type":"Section header"},{"left":39,"top":444,"width":520,"height":51,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Analisis bivariat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi square untuk Hubungan Usia Nikah dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016 dapat diketahui pada tabel di bawah ini:","type":"Text"},{"left":88,"top":508,"width":453,"height":28,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 1. Hubungan Usia Nikah dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan In- speksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":667,"width":519,"height":71,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pada tabel 1 responden yang usia pernikahan dini sebanyak 53 orang dengan hasil negatife sebanyak 24 orang (45,3%) dan positif sebanyak 29 orang (54,7%) sementara yang usia pernikahan ideal sebanyak 9 orang dengan hasil negatife seluruhnya sebanyak 9 orang (100%). Hasil analisi uji Chi-Square ( p =0,002) se- hingga didapatkan ( p<0,05) yang artinya ada pengaruh antara usia nikah dengan kejadian displasia serviks.","type":"Text"},{"left":81,"top":751,"width":477,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Analisis bivariat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi square untuk Penggunaan Kontrasepsi","type":"Text"},{"left":90,"top":545,"width":425,"height":100,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Variabel Displasia Serviks Positif Displasia Serviks Negatif Total P value n % n % n % Usia Nikah 0. 002 Dini 29 54,7 24 45,3 53 100 Ideal 0 0 9 100 9 100","type":"Table"},{"left":537,"top":17,"width":22,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"125","type":"Page header"},{"left":37,"top":808,"width":289,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":22,"width":157,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2","type":"Text"},{"left":407,"top":810,"width":150,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":57,"width":517,"height":32,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hormonal dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Pusk- esmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016 dapat diketahui pada tabel di bawah ini:","type":"Text"},{"left":91,"top":102,"width":418,"height":38,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 2. Hubungan Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016","type":"Section header"},{"left":39,"top":282,"width":519,"height":90,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pada tabel 2 responden yang beresiko sebanyak 46 orang dengan hasil displasia negatif sebanyak 24 orang (52,2%) dan positif sebanyak 22 orang (47,8%). Sementara yang tidak berisiko dengan hasil displasia negatife sebanyak 9 orang (56,3%) dan positif 7 orang (43,8%). Hasil analisis uji Chi-Square ( p =0,1000) se- hingga didapatkan bahwa p >0,05 yang artinya tidak ada pengaruh antara lama menggunakan kontrasepsi hor- monal dengan kejadian displasia serviks.","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":385,"width":520,"height":52,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Analisis bivariat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi square untuk Personal Hygiene dengan Ke- jadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016 dapat diketahui pada tabel di bawah ini:","type":"Text"},{"left":118,"top":449,"width":364,"height":39,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 3. Hubungan Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":615,"width":520,"height":90,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pada tabel 3 responden dengan personal hygiene yang baik sebanyak 33 orang dengan hasil displasia negatif sebanyak 2 orang (66,7%), dan positif sebanyak 1 orang (33,3%) sementara personal hygiene kurang sebanyak 59 dengan hasil negatif sebanyak 31 orang (52,5%) dan positif sebanyak 29 (46,8%). Hasil analisis statistic uji Chi-Square ( p =0,1000) sehingga didapatkan nilai ( p >0,05) yang artinya tidak ada hubungan antara personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks.","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":743,"width":74,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PEMBAHASAN","type":"Page footer"},{"left":75,"top":152,"width":431,"height":108,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Variabel Displasia Serviks Positif Displasia Serviks Negatif Total P value n % n % n % Penggunaan Kon- trasepsi 0. 1000 Berisiko 22 47,8 24 52,2 46 100 Tidak Berisiko 7 43,8 9 56,3 16 100","type":"Table"},{"left":75,"top":495,"width":422,"height":100,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Variabel Displasia Serviks Positif Displasia Serviks Negatif Total P value n % n % n % Personal Hygiene 0. 1000 Baik 1 33,3 2 66,7 3 100 Kurang 29 46,8 31 52,5 59 100","type":"Table"},{"left":537,"top":17,"width":22,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"126","type":"Page header"},{"left":37,"top":808,"width":289,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":22,"width":157,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2","type":"Page header"},{"left":407,"top":810,"width":150,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":57,"width":520,"height":284,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan antara usia nikah dengan kejadian displasia serviks diperoleh nilai p =0,002 ( p <0,05), namun penelitian ini didapatkan usia dini (≤ 20 tahun) yang terdeteksi displasia positif sebanyak 29 orang (54,7%). Berdasarkan teori Colditz (2004) & Rasjidi (2008), Umur saat perkawinan ≤ 20 tahun erat kaitanya dengan aktivitas seksual, hubungan seksual yang dilakukan terlalu dini dapat mempengaruhi pada kerusakan jaringan epitel serviks atau dinding rongga vagina [13] [14]. Kondisi tersebut dapat bertambah buruk mengarah pada kelainan sel dan pertumbuhan abnormal, wanita yang melakukan hubungan seksual secara aktif sejak sebelum 17 tahun memiliki potensi 3 kali lebih besar untuk menghidap kanker serviks dibandingkan wanita yang tidak melakukan hubungan seksual pada usia tersebut. Hal ini terjadi karena pada umur tersebut sel-sel pada mulut rahim belum matang dan rentang terhadap infeksi dan mutasi [13]. Hubungan seksual pada umur di bawah 17 tahun merangsang tumbuhnya sel pada alat kandungan perempuan, pada rentang umur 12-17 tahun perubahan sel dalam mulut rahim lebih aktif. Ketika sel sedang membelah secara aktif (metaplasia ). Metaplasia epitel skuamosa biasanya merupakan proses fisiologis. Tetapi dibawah pengaruh karsinogenik , perubahan sel dapat terjadi sehingga mengakibatkan suatu zona trasformasi yang patologik. Perubahan yang tidak khas ini menginisiasi suatu proses yang disebut Neo- plasia Intraepitel Serviks (NIS) atau lesi prakanker yang merupakan fase prainvasif kanker serviks [15].","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":353,"width":520,"height":71,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sementara hubungan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kejadian displasia serviks di Pusk- esmas Bara-baraya Makassar nilai p value =0,1000 ( p >0,05) Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Irmayani (2013), Dengan hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan penggunaan kon- trasepsi dengan kejadian lesi prakanker dengan hasil uji Chi Square nilai p =0,547 (nilai p >0,05) [16].","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":436,"width":519,"height":91,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hasil penelitian diatas tidak sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Wahyuninigsih & Erry (2014), dengan judul Faktor Risiko terjadinya Prakanker serviks melalui Deteksi Dini dengan Metode Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat. yang menyatakan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan kontrasepsi hormo- nal dengan kejadian displasia serviks dan hasil peneliti tidak memiliki hubungan karena yang berisiko lebih besar negative 52,2% terjadinya displasia dibandingkan dengan yang positif sebanyak 47,8% [17].","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":539,"width":519,"height":91,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penggunaan jangka panjang > 4 tahun dari kontarasepsi hormonal dipercaya berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kanker serviks. Semakin lama seseorang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal semakin tinggi risiko untuk mendapatkan kanker serviks. Hormon yang terkandung pada kontrasepsi hormonal dapat mengubah kepekaan sel serviks [18]. Akan tetapi resikonya tersebut akan turun kembali setelah kontrasepsi hormonal dihentikan. Resiko kembali normal setelah 5 sampai 10 tahun setelah mereka hentikan [19].","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":642,"width":519,"height":52,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sementara hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar dengan nilai p =1,000 ( p >0,05) ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks.","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":706,"width":519,"height":52,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ridhaningsih & Nurjannah (2010), dimana penggunaan antiseptik dan deodorant, pembalut/pentiliner dan cara cebok tidak ada hubungannya dengan kejadian prakanker (displasia).","type":"Text"},{"left":537,"top":17,"width":22,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"127","type":"Page header"},{"left":37,"top":808,"width":289,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":22,"width":157,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2","type":"Page header"},{"left":407,"top":810,"width":150,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":57,"width":519,"height":90,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Personal hygiene dilakukan dengan menggunakan sabun yang rutin akan mengiritasi mukus sekitar vagina sehingga memudahkan kuman dan bakteri tumbuh dan berkembanya dan menyebabkan terjadinya displasia. sedangkan pemakain sabun antiseptik akan membunuh semua bakteri, pemakain pembalut yang bersentuhan dengan kulit, jika hanya diganti 2 kali atau kurang dapat menyebabkan kelembaban berlebihan yang memudahkan pertumbuhan jamur dan bakteri [20].","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":160,"width":519,"height":109,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Ridhaningsih & Nurjannah (2010), hal tersebut dapat berubah dikarenakan bila seseorang memiliki daya tahan tubuh yang kuat maka tubuh akan dapat melawan virus, bakteri, dan jamur, sehingga vagina dalam keadaan sehat memproduksi cairan yang bening, tidak berbau, tidak berwarna, dalam jumlah yang tidak berlebihan, dan sedikit licin. Fungsi dari cairan ini adalah untuk melindungi vagina dari gesekan antara dinding vagina pada saat beraktivitas. Selain itu pada vagina juga terdapat bakteri yang dibutuhkan oleh vagina yang berfungsi menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem vagina [21].","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":286,"width":132,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":39,"top":311,"width":519,"height":71,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Usia nikah berhubungan dengan kejadian displasia serviks. penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian displasia serviks, personal hygiene tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian displa- sia serviks. Pernikahan usia dini (< 20 tahun), penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dan personal hygiene yang kurang baik berisiko terjadinya displasia serviks.","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":398,"width":96,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"DAFTAR PUSTAKA","type":"Section header"},{"left":39,"top":417,"width":519,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[1] Depkes R. I., “KepMenKes RI Nomor 796/Menkes/SKVIII/2012. Tentang Pedoman Teknis Pengendalian Kanker Payudara dan Kanker Leher Rahim.,” 2012. [Online]. Available: www.hukor.depkes.go.id. [Accessed: 28-Dec-2015].","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":462,"width":519,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[2] World Health Organization, “Buletin Of The World Organization 2012,” 2013. [Online]. Available: www.exara.com. [Accessed: 28-Dec-2015].","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":494,"width":520,"height":38,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[3] American Cancer Society, “Cervical cancer causes, risk factors and prevention topics,” 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CervicalCancer/DetailedGuide/cervical-cancer-risk-factors. [Accessed: 28-Jul-2016].","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":538,"width":450,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[4] Pusat Data & Informasi R. I, Stop Kanker . Sulawesi Selatan: Departemen Kesehatan, 2015.","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":557,"width":519,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[5] Dinkes Sulawesi Selatan, “Laporan Tahunan Sub. Bagian Pengamatan Penyakit Tidak Menular Sulawesi Selatan,” Makassar, 2013.","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":589,"width":517,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[6] S. I. S. K. MAKASSSAR, “POLA PENCARIAN PENGOBATAN PADA PENDERITA KANKER SERVIKS DI RU- MAH SAKIT LABUANG BAJI DAN RUMAH.”","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":621,"width":519,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[7] N. ari Pangesti and others, “Gambaran Karakteristik Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) yang Melakukan Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Karanganyar,” J. Ilm. Kesehat. Keperawa- tan , vol. 8, no. 2, 2012.","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":665,"width":519,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[8] H. G. S. A. Putra and I. G. P. M. Mayura, “PREVALENSI DAN KARAKTERISTIK PELAYANAN VAKSINASI CERVARIX SEBAGAI PREVENSI PRIMER KANKER SERVIKS DI SMP NEGERI 1 DENPASAR PERIODE OK- TOBER 2011-APRIL 2012,” E-Jurnal Med. Udayana .","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":710,"width":520,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[9] C. Giambi et al. , “A cross-sectional study to estimate high-risk human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in Italian women aged 18--26 years,” BMC Infect. Dis. , vol. 13, no. 1, p. 74, 2013.","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":742,"width":519,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[10] M. A. De Boer et al. , “Human papillomavirus type 18 and other risk factors for cervical cancer in Jakarta, Indonesia,” Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer , vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1809–1814, 2006.","type":"Text"},{"left":537,"top":17,"width":22,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"128","type":"Page header"},{"left":37,"top":808,"width":289,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":22,"width":157,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2","type":"Page header"},{"left":407,"top":810,"width":150,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved","type":"Page footer"},{"left":39,"top":57,"width":519,"height":39,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[11] K. KHASBIYAH, “BEBERAPA FAKTOR RISIKO KANKER SERVIKS UTERI (Studi Pada Penderita Kanker Serviks Uteri Di Rumah Sakit Dokter Kariadi Semarang Pada Bulan Agustus-September 2004),” Dipone- goro University, 2004.","type":"Text"},{"left":39,"top":102,"width":519,"height":25,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[12] N. Sogukp\\inar et al. , “Assessment of cervical cancer risk in women between 15 and 49 years of age: case of Izmir,” Asian Pacific J. Cancer Prev. , vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 2119–2125, 2013.","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":133,"width":520,"height":26,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[13] Colditz G, Handbook Of Cancer Assesment and Prevention . United States of America: Jones and Bartlet Publisher inc., 2004.","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":165,"width":359,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[14] R. I, Modalitas Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks . Jakarta: Sagung Seto, 2008.","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":184,"width":342,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[15] R. CB and M. L, Obstetri dan Ginekologi , 9th ed. Jakarta: ECG, 2009.","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":203,"width":520,"height":39,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[16] I. Irmayani, “FAKTOR RESIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN LESI PRAKANKER SERVIKS PADA WPS TIDAK LANGSUNG DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MENINTING,” J. Kesehat. Prima , vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1279–1291, 2018.","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":248,"width":519,"height":38,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[17] T. Wahyuningsih and E. Y. Mulyani, “Faktor risiko terjadinya lesi prakanker serviks melalui deteksi dini dengan metode IVA (inspeksi visual dengan asam asetat),” in Forum ilmiah , 2014, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 192 –209.","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":292,"width":520,"height":39,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[18] J. Monsonego, H. Magdelenat, F. Catalan, Y. Coscas, L. Zerat, and X. Sastre, “Estrogen and progesterone receptors in cervical human papillomavirus related lesions,” Int. J. cancer , vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 533–539, 1991.","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":337,"width":519,"height":39,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[19] Malva, “Faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian kanker serviks leher rahim pada penderita yang dating berobat di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan Universitas Sumatra Utara,” 2008. [Online]. Available: http:// repository.usu.ac.id/bitstreant12345678/6778/1/09Goo80.pdf. [Accessed: 20-Jun-2016].","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":382,"width":462,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[20] P. S and Dkk, Ilmu Kebidanan . Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo, 2001.","type":"List item"},{"left":39,"top":401,"width":519,"height":38,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[21] R. Ridhaningsih and S. N. Djannah, “Hubungan Aktivitas Seksual pada Usia Dini, Promiskuitas dan Bilas Vagina dengan Kejadian Kanker Leher Rahim pada Pasien Onkology di RSUD Dr. moewardi Surakarta,” Kes Mas J. Fak. Kesehat. Masy. Univ. Ahmad Daulan , vol. 5, no. 2, 2011.","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 37,\n \"top\": 808,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 22,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 407,\n \"top\": 810,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 259,\n \"top\": 105,\n \"width\": 303,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 434,\n \"top\": 39,\n \"width\": 140,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MPPKI\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 233,\n \"top\": 84,\n \"width\": 329,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 456,\n \"top\": 131,\n \"width\": 95,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Open Access\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 50,\n \"top\": 131,\n \"width\": 117,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Artikel Penelitian\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 54,\n \"top\": 173,\n \"width\": 487,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hubungan Usia Nikah Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal Dan Personal Hygiene Dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) Di Puskesmas Bara-Baraya Makassar\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 239,\n \"width\": 518,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The Correlation Of The Marriage Age Hormonal Contraception Use And Personal Hygiene With The Cervikal Dysplasia Incidence Through The Inspection Of Visual Asetat Acid\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 161,\n \"top\": 273,\n \"width\": 276,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"( VAA) In Bara-Baraya Health Center Makassar\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 152,\n \"top\": 307,\n \"width\": 291,\n \"height\": 37,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Nurhaeda* 1 , Resky Wahyuni 2 ,A Wardihan Sinrang 3 , Wema Nontji 4 * 1,2 Akademi Kebidanan Graha Ananda Palu 3 Bagian Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Hasanuddin\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 166,\n \"top\": 342,\n \"width\": 267,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4 Bagian Kebidanan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin *Email : edha_yusuf@yahoo.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 390,\n \"width\": 38,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Abstrak\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 401,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 127,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Di Negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia kanker serviks merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak dan diperkirakan setiap tahun dijumpai 500.000 penderita baru di seluruh dunia khususnya dinegara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menge- tahui hubungan usia nikah, penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks melalui pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar. Desain penelitian ini berupa cross sectional. Sampel adalah Ibu yang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal sebanyak 62 orang yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa responden yang usia nikah dini 53 orang (85,5%), pengunaan kontrasepsi hormonal yang berisiko 46 orang (74,2) dan personal hygiene kurang 59 orang (95,2%) sementara usia nikah yang ideal 9 orang (14,5%), pengguna kontrasepsi yang tidak berisiko 16 orang (25,8%), dan personal Hygiene baik hanya 3 orang (4,8%). Berdasarkan hasil uji Chi-Square ada hubungan usia nikah dengan kejadian displasia serviks (p=0,002). Namun didapatkan tidak ada hubungan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kejadian displasia serviks (p=0,1000). juga tidak ada hubungan antara personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks (p=0,1000). Pernikahan pada usia dini < 20 tahun dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal > 4 tahun dan personal hygiene yang kurang dapat memicu terjadianya displasia serviks.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 538,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kata Kunci : Usia Nikah, Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal, Personal Hygiene, Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 41,\n \"top\": 592,\n \"width\": 34,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Abstract\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 41,\n \"top\": 602,\n \"width\": 518,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"In developing countries, including Indonesia, cervical center is the leading cause of death and estimated that each year 500,000 new cases found throunghount the world, especially in developing countries. This research aimed to investigate the correlation of the marriage age, the hormonal contraception use, and the personal hygiene with the cervical dysplasia incidence through the inspection of the visual acetate acid (VVA) in Barbarayya Health Center, Makassar. The research design was cross- sectional, and the sampel were the mothers who used hormonal contraception and included 62 mothers chosen using the pur- posive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The research results indicated that 53 respond- ents (85,5%) were married at the early ages, 46 respondents (74,2%) used risking hormonal contraception, and 59 respondents (95,2%) had less personal hygiene, while only 9 respondents (14,5%) were married at the ideal ages, 16 respondents (25,8%) used risking hormonal contraception, and only 3 respondents (4,8%) had good personal hygiene. Based on the result of the Chi -square test, there was a correlation between the marriage age and the cervical dysplasia incidence (p=0,002). However, the use of the hormonal contraception had no correlation with the cervical dysplasia (p=0,1000); also the personal hygiene an the servical dysplasia had no correlation with the cervical dysplasia (p=0,1000). The marriage at the early age of < 20 years and the use of the hormonal contraception were < 4 years and the inadequate personal hygiene could tigger the incidence of cervi- cal dysplasia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 41,\n \"top\": 761,\n \"width\": 483,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keywords: Marriage age, use of Hormonal Contraception, personal hygiene, inspection of visual Acetate Acid (VAA)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 41,\n \"top\": 39,\n \"width\": 119,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2597 – 6052\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 537,\n \"top\": 17,\n \"width\": 22,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"123\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 37,\n \"top\": 808,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 22,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 407,\n \"top\": 810,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 56,\n \"width\": 86,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PENDAHULUAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 74,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 110,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Di Negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia kanker serviks merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak dan diperkirakan setiap tahun dijumpai 500.000 [1]. World Health Organization (2013) menemukan 528.000 kasus baru kanker serviks dan 85% terjadi di daerah yang kurang berkembang [2]. Dan 231.000 jumlah wanita yang meninggal berasal dari negara dengan pendapatan yang rendah, serta 35.000 atau 1 dari 10 wanita berasal dari negara dengan berpendapatan yang tinggi. Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2014 di- perkirakan terdapat 12.360 kasus baru kanker serviks dan terjadi 4.020 kematian akibat kanker serviks [3].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 196,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan data riset kesehatan tahun 2013 jumlah penderita kanker serviks di Indonesia sebanyak 98.692 kasus [4]. Berdasarkan laporan tahunan dinas provinsi Sulawesi selatan bidan Pengendalian Penyakit Dan Penyehatan Lingkungan (P2PL), jumlah penderita kanker serviks dari tahun ketahun mengalami fluk- tuasi. Pada tahun 2009 tercatat 1.011 kasus, 1.141 kasus (2010), 210 kasus (2011), 2.066 kasus (2012), dan 536 kasus (2013) [5]. Berdasarkan survailans yang merupakan laporan tahunan penyakit menular untuk kanker serviks baik rawat jalan maupun rawat inap pada tahun 2010 dan 2011 tertinggi di kapupaten en- rekang sebanyak 127 kasus, dan Makassar menempati urutan ketiga sebanyak 60 kasus setelah kabupaten Bone sebanyak 25 kasus [6].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 357,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 71,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Untuk pemecahan masalah tersebut diatas maka perlu dilakukan metode skrining alternative yang mampu mengenali lesi prakanker (displasia). Metode alternative tersebut skrining inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) dengan cara mengoleskan asam asetat (cuka) ke dalam leher rahim. Agar pengobatan kanker leher rahim dapat ditangani secara dini [7].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 440,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 110,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kebanyakan panduan menganjurkan untuk melakukan skrining pertama dalam waktu 3 tahun per- tama setelah aktif secara seksual karena ada beberapa faktor yang menjadi risiko atau secara tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) sehingga terjadi lesi prakanker (displasia). Beberapa faktor tersebut adalah status ekonomi, faktor aktivitas seksual yang meliputi usia per- tama kali melakukan hubungan seksual, jumlah pasangan seks, multiparitas, kurang menjaga kebersihan genetalia, merokok, riyawat penyakit kelamin dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal jangka panjang [8].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 562,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 168,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di Bali di Puskesmas Sukada II dengan jumlah sampel 163 pasangan usia subur (PUS) dengan perkawinan ≤ 20 tahun dengan IVA positif sebanyak 49 orang, sementara penelitian yang dilakukan di puskesmas jati Negara dari 33 responden dengan lesi pra kanker positif sebanyak 32 orang yang artinya kejadian lesi prakanker serviks usia perkawinan < 21 tahun memiliki risiko lebih besar dari pada usia Perkawinan > 20 tahun untuk mengalami lesi prakanker serviks karena Kanker serviks cenderung timbul bila saat mulai aktif berhubungn seksual pada saat usia kurang dari 17 tahun [9]. Lebih dijelaskan bahwa usia antara 15-20 tahun merupakan periode yang rentan, Epitel serviks pada wanita remaja sangat rentan terhadap bahan-bahan karsinogenikyang ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual dibandingkan dengan epitel serviks wanita dewasa [3] [10].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 742,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 33,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hal ini juga sesuai dengan studi yang dilakukan Giambi, yang melakukan penelitian pada sampel dengan usia 18 sampai 26 tahun, ditemukan perbedaan statistik yang bermakna antara wanita yang menikah\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 537,\n \"top\": 17,\n \"width\": 22,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"124\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 37,\n \"top\": 808,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 22,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 407,\n \"top\": 810,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 129,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"dibawah 21 tahun cenderung untuk terkena kanker serviks di bandingkan wanita yang menikah usia diatas 20 tahun [9]. Khasbiyah dalam penelitiannya, menerangkan terdapat risiko 5,85 kali pada wanita yang melakukan hubungan seksualitas dengan kejadian kanker serviks [11]. Sogukpinar di Izmir, menerangkan hubungan seksual dibawah 20 tahun juga berperan dalam salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya kanker serviks dimana puncak usia pertama kali berhubungan seksualnya adalah 16 tahun [12]. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan usia nikah, penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks melalui pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 212,\n \"width\": 45,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"METODE\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 231,\n \"width\": 516,\n \"height\": 168,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar. Desain penelitian yang digunakan da- lam penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross sectional . Populasi adalah Popu- lasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasangan usia subur yang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal yang berada diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Bara-Baraya Makassar. Sampel sebanyak 70 orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling yang telah memenuhi criteria inklusi yaitu, Ibu yang berumur > 30 Tahun, Bersedia men- jadi responden, memiliki anak > 2, menjadi aseptor KB hormonal > 4, dalam keadaan Sehat, tidak haid, 24 jam sebelumnya tidak melakukan hubungan seksual. Analisis berupa analisis univariat dan bivariat merupakan analisa hasil dari variabel-variabel bebas yang diduga mempunyai hubungan dengan variabel terkait. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-Square .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 424,\n \"width\": 31,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"HASIL\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 444,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 51,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Analisis bivariat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi square untuk Hubungan Usia Nikah dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016 dapat diketahui pada tabel di bawah ini:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 88,\n \"top\": 508,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 28,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 1. Hubungan Usia Nikah dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan In- speksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 667,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 71,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pada tabel 1 responden yang usia pernikahan dini sebanyak 53 orang dengan hasil negatife sebanyak 24 orang (45,3%) dan positif sebanyak 29 orang (54,7%) sementara yang usia pernikahan ideal sebanyak 9 orang dengan hasil negatife seluruhnya sebanyak 9 orang (100%). Hasil analisi uji Chi-Square ( p =0,002) se- hingga didapatkan ( p<0,05) yang artinya ada pengaruh antara usia nikah dengan kejadian displasia serviks.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 751,\n \"width\": 477,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Analisis bivariat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi square untuk Penggunaan Kontrasepsi\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 90,\n \"top\": 545,\n \"width\": 425,\n \"height\": 100,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Variabel Displasia Serviks Positif Displasia Serviks Negatif Total P value n % n % n % Usia Nikah 0. 002 Dini 29 54,7 24 45,3 53 100 Ideal 0 0 9 100 9 100\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 537,\n \"top\": 17,\n \"width\": 22,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"125\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 37,\n \"top\": 808,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 22,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 407,\n \"top\": 810,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 517,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hormonal dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Pusk- esmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016 dapat diketahui pada tabel di bawah ini:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 91,\n \"top\": 102,\n \"width\": 418,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 2. Hubungan Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 282,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pada tabel 2 responden yang beresiko sebanyak 46 orang dengan hasil displasia negatif sebanyak 24 orang (52,2%) dan positif sebanyak 22 orang (47,8%). Sementara yang tidak berisiko dengan hasil displasia negatife sebanyak 9 orang (56,3%) dan positif 7 orang (43,8%). Hasil analisis uji Chi-Square ( p =0,1000) se- hingga didapatkan bahwa p >0,05 yang artinya tidak ada pengaruh antara lama menggunakan kontrasepsi hor- monal dengan kejadian displasia serviks.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 385,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Analisis bivariat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi square untuk Personal Hygiene dengan Ke- jadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016 dapat diketahui pada tabel di bawah ini:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 118,\n \"top\": 449,\n \"width\": 364,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 3. Hubungan Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 615,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pada tabel 3 responden dengan personal hygiene yang baik sebanyak 33 orang dengan hasil displasia negatif sebanyak 2 orang (66,7%), dan positif sebanyak 1 orang (33,3%) sementara personal hygiene kurang sebanyak 59 dengan hasil negatif sebanyak 31 orang (52,5%) dan positif sebanyak 29 (46,8%). Hasil analisis statistic uji Chi-Square ( p =0,1000) sehingga didapatkan nilai ( p >0,05) yang artinya tidak ada hubungan antara personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 743,\n \"width\": 74,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PEMBAHASAN\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 75,\n \"top\": 152,\n \"width\": 431,\n \"height\": 108,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Variabel Displasia Serviks Positif Displasia Serviks Negatif Total P value n % n % n % Penggunaan Kon- trasepsi 0. 1000 Berisiko 22 47,8 24 52,2 46 100 Tidak Berisiko 7 43,8 9 56,3 16 100\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 75,\n \"top\": 495,\n \"width\": 422,\n \"height\": 100,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Variabel Displasia Serviks Positif Displasia Serviks Negatif Total P value n % n % n % Personal Hygiene 0. 1000 Baik 1 33,3 2 66,7 3 100 Kurang 29 46,8 31 52,5 59 100\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 537,\n \"top\": 17,\n \"width\": 22,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"126\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 37,\n \"top\": 808,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 22,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 407,\n \"top\": 810,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 284,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan antara usia nikah dengan kejadian displasia serviks diperoleh nilai p =0,002 ( p <0,05), namun penelitian ini didapatkan usia dini (≤ 20 tahun) yang terdeteksi displasia positif sebanyak 29 orang (54,7%). Berdasarkan teori Colditz (2004) & Rasjidi (2008), Umur saat perkawinan ≤ 20 tahun erat kaitanya dengan aktivitas seksual, hubungan seksual yang dilakukan terlalu dini dapat mempengaruhi pada kerusakan jaringan epitel serviks atau dinding rongga vagina [13] [14]. Kondisi tersebut dapat bertambah buruk mengarah pada kelainan sel dan pertumbuhan abnormal, wanita yang melakukan hubungan seksual secara aktif sejak sebelum 17 tahun memiliki potensi 3 kali lebih besar untuk menghidap kanker serviks dibandingkan wanita yang tidak melakukan hubungan seksual pada usia tersebut. Hal ini terjadi karena pada umur tersebut sel-sel pada mulut rahim belum matang dan rentang terhadap infeksi dan mutasi [13]. Hubungan seksual pada umur di bawah 17 tahun merangsang tumbuhnya sel pada alat kandungan perempuan, pada rentang umur 12-17 tahun perubahan sel dalam mulut rahim lebih aktif. Ketika sel sedang membelah secara aktif (metaplasia ). Metaplasia epitel skuamosa biasanya merupakan proses fisiologis. Tetapi dibawah pengaruh karsinogenik , perubahan sel dapat terjadi sehingga mengakibatkan suatu zona trasformasi yang patologik. Perubahan yang tidak khas ini menginisiasi suatu proses yang disebut Neo- plasia Intraepitel Serviks (NIS) atau lesi prakanker yang merupakan fase prainvasif kanker serviks [15].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 353,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 71,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sementara hubungan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kejadian displasia serviks di Pusk- esmas Bara-baraya Makassar nilai p value =0,1000 ( p >0,05) Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Irmayani (2013), Dengan hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan penggunaan kon- trasepsi dengan kejadian lesi prakanker dengan hasil uji Chi Square nilai p =0,547 (nilai p >0,05) [16].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 436,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hasil penelitian diatas tidak sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Wahyuninigsih & Erry (2014), dengan judul Faktor Risiko terjadinya Prakanker serviks melalui Deteksi Dini dengan Metode Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat. yang menyatakan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan kontrasepsi hormo- nal dengan kejadian displasia serviks dan hasil peneliti tidak memiliki hubungan karena yang berisiko lebih besar negative 52,2% terjadinya displasia dibandingkan dengan yang positif sebanyak 47,8% [17].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 539,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penggunaan jangka panjang > 4 tahun dari kontarasepsi hormonal dipercaya berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kanker serviks. Semakin lama seseorang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal semakin tinggi risiko untuk mendapatkan kanker serviks. Hormon yang terkandung pada kontrasepsi hormonal dapat mengubah kepekaan sel serviks [18]. Akan tetapi resikonya tersebut akan turun kembali setelah kontrasepsi hormonal dihentikan. Resiko kembali normal setelah 5 sampai 10 tahun setelah mereka hentikan [19].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 642,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sementara hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar dengan nilai p =1,000 ( p >0,05) ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 706,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ridhaningsih & Nurjannah (2010), dimana penggunaan antiseptik dan deodorant, pembalut/pentiliner dan cara cebok tidak ada hubungannya dengan kejadian prakanker (displasia).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 537,\n \"top\": 17,\n \"width\": 22,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"127\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 37,\n \"top\": 808,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 22,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 407,\n \"top\": 810,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Personal hygiene dilakukan dengan menggunakan sabun yang rutin akan mengiritasi mukus sekitar vagina sehingga memudahkan kuman dan bakteri tumbuh dan berkembanya dan menyebabkan terjadinya displasia. sedangkan pemakain sabun antiseptik akan membunuh semua bakteri, pemakain pembalut yang bersentuhan dengan kulit, jika hanya diganti 2 kali atau kurang dapat menyebabkan kelembaban berlebihan yang memudahkan pertumbuhan jamur dan bakteri [20].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 160,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 109,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Ridhaningsih & Nurjannah (2010), hal tersebut dapat berubah dikarenakan bila seseorang memiliki daya tahan tubuh yang kuat maka tubuh akan dapat melawan virus, bakteri, dan jamur, sehingga vagina dalam keadaan sehat memproduksi cairan yang bening, tidak berbau, tidak berwarna, dalam jumlah yang tidak berlebihan, dan sedikit licin. Fungsi dari cairan ini adalah untuk melindungi vagina dari gesekan antara dinding vagina pada saat beraktivitas. Selain itu pada vagina juga terdapat bakteri yang dibutuhkan oleh vagina yang berfungsi menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem vagina [21].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 286,\n \"width\": 132,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 311,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 71,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Usia nikah berhubungan dengan kejadian displasia serviks. penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian displasia serviks, personal hygiene tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian displa- sia serviks. Pernikahan usia dini (< 20 tahun), penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dan personal hygiene yang kurang baik berisiko terjadinya displasia serviks.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 398,\n \"width\": 96,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DAFTAR PUSTAKA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 417,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[1] Depkes R. I., “KepMenKes RI Nomor 796/Menkes/SKVIII/2012. Tentang Pedoman Teknis Pengendalian Kanker Payudara dan Kanker Leher Rahim.,” 2012. [Online]. Available: www.hukor.depkes.go.id. [Accessed: 28-Dec-2015].\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 462,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[2] World Health Organization, “Buletin Of The World Organization 2012,” 2013. [Online]. Available: www.exara.com. [Accessed: 28-Dec-2015].\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 494,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[3] American Cancer Society, “Cervical cancer causes, risk factors and prevention topics,” 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CervicalCancer/DetailedGuide/cervical-cancer-risk-factors. [Accessed: 28-Jul-2016].\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 538,\n \"width\": 450,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[4] Pusat Data & Informasi R. I, Stop Kanker . Sulawesi Selatan: Departemen Kesehatan, 2015.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 557,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[5] Dinkes Sulawesi Selatan, “Laporan Tahunan Sub. Bagian Pengamatan Penyakit Tidak Menular Sulawesi Selatan,” Makassar, 2013.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 589,\n \"width\": 517,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[6] S. I. S. K. MAKASSSAR, “POLA PENCARIAN PENGOBATAN PADA PENDERITA KANKER SERVIKS DI RU- MAH SAKIT LABUANG BAJI DAN RUMAH.”\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 621,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[7] N. ari Pangesti and others, “Gambaran Karakteristik Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) yang Melakukan Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Karanganyar,” J. Ilm. Kesehat. Keperawa- tan , vol. 8, no. 2, 2012.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 665,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[8] H. G. S. A. Putra and I. G. P. M. Mayura, “PREVALENSI DAN KARAKTERISTIK PELAYANAN VAKSINASI CERVARIX SEBAGAI PREVENSI PRIMER KANKER SERVIKS DI SMP NEGERI 1 DENPASAR PERIODE OK- TOBER 2011-APRIL 2012,” E-Jurnal Med. Udayana .\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 710,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[9] C. Giambi et al. , “A cross-sectional study to estimate high-risk human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in Italian women aged 18--26 years,” BMC Infect. Dis. , vol. 13, no. 1, p. 74, 2013.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 742,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[10] M. A. De Boer et al. , “Human papillomavirus type 18 and other risk factors for cervical cancer in Jakarta, Indonesia,” Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer , vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1809–1814, 2006.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 537,\n \"top\": 17,\n \"width\": 22,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"128\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 37,\n \"top\": 808,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 22,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 407,\n \"top\": 810,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[11] K. KHASBIYAH, “BEBERAPA FAKTOR RISIKO KANKER SERVIKS UTERI (Studi Pada Penderita Kanker Serviks Uteri Di Rumah Sakit Dokter Kariadi Semarang Pada Bulan Agustus-September 2004),” Dipone- goro University, 2004.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 102,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[12] N. Sogukp\\\\inar et al. , “Assessment of cervical cancer risk in women between 15 and 49 years of age: case of Izmir,” Asian Pacific J. Cancer Prev. , vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 2119–2125, 2013.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 133,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[13] Colditz G, Handbook Of Cancer Assesment and Prevention . United States of America: Jones and Bartlet Publisher inc., 2004.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 165,\n \"width\": 359,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[14] R. I, Modalitas Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks . Jakarta: Sagung Seto, 2008.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 184,\n \"width\": 342,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[15] R. CB and M. L, Obstetri dan Ginekologi , 9th ed. Jakarta: ECG, 2009.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 203,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[16] I. Irmayani, “FAKTOR RESIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN LESI PRAKANKER SERVIKS PADA WPS TIDAK LANGSUNG DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MENINTING,” J. Kesehat. Prima , vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1279–1291, 2018.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 248,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[17] T. Wahyuningsih and E. Y. Mulyani, “Faktor risiko terjadinya lesi prakanker serviks melalui deteksi dini dengan metode IVA (inspeksi visual dengan asam asetat),” in Forum ilmiah , 2014, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 192 –209.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 292,\n \"width\": 520,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[18] J. Monsonego, H. Magdelenat, F. Catalan, Y. Coscas, L. Zerat, and X. Sastre, “Estrogen and progesterone receptors in cervical human papillomavirus related lesions,” Int. J. cancer , vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 533–539, 1991.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 337,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[19] Malva, “Faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian kanker serviks leher rahim pada penderita yang dating berobat di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan Universitas Sumatra Utara,” 2008. [Online]. Available: http:// repository.usu.ac.id/bitstreant12345678/6778/1/09Goo80.pdf. [Accessed: 20-Jun-2016].\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 382,\n \"width\": 462,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[20] P. S and Dkk, Ilmu Kebidanan . Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo, 2001.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 39,\n \"top\": 401,\n \"width\": 519,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[21] R. Ridhaningsih and S. N. Djannah, “Hubungan Aktivitas Seksual pada Usia Dini, Promiskuitas dan Bilas Vagina dengan Kejadian Kanker Leher Rahim pada Pasien Onkology di RSUD Dr. moewardi Surakarta,” Kes Mas J. Fak. Kesehat. Masy. Univ. Ahmad Daulan , vol. 5, no. 2, 2011.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1897,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"de3c2581-7638-a621-c208-7aa70b559212"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://e-journal.umc.ac.id/index.php/VL/article/download/1087/797"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":489,"top":39,"width":38,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Value","type":"Page header"},{"left":128,"top":54,"width":399,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":781,"width":98,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN : 1979 – 0643","type":"Page footer"},{"left":510,"top":781,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"80","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":793,"width":213,"height":14,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087","type":"Page footer"},{"left":87,"top":82,"width":424,"height":25,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. BANGUN JAYA PERSADA DI JAKARTA","type":"Section header"},{"left":244,"top":121,"width":111,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hafis Laksmana Nuraldy","type":"Text"},{"left":175,"top":132,"width":248,"height":21,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan dosen02460@unpam.ac.id","type":"Text"},{"left":271,"top":168,"width":56,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ABSTRAK","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":186,"width":454,"height":111,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Bangun Jaya Persada di Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan teknik analisis menggunakan analisis statistik dengan pengujian regresi, korelasi, determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 45,8%, uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006). Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 37,5%, uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006). Motivasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 55,5%, uji hipotesis diperoleh F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":306,"width":283,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kata Kunci: Motivasi, Lingkungan kerja, Kinerja Karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":325,"width":106,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"I. PENDAHULUAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":337,"width":454,"height":112,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sumber daya manusia merupakan aset terpenting perusahaan karena perannya sebagai subyek pelaksana kebijakan dan kegiatan operasional perusahaan. Agar perusahaan tetap eksis maka harus berani menghadapi tantangan dan implikasinya yaitu menghadapi perubahan dan memenangkan persaingan. Tumbuh dan berkembangnya organisasi tergantung pada sumber daya manusia. Oleh karena itu sumber daya manusia merupakan aset yang harus ditingkatkan secara efektif dan efisien sehingga akan terwujud kinerja yang optimal. Untuk mencapai dimaksud, organisasi dalam hal ini perusahaan harus mampu menciptakan situasi dan kondisi yang mendorong dan memungkinkan karyawan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan keterampilan secara optimal, khususnya dalam hal kinerja. Maka organisasi perlu memperhatikan motivasi dan lingkungan kerja karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":451,"width":454,"height":74,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kinerja merupakan tindakan-tindakan atau pelaksanaan tugas yang dilakukan oleh seseorang dalam kurun waktu tertentu dan dapat diukur. Kinerja karyawan yang merupakan hasil olah pikir dan tenaga dari seorang karyawan terhadap pekerjaan yang dilakukannya, dapat berujud, dilihat, dihitung jumlahnya, akan tetapi dalam banyak hal hasil olah pikiran dan tenaga tidak dapat dihitung dan dilihat, seperti ide-ide pemecahan suatu persoalan, inovasi baru suatu produk barang atau jasa, bisa juga merupakan penemuan atas prosedur kerja yang lebih efisien.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":527,"width":454,"height":86,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Motivasi merupakan sebuah dorongan yang tumbuh dalam diri seseorang. Baik yang berasal dari dalam maupun dari luar dirinya untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan dengan semangat tinggi menggunakan semua kemampuan dan ketrampilan yang dimilikinya guna mencapai tujuan organisasi. Permasalahan yang paling utama adalah meningkatkan efektifitas kinerja para karyawannya PT. Bangun Jaya Persada melalui kualitas pelayanan kepada konsumen yang optimal dan menjaga peringkat perusahaan agar tetap baik. Pelanggan atau klien sangat penting dalam bisnis dan memerlukan perhatian khusus.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":616,"width":454,"height":86,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Manajemen harus memastikan bahwa karyawannya mampu melayani pelanggan dengan baik, sehingga pelanggan merasa puas dengan perusahaan, tetapi pada kenyataannya terdapat beberapa karyawan yang tidak bekerja sesuai standar yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan, tingginya tingkat keterlambatan karyawan hal ini membuktikan bahwa kinerja karyawan masih belum sesuai harapan dapat dibuktikan dengan melihat data absensi karyawan yang menunjukan bahwa banyak karyawan yang bekerja tidak sesuai dengan standar perusahaan dan banyaknya tingkat absensi karyawan, terutama keterlambatan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":704,"width":454,"height":61,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Selain faktor motivasi lingkungan kerja tempat karyawan tersebut bekerja juga tidak kalah pentingnya dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Lingkungan kerja adalah segala sesuatu yang ada disekitar para pekerjaan dan yang dapat mempengaruhi dirinya dalam menjalankan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan. Lingkungan kerja yang sesuai dapat mendukung pelaksanaan kerja sehingga karyawan memiliki semangat bekerja dan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":489,"top":39,"width":38,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Value","type":"Page header"},{"left":128,"top":54,"width":399,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":781,"width":98,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN : 1979 – 0643","type":"Page footer"},{"left":510,"top":781,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"81","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":793,"width":213,"height":14,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":82,"width":128,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":97,"width":67,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2.1. Motivasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":110,"width":454,"height":35,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengertian motivasi merupakan suatu perubahan yang terjadi pada diri seseorang yang muncul adanya gejala perasaan, kejiwaan dan emosi sehingga mendorong individu untuk melakukan atau bertindak sesuatu yang disebabkan karna kebutuhan, keinginan dan tujuan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":148,"width":454,"height":60,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Stepan P. Robbins dalam Wibowo (2011:378) menyatakan motivasi sebagai proses yang menyebabkan intensitas, arah, dan usaha terus-menerus individu menuju pencapaian tujuan. Intensitas menunjukan seberapa keras seseorang berusaha tetapi intensitas tinggi tidak mungkin mengarah pada hasil kinerja yang baik, kecuali usaha dilakukan dalam arah yang menghitungkan organisasi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":217,"width":113,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2.2. Lingkungan Kerja","type":"Section header"},{"left":86,"top":230,"width":440,"height":22,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Sedarmayanti (2009:28) indicator lingkungan kerja terbagi menjadi dua lingkungan, yaitu lingkungan fisik dan non fisik yaitu sebagai berikut :","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":255,"width":150,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Hubungan Antara Karyawan","type":"List item"},{"left":107,"top":268,"width":419,"height":60,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dari pendapat Sedarmayanti (2009:28) tentang lingkungan kerja diharapkan terciptanya lingkungan kerja yang kondusif sehingga karyawan akan lebih betah dalam melakukan pekerjaan. Dari pendapat peneliti mengambil indikaor yaitu suasana kerja, hubungan kerja, rekan kerja, tersedianya fasilitas kerja, penerangan sirkulasi udara, kebisingan, bau tidak sedap dan keamanan.","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":331,"width":207,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b. Penerangan atau Cahaya di Tempat Kerja","type":"List item"},{"left":107,"top":344,"width":419,"height":35,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cahaya atau penerangan sangat besar manfaatnya bagi karyawan guna mendapat keselamatan dan kelancaran kerja, oleh sebab itu perlu diperhatikan adanya penerangan (cahaya) yang terang tetapi tidak menyilaukan.","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":381,"width":146,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c. Keamanan di Tempat Kerja","type":"List item"},{"left":107,"top":394,"width":419,"height":48,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Guna menjaga tempat dan kondisi lingkungan kerja tetap dalam keadan aman maka perlu diperhatikan adanya keamanan dalam bekerja. Oleh karena itu faktor keamanan perlu diwujudkan keberadaanya. Salah satu upaya untuk menjaga keamanan ditempat kerja, dapat memanfaatkan tenaga satuan petugas pengamanan (satpam).","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":445,"width":167,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"d. Sirkulasi Udara di Tempat Kerja","type":"List item"},{"left":107,"top":457,"width":419,"height":48,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Oksigen merupakan gas yang dibutuhkan oleh makhluk hidup untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidup, yaitu untuk proses metabolisme udara di sekitar dikatakan kotor apabila kadar oksigen dalam udara tersebut berkurang dan telah bercampur gas atau bau-bau yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":514,"width":112,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2.3. Kinerja Karyawan","type":"Section header"},{"left":107,"top":530,"width":386,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Anwar Prabu Mangkunegara (2009:75) mengemukakan bahwa indikator kinerja, yaitu:","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":542,"width":81,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Kualitas Kerja","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":555,"width":426,"height":23,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kualiatas kerja adalah seberapa baik seorang karyawan mengerjakan apa yang harus dikerjakan.","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":580,"width":83,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b. Kuantitas Kerja","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":592,"width":425,"height":21,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kuantitas kerja adalah seberapa lama seorang karyawan bekerja dalam satu harinya. Kuantitas kerja ini dapat dilihat dari kecepatan kerja setiap karyawan itu masing-masing.","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":616,"width":97,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c. Pelaksanaan Tugas","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":628,"width":425,"height":21,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pelaksanaan tugas adalah seberapa jauh karyawan mampu melakukan pekerjaannya dengan akurat atau tidak ada kesalahan.","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":653,"width":88,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"d. Tanggung Jawab","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":665,"width":425,"height":21,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tanggung jawab terhadap pekerjaan adalah seberapa jauh karyawan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan yang diberikan perusahaan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":695,"width":140,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. METODE PENELITIAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":710,"width":64,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3.1. Populasi","type":"List item"},{"left":95,"top":725,"width":384,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 56 responden PT. Bangun Jaya Persada di Jakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":489,"top":39,"width":38,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Value","type":"Page header"},{"left":128,"top":54,"width":399,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":781,"width":98,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN : 1979 – 0643","type":"Page footer"},{"left":510,"top":781,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"82","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":793,"width":213,"height":14,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":82,"width":56,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3.2. Sampel","type":"Section header"},{"left":95,"top":94,"width":432,"height":33,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Teknik pengambilan sampling dalam penelitian ini adalah sample jenuh, dimana semua anggota populasi di jadikan sebagai sampel. Dengan demikian sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 56 responden.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":133,"width":96,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3.3. Jenis Penelitian","type":"Section header"},{"left":95,"top":145,"width":432,"height":21,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jenis penelitian yang dipakai adalah asosiatif, dimana tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat baik parsial maupun simultan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":172,"width":119,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3.4. Metode Analisis Data","type":"Section header"},{"left":95,"top":184,"width":432,"height":21,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam menganalisis data digunakan uji instrumen, uji asumsi klasik, regresi, koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":220,"width":126,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4. HASIL PENELITIAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":235,"width":109,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4.1. Analisis Deskriptif","type":"Section header"},{"left":95,"top":247,"width":431,"height":21,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pada pengujian ini digunakan untuk mengetahui skor minimum dan maksimum, mean score dan standar deviasi dari masing-masing variabel. Adapun hasilnya sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":89,"top":277,"width":373,"height":87,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 1. Hasil Analisis Descriptive Statistics Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Motivasi (X1) 56 32 48 38.59 4.225 Lingkungan kerja (X2) 56 31 48 38.39 3.883 Kinerja Karyawan (Y) 56 33 46 39.41 3.617 Valid N (listwise) 56","type":"Table"},{"left":95,"top":380,"width":431,"height":57,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Motivasi diperoleh varians minimum sebesar 32 dan varians maximum 48 dengan mean score sebesar 3,86 dengan standar deviasi 4,225. Lingkungan kerja diperoleh varians minimum sebesar 31 dan varians maximum 48 dengan mean score sebesar 3,84 dengan standar deviasi 3,883. Kinerja karyawan diperoleh varians minimum sebesar 33 dan varians maximum 46 dengan mean score sebesar 3,94 dengan standar deviasi 3,617.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":440,"width":114,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4.2. Analisis Verifikatif.","type":"List item"},{"left":95,"top":452,"width":432,"height":21,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pada analisis ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Adapun hasil pengujian sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":95,"top":476,"width":165,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda","type":"List item"},{"left":108,"top":488,"width":418,"height":21,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Uji regresi ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui perubahan variabel dependen jika variabel independen mengalami perubahan. Adapun hasil pengujiannya sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":211,"top":518,"width":212,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 2. Hasil Pengujian Regresi Linier Berganda","type":"Text"},{"left":103,"top":531,"width":366,"height":81,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 10.163 3.654 2.781 .007 Motivasi (X1) .422 .091 .493 4.637 .000 Lingkungan kerja (X2) .338 .099 .363 3.414 .001","type":"Table"},{"left":103,"top":616,"width":223,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan (Y)","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":635,"width":427,"height":22,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh persamaan regresi Y = 10,163 + 0,422X1 + 0,338X2. Dari persamaan tersebut dijelaskan sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":660,"width":426,"height":22,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1) Konstanta sebesar 10,163 diartikan jika motivasi dan lingkungan kerja tidak ada, maka telah terdapat nilai kinerja karyawan sebesar 10,163 point.","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":685,"width":426,"height":35,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2) Koefisien regresi motivasi sebesar 0,422, angka ini positif artinya setiap ada peningkatan motivasi sebesar 0,422 maka kinerja karyawan juga akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,422 point.","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":723,"width":426,"height":35,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3) Koefisien regresi lingkungan kerja sebesar 0,338, angka ini positif artinya setiap ada peningkatan lingkungan kerja sebesar 0,338 maka kinerja karyawan juga akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,338 point.","type":"List item"},{"left":489,"top":39,"width":38,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Value","type":"Page header"},{"left":128,"top":54,"width":399,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":781,"width":98,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN : 1979 – 0643","type":"Page footer"},{"left":510,"top":781,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"83","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":793,"width":213,"height":14,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087","type":"Page footer"},{"left":95,"top":82,"width":142,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b. Analisis Koefisien Korelasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":108,"top":94,"width":418,"height":35,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Analisis koefisien korelasi dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui tingkat kekuatan hubungan dari variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Adapun hasil pengujian sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":132,"top":138,"width":370,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 3. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Korelasi Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":250,"top":151,"width":69,"height":12,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Correlations b","type":"Text"},{"left":103,"top":166,"width":366,"height":67,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Motivasi (X1) Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Motivasi (X1) Pearson Correlation 1 .676 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Pearson Correlation .676 ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000","type":"Table"},{"left":103,"top":240,"width":217,"height":18,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). b. Listwise N=56","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":267,"width":427,"height":23,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,676 artinya motivasi memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap kinerja karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":295,"width":408,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 4. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Korelasi Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":103,"top":309,"width":359,"height":81,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Correlations b Lingkungan kerja (X2) Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Lingkungan kerja (X2) Pearson Correlation 1 .612 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Pearson Correlation .612 ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000","type":"Table"},{"left":103,"top":397,"width":217,"height":19,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). b. Listwise N=56","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":418,"width":427,"height":23,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,612 artinya lingkungan kerja memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap kinerja karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":109,"top":450,"width":409,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 5. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Korelasi Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja secara simultan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":242,"top":481,"width":85,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Model Summary","type":"Section header"},{"left":103,"top":493,"width":365,"height":30,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .745 a .555 .539 2.457","type":"Table"},{"left":103,"top":526,"width":251,"height":8,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja (X2), Motivasi (X1)","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":543,"width":427,"height":23,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,745 artinya motivasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap kinerja karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":90,"top":581,"width":157,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c. Analisis Koefisien Determinasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":100,"top":594,"width":427,"height":35,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Analisis koefisien determinasi dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui besarnya persentase pengaruh dari variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Adapun hasil pengujian sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":120,"top":644,"width":386,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 6. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":239,"top":663,"width":85,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Model Summary","type":"Section header"},{"left":103,"top":675,"width":358,"height":30,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .676 a .458 .447 2.689","type":"Table"},{"left":103,"top":708,"width":158,"height":8,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Predictors: (Constant), Motivasi (X1)","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":725,"width":426,"height":23,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai determinasi sebesar 0,458 artinya motivasi memiliki kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 45,8% terhadap kinerja karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":489,"top":39,"width":38,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Value","type":"Page header"},{"left":128,"top":54,"width":399,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":781,"width":98,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN : 1979 – 0643","type":"Page footer"},{"left":510,"top":781,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"84","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":793,"width":213,"height":14,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087","type":"Page footer"},{"left":101,"top":81,"width":425,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 7. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":239,"top":100,"width":85,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Model Summary","type":"Section header"},{"left":103,"top":112,"width":358,"height":30,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .612 a .375 .363 2.886","type":"Table"},{"left":103,"top":145,"width":193,"height":8,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja (X2)","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":162,"width":427,"height":23,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai determinasi sebesar 0,375 artinya lingkungan kerja memiliki kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 37,5% terhadap kinerja karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":103,"top":194,"width":410,"height":74,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 8. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan . Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .745 a .555 .539 2.457","type":"Table"},{"left":103,"top":271,"width":251,"height":8,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja (X2), Motivasi (X1)","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":288,"width":427,"height":35,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai determinasi sebesar 0,555 artinya motivasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan memiliki kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 55,5% terhadap kinerja karyawan, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 44,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain.","type":"Text"},{"left":95,"top":332,"width":141,"height":23,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"d. Uji Hipotesis Uji hipotesis Parsial (Uji t)","type":"Section header"},{"left":108,"top":357,"width":418,"height":36,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengujian hipotesis dengan uji t digunakan untuk mengetahui hipotesis parsial mana yang diterima. Hipotesis pertama: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":164,"top":401,"width":299,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 9. Hasil Uji Hipotesis Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":103,"top":415,"width":366,"height":69,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 17.063 3.331 5.122 .000 Motivasi (X1) .579 .086 .676 6.748 .000","type":"Table"},{"left":103,"top":487,"width":182,"height":8,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan (Y)","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":504,"width":426,"height":35,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006), dengan demikian hipotesis pertama yang diajukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan atara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.","type":"Text"},{"left":142,"top":548,"width":340,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 10. Hasil Uji Hipotesis Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":103,"top":564,"width":366,"height":70,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 17.516 3.867 4.530 .000 Lingkungan kerja (X2) .570 .100 .612 5.690 .000","type":"Table"},{"left":103,"top":637,"width":182,"height":8,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan (Y)","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":654,"width":426,"height":35,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006), dengan demikian hipotesis kedua yang diajukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan atara lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":698,"width":140,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Uji Hipotesis Simultan (Uji F)","type":"Section header"},{"left":100,"top":710,"width":429,"height":36,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengujian hipotesis dengan uji F digunakan untuk mengetahui hipotesis simultan yang mana yang diterima. Hipotesis ketiga Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":489,"top":39,"width":38,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Value","type":"Page header"},{"left":128,"top":54,"width":399,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":781,"width":98,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN : 1979 – 0643","type":"Page footer"},{"left":510,"top":781,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"85","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":793,"width":213,"height":14,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087","type":"Page footer"},{"left":112,"top":81,"width":403,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 11. Hasil Uji Hipotesis Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":103,"top":98,"width":363,"height":60,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 399.565 2 199.783 33.090 .000 b Residual 319.988 53 6.038 Total 719.554 55","type":"Table"},{"left":100,"top":178,"width":426,"height":35,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780), dengan demikian hipotesis ketiga yang diajukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan atara motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":228,"width":212,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4.3. PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELITIAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":244,"width":265,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4.3.1. Pengaruh Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":256,"width":455,"height":48,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan korelasi sebesar 0,676 atau memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 45,8%. Pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006). Dengan demikian hipotesis pertama yang diajukan bahwa terdapat berpengaruh signifikan antara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":313,"width":309,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4.3.2. Pengaruh Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":325,"width":455,"height":61,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan korelasi sebesar 0,612 atau memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 37,5%. Pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006). Dengan demikian hipotesis kedua yang diajukan bahwa terdapat berpengaruh signifikan antara lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":395,"width":374,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4.3.3. Pengaruh Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":407,"width":455,"height":73,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Motivasi dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan diperoleh persamaan regresi Y = 10,163 + 0,422X1 + 0,338X2, nilai korelasi sebesar 0,745 atau memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 55,5% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 44,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain. Pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780). Dengan demikian hipotesis ketiga yang diajukan bahwa terdapat berpengaruh signifikan antara motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":489,"width":156,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":502,"width":79,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5.1. Kesimpulan","type":"List item"},{"left":86,"top":514,"width":440,"height":23,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 45,8%. Uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006).","type":"List item"},{"left":86,"top":540,"width":440,"height":22,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 37,5%. Uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006).","type":"List item"},{"left":86,"top":565,"width":440,"height":35,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Motivasi dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 55,5% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 44,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain. Uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780).","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":609,"width":54,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5.2. Saran","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":622,"width":447,"height":60,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan motivasi bagi karyawan agar semangat bekerja dan memiliki kreatif dalam bekerja. Perlu pula kepekaan untuk sesegera mungkin membantu pekerjaan rekan kerja setelah pekerjaan sendiri selesai, sehingga disamping melakukan pekerjaan kantor, karyawan juga melakukan interaksi antara sesama karyawan.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":685,"width":441,"height":22,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Karyawan sebaiknya memiliki ruang kerja yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya dengan demikian mampu melaksanakan pekerjaannya dengan nyaman","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":710,"width":445,"height":61,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Kinerja karyawan menunjukkan hasil yang kurang memenuhi standar, dan adanya ketidak tepatan waktu karyawan dalam menyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan. Karyawan harus lebih sering diberikan training untuk melakukan ulasan mengenai standar yang harus dicapai. Pemberian training pun harus dilakukan pada waktu yang tepat agar seluruh karyawan dapat mengikutinya, atau training dapat dilakukan dalam dua sesi bagi karyawan departemen","type":"List item"},{"left":489,"top":39,"width":38,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Value","type":"Page header"},{"left":128,"top":54,"width":399,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":781,"width":98,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN : 1979 – 0643","type":"Page footer"},{"left":510,"top":781,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"86","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":793,"width":213,"height":14,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087","type":"Page footer"},{"left":104,"top":82,"width":423,"height":35,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"operasional. Pemimpin harus melakukan diskusi dengan karyawan untuk mengulas penyebab keterlambatan karyawan dalam menyelesaikan tugas, sehingga pada saat itu pula dapat dicari solusi yang tepat","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":132,"width":122,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"6. DAFTAR PUSTAKA","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":150,"width":370,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Algifari. (2015). “ Analisis Regresi untuk Bisnis dan Ekonomi” . Yogyakarta: BPFE.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":166,"width":453,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Arikunto, Suharsimi (2014). “ Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek” . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":187,"width":389,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Edi Sutrisno (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":206,"width":331,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Freed Luthans (2016) Organizational Behavior, McGraw-Hill, New York.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":225,"width":419,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gerry Dessler (2016) Human Resources Management , Prenticehall, London: International Inc.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":243,"width":351,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Griffin R.W., & Ronald, J.E. (2003). Dasar-Dasar Pemasaran . Jakarta: Raja","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":262,"width":391,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Handoko (2016) Manajemen Personalia dan Sumberdaya Manusia . Yogyakarta: BPFE.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":278,"width":360,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hasibuan (2016) “Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia”. Haji Masagung. Jakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":299,"width":378,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Henry Simamora (2005), Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia , STIE YKPN Bandung.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":318,"width":455,"height":23,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Imam Ghozali (2017). “ Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program SPSS”. Edisi Kelima. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Undip.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":349,"width":358,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Istijanto (2014) “ Riset Sumber Daya Manusia”. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":368,"width":454,"height":23,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Mangkunegara, Prabu Anwar. (2016). Evaluasi Kinerja SDM . Cetakan ke tujuh, PT Refika Aditama: Bandung.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":399,"width":348,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Nitisemito, Alek.S, (2010), Manajemen Personalia , Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":418,"width":454,"height":22,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rivai Veithzal (2015) Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan . Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":449,"width":454,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rivai Veithzal (2015) Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan . Penerbit PT Raja","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":462,"width":146,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2010.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":480,"width":362,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Robbins, Stephen, P. 2003. Prinsip-Prinsip Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta: Erlangga","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":499,"width":436,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Santoso, Singgih (2015). “ Menguasai Statistik Multivariat” . Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":518,"width":375,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sedarmayanti. (2009). Tata Kerja dan Produktivitas Kerja . Bandung: Mandar Maju.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":536,"width":345,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Siagian, S (2007). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":555,"width":381,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Siagian, Sondang P. 2003. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":574,"width":347,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sinamo, J. (2011). Delapan Etos Kerja Profesional. Jakarta: Institut","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":592,"width":248,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sudjana (2014) “ Metode Statistika” , Bandung: Tarsido.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":611,"width":448,"height":23,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sugiyono (2017), “ Metode Penelitian Administrasi : dilengkapi dengan Metode R & D”. Bandung: Alfabeta.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":642,"width":454,"height":36,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sunarsi, D., & Erlangga, A. (2020). The Effect of Leadership Style and Work Environment on the Performance of Stationary Pump Operators in the Water Resources Office of West Jakarta City Administration. International Journal of Advances in Social and Economics, 2(3).","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":686,"width":454,"height":23,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sutrisno, S., & Sunarsi, D. (2019). The Effect of Work Motivation and Discipline on Employee Productivity at PT. Anugerah Agung in Jakarta. Jurnal Ad'ministrare, 6(2), 187-196.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":718,"width":382,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sunarsi, D. (2019). Seminar Sumber Daya Manusia. Tangerang Selatan: Unpam Press","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":736,"width":454,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sunarsi, D. (2018). Buku Ajar: Seminar Perencanaan Sumber Daya Manusia. Tangerang Selatan:","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":749,"width":88,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Asmoro Mediatama","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 489,\n \"top\": 39,\n \"width\": 38,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Value\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 128,\n \"top\": 54,\n \"width\": 399,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN : 1979 – 0643\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"80\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 87,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 424,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. BANGUN JAYA PERSADA DI JAKARTA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 244,\n \"top\": 121,\n \"width\": 111,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hafis Laksmana Nuraldy\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 175,\n \"top\": 132,\n \"width\": 248,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan dosen02460@unpam.ac.id\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 271,\n \"top\": 168,\n \"width\": 56,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ABSTRAK\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 186,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Bangun Jaya Persada di Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan teknik analisis menggunakan analisis statistik dengan pengujian regresi, korelasi, determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 45,8%, uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006). Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 37,5%, uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006). Motivasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 55,5%, uji hipotesis diperoleh F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 306,\n \"width\": 283,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kata Kunci: Motivasi, Lingkungan kerja, Kinerja Karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 325,\n \"width\": 106,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"I. PENDAHULUAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 337,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 112,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sumber daya manusia merupakan aset terpenting perusahaan karena perannya sebagai subyek pelaksana kebijakan dan kegiatan operasional perusahaan. Agar perusahaan tetap eksis maka harus berani menghadapi tantangan dan implikasinya yaitu menghadapi perubahan dan memenangkan persaingan. Tumbuh dan berkembangnya organisasi tergantung pada sumber daya manusia. Oleh karena itu sumber daya manusia merupakan aset yang harus ditingkatkan secara efektif dan efisien sehingga akan terwujud kinerja yang optimal. Untuk mencapai dimaksud, organisasi dalam hal ini perusahaan harus mampu menciptakan situasi dan kondisi yang mendorong dan memungkinkan karyawan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan keterampilan secara optimal, khususnya dalam hal kinerja. Maka organisasi perlu memperhatikan motivasi dan lingkungan kerja karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 451,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kinerja merupakan tindakan-tindakan atau pelaksanaan tugas yang dilakukan oleh seseorang dalam kurun waktu tertentu dan dapat diukur. Kinerja karyawan yang merupakan hasil olah pikir dan tenaga dari seorang karyawan terhadap pekerjaan yang dilakukannya, dapat berujud, dilihat, dihitung jumlahnya, akan tetapi dalam banyak hal hasil olah pikiran dan tenaga tidak dapat dihitung dan dilihat, seperti ide-ide pemecahan suatu persoalan, inovasi baru suatu produk barang atau jasa, bisa juga merupakan penemuan atas prosedur kerja yang lebih efisien.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 527,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Motivasi merupakan sebuah dorongan yang tumbuh dalam diri seseorang. Baik yang berasal dari dalam maupun dari luar dirinya untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan dengan semangat tinggi menggunakan semua kemampuan dan ketrampilan yang dimilikinya guna mencapai tujuan organisasi. Permasalahan yang paling utama adalah meningkatkan efektifitas kinerja para karyawannya PT. Bangun Jaya Persada melalui kualitas pelayanan kepada konsumen yang optimal dan menjaga peringkat perusahaan agar tetap baik. Pelanggan atau klien sangat penting dalam bisnis dan memerlukan perhatian khusus.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 616,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Manajemen harus memastikan bahwa karyawannya mampu melayani pelanggan dengan baik, sehingga pelanggan merasa puas dengan perusahaan, tetapi pada kenyataannya terdapat beberapa karyawan yang tidak bekerja sesuai standar yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan, tingginya tingkat keterlambatan karyawan hal ini membuktikan bahwa kinerja karyawan masih belum sesuai harapan dapat dibuktikan dengan melihat data absensi karyawan yang menunjukan bahwa banyak karyawan yang bekerja tidak sesuai dengan standar perusahaan dan banyaknya tingkat absensi karyawan, terutama keterlambatan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 704,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Selain faktor motivasi lingkungan kerja tempat karyawan tersebut bekerja juga tidak kalah pentingnya dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Lingkungan kerja adalah segala sesuatu yang ada disekitar para pekerjaan dan yang dapat mempengaruhi dirinya dalam menjalankan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan. Lingkungan kerja yang sesuai dapat mendukung pelaksanaan kerja sehingga karyawan memiliki semangat bekerja dan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 489,\n \"top\": 39,\n \"width\": 38,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Value\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 128,\n \"top\": 54,\n \"width\": 399,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN : 1979 – 0643\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"81\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 128,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 97,\n \"width\": 67,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2.1. Motivasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 110,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengertian motivasi merupakan suatu perubahan yang terjadi pada diri seseorang yang muncul adanya gejala perasaan, kejiwaan dan emosi sehingga mendorong individu untuk melakukan atau bertindak sesuatu yang disebabkan karna kebutuhan, keinginan dan tujuan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 148,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Stepan P. Robbins dalam Wibowo (2011:378) menyatakan motivasi sebagai proses yang menyebabkan intensitas, arah, dan usaha terus-menerus individu menuju pencapaian tujuan. Intensitas menunjukan seberapa keras seseorang berusaha tetapi intensitas tinggi tidak mungkin mengarah pada hasil kinerja yang baik, kecuali usaha dilakukan dalam arah yang menghitungkan organisasi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 217,\n \"width\": 113,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2.2. Lingkungan Kerja\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 230,\n \"width\": 440,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Sedarmayanti (2009:28) indicator lingkungan kerja terbagi menjadi dua lingkungan, yaitu lingkungan fisik dan non fisik yaitu sebagai berikut :\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 255,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Hubungan Antara Karyawan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 107,\n \"top\": 268,\n \"width\": 419,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dari pendapat Sedarmayanti (2009:28) tentang lingkungan kerja diharapkan terciptanya lingkungan kerja yang kondusif sehingga karyawan akan lebih betah dalam melakukan pekerjaan. Dari pendapat peneliti mengambil indikaor yaitu suasana kerja, hubungan kerja, rekan kerja, tersedianya fasilitas kerja, penerangan sirkulasi udara, kebisingan, bau tidak sedap dan keamanan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 331,\n \"width\": 207,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b. Penerangan atau Cahaya di Tempat Kerja\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 107,\n \"top\": 344,\n \"width\": 419,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cahaya atau penerangan sangat besar manfaatnya bagi karyawan guna mendapat keselamatan dan kelancaran kerja, oleh sebab itu perlu diperhatikan adanya penerangan (cahaya) yang terang tetapi tidak menyilaukan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 381,\n \"width\": 146,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c. Keamanan di Tempat Kerja\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 107,\n \"top\": 394,\n \"width\": 419,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Guna menjaga tempat dan kondisi lingkungan kerja tetap dalam keadan aman maka perlu diperhatikan adanya keamanan dalam bekerja. Oleh karena itu faktor keamanan perlu diwujudkan keberadaanya. Salah satu upaya untuk menjaga keamanan ditempat kerja, dapat memanfaatkan tenaga satuan petugas pengamanan (satpam).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 445,\n \"width\": 167,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"d. Sirkulasi Udara di Tempat Kerja\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 107,\n \"top\": 457,\n \"width\": 419,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Oksigen merupakan gas yang dibutuhkan oleh makhluk hidup untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidup, yaitu untuk proses metabolisme udara di sekitar dikatakan kotor apabila kadar oksigen dalam udara tersebut berkurang dan telah bercampur gas atau bau-bau yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 514,\n \"width\": 112,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2.3. Kinerja Karyawan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 107,\n \"top\": 530,\n \"width\": 386,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Anwar Prabu Mangkunegara (2009:75) mengemukakan bahwa indikator kinerja, yaitu:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 542,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Kualitas Kerja\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 555,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kualiatas kerja adalah seberapa baik seorang karyawan mengerjakan apa yang harus dikerjakan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 580,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b. Kuantitas Kerja\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 592,\n \"width\": 425,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kuantitas kerja adalah seberapa lama seorang karyawan bekerja dalam satu harinya. Kuantitas kerja ini dapat dilihat dari kecepatan kerja setiap karyawan itu masing-masing.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 616,\n \"width\": 97,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c. Pelaksanaan Tugas\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 628,\n \"width\": 425,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pelaksanaan tugas adalah seberapa jauh karyawan mampu melakukan pekerjaannya dengan akurat atau tidak ada kesalahan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 653,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"d. Tanggung Jawab\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 665,\n \"width\": 425,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tanggung jawab terhadap pekerjaan adalah seberapa jauh karyawan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan yang diberikan perusahaan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 695,\n \"width\": 140,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. METODE PENELITIAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 710,\n \"width\": 64,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3.1. Populasi\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 725,\n \"width\": 384,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 56 responden PT. Bangun Jaya Persada di Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 489,\n \"top\": 39,\n \"width\": 38,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Value\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 128,\n \"top\": 54,\n \"width\": 399,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN : 1979 – 0643\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"82\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 56,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3.2. Sampel\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 94,\n \"width\": 432,\n \"height\": 33,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Teknik pengambilan sampling dalam penelitian ini adalah sample jenuh, dimana semua anggota populasi di jadikan sebagai sampel. Dengan demikian sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 56 responden.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 133,\n \"width\": 96,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3.3. Jenis Penelitian\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 145,\n \"width\": 432,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jenis penelitian yang dipakai adalah asosiatif, dimana tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat baik parsial maupun simultan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 172,\n \"width\": 119,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3.4. Metode Analisis Data\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 184,\n \"width\": 432,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam menganalisis data digunakan uji instrumen, uji asumsi klasik, regresi, koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 220,\n \"width\": 126,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4. HASIL PENELITIAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 235,\n \"width\": 109,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4.1. Analisis Deskriptif\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 247,\n \"width\": 431,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pada pengujian ini digunakan untuk mengetahui skor minimum dan maksimum, mean score dan standar deviasi dari masing-masing variabel. Adapun hasilnya sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 89,\n \"top\": 277,\n \"width\": 373,\n \"height\": 87,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 1. Hasil Analisis Descriptive Statistics Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Motivasi (X1) 56 32 48 38.59 4.225 Lingkungan kerja (X2) 56 31 48 38.39 3.883 Kinerja Karyawan (Y) 56 33 46 39.41 3.617 Valid N (listwise) 56\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 380,\n \"width\": 431,\n \"height\": 57,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Motivasi diperoleh varians minimum sebesar 32 dan varians maximum 48 dengan mean score sebesar 3,86 dengan standar deviasi 4,225. Lingkungan kerja diperoleh varians minimum sebesar 31 dan varians maximum 48 dengan mean score sebesar 3,84 dengan standar deviasi 3,883. Kinerja karyawan diperoleh varians minimum sebesar 33 dan varians maximum 46 dengan mean score sebesar 3,94 dengan standar deviasi 3,617.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 440,\n \"width\": 114,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4.2. Analisis Verifikatif.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 452,\n \"width\": 432,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pada analisis ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Adapun hasil pengujian sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 476,\n \"width\": 165,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 108,\n \"top\": 488,\n \"width\": 418,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Uji regresi ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui perubahan variabel dependen jika variabel independen mengalami perubahan. Adapun hasil pengujiannya sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 211,\n \"top\": 518,\n \"width\": 212,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 2. Hasil Pengujian Regresi Linier Berganda\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 531,\n \"width\": 366,\n \"height\": 81,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 10.163 3.654 2.781 .007 Motivasi (X1) .422 .091 .493 4.637 .000 Lingkungan kerja (X2) .338 .099 .363 3.414 .001\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 616,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan (Y)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 635,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh persamaan regresi Y = 10,163 + 0,422X1 + 0,338X2. Dari persamaan tersebut dijelaskan sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 660,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1) Konstanta sebesar 10,163 diartikan jika motivasi dan lingkungan kerja tidak ada, maka telah terdapat nilai kinerja karyawan sebesar 10,163 point.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 685,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2) Koefisien regresi motivasi sebesar 0,422, angka ini positif artinya setiap ada peningkatan motivasi sebesar 0,422 maka kinerja karyawan juga akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,422 point.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 723,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3) Koefisien regresi lingkungan kerja sebesar 0,338, angka ini positif artinya setiap ada peningkatan lingkungan kerja sebesar 0,338 maka kinerja karyawan juga akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,338 point.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 489,\n \"top\": 39,\n \"width\": 38,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Value\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 128,\n \"top\": 54,\n \"width\": 399,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN : 1979 – 0643\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"83\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 142,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b. Analisis Koefisien Korelasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 108,\n \"top\": 94,\n \"width\": 418,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Analisis koefisien korelasi dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui tingkat kekuatan hubungan dari variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Adapun hasil pengujian sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 132,\n \"top\": 138,\n \"width\": 370,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 3. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Korelasi Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 250,\n \"top\": 151,\n \"width\": 69,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Correlations b\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 166,\n \"width\": 366,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Motivasi (X1) Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Motivasi (X1) Pearson Correlation 1 .676 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Pearson Correlation .676 ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 240,\n \"width\": 217,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). b. Listwise N=56\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 267,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,676 artinya motivasi memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap kinerja karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 295,\n \"width\": 408,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 4. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Korelasi Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 309,\n \"width\": 359,\n \"height\": 81,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Correlations b Lingkungan kerja (X2) Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Lingkungan kerja (X2) Pearson Correlation 1 .612 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Pearson Correlation .612 ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 397,\n \"width\": 217,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). b. Listwise N=56\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 418,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,612 artinya lingkungan kerja memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap kinerja karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 109,\n \"top\": 450,\n \"width\": 409,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 5. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Korelasi Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja secara simultan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 242,\n \"top\": 481,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Model Summary\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 493,\n \"width\": 365,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .745 a .555 .539 2.457\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 526,\n \"width\": 251,\n \"height\": 8,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja (X2), Motivasi (X1)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 543,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,745 artinya motivasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap kinerja karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 90,\n \"top\": 581,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c. Analisis Koefisien Determinasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 594,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Analisis koefisien determinasi dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui besarnya persentase pengaruh dari variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Adapun hasil pengujian sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 120,\n \"top\": 644,\n \"width\": 386,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 6. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 239,\n \"top\": 663,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Model Summary\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 675,\n \"width\": 358,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .676 a .458 .447 2.689\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 708,\n \"width\": 158,\n \"height\": 8,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Predictors: (Constant), Motivasi (X1)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 725,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai determinasi sebesar 0,458 artinya motivasi memiliki kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 45,8% terhadap kinerja karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 489,\n \"top\": 39,\n \"width\": 38,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Value\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 128,\n \"top\": 54,\n \"width\": 399,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN : 1979 – 0643\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"84\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 101,\n \"top\": 81,\n \"width\": 425,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 7. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 239,\n \"top\": 100,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Model Summary\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 112,\n \"width\": 358,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .612 a .375 .363 2.886\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 145,\n \"width\": 193,\n \"height\": 8,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja (X2)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 162,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai determinasi sebesar 0,375 artinya lingkungan kerja memiliki kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 37,5% terhadap kinerja karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 194,\n \"width\": 410,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 8. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan . Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .745 a .555 .539 2.457\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 271,\n \"width\": 251,\n \"height\": 8,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja (X2), Motivasi (X1)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 288,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai determinasi sebesar 0,555 artinya motivasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan memiliki kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 55,5% terhadap kinerja karyawan, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 44,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 332,\n \"width\": 141,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"d. Uji Hipotesis Uji hipotesis Parsial (Uji t)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 108,\n \"top\": 357,\n \"width\": 418,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengujian hipotesis dengan uji t digunakan untuk mengetahui hipotesis parsial mana yang diterima. Hipotesis pertama: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 164,\n \"top\": 401,\n \"width\": 299,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 9. Hasil Uji Hipotesis Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 415,\n \"width\": 366,\n \"height\": 69,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 17.063 3.331 5.122 .000 Motivasi (X1) .579 .086 .676 6.748 .000\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 487,\n \"width\": 182,\n \"height\": 8,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan (Y)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 504,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006), dengan demikian hipotesis pertama yang diajukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan atara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 548,\n \"width\": 340,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 10. Hasil Uji Hipotesis Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 564,\n \"width\": 366,\n \"height\": 70,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 17.516 3.867 4.530 .000 Lingkungan kerja (X2) .570 .100 .612 5.690 .000\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 637,\n \"width\": 182,\n \"height\": 8,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan (Y)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 654,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006), dengan demikian hipotesis kedua yang diajukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan atara lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 698,\n \"width\": 140,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Uji Hipotesis Simultan (Uji F)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 710,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengujian hipotesis dengan uji F digunakan untuk mengetahui hipotesis simultan yang mana yang diterima. Hipotesis ketiga Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 489,\n \"top\": 39,\n \"width\": 38,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Value\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 128,\n \"top\": 54,\n \"width\": 399,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN : 1979 – 0643\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"85\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 112,\n \"top\": 81,\n \"width\": 403,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 11. Hasil Uji Hipotesis Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 98,\n \"width\": 363,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 399.565 2 199.783 33.090 .000 b Residual 319.988 53 6.038 Total 719.554 55\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 178,\n \"width\": 426,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780), dengan demikian hipotesis ketiga yang diajukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan atara motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 228,\n \"width\": 212,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4.3. PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELITIAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 244,\n \"width\": 265,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4.3.1. Pengaruh Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 256,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan korelasi sebesar 0,676 atau memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 45,8%. Pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006). Dengan demikian hipotesis pertama yang diajukan bahwa terdapat berpengaruh signifikan antara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 313,\n \"width\": 309,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4.3.2. Pengaruh Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 325,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan korelasi sebesar 0,612 atau memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 37,5%. Pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006). Dengan demikian hipotesis kedua yang diajukan bahwa terdapat berpengaruh signifikan antara lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 395,\n \"width\": 374,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4.3.3. Pengaruh Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 407,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Motivasi dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan diperoleh persamaan regresi Y = 10,163 + 0,422X1 + 0,338X2, nilai korelasi sebesar 0,745 atau memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 55,5% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 44,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain. Pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780). Dengan demikian hipotesis ketiga yang diajukan bahwa terdapat berpengaruh signifikan antara motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 489,\n \"width\": 156,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 502,\n \"width\": 79,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5.1. Kesimpulan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 514,\n \"width\": 440,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 45,8%. Uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 540,\n \"width\": 440,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 37,5%. Uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 565,\n \"width\": 440,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Motivasi dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 55,5% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 44,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain. Uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 609,\n \"width\": 54,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5.2. Saran\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 622,\n \"width\": 447,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan motivasi bagi karyawan agar semangat bekerja dan memiliki kreatif dalam bekerja. Perlu pula kepekaan untuk sesegera mungkin membantu pekerjaan rekan kerja setelah pekerjaan sendiri selesai, sehingga disamping melakukan pekerjaan kantor, karyawan juga melakukan interaksi antara sesama karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 685,\n \"width\": 441,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Karyawan sebaiknya memiliki ruang kerja yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya dengan demikian mampu melaksanakan pekerjaannya dengan nyaman\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 710,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Kinerja karyawan menunjukkan hasil yang kurang memenuhi standar, dan adanya ketidak tepatan waktu karyawan dalam menyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan. Karyawan harus lebih sering diberikan training untuk melakukan ulasan mengenai standar yang harus dicapai. Pemberian training pun harus dilakukan pada waktu yang tepat agar seluruh karyawan dapat mengikutinya, atau training dapat dilakukan dalam dua sesi bagi karyawan departemen\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 489,\n \"top\": 39,\n \"width\": 38,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Value\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 128,\n \"top\": 54,\n \"width\": 399,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN : 1979 – 0643\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"86\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 104,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 423,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"operasional. Pemimpin harus melakukan diskusi dengan karyawan untuk mengulas penyebab keterlambatan karyawan dalam menyelesaikan tugas, sehingga pada saat itu pula dapat dicari solusi yang tepat\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 132,\n \"width\": 122,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"6. DAFTAR PUSTAKA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 150,\n \"width\": 370,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Algifari. (2015). “ Analisis Regresi untuk Bisnis dan Ekonomi” . Yogyakarta: BPFE.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 166,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Arikunto, Suharsimi (2014). “ Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek” . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 187,\n \"width\": 389,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Edi Sutrisno (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 206,\n \"width\": 331,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Freed Luthans (2016) Organizational Behavior, McGraw-Hill, New York.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 225,\n \"width\": 419,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gerry Dessler (2016) Human Resources Management , Prenticehall, London: International Inc.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 243,\n \"width\": 351,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Griffin R.W., & Ronald, J.E. (2003). Dasar-Dasar Pemasaran . Jakarta: Raja\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 262,\n \"width\": 391,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Handoko (2016) Manajemen Personalia dan Sumberdaya Manusia . Yogyakarta: BPFE.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 278,\n \"width\": 360,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hasibuan (2016) “Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia”. Haji Masagung. Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 299,\n \"width\": 378,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Henry Simamora (2005), Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia , STIE YKPN Bandung.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 318,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Imam Ghozali (2017). “ Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program SPSS”. Edisi Kelima. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Undip.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 349,\n \"width\": 358,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Istijanto (2014) “ Riset Sumber Daya Manusia”. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 368,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Mangkunegara, Prabu Anwar. (2016). Evaluasi Kinerja SDM . Cetakan ke tujuh, PT Refika Aditama: Bandung.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 399,\n \"width\": 348,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Nitisemito, Alek.S, (2010), Manajemen Personalia , Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 418,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rivai Veithzal (2015) Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan . Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 449,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rivai Veithzal (2015) Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan . Penerbit PT Raja\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 462,\n \"width\": 146,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2010.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 480,\n \"width\": 362,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Robbins, Stephen, P. 2003. Prinsip-Prinsip Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta: Erlangga\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 499,\n \"width\": 436,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Santoso, Singgih (2015). “ Menguasai Statistik Multivariat” . Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 518,\n \"width\": 375,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sedarmayanti. (2009). Tata Kerja dan Produktivitas Kerja . Bandung: Mandar Maju.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 536,\n \"width\": 345,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Siagian, S (2007). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 555,\n \"width\": 381,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Siagian, Sondang P. 2003. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 574,\n \"width\": 347,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sinamo, J. (2011). Delapan Etos Kerja Profesional. Jakarta: Institut\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 592,\n \"width\": 248,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sudjana (2014) “ Metode Statistika” , Bandung: Tarsido.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 611,\n \"width\": 448,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sugiyono (2017), “ Metode Penelitian Administrasi : dilengkapi dengan Metode R & D”. Bandung: Alfabeta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 642,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sunarsi, D., & Erlangga, A. (2020). The Effect of Leadership Style and Work Environment on the Performance of Stationary Pump Operators in the Water Resources Office of West Jakarta City Administration. International Journal of Advances in Social and Economics, 2(3).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 686,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sutrisno, S., & Sunarsi, D. (2019). The Effect of Work Motivation and Discipline on Employee Productivity at PT. Anugerah Agung in Jakarta. Jurnal Ad'ministrare, 6(2), 187-196.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 718,\n \"width\": 382,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sunarsi, D. (2019). Seminar Sumber Daya Manusia. Tangerang Selatan: Unpam Press\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 736,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sunarsi, D. (2018). Buku Ajar: Seminar Perencanaan Sumber Daya Manusia. Tangerang Selatan:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 749,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Asmoro Mediatama\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1898,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"6045d054-6c6d-d68b-81b6-fd5152d39881"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://jlsuboptimal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jlso/article/download/530/493"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":85,"top":38,"width":335,"height":44,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands ISSN: 2252-6188 (Print), ISSN: 2302-3015 (Online, www.jlsuboptimal.unsri.ac.id) Vol. 10, No.2: 202−213 Oktober 2021 DOI: 10.36706/JLSO.10.2.2021.530","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":99,"width":441,"height":29,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Development Model of Food Crop in Suboptimal Area Based on Farmers Corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra","type":"Section header"},{"left":88,"top":144,"width":437,"height":25,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Model Pengembangan Kawasan Tanaman Pangan pada Area Lahan Suboptimal Berbasis Korporasi Petani di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan","type":"Text"},{"left":125,"top":181,"width":360,"height":15,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Riswani Riswani 1*) , Yunita Yunita 1 , Henny Malini 1 , Thirtawati Thirtawati 1","type":"Text"},{"left":123,"top":209,"width":370,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1 Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, 30862, South Sumatra, Indonesia","type":"Text"},{"left":209,"top":222,"width":195,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"*) Corresponding author: riswani@fp.unsri.ac.id","type":"Text"},{"left":184,"top":249,"width":244,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(Received: 5 February 2021, Accepted: 17 September 2021)","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":275,"width":443,"height":32,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Citation : Riswani R, Yunita Y, Malini H, Thirtawati T. 2021. Development model of food crop in suboptimal area based on farmers corporation in Ogan Ilir regency, South Sumatra. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands . 10 (2): 202−213. DOI: 10.36706/JLSO.10.2.2021.530.","type":"Text"},{"left":276,"top":324,"width":61,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ABSTRAK","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":351,"width":446,"height":287,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Penelitian ini dilakukan berbasis pada kondisi pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan wilayah yang saat ini masih belum dilakukan dengan pola pengusahaan yang masih tersebar dan masih lemahnya pemberdayaan kelembagaan di tingkat petani, sehingga tidak efisien dalam pengusahaan khususnya pada lahan-lahan yang masih terkategori suboptimal. Berbasis pada kondisi tersebut maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan model pengembangan kawasan pertanian tanaman pangan pada sera lahan suboptimal yang berorientasi pada koorporasi petani. Analisis masalah guna pencapaian tujuan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif namun tetap dilakukan penggunaaan rumus matematis yang relevan. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan dapat disusun program aplikatif untuk pengembangan kawasan pertanian berbasis korporasi petani di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir yang dibuat berdasarkan strategi pendekatan yang telah disusun, yaitu berbasis pada pendekatan politik, teknokratis, keterpaduan top down policy-bottom up planning dan partisipatif. Adapun kelompok program yang ditekomendasikan terbagi atas program optimalisasi ketersediaan input produksi, program pengembangan budidaya padi dan sarana prasarana pendukungnya, program pemberantasan hama dan penyakit tanaman padi, program perbaikan dan pemberdayaan lembaga tani, program perbaikan dan peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani, program perbaikan panen dan pasca panen, program perbaikan pemasaran, program perbaikan infrastruktur penunjang, dan program pengembangan permodalan. Adapun lokasi pengembangan dan penerapan program difokuskan pada wilayah Kecamatan Muara Kuang, Pemulutan, Lubuk Keliat, Indralaya dan Pemulutan Selatan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":641,"width":277,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kata kunci: kawasan, koorporasi petani, tanaman pangan","type":"Text"},{"left":272,"top":669,"width":68,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ABSTRACT","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":697,"width":443,"height":66,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"This research was conducted based on the condition of fulfilling the food needs of the region, which was currently not being carried out with the distribution pattern and weak institutional Strengtening at the farmer level, so that its utilization was not yet efficient in exploitation especially on suboptimal land. Based on this, the main objective of this study was to formulate a model for the development of food crop agricultural areas on","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"203","type":"Page header"},{"left":163,"top":38,"width":283,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":443,"height":177,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"suboptimal land oriented to farmer corporations. This research used qualitative methods but the relevant mathematical formulas were still used. From the result of the analysis, an applicative program for the development of agricultural areas based on farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency was compiled, which was based on a political, technocratic approach, integration of top down policy-bottom up planning and participatory. The recommended program group was divided into programs for optimizing the availability of production inputs, developing rice cultivation and supporting infrastructure, controlling pests and diseases of rice plants, improving and empowering farmer institutions, improving and increasing farmers' knowledge and skills, improving harvest and post-harvest, improving marketing, improvement of supporting infrastructure, and development of capital. The location for the development and implementation of the program was focused on the districts of Muara Kuang, Pemulutan, Lubuk Keliat, Indralaya and Pemulutan Selatan. Keywords: farmer corporation, food crop area, food crop","type":"Text"},{"left":143,"top":267,"width":99,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"INTRODUCTION","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":294,"width":215,"height":384,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"One of the challenges in agricultural development today is how to provide food needs, supply industrial raw materials and increase the export of agricultural commodities, particularly in strategic commodity groups and regional superiority, such as food crops. According Iyan (2014) and Octavia et al. (2015), one of the superior crops in South Sumatra is food crops. In order to answer these challenges, as well as increase agricultural production in food crop commodities, agricultural development on food crops on an economic scale must be carried out through regional planning in the field of food crops in a comprehensive and integrated manner in line with governance in the era of regional autonomy. For this reason, Muara Enim Regency Investment Service and One Stop Integrated Services (2018) explain that agricultural development policies, especially food crops, are needed which are in line with regional development principles. The Ministry of Agriculture (2018) answer this challenge by issuing a policy to guide the development of agriculture in which one of them is to crop the regional pattern, called the crop area.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":681,"width":215,"height":80,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia No. 18/2018, define food crop areas as a combination of food crop centers that meet the minimum economic scale of exploitation and the effectiveness of","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":267,"width":215,"height":163,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"regional development management in a sustainable manner and are functionally related in terms of natural resource potential, socio-cultural conditions, production factors and the existence of supporting infrastructure. The current implementation of agricultural area development must be based on farmer corporations, and Arifien et al. (2012) and Suryani et al. (2020), said that types of plants that can be developed by farmers in their corporations are food plants.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":433,"width":215,"height":121,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"According to Faizah and Eko (2013) in the formation and development of agricultural areas based on farmer corporations, including the formation and development of food crop areas, an implementative plan is needed which can only be formulated through research and field studies, so that this plan can be used as an operational reference at the level.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":557,"width":215,"height":204,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Field in implementing programs and activities for the development of Corporate- Based Food Crops in a directed, focused, gradual and sustainable manner. The position of the farmer corporation as the driving force of the regional economy is the main key to success in realizing advanced, independent, and modern Indonesian agriculture (Gultom et al., 2020). Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra has relatively high potential in the field of food crop development and is dominated by suboptimal land About 65% of area in Ogan Ilir is sub optimal land (BPS Ogan Ilir, 2020). Under these conditions, it is","type":"Text"},{"left":149,"top":38,"width":314,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":510,"top":36,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"204","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":215,"height":135,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"appropriate to optimize the potential of existing food plant resources, especially in suboptimal lands, which are still widely distributed in this area, so that they can contribute more in the effort to increase the economic growth of the region and the welfare of the people, especially farmers. According Prayoga (2016) and Rahmi et al. (2015), suboptimal land is potential land for optimization of food crops.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":211,"width":216,"height":356,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Ratmini and Herwenita (2014), said that suboptimal land is one of the agroecosystems in South Sumatra which has the opportunity for agricultural development. With regard to these objectives as well as government directives set out in the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia No. 18/Permentan/RC.040/4/2018 in Central Bureau of Statistics of South Sumatra Province (2020), where to accelerate food self-sufficiency and grow farmer economic institutions, as well as to accelerate the implementation of agricultural development, it is necessary to conduct research on the development of food crop areas based on farmer corporations in areas with agricultural potential such as in the district Ogan Ilir. The direction of development must be in the form of a food crop area because in the marketing of agricultural products, especially food crops, the majority of entrepreneurs/buyers need products with large quantities, similar quality and continuity.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":570,"width":215,"height":190,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"This condition can only be supplied from farmers who are in a coordinated food crop area. This is because in one area, agro- climatically and agrosystems will be relatively similar in quality and quantity (Laili & Herman, 2018). Based on these conditions, this study aimed to (1) identify food crop commodities in Ogan Ilir Regency that have the potential to be developed with a farmer-based agricultural area development pattern; (2) mapping the food crop commodity and its development area with the concept of developing a food crop area based on a corporation in Ogan","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":73,"width":215,"height":94,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Ilir Regency, and (3) formulating a food crop area development model based on farmers’ corporations through formulating programs and activities that must be carried out in the development of food crop area based on farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency","type":"Text"},{"left":336,"top":184,"width":169,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"MATERIALS AND METHODS","type":"Section header"},{"left":313,"top":211,"width":215,"height":274,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"This study used a descriptive analytical design in the form of a survey method that aims to describe the existing conditions in detail and project future potential through analysis of the various variables to be tested. Survey research could provide a deeper picture of certain social symptoms or certain aspects of life in the community being studied and could clearly reveal the relationship between various social phenomena. The sample in this study was drawn using the Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling method with the stratification of member and non-member farmers from farmer groups as many as 30 people in each layer in the two sub-districts selected as the main rice producer in Ogan Ilir Regency. Thus, a sample size will be obtained representing the district as many as 120 rice farmers;","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":487,"width":215,"height":273,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The data collected were in this study were primary data obtained by means of direct observation and interviews with sample farmers using a questionnaire that has been prepared, and secondary data obtained from related agencies and from various literature sources related to this research. The data analysis method used were (i) Delphi analysis to obtain the factors causing the underdevelopment of food crop agricultural areas, (ii) cluster analysis to classify agricultural areas into several clusters based on factors that cause food crop agricultural areas to be less developed, (iii) triangulation analysis to formulate directions for the development of food crop agricultural areas in Ogan Ilir Regency. The data obtained in the field were then grouped using structured tabulation techniques and then analyzed.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"205","type":"Page header"},{"left":163,"top":38,"width":283,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":216,"height":218,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The analysis was carried out based on data analysis techniques according to Sugiyono (2019), namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification and recommendation formulation. Data analysis techniques used in this study included recapitulation of interview transcripts, data reduction, data analysis, data interpretation and triangulation. From the results of the data analysis, conclusions and recommendations could be drawn. Determination of the location for determining the location of the area was based on the criteria for determining the area stipulated in the Indonesian Minister of Agriculture Regulation","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":294,"width":216,"height":80,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"No.18/Permentan/RC.040/2018 concerning guidelines for developing agricultural areas based on farmer corporations. Furthermore, the processed data was interpreted systematically, then discussed in a descriptive, structured and systematic","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":73,"width":215,"height":94,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"manner. The results of the analysis and discussion were used to formulate a development model in the form of programs and activities that must be carried out in the development of a corporate-based food crop area in Ogan Ilir Regency, as well as its implementation management.","type":"Text"},{"left":392,"top":184,"width":61,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"RESULTS","type":"Section header"},{"left":313,"top":211,"width":215,"height":39,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Determination of Leading Food Commodities and Location of Area Development","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":253,"width":215,"height":107,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"From the application of the Delphi method and regional suitability analysis based on the regional criteria guidelines from the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture No.18/Permentan/RC.040/2018 based on Figure 1, it was determined that the superior commodities and development areas were presented in (Table 1).","type":"Text"},{"left":188,"top":570,"width":236,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 1. Illustration of determination of rice area location","type":"Caption"},{"left":85,"top":595,"width":442,"height":173,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 1. The type of determination of food commodities and development areas is based on the results of the Delphi method and area analysis Type of Commodity Location Priority Village Area (Ha) Area (Ha) Rice 1. Muara Kuang Seri Kembang, Tanabang Ulu, Sripadu, Suka Cinta, Kelampadu, Tanabang Ilir, Nagasari, Sukajadi. 11.846 2. Pemulutan Palu, Aurstanding, Pemulutan Ulu, Lebung Jangkar, Pelabuhan Dalam 11.014 3. Lubuk Keliat Lubuk Keliat, Ulak Kembahang, Embacang, Kasih Raja, Talang Tengah Laut 6.125 4. Indralaya Tunas Aur, Muara Penimbung Ilir, Muara Penimbung Ulu, Ulak Bedil, Sudi Mampir 6.076 5. Pemulutan Selatan Ulak Aur Standing, Kapuk, Segayam, Pematang Bungur, Maju Jaya 4.648","type":"Table"},{"left":123,"top":388,"width":202,"height":102,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Illustration of rice area in 1 city/ district city/district 1 area 2000 Ha city/district 2 area","type":"Picture"},{"left":222,"top":486,"width":86,"height":41,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2000 Ha 2000 Ha city/ district 3 area","type":"Table"},{"left":132,"top":401,"width":159,"height":147,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Illustration of intercity/district rice area 5000 Ha District/City Area","type":"Picture"},{"left":351,"top":454,"width":130,"height":75,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"In the inter-regency / city area, the minimum area of rice field in 1 regency/ city is 2000 ha, or if combined with other districts/cities area that is adjacent to the area is at least 5000 ha (2 districts) and 6000 ha (3 districts)","type":"Text"},{"left":149,"top":38,"width":314,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":510,"top":36,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"206","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":215,"height":39,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Regional Development Model through Determination of Programs and Action Plans","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":115,"width":216,"height":149,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"From the results of data analysis based on problems and regional conditions, as well as the application of the Delphi method, a development model is formulated through the formulation of programs and activities that must be carried out which consist of 9 main programs. The first program was optimizing the availability of production inputs, with the form of action plans and output indicators (Table 2). The second programs and activities that were","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":73,"width":215,"height":191,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"recommended to be carried out for the development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency was Development of Rice Cultivation and Supporting Facilities (Table 3). The development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency of course also have to pay attention Eradication of pests and diseases of rice (Table 4). Improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions were things that must also be considered in the development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation (Table 5).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":280,"width":463,"height":477,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 2. Optimizing the availability of production inputs Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Distribution of subsidized fertilizers in the right quantity, quality, on time & on price through the involvement of related institution & farmer institutions Subsidized rice fertilizer assistance to farmer groups according to RDKK Increase the quantity and quality of production from the use of fertilizers Increase the involvement of the district-level Fertilizer and Pesticide Supervisory Commission (KP3) and extension officers in monitoring and reporting the distribution of subsidized fertilizers. Subsidized rice fertilizer assistance to farmer groups according to RDKK Increase the quantity and quality of production from the use of fertilizers Training in making organic fertilizer based on local resources Training on making organic fertilizers Reduced production costs for farmers Providing assistance for integrated organic fertilizer application packages Integrated organic fertilizer application package assistance Reduced production costs for farmers & increased the quantity & quality Provision of soil processing machines, rice transplanter and combine harvester as needed Alsintan assistance according to the needs of each rice plant area Reduced production costs, efficiency & increased quantity & quality Facilitating the procurement of agricultural production equipment through the empowerment of CSR funds Alsintan assistance from the company's CSR funds Reduced production costs, efficiency, & increased quantity & quality Providing certified superior inbred rice seeds Package of certified superior hybrid rice seeds in each area Increasing the quantity & quality of production from the use of superior seeds Providing certified superior hybrid rice seeds Package of certified superior hybrid rice seeds in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of production Provision of organic rice seeds Package of organic rice seed in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of production Establishing village that produces its own seeds Availability of local seed production Establishment and development of villages that produce their own seeds Technology transfer collaboration with universities Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Making demonstration plots for superior variety seed technology testing as a result of university research on various ecosystems Technology test demonstration plot Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Development of a landless rice cultivation system The demonstration plot of landless rice cultivation Increasing the quantity and quality of production Increasing the number of seed breeders Seed breders Availability of local seed production","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"207","type":"Page header"},{"left":163,"top":38,"width":284,"height":9,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":218,"height":149,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions could affect the level of knowledge and skills of farmers. Table 6 showed programs related to efforts to improve skills and knowledge of farmers. In this case, the action plan activities involve parties that were directly involved in increasing the knowledge of farmers, such as extension workers, farmer group associations, to banking institutions as providers of capital.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":225,"width":215,"height":52,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Harvest and post-harvest improvements and marketing action plan activities could be seen in Table 7 and 8. The development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":73,"width":218,"height":94,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"in Ogan Ilir Regency was difficult to achieve without supported by infrastructure development and capital development. Pantouw et al. (2018) explained that infrastructure was indispensable in regional development. Table 9 presented the action plan activities in infrastructure development.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":170,"width":215,"height":94,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The cooperation between farmer groups and banks or other capital institutions was very important, because the availability of capital was often a major problem for farmers in carrying out their farming. Table 10 showed the action plan activities in capital development.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":294,"width":442,"height":455,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"T able 3. Development of rice cultivation and supporting facilities Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Training on the application of GAP for rice in each area Training activities in each area Rice GAP application in farmer's land Construction of embankments on tidal and lowland rice fields Construction of embankments on tidal and lowlands as needed Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Repair and dredging of tertiary channels (micro water systems), especially in tidal areas Dredging and cleaning of tertiary channels (micro water system) Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Assistance in making drilling wells and water pumps as needed Assistance of drilling wells and water pumps in each area as needed Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Rehabilitation of water channels (irrigation networks) according to land types Rehabilitation of water channels (irrigation networks) according to land type Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Construction and rehabilitation of floodgates rehabilitation of floodgates Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Manufacture of a piping system The piping system on water- deficient land Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Rotating water management training for members of farmer groups/P3A Water management training for each group of water users Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Additional land area by means of paddy fields printing activities Print the fields in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of production Repair and construction of farm roads (JUT) Repair and construction of farm roads (JUT) Production distribution becomes trouble-free and transportation costs are cheap Development of floating rice cultivation Floating rice cultivation demonstration plot Increasing the quantity and quality of rice Development of wetland rice cultivation technology based on submerged stress tolerant rice varieties The demonstration plot for rice cultivation was tolerant of submerged stress Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Providing dolomite assistance on acidic land categories Dolomite assistance in each area as needed Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production","type":"Table"},{"left":149,"top":38,"width":314,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":510,"top":36,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"208","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":440,"height":390,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 4. Eradication of pests and diseases of rice Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Training on biological control of food crop pests based on indigenous entomopathogens Biological control training in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Training on making organic pesticides (biopesticides) and providing biopesticide packages Training on making organic pesticides in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Integrated pest eradication training Integrated pest eradication training Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Facilitate rat eradication (gropyokan) activities rat eradication (gropyokan) activities Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Table 5. Improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Training to improve management skills and group development in farmer institutions Group management training Farmer groups have professional management Competitive assessment of farmer group activeness in the development of rice farming Gapoktan Activity Competition Increased group activity Establishment of farmer cooperatives & Bumdes Farmers' cooperatives and Bumdes founded Bumdes Fostering and empowering food barns Active food barns Achieving village food security Giving awards for active farmer institutions Award ceremony Increased farmer motivation Table 6. Increased knowledge and skills of farmers Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Extension & training on rice farming according to GAP, pest & disease control,","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":466,"width":158,"height":20,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"harvest management, downstream rice industry, access to market cooperation,","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":442,"width":434,"height":314,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"capital management and access to capital, institutional management and finance, online marketing training according to needs every month for each Extension Officer and area Farmers in the area who have cultivation knowledge and skills according to GAP and good management skills Participation of farmers in exhibitions, farmer gatherings, PENAS, apprenticeships and comparative studies Exhibition activities, farmer gatherings, internships and comparative studies with groups in each area Farmers in the area who have cultivation knowledge and skills according to GAP and management capabilities provide food security award Participation in the food security competition Increased farmer motivation and insight Table 7. Harvest and post-harvest improvements Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome providing rice drying equipment as needed providing rice drying equipment Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production providing tarpaulin providing tarpaulin Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production providing rice huller machine as needed providing rice huller machine Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Training to improve harvest systems and good post-harvest processing Training to improve harvest systems and good post-harvest processing Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"209","type":"Page header"},{"left":163,"top":38,"width":283,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":436,"height":369,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 8. Marketing improvement Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Implementation of rice quality standardization Standardization of rice quality Classification of rice in the market according to quality Training on rice packaging and providing market-oriented rice packaging assistance Rice packaging training and market-oriented rice packaging assistance Production of local premium rice Training in determining the standardization of rice Rice standardization training Classification of rice according to quality Table 9. Supporting infrastructure improvements Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Improvement of farm roads Improve farming roads Production distribution is operating well Facilitating cooperation with transportation companies Facilitating cooperation with transportation companies Production distribution is operating well Table 10. Capital development Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Facilitating cooperation between farmer groups and banks or other capital institutions The establishment of cooperation between farmer groups and banks Farming scale development Facilitating farmer land certification The farmer's land has a certificate Farmers are able to access capital from the Bank Bankable rice farming management training Bankable rice farming management training Farmers are able to access capital from the Bank Establishment of Bumdes/farmer corporations Establishment of Bumdes/farmer corporation Farming scale development","type":"Table"},{"left":154,"top":460,"width":76,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"DISCUSSION","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":487,"width":215,"height":66,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The results of the research are presented in Table 1 and Table 2 which are arranged in the form of agricultural programs and activities in the Design of Farmers Corporation-Based Food Crop Area","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":556,"width":215,"height":204,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Development Model in Ogan Ilir Regency. Agricultural programs and activities are arranged according to the nomenclature of programs and activities in the Ministry of Agriculture and in accordance with the objectives of regional development. To ensure consistency with the Master Plan at the provincial level, the program targets referred to in the program and action plan for the development of Farmers Corporation-Based Food Crops Area in Ogan Ilir Regency are the same as the national target for developing Food Crops Area Based on Farmers' Corporations. Ogan Ilir Regency, namely:","type":"Text"},{"left":331,"top":460,"width":197,"height":52,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"a. Increased production, productivity, added value and competitiveness of superior food crop commodities in Ogan Ilir Regency;","type":"List item"},{"left":331,"top":515,"width":197,"height":38,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"b. Availability of agricultural infrastructure and facilities in optimal food crop areas;","type":"List item"},{"left":331,"top":556,"width":197,"height":39,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"c. Application of location-specific innovative technology in food crop areas;","type":"List item"},{"left":331,"top":598,"width":197,"height":52,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"d. Increase the knowledge, skills and entrepreneurship of farmers in the management of farmer economic institutions; and","type":"List item"},{"left":331,"top":653,"width":197,"height":38,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"e. The functioning of the farming system as a whole, effectively and efficiently.","type":"List item"},{"left":313,"top":694,"width":215,"height":66,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on these guidelines, the program formulated in the agricultural area development model based on farmer corporations in OI Regency as presented in Table 2 is a program that will be in line","type":"Text"},{"left":149,"top":38,"width":314,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":510,"top":36,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"210","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":215,"height":25,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"with the South Sumatra Provincial Farmer Corporation-Based","type":"Text"},{"left":196,"top":87,"width":104,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Agricultural Area","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":101,"width":215,"height":135,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Development Master Plan. According Ramdhani et al. (2015) and Winarso (2013), it is important to harmonize regional programs and central programs because they can help each other in implementation. The program is based on a strategic approach based on a political, technocratic approach, integrated top down policy-bottom up planning and participatory approaches.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":239,"width":215,"height":356,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The political approach is an approach to the vision and mission of the elected regional head as input in planning the development of food crop areas. Thus, the objectives and targets of national development through the establishment of food crop areas based on farmer corporations must be integrated and harmonized with the vision and mission of Bupati into policies and strategies for developing agricultural areas. According Prasetyo and Setyani (2020), farmer corporations must follow government rules in their activities. This approach primarily deals with the formal features of government and politics accentuates the study of the political institutions and structures. Therefore, the institutional approach is concerned with the study of the formal structures like legislature, executive, judiciary, political parties, and interest groups (Barnett & Finnemore, 2009) and one of the foremost implications of the the political approach is its focus on theoretical issues pertinent to the normative part of a decision-making (Pissourios, 2014).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":598,"width":215,"height":149,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The technocratic approach is a strategy of placing an action plan for the development of a corporate-based food crop area as a scientific planning instrument prepared using scientific methods and frameworks by Bappeda and regional agencies in this case the Ogan Ilir Regency Agriculture and Food Security Service as an operational elaboration of the Regional Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) and the Plan strategy from regional","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":73,"width":215,"height":25,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"agencies (OPD) in the scope of agriculture in Ogan Ilir District.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":101,"width":215,"height":259,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The integrated top-down policy-bottom up planning approach is an approach by placing the Musrenbang coordination forum and other technical coordination forums carried out according to the levels of government starting from the village, sub- district and district/city levels as a forum for negotiation and consensus on the determination of regional development goals and targets. Pissourios (2014) said that the assigning of top-down and bottom- up approaches to discernible scales of planning helps the role of planning standards in each planning approach to become clear. As we saw above, regional and strategic urban planning should be ascribed to top-down approaches, while local urban planning that encompasses physical planning to bottom-up approaches.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":363,"width":215,"height":163,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The participatory approach is an approach strategy that states that the determination and selection of types and volumes of activities are adjusted to the needs, problems and aspirations of farmers as business actors, and that financing and area development are encouraged to increase community self-sufficiency. In this case, it is hoped that farmers' participation in every activity can be empowered and enhanced in the form of economic institutions.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":529,"width":215,"height":149,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Thus the programs compiled are indeed based on the problems and needs of farmers, and in line with political and technocratic interests, so that when operations can run optimally through rational budget support/and cross-agency involvement through competent human resources. Then besides that, Effendy and Mustofa (2020) said that programs for farmers have to consists a strategy for developing of Farmer Group.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":680,"width":215,"height":80,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on these four approaches and the problems that occur in the location of the plantation area, the District Government of Ogan Ilir has formulated program targets and activities for the development of food crop areas based on farmer corporations in","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"211","type":"Page header"},{"left":163,"top":38,"width":283,"height":9,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":216,"height":536,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"the designated areas. This is stated in the Master Plan for Agricultural Area Development in South Sumatra Province, and is directed nationally based on Kepmentan No: 45/Kpts/PD.200/1/2015, as well as the suitability of survey results and research studies with the types of food plant commodities to be developed in Ogan Ilir Regency, namely rice with applicable programs and activities that are presented in Table 2. Recommendations for the implementation of activities are compiled on an annual basis by considering aspects of production and operation management which in the agribusiness system include the stages of pre-production, production, post-harvest, processing and marketing. However, in its operational implementation, time planning in commodity development plans based on areas with aggregates and linkages between activities in a wide area must be carefully prepared by taking into account climatic conditions (especially the rainy and dry seasons), planting and harvesting times according to plant types, provision seeds, marketing patterns (price fluctuations) and other influencing aspects, including the pattern of budget disbursement for procurement activities sourced from the government budget Overall, the implementation of these programs and activities is planned to begin in 2021 with a priority on activities that become the basis for implementing subsequent activities. The initial activities are prioritized for non-physical activities, so that when physical activities take place, their implementation is supported by a strong foundation.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":612,"width":216,"height":148,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"In the implementation of the program, the work unit which is expected to function as the person in charge of the implementation of activities or which is expected to act as a supporting agency that supports the implementation of activities is adjusted to the main tasks and functions of each. However, with regard to the required supporting activities, their existence must be guaranteed, the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) and work units","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":73,"width":215,"height":39,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"that are expected to play a role must be involved early in the process of preparing the Action Plan.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":115,"width":215,"height":149,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The main work unit in implementing this action plan is the Department of Agriculture and Food Security of Ogan Ilir Regency as the OPD which holds the main tasks and functions in developing food crops and horticulture in Ogan Ilir Regency. However, in implementing programs that are related to the main tasks and functions of other OPDs, the work unit for implementing activities will coordinate and cooperate with other OPDs such as:","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":266,"width":215,"height":53,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1. For programs that are coordinated with OPD and other regions, the work unit/ Satker will involve Bappeda Ogan Ilir Regency.","type":"List item"},{"left":313,"top":322,"width":215,"height":38,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2. For programs related to infrastructure procurement/repair, the work unit/ Satker is the Public Works Agency.","type":"List item"},{"left":313,"top":363,"width":215,"height":66,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3. Programs related to improving the quality of human resources, as a work unit/Satker it will involve universities and OPD who oversees the extension officer/PPL","type":"List item"},{"left":313,"top":432,"width":215,"height":66,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"4. Programs related to the implementation of research results, as a work unit/ Satker it will involve universities and the Regional Research and Development Center/Balitbangda.","type":"List item"},{"left":313,"top":501,"width":215,"height":39,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"5. Programs related to product marketing, as a work unit/Satker it will involve the Industry and Trade Office and so on.","type":"List item"},{"left":313,"top":543,"width":215,"height":190,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Principles of the financial plan for activities to be facilitated by the government budget are compiled in a 5- year medium term, detailed according to financing sources, namely APBN, Provincial APBD and Regency APBD. A fundamental aspect that must be considered is the discipline of governance, so that the financing of activities must be prepared by considering the map of authority at government levels as well as the disciplines of the principles of concentration, deconcentration, Task and decentralization (DAU/DAK).","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":736,"width":215,"height":24,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"In relation to the limited government and regional government budgets to support the","type":"Text"},{"left":149,"top":38,"width":314,"height":9,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021","type":"Page header"},{"left":510,"top":36,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"212","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":215,"height":246,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"acceleration of the development of food crop areas, the preparation of a budget plan must include aspects of self-reliance of the farming community and the participation of the business sector. The preparation of the budget scenarios should be prepared using the scenario that most rational and optimal considering the ability of the government budget, both state and local budgets. A fundamental aspect that must also be considered is the discipline of governance, so that the activity financing plan must be prepared by considering the map of authority and affairs at each level of government as well as the disciplinary principles of financing the Concentration Fund, Deconcentration Fund, Co- Administration Fund and Decentralization","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":322,"width":216,"height":232,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Fund. The preparation of activity financing plans is carried out in a directed manner according to the priority scale. Thus, the activity financing plan to be carried out is focused on critical factors that can accelerate the development of agricultural areas and is prioritized on increasing the role of government in agricultural development, namely: (1) providing facilities and infrastructure that the community cannot build independently and is not in demand by the private sector; (2) efforts to overcome failure in marketing of products produced by farmers; and (3) enhancing the human resource capacity of farmers and encouraging the functioning of government development institutions.","type":"Text"},{"left":150,"top":570,"width":84,"height":11,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"CONCLUSION","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":598,"width":215,"height":162,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The food commodity with the most potential to be developed in a food crop area pattern based on farmer corporations on sub-optimal land in Ogan Ilir Regency is lowland rice. This commodity fulfills all elements of development support including land area, land conditions, availability of human resources, availability of supporting infrastructure and market potential. The rice development areas recommended for the development of corporate-based food crop areas in Ogan Ilir Regency are Muara","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":73,"width":215,"height":260,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kuang Area, Pemulutan Area, Lubuk Keliat Area, Indralaya Area, and South Pemulutan Area. The model for developing a food crop area based on a farmer association built through the preparation of programs and activities in Ogan Ilir Regency is divided into programs to optimize the availability of production inputs, development programs for rice cultivation and supporting facilities, programs for eradicating pests and diseases of rice plants, programs for improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions, improvement programs and increase in farmers' knowledge and skills, harvest and post-harvest improvement programs, marketing improvement programs, supporting infrastructure improvement programs, and capital development programs.","type":"Text"},{"left":355,"top":349,"width":130,"height":11,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ACKNOWLEDGMENT","type":"Section header"},{"left":313,"top":377,"width":215,"height":80,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The researchers would like to express their gratitude to the Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University who has funded this research and the Department of Agriculture and Food Security of Ogan Ilir Regency who have helped technically in the field.","type":"Text"},{"left":378,"top":474,"width":84,"height":11,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"REFERENCES","type":"Section header"},{"left":313,"top":501,"width":218,"height":66,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Arifien M, Fafurida V, Noekent. 2012. Development planning based on food crop agriculture in efforts to overcome poverty problems. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan. 13 (2): 288−302.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":570,"width":215,"height":53,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Central Bureau of Statistics of South Sumatra Province. 2020. South Sumatra in Figures of 2020. Central Statistics Agency of South Sumatra Province.","type":"List item"},{"left":313,"top":625,"width":215,"height":66,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Effendy L, Mustofa R. 2020. Farmers 'institutional development models towards farmers' economic institutions in Sindangkasih Ciamis district. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan . 6 (1): 38−47.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":694,"width":218,"height":53,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Faizah AA, Eko BS. 2013. Directions for the development of food crops agricultural areas in Sampang regency. Jurnal Teknik Pomits . 2 (2). DOI:","type":"Text"},{"left":327,"top":747,"width":157,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"10.12962/j23373539.v2i2.3926.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":15,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"213","type":"Page header"},{"left":163,"top":38,"width":286,"height":9,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":215,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Gultom IA, Ayu KP, Yanuarius YD,","type":"Text"},{"left":99,"top":87,"width":204,"height":25,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Achmad S. 2020. Corporate based agricultural sector planning analysis.","type":"Text"},{"left":99,"top":115,"width":201,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":128,"width":215,"height":67,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sumberdaya Manusia . 9 (2):1411−4186. Iyan R. 2014. Analysis of the leading commodities of the agricultural sector in the Sumatra region. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pembangunan. 4 (11).","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":197,"width":218,"height":67,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. 2018. Guidelines for the development of farmers' corporations-based agricultural areas. Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":266,"width":222,"height":163,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Laili EF, Herman CD. 2018. Development of food crop based agricultural areas in Wuluhan district, Jember regency. Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning. 2 (3): 209−217. DOI: 10.29244/jp2wd.2018.2.3.209-217. Muara Enim Regency Investment Service and One Stop Integrated Services. 2018. Study on the Leading Potential of Food Crops Sub-Sector. Muara Enim Regency Investment Service and One Stop Integrated Services.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":432,"width":218,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Octavia Z, Darwanto DH, Hartono S. 2015.","type":"Text"},{"left":99,"top":446,"width":201,"height":39,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Leading agricultural sector in South Sumatra. Jurnal Agraris . 1 (2). DOI: 10.18196/agr.129.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":487,"width":218,"height":53,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pantouw CE, Poluan RJ, Octavianus H AR. 2018. Analysis of rurukan agropolitan area development in Tomohon. Jurnal Spasial . 5 (3).","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":543,"width":215,"height":79,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pissourios IA. 2014. Top-down and bottom- up urban and regional planning: towards a framework for the use of planning standards. European Spatial Research And Policy. 21. DOI: 110.2478/esrp- 2014-0007.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":625,"width":215,"height":66,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Prayoga K. 2016. Peat land management based on local wisdom in Kalimantan island. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Basah Tahun 2016. Jilid 3: 1016- 1022 ISBN 978-602-6483-40-9.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":694,"width":216,"height":53,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Prasetyo T, Setyani C. 2020. Development of Rice Farming Areas Based on Farmer Corporations in Central Java. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on","type":"List item"},{"left":327,"top":73,"width":201,"height":25,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"the Readiness of Agricultural Resources and Location-Specific","type":"Text"},{"left":468,"top":87,"width":60,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Innovations","type":"Text"},{"left":327,"top":101,"width":165,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Entering the Industrial Era 4.0 T.","type":"Section header"},{"left":313,"top":115,"width":215,"height":38,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Rahmi O, Robiyanto HS, Ari S. 2015. The integrated lowland management in Mulia Sari, Tanjung Lago subdistrict,","type":"Table"},{"left":327,"top":156,"width":201,"height":25,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Banyuasin regency . Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI). 20 (3). DOI:","type":"List item"},{"left":327,"top":184,"width":112,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"10.18343/jipi.20.3.201","type":"Table"},{"left":313,"top":197,"width":215,"height":80,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Ratmini S, Herwenita. 2014. Increasing income of rice farmers through integrated crop management approaches in Lebak land, Ogan Ilir regency, South Sumatra. Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Jambi Seri Sains . 16 (1): 45−52.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":280,"width":218,"height":108,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Ramdhani H, Soni AN, Muhammad F. 2015. Increasing farmer welfare with strengthening farmer groups development of rice farming areas based on farmer corporations in Central Java. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on the Readiness of Agricultural Resources and","type":"Text"},{"left":327,"top":377,"width":201,"height":66,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Location-Specific Innovations Entering the Industrial Era 4.0 T . Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. 2 (3): (2015).","type":"Table"},{"left":313,"top":446,"width":215,"height":39,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sugiyono. 2019. Quantitative, qualitative and R & D research methods. Alfabeta, Jakarta.","type":"List item"},{"left":313,"top":487,"width":218,"height":163,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Suryani S, Sitorus SRP, Sudadi U. 2020. Study on the development of commodity-based food crops agricultural land in Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi. Journal of the region and the environment study on the development of commodity-based food crops agricultural land in Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi. Journal of the Region and the Environment . 8 (2): 147−160. DOI: 10.14710/jwl.8.2.147- 160.","type":"Text"},{"left":313,"top":653,"width":215,"height":94,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Winarso B. 2013. Policy of development foodstuffs commodity support master plan program for acceleration and expansion of Indonesia’s economic development (MP3EI) case studies in Gorontalo province. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. 13 (2): 85−102.","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 335,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands ISSN: 2252-6188 (Print), ISSN: 2302-3015 (Online, www.jlsuboptimal.unsri.ac.id) Vol. 10, No.2: 202−213 Oktober 2021 DOI: 10.36706/JLSO.10.2.2021.530\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 99,\n \"width\": 441,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Development Model of Food Crop in Suboptimal Area Based on Farmers Corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 88,\n \"top\": 144,\n \"width\": 437,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Model Pengembangan Kawasan Tanaman Pangan pada Area Lahan Suboptimal Berbasis Korporasi Petani di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 125,\n \"top\": 181,\n \"width\": 360,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Riswani Riswani 1*) , Yunita Yunita 1 , Henny Malini 1 , Thirtawati Thirtawati 1\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 123,\n \"top\": 209,\n \"width\": 370,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1 Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, 30862, South Sumatra, Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 209,\n \"top\": 222,\n \"width\": 195,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"*) Corresponding author: riswani@fp.unsri.ac.id\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 184,\n \"top\": 249,\n \"width\": 244,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(Received: 5 February 2021, Accepted: 17 September 2021)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 275,\n \"width\": 443,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Citation : Riswani R, Yunita Y, Malini H, Thirtawati T. 2021. Development model of food crop in suboptimal area based on farmers corporation in Ogan Ilir regency, South Sumatra. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands . 10 (2): 202−213. DOI: 10.36706/JLSO.10.2.2021.530.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 276,\n \"top\": 324,\n \"width\": 61,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ABSTRAK\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 351,\n \"width\": 446,\n \"height\": 287,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini dilakukan berbasis pada kondisi pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan wilayah yang saat ini masih belum dilakukan dengan pola pengusahaan yang masih tersebar dan masih lemahnya pemberdayaan kelembagaan di tingkat petani, sehingga tidak efisien dalam pengusahaan khususnya pada lahan-lahan yang masih terkategori suboptimal. Berbasis pada kondisi tersebut maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan model pengembangan kawasan pertanian tanaman pangan pada sera lahan suboptimal yang berorientasi pada koorporasi petani. Analisis masalah guna pencapaian tujuan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif namun tetap dilakukan penggunaaan rumus matematis yang relevan. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan dapat disusun program aplikatif untuk pengembangan kawasan pertanian berbasis korporasi petani di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir yang dibuat berdasarkan strategi pendekatan yang telah disusun, yaitu berbasis pada pendekatan politik, teknokratis, keterpaduan top down policy-bottom up planning dan partisipatif. Adapun kelompok program yang ditekomendasikan terbagi atas program optimalisasi ketersediaan input produksi, program pengembangan budidaya padi dan sarana prasarana pendukungnya, program pemberantasan hama dan penyakit tanaman padi, program perbaikan dan pemberdayaan lembaga tani, program perbaikan dan peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani, program perbaikan panen dan pasca panen, program perbaikan pemasaran, program perbaikan infrastruktur penunjang, dan program pengembangan permodalan. Adapun lokasi pengembangan dan penerapan program difokuskan pada wilayah Kecamatan Muara Kuang, Pemulutan, Lubuk Keliat, Indralaya dan Pemulutan Selatan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 641,\n \"width\": 277,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kata kunci: kawasan, koorporasi petani, tanaman pangan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 272,\n \"top\": 669,\n \"width\": 68,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ABSTRACT\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 697,\n \"width\": 443,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"This research was conducted based on the condition of fulfilling the food needs of the region, which was currently not being carried out with the distribution pattern and weak institutional Strengtening at the farmer level, so that its utilization was not yet efficient in exploitation especially on suboptimal land. Based on this, the main objective of this study was to formulate a model for the development of food crop agricultural areas on\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"203\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 163,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 283,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 443,\n \"height\": 177,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"suboptimal land oriented to farmer corporations. This research used qualitative methods but the relevant mathematical formulas were still used. From the result of the analysis, an applicative program for the development of agricultural areas based on farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency was compiled, which was based on a political, technocratic approach, integration of top down policy-bottom up planning and participatory. The recommended program group was divided into programs for optimizing the availability of production inputs, developing rice cultivation and supporting infrastructure, controlling pests and diseases of rice plants, improving and empowering farmer institutions, improving and increasing farmers' knowledge and skills, improving harvest and post-harvest, improving marketing, improvement of supporting infrastructure, and development of capital. The location for the development and implementation of the program was focused on the districts of Muara Kuang, Pemulutan, Lubuk Keliat, Indralaya and Pemulutan Selatan. Keywords: farmer corporation, food crop area, food crop\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 143,\n \"top\": 267,\n \"width\": 99,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"INTRODUCTION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 294,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 384,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"One of the challenges in agricultural development today is how to provide food needs, supply industrial raw materials and increase the export of agricultural commodities, particularly in strategic commodity groups and regional superiority, such as food crops. According Iyan (2014) and Octavia et al. (2015), one of the superior crops in South Sumatra is food crops. In order to answer these challenges, as well as increase agricultural production in food crop commodities, agricultural development on food crops on an economic scale must be carried out through regional planning in the field of food crops in a comprehensive and integrated manner in line with governance in the era of regional autonomy. For this reason, Muara Enim Regency Investment Service and One Stop Integrated Services (2018) explain that agricultural development policies, especially food crops, are needed which are in line with regional development principles. The Ministry of Agriculture (2018) answer this challenge by issuing a policy to guide the development of agriculture in which one of them is to crop the regional pattern, called the crop area.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 681,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia No. 18/2018, define food crop areas as a combination of food crop centers that meet the minimum economic scale of exploitation and the effectiveness of\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 267,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 163,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"regional development management in a sustainable manner and are functionally related in terms of natural resource potential, socio-cultural conditions, production factors and the existence of supporting infrastructure. The current implementation of agricultural area development must be based on farmer corporations, and Arifien et al. (2012) and Suryani et al. (2020), said that types of plants that can be developed by farmers in their corporations are food plants.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 433,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 121,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"According to Faizah and Eko (2013) in the formation and development of agricultural areas based on farmer corporations, including the formation and development of food crop areas, an implementative plan is needed which can only be formulated through research and field studies, so that this plan can be used as an operational reference at the level.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 557,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 204,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Field in implementing programs and activities for the development of Corporate- Based Food Crops in a directed, focused, gradual and sustainable manner. The position of the farmer corporation as the driving force of the regional economy is the main key to success in realizing advanced, independent, and modern Indonesian agriculture (Gultom et al., 2020). Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra has relatively high potential in the field of food crop development and is dominated by suboptimal land About 65% of area in Ogan Ilir is sub optimal land (BPS Ogan Ilir, 2020). Under these conditions, it is\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 149,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 314,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"204\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"appropriate to optimize the potential of existing food plant resources, especially in suboptimal lands, which are still widely distributed in this area, so that they can contribute more in the effort to increase the economic growth of the region and the welfare of the people, especially farmers. According Prayoga (2016) and Rahmi et al. (2015), suboptimal land is potential land for optimization of food crops.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 211,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 356,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Ratmini and Herwenita (2014), said that suboptimal land is one of the agroecosystems in South Sumatra which has the opportunity for agricultural development. With regard to these objectives as well as government directives set out in the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia No. 18/Permentan/RC.040/4/2018 in Central Bureau of Statistics of South Sumatra Province (2020), where to accelerate food self-sufficiency and grow farmer economic institutions, as well as to accelerate the implementation of agricultural development, it is necessary to conduct research on the development of food crop areas based on farmer corporations in areas with agricultural potential such as in the district Ogan Ilir. The direction of development must be in the form of a food crop area because in the marketing of agricultural products, especially food crops, the majority of entrepreneurs/buyers need products with large quantities, similar quality and continuity.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 570,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 190,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"This condition can only be supplied from farmers who are in a coordinated food crop area. This is because in one area, agro- climatically and agrosystems will be relatively similar in quality and quantity (Laili & Herman, 2018). Based on these conditions, this study aimed to (1) identify food crop commodities in Ogan Ilir Regency that have the potential to be developed with a farmer-based agricultural area development pattern; (2) mapping the food crop commodity and its development area with the concept of developing a food crop area based on a corporation in Ogan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Ilir Regency, and (3) formulating a food crop area development model based on farmers’ corporations through formulating programs and activities that must be carried out in the development of food crop area based on farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 336,\n \"top\": 184,\n \"width\": 169,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"MATERIALS AND METHODS\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 211,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 274,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"This study used a descriptive analytical design in the form of a survey method that aims to describe the existing conditions in detail and project future potential through analysis of the various variables to be tested. Survey research could provide a deeper picture of certain social symptoms or certain aspects of life in the community being studied and could clearly reveal the relationship between various social phenomena. The sample in this study was drawn using the Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling method with the stratification of member and non-member farmers from farmer groups as many as 30 people in each layer in the two sub-districts selected as the main rice producer in Ogan Ilir Regency. Thus, a sample size will be obtained representing the district as many as 120 rice farmers;\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 487,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 273,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The data collected were in this study were primary data obtained by means of direct observation and interviews with sample farmers using a questionnaire that has been prepared, and secondary data obtained from related agencies and from various literature sources related to this research. The data analysis method used were (i) Delphi analysis to obtain the factors causing the underdevelopment of food crop agricultural areas, (ii) cluster analysis to classify agricultural areas into several clusters based on factors that cause food crop agricultural areas to be less developed, (iii) triangulation analysis to formulate directions for the development of food crop agricultural areas in Ogan Ilir Regency. The data obtained in the field were then grouped using structured tabulation techniques and then analyzed.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"205\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 163,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 283,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 218,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The analysis was carried out based on data analysis techniques according to Sugiyono (2019), namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification and recommendation formulation. Data analysis techniques used in this study included recapitulation of interview transcripts, data reduction, data analysis, data interpretation and triangulation. From the results of the data analysis, conclusions and recommendations could be drawn. Determination of the location for determining the location of the area was based on the criteria for determining the area stipulated in the Indonesian Minister of Agriculture Regulation\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 294,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"No.18/Permentan/RC.040/2018 concerning guidelines for developing agricultural areas based on farmer corporations. Furthermore, the processed data was interpreted systematically, then discussed in a descriptive, structured and systematic\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"manner. The results of the analysis and discussion were used to formulate a development model in the form of programs and activities that must be carried out in the development of a corporate-based food crop area in Ogan Ilir Regency, as well as its implementation management.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 392,\n \"top\": 184,\n \"width\": 61,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"RESULTS\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 211,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Determination of Leading Food Commodities and Location of Area Development\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 253,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 107,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"From the application of the Delphi method and regional suitability analysis based on the regional criteria guidelines from the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture No.18/Permentan/RC.040/2018 based on Figure 1, it was determined that the superior commodities and development areas were presented in (Table 1).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 188,\n \"top\": 570,\n \"width\": 236,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 1. Illustration of determination of rice area location\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 595,\n \"width\": 442,\n \"height\": 173,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 1. The type of determination of food commodities and development areas is based on the results of the Delphi method and area analysis Type of Commodity Location Priority Village Area (Ha) Area (Ha) Rice 1. Muara Kuang Seri Kembang, Tanabang Ulu, Sripadu, Suka Cinta, Kelampadu, Tanabang Ilir, Nagasari, Sukajadi. 11.846 2. Pemulutan Palu, Aurstanding, Pemulutan Ulu, Lebung Jangkar, Pelabuhan Dalam 11.014 3. Lubuk Keliat Lubuk Keliat, Ulak Kembahang, Embacang, Kasih Raja, Talang Tengah Laut 6.125 4. Indralaya Tunas Aur, Muara Penimbung Ilir, Muara Penimbung Ulu, Ulak Bedil, Sudi Mampir 6.076 5. Pemulutan Selatan Ulak Aur Standing, Kapuk, Segayam, Pematang Bungur, Maju Jaya 4.648\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 123,\n \"top\": 388,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 102,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Illustration of rice area in 1 city/ district city/district 1 area 2000 Ha city/district 2 area\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 222,\n \"top\": 486,\n \"width\": 86,\n \"height\": 41,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2000 Ha 2000 Ha city/ district 3 area\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 132,\n \"top\": 401,\n \"width\": 159,\n \"height\": 147,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Illustration of intercity/district rice area 5000 Ha District/City Area\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 351,\n \"top\": 454,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 75,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"In the inter-regency / city area, the minimum area of rice field in 1 regency/ city is 2000 ha, or if combined with other districts/cities area that is adjacent to the area is at least 5000 ha (2 districts) and 6000 ha (3 districts)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 149,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 314,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"206\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Regional Development Model through Determination of Programs and Action Plans\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 115,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"From the results of data analysis based on problems and regional conditions, as well as the application of the Delphi method, a development model is formulated through the formulation of programs and activities that must be carried out which consist of 9 main programs. The first program was optimizing the availability of production inputs, with the form of action plans and output indicators (Table 2). The second programs and activities that were\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 191,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"recommended to be carried out for the development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency was Development of Rice Cultivation and Supporting Facilities (Table 3). The development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency of course also have to pay attention Eradication of pests and diseases of rice (Table 4). Improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions were things that must also be considered in the development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation (Table 5).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 280,\n \"width\": 463,\n \"height\": 477,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 2. Optimizing the availability of production inputs Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Distribution of subsidized fertilizers in the right quantity, quality, on time & on price through the involvement of related institution & farmer institutions Subsidized rice fertilizer assistance to farmer groups according to RDKK Increase the quantity and quality of production from the use of fertilizers Increase the involvement of the district-level Fertilizer and Pesticide Supervisory Commission (KP3) and extension officers in monitoring and reporting the distribution of subsidized fertilizers. Subsidized rice fertilizer assistance to farmer groups according to RDKK Increase the quantity and quality of production from the use of fertilizers Training in making organic fertilizer based on local resources Training on making organic fertilizers Reduced production costs for farmers Providing assistance for integrated organic fertilizer application packages Integrated organic fertilizer application package assistance Reduced production costs for farmers & increased the quantity & quality Provision of soil processing machines, rice transplanter and combine harvester as needed Alsintan assistance according to the needs of each rice plant area Reduced production costs, efficiency & increased quantity & quality Facilitating the procurement of agricultural production equipment through the empowerment of CSR funds Alsintan assistance from the company's CSR funds Reduced production costs, efficiency, & increased quantity & quality Providing certified superior inbred rice seeds Package of certified superior hybrid rice seeds in each area Increasing the quantity & quality of production from the use of superior seeds Providing certified superior hybrid rice seeds Package of certified superior hybrid rice seeds in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of production Provision of organic rice seeds Package of organic rice seed in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of production Establishing village that produces its own seeds Availability of local seed production Establishment and development of villages that produce their own seeds Technology transfer collaboration with universities Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Making demonstration plots for superior variety seed technology testing as a result of university research on various ecosystems Technology test demonstration plot Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Development of a landless rice cultivation system The demonstration plot of landless rice cultivation Increasing the quantity and quality of production Increasing the number of seed breeders Seed breders Availability of local seed production\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"207\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 163,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 284,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions could affect the level of knowledge and skills of farmers. Table 6 showed programs related to efforts to improve skills and knowledge of farmers. In this case, the action plan activities involve parties that were directly involved in increasing the knowledge of farmers, such as extension workers, farmer group associations, to banking institutions as providers of capital.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 225,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Harvest and post-harvest improvements and marketing action plan activities could be seen in Table 7 and 8. The development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"in Ogan Ilir Regency was difficult to achieve without supported by infrastructure development and capital development. Pantouw et al. (2018) explained that infrastructure was indispensable in regional development. Table 9 presented the action plan activities in infrastructure development.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 170,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The cooperation between farmer groups and banks or other capital institutions was very important, because the availability of capital was often a major problem for farmers in carrying out their farming. Table 10 showed the action plan activities in capital development.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 294,\n \"width\": 442,\n \"height\": 455,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"T able 3. Development of rice cultivation and supporting facilities Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Training on the application of GAP for rice in each area Training activities in each area Rice GAP application in farmer's land Construction of embankments on tidal and lowland rice fields Construction of embankments on tidal and lowlands as needed Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Repair and dredging of tertiary channels (micro water systems), especially in tidal areas Dredging and cleaning of tertiary channels (micro water system) Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Assistance in making drilling wells and water pumps as needed Assistance of drilling wells and water pumps in each area as needed Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Rehabilitation of water channels (irrigation networks) according to land types Rehabilitation of water channels (irrigation networks) according to land type Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Construction and rehabilitation of floodgates rehabilitation of floodgates Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Manufacture of a piping system The piping system on water- deficient land Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Rotating water management training for members of farmer groups/P3A Water management training for each group of water users Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Additional land area by means of paddy fields printing activities Print the fields in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of production Repair and construction of farm roads (JUT) Repair and construction of farm roads (JUT) Production distribution becomes trouble-free and transportation costs are cheap Development of floating rice cultivation Floating rice cultivation demonstration plot Increasing the quantity and quality of rice Development of wetland rice cultivation technology based on submerged stress tolerant rice varieties The demonstration plot for rice cultivation was tolerant of submerged stress Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Providing dolomite assistance on acidic land categories Dolomite assistance in each area as needed Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 149,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 314,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"208\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 440,\n \"height\": 390,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 4. Eradication of pests and diseases of rice Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Training on biological control of food crop pests based on indigenous entomopathogens Biological control training in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Training on making organic pesticides (biopesticides) and providing biopesticide packages Training on making organic pesticides in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Integrated pest eradication training Integrated pest eradication training Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Facilitate rat eradication (gropyokan) activities rat eradication (gropyokan) activities Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Table 5. Improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Training to improve management skills and group development in farmer institutions Group management training Farmer groups have professional management Competitive assessment of farmer group activeness in the development of rice farming Gapoktan Activity Competition Increased group activity Establishment of farmer cooperatives & Bumdes Farmers' cooperatives and Bumdes founded Bumdes Fostering and empowering food barns Active food barns Achieving village food security Giving awards for active farmer institutions Award ceremony Increased farmer motivation Table 6. Increased knowledge and skills of farmers Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Extension & training on rice farming according to GAP, pest & disease control,\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 466,\n \"width\": 158,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"harvest management, downstream rice industry, access to market cooperation,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 442,\n \"width\": 434,\n \"height\": 314,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"capital management and access to capital, institutional management and finance, online marketing training according to needs every month for each Extension Officer and area Farmers in the area who have cultivation knowledge and skills according to GAP and good management skills Participation of farmers in exhibitions, farmer gatherings, PENAS, apprenticeships and comparative studies Exhibition activities, farmer gatherings, internships and comparative studies with groups in each area Farmers in the area who have cultivation knowledge and skills according to GAP and management capabilities provide food security award Participation in the food security competition Increased farmer motivation and insight Table 7. Harvest and post-harvest improvements Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome providing rice drying equipment as needed providing rice drying equipment Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production providing tarpaulin providing tarpaulin Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production providing rice huller machine as needed providing rice huller machine Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Training to improve harvest systems and good post-harvest processing Training to improve harvest systems and good post-harvest processing Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"209\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 163,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 283,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 436,\n \"height\": 369,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 8. Marketing improvement Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Implementation of rice quality standardization Standardization of rice quality Classification of rice in the market according to quality Training on rice packaging and providing market-oriented rice packaging assistance Rice packaging training and market-oriented rice packaging assistance Production of local premium rice Training in determining the standardization of rice Rice standardization training Classification of rice according to quality Table 9. Supporting infrastructure improvements Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Improvement of farm roads Improve farming roads Production distribution is operating well Facilitating cooperation with transportation companies Facilitating cooperation with transportation companies Production distribution is operating well Table 10. Capital development Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Facilitating cooperation between farmer groups and banks or other capital institutions The establishment of cooperation between farmer groups and banks Farming scale development Facilitating farmer land certification The farmer's land has a certificate Farmers are able to access capital from the Bank Bankable rice farming management training Bankable rice farming management training Farmers are able to access capital from the Bank Establishment of Bumdes/farmer corporations Establishment of Bumdes/farmer corporation Farming scale development\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 154,\n \"top\": 460,\n \"width\": 76,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"DISCUSSION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 487,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The results of the research are presented in Table 1 and Table 2 which are arranged in the form of agricultural programs and activities in the Design of Farmers Corporation-Based Food Crop Area\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 556,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 204,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Development Model in Ogan Ilir Regency. Agricultural programs and activities are arranged according to the nomenclature of programs and activities in the Ministry of Agriculture and in accordance with the objectives of regional development. To ensure consistency with the Master Plan at the provincial level, the program targets referred to in the program and action plan for the development of Farmers Corporation-Based Food Crops Area in Ogan Ilir Regency are the same as the national target for developing Food Crops Area Based on Farmers' Corporations. Ogan Ilir Regency, namely:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 331,\n \"top\": 460,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"a. Increased production, productivity, added value and competitiveness of superior food crop commodities in Ogan Ilir Regency;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 331,\n \"top\": 515,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"b. Availability of agricultural infrastructure and facilities in optimal food crop areas;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 331,\n \"top\": 556,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"c. Application of location-specific innovative technology in food crop areas;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 331,\n \"top\": 598,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"d. Increase the knowledge, skills and entrepreneurship of farmers in the management of farmer economic institutions; and\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 331,\n \"top\": 653,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"e. The functioning of the farming system as a whole, effectively and efficiently.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 694,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on these guidelines, the program formulated in the agricultural area development model based on farmer corporations in OI Regency as presented in Table 2 is a program that will be in line\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 149,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 314,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"210\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"with the South Sumatra Provincial Farmer Corporation-Based\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 196,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 104,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Agricultural Area\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 101,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Development Master Plan. According Ramdhani et al. (2015) and Winarso (2013), it is important to harmonize regional programs and central programs because they can help each other in implementation. The program is based on a strategic approach based on a political, technocratic approach, integrated top down policy-bottom up planning and participatory approaches.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 239,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 356,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The political approach is an approach to the vision and mission of the elected regional head as input in planning the development of food crop areas. Thus, the objectives and targets of national development through the establishment of food crop areas based on farmer corporations must be integrated and harmonized with the vision and mission of Bupati into policies and strategies for developing agricultural areas. According Prasetyo and Setyani (2020), farmer corporations must follow government rules in their activities. This approach primarily deals with the formal features of government and politics accentuates the study of the political institutions and structures. Therefore, the institutional approach is concerned with the study of the formal structures like legislature, executive, judiciary, political parties, and interest groups (Barnett & Finnemore, 2009) and one of the foremost implications of the the political approach is its focus on theoretical issues pertinent to the normative part of a decision-making (Pissourios, 2014).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 598,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The technocratic approach is a strategy of placing an action plan for the development of a corporate-based food crop area as a scientific planning instrument prepared using scientific methods and frameworks by Bappeda and regional agencies in this case the Ogan Ilir Regency Agriculture and Food Security Service as an operational elaboration of the Regional Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) and the Plan strategy from regional\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"agencies (OPD) in the scope of agriculture in Ogan Ilir District.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 101,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 259,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The integrated top-down policy-bottom up planning approach is an approach by placing the Musrenbang coordination forum and other technical coordination forums carried out according to the levels of government starting from the village, sub- district and district/city levels as a forum for negotiation and consensus on the determination of regional development goals and targets. Pissourios (2014) said that the assigning of top-down and bottom- up approaches to discernible scales of planning helps the role of planning standards in each planning approach to become clear. As we saw above, regional and strategic urban planning should be ascribed to top-down approaches, while local urban planning that encompasses physical planning to bottom-up approaches.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 363,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 163,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The participatory approach is an approach strategy that states that the determination and selection of types and volumes of activities are adjusted to the needs, problems and aspirations of farmers as business actors, and that financing and area development are encouraged to increase community self-sufficiency. In this case, it is hoped that farmers' participation in every activity can be empowered and enhanced in the form of economic institutions.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 529,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Thus the programs compiled are indeed based on the problems and needs of farmers, and in line with political and technocratic interests, so that when operations can run optimally through rational budget support/and cross-agency involvement through competent human resources. Then besides that, Effendy and Mustofa (2020) said that programs for farmers have to consists a strategy for developing of Farmer Group.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 680,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on these four approaches and the problems that occur in the location of the plantation area, the District Government of Ogan Ilir has formulated program targets and activities for the development of food crop areas based on farmer corporations in\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"211\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 163,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 283,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 536,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"the designated areas. This is stated in the Master Plan for Agricultural Area Development in South Sumatra Province, and is directed nationally based on Kepmentan No: 45/Kpts/PD.200/1/2015, as well as the suitability of survey results and research studies with the types of food plant commodities to be developed in Ogan Ilir Regency, namely rice with applicable programs and activities that are presented in Table 2. Recommendations for the implementation of activities are compiled on an annual basis by considering aspects of production and operation management which in the agribusiness system include the stages of pre-production, production, post-harvest, processing and marketing. However, in its operational implementation, time planning in commodity development plans based on areas with aggregates and linkages between activities in a wide area must be carefully prepared by taking into account climatic conditions (especially the rainy and dry seasons), planting and harvesting times according to plant types, provision seeds, marketing patterns (price fluctuations) and other influencing aspects, including the pattern of budget disbursement for procurement activities sourced from the government budget Overall, the implementation of these programs and activities is planned to begin in 2021 with a priority on activities that become the basis for implementing subsequent activities. The initial activities are prioritized for non-physical activities, so that when physical activities take place, their implementation is supported by a strong foundation.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 612,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 148,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"In the implementation of the program, the work unit which is expected to function as the person in charge of the implementation of activities or which is expected to act as a supporting agency that supports the implementation of activities is adjusted to the main tasks and functions of each. However, with regard to the required supporting activities, their existence must be guaranteed, the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) and work units\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"that are expected to play a role must be involved early in the process of preparing the Action Plan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 115,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The main work unit in implementing this action plan is the Department of Agriculture and Food Security of Ogan Ilir Regency as the OPD which holds the main tasks and functions in developing food crops and horticulture in Ogan Ilir Regency. However, in implementing programs that are related to the main tasks and functions of other OPDs, the work unit for implementing activities will coordinate and cooperate with other OPDs such as:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 266,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1. For programs that are coordinated with OPD and other regions, the work unit/ Satker will involve Bappeda Ogan Ilir Regency.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 322,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2. For programs related to infrastructure procurement/repair, the work unit/ Satker is the Public Works Agency.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 363,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3. Programs related to improving the quality of human resources, as a work unit/Satker it will involve universities and OPD who oversees the extension officer/PPL\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 432,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"4. Programs related to the implementation of research results, as a work unit/ Satker it will involve universities and the Regional Research and Development Center/Balitbangda.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 501,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"5. Programs related to product marketing, as a work unit/Satker it will involve the Industry and Trade Office and so on.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 543,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 190,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Principles of the financial plan for activities to be facilitated by the government budget are compiled in a 5- year medium term, detailed according to financing sources, namely APBN, Provincial APBD and Regency APBD. A fundamental aspect that must be considered is the discipline of governance, so that the financing of activities must be prepared by considering the map of authority at government levels as well as the disciplines of the principles of concentration, deconcentration, Task and decentralization (DAU/DAK).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 736,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"In relation to the limited government and regional government budgets to support the\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 149,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 314,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 510,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"212\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 246,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"acceleration of the development of food crop areas, the preparation of a budget plan must include aspects of self-reliance of the farming community and the participation of the business sector. The preparation of the budget scenarios should be prepared using the scenario that most rational and optimal considering the ability of the government budget, both state and local budgets. A fundamental aspect that must also be considered is the discipline of governance, so that the activity financing plan must be prepared by considering the map of authority and affairs at each level of government as well as the disciplinary principles of financing the Concentration Fund, Deconcentration Fund, Co- Administration Fund and Decentralization\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 322,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 232,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Fund. The preparation of activity financing plans is carried out in a directed manner according to the priority scale. Thus, the activity financing plan to be carried out is focused on critical factors that can accelerate the development of agricultural areas and is prioritized on increasing the role of government in agricultural development, namely: (1) providing facilities and infrastructure that the community cannot build independently and is not in demand by the private sector; (2) efforts to overcome failure in marketing of products produced by farmers; and (3) enhancing the human resource capacity of farmers and encouraging the functioning of government development institutions.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 150,\n \"top\": 570,\n \"width\": 84,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"CONCLUSION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 598,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 162,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The food commodity with the most potential to be developed in a food crop area pattern based on farmer corporations on sub-optimal land in Ogan Ilir Regency is lowland rice. This commodity fulfills all elements of development support including land area, land conditions, availability of human resources, availability of supporting infrastructure and market potential. The rice development areas recommended for the development of corporate-based food crop areas in Ogan Ilir Regency are Muara\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 260,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kuang Area, Pemulutan Area, Lubuk Keliat Area, Indralaya Area, and South Pemulutan Area. The model for developing a food crop area based on a farmer association built through the preparation of programs and activities in Ogan Ilir Regency is divided into programs to optimize the availability of production inputs, development programs for rice cultivation and supporting facilities, programs for eradicating pests and diseases of rice plants, programs for improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions, improvement programs and increase in farmers' knowledge and skills, harvest and post-harvest improvement programs, marketing improvement programs, supporting infrastructure improvement programs, and capital development programs.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 355,\n \"top\": 349,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ACKNOWLEDGMENT\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 377,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The researchers would like to express their gratitude to the Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University who has funded this research and the Department of Agriculture and Food Security of Ogan Ilir Regency who have helped technically in the field.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 378,\n \"top\": 474,\n \"width\": 84,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"REFERENCES\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 501,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Arifien M, Fafurida V, Noekent. 2012. Development planning based on food crop agriculture in efforts to overcome poverty problems. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan. 13 (2): 288−302.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 570,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Central Bureau of Statistics of South Sumatra Province. 2020. South Sumatra in Figures of 2020. Central Statistics Agency of South Sumatra Province.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 625,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Effendy L, Mustofa R. 2020. Farmers 'institutional development models towards farmers' economic institutions in Sindangkasih Ciamis district. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan . 6 (1): 38−47.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 694,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Faizah AA, Eko BS. 2013. Directions for the development of food crops agricultural areas in Sampang regency. Jurnal Teknik Pomits . 2 (2). DOI:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 747,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"10.12962/j23373539.v2i2.3926.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"213\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 163,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 286,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Gultom IA, Ayu KP, Yanuarius YD,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 99,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 204,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Achmad S. 2020. Corporate based agricultural sector planning analysis.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 99,\n \"top\": 115,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 128,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sumberdaya Manusia . 9 (2):1411−4186. Iyan R. 2014. Analysis of the leading commodities of the agricultural sector in the Sumatra region. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pembangunan. 4 (11).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 197,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. 2018. Guidelines for the development of farmers' corporations-based agricultural areas. Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 266,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 163,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Laili EF, Herman CD. 2018. Development of food crop based agricultural areas in Wuluhan district, Jember regency. Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning. 2 (3): 209−217. DOI: 10.29244/jp2wd.2018.2.3.209-217. Muara Enim Regency Investment Service and One Stop Integrated Services. 2018. Study on the Leading Potential of Food Crops Sub-Sector. Muara Enim Regency Investment Service and One Stop Integrated Services.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 432,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Octavia Z, Darwanto DH, Hartono S. 2015.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 99,\n \"top\": 446,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Leading agricultural sector in South Sumatra. Jurnal Agraris . 1 (2). DOI: 10.18196/agr.129.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 487,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pantouw CE, Poluan RJ, Octavianus H AR. 2018. Analysis of rurukan agropolitan area development in Tomohon. Jurnal Spasial . 5 (3).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 543,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 79,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pissourios IA. 2014. Top-down and bottom- up urban and regional planning: towards a framework for the use of planning standards. European Spatial Research And Policy. 21. DOI: 110.2478/esrp- 2014-0007.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 625,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Prayoga K. 2016. Peat land management based on local wisdom in Kalimantan island. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Basah Tahun 2016. Jilid 3: 1016- 1022 ISBN 978-602-6483-40-9.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 694,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Prasetyo T, Setyani C. 2020. Development of Rice Farming Areas Based on Farmer Corporations in Central Java. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"the Readiness of Agricultural Resources and Location-Specific\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 468,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 60,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Innovations\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 101,\n \"width\": 165,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Entering the Industrial Era 4.0 T.\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 115,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Rahmi O, Robiyanto HS, Ari S. 2015. The integrated lowland management in Mulia Sari, Tanjung Lago subdistrict,\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 156,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Banyuasin regency . Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI). 20 (3). DOI:\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 184,\n \"width\": 112,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"10.18343/jipi.20.3.201\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 197,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Ratmini S, Herwenita. 2014. Increasing income of rice farmers through integrated crop management approaches in Lebak land, Ogan Ilir regency, South Sumatra. Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Jambi Seri Sains . 16 (1): 45−52.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 280,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 108,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Ramdhani H, Soni AN, Muhammad F. 2015. Increasing farmer welfare with strengthening farmer groups development of rice farming areas based on farmer corporations in Central Java. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on the Readiness of Agricultural Resources and\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 377,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Location-Specific Innovations Entering the Industrial Era 4.0 T . Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. 2 (3): (2015).\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 446,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sugiyono. 2019. Quantitative, qualitative and R & D research methods. Alfabeta, Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 487,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 163,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Suryani S, Sitorus SRP, Sudadi U. 2020. Study on the development of commodity-based food crops agricultural land in Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi. Journal of the region and the environment study on the development of commodity-based food crops agricultural land in Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi. Journal of the Region and the Environment . 8 (2): 147−160. DOI: 10.14710/jwl.8.2.147- 160.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 313,\n \"top\": 653,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Winarso B. 2013. Policy of development foodstuffs commodity support master plan program for acceleration and expansion of Indonesia’s economic development (MP3EI) case studies in Gorontalo province. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. 13 (2): 85−102.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1899,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"18398f1a-b2ee-86e6-6e96-f74a153becd6"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan/article/download/1658/1349"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2991","type":"Page footer"},{"left":83,"top":114,"width":433,"height":42,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"THE INFLUENCE OF GIVING LEADERSHIP STYLE INCENTIVES AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON THE WORK SPIRIT OF GENERATION Z EMPLOYEES IN SUBANG DISTRICT","type":"Section header"},{"left":147,"top":171,"width":303,"height":35,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Asri Widianingsih, Rina Dwiarti Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Indonesia Email : Widianasri13@gmail.com , Rina@mercubuana-yogya.ac.id","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":221,"width":57,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Article Info","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":247,"width":100,"height":35,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Received: 12/05/2023 Revised: 30/06/2023 Accepted: 05/07/2023","type":"Table"},{"left":189,"top":221,"width":336,"height":124,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Human resources are very influential on the economic development of a local or global company. That is why the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment is an important part of human resource management, so that it can affect the morale of an employee which can support the company's achievements. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment affect employee morale. This type of research used is quantitative research. This research was conducted on generation Z employees in Subang Regency. The research population is 100 Generation Z employees. The probability sampling method is simple random sampling. The results showed that the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment had a significant positive effect on employee morale.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":350,"width":384,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keywords: giving incentives, leadership style, work environment and employee morale","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":379,"width":91,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Introduction","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":391,"width":454,"height":74,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"One of the key factors in global competition is human resources (HR). It is important for companies to create human resources with high quality, skills and a highly competitive culture in an increasingly fierce global competition. HR is also the most important factor in driving the company's activities, therefore the company must ensure that the morale of HR is maintained when carrying out their duties. Positive work spirit is very important to increase the success of the company in order to survive in an increasingly competitive era.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":467,"width":454,"height":124,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Morale is the extent to which employees are passionate about carrying out their duties and responsibilities within the company Widiantari, et al (2015: 4). Meanwhile, according to Hasibuan (2013: 141) Morale is encouragement or driving motivation to question how to direct the power and potential of subordinates, so that they want to work together productively to achieve and realize predetermined goals. Morale is very important to stimulate a person to work and be creative in his work. Indications of decreased morale can be seen from low productivity, high absenteeism, high employee turnover, increased damage rates, widespread anxiety, frequent demands and strikes. Morale is also a picture of feelings, desires or sincerity of individuals or groups towards the organization which will affect the discipline and willingness of individuals in organizational activities to do tasks better and faster.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":594,"width":454,"height":111,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Employee morale is sometimes considered trivial by company leaders, but employee morale is very important for every employee, if every employee has high morale every employee will put out all his abilities to complete the tasks assigned to him so that employee performance will also be better as well as being able to complete tasks quickly, well and the results are satisfactory for agencies or companies Kusuma (2016). Wukir (2013: 118) states that there are two factors that affect morale, namely: 1. Factors related to finance, for example salary, wages or incentives. 2. Non-financial factors such as employment status, recognition/awards, delegation of authority, working conditions, harmonious relationships, and promotions. Some aspects which may affect employee morale consists of aspects of incentives, leadership style, and work environment.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":708,"width":454,"height":35,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Incentives are direct rewards paid to employees because their performance exceeds specified standards. Assuming that money can be used to encourage employees to work even harder, those who are productive prefer their salary to be paid based on the work of Sopiah and Sangadji (2018: 365).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2992","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":113,"width":454,"height":137,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"According to Larasati (2018: 99) Incentives are awards given to motivate workers to have high work productivity, which are not fixed or intermittent. Meanwhile, according to (Rochmatetal, 2013) incentives are a system of providing remuneration linked to performance, both material and non- material in nature which can provide motivation or driving force for employees to work better and enthusiastically, so that employee performance or work results increase In the end the company's goals can be achieved. Hendry (2013) incentives are incentives that are given voluntarily to employees in increasing their morale and success in order to gain competitive advantage. Based on the theories of some of these experts, it can be concluded in a general sense that giving incentives is very important to implement in a company because it indirectly affects employees so that their morale is higher. Therefore, leaders must pay attention to and understand subordinates so that each subordinate can be led.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":252,"width":454,"height":74,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"According to Hendry's theory (2013) incentives are incentives that are given voluntarily to employees in increasing their morale and success in order to gain competitive advantage. The previous research conducted by Sari et al (2022) stated that incentives had a positive and significant effect on employee morale. Then supported by Suparjono (2020) states that incentives have a significant relationship and influence on work morale. Meanwhile, Maria (2017) stated that incentives had no significant effect on employee morale.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":328,"width":454,"height":137,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Leadership style is a norm that is driven by someone when that person tries to influence the behavior of others as he sees it. Leaders need to think about the most appropriate leadership style, namely a leadership style that can maximize performance, and is easy to adapt to all situations within the organization Fahmi et al ( 2014, p. 4). Paramita (2017), states that leadership is an activity of influencing people so that they want to work together to achieve the desired goals. According to Mulyadi ( 2018: 27) leadership style is a set of characteristics used by leaders to influence subordinates so that organizational goals can be achieved or it can also be said that leadership style is a pattern of behavior and strategies that are liked and often applied by a leader. Meanwhile, according to Sigian (2017) a person's leadership style is identical to the person's leadership type. The leadership style of a leader has its own unique and distinctive traits, habits, temperament, character, and personality, to the behavior and style that distinguishes him from others.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":467,"width":454,"height":137,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"morale is needed in every collaborative effort to achieve organizational goals, because with high morale it will result in high performance and productivity for the organization. Several factors can affect employee morale, one of which is the leadership applied within the Tarlis organization (2017). The ability of leaders to influence others will provide separate motivation for employees to do something to achieve the desired goals. Based on the results of previous research according to Dharmayanti (2021) stated that leadership style has a positive and partially significant effect on work enthusiasm at the Gianyar Regency Transportation Service. Then according to Ainun, et al (2021) also stated that leadership style has a significant effect on the morale of employees of PT. Pelindo Makassar New Port Container Terminal. Meanwhile, according to Masmarulan, et al (2021) it is different, stating that the autocratic leadership style has a negative and insignificant effect on employee morale.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":606,"width":454,"height":137,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Not only the provision of incentives and leadership style that can affect employee morale at work, but the work environment also has the same influence. Sunyoto (2015: 38) states that the work environment is a very important component for employees when carrying out their work. According to Siagian (2014: 56) which also states that the work environment is an environment used by employees in carrying out their daily work. Meanwhile, according to George in Hasibuan (2017: 163) , argues that employees have needs related to the place and atmosphere in which they work, namely: decent and fair wages, opportunities for advancement/promotion, recognition as individuals, job security, workplace good, acceptance by the group, fair treatment and recognition of achievements. So that the work environment can be known as a condition where an employee works can influence himself in increasing his work productivity. The work environment has an important role in supporting and providing a positive influence on employee morale in realizing organizational goals.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2993","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":113,"width":454,"height":111,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"According to Zagoto's theory (2018) it shows that a good work environment provided will be well received by employees so as to generate employee morale so that the goals of the company are achieved. Meanwhile, according to Chandra & Setiawan (2018) it is clear that the real work environment influences the enthusiasm of its employees in carrying out all their duties in order to achieve a goal in an organization efficiently and effectively. This was also conveyed by several previous researchers such as Faruk (2020) who stated that the work environment has a significant positive effect on morale. Suparjono (2020) also expressed the opinion that the work environment simultaneously has a significant relationship and influence on work morale. Rozy (2021) states that the work environment has a negative value on morale (has no and significant influence).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":227,"width":454,"height":61,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Provision of incentives, leadership style, and a good work environment are very important factors in increasing employee morale. High employee morale can increase the productivity and morale of the company's employees as a whole. However, in reality, there are still many companies in Subang Regency that pay little attention to this, especially the Z generation. Subang is a district in the province of West Java, Indonesia. The capital city is Subang Kota District.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":290,"width":454,"height":137,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Generation Z is the first generation born into a world where all physical aspects (people and places) have a digital equivalent. According to Generation Z, the real and virtual worlds are worlds that are closely side by side or overlapping in life. Generation Z has always been able to do a good job of customizing and identifying or adapting their own identity to make it easier for the world to recognize. Generation Z or known as the generation of bowing has now enlivened the world of work. The results of the 2020 population census show that the majority of Indonesia's population is dominated by generation Z with a percentage of 29.94 while the millennial generation is 25.87%. Therefore, Generation Z has a role in providing change and development in Indonesia. Generation Z is the term given to the generation born in 1995-2012, (David and Jonah, 2018). So that companies need generation Z who have the potential to carry out their duties optimally in order to achieve company goals.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":429,"width":454,"height":36,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the description above, research will be carried out with the title/topic of the effect of giving incentives, leadership style and work environment on the morale of generation Z employees in Subang Regency.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":480,"width":67,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Method","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":493,"width":454,"height":136,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. In this study, we will measure the effect of providing incentives, motivation, and the work environment on the morale of the employees of the Millennial Generation in Subang Regency. The types and sources of data needed in this study consist of primary and secondary data. Primary research data sources are obtained directly from the original source in the form of interviews, opinion polls from individuals or groups (people) as well as the results of observations of an object, event or test result (object). In other words, researchers need to collect data by answering research questions (survey method) or object research (observation method). Secondary research data sources are obtained through intermediary media or indirectly in the form of notebooks, existing evidence or archives, both published and not published in general. In other words, researchers need to collect data by visiting the Central Study Library, archive center or reading books related to their research.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":632,"width":454,"height":23,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The population of this study is generation Z born in 1997-2012. This means that by 2023 according to the working age group, the population of generation Z is as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":142,"top":670,"width":314,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 1 . The age group of the working population in Subang Regency","type":"Text"},{"left":207,"top":683,"width":181,"height":44,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"No Age Man Woman 1 15 years – 20 years 66,456 63,063 2 21 years – 26 years 67,488 65,615 Total","type":"Table"},{"left":172,"top":730,"width":254,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"( Source: Central Statistics Agency for Subang Regency)","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2994","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":113,"width":454,"height":86,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"So based on table I above, the male working age population is 127,519 while the female working age population is 133,103, so the total working age population of Generation Z is 260,622. The sampling technique used in this study uses. The reason for using this purposive sampling technique is because it is suitable for use in quantitative research, or studies that do not generalize according to Sugiyono, (2016: 85). To measure the sample size to be studied, the researcher uses the Slovin formula, where this formula is able to measure the sample size to be studied. The sample size to be studied as 99.999619 is rounded up to 100 employees.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":202,"width":454,"height":86,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"To obtain the data and information needed in this study, the researchers used two methods, namely library research and questionnaire techniques . In this study, the measurement scale used to measure attitudes, opinions and perceptions of a person or group of people about social phenomena. Data is processed using a Likert scale with answers to questions, namely a value scale of 1-5. The value in question is the score on the respondent's answer, where the value used by the researcher is as follows score 1: (STS) = Strongly disagree, score 2: (TS) = Disagree, score 3: (KS) = Disagree, score 4 : (S) = Agree, score 5: (SS) = Strongly agree.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":290,"width":454,"height":48,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The analysis technique used in this research is instrument test (validity test and reliability test), classic assumption test ( normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test). Then analyze descriptive statistics and test the hypothesis using multiple linear regression test, t test, test the coefficient of determination (R 2 ).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":354,"width":140,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Results And Discussion","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":366,"width":98,"height":23,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Descriptive Analysis a. Gender","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":392,"width":453,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Description of the characteristics of respondents based on gender can be seen in the following table:","type":"Text"},{"left":202,"top":429,"width":195,"height":71,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 2. Gender distribution of respondents Gender frequency Percentage Man 57 57% Woman 43 43% Total 100 100% Source: primary data processed","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":515,"width":453,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the table above, it can be seen that there are more female respondents than male respondents. Female respondents have a percentage of 57% while males have a percentage of 43%.","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":540,"width":39,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b. Age","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":553,"width":454,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"There is diversity in the age of research respondents in generation Z, it can be seen that the lowest age of the respondent is 17 years and the highest age is 26 years.","type":"Text"},{"left":180,"top":591,"width":238,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 3. Distribution of Respondents' Age Frequency","type":"Section header"},{"left":214,"top":604,"width":171,"height":68,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Interval class frequency percentage 17 - 20 years 16 16% 21 – 23 years 63 63% 24 – 26 years 21 21% Total 100 100% Source: primary data processed","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":675,"width":454,"height":35,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the frequency distribution table above, the histogram can be described as follows: Based on the distribution table, it can be seen that there are 16 respondents aged 17-20 years, 21-23 years old are 63 people, and 24-26 years old are 21 people.","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":713,"width":93,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c. Length of work","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":726,"width":453,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The characteristics of research respondents based on length of work can be seen in the table below:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2995","type":"Page footer"},{"left":209,"top":113,"width":180,"height":82,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 4. Respondents' length of service Length of work frequency percentage < 2 years 21 21% 24 years old 71 71% >5 years 8 8% Total 100 100% Source: primary data processed","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":210,"width":454,"height":48,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the table above, it can be seen that there are 21 respondents with a length of service of <2 years with a percentage of 21%, then respondents with the longest working period of 2-4 years with a total of 71 persons with a percentage of 71%, then the last one has worked > 5 years there are as many as 8 people with a percentage of 5%.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":261,"width":136,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Data instrument test results","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":274,"width":78,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Validity test","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":286,"width":427,"height":23,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The results of testing the validity of the variable question items giving incentives (X1) are presented in the following table;","type":"Text"},{"left":203,"top":324,"width":191,"height":116,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 5. Variavel X1 Validity Test Results Variable R count R table Information X1.1 0.771 0.195 Valid X1.2 0.867 0.195 Valid X1.3 0.795 0.195 Valid X1.4 0.882 0.195 Valid X1.5 0.862 0.195 Valid X1.6 0.562 0.195 Valid X1.7 0.730 0.195 Valid Source: Promer data processed from","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":455,"width":454,"height":36,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the table above, the results of the validity test of question items on variable X1 show that all question items have r count more than r table so that all question items in X1 are declared valid. Then on all question items carried out a reliability test.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":493,"width":394,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Next is the table of validity test results on the question item variable leadership style X2:","type":"Text"},{"left":163,"top":519,"width":272,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 6. Validity Test Results for Leadership Style Variables","type":"Section header"},{"left":205,"top":532,"width":188,"height":91,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Variable R count R table information X2.1 0.750 0.195 Valid X2.2 0.822 0.195 Valid X2.3 0.820 0.195 Valid X2.4 0.788 0.195 Valid X2.5 0.789 0.195 Valid X2.6 0.769 0.195 Valid Source: processed primary data","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":639,"width":454,"height":35,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The results of the X2 variavel validity test show that all question items have a value of r count more than r table. Then all statement items in the X2 variable are declared valid. Then on all the question items carried out a reliability test.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":677,"width":453,"height":22,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Furthermore, the results of the validity test on the item statement of the work environment variable X3 are as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2996","type":"Page footer"},{"left":144,"top":113,"width":310,"height":69,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 7. Test results for the validity of the work environment variable Variable R count R table information X3.1 0.685 0.195 Valid X3.2 0.780 0.195 Valid X3.3 0.493 0.195 Valid X3.4 0.805 0.195 Valid","type":"Table"},{"left":229,"top":185,"width":141,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Source: processed primary data","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":197,"width":454,"height":36,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"From the table above it is known that the results of the validity test at X3 show that all statement items have a value of r count more than r table. So that all question items on variable X3 are declared valid, then reliability tests are carried out on all of these statements.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":235,"width":419,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Then, the results of the validity test on the item statement variable morale (Y) are as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":189,"top":261,"width":220,"height":68,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 8. Results of Validity Test Variable morale Variable R count R table information Y1 0.809 0.195 Valid Y2 0.662 0.195 Valid Y3 0.725 0.195 Valid Y4 0.794 0.195 Valid","type":"Table"},{"left":229,"top":332,"width":141,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Source: processed primary data","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":358,"width":454,"height":35,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the table above, it can be seen that the results of the validity test on the Y variable show that all statement items have r count more than r table. So that the item statement on variable Y is declared valid. Then do the reliability test as many as 4 items","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":396,"width":93,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b. Reliability Test","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":408,"width":454,"height":23,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The following are the results of the reliability test on the variable questionnaire Incentives (X1), Leadership Style (X2), Work Environment (X3), and Work Morale (Y), namely:","type":"Text"},{"left":227,"top":446,"width":145,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 9. Reliability Test Results","type":"Text"},{"left":133,"top":459,"width":332,"height":56,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Variable Questionnaire Cronbach's alpha Number of items Information Incentives Giving 0.898 7 Reliable Leadership style 0.879 6 Reliable Work environment 0.646 4 Reliable Spirit at work 0.730 4 Reliable","type":"Table"},{"left":229,"top":518,"width":141,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Source: processed primary data","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":543,"width":454,"height":61,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"An instrument is said to be reliable if the Cronbach Alpha value is > 0.60 Sugiyono, (2016: 185). Based on the table above, it can be seen that the cronbach's alpha of the four variables is more than 0.600, namely 0.889 (X 1 ), 0.879 (X 2 ), 0.646 (X 3 ), and 0.730 (Y). so that the questionnaire variables X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and Y are declared reliable and able to become instruments for collecting data in this study.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":607,"width":163,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Classical Assumption Test Results","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":619,"width":88,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Normality test","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":632,"width":364,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The results of the data normality test for each independent variable are as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2997","type":"Page footer"},{"left":224,"top":113,"width":149,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 10. Normality Test Results","type":"Section header"},{"left":180,"top":303,"width":144,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Source : processed primary data","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":316,"width":454,"height":35,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the results of the normality test in the table above, it can be seen that the Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) value is 0.105. These results indicate that the Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) value is > 0.05, which means that the data in this study are normally distributed.","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":354,"width":123,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b. Multicollinearity Test","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":366,"width":453,"height":23,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"With the help of the IBM SPSS 20 program, the following are the results of the multicollinearity test:","type":"Text"},{"left":75,"top":404,"width":448,"height":115,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 11. Multicollinearity Test Results Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Q Sig. Collinearity Statistics B std. Error Betas tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) 9,941 1,471 6,760 .000 Incentives Giving .156 .050 .380 3.131 002 .498 2007 Leadership Style 094 077 .160 1.217 .226 .426 2,346 Work environment 052 .115 056 .452 .653 .484 2067","type":"Table"},{"left":75,"top":521,"width":126,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Dependent Variable: Morale","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":533,"width":166,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Source: processed questionnaire data","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":546,"width":454,"height":98,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the results of the multicollinearity test in the table above, the VIF value ( variance inflation factor ) of the incentive variable is 2.007 with a tolerance value of 0.498, a leadership style VIF value of 2.346 with a tolerance value of 0.426, and a work environment VIV value of 2067 with a tolerance value of 0.484. The criteria used to determine whether or not multicollinearity exists by looking at the VIF and tolerance values. If the VIF value is < 10 and the tolerance value for each independent variable is > 0.10, it can be concluded that the data in this study did not have multicollinearity. This means that in this study there was no correlation between the independent variables and was declared free of multicollinearity.","type":"Text"},{"left":213,"top":128,"width":172,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test","type":"Section header"},{"left":172,"top":140,"width":254,"height":135,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Unstandardiz ed Residuals N 100 Normal Parameters a,b Means .0000000 std. Deviation 1.91925868 Most Extreme Differences absolute 081 Positive 051 Negative -.081 Test Statistics 081 asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .105 c a. Test distribution is Normal.","type":"Table"},{"left":172,"top":278,"width":149,"height":20,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b. Calculated from data. c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2998","type":"Page footer"},{"left":82,"top":113,"width":110,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c. Heteroscedasticity","type":"Section header"},{"left":179,"top":321,"width":237,"height":22,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Figure 1. Heteroscedasticity Test Results Source: questionnaire data processed in attachment 5)","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":346,"width":454,"height":35,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the scaltterplot graph, it shows that there is a clear pattern and points that spread above and below or around zero. So it can be concluded that there is no heteroscedasticity in the regression model.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":384,"width":120,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Results of Data Analysis","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":397,"width":175,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Respondents Answer Descriptive","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":409,"width":357,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the results of previous calculations, the following criteria are obtained:","type":"Text"},{"left":211,"top":435,"width":173,"height":93,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 12. Descriptive Test Criteria Criteria Information 1.00 – 1.79 Very low 1.80 – 2.59 Low 2.6 – 3.39 Currently 3.40 – 4.19 Tall 4.20 – 5 Very high Source: processed data","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":530,"width":453,"height":23,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the table above, it can be seen that the criteria that determine the high and low answers from respondents regarding several variables in this research are as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":556,"width":370,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers Variable Giving Incentives (X1)","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":568,"width":410,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":594,"width":423,"height":149,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Descriptive Statistics of Variable Answers to Providing Incentives No Statement of Incentive Granting Average category X1.1 The incentives I received were satisfactory. 4,17 Tall X1.2 The incentives given by the company are in accordance with my performance 4,20 Very high X1.3 The incentives I receive meet the necessities of life 4.05 Tall X1.4 The incentives I receive are always increasing 4,17 Tall X1.5 The incentives I receive motivate my enthusiasm for work 4,42 Very high X1.6 I feel that giving incentives in the form of bonuses can increase morale at work 4.60 Very high X1.7 The incentives I receive are always on time 4,27 Very high","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2999","type":"Page footer"},{"left":124,"top":113,"width":371,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Average totals 4,268 Very high","type":"Table"},{"left":108,"top":126,"width":104,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Source: processed data","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":138,"width":454,"height":74,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the variable giving incentives in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is X1.6, namely \"I feel that giving incentives in the form of bonuses can increase morale at work\" of 4.60 with a very high category. Meanwhile, the question with the lowest average score is X1.3, namely \"The incentives I receive meet the necessities of life\" of 4.05 with the category of agreeing. Overall, the variable of giving incentives has an average value of 4.268 in the moderate category.","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":214,"width":381,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers on Leadership Style Variable (X2)","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":227,"width":410,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":252,"width":418,"height":138,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 14. Descriptive Statistics of Leadership Style Variable Answers No Leadership style statement Average Category X2.1 My leader is able to make good decisions 4.30 Very high X2.2 My leader is able to motivate and encourage me to excel at work 4.30 Very high X2.3 My leader has a good relationship with subordinates 3,32 Currently X2.4 My leader is able to control subordinates 4,20 Very high X2.5 My leader is able to lead the organization well 4,41 Very high X2.6 My leader is able to control emotions 4.06 Tall Average totals 4,098 Tall","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":393,"width":104,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Source: processed data","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":405,"width":454,"height":74,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the leadership style variable in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is X2.5, namely \"My leader is able to lead the organization well\" of 4.41 with a very high category. While the question with the lowest average score is X2.3 \"My leader has a good relationship with his subordinates\" of 3.32 in the moderate category. Overall, the leadership style variable has an average value of 4.098 in the strongly agree category.","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":482,"width":396,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers to Work Environment Variables (X3)","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":494,"width":410,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":519,"width":419,"height":115,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 15. Descriptive statistics on the answers to the Work Environment variable No Work environment statement Average Category X3.1 The lighting where I work is adequate 4,41 Very high X3.2 The color of the walls in my office really supports my state of mind for work 4,25 Very high X3.3 The air condition in the work space makes me comfortable while working 4.53 Very high X3.4 My work environment is quiet and noise- free 4,18 Tall Average totals 4,342 Very high","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":637,"width":104,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Source: processed data","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":650,"width":454,"height":73,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the work environment variables in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is X3.1, namely \"the lighting of the lights where I work is adequate\" of 4.41 in the strongly agree category. While the question with the lowest average value is X3.4, namely \"my work environment is quiet and free from noise\" of 4.18 with the agree category. Overall, the work environment variable has an average value of 4.342 in the strongly agree category.","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":726,"width":316,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers Variable Morale (Y)","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":738,"width":410,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3000","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":126,"width":419,"height":150,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 16. Descriptive Statistics Answers to the Morale variable No Statement of morale Average Category Y1 I am passionate about work so I am never absent from work 4,28 Very high Y2 I enjoy working with colleagues in getting work done 4,34 Very high Y3 I am passionate about work so come on time 4,18 Tall Y4 I am satisfied with the results of my work which I always complete properly and correctly 4,28 Very high Average totals 4,27 Very high Source: processed data","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":279,"width":454,"height":73,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the morale variable in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is Y2, namely \"I like working with colleagues in completing tasks\" of 4.34 with a very high category. While the question with the lowest average value is Y3, namely \"I am enthusiastic at work so I arrive on time\" of 4.18 in the High category. Overall, the work environment variable has an average value of 4.27 in the very agree category.","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":355,"width":138,"height":10,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b. Multiple Regression Test","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":368,"width":454,"height":35,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"This study uses multiple regression tests because this study analyzes the influence or relationship of more than one independent variable to the dependent. Following are the results of the Multiple Regression Test in this study:","type":"Text"},{"left":213,"top":418,"width":172,"height":10,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 17. Multiple Regression Results","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":559,"width":98,"height":10,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Source: data obtained","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":572,"width":453,"height":22,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the results of the previous table 17 test which showed the results of multiple regression tests in this study, it can be formulated in this study as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":622,"width":58,"height":10,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Information:","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":635,"width":148,"height":10,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Y = Enthusiasm for work","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":648,"width":131,"height":22,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a = Constant X1 = giving incentives","type":"Table"},{"left":100,"top":673,"width":128,"height":23,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"X2 = Leadership style X3","type":"Table"},{"left":100,"top":686,"width":419,"height":35,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"= Work environment e = Standard error The coefficients of the multiple linear regression equation above can be interpreted as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":75,"top":430,"width":425,"height":113,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardize d Coefficients Q Sig. B std. Error Betas 1 (Constant) 1,581 1,337 1,183 .240 Incentives Giving .234 039 .492 6034 .000 leadership style .256 063 .327 4,091 .000 work environment .169 .067 .157 2,523 013","type":"Table"},{"left":75,"top":546,"width":138,"height":10,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Dependent Variable: morale","type":"Text"},{"left":176,"top":608,"width":200,"height":10,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Y = 1,581 + 0,234 X1+ 0,256 X2+ 0,169 X3","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3001","type":"Page footer"},{"left":81,"top":113,"width":445,"height":35,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a) the constant value in the equation is equal to 1.581: it means that the variables of incentives, leadership style and work environment (X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 ) have a zero value, so the morale value is 1.581.","type":"List item"},{"left":81,"top":151,"width":445,"height":48,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b) the regression coefficient of the variable providing incentives is equal to 0.234, meaning that every increase or decrease in the value of the variable providing incentives is equal to one unit and the value of the other variables is constant, the value of employee morale will increase by 0.234 units .","type":"List item"},{"left":81,"top":202,"width":445,"height":48,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c) the regression coefficient of the leadership style variable is 0.256, meaning that every increase or decrease in the value of the leadership style variable is equal to one unit and the value of the other variables is constant, the morale value of generation Z employees will increase by 0.256 units","type":"List item"},{"left":81,"top":252,"width":445,"height":48,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"d) the regression coefficient of the work environment variable is equal to 0.169, meaning that for each increase or decrease in the value of the work environment variable one unit and the value of the other variables remains constant, the morale value of generation Z employees will increase by 0.169 units.","type":"List item"},{"left":82,"top":303,"width":181,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c. Determinant Coefficient Test (R2)","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":316,"width":394,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The following results of the coefficient of determination (R2) in the study are as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":200,"top":341,"width":198,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 18. Coefficient of Determination (R2)","type":"Text"},{"left":244,"top":417,"width":111,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"S source: processed data","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":429,"width":454,"height":48,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the table above, the results show that the R square value of 0.665 indicates that the percentage contribution of the variables providing incentives, leadership style, and work environment to the morale of generation Z employees is 65.5%, while the remaining 34.5% is influenced by other variables outside the research.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":480,"width":89,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hypothesis testing","type":"Text"},{"left":82,"top":493,"width":109,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a. Partial Test (t test)","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":505,"width":223,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Following are the results of the t test in this study:","type":"Text"},{"left":221,"top":531,"width":157,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 19. Statistical Test Results T","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":652,"width":104,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Source: processed data","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":677,"width":453,"height":23,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the results of the t test analysis can be used to test the hypothesis through the following analysis:","type":"Text"},{"left":81,"top":703,"width":445,"height":48,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1) Based on the table above, it can be seen that the significant value of the incentive variable is 0.000, meaning that the significant value is less than 0.05. It can be formulated that the significance value is 0.000 <0.05, and the calculated value is 6.034 > t table is 1.984. These results can be concluded that the provision of incentives has a significant positive effect on","type":"List item"},{"left":151,"top":356,"width":296,"height":56,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Summary models Model R R Square Adjusted R Square std. Error of the Estimate 1 .815 a .665 .654 1.153 a. Predictors: (Constant), work environment, leadership style, incentives","type":"Table"},{"left":82,"top":545,"width":434,"height":104,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Q Sig. B std. Error Betas 1 (Constant) 1,581 1,337 1,183 .240 Incentives Giving .234 039 .492 6034 .000 leadership style .256 063 .327 4,091 .000 work environment .169 .067 .157 2,523 013 a. Dependent Variable: morale","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3002","type":"Page footer"},{"left":99,"top":113,"width":427,"height":23,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"employee morale. So the results prove that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted or H1 is accepted.","type":"Text"},{"left":81,"top":138,"width":445,"height":74,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2) Based on the table above, it can be seen that the significant value of the leadership style variable is 0.000, meaning that the significant value is less than 0.05. It can be formulated that the significance value is 0.000 <0.05, and the calculated value is 4.091 > t table is 1.984. These results can be concluded that leadership style has a significant positive effect on employee morale. So that the results prove that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted or H2 is accepted.","type":"List item"},{"left":81,"top":214,"width":445,"height":61,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3) Based on the table above, it can be seen that the significant value of the incentive variable is 0.013, meaning that the significant value is less than 0.05. It can be formulated that the significance value is 0.013 <0.05, and the calculated value is 2.523 > t table is 1.984. These results can be concluded that leadership style has a significant positive effect on employee morale. So the results prove that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted or H3 is accepted.","type":"List item"},{"left":82,"top":278,"width":100,"height":10,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b. Statistical Test F","type":"List item"},{"left":100,"top":290,"width":333,"height":10,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The following are the results of the statistical test f in this study as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":316,"width":383,"height":91,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Table 20. Test f ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares Df MeanSquare F Sig. 1 Regression 252,949 3 84,316 63,455 .000 b residual 127,561 96 1,329 Total 380,510 99 a. Dependent Variable: morale","type":"Table"},{"left":106,"top":410,"width":292,"height":9,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b. Predictors: (Constant), work environment, leadership style, incentives","type":"Text"},{"left":108,"top":422,"width":185,"height":10,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Source: data obtained from attachment 6)","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":447,"width":454,"height":61,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the table above, it can be seen that the F value is 63.455. And the significance value is 0.000. It can be formulated that a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 means that the significance value is less than 0.05 and F count is 63.455 > F table is 2.698. So that the hypothesis is accepted, namely the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment have a significant positive effect on employee morale.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":523,"width":52,"height":10,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Discussion","type":"Section header"},{"left":81,"top":536,"width":274,"height":10,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. The effect of providing incentives on employee morale","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":548,"width":454,"height":162,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the analysis of the multiple regression tests performed, it shows that the variable of giving incentives has a t count value of 6.034 > t table 1.984, and a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05). These results mean that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the variable of giving incentives has a significant positive effect on morale. Incentives are a system of giving remuneration that is linked to performance, both material and non-material in nature which can provide motivation or driving force for employees to work better and enthusiastically, so that employee performance or work results increase which in the end the company's goals can be achieved. Rochmatetal, 2013). Meanwhile, according to Sopiah and Sangadji (2018: 365) Incentives are direct rewards paid to employees because their performance exceeds the specified standard. Assuming that money can be used to encourage employees to work even harder, those who are productive prefer to be paid based on their work. The results of this study are reinforced by previous research conducted by the results of this study which have been proven by Anita (2015) and Atmaja (2014) stating that incentives have a positive influence on employee morale","type":"Text"},{"left":81,"top":713,"width":269,"height":10,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. The influence of leadership style on employee morale","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":725,"width":454,"height":23,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the analysis of the multiple regression tests performed, it shows that the leadership style variable has a t count value of 4.091 > t table 1.984, and a significance value of 0.000 (0.000","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3003","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":113,"width":454,"height":124,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"<0.05). These results mean that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the leadership style variable has a significant positive effect on morale. According to Thoha (2017: 49) leadership style is a behavioral norm that is used by someone when someone is trying to influence the behavior of others as seen. Leadership style is a way for a leader to be able to influence an employee in order to achieve the goals of a company. According to Sadariah (2016: 12) leadership style is the style used by managers to influence, organize and coordinate employees in order to achieve effective company goals. Therefore as a leader must have a good leadership style in order to achieve company goals. The results of this study are reinforced by previous research conducted. The results of this study have been proven by Dharmayanti (2021) stating that leadership style has a positive and partially significant effect on employee morale.","type":"Text"},{"left":81,"top":240,"width":301,"height":10,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. The influence of the work environment on employee morale","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":252,"width":454,"height":188,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the analysis of the multiple regression tests performed, it shows that the work environment variable has a t-value of 2,523 > t-table of 1.984, and a significance value of 0.000 (0.013 <0.05). These results mean that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the work environment variable has a significant positive effect on morale. The work environment for every employee is very important, because with a good work environment employees can make them more responsible for their work. According to Setiyani et al ( 2019) the work environment is not only from the factors of work facilities that are fulfilled, but from the comfort of communicating and working with fellow team members. Maidiyanto et al., (2021) the work environment is everything that is around the worker and that can influence him in carrying out the tasks assigned to make high performance, it is necessary to increase work optimally and be able to take advantage of the potential of human resources possessed by employees to create organizational goals, so that it will make a positive contribution to organizational development. This research is in line with previous research conducted by Chandra & Setiawan (2018) in the study revealed that the work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee morale Implementation of Research results","type":"Text"},{"left":81,"top":442,"width":153,"height":10,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Theoretical Implementation","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":455,"width":454,"height":48,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The results of this study also support or strengthen the results of previous studies which state that the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment have a positive and significant effect on the morale of generation Z employees. used as an antecedent variable that affects employee morale.","type":"Text"},{"left":81,"top":506,"width":153,"height":10,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Managerial Implementation","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":518,"width":454,"height":61,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"By accepting the first hypothesis, namely the provision of incentives has a positive effect on morale, the effort to increase morale is to increase the provision of incentives. On the basis of the findings above, a number of implementations have been put forward with efforts to increase the provision of incentives , which need to be considered by company leaders and considering that providing incentives can encourage every member in it to complete their tasks properly.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":581,"width":454,"height":86,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Leadership style is a process or strategy implemented by a leader to be able to influence employees to help achieve the goals of an organization. Basically the ideal leader is a leader who is able to solve complex problems accompanied by existing creativity. Then the right leadership style is able to reflect the magnitude of the superior's responsibility to his employees. When employees get an example of proper leadership from superiors, this can encourage employees to be disciplined in implementing occupational safety and health. Therefore, it is hoped that the leaders will be able to set the right example for their employees or employees.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":670,"width":454,"height":73,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"As with the work environment which has a positive effect on employee morale, the effort to increase morale is to improve the work environment. Human life and the environment have a close relationship. In this case, humans will always try to adapt to various environmental conditions. Likewise, when doing work, employees as human beings cannot be separated from the various circumstances surrounding the place where they work, namely the work environment. During work, each employee will interact with various conditions in the work environment. To create a productive","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3004","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":113,"width":454,"height":48,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"work environment is not easy, it requires direct contribution from each team member, so that a comfortable and enjoyable work atmosphere can be created by itself. This needs to be considered by company leaders, considering that conducive working conditions will encourage each member in it to complete their tasks properly.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":177,"width":81,"height":10,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4. Conclusion","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":189,"width":454,"height":238,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on the results of research and hypothesis testing, the following conclusions can be drawn: Providing incentives has a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees, this is indicated by a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05); Leadership style has a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees with a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05); The work environment has a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees with a significance of 0.013 (0.013 <0.05 ); Providing incentives, leadership style, and work environment have a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees with a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05). Based on the variable of giving incentives to generation Z employees, it would be better if company leaders paid attention to giving incentives to their employees so that they could encourage their employees' morale; based on work environment variables, generation Z employees are better off maintaining conditions and creating a good, comfortable and conducive work environment as well as establishing good relations with one another's employees in order to create good performance; based on the leadership style variable for generation Z employees, it would be better if the leadership approached their employees more, maximized their ability to provide instructions and correct their employees' mistakes by making an approach, understanding the characteristics of employees, accepting employee complaints and suggestions, and involving employees in making decisions with company policy. The goal is for leaders to get closer to employees and be able to find out the nature and mistakes of employees, to then make decisions and provide instructions to employees.","type":"Text"},{"left":275,"top":442,"width":47,"height":10,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Referensi","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":464,"width":455,"height":35,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ariansyah, F., Kusumayadi, F., 2022. Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Pegawai Pada Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPENDA) Kota Bima . Program Studi Manajemen. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Bima.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":502,"width":454,"height":35,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cahyani, M, D, M., Mujiati, W., 2019. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Motivasi Dan Kompensansi Terhadap Semangat Kerja . Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Universitas Udayana (Unud), Bali, Indonesia.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":540,"width":454,"height":35,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Chandra, D, A., Roy Setiawan, 2018. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Iklim Organisasi Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan PT.Diantri . Program Manajemen Bisnis, Program Studi Manajemen. Universitas Kristen Petra.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":578,"width":454,"height":22,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Chistiano, A., 2016. Pengaruh Motivasi Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Pada PT.Mitra Anda Di Pontianak . STIE Widya Dharma.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":603,"width":454,"height":111,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dharmayanti, T, I. Kawiyana, P, G. Astrama, M., 2021. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Gianyar. Fakultas Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Pariwisata. Universitas Hindu Indonesia. Duha, S, H., Duha, T., Buulolo, P., 2021 . Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai Yang Dimediasi Oleh Kepemimpinan (Studi Pada Dinas Perpustakaan Kabupaten Nias Selatan). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiwa Nias Selatan. Faruk, 2020. Pengaruh Pemberian Insentif Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Di Bagian Produksi PT.Jasa Indah Maritim . Program Studi Manajemen STIE Yapan.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":717,"width":454,"height":22,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Harianto, E. Yusuf, M., 2020. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Semangat Kerja . Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Bima","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":67,"width":237,"height":26,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":432,"top":82,"width":85,"height":11,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2302-0059","type":"Page header"},{"left":142,"top":762,"width":385,"height":31,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3005","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":113,"width":454,"height":35,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Muhammad Nur Holis M, N., Alif, D, D, A., 2022. Analisis Pengaruh Motivasi, Dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Pada PT Semangat Kerja Karyawan CV.Lima Utama Banyuwangi . Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Banyuwangi E.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":151,"width":454,"height":73,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rachman, M, M., 2016. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Pemberian Insentif Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan (Studi Kasus Pada PT. Tatamulia Nusantara Indah Surabaya). Dosen FE. Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Rahmanda, N, R., Verawati, D, M., 2022. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja (Studi Kasus Pada Karyawan KSP AMAJ Kota Magelang). Akuntansi Bisnis Dan Keuangan. Universitas Tidar.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":227,"width":454,"height":111,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rismawati. Syafira N, D., 2020. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai . Jurnal Manajemen Stategik Kewirausahaan. Sari, F, M., Koto, M, s., Simamora, F, N., 2022. Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Insentif Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai Pada Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan Pendapatan Dan Aset Daerah Kota Sibolga . Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Al Washliyah Sibolga/Tapanuli Tengah. Suparjono, 2020. Pengaruh Pemberian Insentif Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai Pada Biro Administrasi Umum Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau . Program Studi Manajemen. Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":341,"width":455,"height":35,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Syamsyudin., Bachiar T, 2018. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Motivasi Terhadap Semangat Kerja Divisi Produksi Karyawan Pada PT.Utama Gas Multi Perkasa Cabang Serang . Program Studi Manajemen. Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis. Universitas Serang Raya.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":379,"width":454,"height":48,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Turangan, O, W., Christoffel Kojo, C., Mintardjo, C,. 2017. Pengaruh Pemberian Upah Dan Insentif Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Pegawai Kantor Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jurusan Manajemen. Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado.","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2991\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 83,\n \"top\": 114,\n \"width\": 433,\n \"height\": 42,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"THE INFLUENCE OF GIVING LEADERSHIP STYLE INCENTIVES AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON THE WORK SPIRIT OF GENERATION Z EMPLOYEES IN SUBANG DISTRICT\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 147,\n \"top\": 171,\n \"width\": 303,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Asri Widianingsih, Rina Dwiarti Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Indonesia Email : Widianasri13@gmail.com , Rina@mercubuana-yogya.ac.id\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 221,\n \"width\": 57,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Article Info\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 247,\n \"width\": 100,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Received: 12/05/2023 Revised: 30/06/2023 Accepted: 05/07/2023\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 189,\n \"top\": 221,\n \"width\": 336,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Human resources are very influential on the economic development of a local or global company. That is why the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment is an important part of human resource management, so that it can affect the morale of an employee which can support the company's achievements. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment affect employee morale. This type of research used is quantitative research. This research was conducted on generation Z employees in Subang Regency. The research population is 100 Generation Z employees. The probability sampling method is simple random sampling. The results showed that the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment had a significant positive effect on employee morale.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 350,\n \"width\": 384,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keywords: giving incentives, leadership style, work environment and employee morale\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 379,\n \"width\": 91,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Introduction\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 391,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"One of the key factors in global competition is human resources (HR). It is important for companies to create human resources with high quality, skills and a highly competitive culture in an increasingly fierce global competition. HR is also the most important factor in driving the company's activities, therefore the company must ensure that the morale of HR is maintained when carrying out their duties. Positive work spirit is very important to increase the success of the company in order to survive in an increasingly competitive era.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 467,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Morale is the extent to which employees are passionate about carrying out their duties and responsibilities within the company Widiantari, et al (2015: 4). Meanwhile, according to Hasibuan (2013: 141) Morale is encouragement or driving motivation to question how to direct the power and potential of subordinates, so that they want to work together productively to achieve and realize predetermined goals. Morale is very important to stimulate a person to work and be creative in his work. Indications of decreased morale can be seen from low productivity, high absenteeism, high employee turnover, increased damage rates, widespread anxiety, frequent demands and strikes. Morale is also a picture of feelings, desires or sincerity of individuals or groups towards the organization which will affect the discipline and willingness of individuals in organizational activities to do tasks better and faster.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 594,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Employee morale is sometimes considered trivial by company leaders, but employee morale is very important for every employee, if every employee has high morale every employee will put out all his abilities to complete the tasks assigned to him so that employee performance will also be better as well as being able to complete tasks quickly, well and the results are satisfactory for agencies or companies Kusuma (2016). Wukir (2013: 118) states that there are two factors that affect morale, namely: 1. Factors related to finance, for example salary, wages or incentives. 2. Non-financial factors such as employment status, recognition/awards, delegation of authority, working conditions, harmonious relationships, and promotions. Some aspects which may affect employee morale consists of aspects of incentives, leadership style, and work environment.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 708,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Incentives are direct rewards paid to employees because their performance exceeds specified standards. Assuming that money can be used to encourage employees to work even harder, those who are productive prefer their salary to be paid based on the work of Sopiah and Sangadji (2018: 365).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2992\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 137,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"According to Larasati (2018: 99) Incentives are awards given to motivate workers to have high work productivity, which are not fixed or intermittent. Meanwhile, according to (Rochmatetal, 2013) incentives are a system of providing remuneration linked to performance, both material and non- material in nature which can provide motivation or driving force for employees to work better and enthusiastically, so that employee performance or work results increase In the end the company's goals can be achieved. Hendry (2013) incentives are incentives that are given voluntarily to employees in increasing their morale and success in order to gain competitive advantage. Based on the theories of some of these experts, it can be concluded in a general sense that giving incentives is very important to implement in a company because it indirectly affects employees so that their morale is higher. Therefore, leaders must pay attention to and understand subordinates so that each subordinate can be led.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 252,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"According to Hendry's theory (2013) incentives are incentives that are given voluntarily to employees in increasing their morale and success in order to gain competitive advantage. The previous research conducted by Sari et al (2022) stated that incentives had a positive and significant effect on employee morale. Then supported by Suparjono (2020) states that incentives have a significant relationship and influence on work morale. Meanwhile, Maria (2017) stated that incentives had no significant effect on employee morale.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 328,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 137,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Leadership style is a norm that is driven by someone when that person tries to influence the behavior of others as he sees it. Leaders need to think about the most appropriate leadership style, namely a leadership style that can maximize performance, and is easy to adapt to all situations within the organization Fahmi et al ( 2014, p. 4). Paramita (2017), states that leadership is an activity of influencing people so that they want to work together to achieve the desired goals. According to Mulyadi ( 2018: 27) leadership style is a set of characteristics used by leaders to influence subordinates so that organizational goals can be achieved or it can also be said that leadership style is a pattern of behavior and strategies that are liked and often applied by a leader. Meanwhile, according to Sigian (2017) a person's leadership style is identical to the person's leadership type. The leadership style of a leader has its own unique and distinctive traits, habits, temperament, character, and personality, to the behavior and style that distinguishes him from others.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 467,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 137,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"morale is needed in every collaborative effort to achieve organizational goals, because with high morale it will result in high performance and productivity for the organization. Several factors can affect employee morale, one of which is the leadership applied within the Tarlis organization (2017). The ability of leaders to influence others will provide separate motivation for employees to do something to achieve the desired goals. Based on the results of previous research according to Dharmayanti (2021) stated that leadership style has a positive and partially significant effect on work enthusiasm at the Gianyar Regency Transportation Service. Then according to Ainun, et al (2021) also stated that leadership style has a significant effect on the morale of employees of PT. Pelindo Makassar New Port Container Terminal. Meanwhile, according to Masmarulan, et al (2021) it is different, stating that the autocratic leadership style has a negative and insignificant effect on employee morale.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 606,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 137,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Not only the provision of incentives and leadership style that can affect employee morale at work, but the work environment also has the same influence. Sunyoto (2015: 38) states that the work environment is a very important component for employees when carrying out their work. According to Siagian (2014: 56) which also states that the work environment is an environment used by employees in carrying out their daily work. Meanwhile, according to George in Hasibuan (2017: 163) , argues that employees have needs related to the place and atmosphere in which they work, namely: decent and fair wages, opportunities for advancement/promotion, recognition as individuals, job security, workplace good, acceptance by the group, fair treatment and recognition of achievements. So that the work environment can be known as a condition where an employee works can influence himself in increasing his work productivity. The work environment has an important role in supporting and providing a positive influence on employee morale in realizing organizational goals.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2993\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"According to Zagoto's theory (2018) it shows that a good work environment provided will be well received by employees so as to generate employee morale so that the goals of the company are achieved. Meanwhile, according to Chandra & Setiawan (2018) it is clear that the real work environment influences the enthusiasm of its employees in carrying out all their duties in order to achieve a goal in an organization efficiently and effectively. This was also conveyed by several previous researchers such as Faruk (2020) who stated that the work environment has a significant positive effect on morale. Suparjono (2020) also expressed the opinion that the work environment simultaneously has a significant relationship and influence on work morale. Rozy (2021) states that the work environment has a negative value on morale (has no and significant influence).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 227,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Provision of incentives, leadership style, and a good work environment are very important factors in increasing employee morale. High employee morale can increase the productivity and morale of the company's employees as a whole. However, in reality, there are still many companies in Subang Regency that pay little attention to this, especially the Z generation. Subang is a district in the province of West Java, Indonesia. The capital city is Subang Kota District.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 290,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 137,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Generation Z is the first generation born into a world where all physical aspects (people and places) have a digital equivalent. According to Generation Z, the real and virtual worlds are worlds that are closely side by side or overlapping in life. Generation Z has always been able to do a good job of customizing and identifying or adapting their own identity to make it easier for the world to recognize. Generation Z or known as the generation of bowing has now enlivened the world of work. The results of the 2020 population census show that the majority of Indonesia's population is dominated by generation Z with a percentage of 29.94 while the millennial generation is 25.87%. Therefore, Generation Z has a role in providing change and development in Indonesia. Generation Z is the term given to the generation born in 1995-2012, (David and Jonah, 2018). So that companies need generation Z who have the potential to carry out their duties optimally in order to achieve company goals.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 429,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the description above, research will be carried out with the title/topic of the effect of giving incentives, leadership style and work environment on the morale of generation Z employees in Subang Regency.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 480,\n \"width\": 67,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Method\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 493,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. In this study, we will measure the effect of providing incentives, motivation, and the work environment on the morale of the employees of the Millennial Generation in Subang Regency. The types and sources of data needed in this study consist of primary and secondary data. Primary research data sources are obtained directly from the original source in the form of interviews, opinion polls from individuals or groups (people) as well as the results of observations of an object, event or test result (object). In other words, researchers need to collect data by answering research questions (survey method) or object research (observation method). Secondary research data sources are obtained through intermediary media or indirectly in the form of notebooks, existing evidence or archives, both published and not published in general. In other words, researchers need to collect data by visiting the Central Study Library, archive center or reading books related to their research.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 632,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The population of this study is generation Z born in 1997-2012. This means that by 2023 according to the working age group, the population of generation Z is as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 670,\n \"width\": 314,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 1 . The age group of the working population in Subang Regency\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 207,\n \"top\": 683,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"No Age Man Woman 1 15 years – 20 years 66,456 63,063 2 21 years – 26 years 67,488 65,615 Total\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 172,\n \"top\": 730,\n \"width\": 254,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"( Source: Central Statistics Agency for Subang Regency)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2994\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"So based on table I above, the male working age population is 127,519 while the female working age population is 133,103, so the total working age population of Generation Z is 260,622. The sampling technique used in this study uses. The reason for using this purposive sampling technique is because it is suitable for use in quantitative research, or studies that do not generalize according to Sugiyono, (2016: 85). To measure the sample size to be studied, the researcher uses the Slovin formula, where this formula is able to measure the sample size to be studied. The sample size to be studied as 99.999619 is rounded up to 100 employees.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 202,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"To obtain the data and information needed in this study, the researchers used two methods, namely library research and questionnaire techniques . In this study, the measurement scale used to measure attitudes, opinions and perceptions of a person or group of people about social phenomena. Data is processed using a Likert scale with answers to questions, namely a value scale of 1-5. The value in question is the score on the respondent's answer, where the value used by the researcher is as follows score 1: (STS) = Strongly disagree, score 2: (TS) = Disagree, score 3: (KS) = Disagree, score 4 : (S) = Agree, score 5: (SS) = Strongly agree.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 290,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The analysis technique used in this research is instrument test (validity test and reliability test), classic assumption test ( normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test). Then analyze descriptive statistics and test the hypothesis using multiple linear regression test, t test, test the coefficient of determination (R 2 ).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 354,\n \"width\": 140,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Results And Discussion\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 366,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Descriptive Analysis a. Gender\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 392,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Description of the characteristics of respondents based on gender can be seen in the following table:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 202,\n \"top\": 429,\n \"width\": 195,\n \"height\": 71,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 2. Gender distribution of respondents Gender frequency Percentage Man 57 57% Woman 43 43% Total 100 100% Source: primary data processed\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 515,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the table above, it can be seen that there are more female respondents than male respondents. Female respondents have a percentage of 57% while males have a percentage of 43%.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 540,\n \"width\": 39,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b. Age\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 553,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"There is diversity in the age of research respondents in generation Z, it can be seen that the lowest age of the respondent is 17 years and the highest age is 26 years.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 180,\n \"top\": 591,\n \"width\": 238,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 3. Distribution of Respondents' Age Frequency\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 214,\n \"top\": 604,\n \"width\": 171,\n \"height\": 68,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Interval class frequency percentage 17 - 20 years 16 16% 21 – 23 years 63 63% 24 – 26 years 21 21% Total 100 100% Source: primary data processed\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 675,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the frequency distribution table above, the histogram can be described as follows: Based on the distribution table, it can be seen that there are 16 respondents aged 17-20 years, 21-23 years old are 63 people, and 24-26 years old are 21 people.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 713,\n \"width\": 93,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c. Length of work\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 726,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The characteristics of research respondents based on length of work can be seen in the table below:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2995\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 209,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 82,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 4. Respondents' length of service Length of work frequency percentage < 2 years 21 21% 24 years old 71 71% >5 years 8 8% Total 100 100% Source: primary data processed\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 210,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the table above, it can be seen that there are 21 respondents with a length of service of <2 years with a percentage of 21%, then respondents with the longest working period of 2-4 years with a total of 71 persons with a percentage of 71%, then the last one has worked > 5 years there are as many as 8 people with a percentage of 5%.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 261,\n \"width\": 136,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Data instrument test results\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 274,\n \"width\": 78,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Validity test\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 286,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The results of testing the validity of the variable question items giving incentives (X1) are presented in the following table;\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 203,\n \"top\": 324,\n \"width\": 191,\n \"height\": 116,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 5. Variavel X1 Validity Test Results Variable R count R table Information X1.1 0.771 0.195 Valid X1.2 0.867 0.195 Valid X1.3 0.795 0.195 Valid X1.4 0.882 0.195 Valid X1.5 0.862 0.195 Valid X1.6 0.562 0.195 Valid X1.7 0.730 0.195 Valid Source: Promer data processed from\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 455,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the table above, the results of the validity test of question items on variable X1 show that all question items have r count more than r table so that all question items in X1 are declared valid. Then on all question items carried out a reliability test.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 493,\n \"width\": 394,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Next is the table of validity test results on the question item variable leadership style X2:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 163,\n \"top\": 519,\n \"width\": 272,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 6. Validity Test Results for Leadership Style Variables\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 205,\n \"top\": 532,\n \"width\": 188,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Variable R count R table information X2.1 0.750 0.195 Valid X2.2 0.822 0.195 Valid X2.3 0.820 0.195 Valid X2.4 0.788 0.195 Valid X2.5 0.789 0.195 Valid X2.6 0.769 0.195 Valid Source: processed primary data\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 639,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The results of the X2 variavel validity test show that all question items have a value of r count more than r table. Then all statement items in the X2 variable are declared valid. Then on all the question items carried out a reliability test.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 677,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Furthermore, the results of the validity test on the item statement of the work environment variable X3 are as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2996\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 144,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 310,\n \"height\": 69,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 7. Test results for the validity of the work environment variable Variable R count R table information X3.1 0.685 0.195 Valid X3.2 0.780 0.195 Valid X3.3 0.493 0.195 Valid X3.4 0.805 0.195 Valid\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 229,\n \"top\": 185,\n \"width\": 141,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Source: processed primary data\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 197,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"From the table above it is known that the results of the validity test at X3 show that all statement items have a value of r count more than r table. So that all question items on variable X3 are declared valid, then reliability tests are carried out on all of these statements.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 235,\n \"width\": 419,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Then, the results of the validity test on the item statement variable morale (Y) are as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 189,\n \"top\": 261,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 68,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 8. Results of Validity Test Variable morale Variable R count R table information Y1 0.809 0.195 Valid Y2 0.662 0.195 Valid Y3 0.725 0.195 Valid Y4 0.794 0.195 Valid\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 229,\n \"top\": 332,\n \"width\": 141,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Source: processed primary data\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 358,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the table above, it can be seen that the results of the validity test on the Y variable show that all statement items have r count more than r table. So that the item statement on variable Y is declared valid. Then do the reliability test as many as 4 items\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 396,\n \"width\": 93,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b. Reliability Test\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 408,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The following are the results of the reliability test on the variable questionnaire Incentives (X1), Leadership Style (X2), Work Environment (X3), and Work Morale (Y), namely:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 227,\n \"top\": 446,\n \"width\": 145,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 9. Reliability Test Results\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 133,\n \"top\": 459,\n \"width\": 332,\n \"height\": 56,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Variable Questionnaire Cronbach's alpha Number of items Information Incentives Giving 0.898 7 Reliable Leadership style 0.879 6 Reliable Work environment 0.646 4 Reliable Spirit at work 0.730 4 Reliable\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 229,\n \"top\": 518,\n \"width\": 141,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Source: processed primary data\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 543,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"An instrument is said to be reliable if the Cronbach Alpha value is > 0.60 Sugiyono, (2016: 185). Based on the table above, it can be seen that the cronbach's alpha of the four variables is more than 0.600, namely 0.889 (X 1 ), 0.879 (X 2 ), 0.646 (X 3 ), and 0.730 (Y). so that the questionnaire variables X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and Y are declared reliable and able to become instruments for collecting data in this study.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 607,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Classical Assumption Test Results\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 619,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Normality test\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 632,\n \"width\": 364,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The results of the data normality test for each independent variable are as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2997\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 224,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 149,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 10. Normality Test Results\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 180,\n \"top\": 303,\n \"width\": 144,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Source : processed primary data\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 316,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of the normality test in the table above, it can be seen that the Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) value is 0.105. These results indicate that the Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) value is > 0.05, which means that the data in this study are normally distributed.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 354,\n \"width\": 123,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b. Multicollinearity Test\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 366,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"With the help of the IBM SPSS 20 program, the following are the results of the multicollinearity test:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 75,\n \"top\": 404,\n \"width\": 448,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 11. Multicollinearity Test Results Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Q Sig. Collinearity Statistics B std. Error Betas tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) 9,941 1,471 6,760 .000 Incentives Giving .156 .050 .380 3.131 002 .498 2007 Leadership Style 094 077 .160 1.217 .226 .426 2,346 Work environment 052 .115 056 .452 .653 .484 2067\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 75,\n \"top\": 521,\n \"width\": 126,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Dependent Variable: Morale\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 533,\n \"width\": 166,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Source: processed questionnaire data\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 546,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 98,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of the multicollinearity test in the table above, the VIF value ( variance inflation factor ) of the incentive variable is 2.007 with a tolerance value of 0.498, a leadership style VIF value of 2.346 with a tolerance value of 0.426, and a work environment VIV value of 2067 with a tolerance value of 0.484. The criteria used to determine whether or not multicollinearity exists by looking at the VIF and tolerance values. If the VIF value is < 10 and the tolerance value for each independent variable is > 0.10, it can be concluded that the data in this study did not have multicollinearity. This means that in this study there was no correlation between the independent variables and was declared free of multicollinearity.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 213,\n \"top\": 128,\n \"width\": 172,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 172,\n \"top\": 140,\n \"width\": 254,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Unstandardiz ed Residuals N 100 Normal Parameters a,b Means .0000000 std. Deviation 1.91925868 Most Extreme Differences absolute 081 Positive 051 Negative -.081 Test Statistics 081 asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .105 c a. Test distribution is Normal.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 172,\n \"top\": 278,\n \"width\": 149,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b. Calculated from data. c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2998\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 110,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c. Heteroscedasticity\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 179,\n \"top\": 321,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Figure 1. Heteroscedasticity Test Results Source: questionnaire data processed in attachment 5)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 346,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the scaltterplot graph, it shows that there is a clear pattern and points that spread above and below or around zero. So it can be concluded that there is no heteroscedasticity in the regression model.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 384,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Results of Data Analysis\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 397,\n \"width\": 175,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Respondents Answer Descriptive\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 409,\n \"width\": 357,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of previous calculations, the following criteria are obtained:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 211,\n \"top\": 435,\n \"width\": 173,\n \"height\": 93,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 12. Descriptive Test Criteria Criteria Information 1.00 – 1.79 Very low 1.80 – 2.59 Low 2.6 – 3.39 Currently 3.40 – 4.19 Tall 4.20 – 5 Very high Source: processed data\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 530,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the table above, it can be seen that the criteria that determine the high and low answers from respondents regarding several variables in this research are as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 556,\n \"width\": 370,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers Variable Giving Incentives (X1)\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 568,\n \"width\": 410,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 594,\n \"width\": 423,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Descriptive Statistics of Variable Answers to Providing Incentives No Statement of Incentive Granting Average category X1.1 The incentives I received were satisfactory. 4,17 Tall X1.2 The incentives given by the company are in accordance with my performance 4,20 Very high X1.3 The incentives I receive meet the necessities of life 4.05 Tall X1.4 The incentives I receive are always increasing 4,17 Tall X1.5 The incentives I receive motivate my enthusiasm for work 4,42 Very high X1.6 I feel that giving incentives in the form of bonuses can increase morale at work 4.60 Very high X1.7 The incentives I receive are always on time 4,27 Very high\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2999\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 124,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 371,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Average totals 4,268 Very high\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 108,\n \"top\": 126,\n \"width\": 104,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Source: processed data\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 138,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the variable giving incentives in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is X1.6, namely \\\"I feel that giving incentives in the form of bonuses can increase morale at work\\\" of 4.60 with a very high category. Meanwhile, the question with the lowest average score is X1.3, namely \\\"The incentives I receive meet the necessities of life\\\" of 4.05 with the category of agreeing. Overall, the variable of giving incentives has an average value of 4.268 in the moderate category.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 214,\n \"width\": 381,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers on Leadership Style Variable (X2)\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 227,\n \"width\": 410,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 252,\n \"width\": 418,\n \"height\": 138,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 14. Descriptive Statistics of Leadership Style Variable Answers No Leadership style statement Average Category X2.1 My leader is able to make good decisions 4.30 Very high X2.2 My leader is able to motivate and encourage me to excel at work 4.30 Very high X2.3 My leader has a good relationship with subordinates 3,32 Currently X2.4 My leader is able to control subordinates 4,20 Very high X2.5 My leader is able to lead the organization well 4,41 Very high X2.6 My leader is able to control emotions 4.06 Tall Average totals 4,098 Tall\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 393,\n \"width\": 104,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Source: processed data\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 405,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the leadership style variable in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is X2.5, namely \\\"My leader is able to lead the organization well\\\" of 4.41 with a very high category. While the question with the lowest average score is X2.3 \\\"My leader has a good relationship with his subordinates\\\" of 3.32 in the moderate category. Overall, the leadership style variable has an average value of 4.098 in the strongly agree category.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 482,\n \"width\": 396,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers to Work Environment Variables (X3)\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 494,\n \"width\": 410,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 519,\n \"width\": 419,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 15. Descriptive statistics on the answers to the Work Environment variable No Work environment statement Average Category X3.1 The lighting where I work is adequate 4,41 Very high X3.2 The color of the walls in my office really supports my state of mind for work 4,25 Very high X3.3 The air condition in the work space makes me comfortable while working 4.53 Very high X3.4 My work environment is quiet and noise- free 4,18 Tall Average totals 4,342 Very high\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 637,\n \"width\": 104,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Source: processed data\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 650,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the work environment variables in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is X3.1, namely \\\"the lighting of the lights where I work is adequate\\\" of 4.41 in the strongly agree category. While the question with the lowest average value is X3.4, namely \\\"my work environment is quiet and free from noise\\\" of 4.18 with the agree category. Overall, the work environment variable has an average value of 4.342 in the strongly agree category.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 726,\n \"width\": 316,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers Variable Morale (Y)\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 738,\n \"width\": 410,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3000\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 126,\n \"width\": 419,\n \"height\": 150,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 16. Descriptive Statistics Answers to the Morale variable No Statement of morale Average Category Y1 I am passionate about work so I am never absent from work 4,28 Very high Y2 I enjoy working with colleagues in getting work done 4,34 Very high Y3 I am passionate about work so come on time 4,18 Tall Y4 I am satisfied with the results of my work which I always complete properly and correctly 4,28 Very high Average totals 4,27 Very high Source: processed data\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 279,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the morale variable in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is Y2, namely \\\"I like working with colleagues in completing tasks\\\" of 4.34 with a very high category. While the question with the lowest average value is Y3, namely \\\"I am enthusiastic at work so I arrive on time\\\" of 4.18 in the High category. Overall, the work environment variable has an average value of 4.27 in the very agree category.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 355,\n \"width\": 138,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b. Multiple Regression Test\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 368,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"This study uses multiple regression tests because this study analyzes the influence or relationship of more than one independent variable to the dependent. Following are the results of the Multiple Regression Test in this study:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 213,\n \"top\": 418,\n \"width\": 172,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 17. Multiple Regression Results\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 559,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Source: data obtained\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 572,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of the previous table 17 test which showed the results of multiple regression tests in this study, it can be formulated in this study as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 622,\n \"width\": 58,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Information:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 635,\n \"width\": 148,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Y = Enthusiasm for work\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 648,\n \"width\": 131,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a = Constant X1 = giving incentives\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 673,\n \"width\": 128,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"X2 = Leadership style X3\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 686,\n \"width\": 419,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"= Work environment e = Standard error The coefficients of the multiple linear regression equation above can be interpreted as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 75,\n \"top\": 430,\n \"width\": 425,\n \"height\": 113,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardize d Coefficients Q Sig. B std. Error Betas 1 (Constant) 1,581 1,337 1,183 .240 Incentives Giving .234 039 .492 6034 .000 leadership style .256 063 .327 4,091 .000 work environment .169 .067 .157 2,523 013\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 75,\n \"top\": 546,\n \"width\": 138,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Dependent Variable: morale\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 176,\n \"top\": 608,\n \"width\": 200,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Y = 1,581 + 0,234 X1+ 0,256 X2+ 0,169 X3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3001\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a) the constant value in the equation is equal to 1.581: it means that the variables of incentives, leadership style and work environment (X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 ) have a zero value, so the morale value is 1.581.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 151,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b) the regression coefficient of the variable providing incentives is equal to 0.234, meaning that every increase or decrease in the value of the variable providing incentives is equal to one unit and the value of the other variables is constant, the value of employee morale will increase by 0.234 units .\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 202,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c) the regression coefficient of the leadership style variable is 0.256, meaning that every increase or decrease in the value of the leadership style variable is equal to one unit and the value of the other variables is constant, the morale value of generation Z employees will increase by 0.256 units\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 252,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"d) the regression coefficient of the work environment variable is equal to 0.169, meaning that for each increase or decrease in the value of the work environment variable one unit and the value of the other variables remains constant, the morale value of generation Z employees will increase by 0.169 units.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 303,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c. Determinant Coefficient Test (R2)\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 316,\n \"width\": 394,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The following results of the coefficient of determination (R2) in the study are as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 200,\n \"top\": 341,\n \"width\": 198,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 18. Coefficient of Determination (R2)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 244,\n \"top\": 417,\n \"width\": 111,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"S source: processed data\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 429,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the table above, the results show that the R square value of 0.665 indicates that the percentage contribution of the variables providing incentives, leadership style, and work environment to the morale of generation Z employees is 65.5%, while the remaining 34.5% is influenced by other variables outside the research.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 480,\n \"width\": 89,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hypothesis testing\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 493,\n \"width\": 109,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a. Partial Test (t test)\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 505,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Following are the results of the t test in this study:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 221,\n \"top\": 531,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 19. Statistical Test Results T\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 652,\n \"width\": 104,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Source: processed data\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 677,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of the t test analysis can be used to test the hypothesis through the following analysis:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 703,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1) Based on the table above, it can be seen that the significant value of the incentive variable is 0.000, meaning that the significant value is less than 0.05. It can be formulated that the significance value is 0.000 <0.05, and the calculated value is 6.034 > t table is 1.984. These results can be concluded that the provision of incentives has a significant positive effect on\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 151,\n \"top\": 356,\n \"width\": 296,\n \"height\": 56,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Summary models Model R R Square Adjusted R Square std. Error of the Estimate 1 .815 a .665 .654 1.153 a. Predictors: (Constant), work environment, leadership style, incentives\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 545,\n \"width\": 434,\n \"height\": 104,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Q Sig. B std. Error Betas 1 (Constant) 1,581 1,337 1,183 .240 Incentives Giving .234 039 .492 6034 .000 leadership style .256 063 .327 4,091 .000 work environment .169 .067 .157 2,523 013 a. Dependent Variable: morale\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3002\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 99,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"employee morale. So the results prove that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted or H1 is accepted.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 138,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2) Based on the table above, it can be seen that the significant value of the leadership style variable is 0.000, meaning that the significant value is less than 0.05. It can be formulated that the significance value is 0.000 <0.05, and the calculated value is 4.091 > t table is 1.984. These results can be concluded that leadership style has a significant positive effect on employee morale. So that the results prove that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted or H2 is accepted.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 214,\n \"width\": 445,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3) Based on the table above, it can be seen that the significant value of the incentive variable is 0.013, meaning that the significant value is less than 0.05. It can be formulated that the significance value is 0.013 <0.05, and the calculated value is 2.523 > t table is 1.984. These results can be concluded that leadership style has a significant positive effect on employee morale. So the results prove that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted or H3 is accepted.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 82,\n \"top\": 278,\n \"width\": 100,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b. Statistical Test F\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 290,\n \"width\": 333,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The following are the results of the statistical test f in this study as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 316,\n \"width\": 383,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Table 20. Test f ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares Df MeanSquare F Sig. 1 Regression 252,949 3 84,316 63,455 .000 b residual 127,561 96 1,329 Total 380,510 99 a. Dependent Variable: morale\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 410,\n \"width\": 292,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b. Predictors: (Constant), work environment, leadership style, incentives\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 108,\n \"top\": 422,\n \"width\": 185,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Source: data obtained from attachment 6)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 447,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the table above, it can be seen that the F value is 63.455. And the significance value is 0.000. It can be formulated that a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 means that the significance value is less than 0.05 and F count is 63.455 > F table is 2.698. So that the hypothesis is accepted, namely the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment have a significant positive effect on employee morale.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 523,\n \"width\": 52,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Discussion\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 536,\n \"width\": 274,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. The effect of providing incentives on employee morale\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 548,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 162,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the analysis of the multiple regression tests performed, it shows that the variable of giving incentives has a t count value of 6.034 > t table 1.984, and a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05). These results mean that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the variable of giving incentives has a significant positive effect on morale. Incentives are a system of giving remuneration that is linked to performance, both material and non-material in nature which can provide motivation or driving force for employees to work better and enthusiastically, so that employee performance or work results increase which in the end the company's goals can be achieved. Rochmatetal, 2013). Meanwhile, according to Sopiah and Sangadji (2018: 365) Incentives are direct rewards paid to employees because their performance exceeds the specified standard. Assuming that money can be used to encourage employees to work even harder, those who are productive prefer to be paid based on their work. The results of this study are reinforced by previous research conducted by the results of this study which have been proven by Anita (2015) and Atmaja (2014) stating that incentives have a positive influence on employee morale\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 713,\n \"width\": 269,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. The influence of leadership style on employee morale\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 725,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the analysis of the multiple regression tests performed, it shows that the leadership style variable has a t count value of 4.091 > t table 1.984, and a significance value of 0.000 (0.000\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3003\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"<0.05). These results mean that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the leadership style variable has a significant positive effect on morale. According to Thoha (2017: 49) leadership style is a behavioral norm that is used by someone when someone is trying to influence the behavior of others as seen. Leadership style is a way for a leader to be able to influence an employee in order to achieve the goals of a company. According to Sadariah (2016: 12) leadership style is the style used by managers to influence, organize and coordinate employees in order to achieve effective company goals. Therefore as a leader must have a good leadership style in order to achieve company goals. The results of this study are reinforced by previous research conducted. The results of this study have been proven by Dharmayanti (2021) stating that leadership style has a positive and partially significant effect on employee morale.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 240,\n \"width\": 301,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. The influence of the work environment on employee morale\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 252,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 188,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the analysis of the multiple regression tests performed, it shows that the work environment variable has a t-value of 2,523 > t-table of 1.984, and a significance value of 0.000 (0.013 <0.05). These results mean that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the work environment variable has a significant positive effect on morale. The work environment for every employee is very important, because with a good work environment employees can make them more responsible for their work. According to Setiyani et al ( 2019) the work environment is not only from the factors of work facilities that are fulfilled, but from the comfort of communicating and working with fellow team members. Maidiyanto et al., (2021) the work environment is everything that is around the worker and that can influence him in carrying out the tasks assigned to make high performance, it is necessary to increase work optimally and be able to take advantage of the potential of human resources possessed by employees to create organizational goals, so that it will make a positive contribution to organizational development. This research is in line with previous research conducted by Chandra & Setiawan (2018) in the study revealed that the work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee morale Implementation of Research results\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 442,\n \"width\": 153,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Theoretical Implementation\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 455,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The results of this study also support or strengthen the results of previous studies which state that the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment have a positive and significant effect on the morale of generation Z employees. used as an antecedent variable that affects employee morale.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 81,\n \"top\": 506,\n \"width\": 153,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Managerial Implementation\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 518,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"By accepting the first hypothesis, namely the provision of incentives has a positive effect on morale, the effort to increase morale is to increase the provision of incentives. On the basis of the findings above, a number of implementations have been put forward with efforts to increase the provision of incentives , which need to be considered by company leaders and considering that providing incentives can encourage every member in it to complete their tasks properly.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 581,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Leadership style is a process or strategy implemented by a leader to be able to influence employees to help achieve the goals of an organization. Basically the ideal leader is a leader who is able to solve complex problems accompanied by existing creativity. Then the right leadership style is able to reflect the magnitude of the superior's responsibility to his employees. When employees get an example of proper leadership from superiors, this can encourage employees to be disciplined in implementing occupational safety and health. Therefore, it is hoped that the leaders will be able to set the right example for their employees or employees.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 670,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"As with the work environment which has a positive effect on employee morale, the effort to increase morale is to improve the work environment. Human life and the environment have a close relationship. In this case, humans will always try to adapt to various environmental conditions. Likewise, when doing work, employees as human beings cannot be separated from the various circumstances surrounding the place where they work, namely the work environment. During work, each employee will interact with various conditions in the work environment. To create a productive\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3004\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"work environment is not easy, it requires direct contribution from each team member, so that a comfortable and enjoyable work atmosphere can be created by itself. This needs to be considered by company leaders, considering that conducive working conditions will encourage each member in it to complete their tasks properly.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 177,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4. Conclusion\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 189,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 238,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of research and hypothesis testing, the following conclusions can be drawn: Providing incentives has a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees, this is indicated by a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05); Leadership style has a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees with a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05); The work environment has a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees with a significance of 0.013 (0.013 <0.05 ); Providing incentives, leadership style, and work environment have a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees with a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05). Based on the variable of giving incentives to generation Z employees, it would be better if company leaders paid attention to giving incentives to their employees so that they could encourage their employees' morale; based on work environment variables, generation Z employees are better off maintaining conditions and creating a good, comfortable and conducive work environment as well as establishing good relations with one another's employees in order to create good performance; based on the leadership style variable for generation Z employees, it would be better if the leadership approached their employees more, maximized their ability to provide instructions and correct their employees' mistakes by making an approach, understanding the characteristics of employees, accepting employee complaints and suggestions, and involving employees in making decisions with company policy. The goal is for leaders to get closer to employees and be able to find out the nature and mistakes of employees, to then make decisions and provide instructions to employees.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 275,\n \"top\": 442,\n \"width\": 47,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Referensi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 464,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ariansyah, F., Kusumayadi, F., 2022. Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Pegawai Pada Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPENDA) Kota Bima . Program Studi Manajemen. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Bima.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 502,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cahyani, M, D, M., Mujiati, W., 2019. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Motivasi Dan Kompensansi Terhadap Semangat Kerja . Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Universitas Udayana (Unud), Bali, Indonesia.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 540,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Chandra, D, A., Roy Setiawan, 2018. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Iklim Organisasi Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan PT.Diantri . Program Manajemen Bisnis, Program Studi Manajemen. Universitas Kristen Petra.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 578,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Chistiano, A., 2016. Pengaruh Motivasi Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Pada PT.Mitra Anda Di Pontianak . STIE Widya Dharma.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 603,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dharmayanti, T, I. Kawiyana, P, G. Astrama, M., 2021. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Gianyar. Fakultas Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Pariwisata. Universitas Hindu Indonesia. Duha, S, H., Duha, T., Buulolo, P., 2021 . Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai Yang Dimediasi Oleh Kepemimpinan (Studi Pada Dinas Perpustakaan Kabupaten Nias Selatan). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiwa Nias Selatan. Faruk, 2020. Pengaruh Pemberian Insentif Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Di Bagian Produksi PT.Jasa Indah Maritim . Program Studi Manajemen STIE Yapan.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 717,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Harianto, E. Yusuf, M., 2020. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Semangat Kerja . Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Bima\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 67,\n \"width\": 237,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 432,\n \"top\": 82,\n \"width\": 85,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2302-0059\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 762,\n \"width\": 385,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3005\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Muhammad Nur Holis M, N., Alif, D, D, A., 2022. Analisis Pengaruh Motivasi, Dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Pada PT Semangat Kerja Karyawan CV.Lima Utama Banyuwangi . Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Banyuwangi E.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 151,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rachman, M, M., 2016. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Pemberian Insentif Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan (Studi Kasus Pada PT. Tatamulia Nusantara Indah Surabaya). Dosen FE. Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Rahmanda, N, R., Verawati, D, M., 2022. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja (Studi Kasus Pada Karyawan KSP AMAJ Kota Magelang). Akuntansi Bisnis Dan Keuangan. Universitas Tidar.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 227,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rismawati. Syafira N, D., 2020. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai . Jurnal Manajemen Stategik Kewirausahaan. Sari, F, M., Koto, M, s., Simamora, F, N., 2022. Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Insentif Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai Pada Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan Pendapatan Dan Aset Daerah Kota Sibolga . Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Al Washliyah Sibolga/Tapanuli Tengah. Suparjono, 2020. Pengaruh Pemberian Insentif Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai Pada Biro Administrasi Umum Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau . Program Studi Manajemen. Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 341,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Syamsyudin., Bachiar T, 2018. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Motivasi Terhadap Semangat Kerja Divisi Produksi Karyawan Pada PT.Utama Gas Multi Perkasa Cabang Serang . Program Studi Manajemen. Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis. Universitas Serang Raya.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 379,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Turangan, O, W., Christoffel Kojo, C., Mintardjo, C,. 2017. Pengaruh Pemberian Upah Dan Insentif Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Pegawai Kantor Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jurusan Manajemen. Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":true},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":18,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":120853,"offset":1800,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc1MDYzNjEyMCwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL1dpa2lkZXBpYS9pZF9zY2hvbGFyX2h1cmlkb2NzIiwiZXhwIjoxNzUwNjM5NzIwLCJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2h1Z2dpbmdmYWNlLmNvIn0.rYJq2OKwwTS3BqASKltfJife_tKfMF0ZFuJAIq3aGhVwWO3wCHihmeTccegy8FZ3GHQ6HajVKbDmsCTrW3zfAw","displayUrls":true},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":0,"total":0},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
id
stringlengths 36
36
| url
stringlengths 48
111
| data
listlengths 0
6.3k
|
|---|---|---|
beec3412-bd54-2b02-b4b7-7623353b4226 | https://ejournal.uinib.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/tarikhuna/article/download/2833/1802 | [
{
"left": 54,
"top": 235,
"width": 98,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted: 8/2/2021 Revised: 16/4/2021 Published: 31/5/2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 300,
"width": 61,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CONTACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 333,
"width": 109,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Correspondence Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 370,
"width": 113,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Address: Jalan M Yunus Lubuk Lintah, Kota Padang, Kode Pos: 25153",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 436,
"width": 67,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KEYWORD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 469,
"width": 99,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ki Hadjar Dewantara; Sistem Among",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 110,
"width": 302,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TARIKHUNA: JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND HISTORY EDUCATION ISSN: 2777-1105 (PRINT); 2797-3581 (ONLINE) VOLUME 3 NO. 1 MEI 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 202,
"width": 259,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "GAGASAN SISTEM AMONG KI HAJAR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 220,
"width": 285,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DEWANTARA DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA SEJAK 1922 SAMPAI DENGAN 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 294,
"width": 334,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SURYADI FAJRI 1 , TUTI TRISURYANTI 2 1 2 Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol | Padang, Sumatera Barat,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 323,
"width": 51,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 384,
"width": 63,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 417,
"width": 341,
"height": 183,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh sistem among yang yang merupakan hasil pemikiran tokoh pendidikan Indonesia yaitu Ki Hajar Dewantara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian Library Research dengan mendalami buku-buku yang berkaitan dengn hasil pemikiran Ki Hajar Dewantara. Hasil penelitian diantaranya adalah pegaruhnya dapat kita lihat pada sistem pendidikan nasional di Indonesia sekarang yang tidak lagi menggunakan sistem pendidikan barat secara keseluruhan, akan tetapi memasukan unsur kebudayaan dan budi pekerti dalam dunia pendidikan, dan tidak terlalu mengedepankan intelektualitas tetapi juga dibarengi dengan sikap yang baik. Kemudian penerapan Sistem Among juga dapat dilihat pada pendidikan kepramukaan yang secara jelas memakai semboyan yang menjadi dasar atau menjadi pedoman bagi seorang pamong/pendidik yaitu Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodho, Ing Madyo Mangun Karso, dan Tut Wuri Handayani.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 29,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SURYADI FAJRI & TUTI TRI SURYANTI (2021) GAGASAN SISTEM AMONG KI HAJAR DEWANTARA DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA SEJAK 1922 SAMPAI DENGAN 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 787,
"width": 193,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "19 | TARIKHUNA, VOLUME 3 NO.1 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 72,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 91,
"width": 490,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ki Hajar Dewantara memiliki konsep pendidikan yang benar-benar bersifat pribumi. (Suhartono Wiryopranoto: 2017) Ia dengan tegas menolak pendidikan yang terlalu mengutamakan intelektualisme dan mengorbankan aspek keruharian atau jiwa para siswa (inilah yang disebut dengan pendidikan Sistem Among). Menurutnya pendidikan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah kolonial hanya akan membuat pribumi lupa akan kebudayaannya dan membuat pribumi menjadi tenaga terampil bagi kepentingan pemerintah kolonial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 203,
"width": 490,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam taman Siswa Ki Hajar Dewantara mencoba menerapkan gagasan-gagasan tentang pendidikan, pengajaran, dan mencoba menyebarkannya kepada khalayak umum. Dari gagasan Ki Hajar Dewantara tersebut banyak berpengaruh terhadap sistem pendidikan di Indonesia. Diantaranya adalah pengaruhnya dapat kita lihat pada sistem pendidikan nasional di Indonesia sekarang yang tidak lagi menggunakan sistem pendidikan barat secara keseluruhan, akan tetapi memasukan unsur kebudayaan dan budi pekerti dalam dunia pendidikan, dan tidak terlalu mengedepankan intelektualitas tetapi juga dibarengi dengan sikap yang baik. Dengan sistem among mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa yang tetap berpijak pada budaya bangsanya diakui oleh bangsa Indonesia. Perannya dalam mendobrak tatanan pendidikan kolonial yang mendasarkan pada budaya asing untuk diganti dengan sistem pendidikan nasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 391,
"width": 490,
"height": 219,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem pendidikan kolonial yang ada dan berdasarkan pada budaya barat, jelas-jelas tidak sesuai dengan kodrat alam bangsa Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, Ki Hajar Dewantara memberikan alternatif lain yaitu kembali ke jalan Nasional Pendidikan untuk rakyat Indonesia harus berdasarkan pada budaya bangsanya sendiri. Sistem pendidikan kolonial yang menggunakan cara paksaan dan ancaman, hukuman harus diganti dengan jalan kemerdekaan yang seluas luasnya kepada anak didik dengan tetap memperhatikan tertib damainya hidup bersama. Dari keterangan diatas terlihat bahwa sistem among adalah pondasi dari sistem pendidikan nasional sehingga penulis tertarik untuk membahas tentang gagasan Ki Hajar Dewantara yaitu Sistem Among. Bukan berarti yang lain tidak mempengaruhi tetapi karena: Pertama, bagi seorang pendidik sangat peting memahami cara memperlakukan peserta didiknya yang ditawarkan dalam sistem among yang digagas oleh Ki Hajar Dewantara. Kedua, karena sistem among menawarkan pembelajaran dengan pennuh ketulusan dan penuh kasih sayang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 616,
"width": 490,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Apalagi gagasan dan pemikiran pendidikan Ki Hadjar yang sudah ditulis dalam berbagai karangannya, mendapat sambutan hangat dari Presiden Republik Indonesia pertama Ir. Soekarno. Sosok Ki Hajar Dewantara tidak bisa kita lepaskan dari perjalanan panjang pendidikan Indonesia. Ki Hajar Dewantara merupakan pioner dan pelopor terbentuknya sistem pendidikan di Indonesia. Keberadaannya dalam menentang penjajahan Belanda adalah dengan mendirikan Perguruan Taman Siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 728,
"width": 490,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun tujuan mendirikan perguruan tersebut ia bercita-cita agar bangsa Indonesia merdeka lahir batin. Sebagaimana gagasan tentang prinsip pendidikan yang berbunyi Ing ngarso",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 29,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SURYADI FAJRI & TUTI TRI SURYANTI (2021) GAGASAN SISTEM AMONG KI HAJAR DEWANTARA DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA SEJAK 1922 SAMPAI DENGAN 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 787,
"width": 193,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20 | TARIKHUNA, VOLUME 3 NO.1 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 72,
"width": 490,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sung tulodo yang berarti ketika pendidik berada di depan, Ing madya mangun karso yang berarti pendidik harus menciptakan, yang mana disini pendidik harus mengeluarkan gagasan atau ide-ide yang dimilikinya, Tut wuri handayani berarti pendidik memberikan arahan dan dorongan kepada peserta didik. (Abuddin Nata: 2015) Pendidikan yang digagas oleh Ki Hadjar Dewantara di Taman Siswa memiliki dasar-dasar yaitu sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 166,
"width": 490,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan Kemerdekaan, Adapun kemerdekaan merupakan syarat untuk menghidupkan dan menggerakkan kekuatan lahir batin peserta didik agar dapat memiliki pribadi yang kuat dan dapat berfikir serta bertindak merdeka. Dalam dunia pendidikan, kemerdekaan merupakan syarat untuk membantu perkembangan segala potensi peserta didik tanpa tekanan dan hambatan, sehingga memungkinkan perkembangan pribadi yang kuat serta jiwa merdeka, ini berarti bahwa peserta didik akan merdeka dalam cipta, rasa dan karsa, sehingga dapat berkarya merdeka pula. ( Jurnal Suroso)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 297,
"width": 490,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gagasan-gagasan Ki Hadjar Dewantara seputar pendidikan merupakan tanggapan kritisnya terhadap kebutuhan golongan terjajah pada zamannya. Ia berpikir perihal bagaimana mencerdaskan orang-orang yang senasib dengan dirinya agar mereka sadar akan hak-hak hidupnya. Dalam rangka itu pula, Ki Hadjar Dewantara sebetulnya telah berupaya membuka jalan untuk mengatasi persoalan kesenjangan sosial dan pelanggaran hak-hak manusia pada masanya. Gagasan- gagasan tersebut diantaranya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 409,
"width": 462,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Gagasan pendidikan kebangsaan, adapun Taman Siswa tidak boleh bertentangan dengan kemanusiaan. Maka dari itu tidak mengandung arti permusuhan dengan bangsa lain, melainkan mengandung rasa satu dengan bangsa sendiri, rasa satu dalam suka dan duka, rasa satu dengan kehendak menuju kepada kebahagiaan hidup lahir dan batin seluruh bangsa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 503,
"width": 462,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Gagasan pendidikan kemanusiaan, adapun Bahwa Dharma tiap-tiap manusia itu adalah mewujudkan kemanusiaan yang berarti kemajuan manusia lahir dan batin yang setinggi- tingginya dan juga adanya rasa kasih sayang sesame manusia dan makhluk Tuhan seluruhnya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 578,
"width": 461,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Gagasan pendidikan kebudayaan, adapun Taman Siswa tidak berarti asal memelihara kebudayaan kebangsaan tetapi juga membawa kebudayaan bangsa itu sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 634,
"width": 462,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Gagasan pendidikan kodrat alam, adapun pada hakikatnya manusia itu sebagai makhluk Tuhan adalah satu dengan kodrat alam ini. (Suparman: 2012)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 672,
"width": 490,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ki Hadjar Dewantara memberikan beberapa pedoman dalam menciptakan kultur positif seorang pendidik. Semboyan Trilogi pendidikan memiliki arti yang melibatkan seluruh pelaku pendidikan atau pendidik dan pe serta didik adalah: Tut wuri handayani, yaitu dari belakang seorang pendidik harus bisa memberikan dorongan dan arahan. Ing madya mangun karsa yaitu pada saat di antara pesetra didik, pendidik harus menciptakan prakarsa dan ide. Ing ngarsa sung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 29,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SURYADI FAJRI & TUTI TRI SURYANTI (2021) GAGASAN SISTEM AMONG KI HAJAR DEWANTARA DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA SEJAK 1922 SAMPAI DENGAN 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 787,
"width": 193,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21 | TARIKHUNA, VOLUME 3 NO.1 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 72,
"width": 490,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tulada, berarti ketika pendidik berada di depan, seorang pendidik harus memberi teladan atau contoh dengan tindakan yang baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 109,
"width": 490,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagaimana telah disebutkan di atas, bahwa pada masa hidupnya Ki Hajar Dewantara banyak mengabdikan dirinya bagi kepentingan pendidikan nasional, melalui Taman Siswa yang didirikan dan diasuhnya. Dalam kapasitasnya yang demikian itu dapat diduga kuat bahwa ia banyak memiliki gagasan dan pemikiran dalam bidang pendidikan yang dikemukakannya. Adapun gagasan dan pemikiran Ki Hajar Dewantara dapat dipahami pada visi, misi, dan tujuan pendidikannya. Sebagaimana tampak sekali bahwa visi, misi dan tujuan pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara adalah pendidikan yang berasaskan kemerdekaan, kebebasan, keseimbangan, kesesuaian dengan tuntutan zaman, kepribadian Indonesia, dan kesesuaian dengan kodrat manusia sebagai makhluk yang dimuliakan oleh Tuhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 278,
"width": 490,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pernyataan visi, misi dan tujuan pendidikan yang bernuansa perjuangan tersebut tidak dapat dilepaskan dari situasi dan kondisi sosial politik dimasanya, yaitu politik kolonial penjajah Belanda yang telah menguras kekayaan alam Indonesia serta menyengsarakan rakyat Indonesia secara lahir batin. Sebagai seorang tokoh pendidik, budayawan dan seorang nasionalis Ki Hajar Dewantara pastilah mempunyai beberapa karya dimasa hidupnya. Karena ketokohan seseorang dapat dilihat dari karya-karyanya, pengaruhnya, dan jasanya. Apa saja karya-karya besarnya menarik untuk diteliti dan inilah yang memotivasi peneliti memilih atau menetapkan karya-karya besar Ki Hajar Dewantara sebagai objek penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 428,
"width": 490,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ki Hajar Dewantara kemudian ditetapkan oleh pemerintah sebagai bapak pendidikan Indonesia dan pahlawan nasional, sebagai tokoh pendidikan itulah melahirkan karya-karya besar sebab seseorang dikatakan tokoh apabila dia menghasilkan karya-karya besar. Sebagai seorang tokoh pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara juga sebagai tokoh nasional dalam pendidikan. Karya Ki Hajar Dewantara menarik untuk diteliti karena karyanya itu diyakini masih relevan dengan kebutuhan pendidikan sekarang. Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, maka penulis tertarik untuk mengangkat masalah ini kedalam artikel yang berjudul: “Gagasan Sistem Among Ki Hajar Dewantara dalam Membangun Pendidikan di Indonesia Sejak 1922-2021”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 578,
"width": 155,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 603,
"width": 490,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Dalam penelitian yang penulis lakukan adalah penelitian ini penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research), yaitu mengumpulkan data atau karya tulis ilmiah yang bertujuan dengan objek penelitian atau pengumpulan data yang bersifat kepustakaan (Pedoman Penulisan Karya Ilmia, : 2015). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Sumber primer meliputi kumpulan karya Ki Hajar Dewantara. Sumber sekunder berupa pemikiran pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara dan relevansinya dengan kurikulum 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 734,
"width": 490,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan kajian studi pustaka dengan menggunakan beberapa metode, yaitu: 1) Metode content analysis, yaitu data yang penulis kumpulkan adalah data-data yang bersifat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 29,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SURYADI FAJRI & TUTI TRI SURYANTI (2021) GAGASAN SISTEM AMONG KI HAJAR DEWANTARA DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA SEJAK 1922 SAMPAI DENGAN 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 787,
"width": 193,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22 | TARIKHUNA, VOLUME 3 NO.1 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 72,
"width": 490,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "deskriptif tekstual; 2) Metode induktif, analisis data berangkat dari data empiric lewat observasi menuju teori; 3) Metode deduktif, metode analisis data berangkat dari kebenaran umum mengenai suatu data dan menggeneralisasikan kebenaran tersebut pada data tertentu yang berciri sama dengan data yang bersangkutan. (Syaifuddin Azwar: 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 53,
"top": 153,
"width": 111,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 172,
"width": 490,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Among adalah sebuah sistem pendidikan yang berjiwa kekeluargaan bersendikan kodrat alam dan kemerdekaan pada anak-anak agar dapat tumbuh dan berkembang berdasarkan kekuatan sendiri. Sistem Among merupakan sistem pendidikan yang benar-benar bersifat pribumi, dan merupakan sistem pendidikan yang memadukan pendidikan gaya Eropa dan seni-seni Jawa tradisional. Sistem Among adalah pendidikan yang berorientasi pada kebudayaan-kebudayaan timur dan mengedepankan nilai-nilai keruhanian yang dibarengi dengan kekuatan intelektual. Sistem Among juga sangat menekankan pendidikan rasa kebangsaan kepada peserta didik agar mereka mencintai bangsa dan berjuang untuk memperoleh kemerdekaan.( Suhartono Wiryopranoto: 2017)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 340,
"width": 490,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Among memiliki perspektif bahwa pendidikan bukan hanya proses penularan atau transfer ilmu pengetahuan (transfer of knowledge). Dalam pendidikan harus ada keseimbangan cipta, rasa, dan karsa. Artinya pendidikan tidak boleh memaksa, dan didalam Sistem Among pendidikan bukan hanya tentang intelektualitas tetapi juga aspek keruhanian atau jiwa para siswa. Sistem Among memberikan tiga konsep pedoman pamong yang harus dikuasai oleh seorang pamong atau guru dalam menanamkan Pendidikan karakter pada siswa/peserta didik yaitu sebagai berikut yang dirumuskan dengan semboyan yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 472,
"width": 159,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Ing Ngarso Sung Tolodo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 490,
"width": 462,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ing Ngarso Sung Tolodo (Di Depan Memberikan Keteladanan) merupakan sebagai orang tua, guru atau sebagai pemimpin sebuah organisasi seperti apa pun, anak-anak, dan para murid akan memperhatikan tingkah laku orangtua, guru, atau pemimpinanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 547,
"width": 462,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas dapat di simpulkan guru atau pamong merupakan contoh dan teladan utama bagi siswa, seperti halnya guru itu di gugu dan di tiru, hal inilah yang tak dapat dihindari lagi oleh seorang guru. Pamong sangat bertanggung jawab dalam memberikan contoh keteladanan kepada siswa, keteladanan dalam pembelajaran, mengerjakan tugas, sikap dan lainnya. Dan guru sebagai pamong ketika berada di depan maka hendak nya memberikan contoh teladan yang baik terhadap peserta didiknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 665,
"width": 159,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Ing Madyo Magun Karso",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 684,
"width": 462,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ing Madyo Magun Karso (Di Pertengahan Memberi Semangat) merupakan dalam pergaulan sehari-hari ketika melihat anak-anak, murid mulai mandiri, menjalankan hal yang benar, mereka wajib diberi semangat. Kepedulian terhadap perkembangan anak/peserta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 29,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SURYADI FAJRI & TUTI TRI SURYANTI (2021) GAGASAN SISTEM AMONG KI HAJAR DEWANTARA DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA SEJAK 1922 SAMPAI DENGAN 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 787,
"width": 193,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "23 | TARIKHUNA, VOLUME 3 NO.1 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 72,
"width": 461,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "didik, dan diwujudkan dengan memberikan dorongan kepada mereka untuk menjalankan hal yang benar. Seorang anak murid, perlu di beri semangat dalam menjalankan kewajibanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 109,
"width": 462,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari beberapa sumber yang penulis temukan penulis menyimpulkan bahwa yang dimaksud dengan Ing Madyo Mangun Karso adalah, sikap yang harus dimiliki seorang guru atau pamong dalam mendidik peserta didik, yaitu dengan memberikan semangat, para guru juga haruslah bisa menempatkan diri agar berada di antara siswanya, dengan kata lain guru juga sebagai teman bagi siswanya. Dengan demikian, para guru dengan leluasa membimbing dan memberikan inspirasi kepada anak didiknya. Sehingga tercipta suasana belajar yang kondusif dan nyaman bagi mereka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 247,
"width": 137,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Tut Wuri Handayani",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 265,
"width": 462,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tut Wuri Handayani (Di Belakang Memberi Dukungan) merupakan anak-anak murid, yang mulai percaya diri perlu didorong untuk berada di depan. Orang tua, guru atau pimpinan perlu memberi dukungan dari belakang. Pamong di sini berarti mengkuti dari belakang dengan penuh perhatian dan penuh tanggung jawab berdasarkan cinta dan kasih sayang yang bebas dari pamrih dan jauh dari sifat sewenang-wenang.( Lalu Banu Sirwan: 2020)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 359,
"width": 462,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tut Wuri Handayani menjadi konsep yang sangat berpengaruh pada penanaman pendidikan karakter anak dalam pembelajaran. Jika pamong atau guru mengunakan konsep ini, maka penanaman pendidikan karakter akan ternanam dengan baik, menanamkan nilai- nilai yang baik dengan mengunakan dorongan yaitu Tut Wuri Handayani, dorongan bertanggung jawab dalam melakukan sesuatu, dorongan untuk disiplin dan lainnya. Memang siswa memiliki potensi yang besar untuk menjadi baik, namun sebesar apapun potensi yang dimilikinya tidak akan begitu saja mengikuti prinsip-prinsip kebaikan selama ia belum mendapatkan dorongan dan contoh yang baik dari pamong atau gurunya sebagai orang tua disekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 528,
"width": 490,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga konsep tersebut juga di jelaskan dalam buku Suhartono Wiryopranoto sebagai perilaku guru dalam mendidik murid atau anak bangsa menjadi pegangan dan modal utama yaitu Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodho (dimuka memberi contoh), Ing Madyo Mangun Karso (di tengah membangun cita-cita), Tut Wuri Handayani (mengikuti dan tmendukungnya).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 646,
"width": 445,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Bentuk Gagasan Sistem Among yang di cetuskan oleh Ki Hadjar Dewantara.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 664,
"width": 250,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Pengertian Pembelajaran dalam Sistem Among",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 683,
"width": 490,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Among sebagai bagian dari pembelajaran itu sendiri, dimana di dalam Sistem Among dijelaskan bagaimana seorang guru atau pamong menempatkan peserta didik sebagai pihak yang aktif dalam peranannya menjadi seorang pelajar. Sebagaimana yang dijelaskan dalam semboyan Ing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 29,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SURYADI FAJRI & TUTI TRI SURYANTI (2021) GAGASAN SISTEM AMONG KI HAJAR DEWANTARA DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA SEJAK 1922 SAMPAI DENGAN 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 787,
"width": 193,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "24 | TARIKHUNA, VOLUME 3 NO.1 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 72,
"width": 490,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ngarso Sung Tulodho, Ing Madyo Mangun Karso, Tut Wuri Handayani. yang merupakan pedoman pamong/guru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 109,
"width": 131,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Metode Sistem Among",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 128,
"width": 490,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Among juga bisa digunakan sebagai sebuah metode pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan, adapun metode yang ditawarkan oleh sistem among adalah dengan membuat peserta didik Ngerti, Ngrasa, dan Nglakoni dengan memberikan tauladan sebagaimana yang ada dalam semboyan Ki Hajar Dewantara atau tiga pedoman pamong dalam Sistem Among yaitu (Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodho), memberikan semangat atau motifasi (Ing Madyo Mangun Karso), serta memberikan dorongan (Tut Wuri Handayani), mengedepankan kasih sayang dan azas kemerdekaan dalam belajar. Sehingga tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran bagi peserta didik agar mereka memiliki karakter yang baik dan tidak hanya kemampuan intelektualnya yang berkembang dengan baik namun moral juga diasah dalam pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 297,
"width": 241,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Kedudukan Anak Didik dalam Sistem Among",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 316,
"width": 490,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peserta didik dalam Sistem Among adalah individu yang sedang berkembang, memiliki potensi sesuai dengan kodratnya (potensi menjadi seorang individu yang baik), dan memiliki kebebasan yang membutuhkan tauladan, semangat atau dorongan dan dukungan agar dapat tumbuh dan berkembang berdasarkan kekuatan sendiri. Dan didalam sistem among peserta didik dikelompokan berdasarkan usia, yang bertujuan agar materi yang diberikan sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan psikologi peserta didik agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai sebagai mana mestinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 447,
"width": 212,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Cara Mendidik Menurut Sistem Among",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 466,
"width": 490,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Sistem Among cara mendidik terhadap anak didik itu tidak boleh mengunakan “hukuman” yang menyiksa anak didik dan “hukuman” itu harus disesuaikan dengan kesalahnnya. Hukuman itu semata-mata sebagai penebus kesalahan yang harus di alami oleh karena perbuatan, dan bukan sebagai penebus kesalahan yang harus di alami oleh karena perbuatan. Hukuman bagi anak yang mengotori lantai, seharusnya di suru membersihkan lantai yang di kotori itu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 565,
"width": 339,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Penerapan Sistem Among Pada Pendidikan di Indonesia.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 584,
"width": 490,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Among digagas pertama kali oleh Ki Hajar Dewantara dan kemudian diterapkan dalam sistem pendidikan di Taman Siswa. Taman Siswa lahir pada tanggal 3 Juli 1922, dengan terminologi asing “Nationale Onderwijs Tamansiswa” atau dikenal sebagai Perguruan Nasional Tamansiswa. Sejak awal berdirinya Taman Siswa menggunakan sitem asrama (Sistem Among) sebagai sistem pendidikannya, sehingga semua siswa tinggal bersama-sama satu kompleks dengan para pamong dan pengurus sekolah lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 697,
"width": 490,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kurikulum khusus tersebut berwujud : sistem kehidupan di asrama, pendidikan kenusantaraan, dan pendidikan bela negara. Melalui kurikulum khusus tersebut diharapkan lebih mempertebal semangat kebangsaan, wawasan kejuangan, dan wawasan kebudayaan.( Siti Masitoh & Fibria Cahyani: 2020)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 29,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SURYADI FAJRI & TUTI TRI SURYANTI (2021) GAGASAN SISTEM AMONG KI HAJAR DEWANTARA DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA SEJAK 1922 SAMPAI DENGAN 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 787,
"width": 193,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "25 | TARIKHUNA, VOLUME 3 NO.1 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 72,
"width": 490,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akan tetapi beberapa hal yang seharusnya dilaksanakan seperti sistem Paguron sudah tidak dapat dilaksanakan karena beberapa keterbatasan. Hal tersebut tidak menyalahi ajaran Ki Hajar Dewantara, karena beliau pernah mengatakan bahwa pelaksanaan pendidikan disesuaikan dengan jaman namun demikian harus mengingat pedoman yang sudah digariskan yaitu Sifat, Bentuk, Isi, dan Irama (SBII). Sifat harus tetap, yang boleh berubah adalah Bentuk Isi dan Iramanya sesuai dengan kemajuan alam dan jamannya. Dengan mengikuti pedoman SBII tersebut, Sistem Among mengandung dinamika yang tinggi, prospektif, menjangkau masa depan, tanpa harus meninggalkan ciri-ciri khas Tamansiswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 222,
"width": 490,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kini sistem Among tetap banyak dianut dan diterapkan dalam dunia pendidikan. Tidak terkecuali pendidikan kepramukaan di Indonesia yang ikut menerapkan Sistem Among. Dalam melaksanakan pendidikan kepramukaan di Indonesia, Gerakan Pramuka yang menggunakan Sistem Among. Dengan fungsinya sebagai penyelenggara pendidikan non formal di luar sekolah dan di luar keluarga kepramukaan berlandaskan Sistem Among di samping menerapkan Prinsip Dasar Kepramukaan dan Metode Kepramukaan. Penerapan Sistem Among dalam pendidikan kepramukaan yang dilakukan oleh Gerakan Pramuka ditegaskan dalam Undang-undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2010 tentang Gerakan Pramuka Bab III Pasal 10 Ayat (1), (2), dan (3) termuat dalam Anggaran Dasar Gerakan Pramuka, pada bagian Pendahuluan, Pasal 5, Pasal 9, dan Pasal 11.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 391,
"width": 489,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Among dilaksanakan dengan menerapkan pedoman pamong/prinsip kepemimpinan yang harus dipraktekkan oleh Pembina Pramuka. Prinsip-prinsip kepemimpinan itu terdiri atas :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 428,
"width": 387,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha yang memiliki maksud di depan menjadi teladan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 447,
"width": 423,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Ing Madya Mangun Karsa yang memiliki maksud di tengah membangun kemauan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 466,
"width": 472,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Tut Wuri Handayani yang memiliki maksud di belakang memberi dorongan dan pengaruh yang baik ke arah kemandirian.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 503,
"width": 490,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain dalam kepramukaan dalam dunia pendidika di Indonesia sistem among juga dikaitkan dengan seorang guru profesional yang dituntut memiliki empat kompetensi seperti yang diamanahkan oleh Undan-Undang Guru No.14 Tahun 2005. Kompetensi yang dimaksud, yaitu kompetensi pedagogik, professional, kepribadian, dan sosial. Penerapan keempat kompetensi guru tersebut dilakukan secara terintegrasi. Berkaitan erat dengan kompetensi ini adalah ajaran Ki Hajar Dewantara yang tersebut dalam azas taman siswa, yaiu; tertib bicara dan bertindak, salam, damai, dan bahagia. Keempat azas tamansiswa ini selaras dengan Permendiknas No. 16 Tahun 2007, yang salah satu diantaranya adalah menampilkan diri sebagai pribadi yang jujur, berakhlak mulia, dan teladan bagi peserta didik dan masyarakat. Ajaran kepribadian Ki Hajar Dewantara ini dapat dijabarkan menjadi nilai-nilai yang harus dimiliki oleh pendidik dan terdidik. Nilai-nilai tersebut, yaitu; keteladanan (Ing Ngarso Sung Tuladho); motivasi (Ing Madya Mangun Karso); dan Tut Wuri Handayani yang di dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan disebut sebagai Sistem Among.( Dewantara: 1977).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 29,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SURYADI FAJRI & TUTI TRI SURYANTI (2021) GAGASAN SISTEM AMONG KI HAJAR DEWANTARA DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA SEJAK 1922 SAMPAI DENGAN 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 787,
"width": 193,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "26 | TARIKHUNA, VOLUME 3 NO.1 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 53,
"top": 72,
"width": 73,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IV. Penutup",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 53,
"top": 91,
"width": 71,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 109,
"width": 490,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsep pembelajaran berbasis Sitem Among Ki Hajar Dewantara yang pertama, Ing Ngarso Sungtolodo, didepan seorang pamong haruslah memberi contoh keteladanan kepada siswa, mengerjakan tugas dan lainnya. Kedua, Ing Madya Magun Karsa, ditengah-tengah memberi semangat, seorang pamong selain memberi contoh haruslah memberi semangat, semangat belajar, semangat berbuat baik. Ketiga, Tut wuri Handayani, guru di belakang memberi dorongan, di mana pamong diharapkan mampu melihat, menemukan dan memahami bakat atau potensi-potensi yang timbul dan terlihat pada siswa. Seorang pendidik memiliki peran besar dan peran yang sangat penting dalam pendidikan, seorang pendidik memiliki tiga peran sekaligus yaitu memberikan teladan, fasilitator dan motifator yag dirumuskan dalam tiga kalimat dalam Sistem Among. Sekaligus harus mampu berpikir, berperasaan dan bersikap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 297,
"width": 490,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem pendidikan nasional Indonesia adalah perwujudan dari gagasan Sistem Among yang di cetuskan oleh Ki Hajar Dewantara, dimana Sistem Among merupakan sistem pendidikan yang tidak mengedepankan intelektualisme, dan individualisme, tetapi sistem pendidikan dengan kebebasan, kasih sayang, dan penanaman nilai-nilai kebudayaan masyarakat Indonesia itu sendiri serta memperhatikan, nilai-nilai kesopanan budi pekerti. Yang semua itu tentunya tidak di adopsi dari pendidikan barat yang di terapkan pemerintah kolonial Belanda sejak zaman penjajahan. Kini sistem Among tetap banyak dianut dan diterapkan dalam dunia pendidikan. Tidak terkecuali pendidikan kepramukaan di Indonesia yang ikut menerapkan Sistem Among.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 466,
"width": 88,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 484,
"width": 378,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Affudin, dkk. 2012. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Pustaka Setia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 503,
"width": 490,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitia Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta Apriliyanti, Fressi. 2019. Relevansi Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan Ki Hajar Dewantara dalam Menghadapi Era Education 4.0. Malang:Universitas Negeri malang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 559,
"width": 400,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A.Shamad, Irhas. 2003. Ilmu Sejarah. Jakarta. Ilmu Sejarah. Jakarta: Hayfa Press",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 578,
"width": 404,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A.Widyamartaya. 1990. Seni Menuangkan Gagasan. Yogyakarta:Penerbit Kanisius.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 597,
"width": 392,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Azwar, Syaaifuddin.2010. Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta:Pustaka Pelajar Offset.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 616,
"width": 490,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cong Sajuna, Wayan. 2019. “Fungsi dan Tujuan Pendidikan di Indonesia”. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia Vol. 4, Nomor 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 653,
"width": 354,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daliman. 2015. Metode Penelitian Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 672,
"width": 490,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Darmawan, I Putu Ayub. 2016. “Pandangan dan Konsep Pendidikan Ki Hadjar Dewantara”, Artikel Ki Hadjar Dewantara,. 1957. Masalah Kebudajaan. Jogjakarta: Madjelis Luhur Persatuan Taman Siswa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 728,
"width": 490,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewantara. Ki Hadjar. (1977). Karya Ki Hadjar Dewantara bagian pertama: pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Majelis Luhur Persatuan Tamansiswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 29,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SURYADI FAJRI & TUTI TRI SURYANTI (2021) GAGASAN SISTEM AMONG KI HAJAR DEWANTARA DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA SEJAK 1922 SAMPAI DENGAN 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 787,
"width": 193,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "27 | TARIKHUNA, VOLUME 3 NO.1 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 72,
"width": 490,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Eko Mujito, Wawan, “Konsep Belajar Menurut Ki Hadjar Dewantara dan Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Agama Islam”, Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, Vol. XI, No. 1, Juni 2014. Kusumawati, Andriana. 2015. Konsep Pendidikan Budi Pekerti Perspektif Ki Hajar Dewantara. Jawa Timur: STAIN Ponorogo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 147,
"width": 450,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Raharjo, Suparto. 2018. Ki Hajar Dewantara Biografi Singkat 1889-1959. Jogjakarta: Garasi. Sjamsuddin, Helius. 2016. Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 184,
"width": 419,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung:Alfabeta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 203,
"width": 378,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Affudin, dkk. 2012. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Pustaka Setia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 222,
"width": 490,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitia Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta Apriliyanti, Fressi. 2019. Relevansi Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan Ki Hajar Dewantara dalam Menghadapi Era Education 4.0. Malang:Universitas Negeri malang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 278,
"width": 400,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A.Shamad, Irhas. 2003. Ilmu Sejarah. Jakarta. Ilmu Sejarah. Jakarta: Hayfa Press",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 297,
"width": 404,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A.Widyamartaya. 1990. Seni Menuangkan Gagasan. Yogyakarta:Penerbit Kanisius.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 316,
"width": 392,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Azwar, Syaaifuddin.2010. Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta:Pustaka Pelajar Offset.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 334,
"width": 490,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cong Sajuna, Wayan. 2019. “Fungsi dan Tujuan Pendidikan di Indonesia”. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia Vol. 4, Nomor 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 372,
"width": 354,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daliman. 2015. Metode Penelitian Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 391,
"width": 490,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Darmawan, I Putu Ayub. 2016. “Pandangan dan Konsep Pendidikan Ki Hadjar Dewantara”, Artikel Ki Hadjar Dewantara. 1957. Masalah Kebudajaan. Jogjakarta: Madjelis Luhur Persatuan Taman",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 428,
"width": 30,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siswa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 447,
"width": 490,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewantara. Ki Hadjar. (1977). Karya Ki Hadjar Dewantara bagian pertama: pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Majelis Luhur Persatuan Tamansiswa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 484,
"width": 490,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Eko Mujito, Wawan, “Konsep Belajar Menurut Ki Hadjar Dewantara dan Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Agama Islam”, Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, Vol. XI, No. 1, Juni 2014.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 522,
"width": 490,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kusumawati, Andriana. 2015. Konsep Pendidikan Budi Pekerti Perspektif Ki Hajar Dewantara. Jawa Timur: STAIN Ponorogo.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 559,
"width": 450,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Raharjo, Suparto. 2018. Ki Hajar Dewantara Biografi Singkat 1889-1959. Jogjakarta: Garasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 578,
"width": 377,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sjamsuddin, Helius. 2016. Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 597,
"width": 416,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung:Alfabeta.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
7e4a2cd7-64e2-6432-b598-5b98c89e60b4 | https://ejournal.poltekharber.ac.id/index.php/powerelektro/article/download/6700/2957 | [
{
"left": 42,
"top": 24,
"width": 84,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2301-6949",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 24,
"width": 246,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Power Elektronik : Jurnal Orang Elektro, Vol.13, No.2, 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 36,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2715-5064",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 800,
"width": 246,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhammad Siddik : Sistem Ketidak Seimbangan Beban …",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "212",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 61,
"width": 488,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem Ketidak Seimbangan Beban Pada Jaringan Tegangan Rendah Menggunakan Alat PHB – SR ( Peralatan Hubung Bagi Sambungan Rumah ) Di PT. PLN Persero ULP Binjai Timur",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 161,
"width": 438,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhammad Siddik *) , Hamdani, Beni Satria Program Studi Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Medan Jln. Jend. Gatot Subroto Km 4,5, Sei Sikambing, Medan, Sumatera Utara 20122, Indonesia email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 220,
"width": 253,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract Load imbalance in an electric power distribution system often occurs in the field. This is a single-phase load on Low Voltage Network customers that is not the same due to the large number of additional electrical loads that do not pay attention to system load imbalances. As a result of this imbalance, a current appears in the transformer neutral. The current flowing in the neutral of the transformer causes losses, namely losses due to neutral current in the neutral conductor of the transformer and losses due to neutral current flowing to the ground. By realizing PHB SR (Home Connection Equipment) is able to balance the load on the Low Voltage Network. balance the load on the Low Voltage Network periodically and continuously so as to reduce technical shrinkage (losses), simplify the Connection Field in the technical connection of the Low Voltage Network. Connection in the technical connection of the House Connection (SR) on the pole, improve the aesthetics and neatness of the Network System.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 399,
"width": 253,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak − Ketidakseimbangan beban pada suatu sistem distribusi tenaga listrik sering kali terjadi di lapangan. Hal ini merupakan beban satu fasa pada pelanggan Jaringan Tegangan Rendah yang tidak sama akibat banyaknya penambahan beban listrik yang tidak memperhatikan ketidakseimbangan beban sistem. Akibat ketidakseimbangan tersebut muncul arus di netral trafo. Arus yang mengalir di netral trafo ini menyebabkan terjadinya losses (susut teknis/rugi-rugi), yaitu losses akibat adanya arus netral pada penghantar netral trafo dan losses akibat arus netral yang mengalir ke tanah. Dengan merealisasikan PHB SR (Peralatan Hubung Bagi Sambungan Rumah) ini mampu menyeimbangkan beban pada Jaringan Tegangan Rendah secara berkala dan kontinu sehingga dapat mengurangi susut teknis (losses), mempermudah Bidang Penyambungan dalam teknis penyambungan Sambungan Rumah (SR) di Tiang, meningkatkan estetika dan kerapian Sistem Jaringan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 580,
"width": 246,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci – Energi Listrik, Ketidakseimbangan Beban, PHB SR.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 648,
"width": 84,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 659,
"width": 253,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kebutuhan akan energi listrik di Indonesia terus meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kemajuan teknologi. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan tenaga listrik tersebut, terjadi pembagian beban-beban yang pada awalnya merata, namun karena perbedaan waktu pemakaian menimbulkan ketidakseimbangan beban [1]. Untuk menjaga stabilitas beban tersebut diperlukan analisis pembebanan yang bertujuan mengidentifikasi ketidakseimbangan beban antar fasa (R, S, T) yang menyebabkan mengalirnya arus pada netral trafo [2]. Arus yang mengalir di netral trafo dapat mengakibatkan losses (rugi-rugi), yaitu losses akibat adanya arus netral pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 220,
"width": 252,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "penghantar netral trafo dan losses akibat arus netral yang mengalir ke tanah. Proses pemerataan beban yang ada saat ini cukup sulit dilakukan secara kontinyu dan berkala, tingginya gangguan pembatas arus (NH-Fuse) akibat beban yang tidak seimbang dapat menyebabkan pemadaman aliran listrik [3]. Oleh sebab itu, penulis membuat sebuah alat pembagi yaitu alat PHB SR (Peralatan Hubung Bagi Sambungan Rumah) sebagai pembagi Jaringan Tegangan Rendah (JTR) ke Sambungan Rumah (SR).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 383,
"top": 336,
"width": 82,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "II.L ANDASAN T EORI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 346,
"width": 125,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Sistem Tenaga Listrik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 359,
"width": 252,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem Tenaga Listrik memiliki pengertian suatu kesatuan dari unit pembangkit listrik, unit transmisi listrik, dan unit distribusi listrik yang menyalurkan listrik dari produsen kepada konsumen dengan dilengkapi sistem proteksi pada kesatuan tersebut, secara umum Sistem Tenaga Listrik dibagi menjadi tiga segmen, yaitu Pembangkitan, Transmisi dan Distribusi [4]. Adapun komponen-komponen jaringan distribusi seperti: 1. Gardu Induk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 450,
"width": 125,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Jaringan Distribusi Primer",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 462,
"width": 86,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Gardu Distribusi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 473,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Jaringan Distribusi Sekunder",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 496,
"width": 217,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B. Penyusutan Energi Pada Jaringan Distribusi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 510,
"width": 252,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penyusutan energy pada jaringan distribusi ini dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa bagian, antara lain:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 531,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Penyusutan energy pada penyulang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 543,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Penyusustan energy pada transformator distribusi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 554,
"width": 221,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Penyusutan energy pada titik sambungan (jointing)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 568,
"width": 252,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Susut Non-Teknis merupakan susut atau daya yang hilang akibat faktor-faktor non teknis, dalam artian merupakan susut yang benar-benar tidak bisa diperhitungkan penyebab dari susut ini [5].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 614,
"width": 252,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Beberapa contoh dari penyebab susut non teknis ini adalah adanya pencurian listrik. Penyebab lain yang sering terjadi juga adalah karena adanya kesalahan dalam pencatatan nilai. Lebih jelas parameter yang harus diperhatikan yang seringkali menjadi penyebab timbulnya susut non teknis adalah sebagai berikut [6]:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 681,
"width": 125,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Pengukuran Energi Listrik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 693,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Pencatatan Meter Pelanggan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 705,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Pemakaian sendiri",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 716,
"width": 187,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Prosedur perhitungan dan pelaporan susut",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 728,
"width": 92,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Kontak pelanggan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 739,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Komposisi Jaringan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 753,
"width": 252,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sementara susut teknis merupakan susut yang terjadi karena memang ketidaksempurnaan sistem, dengan kata lain susut yang sudah pasti ada dan biasanya dapat dibuat model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 609,
"width": 197,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "*) penulis korespondensi : Muhammad Siddik Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 22,
"width": 84,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2301-6949",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 22,
"width": 246,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Power Elektronik : Jurnal Orang Elektro, Vol.13, No.2, 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 34,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2715-5064",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 807,
"width": 246,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhammad Siddik : Sistem Ketidak Seimbangan Beban …",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 807,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "213",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 57,
"width": 252,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "perhitungannya [7]. Secara umum rumusan perhitungan susut teknis berasal dari rumus berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 80,
"width": 184,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Psusut = I²Saluran x Rkabel I",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 92,
"width": 200,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "= besar arus yang mengalir di jaringan (Ampere)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 101,
"width": 201,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "R = besar hambatan dalam penghantar (Ὡ)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 115,
"width": 252,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kemudian besar hambatan kabel tersebut didefinisikan dengan persamaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 136,
"width": 202,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "R = ƿ x l / A R = Hambatan dalam penghantar (Ὡ) Ƿ = hambatan jenis penghantar ( Ὡ meter)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 173,
"width": 162,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "l = Panjang Penghantar (meter)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 184,
"width": 197,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A = luas penampang penghantar (meter ²)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 208,
"width": 252,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari persamaan di atas dapat dilihat bahwa secara sederhana rugi-rugi jaringan diakibatkan oleh besar arus yang mengalir, ini dipengaruhi terutama oleh pusat-pusat beban, semakin banyak beban yang bekerja maka akan semakin besar pula arus yang mengalir dijaringan [8]. Kemudian juga disebabkan oleh penghantar juga akan lebih kecil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 289,
"width": 179,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "III. METODE PENELITIAN A. Data Teknis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 313,
"width": 253,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data teknis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini berupa data- data profil Gardu Distribusi dan Jaringan Tegangan Rendah. Dimana penelitian ini diambil berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, sehingga dijadikan sampel penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengetahui ketidak seimbangan pada Jaringan Tegangan Rendah dan berapa besarnya energi yang hilang / susut dari Jaringan Tegangan. Rendah yang menyuplai energi hingga ke masyarakat pengguna energi listrik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 589,
"width": 63,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gbr. 1 Trafo Tiang",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 608,
"width": 105,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Spesifikasi Trafo Tiang :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 620,
"width": 216,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gardu : TP 15P Merk / Tipe : Trafindo / Outdoor Daya : 200 kVA Tegangan Kerja : 21/20,5/20/19,5/19 kV // 400 V Arus : 6,8 – 359 A Hubungan : Dyn5 Impedansi : 4% Trafo",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 701,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ": 1 x 3 phasa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 371,
"top": 382,
"width": 116,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gbr. 2 Line Pembebanan Trafo (I)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 401,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 401,
"width": 163,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Skema Jaringan Tegangan Rendah Awal",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 424,
"width": 29,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "T ABEL I",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 434,
"width": 185,
"height": 296,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DATA PEMBEBANAN TRAFO (I) Fasa S(kVA) Vp-n (V) I(A) Pengukuran Malam R 50,42 226 223,1 S 37,29 226 165 T 20,57 227 90,6 IN 118,6 A IG 62,1 A RG 3,8Ω Pengukuran Malam R 68,31 225 303,6 S 42,42 226 187,7 T 37,38 226 165,4 IN 131,7 A IG 58,9 A RG 3,8 Ω",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 753,
"width": 253,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ukuran kawat untuk penghantar netral trafo adalah 50 mm2 dengan R = 0,6842 Ω/km, sedangkan untuk kawat penghantar fasanya adalah 70 mm2 dengan R = 0,5049 Ω/km.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 22,
"width": 84,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2301-6949",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 22,
"width": 246,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Power Elektronik : Jurnal Orang Elektro, Vol.13, No.2, 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 34,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2715-5064",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 807,
"width": 246,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhammad Siddik : Sistem Ketidak Seimbangan Beban …",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 807,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "214",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 481,
"width": 87,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gbr. 3 Sketsa Tiang listrik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 515,
"width": 243,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gbr. 4 Jumlah Pelanggan (I) C. Perhitungan dan Persentase Pembebanan Trafo (I)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 558,
"width": 151,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "S = 200 kVA , V = 400 V (fasa-fasa)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 679,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persentase Beban Trafo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 766,
"width": 174,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Waktu beban puncak (WBP) yaitu 75,83%",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 22,
"width": 84,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2301-6949",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 22,
"width": 246,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Power Elektronik : Jurnal Orang Elektro, Vol.13, No.2, 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 34,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2715-5064",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 807,
"width": 246,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhammad Siddik : Sistem Ketidak Seimbangan Beban …",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 807,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "215",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 57,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "D.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 57,
"width": 216,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perhitungan ketidakseimbangan beban pada Trafo (I) Pada Siang Hari",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 80,
"width": 251,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan menggunakan persamaan (6), koefisien a, b, dan c dapat diketahui besarnya, dimana besar arus fasa dalam keadaan seimbang (I) sama dengan besar arus rata-rata (Irata).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 240,
"width": 253,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada keadaan seimbang, besarnya koefisien a, b dan c adalah 1. Dengan demikian, rata-rata ketidakseimbangan beban (dalam %) adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 357,
"width": 249,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E. Perhitungan ketidakseimbangan beban pada Trafo (I) Pada Malam Hari",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 381,
"width": 258,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan menggunakan persamaan (6), koefisien a, b, dan c dapat diketahui besarnya, dimana besar arus fasa dalam keadaan seimbang ( I ) sama dengan besar arus rata-rata (Irata).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 536,
"width": 253,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada keadaan seimbang, besar koefisien a, b dan c adalah 1. Dengan demikian, rata-rata ketidakseimbangan beban (dalam %) adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 644,
"width": 255,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari perhitungan di atas terlihat bahwa baik pada siang hari maupun malam hari, ketidakseimbangan beban cukup tinggi (> 25%), hal ini disebabkan karena penggunaan beban yang tidak merata antar Pelanggan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 691,
"width": 252,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "F. Perhitungan Susut Teknis (Losses) (I) Pada Siang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 702,
"width": 21,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hari",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 714,
"width": 253,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan data tersebut, losses akibat adanya arus netral pada penghantar netral trafo dapat dihitung besarnya, yaitu: 𝑃𝑁 = ( 𝐼𝑁 )² . 𝑅𝑁 = (118,6)² . 0,6842 = 9623,92 Watt ≈ 9,62 kW Dimana daya aktif trafo (P) : P = S . cos φ, dimana cos φ yang digunakan adalah 0,85 P = 200 . 0,85 = 170 kW Sehingga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 57,
"width": 252,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "persentase losses akibat adanya arus netral pada penghantar netral trafo adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 96,
"width": 255,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Losses akibat adanya arus netral yang mengalir ke tanah dapat dihitung besarnya, yaitu: 𝑃𝐺 = ( 𝐼𝐺 )² . 𝑅𝐺 = (62,1)² . 3,8 = 146554,4 Watt ≈ 14,65 kW. Dengan demikian persentase losses akibat adanya arus netral yang mengalir ke tanah adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 168,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "G.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 339,
"top": 168,
"width": 217,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perhitungan Susut Teknis (Losses) (I) Pada alam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 339,
"top": 180,
"width": 21,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hari",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 191,
"width": 254,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Losses akibat adanya arus netral pada penghantar netral trafo dapat dihitung besarnya, yaitu: 𝑃𝑁 = ( 𝐼𝑁 )² . 𝑅𝑁 = (131,76)² . 0,6842 = 11867,37 Watt ≈ 11,87 kW. Sehingga persentase losses akibat adanya arus netral pada penghantar netral trafo adalah: .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 265,
"width": 256,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Losses akibat adanya arus netral yang mengalir ke tanah dapat dihitung besarnya, yaitu: 𝑃𝐺 = ( 𝐼𝐺 )² . 𝑅𝐺 = (58,9)² . 3,8 = 13183 Watt ≈ 13,18 kW.. Dengan demikian persentase losses akibat adanya arus netral yang mengalir ke tanah adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 392,
"top": 547,
"width": 73,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gbr. 5 PHB-SR 1 fasa",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 22,
"width": 84,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2301-6949",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 22,
"width": 246,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Power Elektronik : Jurnal Orang Elektro, Vol.13, No.2, 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 34,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2715-5064",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 807,
"width": 246,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhammad Siddik : Sistem Ketidak Seimbangan Beban …",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 807,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "216",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 281,
"width": 224,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gbr. 6 PHB-SR 3 fasa T ABEL I PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KOMPUTER A DAN KOMPUTER B",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 342,
"width": 233,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Komputer Waktu Proses Ketelitian Memori A 100 ms 90 % 250 KB B 125 ms 95 % 400 KB H.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 394,
"width": 26,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 404,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. PHB SR terdiri atas PHB 1 fasa dan PHB 3 fasa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 415,
"width": 252,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. HB 3 fasa berfungsi sebagai tempat manuver beban (pemindahan SR dari fasa tinggi ke fasa rendah)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 438,
"width": 252,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. PHB SR 1 fasa dipasang di setiap tiang, dengan urutan tiang ke-1 dikoneksikan ke fasa R, tiang ke-2 dikoneksikan ke fasa S, tiang ke-3 dikoneksikan ke fasa T, tiang ke-4 dipasangi PHB SR 3 fasa (berfungsi untuk manuver beban), tiang ke 5 dan selanjutnya dipasangi PHB SR 1 fasa secara berurutan mengikuti fasa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 508,
"width": 252,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Pindahkan kabel Sambungan Rumah (SR) ke PHB SR, kemudian lakukan pengukuran disetiap jurusan pada PHB- TR",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 543,
"width": 252,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Setelah mendapatkan pengukuran siang dan malam lakukan menuver beban di PHB SR 3 fasa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 566,
"width": 232,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Diperoleh hasil pemerataan beban yang ideal (< 20%)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 577,
"width": 252,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "g. Beban sifatnya tidak stabil, dalam kurun waktu tertentu beban tersebut akan bertambah. Jika kondisi pemerataan beban kembali tidak ideal maka lakukan manuver beban. Dengan adanya PHB SR ini, pemindahan beban-beban di Jaringan Tegangan Rendah akan lebih efektif, efisien dan mudah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 661,
"width": 189,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Data Jaringan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 684,
"width": 252,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perbandingan data-data pembebanan Trafo sebelum dan sesudah dipasang PHB-SR untuk dapat melakukan pengukuran dan analisa ketidak seimbangan beban yang menyebabkan susut (losses) yang cukup tinggi pada masing-masing Gardu, antara lain : hasil ukur beban trafo, hasil ukur arus pada penghantar netral, hasil ukur arus pada kawat ground dan panjang Jaringan Tegangan Rendah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 370,
"top": 351,
"width": 119,
"height": 391,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gbr. 7 Sketsa Tiang Listrik (II) Gbr. 8 Jumlah Pelanggan (II) T ABEL II DATA PEMBEBANAN TRAFO (I)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 745,
"width": 183,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fasa S(kVA) Vp-n (V) I(A) Pengukuran Malam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 22,
"width": 84,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2301-6949",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 22,
"width": 246,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Power Elektronik : Jurnal Orang Elektro, Vol.13, No.2, 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 34,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2715-5064",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 807,
"width": 246,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhammad Siddik : Sistem Ketidak Seimbangan Beban …",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 807,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "217",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 58,
"width": 237,
"height": 275,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "R 35,78 226 158,3 S 37,85 225 168,3 T 33,81 226 149,6 IN 46,6 A IG 12,1 A RG 3,8Ω Pengukuran Malam R 52,79 225 234,6 S 48,88 226 216,3 T 46,96 226 207,8 IN 64,1 A IG 21,4 A RG 3,8 Ω B.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 322,
"width": 208,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perhitungan dan Persentase Pembebanan Trafo (II)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 336,
"width": 152,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "S = 200 kVA , V = 400 V (fasa-fasa) Persentase Beban Trafo",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 539,
"width": 178,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Waktu Beban Puncak (WBP) yaitu 76,06%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 567,
"width": 255,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "C. Perhitungan ketidakseimbangan beban pada Trafo (II) Pada Siang Hari",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 592,
"width": 252,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan menggunakan persamaan (6), koefisien a, b, dan c dapat diketahui besarnya, dimana besar arus fasa dalam keadaan seimbang ( I ) sama dengan besar arus rata-rata (Irata).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 741,
"width": 253,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada keadaan seimbang, besarnya koefisien a, b dan c adalah 1. Dengan demikian, rata-rata ketidakseimbangan beban (dalam %) adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 128,
"width": 255,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "D. Perhitungan ketidakseimbangan beban pada Trafo (II) Pada Malam Hari",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 153,
"width": 252,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan menggunakan persamaan (6), koefisien a, b, dan c dapat diketahui besarnya, dimana besar arus fasa dalam keadaan seimbang (I) sama dengan besar arus rata-rata (Irata).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 292,
"width": 253,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada keadaan seimbang, besar koefisien a, b dan c adalah 1. Dengan demikian, rata-rata ketidakseimbangan beban (dalam %) adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 400,
"width": 253,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari perhitungan di atas menunjukkan bahwa baik pada siang hari maupun malam hari, ketidakseimbangan beban cukup rendah (< 25%).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 442,
"width": 255,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E. Perhitungan ketidakseimbangan beban pada Trafo (II) Pada Siang Hari",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 467,
"width": 253,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan data tersebut, losses akibat adanya arus netral pada penghantar netral trafo dapat dihitung besarnya, yaitu: 𝑃𝑁 = ( 𝐼𝑁 )² . 𝑅𝑁 = (46,6)² . 0,6842 = 1485,78 Watt ≈ 1,486 kW. Sehingga persentase losses akibat adanya arus netral pada penghantar netral trafo adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 552,
"width": 252,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Losses akibat adanya arus netral yang mengalir ke tanah dapat dihitung besarnya, yaitu: 𝑃𝐺 = ( 𝐼𝐺 )² 𝑅𝐺 = (12,1)².3,8 = 556,36 Watt ≈ 0,556 kW.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 588,
"width": 252,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan demikian persentase losses akibat adanya arus netral yang mengalir ke tanah adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 638,
"width": 149,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "F. Manfaat Finansial PHB-SR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 651,
"width": 252,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mengurangi losses dan penghematan sebesar (berdasarkan data pada pembahasan beban malam hari).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 672,
"width": 252,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Δ 𝑃𝐺 = 𝑃𝐺 1 - 𝑃𝐺 2 = 13,18 kW – 1,74 kW = 11,44 kW Asumsi Rp1.352/kWh Dalam 1 (satu bulan) diperoleh penghematan sebesar 11,44 kW × 720 × Rp1.352 = Rp 11.136.153 Δ 𝑃𝑁 = 𝑃𝑁 1 - 𝑃𝑁 2 = 11,87 kW – 2,81 kW = 9,06 kW Dalam 1 (satu bulan) diperoleh penghematan sebesar : 9,06 kW × 720 × Rp 1.352 = Rp8.819.366. Mengurangi gangguan pembatas arus NH-Fuse, kWH yang hilang akibat pemadaman dan pembelian material akibat kerusakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 776,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "G. Manfaat Non-Finansial PHB-SR",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 22,
"width": 84,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2301-6949",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 22,
"width": 246,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Power Elektronik : Jurnal Orang Elektro, Vol.13, No.2, 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 34,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2715-5064",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 807,
"width": 246,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhammad Siddik : Sistem Ketidak Seimbangan Beban …",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 807,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "218",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 57,
"width": 253,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mempermudah Bidang Penyambungan dalam teknis penyambungan Sambungan Rumah (SR) di Tiang dan Mendukung program go green PLN melalui estetika dan kerapian Jaringan Listrik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 115,
"width": 77,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "V.KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 127,
"width": 253,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PHB SR adalah sebuah alat pembagi Sambungan Rumah dari Jaringan Tegangan Rendah yang dipasang pada Tiang Listrik, tempat manuver beban dalam pelaksanaan pemerataan/ penyeimbangan. Pada Gradu TP 15P susut teknis (losses) akibat timbulnya arus pada kabel netral dan kabel pentanahan mencapai 24,27 kW pada siang hari dan 25,05 kW pada malam hari. Setelah dilakukan pemerataan/ manuver beban turun mencapai 2,04 kW pada siang hari dan 4,55 kW pada malam hari, sehingga susut teknis ( losses ) dapat turun sekitar 80%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 243,
"width": 104,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "VI.DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 264,
"width": 252,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1] H. Muchtar and Y. Sopian, “Studi Verifikasi Sistem",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 278,
"width": 252,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ketidakseimbangan Beban Pada Jaringan Tegangan Rendah Menggunakan Alat PHB–SR (Peralatan Hubung Bagi Sambungan Rumah) Di Wilayah PLN Area Cempaka Putih,” Elektum , vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 324,
"width": 252,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[2] W. S. Aisah, M. Marwan, and S. Thaha, “Studi Pengaruh",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 338,
"width": 252,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ketidakseimbangan Beban Trafo Distribusi 20 Kilovolt Terhadap Rugi-Rugi Daya Pada Penyulang Toddopuli PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) Unit Layanan Pelanggan Panakukkang Makassar,” in Seminar Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Informatika (SNTEI) , 2020, pp. 22–28.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 398,
"width": 252,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[3] E. Agustina and A. F. Amalia, “Penurunan susut non teknis pada jaringan distribusi menggunakan sistem automatic meter reading di pt. pln (persero),” J. Teknol. Elektro , vol. 8, no. 1, p. 142273, 2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 432,
"width": 252,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[4] H. A. Siahaan, “Analisis Susut Energi Untuk Tindakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 446,
"width": 251,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemeliharaan Jaringan Tegangan Menengah Di Pt Pln (Persero) Ulp",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 456,
"width": 90,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siborongborong,” 2022. [5]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 468,
"width": 251,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Kadir, “Distribusi dan utilisasi tenaga listrik,” Penerbit Univ. Indones. Jakarta , 2000.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 492,
"width": 252,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[6] A. Ramadini, “PENGARUH PERGANTIAN KWH",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 506,
"width": 252,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METER PASCABAYAR ANALOG MENJADI KWH METER PASCABAYAR DIGITAL DALAM UPAYA PENURUNAN SUSUT NON TEKNIS PT PLN (PERSERO) ULP SUKARAMI.” Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, 2021.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 552,
"width": 252,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[7] S. N. Indonesia, “Persyaratan Umum Instalasi Listrik 2011",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 564,
"width": 251,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(PUIL 2011),” DirJen Ketenagalistrikan , vol. 2011, pp. 1–133, 2011.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 576,
"width": 252,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[8] R. Afrianda, S. Samsurizal, and A. A. Nurul, “Pengaruh",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 590,
"width": 251,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ketidakseimbangan Beban Terhadap Efesiensi Transformator Distribusi Studi Gardu PT PLN (PERSERO) Area Bekasi,” Sutet , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 29–38, 2020.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
0787bbe1-8373-2297-7d4a-83edcd92516f | https://jqph.org/index.php/JQPH/article/download/122/126 | [
{
"left": 77,
"top": 45,
"width": 221,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal for Quality in Public Health",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 361,
"top": 45,
"width": 155,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN: 2614-4913 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 62,
"width": 220,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3, No. 2, May 2020, pp: 701-710",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 400,
"top": 62,
"width": 118,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2614-4921 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 78,
"width": 172,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: 10.30994/jqph.v3i2.122",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 754,
"width": 280,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website: http://jqph.org | Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 506,
"top": 754,
"width": 17,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "701",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 118,
"width": 432,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effectiveness Of Giving Additional Food With Stretching Exercise And Short Breaks On Work Fatique And Musculoskeletal Disorder Of",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 151,
"width": 287,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Production Workers PT. Rekaindo Global Jasa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 202,
"width": 113,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Heni Ratna Candrawati",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 226,
"width": 154,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Magister of Public Health Program of Institut Ilmu Kesehatan STRADA Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 272,
"width": 108,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 641,
"width": 117,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Received : October 12, 2019",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 661,
"width": 130,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted : February 13, 2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 682,
"width": 136,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published : May 15, 2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 179,
"width": 63,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 235,
"top": 200,
"width": 291,
"height": 447,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorder lead to work accidents, and decreased work productivity. Additional food, short breaks and stretching exercises can reduce work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of additional food along with stretching and short resting exercises on work fatigue and musculosksletal disorder at PT. Rekaindo Global Jasa Production Section. This research method uses True Experiment with Non Equivalent pretest posttest Control Group Design. The sample was 52 production section workers. The Nordic Body Map questionnaire was used to measure musculoskeletal disorder and the Subjective Selft Rating Test Questionnaire was used to measure work fatigue. Data were tested by t-paired test and ANOVA test with significance level α = 0.005. The results of work fatigue research in treatment group 1 showed p value = 0.002 and treatment group 2 p value = 0.003, which means there were differences in work fatigue before and after treatment. The results of the musculoskeletal disorder treatment group 1 showed p value 0,000 and treatment group 2 p value = 0,000 which means there were differences in musculoskeletal disorder before and after treatment. The research results of work fatigue between groups showed p value = 0.012 which means there was a difference in work fatigue between the control and treatment groups. While the study of musculoskeletal disorder between groups p value = 0.001 which means there are differences in musculoskeletal disorder between the control and treatment groups. Analysis of the results of the study showed supplementation, short breaks and stretching exercises could reduce work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorder. Therefore supplementation with supplementary stretching and short breaks in the production workers of PT. Rekaindo Global Jasa need to be provided to reduce work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorder of production workers in PT. Rekaindo Global Jasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 235,
"top": 665,
"width": 291,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Work Fatigue, musculoskeletal disorder, Additional food",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 728,
"width": 454,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open-acces article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 39,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effectiveness Of Giving Additional Food With…..",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 754,
"width": 161,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal for Quality in Public Health",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 506,
"top": 754,
"width": 19,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "702",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 87,
"width": 454,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "One of the issues of Occupational Safety and Health (K3) that can trigger occupational accidents is work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders. Work fatigue is a condition where a person's efficiency and endurance at work decreases. Work fatigue leads to the weakening of the workforce to carry out an activity resulting in a reduction in work capacity and endurance. (Mariani Juliana et al, 2018)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 151,
"width": 454,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Factors causing fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace vary greatly, that is determined from external factors and internal factors. Internal factors that cause labor fatigue are age, gender and nutritional status. While the factors that cause work fatigue from external factors are workload, work period and long work environment (Dwi Medianto, 2017). Work fatigue and musculoskletal complaints can lead to decreased performance, work productivity and morale. Therefore we need a problem solving to overcome work fatigue. There are several ways to overcome work fatigue and musculosletal complaints, namely by working according to physical capacity, redesigning the ergonomic work station, redesigning the work environment, balanced calorie requirements and rest accompanied by stretching every two hours with a little snacks (Tarwaka, 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 264,
"width": 454,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In the preliminary study, initial data collection from work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders was performed on 10 respondents in the production section of PT. Rekaindo Global Services using a 30 Item Rating Scale and Nordic Body Map questionnaire. The initial research results of work fatigue are 1 (one) low fatigue, 2 (two) moderate fatigue, 3 (three) high fatigue, and 2 (two) high fatigue. While the results of preliminary research on musculoskeletal disorders were Normal 0 (zero), moderate 3 (three) people, high 4 (four) people and very high 3 (three) people. Therefore it is necessary to conduct research to reduce work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to determine the effect of additional food accompanied by stretching and additional food accompanied by short rest on work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders of Production Workers of PT. Rekaindo Global Services. Additional food accompanied by stretching exercises is the process of inserting nutrients into the body of the worker outside the habit of eating heavy meals three times a day and proceed with stretching exercises. Additional food accompanied by short breaks is the process of inserting food substances into the body of workers outside of heavy eating habits three times a day followed by short breaks outside of the specified rest. Work fatigue is a feeling of subjective weariness of PT. Rekaindo Global Services before and after doing work activities. Musculoskeletal disorders are complaints of the musculoskeletal system from discomfort to pain, in the form of disorders of the skeletal muscular system caused by work factors.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 479,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A physiological review of the benefits of additional food on work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders is. Sugar levels and muscle efficiency will decrease after 3 hours of work. If muscle activity is carried out continuously and no additional food is given, it will proceed with the breakdown of food reserves. The process of metabolism by using food reserves will cause the formation of pyruvic acid which will be converted to lactic acid. Lactic acid will cause fatigue and pain in the muscles. Therefore, administration can reduce work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders because muscles do not need to use food reserves for metabolism (Tarwaka, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 568,
"width": 454,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The continuous contraction of muscle fibers causes blood circulation obstruction. Circulation obstruction will cause muscles to become fatigued, spasm and pain. Stretching aims to lengthen the muscle structure that is shortened due to continuous contraction. This stretch is able to make the blood flow smoothly so that the muscles return to relaxation and vasodilation. Stretching also serves to reduce muscle spasms that cause pain by closing the pain control gate. (Sarwi, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 631,
"width": 454,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In jobs with moderate workloads, short breaks of 10 to 15 minutes are required. Short breaks provide an opportunity for the worker's body to return to the initial performance of work so that the heart load is reduced (Widjasena, 2004). A 10-minute break is the minimum amount of time needed for a group of muscle tendons to restore musculoskeletal function after experiencing fatigue due to continuous contractions. This time is used for vasodilation of blood vessels in muscle fibers. (Andriani, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 39,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effectiveness Of Giving Additional Food With…..",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 754,
"width": 161,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal for Quality in Public Health",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 506,
"top": 754,
"width": 19,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "703",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METHODS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 87,
"width": 454,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The research method used is True Experiment with the design used is Non-Equivalent pretest posttest Control Group Design that is true quasi experiment by looking at the difference in pretest and posttest between the experimental class and the control class. In this research.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 125,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The population of this research is the workers of PT. Rekaindo Global Services, amounting to 60 people. The sample used in this study uses the Slovin formula of 52 people. The data collection tool was the Nordic Body Map Questionnaire used to measure musculoskeletal disorders and the Selft Rating Test Questionnaire was used to measure work fatigue.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 176,
"width": 454,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The procedure of this study was that the sample was divided into 3 groups: the control group, treatment group 1 and treatment group 2. On day 1 the control group, treatment 1 and treatment 2 were measured at work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders before work. After that, they were given treatment for 3 days starting on day 1. In the control group, the treatment was not given anything. In the treatment group 1 was given 1 banana bolen and 1 cup of sweet tea accompanied by stretching exercises for 10 minutes every 10:00 and 15:00 hours. In treatment group 2 was given 1 bolen banana and 1 glass of sweet tea accompanied by a short break of 10 minutes every 10:00 and 15:00 hours. On day 3, work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders were measured in the control and treatment groups after work. The data obtained were then tested by t-paired test to test differences in work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders before and after treatment in each group. Anova test was used to test differences in work fatigue and musculosletal complaints between control and treatment groups.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 328,
"width": 53,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RESULTS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 340,
"width": 162,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Measurement of Work Fatigue",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 353,
"width": 412,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1 Results of Work Fatigue Measurement Group Variable N Average SD Range Control Fatigue before treatment 18 78,55 10,80 58 - 93 Fatigue After treatment 18 77,33 6,71 65 - 87 Treatment 1 Fatigue before treatment 1 17 79,65 6,59 69 - 88 Fatigue After treatment 1 17 72,29 6,81 60 - 88 Treatment 2 Fatigue before treatment 2 17 76,59 11,22 58 - 94 Fatigue After treatment 2 17 69,06 4,29 60 - 76",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 475,
"width": 440,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1 shows that the average control group fatigue before treatment was 78.55 while after treatment was 77.33. In the study group 1 treatment before treatment an average of fatigue79.65. While the fatigue range of treatment group 1 after treatment was 72.29. In the study group 2 treatment before the average treatment of fatigue76, 59. While the treatment group fatigue 1 after the treatment is an average of 69.06 fatigue.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 551,
"width": 216,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Measurement of Musculoskeletal Disorder",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 576,
"width": 250,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2 Difference Test of Musculoskeletal Disorder",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 590,
"width": 403,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Group Variabel N Average SD Range Control Complaints before treatment 18 71,55 12,76 37 - 94 Complaints after treatment 18 73,17 15,90 40 - 95 Treatment 1 Complaints before treatment 1 17 71,23 15,08 54 - 103 Complaints after treatment 1 17 59,47 14,50 34- 80 Treatment 2 Complaints before treatment 2 17 71,18 16,80 54 - 90 Complaints after treatment 2 17 61,41 11,74 36 - 70",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 705,
"width": 440,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In table 2 shows the musculoskeletal disorders of control group research subjects before the average treatment of 71.55 and after the average treatment of 73.17. In the study group the treatment before the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders averaged 71.23. after an average of 59.47. In the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 39,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effectiveness Of Giving Additional Food With…..",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 754,
"width": 161,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal for Quality in Public Health",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 506,
"top": 754,
"width": 19,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "704",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 75,
"width": 440,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "study group 2 treatment before the average treatment of musculoskeletal disorders 71.18. While the fatigue range of the treatment group 2 after the treatment was an average of fatigue of 61.41.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 197,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Different Test Results for Each Group",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 125,
"width": 460,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 3 Difference Test of Work Fatigue Group Variable N Average SD Sig. Information Rate of change Control Fatigue before treatment 18 78,55 10,80 0,473 No difference - Fatigue After treatment 18 77,33 6,71 Treatment 1 Fatigue before treatment 1 17 79,65 6,59 0,002 There is a difference Work fatigue decreased 9.24% Fatigue After treatment 1 17 72,29 6,81 Treatment 2 Fatigue before treatment 2 17 76,59 11,22 0,003 There is a difference Work fatigue decreased 9,83% Fatigue After treatment 2 17 69,06 4,29",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 319,
"width": 440,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results in table 3 show that there was no difference in work fatigue before and after measurement in the control group with a p value of 0.473. In the treatment group 1 shows p value = 0.002 which means there are differences before and after treatment while in the treatment group 2 p value = 0.003 which means there are differences before and after treatment.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 382,
"width": 250,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 4 Difference Test of Musculoskeletal disorders",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 395,
"width": 455,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Group Variabel N Average SD Sig. Information Rate of change Control Complaints before treatment 18 71,55 12,76 0,473 No difference - Complaints after treatment 18 73,17 15,90 Treatment 1 Complaints before treatment 1 17 71,23 15,08 0,000 There is a difference Musculoskeletal disorder decrease 16,51% Complaints after treatment 1 17 59,47 14,50 Treatment 2 Complaints before treatment 2 17 71,18 16,80 0,000 There is a difference Musculoskeletal disorder decrease 13,72% Complaints after treatment 2 17 61,41 11,74",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 576,
"width": 440,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results in table 4 show that there were no differences in musculoskeletal disorders before and after measurement in the control group with a p value of 0.473. In the treatment group 1 shows p value = 0,000 which means there are differences before and after treatment while in the treatment group 2 p value = 0,000 which means there are differences before and after treatment.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 639,
"width": 143,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Intergroup Difference Test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 652,
"width": 356,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 4.7 Difference Test of Work Fatigue between Groups Dependent Variable Group Sig. Anova Information Work fatigue Control 0,001 There is a difference Treatment 1 Treatment 2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 39,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effectiveness Of Giving Additional Food With…..",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 754,
"width": 161,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal for Quality in Public Health",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 506,
"top": 754,
"width": 19,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "705",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 75,
"width": 440,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anova statistical test results showed a significance value of 0.001 <0.05, which indicates a difference in the average work fatigue between treatment groups.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 113,
"width": 335,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 4.7 Difference Test of Musculoskeletal Disorder between Groups",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 126,
"width": 337,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dependent Variable Group Sig. Anova Information Muskuloskeletal Disorder Control 0,012 There is a difference Treatment 1 Treatment 2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 204,
"width": 440,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The research hypothesis would also examine whether there were differences in musculoskeletal disorders between the control group, treatment group 1, and treatment group 2. The ANOVA statistical test results showed a significance value of 0.012 < 0.05 indicating a difference in the mean of musculoskeletal disorders between treatment groups.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 267,
"width": 70,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 280,
"width": 408,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Analysis of Work Fatigue Before and After Treatment in Each Treatment Group",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 292,
"width": 109,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Treatment Group 1",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 305,
"width": 418,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From the different test before and after treatment in treatment group 1, the p value was 0.002, which means there was a difference in work fatigue before and after the workers were given additional food in the form of banana bolen and sweet tea and stretching exercises.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 343,
"width": 418,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Static work attitude on the production workers at PT. Rekaindo Global Jasa causes muscles to contract continuously causing spasm and fatigue. Sugar levels and muscle efficiency will decrease after 3 hours of work. If muscle activity is carried out continuously and no additional food is given, it will proceed with the breakdown of food reserves. The process of metabolism by using food reserves will cause the formation of pyruvic acid which will be converted to lactic acid. Lactic acid will cause fatigue and pain in the muscles. Therefore the provision of additional food in the form of sweet tea and banana bolen to production workers at PT. Rekaindo can reduce work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders because muscles do not need to use food reserves for metabolism. (Tarwaka, 2014)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 457,
"width": 418,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Stretching aims to lengthen the muscular structure that is shortened as a result of continuous contractions. This stretch is able to make blood flow smoothly again. Stretching also serves to reduce muscle spasms that cause pain by closing the pain control gate. (Sarwi, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 507,
"width": 418,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Whereas in the research conducted on 86 Occupational Therapy Polytechnic Surakarta students stated that Working Streching Exercise had an effect on reducing fatigue of respondents. (Hastuti, 2017)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 558,
"width": 106,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Treatment Group 2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 571,
"width": 419,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From the different test before and after treatment in treatment group 2, the p value was 0.003, which means that there were differences in work fatigue before and after the workers were given additional food in the form of banana bolen and sweet tea and short rest.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 608,
"width": 419,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Health and work power are closely related to a person's nutritional level. The body needs substances from food for the maintenance of the body, repairing damage from cells and tissues and for growth, which at least requires a lot depending on age, sex, environment and the burden suffered by a person. These substances are also needed to do work. The work carried out will require labor whose source is food (Suma'mur 1967). Giving calories before work is important because it will be converted into energy. These calories will decrease after working continuously for 3 to 4 hours, so that when the body is not given additional calories, the energy produced will be reduced and the body feels tired. (Soenarso Soenardi, 2004)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 710,
"width": 419,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In jobs with moderate workloads, short breaks of 10 to 15 minutes are required. Short breaks provide an opportunity for the worker's body to return to the initial performance of work so that the heart load is reduced (Widjasena, 2004). A 10-minute break is the minimum amount",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 39,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effectiveness Of Giving Additional Food With…..",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 754,
"width": 161,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal for Quality in Public Health",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 506,
"top": 754,
"width": 19,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "706",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 75,
"width": 418,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "of time needed for a group of muscle tendons to restore musculoskeletal function after experiencing fatigue due to continuous contractions. This time is used for vasodilation of blood vessels in muscle fibers. (Andriani, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 113,
"width": 419,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Several studies regarding the provision of short breaks to workers, among others, were carried out by Widjasena who stated that the provision of salt sugar and short breaks for 10 minutes can reduce the workload on 26 workers in the bakery company \"X\" Semarang. Research by Setyawan et al states that short breaks can reduce work fatigue in 20 cigarette rolling workers at PT. Djitoe Indonesia Tobacco (Setyawan, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 189,
"width": 328,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Work Fatigue Analysis Between Control and Treatment Groups",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 201,
"width": 433,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of this study stated that between the control group and the treatment group p value was 0.001, which means experiencing differences in work fatigue after being treated. ANOVA statistical test results showed that there were differences in the mean between treatment groups, which means that post hoc tests were needed to observe which groups were different. Post hoc tests use Fisher Least Significant Difference (LSD), which is commonly used to find out which average pair is the most different among the existing pairs. Significance value <0.05 indicates an average difference in the paired groups. In the LSD statistical test showed the control group and treatment group 1 with p value 0.018, while between the control group and treatment group 2 with a p value of 0,000. This shows that there are differences in the average work fatigue in the control group, treatment 1, and treatment 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 328,
"width": 434,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Production workers who use muscles for work and activities will experience long-term contractions with forces that adjust the workload. This condition is ongoing so that it will result in muscle fatigue. The spread of nerve signals through neuromuscular contact will decrease after prolonged muscle activity which can reduce muscle contraction. Barriers to blood flow to the muscles that are contracting result in almost perfect muscle fatigue for a minute or more due to loss of food supply, especially loss of oxygen (Guyton, 2006). Fatigue experienced by workers also occurs due to the existence of organs that continuously receive external workloads with no chance of resting or getting workloads that exceed their capacity (Adiputra, 2003). Work fatigue caused by static muscle work requires further treatment. The way to overcome this is to provide muscle stretching exercises. Giving stretching exercises can reduce spasms because of proprioceptor muscle or muscle spindles that are activated when stretching occurs (Budiono, 2003).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 479,
"width": 433,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In this study the provision of supplementary food in the form of banana bolen and sweet tea after 3-4 hours of work accompanied by short breaks and stretching exercises can reduce work fatigue scores for workers. This means that the treatment given can reduce fatigue. Additional food is able to produce energy intake that is provided in between work hours with short breaks for recovery of muscle fatigue and removal of metabolic waste, while stretching in reducing muscle fatigue. This stretch is able to improve the focus of work and correction of posture because at that time the muscles have begun to experience fatigue and spasm so that at such times stretching accelerates recovery from spasm and accumulation of metabolic waste.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 581,
"width": 434,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In the results of statistical tests it can be concluded that the treatment of additional food with short breaks to work fatigue can reduce work fatigue greater than the treatment of additional food with short breaks. Provision of supplementary food accompanied by short breaks can reduce work fatigue by 8.27451, while additional food accompanied by stretching exercises can reduce work fatigue by 5.03922. The results of this study are in accordance with research conducted on the blacksmith workers' community blacksmith Wesiaji Donorejo said that there was an effect of short breaks and the provision of sweet tea on increasing worker productivity.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 669,
"width": 433,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research in line with research on giving bananas, short breaks and stretching to work fatigue, musculoskeletal disorders and productivity carried out on 16 workers using the East Kalimantan Palm Plantation plantations, where the results of the study show that prior to treatment the control group and the treatment group were not given there are differences in work fatigue, but after treatment there is a difference in work fatigue between the control group and the treatment group (Damantalm, 2018)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 39,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effectiveness Of Giving Additional Food With…..",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 754,
"width": 161,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal for Quality in Public Health",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 506,
"top": 754,
"width": 19,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "707",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 87,
"width": 458,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorder Before and After Treatment in Each Treatment Group",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 100,
"width": 109,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Treatment Group 1",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 113,
"width": 418,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From the different tests before and after treatment in treatment group 1, p value was 0,000, which means there were differences in musculoskeletal disorders before and after workers were given additional food and stretching exercises.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 151,
"width": 418,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "At work, the muscles will contract. Each contraction process requires energy obtained from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is broken down to form ADP (adenosine diphosphate). The process of metabolism is obtained from food reserves, so food reserves will decrease after 3-4 hours after work. When food reserves in the body decreases and there is no additional food intake, the body will use other food reserves to be processed into energy which will eventually produce lactic acid which causes pain (Sumakmur, 2009). Continuous static muscle contractions result in increased pressure in the muscles resulting in obstruction of blood flow in the blood vessels and muscle spasms. Muscle spasm will cause pain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 252,
"width": 418,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Supplementary food in the form of sweet tea and banana bolen is able to provide the calories needed by workers after the food calories decrease during working 3 hours continuously. Workers who are given extra food will experience a decrease in musculoskeletal disorders because there is no need to process food reserves that produce lactic acid causing musculoskeltal complaints. Dynamic muscle contraction, one of which is stretching exercises makes the blood flow return smoothly and provides oxygen supply to the muscles (Hastuti, 2016). The muscle that regains supply of oxygen will decrease in pain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 340,
"width": 418,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research is supported by the results of research from Hastuti (2016) which states that stretching at the workplace can reduce musculoskeletal disorders in sewing workers at CV. X Sukoharjo, Central Java.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 391,
"width": 109,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Treatment Group 2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 404,
"width": 418,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From the different tests before and after treatment in treatment group 2, the p value was 0,000, which means there were differences in musculoskeletal disorders before and after workers were given additional food and short breaks.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 442,
"width": 418,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The work attitude of the production department workers of PT. Rekaindo Global Jasa is not physiological so it is not comfortable, the workload is quite heavy and there are often musculoskeletal disorders. This condition when done repeatedly can increase the risk of cumulative trauma disorders (Manuaba, 2003). Workers who work like these conditions have the potential to experience musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue and the risk of workplace accidents. To overcome these problems, organizational improvement is carried out by applying short breaks to reduce the workload and musculoskeletal disorders through a participatory approach. Through this approach, it is expected to create conditions and working environment that is healthy, safe, comfortable and efficient (Manuaba, 1996). In jobs with moderate workloads, short breaks of 10 to 15 minutes are required. Short breaks provide an opportunity for the worker's body to return to the initial performance of work so that the heart load is reduced (Widjasena, 2004). The results of this study stated that the average work fatigue in this group before being treated was 76.59 while after being treated was 69.06. So additional food and short breaks can reduce fatigue in workers by 9.83%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 619,
"width": 419,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Several studies regarding the provision of short breaks to workers, among others, were carried out by Widjasena who stated that the provision of salt sugar and short breaks for 10 minutes can reduce the workload on 26 workers in the bakery company \"X\" Semarang. Research by Setyawan et al states that short breaks can reduce work fatigue in 20 cigarette rolling workers at PT. Djitoe Indonesia Tobacco (Setyawan, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 695,
"width": 245,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "D. Intergroup Musculoskeletal Disorder Analysis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 707,
"width": 433,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of this study stated that between the control group and the treatment group the p value was 0.012 which meant experiencing differences in musculoskeletal disorders after being treated. ANOVA statistical test results showed that there were differences in the mean between",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 39,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effectiveness Of Giving Additional Food With…..",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 754,
"width": 161,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal for Quality in Public Health",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 506,
"top": 754,
"width": 19,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "708",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 75,
"width": 433,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "treatment groups, which means that post hoc tests were needed to observe which groups were different. Post hoc tests use Fisher Least Significant Difference (LSD), which is commonly used to find out which average pair is the most different among the existing pairs. Significance value <0.05 indicates an average difference in the paired groups. In the LSD statistical test showed the control group and treatment group 1 with p value 0.006, while between the control group and treatment group 2 with a p value of 0.018. This shows that there are differences in the average work fatigue in the control group, treatment 1, and treatment 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 163,
"width": 433,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Musculoskeletal disorders in production workers occur due to excessive muscle contraction due to heavy workloads with a long duration of loading. This causes decreased oxygen supply, carbohydrate metabolism is inhibited and lactate acid accumulation occurs. Not yet given additional food to the workers resulting in decreased oxygen supply cannot be replaced immediately and fulfilled their needs, causing pain and discomfort in the muscles (Wijaya, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 226,
"width": 433,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In this study the provision of supplementary food in the form of banana bolen and sweet tea after 3-4 hours of work accompanied by short breaks and stretching exercises can reduce the score of musculoskeletal disorders in workers. Supplementary food is able to produce energy intake that is given in between work hours with short breaks for recovery of muscle fatigue and disposal of metabolic waste materials so that the body does not need to take food reserves to be processed into energy that will produce lactic acid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 302,
"width": 433,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Musculoskeletal disorders caused by prolonged static muscle work require further treatment. The way to overcome them is by giving short breaks. Short breaks for 5-10 minutes make work readiness above the threshold. A short 10-minute break can restore the musculoskeletal function of the muscle tendon group because the muscles that experience excessive contraction again relaxes so that blood flow returns smoothly. Blood circulation that returns smoothly will cause oxygen supply to return to normal and disposal of metabolic waste that can cause pain can be re-done so that it will reduce musculoskeletal disorders (Sutjana 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 391,
"width": 433,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Regular stretching interrupted work reduces muscle tension, improves blood circulation, reduces anxiety, feeling depressed, fatigue. Giving stretching can reduce spasm due to muscle proprioceptor or muscle spindles that are activated when stretching occurs. (Daryono, 2016.).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 429,
"width": 433,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Giving stretches can also stimulate thick nerve fibers (Aalpha and Abeta) so that they can close the pain control gate. The stretching mechanism is included in the category of mechanical stimulation that can activate the function of thick non-nociceptive nerve fibers (A alphadan Abeta) and close the control gate so that the pain carried by thin section nerve fibers (A delta and C) cannot be transmitted to the brain (Coury, 2009 ). This stretching is expected to improve work focus and posture correction because at that time the muscles have begun to experience fatigue, spasm, lactic acid buildup so that at such times stretching accelerates recovery from spasm and accumulation of metabolic waste.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 530,
"width": 433,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study is in line with research on 20 workers on stretching and resting training that can reduce mesculoskeletal complaints and improve the concentration of the performance of employees of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar Hospital. The results showed that active stretching and resting training decreased musculoskeletal disorders, eye fatigue, and increased the work concentration of BRM Sanglah Hospital employees. Stretching training has been proven to reduce musculoskeletal disorders, eye fatigue, and increase employee work concentration (sensory, 2017)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 606,
"width": 434,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In the results of statistical tests it can be concluded that the treatment of additional food accompanied by stretching exercises against musculoskeltal complaints can reduce musculoskeletal disorders greater than the treatment of additional food with short breaks. Additional food accompanied by stretching exercises can reduce musculoskeletal disorders by 13.69608, while additional food accompanied by short breaks can reduce musculoskeletal disorders by 11.754.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 695,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 707,
"width": 415,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From the results of the analysis and discussion described previously, it can be concluded that:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 39,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effectiveness Of Giving Additional Food With…..",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 754,
"width": 161,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal for Quality in Public Health",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 506,
"top": 754,
"width": 19,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "709",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. There is a difference in the work fatigue of PT. Rekaindo Global Services before and after additional food accompanied by stretching exercises with p value = 0.002.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 100,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. There is a difference in the work fatigue of PT. Rekaindo Global Services before and after additional food accompanied by short breaks with p value = 0.003.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 125,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. There are differences in musculoskeletal disorders from PT. Rekaindo Global Services before and after additional food accompanied by stretching exercises with p value = 0,000",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 151,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. There are differences in musculoskeletal disorders from PT. Rekaindo Global Services before and after additional food accompanied by short breaks with p value = 0,000.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 176,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. There is a difference in work fatigue between the control group and the treatment group with a p value of 0.001.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 201,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. There were differences in musculoskeletal disorders between the control group and the treatment group with a p value of 0.012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 239,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 252,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Bayu Pranoto. 2014. Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pada Tenaga Kerja Bagian Weaving di PT. ISKANDAR INDAH PRINTING TEKSTIL SURAKARTA. Skripsi. Universitas Muhamadiyah Surakarta: Surakarta",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 290,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andriani, 2016. Hubungan Umur, Kebisingan dan Temperatur Udara dengan Kelelahan Subyektif Individu di PT. X Jakarta. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 5, No. 2 Juli-Des 2016: 112–120",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 328,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Darmantalan. 2018. Pemberian buah pisang, istirahat Pendek dan Peregangan menurunkan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal, Kelelahan dan Meningkatkan Produktivitas Permanen Penggunaan Alat Egrek Perekbunan Kelapa Sawit PT. SSD Berau- Kalimantan Timur. Tesis. Universitas Udayana: Denpasar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 378,
"width": 454,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daryono, 2016 Redesain Rakel dan Pembenci Peregangan Akif Menurunkan Beban Kerja dan Keluhan Muskulosketal serta Produktivitas Kerja Pekerja Sablon pada Industri Sablon Surya Bali di Denpasar Jurnal Ergonomi Indonesia 2016,vol 2 no 2",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 429,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dwi Medianto, 2017. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kelelahan Kerja pada Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat (TKBM) di Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas Semarang (Studi Kasus pekerja TKBM Bagian Unit Penggantungan Pupuk). Skripsi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang: Semarang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 479,
"width": 454,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Guyfon, A.C. and Hall, J.E., 2006. Textbook of Medical Physchilogi. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 492,
"width": 76,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Elsevier Sanders",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 505,
"width": 400,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Iridiastadi, H,Yassierli 2014 Ergonomis suatu pengantar Bandung PT.Remaja Rosdakarya Implementasi k3 di Tempat Kerja II ed.Surakarta : Harapan Press Surakarta ,2014",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 530,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Januar Atiqoh, dkk. 2014. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kelelahan Kerja pada Pekerja Konveksi Bagian Penjahitan di CV. Aneka Garment Gunung Pati Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat . September 2014. Vol.2 No.2, PP. 119-126.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 568,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kusgiyanto dkk, 2017. Analisis Hubungan Beban Kerja Fisik, Masa Kerja, Usia dan Jenis Kelamin Terhadap Tingkat Kelelahan Kerja Pada Pekerja Bagian Pembuatan Kulit Lumpia Di Kelurahan Kranggan Kecamatan Semarang Tengah. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ( e- Journal).Oktober 2017 Vol.5 No.5,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 619,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Klayan Dwiara Putri, 2012. Pengaruh Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Terhadap Kelelahan Kerja pada Pekerja di UD. Anggraini: Skripsi. Universitas Sebelas Maret: Surakarta",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 644,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koeryanto, H 2013 Masa Kerja dan Sikap Kerja Terhadap Nyeri Punggung Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 9 No 1 :9-14",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 669,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kysner, 2007. Therapeutic Exercise: Foundation and Technique 5th . Philadelpia: F. A. Davis Company. PP: 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 695,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lies Sarwi. 2016. The Effect of Workplace Stretching – Exercise (WSE) to Musculoskeletal Discomfort and Work Fatique of Sewing Workers in CV. X Sukoharjo Central Java. International Conference on Technology, Innulation, and Society 2016. 978-602-70572",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 39,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effectiveness Of Giving Additional Food With…..",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 754,
"width": 161,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal for Quality in Public Health",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 506,
"top": 754,
"width": 19,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "710",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mariani Juliana dkk, 2018. Analisis Faktor Kelelahan Kerja Pada Karyawan Bagian Produksi PT. Arwana Anugerah Keramik, Tbk. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatanmasyarakat: Maret 2018 Vol.9 No.1 , PP 53-63",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nindya, E. 2013. Hubungan Beban Kerja Fisik, Kebisingan dan Faktor individu dengan Kelelahan Pekerja Bagian weaving PT. X Batang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat UNDIP. Januari 2016. Vol.2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 151,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahayu, 2012. Faktor Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal Pada Pekerja Angkat Angkut Industri Pemecah Batu Di Kecamatan Karang Nongko Klaten. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, Vol. 1 No. 2. Hal 836-844",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 189,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sukedana,2016, Prevalensi Keluhan Muskuloskeletal dan Keluhan Kesehatan Lainnya pada Pekerja Pura Batu pada dalam Konsep health ergonomic jurnal ergonomi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 211,
"width": 454,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suma’nur 1999,ergonomi untuk Produktivitasi Kerja Jakarta :CU Haji Majagung Sumakmur 2009 Hiegiene Perusahaan dan Keselamatan Kerja Jakarta: CV Sugung Seto Supariadi 2012 Penilaian Status Gizi Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC Susetyo 2008,Teknologi Pengendalian Organisme Penggangu Tanaman (OPT) Ramah Sutaja ,2014 Perbaikan kondisi kerja Berbasis Kearifan Lokal yang relevan dengan konsep Ergonomi Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Kesehatan dan Produktivitas Pematung. Jurral Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Apri 2013.Vol.2.No.I PP 128-208",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 302,
"width": 454,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Soenarso Soenardi 2004 Memelihara Kesehatan Jasmani Melalui Makara, Bandung : ITB Sulchan DI dan Endang N.w.2007 keamanan panjar kemasan plastik dan Styotofoam Semarang : UNDIP",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 340,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tarwaka ,2013.Ergonomi Industri,Dasar –dasar pengetahuan Ergonomi dan Aplikasi di Tempat Kerja Surakarta:Harapan Press",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 366,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rivai dkk, 2014 Wijaya dkk , Hubungan Tingkat Risiko Ergonomi Dan Masa Kerja Dengan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal Pada Pekerja Pemecah Batu, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, Vol 2, No. 3 Vol 2, No 3",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 404,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wijaya dkk ,2011.The Relation Between Risk Factor and Musculoskeletal Impairment in Dental Students : a Preliminati Study Journal of Dentistry Indonesia 2011 Vol.18,No 2,PP.33-37 Wignjosoebroto, Sritomo ,2008 Ergonomi (Studi Gerak dan Waktu) Surabaya : Guna Widya.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
3579895d-b613-19c0-735a-a5871d48b3fe | http://ejournal.upnjatim.ac.id/index.php/tekkim/article/download/75/58 | [
{
"left": 106,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol.5, No.2, September 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 503,
"top": 36,
"width": 16,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "769",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 83,
"width": 375,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "OPTIMASI SUHU DAN KONSENTRASI ASAM ASETAT PADA REAKSI EPOKSIDASI METIL ESTER MINYAK SAWIT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 129,
"width": 393,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "TEMPERATURE AND ACETIC ACID CONCENTRATION OPTIMATION IN THE EPOXIDATION REACTION OF PALM OIL METHYL ESTER",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 148,
"top": 204,
"width": 527,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Edy Purwanto, Emma Savitri, dan Christopher Aditya Sivananda Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Surabaya Jalan Raya Kalirungkut 60293 Surabaya, Telepon. (031)2981158, Faks. (031) 2981178 email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 270,
"width": 48,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 292,
"width": 418,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Minyak nabati kaya akan kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh dari jenis asam oleat, linoleat, dan linole- nat yang dapat dikonversi menjadi gugus senyawa epoksida. Minyak epoksida memiliki banyak kegunaan diantaranya sebagai plastisiser untuk memperbaiki fleksibilitas, elastisitas, dan stabilitas bahan karena pengaruh panas dan radiasi. Pada penelitian ini, minyak sawit dikonversi terlebih dahulu menjadi metil ester minyak sawit (MEMS) dan kemudian dilanjutkan reaksi epoksidaso menghasilkan metil ester minyak sawit terepoksidasi (MEMST). Metode response surface digunakan untuk optimasi dan mempelajari pengaruh suhu reaksi dan rasio mol MEMS/CH 3 COOH terhadap konversi reaksi dan bilangan oxirane. Kondisi reaksi yang optimal ditunjukkan oleh kandungan gugus oxirane yang tinggi yaitu bilangan oxirane. Reaksi epoksi- dasi dilakukan di dalam reaktor batch menggunakan asam asetat sebagai senyawa pembawa oksigen. Cen- tral Composite Design (CCD) dengan dua variabel independent dan dua fungsi response digunakan untuk mempelajari pengaruh variabel input. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konversi reaksi meningkat dengan me- ningkatnya suhu reaksi dan rasio mol MEMS/CH 3 COOH sebelum mencapai titik maksimum dan kemudian turun secara monoton. Kondisi reaksi epoksidasi yang optimal ditunjukkan oleh bilangan oxirane maksimum yang dicapai pada suhu reaksi 56,3 o C and rasio mol MEMS/CH 3 COOH adalah 1:0,43.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 454,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kata kunci: epoksidasi, metil ester, minyak sawi,t oxirane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 487,
"width": 54,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 502,
"width": 416,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vegetable oils are rich in content unsaturated fatty acid from the type of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid that can be converted to epoxide groups. Epoxidized oil has many useful applications such as plastisizer to improve flexibility, elasticity and stability under the influence of heat and radiation. In this research, palm oil was converted first to become palm oil methyl ester (POME), followed by epoxidation reaction to produce epoxidized palm oil methyl ester (EPOME). Response surface method (RSM) was per- formed for optimization and to study the influence of reaction temperature and molar ratio POME/CH 3 COOH on the conversion reaction and oxirane value. An optimal reactional condition was shown by high oxirane content which was in the form of oxirane counts/number. Epoxidation reaction was run in the batch reactor using acetic acid as an oxygen carrier. Central Composite Design (CCD) with two inde- pendent variables and two response function was utilized to investigate the effect of input variables. The result shows that reaction conversion increased with the rise of reaction temperature and molar ratio of POME/CH 3 COOH before reaching the maximum point, and then it monotonously decreased. The optimal operating condition for epoxidation reaction was indicated by maximum oxirane value which could be reached by the reaction temperature of 56.3 o C and molar ratio POME/CH 3 COOH of 1:0.43",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 664,
"width": 214,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Key words: epoxidation, methyl ester, oxirane, palm oil",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 36,
"width": 234,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "770 Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol.6, No.1, September 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 82,
"width": 75,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 103,
"width": 202,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil mi- nyak sawit terbesar di dunia dan banyak sekali pro- duk turunan dari minyak sawit yang dapat menggan- tikan keberadaan minyak bumi. Produk hasil olahan minyak sawit diantaranya adalah pelumas biode- gradable dan plastisiser. Asam lemak tak jenuh di dalam minyak sawit dapat dikonversi menjadi mi- nyak epoksida yang dapat digunakan sebagai plasti- sizer untuk meningkatkan fleksibilitas, elastisitas dan stabilitas polimer terhadap panas dan radiasi sinar ultraviolet (Rubeena, 2008). Minyak hasil reaksi epoksidasi dapat digunakan sebagai pelumas suhu tinggi dan produk yang diperoleh dari pembu- kaan cincin oxirane dapat digunakan sebagai pelu- mas pada suhu rendah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 266,
"width": 202,
"height": 171,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada sintesis metil ester minyak sawit tere- poksidasi (MEMST) melalui reaksi epoksidasi, pe- nentuan kondisi optimum pada pengaruh suhu reaksi dan konsentrasi asam asetat sebagai pembawa oksi- gen menjadi hal yang sangat penting karena menen- tukan kualitas dari produk minyak epoksida yang dihasilkan. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian pengaruh suhu reaksi dan konsentrasi asam asetat pada reaksi epoksidasi terhadap konversi reaksi dan bila- ngan oxirane produk. Minyak sawit berasal dari tumbuhan Elaeis guineensi diperoleh dari ekstraksi bagian inti atau buah kelapa sawit. Asam lemak penyusun minyak sawit diantaranya adalah asam laurat, miristat, palmitat, stearat, oleat, dan linoleat. Komposisi asam lemak penyusun minyak sawit diberikan dalam Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 449,
"width": 188,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 1. Kandungan minyak sawit Asam lemak Komposisi (%) Palmitat (C16:0) 44,3 Stearat (C18:0) 4,3 Miristat (C14:0) 1,2 Oleat (C18:1) 39,3 Linoleat (C18:2) 10,0 Lain-lain 0,9 Sumber: Frank, 2002",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 559,
"width": 202,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Reaksi epoksidasi adalah reaksi asam peroxy organik dengan ikatan rangkap untuk membentuk gugus oxirane (Syawaluddin, 2009). Pada reaksi epoksidasi dibutuhkan suatu molekul pembawa oksigen yang berperan sebagai molekul radikal. Molekul pembawa oksigen berasal dari asam kar- boksilat yang telah bereaksi dengan peroksida. Reaksi epoksidasi biasanya dibantu oleh katalis asam untuk mempercepat waktu reaksi. Tujuan pe- nelitian adalah, optimasi suhu dan konsentrasi asam acetat pada reaksi epoksidasi Metil ester minyak sawit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 368,
"top": 82,
"width": 105,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 103,
"width": 202,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada penentuan jumlah percobaan pada variabel yang dikaji dapat dirancang menggunakan metode Central Composite Design (CCD). Jumlah perco- baan yang dilakukan dapat ditentukan dengan per- samaan berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 169,
"width": 185,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "0 2 2 n k k + + (1)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 186,
"width": 119,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dimana: k 2 = factorial design k 2 = star point",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 359,
"top": 214,
"width": 103,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "k = jumlah variabel bebas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 228,
"width": 174,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "0 n = jumlah pengulangan pada titik pusat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 253,
"width": 198,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nilai α dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan: 1 / 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 266,
"width": 187,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "( 2 ) n α = (2) dimana: n = jumlah variabel percobaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 301,
"width": 202,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada penelitian ini digunakan 2 variabel maka nilai α adalah sebesar 1,414 sebagai dasar penen- tuan batas maksimum dan minimum pada rancangan percobaan, dengan menggunakan CCD, nilai aktual dirubah dalam nilai kode sesuai persamaan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 357,
"width": 186,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "i i i x x x X ∆ − = 0 (3)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 390,
"width": 154,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dimana: i X = nilai kode variabel input",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 359,
"top": 406,
"width": 120,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "i x = nilai aktual variabel input",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 423,
"width": 164,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "0 x = nilai aktual variabel input yang berada di titik pusat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 450,
"width": 151,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "i x ∆ =interval nilai aktual variabel input",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 476,
"width": 202,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari hasil rancangan percobaan dengan metode CCD dapat dilakukan analisis statistik dengan metode response surface pada pengaruh dua variabel menggunakan persamaan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 520,
"width": 187,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2 1 12 2 2 22 2 1 11 2 2 1 1 0 x x x x x x y β β β β β β + + + + + =",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 539,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dimana y adalah response; 0 β adalah konstanta;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 556,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1 β dan 2 β adalah koefisien linier; 11 β dan 22 β",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 572,
"width": 202,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "adalah koefisien kuadrat; 12 β adalah koefisien inte- raksi. Rancangan percobaan dari penelitian ini ditunjukkan oleh Tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 608,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 2. Rancangan percobaan reaksi epoksidasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 633,
"width": 213,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel Kode simbol X Range dan Level -1,414 -1 0 1 1,414 Suhu ( o C) Rasio mol x1 x2 45,86 50 60 70 74,14 1:0,36 1:0,4 1: 0,5 1:0,6 1:0,64",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol.5, No.2, September 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 503,
"top": 36,
"width": 16,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "771",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 82,
"width": 202,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bentuk rancangan yang telah disusun berdasarkan Central Composite Design seperti ditunjukkan oleh Tabel 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 125,
"width": 192,
"height": 194,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 3. Central Composite Design Reaksi Epoksidasi No Suhu ( o C) Rasio mol MEMS:CH3COOH (X1) (X2) 1 -1 -1 2 1 -1 3 -1 1 4 1 1 5 -1,41 0 6 1,41 0 7 0 -1,41 8 0 1,41 9 0 0 10 0 0 11 0 0 12 0 0 13 0 0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 333,
"width": 146,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Prosedur Esterifikasi Minyak Sawit",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 343,
"width": 202,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Minyak sawit dicampur dengan metanol dan katalis NaOH di dalam reaktor gelas yang tercelup di dalam water bath sebagai pemanas. Perbandingan mol minyak terhadap metanol yang digunakan ada- lah 1:9 dan massa katalis NaOH yang digunakan adalah 5% dari berat minyak sawit. Reaktor dileng- kapi dengan kondensor refluks, pengaduk dan ter- mometer. Reaksi trasesterifikasi dilakukan selama 1 jam pada suhu 60 o C. Setelah reaksi selesai, produk reaksi didinginkan dan dipisahkan di dalam corong pisah sehingga terbentuk lapisan atas sebagai metil ester minyak sawit (MEMS) dan lapisan bawah sebagai gliserin. Produk MEMS diambil dan dine- tralkan dengan penambahan larutan HCl 4N sampai pH netral. MEMS kemudian dicuci dengan air panas untuk menghilangkan impurities yang terlarut dilan- jutkan dengan proses dekantasi untuk memisahkan MEMS dengan air pencuci. Untuk memisahkan air yang masih terikut dalam MES dilakukan penamba- han CaCl2 dan kemudian disaring sehingga dipero- leh MEMS yang bebas dari air.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 581,
"width": 108,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Prosedur Epoksidasi MES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 592,
"width": 202,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sebelum dilakukan reaksi epoksidasi terlebih dahulu MEMS dianalisis bilangan iodine awal untuk penentuan konversi reaksi epoksidasi. Reaksi epok- sidasi MEMS dilakukan di dalam reaktor yang ter- buat dari labu leher tiga dengan cara memasukkan MEMS ke dalam labu leher tiga dan dilanjutkan dengan penambahan asam asetat sesuai dengan de- sain percobaan. Menambahkan H 2 O 2 ke dalam reak- tor dengan rasio MEMS:H 2 O 2 sebesar 1:2 secara perlahan-lahan dan katalis H 2 SO 4 sebesar 2% dari total berat asam asetat dan H 2 O 2. Melakukan reaksi epoksidasi selama 4 jam pada suhu yang telah diten-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 82,
"width": 202,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "tukan berdasarkan rancangan percobaan yang sudah dibuat. Campuran produk reaksi dipisahkan di dalam corong pisah untuk memisahkan fase organik dan fase terlarut air. Fase organik yang sudah terpisah dicuci dengan air panas sampai cairan pencuci ne- tral. Fase organik diperoleh merupakan metil ester minyak sawit terepoksidasi (MEMST) dan dianalisis bilangan iodine akhir serta bilangan oxirane.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 180,
"width": 126,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 201,
"width": 202,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Analisis Statistik Model polynomial orde dua digunakan untuk meng- gambarkan data percobaan yang diperoleh pada persamaan berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 255,
"width": 188,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2 2 0 1 1 2 2 11 1 22 2 12 1 2 y X X X X X X β β β β β β = + + + + +",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 273,
"width": 202,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dimana Yi (i = 1–2) adalah hasil response yang diamati, β 0 adalah konstanta, β 1 dan β 2 adalah koefi- sien linier, β 11 dan β 22 adalah koefisien kuadrat, dan β 12 adalah koefisien interaksi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 316,
"width": 202,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Optimasi dilakukan dengan mempelajari pe- ngaruh suhu reaksi dan rasio mol MEMS/CH3- COOH terhadap hasil response yang diperoleh yaitu konversi reaksi dan bilangan oxirane. Suhu reaksi dan rasio mol MEMS/CH 3 COOH diwakili dengan kode X 1 dan X 2 , sedangkan untuk hasil response yaitu konversi reaksi dan bilangan oxirane masing- ma- sing diwakili oleh kode Y 1 dan Y 2 . Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan program Microsoft Excel dan visualisasi menggunakan Mat- lab.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 435,
"width": 202,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil analisis response surface pada pengaruh suhu reaksi epoksidasi (Gamabr 1), (X 1 ) dan rasio mol MEMS/CH 3 COOH (X 2 ) terhadap konversi reaksi (Y1) dan dinyatakan sebagai persamaan Y 1 = 95,5270+13,8980+3,4984X 2 -12,4551X 12 -0,9995X 22",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 489,
"width": 203,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "-5,4281X 1 X 2 . Nilai R2 dan signifikan F untuk persamaan ini masing-masing adalah 0,95 dan 0,00021 sehingga menunjukkan korelasi yang bagus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konversi reaksi epoksidasi meningkat dengan bertambahnya rasio mol MEMS/CH 3 COOH. Hal ini disebabkan karena asam asetat berperan sebagai molekul pembawa oksigen (Srikanta dkk, 2008) sehingga dengan semakin bertambahnya konsentrasi asam asetat maka laju pemutusan ikatan rangkap akan semakin cepat karena jumlah oksigen yang dibawa juga semakin besar. Sedangkan suhu reaksi berperan dalam peningkatan kecepatan reaksi dan difusifitas. Peningkatan laju reaksi dapat dilihat dari persamaan Arrhenius (Levenspiel, 1999):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 652,
"width": 44,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "0 E RT k k e − =",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 677,
"width": 202,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari persamaan Arrhenius di atas dapat dijelaskan apabila nilai suhu reaksi dinaikkan, maka laju reaksi akan semakin meningkat karena semakin besar nilai k. Hasil yang sama diperoleh pada penelitian yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 36,
"width": 234,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "772 Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol.6, No.1, September 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 82,
"width": 202,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dilakukan oleh Chuansang dkk (2007) yaitu laju reaksi meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu reaksi epoksidasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 252,
"width": 202,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gambar 1. Pengaruh suhu (X 1 ) dan rasio mol (X 2 ) terhadap konversi reaksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 399,
"width": 224,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gambar 2. Pengaruh suhu (X 1 ) dan rasio mol (X 2 ) terhadap bilangan oxirane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 562,
"width": 169,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gambar 3.Reaksi pembukaan cincin oxirane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 584,
"width": 203,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil analisis response surface untuk pengaruh suhu reaksi (X 1 ) dan rasio mol MEMS/CH3COOH (X 2 ) terhadap bilangan oxirane dan diwakili oleh persamaan Y 2 = 2,5365 - 0,6105X 1 - 0,1869X 2 - 0,6273X 12 - 0,0806X 22 -0,2172X 1 X 2 . Nilai R2 dan signifikan F untuk persamaan ini masing-masing adalah 0,91 dan 0,00178 sehingga menunjukkan korelasi yang bagus dan signifikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan gugus oxirane (bi- langan oxirane) meningkat dengan bertambahnya suhu reaksi dan rasio mol MES/CH 3 COOH kemu- dian mencapai titik maksimum dan monoton turun. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena setelah mencapai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 82,
"width": 205,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "titik maksimum terdapat kemungkinan adanya reaksi antara gugus oxirane dengan reaktan (asam perasetat dan hi-drogen peroksida) yang mengakibatkan kandungan oxirane yang telah terbentuk menjadi berkurang (Petrovic dkk, 2002). Kemungkinan reaksi samping yang terjadi pada reaksi epoksidasi dapat ditunjuk- kan seperti pada Gambar 3. Gugus oxirane memiliki tingkat reaktifitas yang tinggi dan cincin oxirane mudah terbuka baik dalam suasana asam ataupun basa (Yahdiana, 2011). Oleh karena itu, produk samping dari reaksi pembukaan gugus oxirane me- miliki banyak produk samping.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 222,
"width": 202,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel operasi penelitian yang memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kandungan gugus oxirane adalah suhu reaksi yaitu bilangan oxirane merupakan fungsi kuadrat dari suhu reaksi epoksida- si. Terlihat bahwa kurva (Gambar 2) untuk pengaruh suhu reaksi lebih curam apabila dibandingkan de- ngan rasio mol MEMS/CH3COOH.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 298,
"width": 203,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kondisi optimal pada reaksi epoksidasi metil ester minyak sawit digunakan parameter bilangan oxirane yang tertinggi dengan cara melakukan par- sial derivatif terhadap persamaan bilangan oxirane (Y2) yaitu diturunkan terhadap X 1 dan X 2 sehingga didapat titik optimal terletak pada kode X 1 = -0,3729 dan X 2 = -0,6570. Nilai kode X 1 dan X 2 perlu diubah kembali ke nilai aktual untuk mengetahui kondisi operasi sebenarnya pada reaksi epoksidasi sehingga diperoleh kondisi reaksi yang optimum pada reaksi epoksidasi MEMS adalah suhu reaksi 56,3 o C dan rasio mol MEMS terhadap asam asetat sebesar 1:0,43.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 450,
"width": 52,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 475,
"width": 202,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Minyak epoksida dapat disintesa dari metil ester minyak sawit (MEMS) melalui reaksi epoksi- dasi. Konversi reaksi epoksidasi meningkat dengan bertambahnya rasio mol EMS/CH 3 COOH dan suhu reaksi. Suhu reaksi memberikan pengaruh yang lebih signifikan terhadap konversi reaksi epoksidasi. Bilangan oxirane meningkat dengan bertambahnya suhu reaksi dan rasio mol EMS/CH 3 COOH sebelum mencapai titik maksimum dan kemudian monoton turun. Kondisi optimum pada reaksi epoksidasi MEMS adalah rasio mol MEMS-/CH 3 COOH = 1 :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 592,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "0,43 dan suhu reaksi 56,3 o C.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 375,
"top": 616,
"width": 91,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 637,
"width": 203,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Chuanshang C, Honghai D, Rongsheng C. (2007). “Studies on the kinetics of in situ epoxidation of vegetable oils”. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technology 110, 341-346.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 702,
"width": 200,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Frank GD. (2002). “Vegetable Oils in Food Tech- nology”. Blackwell Publishing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol.5, No.2, September 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 503,
"top": 36,
"width": 16,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "773",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 82,
"width": 203,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jon VG. (2005). “Biodiesel processing and produc- tion.”. Fuel Processing Technology 86, 1097- 1107. Levenspiel O. (1999). “Chemical Reaction Engi- neering”. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Petrovic ZS, Zlatanic A, Lava CC, & Sinadinovic- Fiser S. (2002). “Epoxidation of soybean oil in toluene with peroxoacetic and peroxoformic ac- ids–kinetics and side reactions”. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 104, 293-299.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 201,
"width": 202,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Purwanto E, Fatmawati A, Setyopratomo P, Junedi,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 212,
"width": 184,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "& Rosmiati M. (2006). “Influence of epoxida- tion reaction period and temperature on the quality of polyol synthesized from soybean oil”. Proceedings of the 13th Regional Symposium on Chemical Engineering 2006 Avanced in Chemical Engineering and Biomolecular Engi- neering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, pp. 277-279.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 676,
"width": 202,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Rubeena M, Narayan CP, Vaibhav VG, & Ajay KD, (2008). “Epoxidation of canola oil with hydro- gen peroxide catalyzed by acidic ion exchange",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 82,
"width": 203,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "resin”. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 85, 887-896. Srikanta D, Anand VP, Vaibhav VG, Narayan CP. (2008). “Epoxidation of cottonseed oil by aqueous hydrogen peroxide catalysed by liquid inorganic acids”. Bioresource Technology 99, 3737-3744.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 158,
"width": 202,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Syawaluddin N. (2009). “Pembuatan senyawa epok- si dari metil ester asam lemak sawit destilat menggunakan katalis amberlite”. MT, Thesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 201,
"width": 202,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Yahdiana H. (2011). “Eter dan Epoksida”. Tersedia http://staff.ui.ac.id/internal/131882471/material /Eter.pdf.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 36,
"width": 234,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "774 Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol.6, No.1, September 2011",
"type": "Page header"
}
] |
9b72414f-d9fc-0781-46a2-58863a0c7ea1 | https://e-journal.politanisamarinda.ac.id/index.php/tanesa/article/download/1167/394 | [
{
"left": 115,
"top": 38,
"width": 366,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 1 (Juni 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i1.1167 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 62,
"width": 261,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 794,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "– 217 –",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 97,
"width": 474,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Aplikasi Pencatatan Absensi dan Kegiatan Pegawai Aru PT Jasa Raharja Jawa Tengah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 192,
"width": 79,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelino Iskandar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 203,
"width": 138,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik Informatika, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang 50131 [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 192,
"width": 81,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Etika Kartikadarma",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 230,
"top": 203,
"width": 138,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik Informatika, Universitas Dian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 233,
"top": 213,
"width": 132,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nuswantoro Semarang 50131 [email protected]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 192,
"width": 68,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yani Parti Astuti",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 397,
"top": 203,
"width": 138,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik Informatika, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang 50131 [email protected]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 254,
"width": 92,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Egia Rosi Subhiyakto *",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 265,
"width": 247,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik Informatika, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang 50131",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 275,
"width": 285,
"height": 376,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[email protected] * Corresponding author Abstrak — PT Jasa Raharja (Pesero) merupakan perusahaan asuransi BUMN di Indonesia yang bertugas untuk dapat memberikan layanan santunan dan perlindungan sosial bagi masyarakat khususnya untuk korban kecelakaan lalu lintas yang terjadi di Indonesia. Berdampingan dengan PT Jasa Raharja bekerja, PT ARU Raharja didirikan dengan tujuan untuk dapat membantu pekerjaan keseharian non-formal pegawai Jasa Raharja. Pegawai ARU Raharja terdiri dari satpam, sopir, dan juru layan. Pada kantor cabang PT Jasa Raharja Jawa Tengah, pegawai ARU tidak memiliki sistem pencatatan absensi dan kegiatan yang berbasiskan teknologi. Penilaian kinerja pegawai ARU masih sulit dikarenakan pencatatan masih mengandalkan pencatatan secara manual. Melalui penelitian ini dikembangkan aplikasi yang akan digunakan oleh pegawai ARU di kantor cabang PT Jasa Raharja Jawa Tengah untuk dapat melakukan pencatatan absensi dan kegiatan saat bekerja. Aplikasi akan mengimplementasikan QR Code dan GeoFencing sebagai teknik pembatasan wilayah akses aplikasi. Diajukan metode pengembangan aplikasi berupa Rapid Application Development (RAD) yang dapat membantu pengembangan aplikasi dengan perencanaan awal yang minim dan waktu pengerjaan yang singkat. Analisis dan perancangan menggunakan metode berorientasi objek dengan menggunakan diagram use case dan diagram aktivitas. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian black box didapatkan bahwa fungsionalitas aplikasi sudah sesuai. Sedangkan dari hasil pengujian white box menggunakan basis path testing sudah berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 663,
"width": 234,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci — Aplikasi Absensi, Android, QR Code, GeoFencing, RAD, ARU",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 700,
"width": 80,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. P ENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 717,
"width": 238,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PT Jasa Raharja (Persero) merupakan perusahaan asuransi BUMN di Indonesia yang bertugas untuk dapat memberikan layanan santunan dan perlindungan sosial bagi masyarakat terkhususnya untuk korban kecelakaan lalu lintas yang terjadi di Indonesia. Beralamatkan di Jalan Sultan Agung 100 Semarang, kantor cabang PT",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 308,
"width": 235,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jasa Raharja di Jawa Tengah hadir untuk melayani masyarakat Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Berdampingan dengan PT Jasa Raharja bekerja, PT ARU Raharja didirikan dengan tujuan membantu pekerjaan keseharian non- formal pegawai Jasa Raharja seperti menjaga kantor, membersihan kantor, dan mengantar pegawai dalam perjalanan dinas. Pegawai ARU Raharja terdiri dari satpam, supir, dan juru layan. Seperti halnya pegawai PT Jasa Raharja, pegawai ARU Raharja juga diminta untuk dapat mentaati peraturan perusahaan PT Jasa Raharja seperti dalam hal kerapian, kesopanan, dan ketepatan waktu bekerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 446,
"width": 235,
"height": 262,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pegawai ARU di kantor cabang Jawa Tengah pernah menggunakan teknologi fingerprint untuk melakukan pencatatan absensi namun penggunaan teknologi ini telah ditinggalkan oleh penanggungjawab oleh karena adanya permasalahan dalam pemeliharaan dan penggunaan teknologi yang sulit dan memerlukan biaya yang lebih. Pencatatan absensi pegawai ARU sekarang ini kembali menggunakan pencatatan konvensional dengan pegawai mengisi daftar hadir secara manual yang disediakan oleh penanggungjawab setiap harinya. Pencatatan absensi secara konvensional ini juga masih mengalami permasalahan dalam kecurangan dan kesulitan menilai kinerja pegawai ARU dalam bekerja. Beberapa jenis sistem absensi pegawai yang telah ada seperti id card, fingerprint, dan logbook masih mengalami beberapa permasalahan. Permasalahan ini mencakup biaya pemeliharaan dan penggunaan perangkat tambahan yang digunakan. Tidak terlepas dari itu juga masalah otentifikasi dari inputan data absensi yang masih dapat dimanipulasi dengan melakukan duplikasi akses. Sistem absensi pegawai menggunakan aplikasi mobile hadir untuk menggantikan teknologi diatas dengan cara mengurangi biaya pemeliharaan dan penggunaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 711,
"width": 235,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian terkait yang sudah pernah dilakukan diantaranya adalah oleh (Irawan, 2018) membahas permasalahan absensi TI UIN Syarif Hidayatullah yang masih menggunakan sistem manual. Pencatatan absensi dengan menggunakan sistem manual menimbulkan ketidaksesuaian jumlah data hadir mahasiswa dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 38,
"width": 366,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 1 (Juni 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i1.1167 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 62,
"width": 261,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 794,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "– 218 –",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 235,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mahasiswa yang hadir di kelas. Sebagai solusi atas permasalahan ini, Januar Irawan mengembangkan aplikasi Android untuk pencatatan absensi dengan menggunakan QR Code dan geofencing sebagai keamanan autentifikasi data hadir. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah dikembangkannya sistem absensi dengan keamanan data dan sistem absensi yang paperless.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 168,
"width": 235,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di sisi lain penelitian yang dilakukan (Himyar dkk., 2021) yang mengembangkan aplikasi pencatatan absensi di PT Selindo Alpha dengan memanfaatkan QR Code dan Location Based Services (LBS) menghasilkan aplikasi yang dapat mempermudahkan proses pengelolaan data dan penilaian kinerja pegawai oleh penangunggjawab. Penelitian serupa juga dilakukan oleh (Sikumbang dkk., 2020) dengan mengembangkan aplikasi berbasis Android untuk absensi pegawai di Pusat Statistik Bandung. Penelitian tersebut menghasilkan aplikasi yang memanfaatkan QR Code dan LBS guna membantu administrasi memantau dan merekapitulisasi absensi dari pegawai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 317,
"width": 235,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan aplikasi sekarang ini telah mengambil peran besar dalam mempermudah kehidupan keseharian manusia (Talip & Zulkifli, 2018). Aplikasi mudah untuk didapat dan mudah untuk digunakan. Keunggulan yang dimiliki ponsel cerdas dibandingkan dengan ponsel biasa adalah jatuh kepada aplikasi yang dibawakan oleh ponsel cerdas. Mobile application atau aplikasi mobile adalah serangkaian set program yang berjalan pada ponsel cerdas yang bertujuan untuk dapat menyelesaikan suatu tugas spesifik milik pengguna (Navin dkk., 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 432,
"width": 235,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian melalui penelitian ini dikembangkan aplikasi berbasis Android pencatatan absensi dan kegiatan pegawai ARU di kantor cabang PT Jasa Raharja Jawa Tengah dengan memanfaatkan QR Code dan geofencing guna meningkatkan dan memonitoring kinerja pegawai ARU saat bekerja. QR Code merupakan singkatan dari Quick Response Code. QR Code terbentuk dari dua dimensi barcode dengan menyisipkan informasi teks yang dapat dibaca melalui QR Code Scanner (Parabhoi dkk., 2017). Sedangkan Geofencing merupakan batas virtual pada suatu area geografis sesungguhnya. Sebuah contoh untuk geofencing adalah seperti pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 87,
"width": 235,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "batas virtual radius yang mengitari sebuah titik pada peta. Penelitian mengenai geofencing bisanya terkait dengan IoT (Pešić dkk., 2019), (Amudha dkk., 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 122,
"width": 235,
"height": 296,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terkait dengan penelitian QR Code lain diantaranya adalah penelitian (Puput dkk., 2019) mengambil permasalahan pada asisten praktikum Unversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta yang masih menggunakan tanda tangan pada kertas sebagai tanda kehadiran absensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat memberikan alternatif kepada asisten praktikum dengan dikembangkan website yang dapat mengenali pola QR Code yang digunakan untuk kehadiran absensi. QR Code akan disematkan pada kartu asisten praktikum dan dapat digunakan assisten praktikum melakukan absensi pada webcam yang telah disediakan pada komputer laboran. Persamaan penelitian ini dengan penelitian yang dilakukan penulis adalah penggunakan QR Code. Tetapi perbedaan dalam penggunaan QR Code pada penelitian ini digunakan sebagai medium bukan tempat akses untuk melakukan absensi. Dalam penelitian (Yan & Lu, 2018) melakukan penelitian mengenai penerapan QR Code untuk pengamanan pengelolaan medis. Sedangkan (Hermanto dkk., 2018) melakukan penerapan QR Code ditambahkan dengan imei untuk system absensi bagi siswa baik berbasis android maupun website. Penelitian yang terkait dengan metode RAD ( Rapid Application Development ) diantaranya dilakukan oleh beberapa peneliti yakni (Budiman dkk., 2018), (Subhiyakto & Astuti, 2019), (Nurhaida dkk., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 389,
"top": 432,
"width": 67,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. METODOLOGI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 456,
"width": 146,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Metode Pengembangan Aplikasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 471,
"width": 236,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan aplikasi akan menggunakan metode pengembangan Rapid Application Development (RAD). Gambar 1 menunjukkan metode pengembangan RAD, RAD merupakan salah satu metode pengembangan aplikasi yang bertujuan membantu pengembangan aplikasi yang memiliki perancangan awal yang minim (Naz & Khan, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 732,
"width": 172,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Rapid application development",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 754,
"width": 235,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemilihan penggunaan metode RAD didasari oleh beberapa alasan yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 317,
"top": 754,
"width": 224,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pengembangan aplikasi yang ditargetkan untuk dapat selesai dalam waktu yang singkat.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 38,
"width": 366,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 1 (Juni 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i1.1167 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 62,
"width": 261,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 794,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "– 219 –",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 87,
"width": 224,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Minimnya perancangan awal oleh karena kurangnya pemaparan awal dari penanggungjawab.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 110,
"width": 224,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Melihat pegawai ARU yang belum terbiasa dengan penggunaan aplikasi dalam bekerja sehingga memerlukan waktu untuk penyesuaian.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 145,
"width": 224,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Permintaan dari penanggungjawab pegawai ARU untuk aplikasi dapat menerima fitur-fitur tambahan baru yang dapat terpikirkan kedepan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 191,
"width": 235,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Guna dapat mengembangkan aplikasi yang dapat diterima dengan nyaman oleh pegawai ARU maka aplikasi akan dikembangkan secara interaktif bersama pegawai ARU menggunakan metode pengembangan RAD. Berikut pemaparan dari setiap tahapan RAD yang dilakukan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 260,
"width": 133,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Requirements planning phase",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 271,
"width": 235,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RAD dimulai dengan melakukan pembahasan bersama penanggungjawab menentukan masalah dan kebutuhan dari pengembangan aplikasi ini. Sebagai pengumpulan data kebutuhan tambahan dilakukan peninjauan literatur dan observasi mengenai pegawai ARU saat bekerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 329,
"width": 88,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. User design phase",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 340,
"width": 235,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahap ini dibuat desain perancangan aplikasi berdasarkan hasil perumusan masalah dan kebutuhan yang didapat pada tahap sebelumnya. Analisa kebutuhan aplikasi akan diterjemahkan menjadi desain pemodelan Unifield Modeling Language (UML) dengan menggunakan Use Case Diagram dan Activity Diagram (Utama & Supriana, 2019). Beberapa pendekatan yang berbeda dalam pemodelan use case diagram dilakukan dalam penelitian (Fauzan dkk., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 444,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Construction phase",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 455,
"width": 235,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implementasi pengembangan aplikasi akan melalui proses koding menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Dart dan framework Flutter dengan memanfaatkan Firebase sebagai tempat penyimpanan data (Khawas & Shah, 2018). Pengembangan aplikasi dilakukan secara iteratif mengembangkan desain yang telah dibuat dan akan menghasilkan prototipe yang dapat digunakan secara langsung oleh pegawai ARU. Pada setiap iterasi, feedback atau masukan dari pegawai ARU sangatlah diharapkan untuk dapat menilai keberhasilan dari desain dan menentukan pembenahan yang perlu dilakukan pada iterasi selanjutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 593,
"width": 75,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Cut over phase",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 604,
"width": 235,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap cutover akan menguji aplikasi melalui serangkaian set pengujian yang akan dilakukan oleh pengembang. Melalui tahapan ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan aplikasi final yang dapat digunakan seterusnya oleh pegawai ARU.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 679,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Metode Pengujian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 694,
"width": 235,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan pengujian black box testing dan white box testing. Pengujian black box merupakan pengujian terhadap kegunaan fitur dari aplikasi. Pengujian black box menguji masukan dan keluaran dari aplikasi tanpa mengetahui internal dari aplikasi (Supendi dkk., 2019). Pengujian white box akan menggunakan teknik basis path testing pada salah satu fungsi yang ada pada aplikasi. Basis path testing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 87,
"width": 235,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "merupakan teknik yang digunakan dalam pengujian white box yang memungkinkan membuat rangkaian pengujian testcase terhadap pengukuran kompleksitas fungsi dan pendefinisian alur eksekusi (Subagia dkk., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 369,
"top": 145,
"width": 118,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. H ASIL DAN P EMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 162,
"width": 158,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Analisis dan Perancangan Aplikasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 177,
"width": 235,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam tahapan analisis dan perancangan aplikasi akan memanfaatkan Use Case Diagram dan Activity Diagram mengenai aplikasi pencatatan absensi dan kegiatan pegawai ARU serta rancangan lingkungan implementasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 234,
"width": 171,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Perancangan lingkungan implementasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 246,
"width": 235,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam pengembangan aplikasi pencatatan absensi dan kegiatan pegawai ARU dipakai spesifikasi perancangan lingkungan implementasi yang ditunjukkan dalam tabel 1 meliputi sistem operasi, database, IDE, framework, dan bahasa pemrograman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 315,
"width": 191,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel. 1. Lingkungan Implementasi Aplikasi Kriteria Spesifikasi Sistem Operasi Windows 10 Database Firebase Firestore IDE Visual Studio Code Framework Flutter Bahasa Pemrograman Dart",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 394,
"width": 87,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Use Case Diagram",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 406,
"width": 235,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diagram use case akan menggambarkan interaksi tindakan aktor atau pengguna terhadap aplikasi. Diagram use case untuk aplikasi pencatatan absensi dan kegiatan pegawai ARU ditunjukan pada gambar 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 363,
"top": 708,
"width": 122,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Use Case Diagram",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 38,
"width": 366,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 1 (Juni 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i1.1167 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 62,
"width": 261,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 794,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "– 220 –",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 86,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Activity Diagram",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 99,
"width": 235,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diagram aktivitas akan menggambarkan urutan aktivitas dari awal hingga akhir aplikasi dijalankan. Diagram aktivitas mendeskripsikan aktivitas yang dilakukan pengguna dari awal penggunaan aplikasi hingga akhir menutup aplikasi. Gambar 3 merupakan urutan rancangan aliran diagram aktivitas pada aplikasi pencatatan absensi dan kegiatan pegawai ARU.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 522,
"width": 115,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Activity diagram",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 548,
"width": 77,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Implementasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 560,
"width": 235,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah melalui tahapan analisis dan perancangan aplikasi, dilakukan implementasi pengembangan aplikasi melalui proses koding. Berikut adalah hasil dari tampilan dan deskripsi setiap fitur yang ada pada aplikasi pencatatan absensi dan kegiatan pegawai ARU:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 629,
"width": 117,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Fitur pencatatan absensi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 640,
"width": 235,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4 menunjukkan fitur pencatatan absensi akan melakukan pencatatan absensi masuk dan absensi pulang pegawai ARU saat bekerja. Dengan mengetuk tombol pertama yang ada di halaman utama yaitu tombol absen masuk atau absen keluar, pegawai ARU dapat memulai proses pencatatan absensi. Tombol absen akan mengarahkan pengguna ke halaman scan QR Code dengan menampilkan secara langsung kamera belakang dari perangkat pengguna. Pengguna melakukan scan salah satu QR Code yang tersebar di setiap lantai kantor. Setelah pengguna berhasil melakukan scan QR Code dan QR Code merupakan QR Code yang valid terdaftar pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 87,
"width": 236,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "database maka dilakukan pengecekan lokasi oleh aplikasi melalui teknik geofencing sebagai bentuk keamanan tambahan untuk menghindari kecurangan pada proses absensi. Geofencing akan membandingkan jarak lokasi perangkat pengguna terhadap jarak radius 500m dari kantor cabang PT Jasa Raharja Jawa Tengah. Jika lokasi dari perangkat pengguna dinyatakan valid maka secara otomatis aplikasi akan mencatat absensi dari pegawai ARU.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 592,
"width": 147,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Fitur Pencatatan Absensi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 614,
"width": 122,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Fitur pencatatan kegiatan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 625,
"width": 236,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5 menunjukkan fitur pencatatan kegiatan hanya akan terbuka jika pegawai ARU telah melakukan absensi masuk dan akan kembali tertutup jika pegawai ARU selesai melakukan absensi pulang. Untuk melakukan pencatatan kegiatan pengguna perlu mengetuk tombol kamera. Tombol kamera akan mengarahkan pengguna kembali ke halaman scan QR Code . Berbeda dengan fitur pencatatan absensi, tidak semua QR Code dapat diakses oleh pengguna melainkan hanya QR Code yang disesuaikan dengan lantai penempatan pengguna bekerja. Pembatasan akses QR Code ini dilakukan dengan maksud untuk pegawai lain atau penanggungjawab dapat melihat pengguna bekerja dan melakukan pencatatan. Setelah pengguna berhasil melakukan scan QR Code",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 38,
"width": 366,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 1 (Juni 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i1.1167 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 62,
"width": 261,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 794,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "– 221 –",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 235,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "maka akan muncul list kegiatan yang dapat pengguna pilih sesuai dengan kegiatan yang dilakukan. Pencatatan kegiatan dapat juga diisi secara manual dengan menekan tombol manual dan mengisi pop up form kegiatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 543,
"width": 154,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar. 5. Fitur Pencatatan Kegiatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 566,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Fitur tambahan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 577,
"width": 235,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terdapat fitur-fitur tambahan berupa perincian dari kegiatan setiap pegawai ARU saat bekerja di kantor. Fitur-fitur ini akan disesuaikan dengan jenis pekerjaan dari setiap pegawai ARU seperti pencatatan surat masuk kantor oleh satpam, penilaian kebersihan ruangan oleh juru layan, dan kontrol kendaraan kantor oleh supir. Fitur-fitur ini hanya akan terbuka jika pegawai ARU telah melakukan absensi masuk dan kembali tertutup setelah pegawai ARU selesai melakukan absensi pulang. Gambar 6 menunjukkan fitur tambahan yakni konfirmasi surat masuk, sedangkan gambar 7 menunjukkan rekap penilaian kebersihan setiap lantai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 363,
"top": 405,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar. 6. Fitur Tambahan 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 363,
"top": 753,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar. 7. Fitur Tambahan 2",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 38,
"width": 366,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 1 (Juni 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i1.1167 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 62,
"width": 261,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 794,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "– 222 –",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 88,
"width": 71,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C . Evaluasi Hasil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 100,
"width": 235,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Evaluasi hasil dilakukan sesuai dengan metode yang telah diajukan sebelumnya. Evaluasi hasil aplikasi pencatatan absensi dan kegiatan pegawai ARU diuji menggunakan pengujian black box dan pengujian white box . Beberapa teknik pengujian dijelaskan dalam penelitian (Subhiyakto & Utomo, 2016). Berikut perincian dari setiap pengujian yang dilakukan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 87,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Black box testing",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 99,
"width": 212,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian black box akan menguji setiap fitur yang ada pada aplikasi. Pengujian akan menguji fitur pencatatan absensi, fitur pencatatan kegiatan, dan fitur-fitur tambahan yang ada. Tabel 2 menunjukkan uraian hasil dari pengujian black box .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 192,
"width": 473,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel. 2. Pengujian Black Box No Pengujian Langkah Pengujian Hasil yang Diharapkan Hasil Pengujian 1 Fitur pencatatan absensi 1. Login 2. Menekan tombol absen masuk 3. Melakukan scan QR Code di kantor Absensi berhasil tercatat oleh aplikasi Absensi berhasil tercatat oleh aplikasi 2 Fitur pencatatan kegiatan 1. Login 2. Menekan tombol kamera 3. Melakukan scan QR Code di kantor 4. Memilih kegiatan Kegiatan berhasil tercatat oleh aplikasi Kegiatan berhasil tercatat oleh aplikasi 3 Fitur pencatatan surat masuk oleh satpam 1. Login menggunakan akun satpam 2. Menekan tombol surat masuk 3. Melakukan pencatatan surat masuk dengan menekan tombol tambah dan mengisi pop up form Surat masuk tercatat oleh aplikasi Surat masuk tercatat oleh aplikasi 4 Fitur penilaian kebersiha n ruangan oleh juru layan 1. Login menggunakan akun juru layan 2. Menekan tombol kebersihan 3. Melakukan penilaian kebersihan dengan mengisi form Penilaian setiap ruangan di lantai 2 berhasil tercatat oleh aplikasi Penilaian setiap ruangan di lantai 2 berhasil tercatat oleh aplikasi 5 Fitur kontrol kendaraan kantor oleh supir 1. Login menggunakan akun supir 2. Menekan tombol cek mobil 3. Melakukan kontrol kendaraan dengan mengetuk list item kendaraan dan mengisi pop up form Penilaian kendaraan berhasil tercatat oleh aplikasi Penilaian kendaraan berhasil tercatat oleh aplikasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 518,
"width": 235,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. White Box Testing Pengujian white box akan menguji fungsi dari fitur terkompleks yang ada di aplikasi. Pengujian white box akan menguji fungsi pencatatan absensi masuk. Gambar 8 adalah sourcecode dari fungsi pencatatan absensi masuk yang dibuat menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Dart.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 762,
"width": 166,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar. 8. Source Code Absensi Masuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 522,
"width": 235,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9 menunjukkan flowchart absensi masuk yang dimulai dengan melakukan scan QR Code, jika berhasil maka akan masuk ke databse firebase , jika QR ditemukan maka akan menampilkan lokasi dari device dan melakukan set lokasi kantor, kemudian menghitung jarak. Apabila jaral lebih dari 500 meter maka absensi dikatakan sah dan valid kemudian masuk ke dalam database. Kemudian akan muncul notifikasi absensi berhasil. Gambar 10 menunjukkan flowgraph absensi masuk yang merupakan hasil transformasi dari flowchart. Flowgraph yang dibuat ditujukkan untuk digunakan dalam pengujian whitebox.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 38,
"width": 366,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 1 (Juni 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i1.1167 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 62,
"width": 261,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 794,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "– 223 –",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 293,
"width": 155,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar. 9. Flowchart Absensi Masuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 546,
"width": 162,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar. 10. Flowgraph Absensi Masuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 569,
"width": 231,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diketahui pada flowgraph terdapat 15 nodes dan 17 edges . Dengan diketahuinya nodes dan edges dari flowgraph maka dapat dihitung independent path yang ada pada fungsi absensi melalui perhitungan cyclomatic complexity sebagai berikut, dengan keterangan E adalah jumlah edge, N adalah jumlah node:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 272,
"top": 650,
"width": 14,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(1)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 673,
"width": 105,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan (1) : V(G) : kompleksitas jalur E : jumlah edge/ garis N : jumlah node/ titik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 730,
"width": 230,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didapat fungsi absensi masuk memiliki 4 jalur independen dengan masing-masing jalur adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 569,
"width": 228,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Path 1 = 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 11 – 15 ( If (3)(5)(9) = true ) Path 2 = 1 – 2 – 3 – 14 – 15 ( If (3) = false ) Path 3 = 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 13 – 15 ( If (3) = true ; (5) = false ) Path 4 = 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 12 – 15 ( If (3)(5) = true ; (9) = false )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 661,
"width": 231,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3 menunjukkan pengujian white box basis path akan melakukan mengujian dengan menggunakan skenario testcase pada setiap jalur yang ditemukan. Berikut skenario testcase yang digunakan untuk menguji setiap jalur yang ditemukan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 38,
"width": 366,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 1 (Juni 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i1.1167 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 62,
"width": 261,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 794,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "– 224 –",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 87,
"width": 444,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel. 3. Pengujian White Box Jalur Skenario Hasil yang diharapkan Hasil pengujian Keterangan Path 1 Melakukan pengescanan QR Code di lobby kantor dengan QR Code yang valid dan terdaftar pada database. Absensi masuk tercatat ke database dan memunculkan notifikasi pesan absen masuk berhasil. Absensi masuk tercatat ke database dan memunculkan notifikasi pesan absen masuk berhasil.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 480,
"top": 116,
"width": 23,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sesuai",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 153,
"width": 184,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Path 2 Melakukan pengescanan QR Code di lobby kantor tetapi sebelum scan berhasil dilakukan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 153,
"width": 402,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menekan tombol batal atau kembali pada perangkat. notifikasi pesan pengescanan dibatalkan. notifikasi pesan pengescanan dibatalkan. Sesuai",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 196,
"width": 428,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Path 3 Melakukan pengescanan QR Code di lobby kantor dengan QR Code yang tidak valid dan tidak terdaftar pada database. Menampilkan notifikasi pesan QR Code tidak valid. Menampilkan notifikasi pesan QR Code tidak valid. Sesuai Path 4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 223,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melakukan pengescanan QR Code di luar kantor yang berjarak lebih dari 500m dengan QR Code yang valid dan terdaftar di database. Menampilkan notifikasi pesan lokasi tidak valid. Menampilkan notifikasi pesan lokasi tidak valid. Sesuai",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 265,
"width": 68,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IV. K ESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 288,
"width": 235,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan pengembangan aplikasi pencatatan absensi dan kegiatan pegawai ARU maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Aplikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan rancangan kebutuhan awal, telah diterima dan digunakan oleh pegawai ARU, mempermudah penanggungjawab melakukan monitoring kinerja pegawai ARU melalui pencatatan absensi dan kegiatan yang dilakukan, mengurangi atau menghilangkan tindak kecurangan yang dilakukan pegawai ARU terhadap data absensi yang ada, menghadirkan sistematis, komputerisasi, dan transparansi laporan kinerja bagi pegawai ARU, pendataan surat masuk ke kantor dapat menghindari terjadinya miskomunikasi antara atasan dengan pegawai ARU, kontrol ruangan dan kendaraan dapat membantu admin dan pegawai memantau kondisi terkini dari ruangan dan kendaraan yang ada di kantor. Penelitian selanjutnya adalah menambahkan fitur yang relevan seperti pelaporan secara realtime melalui aplikasi dan print pdf.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 526,
"width": 91,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 542,
"width": 235,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amudha, S., Sankar, S. S. R., Rajkumar, M. N., & Jain,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 553,
"width": 211,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. (2019). Enhancement of smart home automation system using secure geofence concept in IoT. AIP Conference Proceedings , 2112 (June). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5112221",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 599,
"width": 235,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budiman, Akbar, A., Irmayanti, A., & Prajaka, S. (2018). Application of Web-Based Activity Management Using the RAD Method. Proceedings - 2nd East",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 634,
"width": 211,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia Conference on Computer and Information Technology: Internet of Things for Industry, EIConCIT 2018 , 147–152.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 668,
"width": 199,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1109/EIConCIT.2018.8878649",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 680,
"width": 235,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fauzan, R., Siahaan, D., Rochimah, S., & Triandini, E.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 691,
"width": 235,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2021). A Different Approach on Automated Use Case Diagram Semantic Assessment. International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems , 14 (1), 496–505. https://doi.org/10.22266/IJIES2021.0228.46 Hermanto, N., Nurfaizah, Baihaqi, W. M., & Sarmini.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 760,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2018). Implementation of QR code and imei on android and web-based student presence systems.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 265,
"width": 211,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proceedings - 2018 3rd International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering, ICITISEE 2018 , 276– 280.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 311,
"width": 235,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITISEE.2018.8721009 Himyar, M., Mulya, M. F., & Siringo Ringo, J. H. (2021). Aplikasi Absensi Karyawan Berbasis Android Dengan Penerapan QR Code Disertai Foto Diri Dan Lokasi Sebagai Validasi Studi Kasus: PTSelindo Alpha. Jurnal SISKOM-KB (Sistem Komputer dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 380,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kecerdasan Buatan) , 4 (2), 64–74.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 392,
"width": 181,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.47970/siskom-kb.v4i2.186",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 403,
"width": 235,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Irawan, J. (2018). Penerapan Mahasiswa Berbasis Android Menggunakan Teknologi Qr Code Dan Geofence. Skripsi , xvi + 117 Halaman.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 438,
"width": 235,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khawas, C., & Shah, P. (2018). Application of Firebase in Android App Development-A Study.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 461,
"width": 212,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Computer Applications ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 472,
"width": 211,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "179 (46), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2018917200",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 495,
"width": 235,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Navin, K., Shanthini, A., & Mukesh Krishnan, M. B. (2018). A mobile based smart attendance system framework for tracking field personals using a novel QR code based technique. Proceedings of the",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 541,
"width": 211,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2017 International Conference On Smart Technology for Smart Nation, SmartTechCon 2017 ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 564,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1540–1543.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 576,
"width": 205,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartTechCon.2017.83586 23",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 599,
"width": 235,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Naz, R., & Khan, M. N. A. (2015). Rapid applications development techniques: A critical review.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 622,
"width": 211,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Software Engineering and its Applications , 9 (11), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijseia.2015.9.11.15",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 656,
"width": 235,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurhaida, I., Ayumi, V., Noprisson, H., Ratnasari, A., Utami, M., & Putra, E. D. (2020). Web Development Using WISDM and RAD. 2020",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 690,
"width": 211,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation, ICITSI 2020 -",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 714,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proceedings , 57–61.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 725,
"width": 235,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITSI50517.2020.9264939 Parabhoi, L., Bhattacharya, N., & Dhar, R. (2017). Use of QR Code in Library. Application of modern tools & technology in library services , 237–243.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 769,
"width": 235,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pešić, S., Radovanović, M., Tošić, M., Ivanović, M.,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 38,
"width": 366,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 1 (Juni 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i1.1167 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 62,
"width": 261,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 794,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "– 225 –",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 85,
"width": 211,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Iković, O., & Bošković, D. (2019). GEMAT - Internet of things solution for indoor security geofencing. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 133,
"width": 235,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3351556.3351558 Puput, D., Putri, M., & Supriyono, H. (2019). Rancang Bangun Sistem Presensi Berbasis QR Code Menggunakan Framework Codeigniter (Studi Kasus Kehadiran Asisten Praktikum) Development of QR Code-based Presence System Using Codeigniter Framework (Pratical Assistant’s Attendance Case Study). Jurnal INSYPRO (Information System and Processing) , 4 (1), 1–9. Sikumbang, M. A. R., Habibi, R., & Pane, S. F. (2020). Sistem Informasi Absensi Pegawai Menggunakan Metode RAD dan Metode LBS Pada Koordinat Absensi. Jurnal Media Informatika Budidarma ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 283,
"width": 235,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 (1), 59. https://doi.org/10.30865/mib.v4i1.1445 Subagia, R., Alit, R., & Akbar, F. A. (2020). Pengujian white box pada sistem informasi monitoring skripsi program studi informatika. Jurnal Informatika dan Sistem Informasi (JIFoSI) , 01 (2), 539–547.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 340,
"width": 235,
"height": 227,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Subhiyakto, E. R., & Astuti, Y. P. (2019). Design and development meeting schedule management application using the rad method. Proceeding - 2019 International Conference of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, ICAIIT 2019 , 60–64. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAIIT.2019.8834522 Subhiyakto, E. R., & Utomo, D. W. (2016). Software Testing Techniques and Strategies Use in Novice Software Teams. Jurnal Sistem Informasi . Supendi, Y., Supriadi, I., & Isto, A. A. W. (2019). Pemanfaatan Teknologi QR-Code Pada Sistem Presensi Mahasiswa Berbasis Mobile. Seminar Nasional APTIKOM (SEMNASTIK) , 550–558. http://publikasi.dinus.ac.id/index.php/semnastik/arti cle/view/2912 Talip, B. A., & Zulkifli, M. Z. (2018). Mobile Attendance System Using Qr Codes Technology. Journal of Computing Technologies and Creative Content , 3 (1),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 272,
"top": 558,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1–3.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 570,
"width": 235,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://jtec.org.my/index.php/JTeC/article/view/64/ Utama, I. P. Y., & Supriana, I. W. (2019). Sistem Informasi Management Absensi Pegawai CV. Avatar Solution. JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 616,
"width": 164,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komputer Udayana) , 7 (3),",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 616,
"width": 235,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "169. https://doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2019.v07.i03.p06 Yan, X., & Lu, Y. (2018). Applying QR Code to Secure Medical Management. Proceedings",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 650,
"width": 33,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "- 9th",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 662,
"width": 118,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Conference",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 662,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "on",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 662,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Information",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 673,
"width": 211,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Technology in Medicine and Education, ITME 2018 , 53–56. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITME.2018.00023",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
a64c7e86-da8a-71dd-8b20-bfdd81c1f337 | https://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JISIP/article/download/7192/5105 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 31,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 44,
"width": 178,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 8 No. 3 Juli 2024 e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 69,
"width": 386,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: 10.58258/jisip.v7i1.7192/http://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JISIP/index",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 791,
"width": 418,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1972 | Students’ Sports Behavior in the Kahayan River Basin, Palangka Raya City ( Yudo Harvianto )",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 105,
"width": 427,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Students’ Sports Behavior in the Kahayan River Basin, Palangka Raya City",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 151,
"width": 265,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yudo Harvianto 1 , Abdullah 2 , Iwan Noor Alamsyah 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 166,
"width": 352,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan Jasmani, Kesehatan dan Rekreasi, FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 192,
"width": 452,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Article Info Abstract Article history: Received: 4 July 2024 Publish: 16 July 2024 Sports are movement activities carried out by a person. Sports is an activity that is needed by a person to maintain physical fitness, so that these activities can be carried out optimally. Individuals who have carried out sports activities should be appreciated and made a matter of course, because if humans have done physical activities by exercising which is also accompanied by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, then later it will shape the body to be fit and not easily attacked by diseases that make the body healthy. The purpose of this study is to find out about Student Sports Behavior in the Kahayan River Basin, Palangka Raya City. This study uses a descriptive quantitative method. A total of 278 students living in the Kahayan River watershed were used as samples. The data collection technique in this study is a questionnaire in the form of indirect communication assisted by filling out through google forms. The conclusion obtained from this study is that every day students do sports activities with a minimum duration of 30 minutes in the afternoon. The purpose of students doing sports activities every day is to maintain a healthy body. In addition, there are also sports facilities around their homes, so parents or families always motivate them to do sports activities, especially around the house. At school, the majority of students have participated in extracurricular activities and like to watch sports matches. However, sometimes students are lazy to do sports activities due to insufficient time due to their individual busyness.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 266,
"width": 37,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords:",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 275,
"width": 451,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Behavior Sport Student River flow Kahayan This is an open access article under the Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi- BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 411,
"width": 91,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Corresponding Author: Yudo Harvianto, Universitas Palangka Raya Email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 449,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 463,
"width": 436,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sports are movement activities carried out by someone in their daily life. According to(Sulikan et al., 2020)Sport is an activity that is needed by a person to maintain physical fitness as a support for other activities, so that these activities can be carried out optimally. Meanwhile, according to Giriwijoyo in(Okta Prativi et al., 2013)Sport is a series of regular and planned physical movements, which a person has done consciously in order to improve the body's abilities. According to Hamdani in(Harvianto & Abeng, 2021)Sport is any activity that can motivate, develop and develop a person's physical fitness potential through various forms of activities such as games, competitions, contests and physical activities. According to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2022 concerning Sports, in Chapter V Article 17 concerning the scope of sports it is divided into three, namely educational sports, community sports and achievement sports. According to(Harvianto, 2020)that individuals who have carried out sports activities should be appreciated and made it normal, because if people have carried out physical activities by exercising accompanied by maintaining a clean and healthy lifestyle, then the body will become fit and will not be easily attacked by diseases that make the body be healthy.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 670,
"width": 436,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Health is one part of the main capital in human resource development. As a basic right for every Indonesian citizen, health is mandated in the 1945 Constitution (UUD) article 28. Therefore, health is very important in a person's life. One indicator that a country is strong is its students. If students are healthy, they will be able to optimally absorb and implement the knowledge gained in everyday life in various fields. Based on Susenas data in March 2023, as many as 27.84 percent of children aged 0-17 years experienced health complaints. The number of health complaints among children aged 0-17 years in urban areas is 28.61",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 31,
"width": 202,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 31,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 791,
"width": 418,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1973 | Students’ Sports Behavior in the Kahayan River Basin, Palangka Raya City ( Yudo Harvianto )",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 75,
"width": 437,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "percent, slightly higher compared to rural areas which is 26.83 percent. According to this data, it was found that in Central Kalimantan Province in 2021 the percentage of the population aged 0-17 years who had health complaints was 19.28%, but there was an increase in children's health complaints in 2023 amounting to 24.5%. Among the samples from which data has been taken are students in river basin areas. Based on the background above, researchers will research the Sports Behavior of Students in the Kahayan River Basin, Palangka Raya City.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 172,
"width": 436,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The aim of this research is to find out about Student Sports Behavior in the Kahayan River Basin, Palangka Raya City.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 213,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. RESEARCH METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 227,
"width": 437,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research uses descriptive quantitative methods. A total of 278 students who lived in the Kahayan River basin were used as samples. The data collection technique in this research is a questionnaire in the form of indirect communication(Sugiyono, 2019)which is assisted by filling in via Google Form. In this research, researchers go directly to the research object in order to obtain valid data. The questionnaire distributed aims to determine the response given by the subject to a phenomenon being discussed(Creswell, 2012). Then the researcher will analyze the data obtained and then describe the presentation of the data in the form of tables and diagrams.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 365,
"width": 251,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1.1.Research result",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 393,
"width": 418,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From the implementation of the research that has been carried out, the research data obtained are as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 462,
"width": 418,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1: Analysis of student answers from the questionnaire \"I like watching sports matches\".",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 510,
"width": 15,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 503,
"width": 374,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Criteria Frequency Percentage 1 Yes 239 85.9 2 No 39 14.1 Number of Respondents 278 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 566,
"width": 418,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be described that 85.9% of students enjoy watching sports matches, and 14.1% are unhappy.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 607,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2: Analysis of student answers from the questionnaire \"Every day I always do sports activities\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 648,
"width": 380,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Criteria Frequency Percentage 1 Yes 171 61.5 2 No 107 38.5 Number of Respondents 278 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 711,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be described that 61.5% of students who always do sports activities every day, 38.5% do not do sports activities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 31,
"width": 202,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 31,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 791,
"width": 418,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1974 | Students’ Sports Behavior in the Kahayan River Basin, Palangka Raya City ( Yudo Harvianto )",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 75,
"width": 419,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 3 : Analysis of student answers from the questionnaire \"I exercise for at least 30 minutes every time.\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 102,
"width": 379,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Criteria Frequency Percentage 1 Yes 160 57.7 2 No 118 42.3 Number of Respondents 278 278",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 165,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be described that students who exercise for at least 30 minutes are 57.5%, and less than 30 minutes are 42.3%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 234,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 4 : Analysis of student answers from the questionnaire \"At school I take part in extracurricular sports.\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 262,
"width": 377,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Criteria Frequency Percentage 1 Yes 146 52.6 2 No 132 47.4 Number of Respondents 278 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 324,
"width": 418,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be described that 52.6% of students at school take part in extracurricular activities, and 47.4% of students who do not take part in extracurricular activities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 380,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 5 : Analysis of student answers from the questionnaire \"There are no sports facilities in the area around my house.\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 407,
"width": 376,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Criteria Frequency Percentage 1 Yes 135 48.7 2 No 143 51.3 Number of Respondents 278 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 470,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be described that 51.3% of students in their home environment have sports facilities, and 48.7% of students do not have sports facilities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 539,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 6 : Analysis of student answers from the questionnaire \"I'm not interested in exercising because\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 566,
"width": 384,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Criteria Frequency Percentage 1 No time 110 39.7 2 Lazy 32 11.5 3 There are no sports facilities 96 34.7 4 Not a hobby 39 14.1 Number of Respondents 278 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 653,
"width": 418,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be described that students are usually not interested in exercising because 39.7% don't have time, 11.5% are lazy, 34.7% don't have facilities and 14.1% don't enjoy exercising.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 708,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 7 : Analysis of student answers from the questionnaire \"I enjoy doing sports activities in”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 736,
"width": 384,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Criteria Frequency Percentage",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 31,
"width": 202,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 31,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 791,
"width": 418,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1975 | Students’ Sports Behavior in the Kahayan River Basin, Palangka Raya City ( Yudo Harvianto )",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 75,
"width": 365,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 School 61 21.8 2 Around the house 89 32.1 3 Sport Centre 46 16.6 4 Public facilities 82 29.5 Number of Respondents 278 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 135,
"width": 419,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be described that 21.8% of students enjoy doing sports activities at school, 32.1% around the house, 16.6% in the sports hall and 29.5% in public facilities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 191,
"width": 406,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 8 : Analysis of student answers from the questionnaire \"I exercise because to”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 204,
"width": 384,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Criteria Frequency Percentage 1 Maintain health 217 78.2 2 Looking for friends 11 3.9 3 Fill the free time 50 17.9 Number of Respondents 278 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 279,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be described that 78.2% of students exercise to maintain their health, 3.9% make friends, and 17.9% fill their free time.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 334,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 9 : Analysis of student answers from the questionnaire \"I prefer to exercise at any time”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 362,
"width": 384,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Criteria Frequency Percentage 1 Morning 78 28.2 2 Afternoon 7 2.6 3 Afternoon 164 59 4 Evening 29 10.2 Number of Respondents 278 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 449,
"width": 419,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be described that 28.2% of students like to do sports activities in the morning, 2.6% in the afternoon, 59% in the afternoon, and 10.2% in the evening.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 504,
"width": 419,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 10 :Analysis of student answers from the questionnaire “What always motivates me to exercise is\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 531,
"width": 387,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Criteria Frequency Percentage 1 Parents/family 135 48.7 2 Friend 53 19.2 3 Teacher 32 11.6 4 Coach 57 20.5 Number of Respondents 278 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 618,
"width": 418,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be described that those who always motivate students to exercise are parents/family at 48.7%, friends at 19.2%, teachers at 11.6%, and coaches at 20.5%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 673,
"width": 75,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1.2.Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 687,
"width": 418,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1l of 2022 concerning Sports in chapter 1 article 1 it is said that sports are all activities that involve the mind, body and soul in an integrated and systematic way to encourage, foster and develop physical, spiritual, social and potential. culture. In everyday life, a person should exercise regularly and consistently. Because by exercising regularly a person has implemented and implemented a healthy lifestyle. That way, the person has good",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 31,
"width": 202,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 31,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 791,
"width": 418,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1976 | Students’ Sports Behavior in the Kahayan River Basin, Palangka Raya City ( Yudo Harvianto )",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 75,
"width": 419,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "fitness. This is in line with what was expressed by(Refayanti Agustina et al., nd)that sports activities are one of the applications of a healthy lifestyle in everyday life. Based on research results, it shows that the majority of students do sports activities every day, perhaps they are motivated by what they see, because the majority show that students like watching sports. This is in line with what was said by(Jannah et al., 2022)which says that a person's environment can influence what they will achieve, so that a person will do everything to achieve their goals. Based on the research results, it also shows that students will do one sports activity for at least 30 minutes, this is in line with what is recommended by the WHO (World Health Organization) that someone should do physical activity for at least 30 minutes a day. Based on the research results, it has also shown that the majority of students do sports activities around their homes, this is because the majority of them have sports facilities around their homes. This is in line with the results of research conducted by(Supriyadinata et al., 2023)that the high motivation of people to do sports is partly due to the availability of sports facilities. The majority of students also do sports activities in the afternoon with the aim of maintaining health. This is in line with what was said by(Harvianto, 2019)that the majority of people do sports in the afternoon because it is relatively free time.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 351,
"width": 102,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 365,
"width": 436,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The conclusion obtained from this research is that every day students carry out sports activities with a minimum duration of 30 minutes in the afternoon. The aim of students doing sports activities every day is to maintain a healthy body. Apart from that, there are also sports facilities around their house, so that parents or family always motivate them to do sports activities, especially around the house. At school, the majority of students also take part in extracurricular activities and like watching sports matches. However, sometimes students are lazy about doing sports activities because they don't have enough time due to their busy lives.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 489,
"width": 116,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. BIBLIOGRAPHY",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 503,
"width": 438,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. In Educational Research (Vol. 4). Harvianto, Y. (2019). Minat Partisipasi Dalam Olahraga Ditinjau Dari Suku Bangsa Pada Siswa Di Kota Palangka Raya. JUPE : Jurnal Pendidikan Mandala , 4 (4), 17. https://doi.org/10.36312/jupe.v4i4.674",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 572,
"width": 438,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Harvianto, Y. (2020). Kebugaran Jasmani (Y. Wisman, Ed.; 1st ed.). K-Media. Harvianto, Y., & Abeng, A. T. (2021). Pelestarian Nilai Luhur Budaya Dayak Melalui Olahraga di Kota Palangka Raya. Jendela Olahraga , 6 (1), 130–138. https://doi.org/10.26877/jo.v6i1.7073",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 627,
"width": 438,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jannah, M., Dwi Permadani, F., Widohardhono, R., & Artikel, R. (2022). Motivasi Berprestasi Olahraga pada Atlet Pelajar ketika Pandemi Covid-19 di Jawa Timur . 13 (1), 60–65. https://doi.org/10.31764",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 669,
"width": 438,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Okta Prativi, G., Jurusan Ilmu Keolahragaan, S., Ilmu Keolahragaan, F., & Negeri Semarang, U. (2013). 32 JSSF 2 (3) (2013) Pengaruh Aktivitas Olahraga Terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani . http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jssf Refayanti Agustina, A., Agustini, F., & Ardiyanto, A. (n.d.). Analisis Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19 di SD Negeri 2 Pengkol Jepara (Vol. 4).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 31,
"width": 202,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 31,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 791,
"width": 418,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1977 | Students’ Sports Behavior in the Kahayan River Basin, Palangka Raya City ( Yudo Harvianto )",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 75,
"width": 437,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan Cetakan Ke-4. In Bandung: Alfabeta .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 103,
"width": 437,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sulikan, S., Lani, A., & Irwansyah, I. (2020). Survei Aktivitas Dosen Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi Terhadap Pembiasaan Olahraga di IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. Jendela Olahraga , 5 (2), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.26877/jo.v5i2.5312",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 144,
"width": 437,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Supriyadinata, G. P. E., Yoda, K., & Tisna, G. (2023). Motivasi Masyarakat untuk Melakukan Aktivitas Olahraga di Kompleks Fasilitas Olahraga pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 172,
"width": 77,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 172,
"width": 416,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keolahragaan Undiksha , 11 (3), 230–239. https://doi.org/10.23887/jiku.v11i3.65758",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 199,
"width": 438,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Republik Indonesia. (2022). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2022 Tentang Keolahragaan.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
b18c2f78-e13a-14fb-5f8d-e33e62e018bb | https://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/kjb/article/download/47454/22120 | [
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 783,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 72,
"width": 455,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesantunan Berbahasa Santriwati dalam Berkomunikasi di",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 91,
"width": 455,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Tajul Karomah Rakam, Lombok Timur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 137,
"width": 307,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Laila yuparni durratun yatimah 1* , Mahsun 2 , Burhanuddin 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 154,
"width": 426,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E-mail: : [email protected] 1* , mahsun@unram ac.id 2 , [email protected] 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 172,
"width": 110,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Universitas Mataram",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 193,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 212,
"width": 445,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci: kesantunan berbahasa, santriwati, pondok pesantren. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Wujud kesantunan berbahasa Santriwati dalam Berkomunikasi di Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Tajul Karomah, Rakam, Lombok Timur dengan menggunakan teori Leech (1983) dan wujud pelanggaran kesantunan berbahasa santriwati dalam berkomunikasi di lingkungan pondok pesantren tajul karomah rakam, lombok timur dengan menggunakan teori Leech (1983). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah data bahasa lisan yakni tuturan santriwati dalam berkomunikasi di lingkungan pondok pesantren tajul karomah, rakam Lombok Timur. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak dengan teknik dasar teknik sadap dan teknik lanjutan yaitu teknik simak bebas cakap dan teknik simak libat cakap, rekam, dan catat.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 390,
"width": 445,
"height": 364,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode padan ekstralingual. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data 1) wujud kesantunan berbahasa santriwati dalam berkomunikasi di lingkungan pondok pesantren tajul karomah, rakam Lombok Timur mematuhi keenam prinsip kesantunan berbahasa yang meliputi maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim pujian/penghargaan, maksim kecocokan, dan maksim kesimpatian; 2) wujud ketidaksantunan berbahasa santriwati dalam berkomunikasi di lingkungan pondok pesantren tajul karomah rakam, Lombok Timur melanggar atau menyimpang dari keenam prinsip kesantunan berbahasa yang meliputi maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim penghargaan, maksim kerendahan hati, maksim kecocokan dan maksim kesimpatian. Key word: ABSTRACT language politeness, female students, boarding school. This study aims to determine the form of language politeness of female students in communicating in the environment of Tajul Karomah Islamic Boarding School, Rakam, East Lombok using Leech's theory (1983) and the form of violation of language politeness of female students in communicating in the environment of Tajul Karomah Islamic Boarding School, Rakam, East Lombok using Leech's theory (1983). The method used in this research is a qualitative approach. The data in this study are spoken language data, namely the utterances of female students in communicating in the environment of tajul karomah Islamic boarding school, Rakam, East Lombok. The data collection method used in this research is the listening method with the basic technique of tapping technique and advanced techniques, namely free listening technique and free listening technique, recording, and recording.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 757,
"width": 297,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The data analysis technique uses the extralingual pairing method.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 783,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 45",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 82,
"width": 297,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the results of data analysis, 1) the form of language politeness of santriwati in communicating in the environment of Tajul Karomah Islamic boarding school, Rakam Eas Lombok complies with the six principles of language politeness which include the maxim of wisdom, the maxim of generosity, the maxim of praise / appreciation, the maxim of compatibility, and the maxim of sympathy; 2) the form of language impoliteness of santriwati in communicating in the environment of Pondok Pesantren Tajul Karomah Rakam, East Lombok violates or deviates from the six principles of language politeness which include the maxim of wisdom, the maxim of generosity, the maxim of appreciation, the maxim of humility, the maxim of compatibility and the maxim of sympathy.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 260,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 278,
"width": 454,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Komunikasi bisa berjalan dengan lancar tentunya dengan menggunakan bahasa sebagai mediumnya. Tanpa bahasa manusia tidak dapat bekerja sama sebagai makhluk sosial karena sebagian besar dari keseluruhan aspek kehidupan manusia dalam kehidupan sehari- hari hanya dimungkinkan akan berlangsung dalam bentuk komunikasi karena adanya bahasa. Bahasa menjadi bagian yang integral dari keberadan manusia Mahsun (2015:1). Melalui bahasa manusia dapat mengungkapkan perasaan serta pendapatnya. Dalam hal ini tentunya akan terjadi suatu interaksi (komunikasi) untuk berbagai tujuan. Seperti yang telah diungkapkan Sudaryanto dalam (Mahsun, 2015) bahwa bahasa berperan untuk membangun kerja sama dan menjadi sesama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 470,
"width": 454,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi memiliki kaitan dengan ilmu pragmatik sebagai salah satu cabang ilmu bahasa yang mempelajari struktur bahasa secara eksternal, yaitu bagaimana satuan kebahasaan digunakan dalam berkomunikasi. Komunikasi dalam berbahasa inilah yang memungkinkan terjadinya prinsip kesantunan berbahasa dalam peristiwa tindak tutur. Chaer (2012:33) mengemukakan bahwa bahasa adalah sistem lambang bunyi yang arbitrer yang digunakan oleh para anggota kelompok sosial untuk berkerja sama, berkomunikasi, dan mengidentifikasikan diri. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari penggunaan bahasa membutuhkan sebuah keterampilan yakni kemampuan untuk berbicara. Maka, sangat diperlukan pengetahuan yang baik tentang kaidah-kaidah yang mengatur penggunaan bahasa dalam berkomunikasi. Sebagaimana kajian dalam ilmu Pragmatik yang merupakan telaah mengenai makna dalam hubungannya dengan aneka situasi ujaran Tarigan (2021:29).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 698,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pondok Pesantren Tajul Karomah Rakam yang dipimpin oleh kyai H. Sufnawadi Yusuf Akbar adalah salah satu pondok pesantren yang mengembangkan pola komunikasi antarpenghuni pondok. Pondok pesantren tersebut mengelola pendidikan kepesantrenan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 771,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 771,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 46",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 454,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dengan pola-pola komunikasi yang beranekaragam dan mengutamakan unsur sopan santun. Kesantunan merupakan fenomena kultural, sehingga di dalam dunia pesantren, para santri dan santriwati perlu dibina dan dididik berbahasa santun, sebab mereka adalah para generasi penerus yang akan hidup sesuai zamannya, bila dibiarkan berbahasa tidak santun maka tidak mustahil bahwa bahasa santun yang sudah ada akan hilang dan kemudian lahir generasi yang kasar, arogan dan jauh dari nilai-nilai dalam beretika dan beragama. Akibat dari ketidaksantunan dalam berkomunikasi tersebut juga dapat mencerminkan sikap atau karakter santri yang tidak santun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 248,
"width": 454,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut teori yang dikemukakan oleh leech (1983) (dalam Agusmin dkk, 2022) bahwa ada enam prinsip kesantunan; (1) maksim kearifan/kebijaksanaan, (2) maksim kedermawanan, (3) maksim pujian, (4) maksim kerendahan hati, (5) maksim pemufakatan, dan (6) maksim simpati. Dengan adanya maksim-maksim prinsip kesantunan berbahasa tersebut diharapkan agar memperhatikan setiap tuturan yang diucapkan. Sebuah tuturan dianggap santun apabila memenuhi prinsip kesantunan berbahasa dan sebaliknya akan dianggap tidak santun jika menyimpang dari prinsip kesantunan berbahasa. Sopan santun penggunaan bahasa dalam kegiatan berbicara diharapkan menjadi faktor utama keberhasilan suatu komunikasi karena bertindak santun dalam berkomunikasi dipandang sebagai usaha untuk menghindari konflik antara penutur dengan mitra bicara dalam berbagai konteks dan situasi tindak tutur Wiryotinoyo (2010) (dalam Setyonegoro, 2022). Berikut salah satu wujud tindak tutur dari santriwati di lingkungan pondok pesantren Tajul Karomah, Rakam Lombok Timur dapat dilihat dari segi kesantunan berbahasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 517,
"width": 296,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santriwati A : we, bangun. Kebudegnya. Kajian dibelakang ! Santriwati B : Abah yang ngisi?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 544,
"width": 135,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santriwati A: iya, cepetan !",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 565,
"width": 454,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tuturan santriwati A tersebut berusaha memaksimalkan keuntungan santriwati B sesuai maksim kebijaksanaan yakni menguntungkan orang lain. Akan tetapi dengan nada yang keras serta pemakaian kata ” budeg ” maka tuturan santri A melanggar prinsip kesantunan berbahasa dengan penyelipan kata yang berkonotasi negatif. Dari tuturan santriwati tersebut, membuktikan bahwa kemampuan berbahasa santun pada santriwati memiliki indikasi melanggar prinsip kesantunan berbahasa serta sudah mematuhi prinsip kesantunan berbahasa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 715,
"width": 457,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian relevan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pageyasa (2015) memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam tentang realisasi prinsip kesantunan dalam diskusi internet di",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 783,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 47",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 455,
"height": 404,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tiga grup diskusi Hindu Indonesia. Husni (2017) mengkaji secara mendalam mengenai prinsip-prinsip kesantunan berbahasa yang terdapat di dalam talk show Ellen The DeGeneres Show serta implikasinya dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris . Burhanuddin dan Sumarlam (2015a) mengkaji tindak tutur imperatif dalam khutbah Jumat di Tabloit Muhammadiyah. Burhanuddin dan Sumarlam (2015b) mengkaji tindak tutur kesantunan Prosiden Joko Widodo dalam menangani persoalan sosial politik bangsa. Aisah dkk,. (2018) mengkaji pelanggaran pada prinsip kesantunan dalam program Opera Van Java episode Pengambil Setan. Tasliati (2018) mengkaji strategi-strategi ketidaksantunan dan faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidaksantunan tersebut. Badelah dkk (2019) jenis dan strategi tindak tutur guru dan kesantunan siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Sakra. Stepherda (2019) mengkaji strategi off the record yang menggambarkan imlikatur kesopanan dalam sebuah percakapan. Suntoro (2019) mengkaji kesantunan berbahasa mahasiswa pada dosen melalui Whatsapp. Arifa, Sumarti, & Widodo, (2022) mengkaji tindak tutur direktif yang terkandung di dalam percakapan antara guru dan siswa dalam belajar menulis bahasa indonesia. Sari dkk (2022) mengkaji tindak tutur imperatif guru dalam pembelajaran di SD Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat. Berdasarkan uraian di atas peneliti tertarik untuk mengkaji pragmatik pada tuturan santriwati pondok pesantren Tajul Karomah, Rakam Lombok Timur terkait dengan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa dalam kehidupan sehari–hari. Penelitian ini penting karena dapat mendeskripsikan berbahasa santriwati pondok pesantren Tajul Karomah dalam penerapan yang sesuai dengan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 517,
"width": 91,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KAJIAN TEORI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 531,
"width": 454,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pragmatik adalah telaah mengenai relasi antara bahasa dan konteks yang merupakan dasar bagi suatu catatan atau laporan pemahaman bahasa, dengan kata lain telaah mengenai kemampuan pemakai bahasa menghubungkan serta penyerasian kalimat-kalimat dan konteks- konteks secara tepat Tarigan (2021:31). Di antara ilmu linguistik tersebut, hanya pragmatik yang memungkinkan orang dapat menganalisis sebuah tuturan. Adapun pengertian pragmatik menurut Yule (2014:3) adalah studi tentang makna yang disampaikan oleh penutur dan ditafsirkan pendengar. Sedangkan menurut Rahardi (2019: 28) pragmatik termasuk dalam cabang ilmu bahasa yang saling berkaitan dengan makna, makna yang dimaksud yaitu makna dari penutur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 717,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Zamzani (dalam wahyuni, 2021) kesantunan berbahasa adalah tindakan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan etika dan bahasa yang sopan. Dalam teori Leech (1983) ada enam maksim dalam kesantunan berbahasa. Maksim merupakan kaidah kebahasaan di dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 771,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 771,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 48",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 454,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "interaksi lingual; kaidah-kaidah yang mengatur tindakannya, penggunaan bahasanya, dan interpretasi-interpretasinya terhadap tindakan dan ucapan lawan tuturnya. Selain itu maksim juga disebut sebagai bentuk pragmatik berdasarkan prinsip kerja sama dan prinsip kesopanan wahidah (2017: 4). Selanjutnya Rahardi (2008) (dalam Djumingin 2017), menjabarkan maksim-maksim dalam teori kesantunan Leech (1983) Maksim tersebut adalah maksim kearifan/kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim pujian, maksim kerendahan hati, maksim kesepakatan, dan maksim kesimpatian. Berikut penjabaran kaidah dari masing- maisng maksim tersebut secara ringkas. 1) maksim kebijaksaan yaitu kurangi kerugian orang lain dan tambahi keuntungan orang lain, 2) maksim kedermawanan yaitu kurangi keuntungan orang lain dan tambahi keuntungan diri sendiri, 3) maksim penghargaan kurangi cacian pada orang lain dan tambahi pujian pada orang lain, 4) maksim kederhanaan yaitu kurangi pujian pada diri sendiri dan tambahi cacian pada diri sendiri, 5) maksim pemufakatan yaitu kurangi ketidaksesuaian antara diri sendiri dengan orang lain dan tingkatkan persesuaian antara diri sendiri dengan orang lain Tarigan dalam Rahardi (2005:59-60).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 372,
"width": 454,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa prinsip kesantunan berbahasa merupakan suatu ketentuan dasar yang harus dipatuhi oleh penutur. Prinsip kesantunan pun berbeda-beda, tergantung pada para tokoh yang mencetuskannya. Prinsip- prinsip kesantunan tersebut seharusnya dapat diterima dengan baik. Dengan demikian, harus ada kerja sama antara penutur dan mitra tutur dalam melaksanakan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa. Dengan begitu, akan tercipta komunikasi yang santun antara si penutur dan lawan tutur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 538,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 553,
"width": 457,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah data bahasa lisan yakni tuturan santriwati dalam berkomunikasi di lingkungan pondok pesantren tajul karomah, rakam Lombok Timur. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode simak dengan teknik dasar teknik sadap dan teknik lanjutan yaitu teknik simak bebas cakap dan teknik simak libat cakap, rekam, dan catat. Mahsun (2017:267) menjelaskan bahwa metode simak yakni metode yang digunakan dalam penyediaan data dengan cara peneliti melakukan penyimakan penggunaan bahasa. Dari beberapa teknik yang telah disebutkan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan keempat teknik lanjutan secara bersama-sama. Karena data yang di sadap tersebut adalah data berwujud lisan. Hal ini sesuai dengan penjelasan Mahsun (2017:93) bahwa keempat teknik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 783,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 49",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 457,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(dari teknik lanjutan dalam metode simak) dapat digunakan secara bersama-sama jika penggunaan bahasa yang di sadap itu berwujud secara lisan. Pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan teknik sampling insidental Sugiyono (2018:85) Menjelaskan bahwa teknik penentuan sampel berdasarkan kebetulan, yakni siapa saja yang secara kebetulan bertemu dengan peneliti yang dapat digunakan sebagai sampel, bila dipandang orang yang kebetulan ditemui itu cocok sebagai sumber data.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 206,
"width": 455,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode padan ekstralingual. Mahsun (2017:118) menjelaskan bahwa metode padan esktralingual digunakan untuk menganalisis unsur yang bersifat ekstralingual, seperti menghubungkan masalah bahasa dengan hal yang berada di luar bahasa. Metode ini memiliki sebuah teknik karena bersifat abstrak. Teknik-teknik yang digunakan dalam metode ini yaitu teknik hubungbanding menyamakan (HBS), teknik hubungbanding membedakan (HBB), dan teknik hubungbanding menyamakan hal pokok (HBSP). Teknik-teknik dalam metode ekstralingual ini tentunya yang di-HBS-kan, di-HBB-kan, dan di HBSP-kan tentunya adalah yang bersifat ekstralingual bukan intralingual.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 413,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 434,
"width": 302,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wujud Kesantunan Berbahasa Santriwati Tajul Karomah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 466,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maksim kebijaksanaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 481,
"width": 454,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Di dalam maksim kebijaksaan ini di paparkan bahwa dalam bertutur yang santun setiap peserta pertuturan haruslah selalu berusaha meminimalkan kerugian kepada orang lain, dan memaksimalkan keuntungan kepada orang lain pula. Berikut contoh data kesantunan berbahasa santriwati dalam berkomunikasi sesuai dengan maksim kebijaksanaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 564,
"width": 357,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(1) Santriwati 1: fa, ni dah pakai uangku dulu. . Santriwati 2: eee,.. makasih ya aul, besok waktu dijenguk saya ganti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 606,
"width": 453,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan : Tuturan terjadi di luar kelas pada saat jam istirahat. Pada data (1) di atas santriwati 1 sudah mematuhi kaidah kesantunan berbahasa maksim kebijaksanaan sesuai dengan ungkapan penutur yakni santriwati 1: ”fa, ni dah pakai uangku dulu.”. Tuturan tersebut sudah mematuhi kaidah maksim kearifan atau kebijaksaan yakni penutur telah berusaha untuk mengecilkan kerugian kepada orang lain serta telah memberikan keuntungan kepada orang lain yakni penutur telah meminjamkan uangnya karena dia tahu temannya sudah kehabisan uang dan belum dijenguk oleh orang tuanya. Tuturan santriwati 1 tersebut sudah memenuhi kaidah maksim kebijaksanaan. Hal ini juga ditandai oleh ungkapan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 771,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 771,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 50",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 82,
"width": 453,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "santriwati 2 yang benar-benar dimaksimalkan keuntungannya oleh penutur seperti yang telah diungkapkannya yakni :” makasih ya aul, besok kalau dijenguk saya ganti . Tuturan tersebut menandakan bahwa santriwati 2 atau mitra tutur benar-benar tidak memiliki uang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 165,
"width": 302,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2) Santriwati 1: rin, makan mie nya. Habisin aja. Santriwati 2: gak apa-apa nih, saya habisin laper soalnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 192,
"width": 79,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santriwati : iya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 216,
"width": 455,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan : Tuturan terjadi di depan teras kamar santriwati. Santriwati 1 terlihat menawarkan mie yang telah di masak kepada temannya dan menyuruhnya untuk menghabiskannya. Pada data (1) di atas terlihat santriwati 1 sudah mematuhi prinsip kesantunan berbahasa maksim kebijaksanaan. Hal ini sesuai dengan ungkapan penutur yakni ”rin, makan mie nya. Habisin aja”. Data dalam tuturan santriwati 1 tersebut sudah berusaha meminimalkan kerugian kepada mitra tuturnya. Hal ini sesuai karena mitra tutur atau santriwati 2 dalam keadaan lapar. Hal ini jelas terlihat dari tuturan santriwati 2 :” gak apa- apa nih, saya habisin ya laper soalnya . Jadi Tuturan santriwati 1 sesuai dengan kaidah maksim kearifan bahwa penutur meminimalkan kerugian kepada mitra tuturnya dan memaksimalkan keuntungan kepada mitra tuturnya. Jadi tuturan tersebut dikatakan santun karena telah sesuai dengan kaidah maksim kebijaksanaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 451,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maksim kedermawanan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 465,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kaidah Maksim ini dalam sebuah yakni berusaha mengurangi keuntungan bagi dirinya sendiri dan menambahi pengorbanan untuk dirinya sendiri demi orang lain. Berikut data tuturan santriwati dalam berkomunikasi di lingkungan pesantren.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 527,
"width": 305,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(3) Santriwati 1 :wee,. jadi kamu pulang entar sore. Santriwati 2 : ga tw makanya ini, kalau bapak bisa jemput Santriwati 1 : entar dah ikut sama aku aja,.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 582,
"width": 457,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan: Tuturan antara santriwati tersebut terjadi ketika santriwati 1 akan pulang kerumah untuk keperluan mengambil ijazah di rumahnya dan bertepatan juga dengan santriwati 2 yang juga berniat pulang untuk keperluan yang sama namun bapaknya tidak bisa menjemput. Tuturan pada data (3) di atas adalah tuturan yang terjadi antar santriwati yang menggunakan kesantunan berbahasa yang menaati maksim kedermawanan. Tuturan yang bernilai santun ialah tuturan santriwati 1 :“. entar dah ikut sama aku aja,” Kesantunan berbahasa tersebut ialah tuturan yang diajukan oleh santriwati sesama santriwati untuk memudahkan temannya. dalam hal tersebut tuturan santriwati 1 sudah mematuhi kaidah maksim kedermawanan yakni sudah berusaha mengurangi keuntungan bagi dirinya sendiri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 783,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 51",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 454,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan menambahi pengorbanan untuk dirinya sendiri demi orang lain. Yakni dengan mengantarkan temannya untuk pulang bersama-sama menggunakan mobil keluarganya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 144,
"width": 115,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maksim penghargaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 165,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam maksim ini menjelaskan bahwa maksim penghargaan berarti berusaha memberikan penghargaan kepada pihak lain. Orang dianggap santun apabila dalam bertutur selalu berusaha memberikan penghargan kepada pihak lain. Berikut contoh data tuturan santriwati yang memenuhi kaidah maksim penghargaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 247,
"width": 226,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(4) Santriwati 1: bude, apa lauk kita hari ini Bude : itu kan di atas meja. Makan sana !.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 275,
"width": 433,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santriwati 1: wahh,, enak sekali baunya bude,. pokoknya kalau bude yang masak pasti enak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 317,
"width": 454,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan : tuturan terjadi pada saat jam makan siang di depan dapur asrama. Terlihat anak-anak sedang mengantri untuk mengambil makanan dan terlihat santriwati 1 merayu bu de yakni ibu dapur yang bertugas sebagai tukang masak di pondok pesantren tajul karomah rakam, lombok timur. Data pada tuturan di atas sudah memenuhi kesantunan berbahasa maksim penghargaan yakni penutur sudah memberikan sebuah penghargaan kepada mitra tutur dalam ungkapannya ” wahh ,, enak sekali baunya bude,. pokoknya kalau bude yang masak pasti enak”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 482,
"width": 304,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maksim kerendahan hati/ kesederhanaan ( modesty maxim )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 503,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maksim kesederhanaan atau kerendahan hati menuntut agar peserta tutur untuk bersikap rendah hati dengan cara mengurangi pujian terhadap diri sendiri. Berikut contoh data dalam tuturan santriwati.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 565,
"width": 369,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(5) Santriwati 1: niss, kamu aja nanti yang baca Alquran abiz zuhur itu ya,. Santriwati 2: ee kamu dah,. Suaramu lebih bagus dan lebih fasih.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 593,
"width": 440,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan: tuturan terjadi pada saat santriwati sedang di musholla selesai mengikuti kegiatan belajar mufrodat bahasa arab. Pada data di atas tuturan santriwati 1 sudah memenuhi kesantunan berbahasa maksim kerendahan hati yakni penutur bersikap rendah hati dengan mengurangi pujian terhadap diri sendiri. Terlihat pada tuturan santriwati 1 ” niss, kamu aja nanti yang baca Alquran zuhur itu” penutur mengurangi pujian terhadap diri sendiri padahal penutur memiliki suara yang bagus dalam membaca Alquran. Tuturan terlihat jelas ketika mitra tutur mengatakan ” ee kamu dah,. Suaramu lebih bagus dan lebih fasih”. Dalam hal ini santriwati 1 sudah bersikap rendah hati sesuai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 771,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 771,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 82,
"width": 440,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dengan kaidah maksim kerendahan hati, dia tidak mengunggulkan diri sendiri melainkan bersikap rendah hati.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 144,
"width": 290,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maksim kesepakatan/ pemufakatan ( agreement maxim )",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 165,
"width": 440,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesantunan berbahasa pada Maksim pemufakatan ini menekankan supaya para peserta tutur dapat saling membina kecocokan atau kemufakatan di dalam kegiatan bertutur. Di dalam maksim kecocokan menghendaki agar setiap penutur dan lawan tutur untuk memaksimalkan kesetujuan di antara mereka dan meminimalkan ketidaksetujuan di antara mereka. Berikut contoh data tuturannya santriwati dalam berkomunikasi di lingkungan pondok pesantren.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 299,
"width": 440,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(6) Santriwati 1: aul,. Kita muroja’ah aja mulai besok yuk, biar kuat hafalan kita. Santriwati 2: iya,. Aku juga mau bilang gitu tadi. Nanti kita samaan bilang ke ustazah ya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 354,
"width": 440,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan : tuturan terjadi pada saat jam istirahat sepulang sekolah di depan teras asrama santriwati. Pada data di atas tuturan santriwati termasuk dalam kesantunan berbahasa karena telah mematuhi kaidah maksim pemufakatan yakni penutur (santriwati 1) dengan ungkapan ” aul,. Kita muroja’ah aja mulai besok yuk, biar kuat hafalan kita” dan mitra tutur dengan ungkapan ” iya,. Aku juga mau bilang gitu tadi. Nanti kita samaan bilang ke ustazah ya”. data tersebut sudah memenuhi kaidah maksim pemufakatan yakni penutur dan mitra tutur sudah sama-sama membina kecocokan dalam berkomunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 520,
"width": 203,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maksim kesimpatian ( sympath maxim )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 541,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesantunan pada maksim kesimpatian menuntut para peserta tutur untuk memaksimalkan sikap simpati antara pihak yang satu dengan pihak lain. Berikut contoh data tuturan santriwati. Berikut data tuturan santriwati.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 623,
"width": 436,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(7) Santriwati 1: ustadzah,. Saya minta izin mau anter meila ke kamar, badannya panas. Ustadzah : owh, baik. Langsung saja bawa ke klinik ya, biar nanti langsung di periksa Santriwati 1 : baik ustadzah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 679,
"width": 440,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan : tuturan terjadi selesai sholat ashar di musholla pada saat santriwati sedang mengikuti program tahfiz yakni setoran hafalan. Terlihat santriwati meminta izin ke ustadzahnya untuk membawa temannya yang sedang sakit saat sedang mengikuti program. Data di atas merupakan sikap kesantunan berbahasa karena sudah mematuhi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 783,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 53",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 79,
"width": 441,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kaidah maksim kesimpatian yakni dalam tuturan santriwati 1:” ustadzah,. Saya minta izin mau anter meila ke kamar, badannya panas” tuturan tersebut sudah memaksimalkan sikap simpati terhadap temannya yang sedang sakit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 154,
"width": 329,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wujud Ketidaksantunan Berbahasa Santriwati Tajul Karomah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 175,
"width": 187,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggara Maksim kebijaksanaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 195,
"width": 440,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggaran terhadap maksim kebijaksanaan yaitu penutur berusaha memaksimalkan kerugian kepada orang lain dan dapat meminimalkan manfaat untuk orang lain. Pelanggaran maksim kebijaksanan ini merupakan lawanan dari pengertian maksim kebijaksanaan. Berikut data tuturan santriwati yang ditemukan dalam berkomunikasi yang melanggar kaidah maksim kebijaksanaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 299,
"width": 440,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(8) Santriwati 1: isna, pinjem jilbab warna abu mu itu meh Santriwati 2: eee, kamu minjem-minjem terus, jibabku yang warna item kemarin itu aja belum kamu balikin",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 340,
"width": 312,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santriwati 1: ehh, iyaa nanti sekalian aku balikin kamu, pelitmu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 368,
"width": 441,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan : tuturan terjadi di kamar asrama santriwati. Terlihat salah satu santriwati ingin meminjam jilbab temannya. Data (8) pada tuturan di atas termasuk ketidaksantunan berbahasa dengan pelanggaran maksim kebijaksaan yakni tuturan santriwati 1 sudah memaksimalkan kerugian kepada mitra tuturnya sesuai dengan ungkapan ” isna, pinjem jilbab warna abu mu itu meh dan ungkapan ehh, iyaa nanti sekalian aku balikin kamu, pelitmu”. Dalam tuturan tersebut santriwati 1 ingin meminjam jilbab kepada mitra tuturnya dalam ungkapan santriwati 2 ” eee, kamu minjem-minjem terus, jibabku yang warna item kemarin itu aja belum kamu balikin” tuturan tersebut sudah jelas meminimalkan manfaat mitra tuturnya. Jadi tuturan Santriwati 1 tersebut termasuk tidak sopan karena sudah melanggar kaidah maksim kebijaksanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 596,
"width": 191,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggaran maksim kedermawanan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 616,
"width": 440,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggaran kesantunan berbahasa pada maksim kedermawanan yakni penutur dalam berkomunikasi telah memaksimalkan keuntungan bagi dirinya sendiri dan meminimalkan kerugian terhadap dirinya sendiri. Hal ini tentunya berlawanan dari kaidah maksim kedermawanan. Berikut data tuturan santriwati dalam berkomunikasi di lingkungan pesantren.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 720,
"width": 258,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(9) Santriwati 1 : nis, boleh pinjem pulpen mu bentar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 734,
"width": 348,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santriwati 2 : eee minjem-minjem,. beli sana, pulpen banyak di syirkah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 771,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 771,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 54",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 454,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan : tuturan terjadi di kelas pada saat santriwati mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Terlihat santriwati tidak memiliki pulpen. Data (10) pada tuturan di atas merupakan tuturan yang melanggar kaidah maksim kedermawanan. Hal ini sesuai dengan ungkapan santriwati 2 ” eee minjem-minjem, beli sana, pulpen banyak di syirkah . Data tuturan tersebut jelas sudah memaksimalkan keuntungan bagi dirinya sendiri dan meminimalkan kerugian terhadap dirinya sendiri yakni tidak memberikan mitra tuturnya meminjam pulpen dan menyuruhnya membelinya di syirkah (kantin pondok).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 248,
"width": 182,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggaran maksim penghargaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 268,
"width": 454,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggaran terhadap maksim penghargaan yakni lawan dari kaidah maksim penghargaan. Pelanggaran terhadap maksim ini yakni meminimalkan pujian terhadap orang lain dan memaksimalkan kecaman terhadap orang lain. Selain itu, penutur juga telah mengatakan hal-hal yang tidak menyenangkan kepada mitra tutur dan dianggap telah memberikan ejekan terhadap orang lain. berikut contoh tuturan santriwati dalam berkomunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 392,
"width": 275,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(10) Santriwati 1 : kak, ada ga tadi ka mika di belakang Santriwati 2: mana ku tempe, liat aja sana",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 434,
"width": 455,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan : tuturan terjadi di halaman pondok ketika santriwati baru selesai belajar sore di kelas. Terlihat santriwati 1 sedang mencari seniornya dan bertanya kepada salah satu senior temannya yang baru selesai belajar di kelas yang lokasinya berada di belakang. pada Tuturan santriwati tersebut merupakan pelanggaran terhadap maksim penghargaan dengan tuturan ” mana ku tempe, liat aja sana” . Tuturan tersebut termasuk tidak santun karena lawan tuturnya bertanya dengan baik dan santun yakni dengan ungkapan ” kak, ada ga tadi ka mika di belakang”. tetapi respon santriwati 2 tidak baik. Dalam hal ini penutur yakni santriwati 1 merasa tidak senang dengan jawaban mitra tuturnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 620,
"width": 227,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(11) Santriwati 1 : cieee,. Kaca mata baruu nih Santriwati 2: eee,. Mata mu baru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 662,
"width": 455,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan: Tuturan terjadi dihalaman pondok pesantren pada saat santriwati sedang melakukan pembersihan di sekitar halaman pondok. Pada data tuturan santriwati 2 dengan ungkapan : ” eee,. Mata mu baru” sudah jelas tidak santun. Karena penutur yakni santriwati 1 dalam ungkapan :” cieee,. Kaca mata baruu nih ” merupakan ungkapan kagum kepada mitra tuturnya karena memakai kaca mata baru, tetapi mitra tutur merespon dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 783,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 55",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 454,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tidak baik, sehingga tuturan santriwati 2 di atas merupakan ketidaksantunan berbahasa dengan melanggar maksim penghargaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 144,
"width": 195,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggaran maksim kesederhanaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 165,
"width": 454,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggaran terhadap maksim kesederhanaan adalah lawan dari kaidah maksim kesederhanaan. Pelanggaran maksim ini yakni penutur memaksimalkan pujian terhadap dirinya sendiri dan meminimalkan kecaman terhadap diri sendiri. Selain itu, peserta pertuturan dianggap telah bersikap tinggi hati dan memperbesar pujian terhadap diri sendiri. (12) Santriwati 1 : bagus tulisan arabmu aul",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 261,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santriwati 2 : eee iya donk, belajar makanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 289,
"width": 455,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan : tuturan terjadi pada saat santriwati sedang belajar tulis khot arab di kelas. Pada data tuturan (13) di atas terlihat penutur memuji temannya dengan ungkapan ”bagus tulisan arabmu aul” . Namun, mitra tutur yakni santriwati 2 telah melanggar kaidah maksim kesederhanaan yakni telah memaksimalkan pujian terhadap dirinya sendiri dan meminimalkan kecaman terhadap diri sendiri. Hal ini sesuai dengan ungkapannya yaitu : ” eee iya donk, belajar makanya ”. Hal ini termasuk tuturan yan tidak santun sesuai dengan pelanggaran maksim kesederhanaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 455,
"width": 182,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggaran maksim pemufakatan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 475,
"width": 457,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggaran kesantunan berbahasa pada maksim kesepakatan yakni tuturan terjadi dengan memperbesar ketidaksepakatan pada diri sendiri dan orang lain atau meminimalisasi kesepakatan antara diri sendiri dan orang lain. Hal ini tentunya bertentangan atau berlawanan dengan kaidah maksim pemufakatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 579,
"width": 416,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(13) Santriwati 1 : wee, kita buat kayak punya kelas 2 itu ke baju persatuannya? Santriwati 2 : ee ndak usah kayak gitu. Entar di kira kita ikutin mereka. Males be.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 620,
"width": 454,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan: tuturan terjadi pada waktu jam istirahat. Terlihat santriwati sedang duduk santai di halaman pondok. Data (14) pada tuturan di atas merupakan tuturan yang telah melanggar kesantunan maksim pemufakatan. Hal ini sesuai dengan ungkapan penutur yang bertanya tentang baju persatuan yang akan mereka buat yaitu :” wee, kita buat kayak punya kelas 2 itu ke baju persatuannya? Kemudian mitra tutur menjawab dengan ungkapan :” ee ndak usah kayak gitu. Entar di kira kita ikutin mereka. Males be”. Tuturan santriwati 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 771,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 771,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 56",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 454,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tersebut merupakan tuturan yang memperbesar ketidaksepakatan kepada diri sendiri dan orang lain. Hal ini tentunya melanggar kaidah maksim pemufakatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 144,
"width": 180,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggaran maksim kesimpatian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 165,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelanggaran kesantunan berbahasa pada maksim simpati ini adalah tuturan terjadi dengan memaksimalkan rasa antipati antara diri sendiri dan orang lain dan meminimalisasi rasa simpati antara diri sendiri dan orang lain. Berikut data tuturan santriwati dalam berkomunikasi di pesantren.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 247,
"width": 294,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(14) Santriwati 1 : isna, dimana kamu liat buku mufrodatku. Santriwati 2 : mana ku tau, kamu kira aku dukun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 289,
"width": 454,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konteks tuturan : tuturan terjadi di dalam kamar santriwati. Terlihat santriwati mencari buku mufrodatnya dan menanyakan kepada temannya. Pada data tuturan (15) di atas dalam ungkapan santriwati 2 ”mana ku tau, kamu kira aku dukun”. Tuturan tersebut sudah melanggar kaidah maksim kesimpatian yakni sudah meminimalisir rasa simpati kepada orang lain. Tuturan tersebut termasuk tidak santun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 413,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 434,
"width": 454,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesantunan berbahasa dalam berkomunikasi sangat penting digunakan oleh santri atau santriwati baik dalam lingkungan pondok pesantren maupun di luar pesantren. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan pada bab sebelumnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa peneliti menemukan wujud kesantunan berbahasa dan ketidaksantunan berbahasa santriwati dalam berkomunikasi di lingkungan pondok pesantren Tajul karomah rakam, Lombok timur. Dari data yang peneliti temukan bahwa tuturan santriwati sudah mematuhi prinsip kesantunan berbahasa sesuai dengan teori Leech (1983). wujud kesantunan berbahasa yang mematuhi prinsip kesantunan Leech (1983) terjadi pada keenam maksim prinsip kesantunan berbahasa yang meliputi maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim pujian/penghargaan, maksim kecocokan, dan maksim kesimpatian. Selanjutnya peneliti juga menemukan hal adanya pelanggaran kesantunan berbahasa pada keenam maksim kesantunan yaitu pelanggaran maksim kebijaksanaan, pelanggaran maksim kedermawanan, pelanggaran maksim pujian/penghargaan, pelanggaran maksim kecocokan, dan pelanggaran maksim kesimpatian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 783,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 57",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 44,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 103,
"width": 454,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Beberapa saran dari hasil penelitian ini adalah diharapkan bagi peneliti selanjutnya agar dapat menggali lebih rinci Penelitian mengenai pematuhan serta pelanggaran prinsip kesantunan berbahasa di lingkungan pesantren. Sebagai mahasiswa yang menjungjung tinggi nilai-nilai kesopanan agar hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan kesantunan berbahasa dalam berkomunkasi. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini agar dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan informasi penelitian dan sebagai bahan perbandingan peneliti-peneliti lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 249,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 269,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Agusmin, A., Sukri, S., & Burhanuddin, B. (2022). Tindak Tutur Kesantunan Guru dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMPN 3 Satap Jereweh. JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan) , 6 (3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 311,
"width": 455,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aisah, C., Chandra, P. A., Nurjannah, Y. Y., & Latifah, L. (2019). Analisis Kesantunan Berbahasa Dalam Program Acara Overa Van Java Episode Pengambil Setan. Parole: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia , 1 (2), 171-182. Arifa, H., Sumarti, S., & Widodo, M. (2022). Teacher and Student Directive Speech Acts in Learning Writing Indonesian (Pragmatic Studies). Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) , 5 (3).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 394,
"width": 455,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Badelah, B., Mahsun, M., & Burhanuddin, B. (2019). Tindak Tutur Kesantunan Guru dan Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMP Negeri 2 Sakra: Tinjauan Pragmatik. LINGUA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya , 16 (2), 219-234.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 435,
"width": 449,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Burhanuddin dan Sumarlam. 2015b. Presiden Joko Widodo: Potret Tindak Tutur Penanganan Masalah Sosial-politik Bangsa. Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra ,14 (2): 167-190.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 476,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Burhanuddin. 2015a. Tindak Tutur Imperatif Khutbah Jumat dalam Tabloid Suara Muhammadiyah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Prasasti II.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 504,
"width": 287,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chaer, Abdul. 2014. Kajian Bahasa. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 518,
"width": 455,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Djumingin, A. (2016). Analisis kesantunan berbahasa guru dan siswa pada kegiatan presentasi pembelajaran bahasa indonesia kelas viii smp negeri 12 makassar (Doctoral dissertation, FBS).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 557,
"width": 454,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Husni, N. (2017). Politeness Principle In “The Ellen Degeneres Show” And Its Implication In Learning English (Content Analysis Study). Komposisi: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Seni , 18 (2), 133-147.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 601,
"width": 454,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lailatul Wahidah, Y., & Wijaya, H. (2017). Anaslisis Kesantunan Berbahasa Menurut Leech pada Tuturan Berbahasa Arab Guru Pondok Pesantren Ibnul Qoyyim Putra Yogyakarta Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017 (Kajian Prgmatik). Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab , 9 (1), 1-16. Mahsun. 2015. Indonesia dalam perspektif politik kebahasaan . PT RajaGrapindo Persada: Depok.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 683,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mahsun. 2017. Metode penelitian bahasa tahapan, strategi, metode, dan tekniknya . PT RajaGrapindo Persada: Depok.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 711,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pabuntang, Irene. 2022. \"Kesantunan Berbahasa lndonesia mengenai Govid-l9 dalam Caption dan Komentar Instagram Terverifikasi. Program Magister Bahasa Indonesia. Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KODE: Jurnal Bahasa/Vol. 12/edisi September/Tahun 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 771,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Cetak 2301-5411",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 771,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Halaman 58",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 783,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN Online 2579-7957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 454,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pageyasa, W. (2015). Realisasi Prinsip Kesantunan dalam Diskusi Internet di Tiga Grup",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 96,
"width": 404,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diskusi Hindu Indonesia. BAHTERA: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra , 14 (1), 81-89.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 123,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari, F., Mahsun, dan Burhanuddin. 2022. Tindak Tutur Imperatif Guru dalam Pembelajaran di SD Negeri Aik Kangkung Kecamatan Sekongkang. Jurnal Lentera: Jurnal Studi Pendidikan 4 (2), 25-50",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 165,
"width": 455,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setyonegoro, A., Akhyaruddin, A., & Yusra, H. (2022). Analisis Teori-Teori Kesantunan Berbahasa untuk Pengayaan Bahan Ajar Mata Kuliah Berbicara . Pena : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra , 11 (1). Sugiono. 2018. Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D . Bandung : Alfabeta. Suntoro, S. (2019). Kesantunan Berbahasa Mahasiswa pada Dosen dalam Wacana Komunikasi Whatsapp di STABN Sriwijaya. JP-BSI (Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia) , 4 (1), 39-46. Tarigan, Henry Guntur. 2021. Pengajaran Pragmatik . Bandung:Angkasa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 275,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tasliati, T. (2018). Analisis Ketidaksantunan Berbahasa pada Unggahan dalam Grup Daring Jual-Beli di Kota Tanjungpinang. GENTA BAHTERA: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan , 4 (2), 175-184.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 316,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yanti, R. (2017). An Analysis of Off Record Strategies Reflecting Politeness Implicature in †œOprah Winfrey Showâ€. Jurnal Arbitrer , 4 (1), 52-57.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 344,
"width": 331,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yule, George. 2014. Pragmatik . Yogyakarta: pustaka pelajar Offset.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
4fa95d54-1864-f968-7c18-8a58aad52f33 | http://legalitas.unbari.ac.id/index.php/Legalitas/article/download/301/225 | [
{
"left": 35,
"top": 44,
"width": 149,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Legalitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 267,
"top": 39,
"width": 297,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Legalitas: Jurnal Hukum, 14(1), Juni 2022, 70-77",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 54,
"width": 207,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2085-0212 (Print), ISSN 2597-8861 (Online) DOI 10.33087/legalitas.v14i1.301",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 797,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "70",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 95,
"width": 396,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Yuridis Pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) oleh Notaris",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 145,
"width": 203,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Hariyanto dan 2 Nurmala Saputri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 161,
"width": 206,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Mataram, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 172,
"width": 269,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Prodi PPKn, FKIP Universitas Mataram, Indonesia Email: [email protected] , [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 209,
"width": 526,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) yang dibuat oleh Notaris serta menganalisis implikasi hukum terhadap Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) yang dibuat oleh Notaris. Metode dalam penelitian ini merupakan metode penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan Undang-undan. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain Pertama: Kedudukan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) dengan menggunakan akta notaril yang dibuat oleh Notaris terdegredasi menjadi akta dibawah tangan, dikarenakan secara khusus kewenangan pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) sudah dilimpahkan kepada Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam PP 37 tahun 1998 tentang Peraturan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT). Kedua: Implikasi hukum dari pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) yang dibuat oleh Notaris dalam bentuk akta Notariil tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai pembuktian yang sempurna. Bentuk SKMHT hanya ditetapkan berdasarkan PMNA/Perkaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Perkaban Nomor 8 Tahun 1997. SKMHT yang dibuat dalam bentuk akta Notariil mengandung kecacatan karena tidak sesuai dengan syarat akta Notaris sebagaimana yang ditetapkan dalam Pasal 38 Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN) Kewenangan Notaris adalah membuat atau menciptakan akta, apabila Notaris membuat SKMHT dengan mengisi isian yang disediakan oleh BPN maka SKMHT yang dibuat oleh Notaris dengan cara tersebut tidak memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 380,
"width": 192,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Analisis Yuridis, SKMHT, Notaris",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 402,
"width": 526,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract. This study aims to analyze the position of the Power of Attorney to impose Mortgage (SKMHT) made by a Notary and to analyze the legal implications of the Power of Attorney to impose Mortgage (SKMHT) made by a Notary. The method in this study is a normative research method using a conceptual approach and legislation. The results of this study include: First: The position of the Power of Attorney for Imposing Mortgage (SKMHT) using a notarial deed made by a Notary has been relegated to an under-handed deed, because specifically the authority to make a Power of Attorney for Imposing Mortgage (SKMHT) has been delegated to the Land Deed Maker Official. (PPAT) as stated in PP 37 of 1998 concerning Regulation of Land Deed Maker Officials (PPAT). Second: The legal implications of making a Power of Attorney for Imposing Mortgage (SKMHT) made by a notary in the form of a notarial deed cannot be used as perfect evidence. The form of SKMHT is only determined based on PMNA/Perkaban Number 3 of 1997 as amended by Perkaban Number 8 of 1997. SKMHT made in the form of a Notary deed contains defects because it does not comply with the requirements of a Notary deed as stipulated in Article 38 of the Law on Notary Positions ( UUJN) The authority of a Notary is to make or create a deed, if a Notary makes a SKMHT by filling in the fields provided by the BPN, the SKMHT made by a Notary in this way does not have perfect evidentiary power.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 550,
"width": 191,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Juridical Analysis, SKMHT, Notary",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 572,
"width": 120,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang Masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 600,
"width": 526,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembaga Perbankan merupakan salah satu lembaga yang dapat meminjamkan dana kepada masyarakat, lembaga perbankan merupakan lembaga yang kegiatannya menghimpun dana langsung dari masyarakat dalam betuk simpanan selain itu lembaga perbankan menawarkan jasa yang salah satunya adalah kredit. Kata kredit berasal dari bahasa latin “kreditus” yang merupakan bentuk dari past participle “credere” yang berarti trust . Kata turst itu sendiri berarti kepercayaaan. 1 Pemberian kredit kepada masyarakat melalui lembaga perbankan tentunya dilakukan dengan suatu perjanjian. Ada dua macam yang membahas tentang pengertian perjanjian yaitu teori lama dan teori baru. Pasal 1313 KUH perdata yang berbunyi “perjanjian adalah suatu perbuatan dengan mana salah satu pihak atau lebih mengikatkan dirinya terhadap satu orang atau lebih”. 2 Dalam hal ini yang dikenal dengan perjanjian kredit, setiap perjanjian selalu melahirkan perikatan antara kreditor dengan debitor atau pihak ketiga yang isi pokonya adalah menjamin pelunasan hutang yang timbul dari pemberian kredit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 727,
"width": 526,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perjanjian Kredit merupakan perjanjian yang selalu diikuti dengan jaminan untuk memberikan kepastian keamanan dari kreditur, sifat perjanjian hutang piutang ini lazimnya disebut juga dengan perjanjian yang bersifat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 773,
"width": 405,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Munir fuady, Hukum Perkreditan Kontemporer , cet 1,(Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 1996), hlm. 5.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 785,
"width": 380,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Salim HS, Pengantar Hukum Perdata Tertulis (BW), (Jakarta: Sinar grafika, 2011), hlm. 160.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hariyanto dan Nurmala Saputri. Analisis Yuridis Pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) oleh Notaris",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 549,
"top": 797,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "71",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 74,
"width": 526,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "accesoir yaitu perjanjian yang selalu dikaitakan dengan perjanjian pokok. Keabsahan suatu perjanjian akan selalu diukur dengan unsur-unsur dan syarat-syarat yang terkandung didalamnya karena, apabila hal ini dikesampingkan akan mengakibatkan perjanjian tersebut batal demi hukum. 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 112,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berbicara masalah perjanjian yang bersifat accesoir , maka dalam perjanjian hutang-piutang yang menjadi jaminan pada umumnya adalah hak atas tanah, dimana hak tanggungan menjadi satu-satunya hak jaminan atas tanah. Hak tanggungan memiliki sifat yang tidak dapat dibagi-bagi hal ini tercantum dalam pasal 2 ayat (1) UUHT yang menyatakan “hak tanggungan mempunyai sifat tidak dapat dibagi-bagi,kecuali diperjanjikan dalam Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2).“ Namun hal tersebut tidak terlepas dari adanya pengecualian artinya sifat dari hak tanggungan yang tidak dapat dibagi-bagi tidak bersifat absolute hal tersebut dapat disampingi dengan Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan (APHT) yang dituangkan dalam pasal 1 ayat (2) UUHT.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 200,
"width": 526,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada dasarnya pembebanan hak tanggungan harus dilakukan oleh pemberi hak tanggungan itu sendiri secara langsung, dan apabila dalam hal pemberi hak tanggungn tidak dapat hadir secara langsung dihadapan Notaris atau Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) maka hal ini dapat disiasati dengan menggunakan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) yang dibuat dalam bentuk akta otentik. Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan yang dibuat oleh Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) akan ditindaklanjuti dengan pembuatan Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan (APHT) mengingat Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan memiliki jangka waktu yang singkat yaitu 1 bulan, 3 bulan dan/atau seumur kredit. Pengaturan mengenai jangka waktu dari SKMHT ini diatur dalam Pasal 15 ayat (3) dan ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan. Pemberian jangka waktu dari SKMHT bertujuan untuk mencegah berlarutnya pemberian kuasa dan terjadinya penyalahgunaan serta demi tercapainya kepastian hukum, maka berlakunya SKMHT dibatasi jangka waktunya. Untuk hak atas tanah yang sudah terdaftar, wajib diikuti dengan pembuatan APHT selambat-lambatnya 1 (satu) bulan sesudah diberikan. Sedangkan untuk hak atas tanah yang belum didaftarkan harus dipenuhi dalam waktu 3 (tiga) bulan sesudah diberikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 352,
"width": 526,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hal tersebut fungsi dan kegunaan dari Surat Kuasa Pembebanan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) adalah sebagai alat untuk mengatasi apabila pemberi hak tanggungan tidak dapat hadir dihadapan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) dan surat kuasa tersebut harus diberikan langsung oleh pemberi hak tanggungan. Disini terlihat jelas bahwa kewenangan dari PPAT itu sendiri sangat besar pada pembuatan Surat Kuasa Pembebanan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 415,
"width": 526,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara umum pejabat yang berwenang dalam membuat SKMHT adalah notaris dan PPAT dimana objek jaminan berada. Kewenangan notaris tunduk pada Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris. Berangkat dari Ketentuan Pasal 15 Undang-undang No. 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris menyatakan bahwa :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 466,
"width": 526,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Notaris berwenang membuat akta autentik mengenai semua perbuatan, perjanjian dan penetapan yang diharuskan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan dan/atau yang dikehendaki oleh yang berkepentingan untuk dinyatakan dalam Akta autentik, menjamin kepastian tanggal pembuatan Akta, menyimpan Akta, memeberikan grosse, salinan dan kutipan Akta, semuanya itu sepanjang pembuatan Akta itu tidak juga ditugaskan atau dikecualikan kepada pejabat lain atau orang lain yang ditetapkan oleh undang-undang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 529,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Selain kewenangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), Notaris berwenang pula:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 542,
"width": 505,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Mengesahkan tanda tangan dan menetapkan kepastian tanggal surat di bawah tangan dengan mendaftar dalam buku khusus;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 567,
"width": 350,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Membukukan surat di bawah tangan dengan mendaftar dalam buku khusus;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 580,
"width": 505,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Membuat kopi dari salinan asli di bawah tangan berupa salinan yang memuat uraian sebagimana ditulis dan digambarkan dalam surat yang bersangkutan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 605,
"width": 307,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Melakukan pengesahan kecocokan fotokopi dengan surat aslinya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 618,
"width": 329,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e. Memberikan penyuluhan hukum sehubungan dengan pembuatan Akta;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 630,
"width": 262,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "f. Membuat Akta yang berkaitan dengan pertanahan; atau",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 643,
"width": 149,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "g. Membuat Akta risalah lelang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 656,
"width": 526,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Disisi lain terdapat tugas pokok dan kewenangan dari PPAT yang tercantum dalam pasal 2 PP Nomor 37 Tahun 1998 yang menyatakan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 681,
"width": 526,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) PPAT bertugas pokok melaksanakan sebagian kegiatan pendaftaran tanah dengan membuat akta sebagai bukti telah dilakukannya perbuatan hukum tertentu mengenai hak atas tanah atau hak milik atas satuan rumah susun, yang akan dijadikan dasar bagi pendaftaran perubahan data pendaftaran tanah yang diakibatkan oleh perbuatan hukum itu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 732,
"width": 365,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) perbuatan hukum sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat 1 adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 744,
"width": 58,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Jual beli:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 757,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Tukar menukar;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 784,
"width": 320,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Remy Sjahdeini, Hak Tanggungan , (Jakarta, Penerbit alumni, 1999), hlm. 28 .",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hariyanto dan Nurmala Saputri. Analisis Yuridis Pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) oleh Notaris",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 549,
"top": 797,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "72",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 74,
"width": 50,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Hibah ;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 87,
"width": 191,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Pemasukan dalam perusahaan (inberg) ;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 99,
"width": 134,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e. Pembagian harta bersama;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 112,
"width": 306,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "f. Pemberian Hak Guna Bangunan/Hak pakai atas tanah Hak Milik;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 124,
"width": 235,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "g. Pemberian kuasa membebankan hak tanggungan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 137,
"width": 526,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melihat beberapa rumusan Pasal di atas kewenangan dalam pembuatan SKMHT masih menjadi tanda tanya besar, dimana Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) merupakan Surat Kuasa khusus, tidak memuat kuasa untuk melakukan perbuatan hukum lain selain membebankan hak tanggungan, selain itu pengaturan mengenai pembuatan SKMHT sudah diatur secara khusus dan sudah tercantum dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 37 Tahun 1998 tentang Peraturan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT). Dalam prakteknya sebagian besar Notaris maupun Notaris yang merangkap jabatan sebagai PPAT menggunakan kewenangan sebagai Notaris dalam membuat SKMHT menggunakan akta Notaril, jika kita perhatiakan pada pasal 15 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris menyatakan bahwa semua kewenangan yang disebutkan dalam Pasal tersebut menjadi kewenangan dari notaris sepanjang tidak ditugaskan atau dikecualikan kepada pejabat lain atau orang lain yang ditetapkan oleh Undang-Undang. Lebih lanjut, Jika ditinjau dari Pasal 15 ayat (2) huruf (f) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris yang menegaskan bahwa Notaris dapat membuat Akta yang berkaitan dengan pertanahan. Jika ditinjau dari kata “pertanahan” itu sendiri bisa dikatakan bahwa hal tersebut masih bersifat sangat umum atau multitafsir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 302,
"width": 526,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Hak Tanggungan (UUHT) dalam pasal 15 ayat 1 UUHT menyatakan bahwa Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) tidak hanya dibuat dalam bentuk akta otentik namun pilihannya bukan hanya dengan akta notaris saja, tetapi dapat pula dibuat dengan akta PPAT. Dalam praktiknya seringkali bahkan kebiasaannya Notaris maupun Notaris yang merangkap jabatan sebagai PPAT membuat SKMHT dalam bentuk akta notaril dan tidak menggunakan jabatannya sebagai PPAT yang sudah jelas merupakan kewenangannya secara khusus sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 37 Tahun 1998 tentang Peraturan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 390,
"width": 526,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Permasalahan di atas menimbulkan disharmoni tentang kewenangan pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) karena secara yuridis kewenangan membuat Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) merupakan kewenangan Notaris sebagaimana yang diamanatkan dalam Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris namun disisi lain kewenangan membuat Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) merupakan kewenangan PPAT sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 37 Tahun 1998 tentang Peraturan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 479,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumusan Masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 491,
"width": 453,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah di atas maka dapat dirumuskan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 504,
"width": 491,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Bagaiman Kedudukan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) yang di Buat Oleh Notaris?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 518,
"width": 508,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Bagaimana Implikasi Hukum Terhadap Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggunan (SKMHT) Yang Dibuat Oleh Notaris?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 562,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 577,
"width": 526,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif. jenis penelitian hukum ini sering sebut sebagai penelitian hukum doktriner atau penelitian kepustakaan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu Pendekatan Perundang-undangan (Statute Approach), dan Pendekatan Konseptual (Conceptual Approach). Bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa bahan hukum Primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik dan Alat Pengumpulan Bahan Hukum dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui studi dokumen meliputi bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Analisis bahan hukum dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan bahan hukum dan mengidentifikasinya, maka analisis bahan hukum dilakukan dengan melakukan harmonisasi terhadap bahan hukum atau peraturan Perundang-undangan yang dijadikan dasar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 691,
"width": 137,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASI DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 705,
"width": 456,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedudukan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) yang di Buat Oleh Notaris",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 720,
"width": 526,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris yang selanjutnya disingkat dengan UUJN memberikan definisi mengenai Notaris yaitu “Notaris adalah pejabat umum yang berwenang untuk membuat akta autentik dan kewenangan lainnya sebagaimana dimaksud dalam undang-undang ini.” Dari sini jelas, bahwa Notaris dikualifikasi sebagai pejabat umum. Istilah “pejabat umum” merupakan terjemahan dari istilah “ openbare amtbtenaren” atau “public official” . Dalam kamus hukum, salah satu arti dari amtbtenaren itu adalah pejabat. Kalau dengan istilah openbare amtbtenaren adalah pejabat yang.mempunyai tugas yang bertalian dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hariyanto dan Nurmala Saputri. Analisis Yuridis Pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) oleh Notaris",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 549,
"top": 797,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "73",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 74,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kepentingan masyarakat, maka openbare amtbtenaren diartikan sebagai pejabat yang diserahi tugas untuk membuat akta autentik yang melayani kepentingan masyarakat, dan kualifikasi seperti itu diberikan kepada Notaris .4 Sebagai pejabat umum, pada prinsipnya Notaris mempunyai wewenang membuat akta autentik. Selain itu, Pasal 15 ayat (2) huruf f Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 memberikan wewenang lain kepada Notaris yang merupakan kewenangan tambahan, salah satu diantara adalah kewenangan membuat Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) sebagaimana juga diatur juga dalam Pasal 15 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 162,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akta pertanahan pada dasarnya merupakan akta yang menjadi kewenangan dari Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) namun di dalam pengaturannya tepatnya dalam Pasal 15 ayat 2 huruf f Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris menyatakan bahwa Notaris juga memiliki kewenangan dalam hal membuat akta yang berkaitan dengan pertanahan. Kewenangan ini tercantum dalam Pasal 15 ayat (2) huruf f UUJN. Secara yuridis, kewenangan ini sudah diberikan oleh Undang-Undang, akan tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya Notaris belum dapat membuat akta yang berkaitan dengan pertanahan. Pada saat ini pembuatan akta yang berhubungan dengan pertanahan yang dibuat oleh seorang Notaris masih dibatasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 251,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembatasan kewenangan yang dikarenakan ada pejabat lain yang diberikan kewenangan dalam pembuatan akta tentang pertanahan yaitu PPAT. PPAT diberikan kewenangan oleh PP Nomor 37 Tahun 1998 Jo. PP Nomor 24 Tahun 2016. Kewenangan yang diberikan kepada PPAT ini juga dapat dikatakan atribusi, hal ini dikarenakan pemberian kewenangannya langsung diberikan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan. Sebagaimana yang terjadi pada pembuatan SKMHT yang masih banyak menggunakan akta notaril. Seperti yang sudah diketahui bahwa pembuatan SKMHT ini sudah menjadi kewenangan khusus dari seorang PPAT namun pada prakteknya masih sangat banyak notaris yang menggunakan akta notaril dalam membuatnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 340,
"width": 526,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini merupakan perbenturan kewenangan yang mengakibatkan suatu peraturan menjadi disharmoni dimana pembuatan SKMHT merupakan kewenangan mutlak dari PPAT namun Notaris juga dapat membuat SKMHT berdasarkan Pasal 15 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 dan Pasal 15 ayat 2 huruf f Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang jabatan Notaris. Berdasarkan dari ketentuan yang termuat dalam Pasal 15 ayat 2 huruf f Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang jabatan Notaris, secara yuridis formal Notaris berwenang untuk membuat akta tanah termasuk SKMHT. Dapat dikatakan bahwa wewenang Notaris dalam membuat akta yang berkaitan dengan pertanahan memiliki kekuatan hukum yang kuat karena wewenang tersebut didasarkan pada Undang-Undang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 441,
"width": 526,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kewenangan Notaris dalam membuat akta tanah ini memang berbenturan dengan Kewenangan PPAT sebagai pejabat yang ditunjuk untuk itu. Meskipun perolehan kewenangan dari Notaris berdasarkan Undang-undang dan kewenangan dari PPAT hanya berdasarkan pada Peraturan Pemerintah yang dalam hirarki perundang undangan sudah barang tentu memilki kedudukan yang lebih rendah. Namun dalam kenyataannya, Notaris tidak diperkenankan membuat akta pertanahan kalau belum lulus ujian untuk diangkat menjadi Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT). Oleh karena itu, kewenangan yang dimiliki Notaris sebelum diangkat menjadi PPAT yaitu hanya berwenang sebatas membuat Perjanjian Akad Kredit yang dijaminkan oleh Debitur yang menjaminkan akta tanah sebagai jaminan penerima fasilitas kredit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 542,
"width": 526,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari urain tersebut maka pembuatan SKMHT oleh Notaris dengan menggunakan akta notaril dapat dilakukan berdasarkan Pasal 15 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan, namun harus memperhatikan dalam Undang-undang yang mengatur Notaris yakni UUJN dan tidak harus tunduk pada Pasal 96 ayat (1) PMNA/PerKaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan PerKaban Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 mengenai pedoman pengisian blanko/ formulir SKMHT dikarenakan tidak akan memberikan kepastian hukum bagi pihak yang membuatnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 616,
"width": 526,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Frasa “dibuat” sebagaimana terdapat dalam rumusan Pasal 15 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 mengandung makna bahwa Notaris yang membuat akta, baik itu berkenaan dengan bentuk dan susunan kalimatnya. Namun dalam SKMHT praktiknya Notaris tidak membuat rumusan SKMHT melainkan hanya mengisi formulir SKMHT, karena bentuk dan susunan kalimatnya sudah disediakan oleh pihak BPN. Hal ini berarti SKMHT tidak memenuhi ketentuan dan syarat sebagai suatu akta autentik. Selama ini Notaris menggunakan SKMHT buatan pihak BPN, jika tidak menggunakan bentuk dan format yang disediakan tersebut, SKMHT tersebut tidak akan diterima oleh pihak BPN. Jika hal tersebut dilakukan maka kedudukan SKMHT yang dibuat oleh Notaris akan degredasi menjadi akta di bawah tangan dan pembuktiannya menjadi tidak sempurna apabila tidak mengikuti ketentuan yang sudah diatur dalam UUJN.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 732,
"width": 526,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini juga tidak sejalan dengan kewenangan Notaris untuk membuat akta autentik dan kewenangan lainnya seperti yang diatur dalam Pasal 15 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) UUJN. Sesuai dengan ketentuan itu, Notaris bukan mengisi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 773,
"width": 522,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Habib Adjie, Hukum Notaris Indonesia (Tafsir Tematik Tehadap UU No.30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris), Refika Aditama: Bandung, 2014, hlm. 12-13",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hariyanto dan Nurmala Saputri. Analisis Yuridis Pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) oleh Notaris",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 549,
"top": 797,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "74",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 74,
"width": 526,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "akta seperti halnya mengisi SKMHT. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perlu ditelaah kembali apakah Notaris memiliki kewenangan dalam membuat SKMHT dengan akta Jadi untuk mejaga agar kedudukan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) yang dibuat oleh Notaris tidak terdegradasi menjadi akta di bawah tangan maka pembuatannya harus sesuai dengan apa yang telah diatur dalam Undang Undang Jabatan Notaris bukan tunduk pada PMNA/PerKaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan PerKaban No. 8/2012 yang merupakan pedoman pengisian SKMHT.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 163,
"width": 526,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implikasi Hukum Terhadap Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggunan (SKMHT) Yang Dibuat Oleh Notaris",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 188,
"width": 526,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kewenangan membuat SKMHT dapat dilihat dari rumusan Pasal 15 Undang-undang Nomor 4 tahun 1996 tentang Hak tanggungan yang menyatakan bahwa “SKMHT wajib dibuat dalam bentuk akta Notaris atau PPAT”. Kata wajib ini mengandung arti bahwa SKMHT wajib dituangkan dalam bentuk akta autentik. Dalam pembahasan mengenai SKMHT tentu tidak terlepas dari praktek SKMH. Mengingat objek hak tanggungan yang diatur dalam UUHT saat ini yang dulunya merupakan objek dari hypotek. Berdasarkan Pasal 171 KUHPerdata ayat (2) menyatakan bahwa” SKMHT harus dituangkan dalam bentuk akta notaril dan karenanya wewenang untuk menuangkan SKMHT dalam bentuk akta autentik hanyalah notaris saja pada waktu itu. Namun berbeda dengan sekarang bahwa kewenangan mengenai pembuatan SKMHT tidak hanya dapat dibuat oleh notaris saja melaikan oleh PPAT sebagaimana kewenangan PPAT Dalam Menuangkan Kuasa Dalam Bentuk Otentik disini, hanya sebatas SKMHT saja berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 37 Tahun 1998 Tentang Peraturan Pejabat pembuat Akta Tanah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 314,
"width": 526,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kewenangan dari pembuatan SKMHT ini masih menjadi tanda tanya besar, dikarenakan jika ditelaah kewenangan pembuatan SKMHT sudah secara khusus menjadi kewenangan dari PPAT sebagimana yang diamanatkan dalam Pasal 2 angka 7 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 37 Tahun 1998 tentang Peraturan Jabatan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah. Lebih lanjut dalam Pasal 15 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris yang menyatakan bahwa “Notaris berwenang membuat akta autentik mengenai semua perbuatan, perjanjian, dan ketetapan yang diharuskan oleh peraturan Perundang Undangan dan/atau yang dikehendaki oleh yang berkepentingan untuk dinyatakan dalam akta autentik, menjamin kepastian tanggal pembuatan akta, menyimpan akta, memberikan grosse, salinan dan kutipan akta, semuanya itu sepanjang pembuatan akta itu tidak juga ditugaskan atau dikecualikan kepada pejabat lain atau orang lain yang ditetapkan oleh Undang-Undang.”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 428,
"width": 526,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara tidak langsung kewenangan dari notaris memiliki batasan, selanjutnya pada ayat 2 huruf f menyatakan bahwa notaris berwenang membuat akta yang berkaitan dengan pertanahan, padahal seperti yang sudah kita ketahui sebelumnya bahwa akta yang berkaitan dengan pertanahan sudah tentu menjadi kewenangan dari PPAT. Kewenangan Pejabat Umum dalam hal ini Notaris dalam pembuatan SKMHT dapat mempengaruhi keabsahan dan kekuatan pembuktian dari SKMHT itu sendiri, karena apabila dalam pembuatan SKMHT terdapat cacat mengenai kewenangan pembuatan SKMHT maka hal tersebut memiliki implikasi hukum yang sangat besar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 504,
"width": 526,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam Pasal 15 angka (5) Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan ketentuan mengenai jangka waktu dengan ketentuan UUJN maka segala perbuatan hukum yang ada setelah terjadinya SKMHT akan tidak terjaga kualitas aktanya akan menjadi akta dibawah tangan. Kemudian berdasarkan Pasal 1868 KUHPerdata dinyatakan bahwa “suatu akta yang karena tidak berkuasa atau tidak cakapnya pegawai dimaksud diatas atau karena suatu cacat dalam bentuknya, tidak dapat diberlakukan sebagai akta autentik namun demikian mempunyai kekuatasn sebagai tulisan dibawah tangan jika ditandatangani para pihak”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 580,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari ketentuan yang terdapat dalam Pasal 1 angka 7 UUJN dengan dihubungkan dengan Pasal 1869 KUHPerdata maka apabila suatu akta notaris dibuat tidak sesuai dengan bentuk yang ditetapkan dalam UUJN yang dapat diartikan dibuat cacat dalam bentuknya, maka akta notaris tersebut tidak dapat diperlakukan sebagai akta autentik, namun hanya mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian sebagai akta dibawah tangan apabila ia ditanda tangani oleh para pihak. Penurunan kekuatan pembuktian akta notaris yang dibuat tidak sesuai dengan bentuk yang ditetapkan oleh UUJN juga dapat dilihat pada ketentuan Pasal 84 UUJN dimana dalam ketentuan pasal ini disebutkan pelanggaran- pelanggaran Pasal-Pasal Undang-Undang jabatan Notaris.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 669,
"width": 526,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bentuk SKMHT ternyata ditetapkan dalam bentuk isian/formulir sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 3 Tahun 1996 tentang Bentuk Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan, Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan, Buku Tanah Hak Tanggungan, dan Sertipikat Hak Tanggungan yang kemudian dipertegas lagi dalam Pasal 96 ayat (1) PMNA/PerKaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan PerKaban Nomor 8 Tahun 2012. Dalam Pasal 96 ayat (1) tersebut ditegaskan bahwa bentuk akta yang dipergunakan dalam pembuatan akta sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 95 ayat (1) dan ayat (2), dan tata cara pengisian dibuat sesuai dengan Lampiran Peraturan ini yang terdiri dari:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 757,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Akta Jual Beli;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 770,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Akta Tukar Menukar;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 782,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Akta Hibah;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hariyanto dan Nurmala Saputri. Analisis Yuridis Pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) oleh Notaris",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 549,
"top": 797,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "75",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 74,
"width": 197,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Akta Pemasukan Ke Dalam Perusahaan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 87,
"width": 158,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e. Akta Pembagian Hak Bersama;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 99,
"width": 173,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "f. Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 112,
"width": 347,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "g. Akta Pemberian Hak Guna Bangunan/Hak Pakai di atas Tanah Hak Milik;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 124,
"width": 223,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "h. Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 137,
"width": 526,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bagi PPAT tidak menjadi masalah jika dalam proses pembuatan SKMHT PPAT mengikuti bentuk SKMHT yang diatur dalam PMNA/PerKaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1996 dan PMNA/PerKaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan PerKaban Nomor 8 Tahun 2012. Tata cara pengisiannya juga harus mengikuti ketentuan yang diatur dalam peraturan Menteri tersebut. SKMHT sudah disediakan dalam bentuk isian/formulir, jadi PPAT tinggal mengisinya saja sesuai dengan petunjuk pengisian isian/formulir SKMHT yang bersangkutan. SKMHT yang dibuat oleh PPAT, bentuk aktanya harus sesuai dengan akta PPAT yang telah ditentukan berupa isian SKMHT dan harus diingat wilayah kewenangan PPAT yang bersangkutan. SKMHT dalam bentuk akta autentik tertulis merupakan suatu keharusan dan wajib dilaksanakan, PPAT hanya mengisi sesuai data pada isian SKMHT. 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 238,
"width": 526,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Walaupun tidak dinyatakan secara tegas dalam PMNA/PerKaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1996 dan PMNA/PerKaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan PerKaban Nomor 8 Tahun 2012, bentuk SKMHT yang dibuat dengan akta Notaris dengan sendirinya sudah dapat dipastikan akan mengikuti isian/formulir akta SKMHT yang telah disediakan pihak BPN tersebut, di mana Notaris tinggal mencoret kata PPAT di samping kata Notaris pada isian/formulir SKMHT yang akan dibuat dengan akta Notaris. Padahal pembuatan SKMHT oleh Notaris sudah seharusnya mengikuti bentuk dan ketentuan akta Notaris.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 314,
"width": 525,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keharusan mengikuti blangko SKMHT bagi Notaris dalam membuat SKMHT juga dijelaskan dalam Surat Edaran Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 110-1039 tanggal 18 April 1996. Dari surat edaran tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa hanya ada satu bentuk SKMHT, baik yang dibuat oleh PPAT maupun Notaris sebagaimana yang telah ditetapkan dalam PMNA/ PerKaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1996. Hal ini mengandung arti, bahwa bentuk SKMHT harus mengikuti bentuk yang ditetapkan sebagaimana dalam PMNA/PerKaban No. 3/1996. Dalam surat edaran tersebut ditegaskan, bahwa pembuatan SKMHT oleh PPAT, apalagi Notaris dilakukan dengan cara “mencontoh” bentuk SKMHT yang telah diatur dalam PMNA/ PerKaban No. 3 Tahun 1996.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 403,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini berarti hanya Notaris PPAT saja yang dapat membuat akta SKMHT. Bilamana demikian, berarti PMNA/PerKaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1996 tersebut telah tidak mengakui kewenangan Notaris (bukan selaku PPAT) untuk membuat akta SKMHT notariil, yang nota bene dibenarkan oleh Pasal 15 ayat (1) UU No. 4/1996, bahwa bukan saja SKMHT dapat dibuat dengan akta PPAT, tetapi dapat juga dibuat dengan akta Notaris. Apabila maksud dari Undang-undang Nomor 4/ Tahun 996 itu hanya wajib (dan dapat) dibuat dengan akta PPAT, sudah barang tentu tidak akan disebutkan bahwa akta itu dapat pula dibuat dengan akta Notaris, karena tidak semua Notaris adalah PPAT dan tidak semua PPAT adalah Notaris. 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 491,
"width": 526,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SKMHT, baik dilakukan dengan akta Notaris atau akta PPAT harus memuat hal-hal sesuai dengan persyaratan sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 15 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996. Dengan perkataan lain, perjanjian pemberian kuasa membebankan HT mempunyai sifat memaksa, dalam arti para pihak tidak bebas untuk menentukan sendiri, baik bentuk maupun isi dari perjanjian pembuatan akta SKMHTnya. Akibat tidak dilakukan pembuatan akta SKMHT sesuai dengan ketentuan tersebut menyebabkan akta tersebut tidak mempunyai akibat hukum atau batal demi hukum. 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 567,
"width": 526,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian terdapat perbedaan yang jelas pengertian membuat dan mengisi akta SKMHT. Kewenangan Notaris membuat akta, berarti Notaris menciptakan, melakukan, mengerjakan, atau membikin sendiri akta, bukan mengisi lembar isian/ formulir. Oleh karena itu, ketika Notaris mengisi lembar isian/formulir SKMHT, bukan berarti Notaris telah membuat akta kuasa membebankan HT. Istilah yang dipergunakan juga tidak tepat, sesuai dengan Pasal 1 angka 1 dan Pasal 15 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014, kewenangan Notaris membuat akta (autentik), bukan membuat surat sebagaimana halnya SKMHT, karena itu seharusnya judulnya “Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan” atau “Akta Membebankan Hak Tanggungan”, bukan dinamakan dengan “Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 669,
"width": 526,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suatu hal yang tidak tepat dalam memahami dan menerapkan kewenangan Notaris dalam membuat SKMHT dengan cara mengisi blangko/isian/ formulir SKMHT yang telah disediakan pihak BPN. Kewenangan Notaris dalam membuat SKMHT pada dasarnya bersumber pada undang-undang sebagaimana ditetapkan dalam UU Nomor 4 Tahun",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 726,
"width": 528,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 A.A. Andi Prajitno, Pengetahuan Praktis Tentang Apa dan Siapa Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah, Selaras: Malang, 2013, hlm. 114 . 6 Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, Hak Tanggungan: Asas-asas, Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok dan Masalah Yang Dihadapi oleh Perbankan (Suatu Kajian Mengenai Undang-Undang Hak Tanggungan, Alumni: Bandung, 1999, hlm. 109-110.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 773,
"width": 526,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 Herlien Budiono, Kumpulan Tulisan Hukum Perdata di Bidang Kenotariatan, (Citra Aditya Bakti: Bandung), 2007, hlm. 57.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hariyanto dan Nurmala Saputri. Analisis Yuridis Pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) oleh Notaris",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 549,
"top": 797,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "76",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 74,
"width": 526,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan. Notaris bukan bawahan pihak BPN, sehingga keliru kalau Notaris dalam menjalankan kewenangannya membuat SKMHT harus memakai isian/formulir SKMHT buatan pihak BPN.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 99,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Notaris mempunyai kewenangan membuat kuasa membebankan Hak Tanggungan KMHT, namun sebaliknya tidak mempunyai wewenang untuk membuat “surat” membebankan Hak Tanggungan SKMHT. Berhubung SKMHT dapat dibuat Notaris, maka bentuk kuasa membebankan Hak Tanggungan yang dibuat oleh Notaris tersebut harus sesuai dengan ketentuan pembuatan akta Notaris, tidak bisa mengikuti ketentuan pembuatan akta PPAT. Tidak ada kewajiban bagi Notaris menaati SKMHT yang disediakan pihak BPN. Pembuatan SKMHT oleh Notaris sudah seharusnya mengikuti tata cara pembuatan dan bentuk akta Notaris sebagaimana telah diatur dalam UU No. 30 Tahun 2004 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan UU No. 2 Tahun 2014.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 188,
"width": 526,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam ketentuan mengenai bagaimana bentuk blanko SKMHT yang diterbitkan oleh BPN sebagaimana PMNA/PerKaban No. 3 Tahun 1996, kemudian jika kita bandingkan dengan ketentuan-ketentuan yang terdapat dalam UUJN mengenai bentuk dari suatu akta Notaris yang memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna maka dapat kita lihat bahwa ada beberapa syarat-syarat formil dari suatu akta Notaris yang tidak terpenuhi dalam blanko SKMHT yang diterbitkan BPN-RI tersebut untuk dapat dinyatakan sebagai akta notaril yang mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian sempurna dikarenakan tidak memenuhi persyaratan sebagai akta autentik karena mengandung cacat sebagai akta autentik yaitu tidak berwenangnya Notaris dalam membuat SKMHT dengan cara mengisi blangko/isian/formulir SKMHT yang disediakan pihak BPN, bentuk SKMHT tidak ditetapkan dalam atau oleh Undang-Undang dan bentuk SKMHT tidak memenuhi syarat bentuk akta Notaris.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 302,
"width": 526,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan tidak terpenuhinya syarat-syarat formil dari suatu akta notaris dalam blanko SKMHT yang diterbitkan BPN-RI sebagaimana tersebut maka berdasarkan Pasal 1868 Jo Pasal 1869 KUHPerdata Jo Pasal 1 ayat (1) Jo Pasal 1 ayat (7) jo Pasal 38 Jo Pasal 44 jo Pasal 50 ayat (4) jo Pasal 84 UUJN maka SKMHT yang dibuat notaris dengan hanya berpedoman pada tata cara pengisian blanko SKMHT hanya mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian sebagai akta dibawah tangan apabila ditandatangai oleh para pihak. Hal ini tentu membawa akibat hukum yang sangat penting bagi sah atau tidaknya SKMHT tersebut sebagai dasar dari pembuatan APHT, dalam akta Notaris atau PPAT.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 377,
"width": 526,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian berarti Notaris tidak mempunyai kewenangan membuat atau mengisi blangko/isian/formulir SKMHT, karena tidak berwenangnya Notaris dalam membuat SKMHT, walaupun kewenangan membuat SKMHT itu bersumber pada Pasal 15 ayat (1) UU No. 4 Tahun 1996. Notaris dalam membuat SKMHT tidak dibenarkan menggunakan atau mengisi blangko /isian/formulir SKMHT yang disediakan pihak BPN, hal ini melampaui kewenangannya sebagai Notaris dalam membuat akta sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 15 ayat (1) UU No. 30 Tahun 2004 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan UU No. 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris dan Pasal 1868 BW. Notaris berkewajiban untuk membuat kuasa membebankan Hak Tanggungan tersebut dengan akta otentik lainnya, bukan dalam bentuk surat, seperti halnya SKMHT. Sehubungan dengan itu, jika Notaris bermaksud membuat kuasa membebankan Hak Tanggungan, hendaknya dituangkan dalam Akta Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan atau Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan yang sesuai dengan kewenangan Notaris untuk membuat akta, sehinggga Notaris tidak melampaui kewenangannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 517,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 529,
"width": 526,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Kedudukan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) dengan menggunakan akta notaril yang dibuat oleh Notaris terdegredasi menjadi akta dibawah tangan, dikarenakan secara khusus kewenangan pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) sudah dilimpahkan kepada Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam PP 37 tahun 1998 tentang Peraturan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT). Tindakan Notaris harus sesuai dengan apa yang telah diatur dalam Undang Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN) bukan tunduk pada PMNA/PerKaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan PerKaban Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 yang merupakan pedoman pengisian Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 630,
"width": 526,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Implikasi hukum dari pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) yang dibuat oleh Notaris dalam bentuk akta Notariil tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai pembuktian yang sempurna. Bentuk SKMHT hanya ditetapkan berdasarkan PMNA/Perkaban Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Perkaban Nomor 8 Tahun 1997. SKMHT yang dibuat dalam bentuk akta Notariil mengandung kecacatan karena tidak sesuai dengan syarat akta Notaris sebagaimana yang ditetapkan dalam Pasal 38 Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN) Kewenangan Notaris adalah membuat atau menciptakan akta, apabila Notaris membuat SKMHT dengan mengisi isian yang disediakan oleh BPN maka SKMHT yang dibuat oleh Notaris dengan cara tersebut tidak memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna, karena terdapat kecacatan dalam persyaratan sebagai akta autentik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hariyanto dan Nurmala Saputri. Analisis Yuridis Pembuatan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT) oleh Notaris",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 549,
"top": 797,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "77",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 74,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 87,
"width": 523,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buku: Adjie, Habib. Hukum Notaris Indonesia (Tafsir Tematik Tehadap UU No.30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris), Refika Aditama: Bandung. 2014.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 124,
"width": 526,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budiono, Herlien. Kumpulan Tulisan Hukum Perdata di Bidang Kenotariatan. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti. 2007. Fuady, Munir. Hukum Perkreditan Kontemporer , cet 1. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti. 1996. HS, Salim, Pengantar Hukum Perdata Tertulis (BW) . Jakarta: Sinar grafika. 2011. Prajitno , A.A. Andi. Pengetahuan Praktis Tentang Apa dan Siapa Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah. Malang: Selaras. 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 188,
"width": 526,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sjahdeini , Sutan Remy. Hak Tanggungan: Asas-asas, Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok dan Masalah Yang Dihadapi oleh Perbankan (Suatu Kajian Mengenai Undang-Undang Hak Tanggungan. Bandung: Alumni. 1999. Sjahdeini, Remy. Hak Tanggungan . Jakarta: Penerbit alumni. 1999.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 239,
"width": 160,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Perundang-undangan:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 263,
"width": 526,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Republik Indonesia, Undang-undang No. 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok Pokok Agraria . Republik Indonesia, Undang-undang No. 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan Atas Tanah. Beserta Benda-Benda Yang Terkait dengan tanah .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 301,
"width": 528,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Republik Indonesia, Undang-Undang No.2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jabatan Notaris. Republik Indonesia, Peraturan Pemerintah No. 37 1998 j0 PP 24 2016 tentang Tugas Kewenangan PPAT. Departemen Pertanahan, Peraturan Menteri Negara Agrarian/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasioanal (BPN) No. 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Penetapan Batas Waktu Penggunaan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan. Departemen Pertanahan, Peraturan Menteri Negara Agrarian/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasioanal (BPN) No. 8 Tahun 2012 tentang Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
187cf5df-97bb-0d10-e837-7e5a9c39b67b | https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR/article/download/1194/731 | [
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 200,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-4, Issue-3, 2020 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 782,
"width": 352,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Page 291",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 121,
"width": 465,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN THE CLASSROOM FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 135,
"width": 350,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "OF THE ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ SOFT SKILL THROUGH",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 219,
"top": 149,
"width": 174,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EFFECTIVE TEAM BUILDING",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 193,
"top": 174,
"width": 224,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Surjawati 1) , RR Dian Indriana Tri Lestari 2)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 198,
"top": 190,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faculty of Economics, Semarang University",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 201,
"width": 166,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 215,
"width": 166,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 245,
"width": 470,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract : An accounting education graduate is required to master hard skills and soft skills. In terms of mastering soft skills in the accounting profession, it means to work together as a team. This soft skill provision is obtained through effective learning methods by forming a team that is given the assignment to solve a problem and accounts for it through presentations. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines for lecturers to build effective teams for students. This study uses a descriptive experimental approach conducted by researchers in 5th semester students with Business Mixing Accounting courses. Team formation refers to McGrath’s Model framework. This model includes the input, process, and output stages. The input phase emphasizes the quality of the teams from various inputs. The larger the team, the more personality types, and time variations will be accommodated and the more conflicts that will be faced. The stage of the process includes how members deal with conflict and make conflict a success. The output stage includes criteria for measuring group performance results and other measures such as member performance satisfaction, group cohesiveness at the end of the task, and changes in member behavior to be better.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 477,
"width": 315,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Soft Skill, Effective Team Building, McGrath’s Model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 523,
"width": 111,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 537,
"width": 471,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The mastery of soft skills and hard skills is required for an accounting graduate. The mastery of hard skills is related to the mastery of knowledge in their fields, while soft skills are the ability to work in teams, the ability to analyze and to think logically, and the ability to work in the interdependence situation. The world of work believes that superior human resources are those who do not only possess the skills of hard skills , but also an expert in soft skill aspects. Based on the survey conducted by the business community in Indonesia, graduate users need higher education graduates who have adequate soft skills than graduates who only have hard skills in the form of high intellectual intelligence.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 647,
"width": 471,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Therefore, the educators’ accountant is demanded by various professional bodies to develop the accounting students’ soft skills from an early age, specifically the ability of students to work in a team. Practitioners or professionals and entrepreneurs, management accountants, public accountants, internal auditors, and the Indonesian Accountant Association, all emphasize the importance of team-building skills. The results of a survey in America conducted by the Management Accountant Association together with the Financial Accountant Association show that companies need prospective employees (accountants) who have team-building skills compared to those who do not have these skills (Segel and Sorensen, 1994 in Se Tin 2007).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 200,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-4, Issue-3, 2020 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 782,
"width": 352,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Page 292",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 121,
"width": 471,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Various professional institutions and organizations have also facilitated their employees to work in teams. The American Institute of Public Accountants (AICPA) also stresses the importance of team-building among the accountants. The competencies expected from its members are personal competence, functional competence, and competence from a broad business perspective. AICPA explains that specific personal competencies are that professional accountants must be able to work in teams and have team-building skills. The aim is that accountants succeed in achieving the organizational goals, can become valuable business partners in the organization, and can provide business solutions for the organization. (AICPA, 2005) defines someone who has competence in the context of teamwork is someone who: (1) recognizes the value of diversity or differences in each person associated with their work, (2) has a commitment to achieve common goals when working in teams, (3) willing to accept advice and guidance from leaders and other members, and (4) respect and facilitate team expectations.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 287,
"width": 471,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "It is not easy to learn and practice these competencies. These competencies must be developed continuously in students so that they become habits and values that are embedded in students. Therefore, the role of lecturers is to facilitate the growth of these competencies from an early age through assignments in classrooms where the completion process by students is specifically designed by lecturers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 356,
"width": 471,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The application of soft skills in the classroom can be done by giving more presentation assignments and group discussions to hone the ability to communicate and to cooperate (Nina, 2008). The demands in the business world that emphasize the importance of soft skills in work, require educator accountants to provide soft skills to their students. This provision can be done in the learning process by forming a team that is given a special assignment for one semester. The learning system is done by giving more presentation assignments and group discussions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 453,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Previous Research",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 466,
"width": 471,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This kind of research has ever been carried out by (Surjawati, Indriana, & Nafasati, 2010) who applied the model in Advanced Accounting II in the 5th-semester students majoring in Accounting at the University of Semarang. This application is applied to the 5th-semester students with the consideration that they have already created a discussion group in the previous semester, besides that the researcher also teaches this course so that she can directly apply the application from the third meeting to the end of the lecture. The results showed that all respondents amounted to 26 students felt positive things related to the attitude changes and succeeded in reducing negative traits in themselves while they worked in the new team.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 577,
"width": 471,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The study of (Setyawan, Priyono, & Iswanji, 2017) applied the effective team building in the fourth-semester students majoring in accounting at Tidar Magelang University in the Financial Management course in the even semester 2016/2017. Total students who became respondents were 40 students. The assignments given to the team are projects in the form of making proposals and mini-research . The results of the application model show that the majority of respondents feel positive about the changing attitudes and succeed in reducing negative feelings while working in the new team. Respondents felt pleased and happy working in the new team and felt the significant difference between the group assignments that had been carried out and the experience of working in the new team.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 701,
"width": 471,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Noviyanti & Gatot, 2010) also examined the Soft Skills Optimization of Bina Nusantara Accounting Students Through Effective Team Building : Experimental Approach. Their research analyzes the differences in team formation methods, among the team whose members are chosen by themselves without intervention from the lecturer, the team whose members are chosen by",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 200,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-4, Issue-3, 2020 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 782,
"width": 352,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Page 293",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 121,
"width": 470,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "students with the intervention of the lecturer, and the team designed by the lecturer. The results show that the most effective method is the team formed by the lecturer.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 149,
"width": 471,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Fapohunda, 2013) article with the title Towards Effective Team Building in The Workplace emphasizes the importance of team building in the business world today that can be used to stimulate productivity, profitability, and quality of services provided. A team is a group of people who work together for a certain purpose. The forming of a team consists of several stages such as clarification of team goals, identification of obstacles to achieve the goals, identification of challenges, and possibilities in achieving goals.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 232,
"width": 471,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Saraswati & Shilpi, 2015) from Jagannath University, Jaipur researched the title The Impact of Team Building Exercises on Team Effectiveness . The important findings in this study proved that team-building training had a positive impact on forming an effective team. The basic theory used in this study is the theory of organizational behavior that distinguishes teams and groups.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 301,
"width": 470,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Bryan & Albring, 2006) created a guideline to build an effective team for accounting students by using McGrath's Model. This model covers the stages of input, process, and output.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 706,
"width": 321,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: Adapted from Greenberg (1996, 181) and Robbins (1997)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 733,
"width": 250,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 1. Groups and Teams Classification Scheme",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 347,
"width": 352,
"height": 343,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Formal Groups Does the group function as a “team” Command Groups Teams Task Groups Problem Solving Teams Self Managed Teams",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 403,
"top": 663,
"width": 77,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cross-Functional Teams",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 200,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-4, Issue-3, 2020 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 782,
"width": 352,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Page 294",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 435,
"width": 253,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 2. Mc Grath’s Model of Group Effectiveness",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 477,
"width": 139,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. RESEARCH METHOD Instrument",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 504,
"width": 471,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The researchers provide applications by showing examples of how to build effective teams in the classroom by using McGrath’s Model and following the 12-step guidelines developed by (Bryan & Albring, 2006) and developing and modifying what the researchers did according to the conditions of the students in the classroom. These steps include:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 559,
"width": 452,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Lecturers must divide the students equally into groups based on their expertise and abilities.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 587,
"width": 452,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Lecturers must divide the students who do not like working in teams equally, into groups.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 601,
"width": 453,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Lecturers must divide students into groups by paying attention to the aspirations/input from the students.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 628,
"width": 396,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Lecturers must form teams by paying attention to gender and cultural balance.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 642,
"width": 453,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5) Each team must form a coordinating team that is responsible to manage the team while carrying out the task, and being a mediator between the team and the lecturer.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 670,
"width": 453,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6) The lecturer must require each team member to write and to sign a team contract in the first meeting.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 697,
"width": 452,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7) Lecturers must form a team with the number of members from 4 to 7 people to increase individual responsibility and to reduce social loafing.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 725,
"width": 443,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8) Lecturers must calculate the student grades based on a mixed incentive grading scheme.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 169,
"width": 100,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Individual-Level Factors",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 188,
"width": 127,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " The Pattern of Member Skills",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 213,
"width": 54,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Attitudes",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 226,
"width": 124,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Personality Characteristics",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 261,
"width": 107,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Environment-Level Factor",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 280,
"width": 124,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Group Task Characteristics",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 293,
"width": 88,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Reward Structure",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 306,
"width": 109,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Level of Environmental",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 279,
"width": 241,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Stress Group Interaction Process",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 357,
"width": 104,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Group-Level Factors Structure",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 389,
"width": 112,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Level of “cohesiveness”",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 402,
"width": 61,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Group-Size",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 410,
"top": 169,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Performance",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 182,
"width": 45,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Outcomes",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 389,
"top": 201,
"width": 93,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Performance quality",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 389,
"top": 214,
"width": 81,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Speed to solution",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 389,
"top": 227,
"width": 81,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Number of errors",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 319,
"width": 71,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Others Outcome",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 396,
"top": 338,
"width": 95,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Member Satisfaction",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 396,
"top": 351,
"width": 36,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Group",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 366,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Cohesiveness”",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 129,
"width": 195,
"height": 285,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Attitude Changes Sociometric Structure PROCESS",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 131,
"width": 29,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INPUT",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 410,
"top": 129,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "OUTPUT",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 200,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-4, Issue-3, 2020 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 782,
"width": 352,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Page 295",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 121,
"width": 453,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9) The lecturers must act as the team coach, providing specific guidance at the beginning, middle, and end of the assignment.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 149,
"width": 453,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10) Lecturers must facilitate the exercises that can build an effective team so that the team can complete the tasks according to the expected time, be able to build trust among members, help them overcome the conflicts, achieve commitment and responsibility, and are interdependent and focus on the results with the high quality.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 204,
"width": 453,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11) Lecturers must use the grading rubric to score with the belief of consistency and ranking of team results.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 232,
"width": 446,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12) Lecturers must prepare the team and its measurement tools to measure team satisfaction.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 259,
"width": 92,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Research Subject",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 273,
"width": 471,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The application is applied to the students majoring in Accounting who are taking the Business Mixing Accounting course at the Faculty of Economics of Semarang University. The researchers’ reason chose these subjects was because they were the lecturers of the course, making it easier for the researchers to give assignments and try to practice effective team building in the classroom. The selection of the 5 th -semester students as the subjects was because they had also ever worked in a team previously. The students were divided into groups with several members from 6 to 8 people. Each team will be given an assignment that they must do and present in the class. This assignment starts in the third week to two weeks before the lecture ends in that semester. Next, the team must make a report on the assignment and present the results in the class.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 411,
"width": 471,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "During one semester the lecture consists of 16 meetings, including the evaluation of the Mid Semester Exam and the Final Semester Exam. At the first meeting, the lecturer will hold a lecture contract with the students, the topic discussed is the rules of lecture for the course in one semester, syllabus courses, learning methods, books used as references, ways of evaluation and types of evaluation. At the second meeting, the lecturers explain the theory and give team assignments to the students. Then, in the third week, the students who have joined the team prepare a paper for discussion, and so on.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 522,
"width": 168,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 535,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1. Research Result",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 549,
"width": 471,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The application of effective team building is implemented for the accounting students of the 5 th -semester of Semarang University who are taking the Business Mixing Accounting course. The total students who became respondents were 149 students who were divided into 3 classes, they are A, B, and C. The project provided was making paper and clipping about Business Mixing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 618,
"width": 471,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In each class the students are divided into 8 groups, each group consists of 6 to 8 students. The distribution of the students into each group was intervened by the lecturers with the help of the class leaders. The team formation takes into account individual-level factors and group-level factors. Individual-level factors include the abilities, attitudes, and personality traits and aspirations or input from the students. Group level factors include gender and cultural balance structures, and the appointment of a team coordinator and group size. After the team is formed, to get a better recognition among the team members can be obtained at the time of giving the assignment that must be done as a team. The task as a team began to be presented at the third meeting, namely the task of the first team, to make a paper on Business Mixing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 200,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-4, Issue-3, 2020 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 782,
"width": 352,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Page 296",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 121,
"width": 471,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Project assessment uses a mixed incentive model, where the lecturers give scores for each team paper and individual score for the presentation so that each member will get a different score. In the last meeting of the lecture, the best team was selected in each class and the best team was given appreciation by the lecturer.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 176,
"width": 471,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "At the end of this team-building process, the students are asked to fill out forms containing questions about: (1) their feelings in completing this project with a new team; (2) the real difference felt between group assignments that have been carried out so far with the experience of working on a new team; (3) the positive things related to attitude changes experienced in the new team; (4) negative things that have been eliminated or reduced while working on the new team; (5) their opinion about the characteristics of the ideal team and (6) what steps the lecturers should improve in forming a team.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 301,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2. Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 314,
"width": 470,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The followings are the results of the final section in the team-building process that contains the questions answered by the respondents.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 356,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Question 1:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 370,
"width": 319,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "How do you feel about completing a project with a new team?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 384,
"width": 370,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amount Happy Unhappy/ Displeased/ Uncomfortable Respondent 133 16 Percentage 89,26 % 10,74%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 479,
"width": 471,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of the study prove that as many as 10.74% of respondents, namely 16 out of 149 respondents described that they felt awkward, uncomfortable, and were less able to work in a new team. Meanwhile, as many as 89.26% or 133 out of 149 respondents stated that they liked working in the new team for various reasons which can be summarized as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 534,
"width": 301,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Can learn to understand the different characters of friends.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 548,
"width": 161,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Get a lot of new experiences.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 562,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Can cooperate well.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 576,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Unified.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 589,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Get different insights.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 603,
"width": 122,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Get a new challenge.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 617,
"width": 221,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Every team member participates actively.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 631,
"width": 212,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8. The task is completed well and on time.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 645,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9. Comfortable.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 658,
"width": 200,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10. Can bring different thoughts together",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 200,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-4, Issue-3, 2020 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 782,
"width": 352,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Page 297",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 121,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Question 2:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 135,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "What is the real difference felt by the respondents between the group tasks that have ever been carried out and the respondent's experience in working with a new team?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 163,
"width": 399,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amount There is a significant difference There is no significant difference Respondent 138 11 Percentage 92,62 % 7,38 %",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 245,
"width": 471,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The findings in this study were 7.38% of respondents, namely 11 out of 149 respondents stated that there was no significant difference between the experiences in the groups they had lived with and the new team. While 92.62% of respondents, namely 138 out of 149 respondents stated that there were significant differences in doing the previous group tasks and working in a new team. They argue that in the new team they feel:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 314,
"width": 101,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. More motivated.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 327,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. There is a fair distribution of tasks.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 341,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Do the task effectively.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 355,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Help one another.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 369,
"width": 100,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. More discipline.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 397,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Question 3:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 411,
"width": 471,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "What positive things (related to attitude changes) obtained/felt by the respondents while working in a new team?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 438,
"width": 363,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amount Experiencing positive things No answer Respondent 148 1 Percentage 99,33 % 0,067%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 520,
"width": 470,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the study, there was 1 respondent who did not comment on this question, as many as 148 respondents stated that they experienced positive things related to the formation of the new team. These positive things can be summarized as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 561,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Getting to know a friend's character.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 575,
"width": 240,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. More diligent, discipline, on time, and active.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 589,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. More confidence during the presentation.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 603,
"width": 118,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. More responsibility.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 617,
"width": 76,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. More solid.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 630,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. More patients and can suppress the ego.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 644,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. More able to work with teammates.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 658,
"width": 166,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8. More enthusiasm for learning.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 672,
"width": 105,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9. Having initiative.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 686,
"width": 114,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10. A more open mind.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 699,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11. Better communication.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 713,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12. More adaptable.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 727,
"width": 182,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13. Easier to understand the material.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 200,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-4, Issue-3, 2020 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 782,
"width": 352,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Page 298",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 121,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Question 4:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 135,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "What negative things have been eliminated/reduced successfully while working in a new team?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 163,
"width": 393,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amount Answers relevant to the questions Answers irrelevant to the questions Respondent 143 6 Percentage 95,97% 4, 027%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 258,
"width": 471,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of the study showed as many as 143 respondents or as many as 95, 97% of respondents stated that they successfully eliminated the negative traits after they joined the new team. While 6 respondents, or equal to 4, 027% of respondents gave answers that were not relevant to the question. The negative things that have been eliminated or reduced successfully while working in a new team can be summarized as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 327,
"width": 161,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. The nature of delaying work.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 341,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Unconfident.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 355,
"width": 57,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Selfish.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 368,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Shy.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 382,
"width": 87,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Irresponsible.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 396,
"width": 184,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Unrespect the opinions of friends.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 410,
"width": 48,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Lazy.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 424,
"width": 178,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8. Less able to mingle with friends.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 438,
"width": 178,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9. Depends on friends (dependent).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 451,
"width": 259,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10. Doing tasks using the overnight speeding system.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 465,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11. Quiet / lack of communication.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 479,
"width": 111,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12. Lack of discipline.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 493,
"width": 74,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13. Emotional.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 507,
"width": 70,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14. Impatient.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 520,
"width": 72,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15. Dominant.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 534,
"width": 118,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16. Lack of enthusiasm.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 548,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17. Ignorant.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 576,
"width": 323,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Question 5: What do you think about the characteristics of the ideal team?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 604,
"width": 340,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amount Giving opinion Do not give an opinion Respondent 100 0 Percentage 100% 0%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 685,
"width": 471,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of the study explained that 100% of respondents gave their opinions on this question. In general, their opinions about the ideal team are related to good things, which can be summarized as written below. According to them, the ideal team is a team that:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 727,
"width": 453,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Team members try to understand the character of friends, help each other and cooperate, responsible, mutual understanding among the team members.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 200,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-4, Issue-3, 2020 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 782,
"width": 352,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Page 299",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 121,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Good team leadership.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 135,
"width": 128,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Good communication.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 149,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Unified and trust each other.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 163,
"width": 284,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Share tasks, discuss, and try to achieve common goals.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 176,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Punctual in completing assignments.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 190,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Can suppress the ego.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 204,
"width": 139,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8. Tolerant with the others.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 218,
"width": 154,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9. Complementing each other.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 232,
"width": 114,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10. Good coordination.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 259,
"width": 385,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Question 6: What scenarios that must be improved by the lecturers in forming a team?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 287,
"width": 431,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amount No opinion Irrelevant answer Team was chosen by students Randomized Good Respondent 6 14 5 15 109 Percentage 4,03 % 9,39% 3,36% 10,07% 73,15%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 382,
"width": 470,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of this study contained 6 respondents who did not give opinions, 14 respondents gave answers that were not relevant to the question, 5 respondents still wanted team members to be chosen by students themselves, 15 respondents thought that the team selection scenario by lecturers needed to be randomized and 109 respondents stated that the team organized as well.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 465,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 479,
"width": 470,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the application results of forming an effective team on 3 classes of accounting students in Business MixingAccounting course, the following conclusions can be drawn:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 507,
"width": 471,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Respondents thought that they felt awkward when cooperated in the new team for the first time by less than 11%, while around 89% felt happy and experienced positive things during cooperated in the new team.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 548,
"width": 471,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Respondents stated that there was no significant difference between the new team and the team they had felt before by less than 8%, while more than 92% of respondents stated that they experienced the significant difference between the new team and the previous team. In the new team, they feel more motivated to cooperate, gain new insights, and can understand the character of different friends better.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 617,
"width": 471,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Respondents experienced positive things while cooperating with the new team, such as they felt more energized, more able to suppress selfishness, learn to be more patient, gain insight, be more open-minded, and so on by almost 100%. Besides, they also succeeded to eliminate negative traits, such as being unpunctual, being selfish, impatient, unconfident, and other negative traits.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 686,
"width": 471,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Respondents gave opinions about the formation of an ideal team of 100%. According to them, the ideal team is a team in which there are: (a) Mutual understanding of the characteristics among the team members, (b) Good leadership, (c) Mutual tolerance, (d) Good communication, (e) Having the same opinion in achieving common goals, (f) Unified and trust each other.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 200,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-4, Issue-3, 2020 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771 http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 782,
"width": 352,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Page 300",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 121,
"width": 277,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the research results, it can provide urgency for:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 135,
"width": 275,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Lecturers who are teaching in Accounting department",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 149,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of this study can be used as guidelines for the lecturers in the accounting department in forming a team. The formation of the team in the course being taught can refer to the 12 steps that have been carried out in this study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 190,
"width": 195,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Managers of Accounting Department",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 204,
"width": 457,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To apply this research properly, the managers of the Accounting department must equate the perceptions about the importance of soft skills provision for the accounting students. If there is a common perception, then the concept of team building can be done in all courses where the learning method is by carrying out team building.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 273,
"width": 471,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research has a limitation, namely this research has not compared the design of a team based on McGrath's Model (a team designed by the lecturer) with a team design based on a self- organizing system (students choose their members and manage their groups without the intervention from the lecturer). Therefore, for further research, it is recommended to apply the team with two different designs, based on McGrath's Model and based on self-organized system, and the results can be compared.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 383,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 411,
"width": 467,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AICPA. (2005). American Institute of Certified Public Accounting Core Competence . http://www.aicpa/org/edu/corecomp.htm.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 447,
"width": 470,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bryan, S., & Albring. (2006). Effective Team Building : Guidance for Accounting Educator. Journal of Accounting Education .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 482,
"width": 470,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fapohunda, T. M. (2013). Toward Effective Team Building The Workplace. International Journal of Education 1(4) , 1-12.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 518,
"width": 470,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Noviyanti, & Gatot, S. (2010). Optimalisasi Softskill Mahasiswa Akuntansi UBINUS Melalui Effective Team Building : Pendekatan Eksperimental. Binus Business Review 1(1) , 50- 65.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 567,
"width": 470,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saraswati, M., & Shilpi, K. (2015). Impact of Team Building Excercises on team Effectiveness. International Journal of Marketing and Human Resource Management. 6(1) , 89-96.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 603,
"width": 470,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setyawan, S., Priyono, N., & Iswanji, C. (2017). Pembentukan Softskill Mahasiswa Akuntansi Melalui Effective Team Building dalam Kelas : Sebuah Aplikasi McGrath Model.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 638,
"width": 470,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Surjawati, Indriana, D., & Nafasati, F. (2010). Membentuk Softskill Mahasiswa Akuntansi Melalui Effective Team Building dalam Ruang Kelas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 674,
"width": 470,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sutrisno, B. (2017). Profil Model Pembelajaran Softskill pada SMK Bidang Ekonomi di Surakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 710,
"width": 470,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zahroti, E. N. (2015). Membentuk Softskill Mahasiswa Akuntansi Melalui Effective Team Building dalam Ruang Kelas.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
0189aee4-4b95-6e17-7ea9-fce2793966a1 | http://ji.unbari.ac.id/index.php/ilmiah/article/download/4515/1843 | [
{
"left": 70,
"top": 36,
"width": 269,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 52,
"width": 254,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembaga Penellitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol 23, No 3 (2023): Oktober, 2987-2993 DOI: 10.33087/jiubj.v23i3.4515",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 36,
"width": 166,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-4236, p-ISSN : 1411-8939",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 797,
"width": 25,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2987",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 107,
"width": 430,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peran Pejabat Eksekutif sebagai Pelaksana Fungsi Kepatuhan dalam Penerapan Prinsip Good Corporate Governance pada PT. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 173,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dicky Jaya Mahendra*, Edith Ratna",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 187,
"width": 229,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Magister Kenotariatan Universitas Diponegoro Semarang *Correspondence: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 221,
"width": 454,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak. Seseorang yang bekerja sebagai pejabat eksekutif adalah individu yang dipilih untuk melaksanakan tanggung jawab kepatuhan di suatu perusahaan, terutama di BPR. Mereka memiliki kewajiban yang langsung bertanggung jawab kepada Direktur perusahaan. Pelaksanaan kewajiban kepatuhan memegang peranan yang sangat signifikan dalam memastikan bahwa BPR menjalankan program kerjanya sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Menurut Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 4/POJK.03/2015 tentang Penerapan Tata Kelola Bagi Bank Perkreditan Rakyat, disebutkan bahwa unit atau pejabat yang bertugas untuk memastikan perusahaan mematuhi aturan harus mengelola tanggung jawab mereka dengan memastikan kesesuaian kerja dengan peraturan, dan menyampaikan laporan ini kepada Direktur. Dalam penelitian ini, PT perusahaan. Akan berpusat. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto telah memenuhi tugas kepatuhannya dengan menunjuk eksekutif yang telah terbukti melalui laporan mengenai Good Corporate Governance yang telah disampaikan. Laporan ini mencerminkan prinsip akuntabilitas yang dijalankan oleh bank tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 359,
"width": 346,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : pejabat eksekutif, fungsi kepatuhan, prinsip good corporate governance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 382,
"width": 454,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract. Executive officers are officials who are elected to carry out compliance duties in the company, especially in rural banks, and are directly responsible to the Director. Carrying out tasks is very important for BPR so that the work program complies with applicable regulations. Based on the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 4/POJK.03/2015 Implementation regarding Governance for Rural Banks, it is stated that the work unit or executive officer assigned to ensure company compliance must carry out management related to compliance with regulations, and then report it to Director. In this study, the company PT. will be specific. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto has carried out its compliance duties by appointing executives who are proven through the submitted Good Corporate Governance reports, which reflect the principle of accountability.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 497,
"width": 358,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: executive officers, compliance function, good corporate governance principles.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 521,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 534,
"width": 219,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bank Indonesia menjelaskan bahwa risiko kepatuhan merujuk pada kemungkinan bank tidak mematuhi peraturan dan ketentuan yang berlaku dengan tepat, dan tidak melaksanakannya secara benar. Sementara itu, ada juga yang menjelaskan bahwa Risiko kepatuhan adalah hasil dari tidak mematuhi atau tidak melaksanakan regulasi dan keputusan yang berlaku, karena dalam praktiknya, risiko kepatuhan terkait dengan risiko perbankan yang berkaitan dengan peraturan perundang- undangan. Menurut pakar di bidang perbankan, kekurangtelitian yang ditunjukan oleh Lembaga perbankan nasional dalam melaksanakan peran dan fungsi kepatuhan yang diperlukan dalam kerangka system perbankan nasional pada periode tersebut dapat dijelaskan dengan sejumlah factor, seperti pengawasan internal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 521,
"width": 219,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang tidak memadai, pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh pemilik atau manajemen bank, kurangnya ketaatan terhadap aturan prinsip kehati-hatian, kelalaian dalam mengelola bisnis, dan berbagai tindakan tidak semestinya yang disengaja. Penjelasan tentang risiko dan pentingnya pelaksanaan fungsi kepatuhan di sektor perbankan, terutama di Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR), Otoritas Jasa Keuangan sebagai regulator perbankan mengharuskan BPR untuk menjalankan fungsi kepatuhan dengan mendirikan unit kerja khusus atau menunjuk pejabat eksekutif, sesuai dengan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 4/POJK.03/2015 tentang Tata Kelola di BPR. Penting untuk melaksanakan hal ini karena kepatuhan yang baik adalah faktor krusial dalam mencapai tata kelola BPR yang baik sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 454,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dicky Jaya Mahendra dan Edith Ratna, Peran Pejabat Eksekutif sebagai Pelaksana Fungsi Kepatuhan dalam Penerapan Prinsip Good Corporate Governance pada PT. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 501,
"top": 797,
"width": 25,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2988",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 87,
"width": 219,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini mengadopsi metode pendekatan yuridis normatif atau penelitian hukum yang hanya berfokus pada analisis bahan pustaka, yang dikenal juga sebagai penelitian hukum kepustakaan (Mamuji, 2007). Penelitian normatif yuridis melibatkan konsep bahwa hukum terdiri dari peraturan-peraturan tertulis atau ketentuan-ketentuan yang dianggap sebagai pedoman perilaku yang tepat bagi manusia. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini berfokus pada perundang-undangan (Asikin, 2006) yang merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif yang mencerminkan peraturan hukum yang berlaku yang terhubung dengan teori-teori hukum dari implementasi praktik hukum positif yang terkait dengan isu-isu dalam penelitian ini (Soemitro, 1999). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dan menggambarkan peran yang dimainkan oleh pejabat eksekutif dalam menjalankan tugas kepatuhan dalam menerapkan prinsip-prinsip good corporate governance di PT tersebut. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto adalah sebuah lembaga keuangan di Purwokerto",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 404,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 416,
"width": 219,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peran Pejabat Eksekutif Sebagai Pelaksana Fungsi Kepatuhan Pada BPR di Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 442,
"width": 219,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem satu tingkat banyak digunakan di negara-negara berbahasa Inggris seperti Amerika Serikat, Inggris, Kanada, dan Australia. Di negara-negara Eropa daratan seperti Jerman dan Belanda, two-tier system sering digunakan. Indonesia menggunakan sistem two-tier dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan. Dalam sistem satu tingkat, kedudukan dewan pengawas dan kedudukan dewan eksekutif digabungkan dalam satu entitas. Wadah ini dikenal sebagai dewan direksi (BOD) (Susanti, 2017). Fungsi kepatuhan dalam perbankan dapat dituangkan dalam sepuluh prinsip kepatuhan menurut BASEL Committee yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan fungsi kepatuhan perbankan antara lain: (Novita, 2019)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 644,
"width": 219,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Tugas Komite Direksi (BoD) bank yaitu mengelola pengelolaan risiko yang terkait dengan kepatuhan bank, dengan demikian mengurangi risiko-risiko terhadap kepatuhan bank.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 707,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Tugas utama dari pejabat eksekutif bank adalah memastikan pengelolaan risiko kepatuhan bank berjalan dengan baik dan efisien.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 758,
"width": 219,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Para pejabat eksekutif di bank bertugas untuk",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 75,
"width": 205,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "merancang dan menyampaikan kebijakan kepatuhan guna memastikan bahwa tindakan tersebut terus dipantau, dievaluasi, dan dilaporkan kepada Dewan Direksi sebagai langkah pengelolaan risiko kepatuhan bank.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 138,
"width": 220,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Pejabat eksekutif bank memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menciptakan keberhasilan dan kelangsungan fungsi kepatuhan dalam rangka kebijakan kepatuhan perusahaan secara efektif dan berkelanjutan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 201,
"width": 220,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Dengan kemajuan yang pesat, kita sekarang dapat melakukan banyak hal yang sebelumnya tidak mungkin dilakukan. Teknologi telah merubah cara kita bekerja, belajar, berkomunikasi, dan bersosialisasi. Meskipun ada beberapa kekhawatiran terkait pengaruh teknologi terhadap kehidupan kita, tidak dapat disangkal bahwa perkembangan teknologi telah memberikan banyak manfaat bagi kita. Bank harus memiliki fungsi kepatuhan yang bekerja secara independen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 340,
"width": 220,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Kepatuhan bank harus memiliki sumber daya yang cukup untuk melaksanakan tugas dan kewajibannya dengan efektif.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 378,
"width": 220,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Fungsi kepatuhan bank bertanggung jawab membantu pejabat eksekutif dalam efektif mengelola risiko kepatuhan yang dihadapi oleh bank.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 429,
"width": 220,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8. Saling keterkaitan antara audit internal yang perlu fokus pada berbagai aspek dari kepatuhan, membuatnya harus menjalani peninjauan secara rutin oleh fungsi audit internal.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 492,
"width": 220,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9. Permasalahan yang melibatkan transaksi antarnegara, di mana bank harus mematuhi hukum dan peraturan yang berlaku di semua wilayah hukum di mana bisnis dan organisasi dijalankan. Selain itu, struktur dan fungsi kepatuhan haruslah sesuai dengan hukum dan persyaratan yang berlaku di daerah tersebut, dan semua tanggung jawab harus konsisten dengan hukum dan persyaratan lokal.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 606,
"width": 220,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10. Dalam hal outsourching, kepatuhan harus sejalan dengan aktivitas manajemen risiko bank.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 644,
"width": 219,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pejabat Eksekutif merujuk pada posisi dalam sebuah organisasi yang memiliki tanggung jawab langsung kepada Direksi atau berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan dan operasional BPR. Contohnya antara lain adalah pemimpin kantor cabang, kepala divisi, kepala bagian, kepala satuan kerja audit intern, atau pejabat yang ditugaskan untuk mengawasi pelaksanaan fungsi audit intern, manajer, dan pejabat dengan posisi setara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 454,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dicky Jaya Mahendra dan Edith Ratna, Peran Pejabat Eksekutif sebagai Pelaksana Fungsi Kepatuhan dalam Penerapan Prinsip Good Corporate Governance pada PT. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 501,
"top": 797,
"width": 25,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2989",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut ketentuan Pasal 51 Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 4/POJK.03/2015 tentang Penerapan Tata Kelola Bagi Bank Perkreditan Rakyat, disebutkan bahwa Bank Perkreditan Rakyat harus memastikan bahwa mereka mematuhi peraturan yang ditetapkan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan undang-undang lainnya. Selanjutnya, Pasal 52 ayat (1) menunjukkan bahwa untuk memastikan kepatuhan sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam Pasal 51, Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) harus memiliki Direksi yang bertanggung jawab atas fungsi kepatuhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 239,
"width": 219,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bagi BPR dengan modal inti kurang dari Rp50.000.000.000,00 (lima puluh miliar rupiah), mereka harus membentuk unit kepatuhan yang terpisah dan independen dari unit operasional. Untuk BPR dengan modal inti di bawah Rp50.000.000.000,00 (lima puluh miliar rupiah), harus memilih Pejabat Eksekutif yang bebas untuk mengawasi operasional BPR dan memenuhi persyaratan kepatuhan. Lalu, Satuan kerja kepatuhan dan Pejabat Eksekutif bertanggung jawab secara langsung kepada anggota Direksi yang memiliki tanggung jawab atas fungsi kepatuhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 404,
"width": 219,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Satuan tugas kepatuhan atau Pejabat Eksekutif yang bertanggung jawab atas penegakan kepatuhan harus membuat panduan kerja, sistem, dan prosedur kepatuhan. Tugas dan tanggung jawab anggota Direksi yang mengawasi aspek kepatuhan adalah memastikan bahwa BPR telah memenuhi semua peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya yang terkait dengan prinsip kehati-hatian. Mereka juga bertanggung jawab untuk memonitor dan menjaga agar kegiatan usaha BPR tetap sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, serta memantau dan memastikan kepatuhan BPR terhadap semua komitmen yang telah dibuat kepada Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 606,
"width": 219,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam hal pertanggungjawaban peran dari satuan kerja kepatuhan atau pejabat eksekutif, Pasal 57 ayat (1) mengatakan bahwa Anggota Direksi yang bertanggung jawab atas fungsi kepatuhan harus secara rutin melaporkan pelaksanaan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya kepada Direktur Utama dengan salinan juga dikirimkan kepada Dewan Komisaris. Lalu pada ayat kedua disebutkan bahwa jika Direktur Utama menjadi anggota Direksi yang bertanggung jawab terhadap kepatuhan, maka ia harus secara rutin melaporkan pelaksanaan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya kepada Dewan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 75,
"width": 51,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komisaris.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 100,
"width": 219,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penerapan Prinsip Good Corporate Governance",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 113,
"width": 219,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada BPR di Indonesia Menurut Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 13/POJK.03/2015 tanggal 3 November 2015, tentang Penerapan Manajemen Risiko Bagi Bank Perkreditan Rakyat, terdapat lima risiko yang harus dikelola BPR berdasarkan struktur Kepemilikan Modal, yaitu: (Supeno, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 214,
"width": 222,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Risiko Kredit terjadi saat debitur atau orang lain gagal memenuhi kewajiban mereka terhadap BPR.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 253,
"width": 222,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Risiko operasional adalah risiko yang timbul akibat berbagai faktor, seperti kekurangan atau tidak berfungsinya proses internal, kesalahan dari sumber daya manusia, kegagalan sistem, dan masalah eksternal yang dapat mempengaruhi operasional BPR.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 330,
"width": 222,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Resiko Kepatuhan adalah risiko yang timbul ketika BPR tidak mengikuti atau tidak melakukan sesuai peraturan perundang- undangan serta ketentuan lain yang berlaku, termasuk risiko yang timbul akibat kekurangan dalam aspek hukum.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 407,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Risiko",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 407,
"width": 207,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Likuiditas mengacu pada kemungkinan terjadinya kesulitan bagi BPR untuk memenuhi kewajiban pembayaran yang segera jatuh tempo, jikanya sumber pendanaan yang tersedia dalam bentuk arus kas dan/atau aset likuid berkualitas tinggi yang dapat dijadikan jaminan tidak mencukupi. Hal ini harus diatasi tanpa mengganggu kelancaran operasional dan stabilitas keuangan BPR.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 534,
"width": 222,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Risiko Reputasi adalah risiko yang timbul ketika tingkat kepercayaan pihak-pihak yang terkait menurun akibat adanya pandangan negatif terhadap Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 598,
"width": 222,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Risiko Stratejik terjadi ketika BPR tidak melakukan keputusan strategis dengan akurat dan/atau tidak melaksanakannya dengan baik, serta gagal dalam menghadapi perubahan di lingkungan bisnis.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 662,
"width": 219,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mengurangi risiko tersebut, BPR perlu mengimplementasikan prinsip-prinsip dan konsep manajemen perusahaan yang baik, yaitu good corporate governance . Praktik tata kelola perusahaan yang baik adalah himpunan aturan dan prinsip yang harus dipatuhi, yang bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja sumber daya perusahaan agar dapat menghasilkan nilai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 454,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dicky Jaya Mahendra dan Edith Ratna, Peran Pejabat Eksekutif sebagai Pelaksana Fungsi Kepatuhan dalam Penerapan Prinsip Good Corporate Governance pada PT. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 501,
"top": 797,
"width": 25,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2990",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ekonomi jangka panjang yang berkelanjutan bagi pemegang saham dan masyarakat secara keseluruhan (Tangkilisan, 2003). Penelitian Tjager (2003), penegakan prinsip-prinsip GCG di semua bagian operasional Bank di semua tingkatan organisasi, termasuk dalam proses pembentukan visi, misi, dan rencana strategis, penerapan kebijakan, serta pengawasan internal, sangat penting. Implementasi prinsip-prinsip GCG harus minimal dicapai dalam berbagai aspek, yaitu: (Yanti, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 214,
"width": 219,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Penyelenggaraan tanggung jawab dan tugas yang ada pada Dewan Komisaris dan Direksi;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 239,
"width": 219,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Kelengkapan dan pelaksanaan tugas dari komite-komite dan unit kerja yang bertugas dalam pengendalian internal bank;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 277,
"width": 219,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Impelentasi fungsi kepatuhan, serta pemeriksaan internal dan eksternal;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 302,
"width": 219,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Penerapan manajemen risiko, termasuk sistem pengendalian internal;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 328,
"width": 219,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Penyediaan dana kepada pihak terkait dan pemberian dana dalam jumlah besar;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 353,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Rencana strategis yang diterapkan oleh Bank;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 366,
"width": 219,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Keterbukaan informasi mengenai kondisi keuangan dan non-keuangan dari Bank.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 391,
"width": 219,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tata Kelola Perusahaan atau Good Corporate Governance dalam Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) mengacu pada Pasal 1 angka (7) Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 4/POJK.03/2015. Prinsip-prinsip yang diterapkan dalam Tata Kelola BPR termasuk keterbukaan, akuntabilitas, pertanggungjawaban, independensi, dan kewajaran (Wirajaya, 2022). Prinsip-prinsip good corporate governance sebagai berikut: (Supeno & Islami, 2019) 1. Keterbukaan atau transparency adalah tentang memberikan informasi yang penting dan relevan serta melibatkan keterbukaan dalam mengambil keputusan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 568,
"width": 219,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Accountability atau akuntabilitas, yaitu kejelasan fungsi dan pelaksanaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 593,
"width": 205,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pertanggungjawaban organ perusahaan sehingga pengelolaannya berjalan secara efektif.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 631,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Bertanggung jawab atau memiliki kewajiban adalah ketentuan untuk mematuhi prinsip- prinsip korporat yang baik dan peraturan yang berlaku dalam pengelolaan perusahaan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 682,
"width": 219,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Kemandirian merupakan kondisi di mana suatu perusahaan dijalankan secara profesional tanpa adanya konflik kepentingan dan pengaruh dari pihak lain yang tidak sesuai dengan aturan hukum yang berlaku dan prinsip-prinsip bisnis yang sehat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 758,
"width": 219,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Kewajaran mengacu pada keadilan dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 75,
"width": 205,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kesetaraan dalam memenuhi hak-hak para pihak terkait yang timbul sesuai dengan perjanjian dan hukum yang berlaku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 113,
"width": 220,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan menggunakan penjelasan tentang good corporate governance yang telah disampaikan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa good corporate governance merupakan suatu mekanisme administrasi perusahaan yang telah dirancang untuk meningkatkan performa perusahaan, melindungi kepentingan pemangku kepentingan, dan memastikan kepatuhan terhadap hukum dan nilai-nilai etika umum (Daniri, 2006). Hal yang penting adalah merubah konsep-konsep tersebut ke dalam lima dimensi sesuai dengan definisi yang diberikan oleh OECD (Organisasi Kerja Sama dan Pembangunan Ekonomi), yang berfungsi sebagai panduan dalam pembentuka sistem hukum, structural, dan peraturan tata Kelola Perusahaan di suatu daerah. Ini mencangkup lima aspek: (Rahmat, 2020) 1. Sangat penting untuk menjaga dan memperjuangkan hak kepemilikan saham yang istimewa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 378,
"width": 220,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Semua pemegang saham, termasuk pemegang saham minoritas dan pemegang saham asing, harus mendapatkan perlakuan yang sama dalam distribusi saham. Semua pemilik harus diberikan insentif yang adil sebagai bentuk penghargaan jika kepentingan mereka terganggu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 467,
"width": 220,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Tata kelola perusahaan memerlukan pengakuan dan penghormatan terhadap hak- hak pemangku kepentingan yang sesuai dengan peraturan dan hukum yang berlaku. Dalam rangka menciptakan kemakmuran, menciptakan lapangan kerja, dan menjaga kelangsungan pasar, kerja sama yang aktif antara perusahaan dan pemangku kepentingan perlu didorong.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 581,
"width": 220,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Pencurahan dan keterbukaan: mencakup pengungkapan atau penyampaian informasi yang tepat, tepat waktu, dan akurat, meliputi kondisi keuangan, rincian, kepemilikan, dan pengelolaan perusahaan, dalam semua aspek penting bisnis.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 657,
"width": 220,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Tanggung jawab direksi: Direksi harus secara efektif mengawasi administrasi Perusahaan, mematuhi persyaratan manajemen strategis, serta memahami tanggung jawab dan kewajiban mereka terhadap Dewan dan pemilik Perusahaan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 732,
"width": 219,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Panduan umum Tata Kelola Perusahaan yang Baik memberikan arahan kepada Perusahaan untuk menerapkan Tata Kelola",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 454,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dicky Jaya Mahendra dan Edith Ratna, Peran Pejabat Eksekutif sebagai Pelaksana Fungsi Kepatuhan dalam Penerapan Prinsip Good Corporate Governance pada PT. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 501,
"top": 797,
"width": 25,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2991",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perusahaan yang Baik dengan tujuan yang mencangkup: (Hutapea, 2019)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 100,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Mendorong kelangsungan Perusahaan melalui pengelolaan yang berlandaskan pada prinsip transparansi, akuntabilitas, tanggung jawab, kemandirian, dan keadilan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 151,
"width": 219,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Mendukung penguatan peran dan otonomi Perusahaan seperti Dewan Komisaris, Direksi, dan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham. 3. Mendorong pemegang saham, anggota Dewan Komisaris dan anggota Direksi untuk membuat keputusan dan melaksanakan tindakan mereka dengan integritas moral yang tinggi dan ketaatan terhadap hukum dan peraturan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 264,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Mendorong kesadaran dan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan terhadap masyarakat serta menjaga keberlanjutan lingkungan, terutama di wilayah sekitar perusahaan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 315,
"width": 219,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Mengoptimalkan nilai perusahaan bagi pemegang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 328,
"width": 205,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "saham dengan tetap memperhatikan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan lainnya.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 366,
"width": 219,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Meningkatkan daya saing perusahaan baik di tingkat nasional maupun internasional, dengan tujuan memperkuat kepercayaan pasar yang dapat mendorong investasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional yang berkelanjutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 454,
"width": 219,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Terhadap Peran Pejabat Eksekutif sebagai Pelaksana Fungsi Kepatuhan dalam Penerapan Prinsip",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 479,
"width": 27,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Good",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 479,
"width": 219,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Corporate Goverannce pada PT. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 517,
"width": 219,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PT BPR Gunung Simping Artha atau lebih dikenal dengan nama Bank Gunung Simping adalah BPR yang ada di wilayah kabupaten Banyumas yang dikelola oleh swasta. Bank Gunung Simping dengan kantor pusat yang berkedudukan di jalan Jendral Soedirman No. 98 Sokaraja, Kabupaten Banyumas memiliki wilayah operasional meliputi 4 (empat)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 619,
"width": 219,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kabupaten yaitu Kabupaten Banyumas, Kabupaten Purbalingga, Kabupaten",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 644,
"width": 219,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Banjarnegara dan Kabupaten Cilacap. PT BPR Gunung Simping Artha yang didirikan tanggal 24 Februari 1989 dengan Izin Usaha dari Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor Kep 231 / KM.13/1989 tanggal 20 Desember 1989, dan Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor C2-6224 HT 01.01 Tahun 1989 tanggal 14 Juli 1989.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 745,
"width": 219,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Visi PT BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto adalah Mewujudkan bank yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 75,
"width": 220,
"height": 339,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sehat, kuat, dan terpercaya serta dapat diakses oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Sedangkan Misi PT BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto adalah berperan dalam membangun dan menggerakan produksi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi sesuai dengan potensi daerah, memberikan layanan jasa keuangan secara profesional dan berkelanjutan, dan menciptakan laba yang wajar demi kelangsungan pertumbuhan perusahaan yang dapat memberikan manfaat bagi stakeholder, nasabah, dan karyawan serta lingkungan yang dapat memberikan nilai tambah kepada pemegang saham. Struktur Organisasi PT BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto sesuai dengan ketentuan yang tercantum dalam Undang- Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, terdiri dari tiga entitas utama, yaitu Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS), Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris. Tiga komponen ini memiliki peran sentral dalam menjalan praktik Tata Kelola Perusahaan ( Good Corporate Governance – GCG) yang efektif. Selain itu, dalam organisasi ini, ada juga posisi yang bertanggung jawab untuk memastikan kepatuhan dengan peraturan, dan jabatan ini berada di bawah direktur utama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 416,
"width": 219,
"height": 352,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemudian, berdasarkan laporan publikasi triwulan terkini, PT BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto memiliki modal dasar senilai Rp 20.000.000.000 (Dua Puluh Milyar Rupiah) per tanggal 31 Desember 2021. Modal senilai Rp 18 miliar telah ditempatkan dan disetor. Jumlah uang sekitar 18 miliar rupiah adalah setara dengan jumlah uang sebanyak delapan belas miliar rupiah. PT BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto berupaya mematuhi ketentuan Pasal 52 ayat (3) dari Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 4/POJK.03/2015 yang mengatur tata kelola yang baik bagi bank perkreditan rakyat. Salah satu langkah yang diambil adalah dengan memilih Pejabat Eksekutif yang tidak terikat dan memiliki kemandirian dalam menjalankan tugas kepatuhan operasional BPR. Keberhasilan penerapan Tata Kelola BPR dapat dicapai dengan memastikan bahwa struktur dan infrastruktur yang diperlukan telah disesuaikan dengan persyaratan yang terkait dengan setiap BPR. Pengoperasian dan administrasi di PT. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto telah melakukan pembentukan unit kepatuhan atau Pejabat Eksekutif untuk mengawasi pelaksanaan tugas kepatuhan. Tugas mereka adalah memeriksa kepatuhan BPR terhadap peraturan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 454,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dicky Jaya Mahendra dan Edith Ratna, Peran Pejabat Eksekutif sebagai Pelaksana Fungsi Kepatuhan dalam Penerapan Prinsip Good Corporate Governance pada PT. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 501,
"top": 797,
"width": 25,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2992",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang diberlakukan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan peraturan hukum yang berlaku, serta memastikan bahwa semua kebijakan, peraturan, sistem, prosedur, dan aktivitas bisnis yang dilakukan oleh BPR telah memenuhi ketentuan yang telah ditentukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 151,
"width": 219,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PT BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto, prinsip Akuntabilitas dilaksanakan dengan memiliki seorang Direktur yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bertanggung jawab atas ketaatan, dan juga Pejabat eksekutif kepatuhan dan manajemen risiko yang berusaha mengurangi kemungkinan risiko yang bisa terjadi karena pengelolaan perusahaan. Aspek keuangan dan operasional memiliki peran krusial dalam sistem Pengawasan Internal dan tergabung dalam prosedur operasional yang sangat penting.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 201,
"width": 449,
"height": 257,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 Laporan Evaluasi Diri yang Meliputi Aspek Penilaian Terkait dengan Implementasi Tata Kelola No Faktor yang dinilai Nilai (S+P+H) Nilai (Dibobot) 1 Pelaksanaan Tugas dan Tanggung Jawab Direksi 1.43 0.32 2 Pelaksanaan Tugas dan Tanggung Jawab Dewan Komisaris 1.56 0.26 3 Kelengkapan dan Pelaksanaan Tugas atau Fungsi Komite (bagi BPR yang memiliki modal inti paling sedikit Rp80.000.000.000,00 (delapan puluh milyar rupiah) 0.00 0 4 Penanganan Benturan Kepentingan 2.50 0.28 5 Penerapan Fungsi Kepatuhan 2.22 0.25 6 Penerapan Fungsi Audit Intern 2.05 0.23 7 Penerapan Fungsi Audit Ekstern (bagi BPR dengan total aset paling sedikit Rp10.000.000.000,00 (sepuluh milyar rupiah) 1.00 0.03 8 Penerapan Manajemen Risiko, Termasuk Sistem Pengendalian Intern 0.00 0.00 9 Batas Maksimum Pemberian Kredit 3.10 0.26 10 Rencana Bisnis Pemberian Kredit 1.57 0.13 11 Transparansi Kondisi Keuangan dan Non Keuangan 1.80 0.15 Nilai Komposit 1.90 Predikat Komposit Baik Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 473,
"width": 61,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 486,
"width": 219,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa PT BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto telah memenuhi tugas kepatuhan terbukti melalui laporan mengenai good corporate governance . Berdasarkan tingkat penilaian diri sebesar 1.90, ini menunjukkan bahwa dapat terverifikasi dengan mencapai predikat \"Baik\".",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 587,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 599,
"width": 219,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asikin, A. d. 2006. Pengantar Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 637,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daniri, M. A. 2006. Good Corporate",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 650,
"width": 183,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Governance: Konsep dan Penerapannya dalam Konteks Indonesia. Jakarta: Ray Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 688,
"width": 219,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hutapea, D. W. 2019. Tingkat kepatuhan pelaksanaan tata kelola BPR setelah diberlakukannya peraturan OJK tentang penerapan tata kelola BPR di wilayah kerja kantor OJK Malang. Jurnal Bisnis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 473,
"width": 183,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan Manajemen Universitas Merdeka Malang , 6(1), 17.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 498,
"width": 220,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Islami, W. S. 2019. Evaluasi Penerapan Tata Kelola Bank Pada PT BPR Eka Bumi Artha. eJournal, 6(2), 159. OJK, 2015. Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 4/POJK.03/2015 Tentang Penerapan Tata Kelola Bagi Bank Perkreditan Rakyat. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 599,
"width": 220,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mamuji, S. S. 2007. Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 637,
"width": 219,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Novita, D. 2019. Manajemen Risiko Kepatuhan Pada Perbankan Syariah. EKSISBANK ,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 663,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3(1), 52.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 675,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmat, 2020. Analysis of the Implementation of Good Corporate Governance in Bank Soundness (Empirical Study at PT. BPR Intan Jabar). Co-Management, 3(2),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 726,
"width": 22,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "444.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 454,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dicky Jaya Mahendra dan Edith Ratna, Peran Pejabat Eksekutif sebagai Pelaksana Fungsi Kepatuhan dalam Penerapan Prinsip Good Corporate Governance pada PT. BPR Gunung Simping Artha Purwokerto",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 501,
"top": 797,
"width": 25,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2993",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Soemitro, R. H. 1999. Metode Penelitian Hukum",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 87,
"width": 183,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan Jurumetri. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 219,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Supeno, W. 2016. Analisis Penerapan Manajemen Risiko pada Pencegahan Risiko Kredit pada Bank Perkreditan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 151,
"width": 219,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rakyat. Widya Cipta, 8(2), 138-139. Susanti, A. L. 2017, Analisis Good Corporate",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 176,
"width": 183,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Governance pada Bank Syariah (Analisis Independensi Dewan Komisaris pada Bank Syariah di",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 214,
"width": 219,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia). Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Syariah , 5(2). 194. Tangkilisan, H. N. 2003. Mengelola Kredit Berbasis Good Corporate Governance. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Balairung & Co. Tjager, I. N. 2003. Corporate Governance Tantangan dan Kesempatan bagi Komunitas Bisnis Indonesia. Jakarta: PT. Prehilindo. Wirajaya, N. L. 2022. Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance pada PT. BPR",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 353,
"width": 219,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kusemas Dana Mandiri. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 32(1), 31. Yanti, T. A. 2020. Analisis Pengaruh Penerapan Tata Kelola Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pada Bank Syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen, Ekonomi, Keuangan dan Akuntansi, 1(2), 89.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
19f6a8d4-2f29-c71d-2fbc-a52e28f1b40b | http://www.ejournal.stmikdumai.ac.id/index.php/path/article/download/194/110 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 95,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "INFORMATIKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 329,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Informatika, Manajemen dan Komputer, Vol. 12 No. 1, MEI 2020 eISSN : 2580-3042 pISSN : 1979-0694",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 778,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 117,
"width": 372,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ALAT PEMBERSIH ASAP ROKOK OTOMATIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR MQ2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 173,
"width": 169,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gusrio Tendra 1 , Denok Wulandari 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 188,
"width": 275,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AMIK “Tri Dharma” Pekanbaru Jl. Jend Sudirman No. 68 D Pelita Pantai, Pekanbaru, Riau e-mail : [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 253,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 280,
"width": 428,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk merancang alat dan menganalisa cara kerja alat pendeteksi asap rokok di dalam ruangan serta membantu menghilangkan asap rokok tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen yang dilakukan dengan pemilihan bahan, perancangan alat pendeteksi asap rokok, dan pengujian analisis output sensor MQ2. Alat pembersih asap rokok otomatis ini dirancang berdasarkan tingkat pencemaran udara yang sangat buruk. Dengan menganalisa tingkat pencemaran udara dan melihat besarnya tingkat pencemaran udara oleh asap rokok yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pernafasan bahkan kematian di lingkungan masyarakat. Hasil pengujian dan analisis menunjukan bahwa semakin jauh jarak sensor dengan asap maka semakin lama waktu yang dibutuhkan sensor untuk mendeteksi asap dengan tegangan output sensor sebesar 1.45 v maka nilai data DAC 290, tegangan output sensor 1,48 v data DAC 296, tegangan out sensor 1,54 v DAC 308, tegangan out sensor 1,58 v data DAC 316, dan tegangan out sensor 1,61 v nilai data DACnya 322. Nilai output DAC 308 terdapat asap, dan apabila output DACnya 296, maka kondisi ruangan tidak terdapat asap rokok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 428,
"width": 238,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci : ATmega8535, IC ISD2560, Sensor asap MQ2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 452,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 479,
"width": 428,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research was conducted to manage the tool and analyze the workings of detecting cigarette smoke in the room and help eliminate the cigarette smoke. This study uses an experimental research method which is conducted by selecting materials, designing an immediate detection device, and testing an MQ2 sensor output analysis. This automatic cigarette smoke cleaning tool is designed based on very bad levels of air pollution. By analyzing the level of air pollution and see the level of air pollution by smoke which can cause respiratory problems and even death in the community. The results of testing and analysis show that the faster the remote sensor, the longer the required sensor time increases with the sensor output of 1.45 v, the DAC 290 data value, the sensor output voltage 1.48 v DAC 296 data, the output voltage sensor 1, 54 v DAC 308, output voltage sensor 1.58 v DAC 316 data, and output voltage sensor 1.61 v DAC data value 322. DAC 308 output value is needed as soon as possible, and the DAC output 296 can be calculated, so the possibility of smoke is not available..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 617,
"width": 254,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords : ATMega8535, IC ISD2560, MQ2 Smoke Detectors",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 652,
"width": 101,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 663,
"width": 202,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terjadinya gangguan pernafasan atau penyakit pada pernafasan dapat disebabkan oleh dampak dari polusi udara. Penyakit yang ditimbulkan dari polusi udara dapat berdampak pada kematian. Rata-rata orang Indonesia dapat kehilangan 1,2 tahun harapan hidup pada tingkat polusi saat ini, menurut Indeks Kualitas Udara Kehidupan (AQLI), karena kualitas udara gagal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 652,
"width": 202,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memenuhi pedoman Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) untuk konsentrasi unsur partikulat halus (Greenstrone dan Fan, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 686,
"width": 202,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan data Globocan menunjukkan bahwa total kematian akibat paparan polusi udara yang menyebabkan kanker paru-paru di Indonesia menempati urutan pertama penyebab kematian yaitu ialah sebesar 12.6%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 95,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "INFORMATIKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 329,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Informatika, Manajemen dan Komputer, Vol. 12 No. 1, MEI 2020 eISSN : 2580-3042 pISSN : 1979-0694",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 778,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 202,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Asap beracun yang ditimbulkan oleh rokok merupakan salah satu bentuk dari penyebab polusi udara. Kandungan racun yang terdapat pada asap rokok dapat menyebabkan gangguang pada pernafasan, tidak hanya bagi orang yang menghirup rokok, tetapi racun dari asap rokok tersebut juga dapat terhirup oleh orang disekitar perokok tersebut terlebih jika perokok tersebut berada pada satu ruangan tertutup yang minim sirkulasi udara (Nurjanah, dkk, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 231,
"width": 202,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah alat yang dapat mengurangi penyebaran racun yang ditimbulkan oleh rokok pada suatu ruangan. Alat ini akan dibangun dengan memanfaatkan Sensor Asap MQ2. Diharapkan dengan menggunakan alat tersebut dapat mengurangi dampak dari penyebaran rancun yang terkandung pada asap rokok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 334,
"width": 202,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sensor Asap MQ2 merupakan sensor yang dapat berfungsi untuk mengamati tingkat kontaminasi udara yang disebakan oleh asap yang memiliki konsentrasi rendah seperti gas H2S yang disebabkan dari asap hasil pembakaran material rumah tangga dan perkantoran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 413,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 425,
"width": 181,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan pada",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 436,
"width": 205,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "penelitian ini ialah metode pengembangan sistem yang disebut System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Dimana dalam pengembangan sistem, proses pada metode SDLC digunakan untuk menghubungkan semua langkah yang diperlukan dalam menganalisa, merancang, membangun, mengimplementasi serta memelihara sistem. Gambar 1 dibawah ini merupakan bagan dari SDLC yang digunakan peneliti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 703,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1 Metodologi Penelitian",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 727,
"width": 153,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 116,
"width": 202,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada tahapan ini dilakukan desain secara terperinci mengenai cara kerja alat yang dibangun. Desain terperinci digambarkan dengan menggunakan context diagram, data flow diagram, dan flowchart . Setelah dilakukan desain terperinci maka selanjutnya dilakukanlah tahap pengujian alat dengan melihat cara kerja alat yang dibangun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 219,
"width": 126,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.1. CONTEXT DIAGRAM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 231,
"width": 202,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Context diagram merupakan gambaran umum dari cara kerja alat yang dibangun (Wibobo, dkk, 2014). Berikut ini merupakan gambar context diagram yang dimaksud, dimana context diagram terdiri atas sebuah lambang proses yang diberi nama sistem pembersih asap rokok pada alat yang dibuat untuk diproses sehingga menghasilkan keluaran yang diinginkan. Adapun context diagram yang dimaksud dapat dilihat pada gambar 2 berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 580,
"width": 113,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 2 Context Diagram",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 604,
"width": 167,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.2. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 615,
"width": 205,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DFD merupakan gambaran secara terperinci mengenai cara kerja alat dan entitas yang saling terhubung agar alat yang dibangun dapat bekerja sesuai dengan yang diharapkan (Afyenni, 2014). Data flow diagram untuk sistem pembersih asap rokok otomatis dapat dilihat pada gambar 3 berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 95,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "INFORMATIKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 329,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Informatika, Manajemen dan Komputer, Vol. 12 No. 1, MEI 2020 eISSN : 2580-3042 pISSN : 1979-0694",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 778,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 355,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 3 Data Flow Diagram",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 378,
"width": 143,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.3. FLOWCHART DIAGRAM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 389,
"width": 203,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun modul program atau flowchart dalam pembuatan sistem pengamaman pintu adalah sebagai berikut. Program flowchart sistem yang dibuat dilihat pada gambar 4 berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 739,
"width": 122,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 4 Data Flow Diagram",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 116,
"width": 202,
"height": 284,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.4. PENGUJIAN SISTEM Berikut langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan dalam pengujian dari sistem pembersih asap rokok otomatis : a. Hubungkan seluruh rangkaian ke sistem minimum dan power supply. Gambar pemasangan rangkaian dapat dilihat pada gambar 5 seperti dibawah : Gambar 5 Pemasangan Rangkaian b. Pasang kabel power pada power suppl y ke arus listrik AC terlebih dahulu. Gambar kabel power dapat dilihat pada gambar 6 berikut ini :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 515,
"width": 149,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 6 Pemasangan Kabel Power",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 538,
"width": 202,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Setelah itu pengecekan kondisi LCD telah terpasang dengan sempurna agar proses berjalan degnan baik. Contoh di lihat pada gambar 7 berikut :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 740,
"width": 138,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 7 Pengecekan Kabel LCD",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 95,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "INFORMATIKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 329,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Informatika, Manajemen dan Komputer, Vol. 12 No. 1, MEI 2020 eISSN : 2580-3042 pISSN : 1979-0694",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 778,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 202,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Kemudian masuk ketahap pengecekan Sensor Asap (MQ2) apakah sudah terpasang dengan baik. contoh gambar 8 dilihat pada pada gambar sebagai berikut :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 329,
"width": 144,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 8 Pengecekan sensor MQ2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 352,
"width": 202,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Kemudian pengecekan motor DC dapat di lihat pada gambar 9 berikut :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 520,
"width": 136,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 9 Pengecekan Motor DC",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 543,
"width": 202,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Gambaran sistem pembersih asap rokok otomatis yang telah penulis buat dapat dilihat pada gambar 10 berikut :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 732,
"width": 174,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 10 Sistem Pembersih Asap Rokok",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 116,
"width": 91,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 127,
"width": 202,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berikut kesimpulan yang di dapat dari pembahasan sebelumnya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 150,
"width": 202,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Aplikasi ATmega 8535 pada sistem pembersih asap rokok berbasis bahasa C merupakan prototype alat yang dapat berguna dalam kehidupan sehari-hari terutama dapat membantu mengurangi asap rokok. b. Alat yang dirancang ini akan memiliki banyak benefit yang seperti: berkurangnya polusi udara yang tercemar dari asap rokok,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 254,
"width": 136,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dari perokok aktif maupun pasif.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 277,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. REFERENSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 294,
"width": 202,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nurjanah, Lily Kresnowati, A. M. (2014). Gangguan Fungsi Paru Dan Kadar Cotinine",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 317,
"width": 181,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada Urin Karyawan Yang Terpapar Asap Rokok Orang Lain. KESMAS - Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat , 10 (1), 43–52.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 352,
"width": 175,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v10i1.3069",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 369,
"width": 202,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Michael Greenstone, Q. F. (2019). Kualitas Udara Indonesia yang Memburuk dan Dampaknya terhadap Harapan Hidup . Afyenni, R. (2014). Perancangan Data Flow Diagram untuk Sistem Informasi Sekolah (Studi Kasus Pada SMA Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP). Teknoif , 2 (1), 35–39.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 462,
"width": 202,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gallaleo I Wibowo, A. M. Rumagit, ST., MT, N.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 473,
"width": 181,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "J. Tuturoong, ST., M. K. (2014). Perancangan Aplikasi Gudang Pada PT. Pakan Ternak Sejati. E-Journal Teknik Elektro Dan Komputer , 3 (4), 11–18.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
a300d704-9ab8-b7f5-a8d9-983b5b0146d0 | http://ejournal.staidarussalamlampung.ac.id/index.php/assalam/article/download/468/421 | [
{
"left": 498,
"top": 788,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "80",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 126,
"width": 386,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM BERBASIS GENIALLY DAN BOOK CREATOR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 283,
"top": 180,
"width": 57,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nur Kholis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 197,
"width": 102,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[email protected]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 247,
"top": 212,
"width": 136,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 248,
"width": 303,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received: 01/06/2022 Revised: 13/06/2022 Aproved: 27/06/2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 300,
"width": 48,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 328,
"width": 357,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This study aims to conceptualize the development of interactive PAI learning media based on Genially and Book Creator. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with primary data sources Wadir I in the academic field of the Riau Ministry of Health Polytechnic, Quality Assurance Unit, Head of Department and IT Team of the Riau Ministry of Health Polytechnic. Meanwhile, secondary data sources are journals and books related to the research title. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there are five stages to be able to conceptualize the development of interactive PAI learning media based on Genially and Book Creator, these activities are identifying the desired media development needs, the process of making media with the desired platform, validating on the quality unit so that the media developed is in accordance with applicable quality standards, collaborating media that has been developed with learning information systems and socializing media development to other lecturers. This research is expected to be able to provide information to educators to be able to take advantage of technological advances in learning activities both online and offline.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 604,
"width": 201,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Media, Learning, Interactive",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 633,
"width": 45,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 665,
"width": 356,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonsep pengembangan media pembelajaran PAI interaktif berbasis Genially dan Book Creator. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data primer Wadir I bidang akademik Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau, Unit penjaminan mutu, Ketua jurusan dan Tim IT Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau. Sedangkan sumber data sekunder berupa jurnal dan buku yang terkait",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 22,
"width": 343,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "NUR KHOLIS / KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI INTERKATIF…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 789,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "81",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 113,
"width": 360,
"height": 194,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dengan judul penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada lima tahapan untuk dapat mengkonsep pengembangan media pembelajaran PAI interaktif berbasis Genially dan Book Creator, kegiatan tersebut adalah identifikasi kebutuhan pengembangan media yang diinginkan, proses pembuatan media dengan platform yang diinginkan, memvalidasikan pada unit mutu agar media yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan standar mutu yang berlaku, mengkolaborasikan media yang telah dikembangkan dengan sistem informasi pembelajaran dan mensosialisasikan pengembangan media kepada dosen lain. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan informasi kepada para pendidik untuk dapat memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi dalam kegiatan pembelajaran baik bersifat daring maupun luring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 322,
"width": 230,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Media, Pembelajaran, Interaktif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 353,
"width": 92,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 374,
"width": 405,
"height": 264,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mata kuliah pendidikan agama islam yang dilaksanakan di Poltekkes Kemenkes perlu mendapatkan perhatian yang lebih. Hal ini disebabkan karena pendidikan agama khususnya islam merupakan salah satu mata kuliah dasar umum (MKDU) yang wajib diambil oleh seluruh mahasiswa. Sebagai mata kuliah dasar tentu pendidikan agama islam harus benar-benar diperhatikan dengan baik agar dasar keilmuan dan prilaku mahasiswa setelah mendapatkan pembelajaran dapat berdampak positif. Dasar keilmuan ini bersumber dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Salmiwati yang mengatakan bahwa fungsi Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Sistem Pendidikan Nasional diharapkan mampu membentuk karakter peserta didik, sehingga menjadi manusia muslim yang bertaqwa, sekaligus menjadi warga negara Indonesia yang toleran, menerima kondisi multi kultural, serta menolak segala bentuk penindasan yang merendahkan harkat kemanusiaan karena adanya perbedaan. 1",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 643,
"width": 407,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selanjutnya hasil penelitian dari Fakhri yang menyebutkan bahwa Pendidikan Agama Islam merupakan bagian dari upaya pembangunan karakter bangsa, Pendidikan Agama Islam, tidak hanya mendidik dengan materi keislaman",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 722,
"width": 400,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Salmiwati Wati, ‘Urgensi Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Pengembangan Nilai-Nilai Multikultural’, Al-Ta lim Journal 20, no. 1 (20 February 2013): 336–45, https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v20i1.29.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 13,
"width": 343,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "NUR KHOLIS / KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI INTERKATIF…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 788,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "82",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 401,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "saja tetapi juga diajarkan untuk mengamalkan nilai-nilai Islam dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. 2 Artinya tonggak dasar yang melekat dalam diri manusia tentu harus diupayakan dengan sebaik-baiknya agar menjadi pribadi yang memiliki wawasan luas serta kesalehan dalam berprilaku dengan dasar ajaran agama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 196,
"width": 409,
"height": 222,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan dokumentasi peneliti selama menjadi CPNS di Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau, peneliti menemukan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam belum didukung dengan media pembelajaran yang memadai. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil pembelajaran yang teramati dari nilai mahasiswa DIII Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau menunjukkan bahwa baru 9 mahasiswa yang mendapatkan nilai sempurna dari 79 anak atau 11%, sedangkan yang mendekati sempurna baru 16 mahasiswa atau 20% sedangkan 54 mahasiswa berada pada kualitas di bawahnya. 3 Kondisi perkualihan yang dilakukan secara daring jika tidak di dukung dengan media pembelajaran yang ciamik tentu pencernaan materi yang berimbas pada pemahaman mahasiswa menjadi sangat minim.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 423,
"width": 406,
"height": 264,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Padahal adanya kemajuan teknologi seyogyanya dapat dimanfaatkan dalam proses pembelajaran, tak terkecuali dengan pendidika agama islam. Ada dua platform yang sebenarnya dapat dimanfaatkan oleh para pendidik atau dosen untuk membuat media pembelajaran yang interaktif. Jika kedua platform ini digabungkan maka media pembelajaran tentu akan semakin mutkhir karena dapat digunakan untuk pembelajaran daring dan luring. Kedua platform tersebut adalah Genially dan Book Creator . Genially adalah media platform yang ditujukan kepada pendidik untuk menciptakan pengalaman belajar interaktif yang akan membuat peserta didik jatuh cinta. Sedangkan Book Creator merupakan aplikasi yang dirancang untuk membuat buku berbasis e modul. Book creator dikatakan “atraktif” karena tools (elemen-elemen fasilitas yang tersedia) tidak hanya berupa tulisan dan gambar, buku, atau bacaan biasa, namun juga dapat menyisipkan record audio bahkan video. 4",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 710,
"width": 400,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Moh Fachri, ‘Urgensi Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Bangsa’, AT-TURAS: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 1, no. 1 (2014), https://doi.org/10.33650/at-turas.v1i1.156.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 733,
"width": 344,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3 Dokumentasi Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam Poltokkes Kemenkes Riau Tahun 2021",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 745,
"width": 365,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4 Sinta Diana, Selvie Sianipar, and Riodinar Harianja, ‘Pelatihan Media Pembelajaran",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 22,
"width": 343,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "NUR KHOLIS / KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI INTERKATIF…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 789,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "83",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 407,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian data di atas maka peneliti merasa tertarik untuk mengkonsep pengembangan media pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam interaktif berbasis Genially dan Book Creator . Hal ini bertujuan untuk membuat sketsa awal rancangan media pembelajaran yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam kondisi daring maupun luring sekaligus mampu memberikan efek memudahkan mahasiswa dalam memahami materi perkuliahan pendidikan agama islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 257,
"width": 118,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 278,
"width": 408,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data primer yaitu: Wadir I Bidang Akademik Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau, Unit Penjaminan Mutu Jurusan DIII Gizi, Ketua Jurusan DIII Gizi, Tim IT Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau. Sedangkan sumber data sekunder mengacu pada artikel jurnal ilmiah dan buku yang terkait dengan judul penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan Wawancara, Observasi dan Dokumentasi. Teknik penjamin keabsahan data menggunakan ketekunan pengamatan serta triangulasi sumber. Data yang didapatkan akan dianalisis dengan tiga tahapan yaitu Reduksi Data, Display Data dan Penarikan Kesimpulan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 485,
"width": 87,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "C. Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 506,
"width": 190,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Media Pembelajaran Interaktif",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 527,
"width": 405,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Media pembelajaran berasal dari bahasa Latin “ medius ” secara harfiah berarti tengah, perantara, atau pengantar. Secara istilah media memilki arti segala sesuatu yang dapat digunakan untuk menyalurkan pesan, merangsang pikiran, perasaan, perhatian dan kemampuan siswa, sehingga dapat mendorong proses belajar mengajar . 5 Merujuk pada definisi di atas artinya media merupakan alat bantu yang dapat digunkan untuk memudahkan transfer pengetahuan yang diberikan oleh pendidik kepada peserta didiknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 672,
"width": 401,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setiap proses pembelajaran sebaiknya menggunakan media yang sesuai, hal ini disebabkan karena pada dasarnya manusia akan mencerna pengetahuannya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 722,
"width": 243,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Book Creator kepada Guru-Guru PAUD Yabes Medan’, n.d.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 733,
"width": 400,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5 Ibrahim dan Nana Syaodih, Perencanaan Pengajran, (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2003) hal 112",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 13,
"width": 343,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "NUR KHOLIS / KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI INTERKATIF…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 788,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "84",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 403,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "melalui panca indera yang dimiliki. Hal ini tentu berimbas pada pemilihan media yang tepat, jika tidak maka sudah dapat dipastikan proses pembelajaran tidak akan menghasilkan apapun dari tujuan pembelajaran itu sendiri. Hal ini diperkuat dengan ayat Al-Qur’an yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 190,
"width": 397,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ُ ّٰ ﷲا َو ْﻢ ُ ﻜ َ� َﺮ ْﺧ َ ا ْۢﻦ ِّﻣ ِن ْﻮ ُﻄُﺑ ٰﻬ ﱠﻣ ُ ا ْﻢ ُ ﻜِﺘ � َ � َ ن ْﻮ ُﻤ َ ﻠ ْﻌَﺗ ًٔـ ْﻴ َﺷ ۙ� َ ﻞ َﻌ َﺟ ﱠو ُﻢ ُ ﻜ َ ل َﻊ ْﻤ ﱠ ﺴﻟا َرﺎ َﺼْﺑ َ � ْ �ا َو ِٕـ ْ ﻓ َ � ْ �ا َو َة َﺪ ۙ ْﻢ ُ ﻜ ﱠ ل َﻌ َ ﻟ َ ن ْو ُﺮ ُ ﻜ ْ� َ �",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 291,
"width": 406,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terjemah Kemenag 2019 78. Allah mengeluarkan kamu dari perut ibumu dalam keadaan tidak mengetahui sesuatu pun dan Dia menjadikan bagi kamu pendengaran, penglihatan, dan hati nurani agar kamu bersyukur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 367,
"width": 403,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan ayat tersebut jelas bahwa manusia dilahirkan didunia ini tidak mengetahui suatu apapun, Kemudian Allah memberi manusia telinga agar manusia bisa mendengarkan pengetahuan, meskipun masih bersifat abstrak. Selanjutnya Allah memberikan manusia mata agar manusia bisa melihat dengan jelas apa yang ia dengar sehingga gambaran nyata dari sebuah pengetahuan itu timbul dari penglihatan. Konsep tersebut sejalan dengan adanya media sebagai perantara tersampaikannya pengetahuan dari pendidik ke peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 512,
"width": 408,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebuah media pembelajaran akan bernilai lebih jika mampu membuat interaksi antara pengguna dengan media itu sendiri. Hal ini akan memudahkan pengguna dalam mengurutkan pemahaman yang akan dicapai. Media pemebelajaran interkatif terbukti efektif untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Siti Hamisah yang menyebutkan bahwa materi pelajaran yang disampaikan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran interaktif dapat memberikan efek menarik dan tidak membosankan serta materi mudah dipahami. 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 677,
"width": 358,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Media pembelajaran seyogyanya memang dirancang secara khusus dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 710,
"width": 404,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6 Siti Hamisah, Caska Caska, and Sri Kartikowati, ‘Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Multimedia Interaktif Berbantu Anyflip Dan Qizizz Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa’, JURNAL PAJAR (Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran) 6, no. 6 (30 November 2022): 1950–63, https://doi.org/10.33578/pjr.v6i6.8880.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 22,
"width": 343,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "NUR KHOLIS / KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI INTERKATIF…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 789,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "85",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 404,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tidak boleh asal ada. Perlu menjadi perhatian bahwa alat bantu yang tidak tepat justru akan menimbulkan efek yang lebih buruk, terlebih lagi jika berkaitan dengan pemahaman siswa. Maka langkah terbaik sebelum membuat media pembelajaran sangat dianjurkan untuk menganalisisnya terlebih dahulu dengan konsep yang matang. Segala macam sudut pandang perlu diperhatikan agar nantinya pembelajaran yang dilakukan dengan media yang telah diciptakan akan membuahkan hasil yang maksimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 278,
"width": 211,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Platform Genially dan Book Creator",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 299,
"width": 404,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Genially adalah platform berbasis web (online) yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membuat media audio visual dan interaktif dengan cara yang mudah. Genially dapat diakses pada portal: https://genial.ly/ . Genially juga dapat membuat pembelajaran menjadi lebih interaktif . Genially dapat menambahkan interaktivitas dan animasi ke konten digital, yang membuat siswa lebih terlibat, dan membantu membuat mereka sadar akan apa yang harus mereka capai dalam pembelajaran. Secara umum Genially adalah platform yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat presentasi, gambar interaktif, video presentasi, gamify (Konten dengan model gim), infografis, panduan dan Materi Pelatihan. 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 485,
"width": 416,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sedangkan Book Creator adalah platform berbasis web (online) yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membuat modul atau buku digital. Book Creator meruapakan salah satu hasil karya kemajuan teknologi yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya pembelajaran. Selain dapat digunakan untuk membuat buku, Book Creator juga dilengkapi dengan tools yang dapat menginput media baik berupa suara maupun video serta gambar dan button interkatif. Book Creator dapat diakses pada portal:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 630,
"width": 405,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://bookcreator.com/ . Pada halaman tersebut juga disediakan berbagi template seperti majalah koran dan lain sebagainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 733,
"width": 401,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7 ‘Genially Gamifikasi Sebagai Tren Pembelajaran Terkini’, accessed 21 March 2022, https://btkp-diy.or.id/artikel/genially-gamifikasi-sebagai-tren-pembelajaran-terkini-.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 13,
"width": 343,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "NUR KHOLIS / KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI INTERKATIF…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 788,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "86",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 92,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 133,
"width": 406,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengembangan media pembeajaran interaktif pendidikan agama islam dapat dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis kebutuhan terlebih dahulu. Berdasarkan data hasil pengamatan bahwa selama pendidikan agama islam berlangsung, dosen tamu belum menggunakan media pembelajaran yang dapat memudahkan mahasiswa dalam kondisi pandemi covid-19. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan niai mahasiswa yang mendapatkan nilai A baru sekitar 11% sedangkan yang lain berada pada tingkatan level di bawahnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 278,
"width": 403,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hal tersebut peneliti mencoba mengkonsep pengembangan media pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam interaktif berbasis genially dan book creator . Hal ini didasarkan pada manfaat dari kedua paltform tersebut yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam kondisi daring maupun luring. Berdasarkan konsultasi dengan Mentor atau Wadir I Bidang Akademik memberikan arahan bahwa perlu dibuatkan media pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) yang interaktif agar mahasiswa dapat mengaksesnya kapan saja dan dimana saja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 423,
"width": 405,
"height": 222,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konsep pada kegiatan pertama peneliti mencoba untuk Mengidentifikasi Kebutuhan Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam hal ini peneliti lakukan dengan lima kegiatan yaitu Membuat janji untuk bertemu dengan mentor, Melakukan konsultasi dengan mentor tentang rencana pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam, Menelaah Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS) Pendidikan Agama Islam, Meminta Koreksi dan Saran hasil telaah RPS Pendidikan Agama Islam dari Kaprodi DIII Gizi, Melapor dan meminta persetujuan mentor terkait Draft rancangan pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam. Kegitan yang telah dilakukan mengahasilkan draft rancangan media pembelajaran PAI interaktif berbasis genially dan book creator sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 651,
"width": 389,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No RPS Draft Rancangan Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran 1 Capaian Pembelajaran (CPL) 1.1 CPL Prodi yang dibebankan pada MK akan dimunculkan pada Book Creator secara umum",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 686,
"width": 267,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1.2 Capaian Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah (CPMK) dimunculkan pada setiap materi pembahasan dalam media pembelajaran yang dibuat dengan Book Creator 1.3 Sub-CPMK akan dimunculkan pada setiap materi pembahasan dalam media pembelajaran yang dibuat dengan Book Creator",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 22,
"width": 343,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "NUR KHOLIS / KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI INTERKATIF…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 789,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "87",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 113,
"width": 128,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Deskripsi Singkat MK",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 125,
"width": 73,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Teori / Praktik)*",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 113,
"width": 389,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Akan dimunculkan pada Book Creator secara umum 3 Bahan Kajian: Materi Pembelajaran Akan dimunculkan pada Book Creator secara umum & Materi slide nya akan dibuat dengan Genial ditambah dengan video, gambar atau suara yang terkait dengan media pembelajaran dan dimasukkan unsur interaktifnya dengan mengacu pada kurikulum prodi 4 Pustaka Akan dimunculkan pada Book Creator secara umum 5 Rencana Tugas Mahasiswa (Teori) Akan dimunculkan pada Book Creator secara umum dan ditambahkan Quiz postest pada setiap materi perkuliahan yang dibuat menggunakan Genial",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 262,
"width": 405,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konsep pada kegiatan kedua peneliti akan Membuat Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan Platform Genially dan Book Creator dengan tiga tahap kegiatan yaitu: Mengumpulkan Referensi Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam, Membuat Konten Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan Platform Genially & Book Creator dan Meminta Persetujuan Isi Konten Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam yang dibuat dengan menggunakan Platform Genially & Book Creator Kepada Mentor. Kegiatan yang dilakukan menghasilkan alur media pembelajaran PAI interkatif sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 449,
"width": 366,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No Platform Konten Media Pembelajaran 1 Book Creator 1.1 CPL Prodi yang dibebankan pada MK 1.2 Capaian Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah (CPMK) 1.3 Sub-CPMK 1.4 Deskripsi Singkat MK 1.5 Bahan Kajian/Materi 1.6 Rencana Tugas Mahasiswa 1.7 Link Quiz Post Test 1.8 Referensi 2 Genially 2.1 Bahan Kajian/Materi 2.1.1 Point penting materi 2.1.2 Video, Gambar & Audio terkait 2.2 Quiz Post Test",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 621,
"width": 408,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konsep pada kegiatan ketiga peneliti akan Memvalidasi Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam yang telah dibuat dengan Platform Genially dan Book Creator Pada Sub Unit Penjamin Mutu Program Studi DIII Gizi. Kegiatan ini akan dilalui dengan tiga alur kegiatan yaitu: Membuat janji untuk bertemu dengan Sub Unit Penjamin Mutu Program Studi DIII Gizi, Menyerahkan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 13,
"width": 343,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "NUR KHOLIS / KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI INTERKATIF…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 788,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "88",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 406,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "yang telah dibuat dengan Platform Genially & Book Creator Pada Sub Unit Penjamin Mutu Program Studi DIII Gizi untuk divalidasi, Melaporkan Hasil Validasi Sub Unit Penjamin Mutu Program Studi DIII Gizi terhadap Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam yang telah dibuat dengan menggunakan Platform Genially & Book Creator kepada mentor. Kegiatan yang dilakukan menghasilkan daftar checklis kualitas media pembelajaran PAI interkatif sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 258,
"width": 385,
"height": 244,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No Aspek Indikator No. Butir Jumlah Butir 1 Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak Penggunaan media efektif dan efisien. 1, 2 8 Reliable dan reusable 3, 4 Maintainable dan kompabilitas 5, 6 Usable (mudah digunakan) 7 Ketepatan pemilihan jenis perangkat lunak untuk pengembangan 8 2 Desain Pembelajaran Penyajian tujuan pembelajaran 9 7 Penyajian keterkaitan tujuan pembelajaran dengan kurikulum 10 Penyajian isi media dengan tujuan pembelajaran 11 Ketepatan penggunaan strategi pembelajaran dalam video 12 Motivasi belajar 13 Konstekstual dan aktual 14,15 3 Komunikasi Visual Komunikatif",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 460,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "16,17",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 472,
"width": 284,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10 Kreatif 18 Animasi sederhana dan menarik 19,20 Kualitas audio 21,22,23 Kualitas visual 24,25,26",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 540,
"width": 406,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konsep pada kegiatan keempat peneliti akan Mengupload Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam yang telah dibuat dengan Platform Genially & Book Creator ke Student Centered e-Learning Environment (Scele). Kegiatan ini akan dilakukan dengan tiga kegiatan yaitu: Membuat janji untuk bertemu dengan Tim IT Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau, Menyerahkan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam yang telah dibuat dengan Platform Genially & Book Creator Pada Tim IT Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau untuk diupload pada scele, Melaporkan Hasil Upload Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam yang telah dibuat dengan menggunakan Platform Genially & Book Creator Kepada Mentor. Kegiatan yang dilakukan menghasilkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 22,
"width": 343,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "NUR KHOLIS / KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI INTERKATIF…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 789,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "89",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 400,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "media yang telah dibuat dapat dikolaborasikan dengan sistem pembelajaran daring yang dimiliki Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau sebegai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 396,
"width": 404,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konsep pada kegiatan kelima peneliti akan Mensosialisasikan Teknis Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan P latform Genially & Book Creator kepada dosen lain. Kegiatan ini akan dilakukan dengan delapan jenis kegiatan yaitu Meminta izin kepada mentor untuk melakukan sosialisasi tentang Teknis Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan Platform Genially &",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 499,
"width": 407,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Book Creator kepada dosen lain, Membuat undangan sosialisasi Teknis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 520,
"width": 410,
"height": 222,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan Platform Genially & Book Creator , Mengirim undangan sosialisasi Teknis Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan Platform Genially & Book Creator , Menyiapkan bahan kegiatan sosialisasi Teknis Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan Platform Genially & Book Creator , Membuat daftar hadir kegiatan sosialisasi Teknis Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan Platform Genially & Book Creator, Melaksanakan kegiatan sosialisasi Teknis Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan Platform Genially & Book Creator , Membuat notulensi kegiatan sosialisasi Teknis Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan Platform Genially & Book Creator , Membuat dokumentasi kegiatan sosialisasi Teknis Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan Platform",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 13,
"width": 343,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "NUR KHOLIS / KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI INTERKATIF…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 788,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "90",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 401,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Genially & Book Creator. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan penyebarluasan informasi kepada dosen atau pendidik yang lain terkait pemanfaatan platform genially dan book creator untuk dapat dimanfaatkan dalam proses pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 195,
"width": 82,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "D. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 216,
"width": 410,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konsep pengembangan media pemebelajaran PAI interaktif berbasis Genially dan Book Creator dapat dilakukan melalui lima tahap yaitu Mengidentifikasi Kebutuhan Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam, Proses pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan Platform Genially dan Book Creator,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 320,
"width": 401,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Memvalidasi Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam yang telah dibuat dengan Platform Genially dan Book Creator Pada Unit Penjamin Mutu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 361,
"width": 408,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mengupload Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Pendidikan Agama Islam yang telah dibuat dengan Platform Genially & Book Creator ke Student Centered e-Learning Environment (Scele) atau LMS dan Mensosialisasikan Teknis Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan P latform Genially & Book Creator kepada dosen lain. Adaya proses pengembangan ini akan membuat pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam semakin menarik, terlebih media pembelajaran ini dapat dimanfaatkan secara daring maupun luring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 22,
"width": 343,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "NUR KHOLIS / KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI INTERKATIF…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 789,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "91",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 252,
"top": 113,
"width": 122,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 143,
"width": 407,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diana, Sinta, Selvie Sianipar, and Riodinar Harianja. ‘Pelatihan Media Pembelajaran Book Creator kepada Guru-Guru PAUD Yabes Medan’, n.d.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 184,
"width": 408,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fachri, Moh. ‘Urgensi Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Bangsa’. AT-TURAS: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 1, no. 1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.33650/at-turas.v1i1.156.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 239,
"width": 402,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "‘Genially Gamifikasi Sebagai Tren Pembelajaran Terkini’. Accessed 21 March 2022. https://btkp-diy.or.id/artikel/genially-gamifikasi-sebagai-tren- pembelajaran-terkini-.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 295,
"width": 402,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hamisah, Siti, Caska Caska, and Sri Kartikowati. ‘Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Multimedia Interaktif Berbantu Anyflip Dan Qizizz Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa’. JURNAL PAJAR (Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran) 6, no. 6 (30 November 2022): 1950–63. https://doi.org/10.33578/pjr.v6i6.8880.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 377,
"width": 397,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wati, Salmiwati. ‘Urgensi Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Pengembangan Nilai- Nilai Multikultural’. Al-Ta lim Journal 20, no. 1 (20 February 2013): 336– 45. https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v20i1.29.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
f7f593c8-0f41-6d0d-4220-fe9177b1cf10 | https://e-journal.metrouniv.ac.id/istinbath/article/download/297/363 | [
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 137,
"width": 326,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi AnAk LAki-LAki sebAgAi kegAgALAn PerLindungAn AnAk",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 205,
"width": 206,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Laurensius Arliman s sekolah tinggi ilmu Hukum (stiH) Padang Email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 277,
"width": 41,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 301,
"width": 272,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Child Protection is the key to the success of a country in the future, because children are the future generation of the nation. If it had been negligent care of a child, can guarantee a country it will be destroyed in the future, because there is no future generations. At this time many children being the object of sexual exploitation, not just the girls who made the object of sexual gratification by an adult male, a boy had already become victims of sexual abuse by an adult male, who has a deviant behavior. This paper tries to explain how the criminal sanctions for perpetrators of sexual violence against children? how to organize the protection of children well? and to socialize the concept of sustainable child protection. This research method is normative. From the results of the study found that offenders who commit sexual violence against boys under the age will be sanctioned in accordance with existing rules in the Code of Penal (Penal Code) and the Law on Child Protection. In restructuring the protection of children to be free from sexual violence, then any party relating to children, must work together. Introduced the concept of child protection is a concept that supports the fulfillment of children in daily practice, not just in any written rule.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 552,
"width": 214,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Key words : Child, Failure, Protection, Prostitution.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "272 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 63,
"width": 38,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 87,
"width": 272,
"height": 307,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Perlindungan Anak merupakan kunci kesuksesan sebuah negara di masa depan, karena anak adalah generasi penerus suatu bangsa. Jika sudah lalai mengurus anak, bisa dijamin sebuah negara itu akan hancur di masa depan, karena tidak ada generasi penerusnya. Pada saat ini anak banyak dijadikan objek eksploitasi seksual, bukan hanya anak perempuan saja yang dijadikan objek pemuas seksual oleh seorang laki-laki dewasa, anak laki-laki pun sudah menjadi korban kekerasan seksual oleh seorang laki-laki dewasa, yang memiliki perilaku menyimpang. Tulisan ini mencoba memaparkan bagaimana ancaman pidana bagi para pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak? bagaimana menata perlindungan anak dengan baik? serta mensosialisasikan konsep perlindungan anak yang berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Dari hasil penelitian ditemui bahwa pelaku yang melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak laki-laki dibawah umur akan diberikan sanksi sesuai dengan aturan yang ada didalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan Undang- Undang Perlindungan Anak. Dalam menata perlindungan anak agar terbebas dari kekerasan seksual, maka setiap pihak yang berkaitan dengan anak, wajib bekerjasama. Konsep perlindungan anak yang diperkenalkan adalah suatu konsep yang mendukung pemenuhan anak didalam praktek keseharian, bukan hanya didalam aturan tertulis saja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 402,
"width": 248,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "kata kunci : Anak, Kegagalan, Perlindungan, Prostitusi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 427,
"width": 73,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 449,
"width": 329,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Sangat tidak beruntung anak Indonesia pada zaman ini, jika kita menonton televisi dan menyaksikan berita, kita melihat perlindungan anak sangat memilukan sekali, jika kita baca media massa baik cetak ataupun elektronik kita melihat di daerah mana pun di Indonesia, anak-anak tidak lagi diberikan perlindungannya secara semestinya. Terjadi ketidakadilan didalam penegakan perlindungan anak di Indonesia, yang dikatakan sebagai sebuah Negara hukum yang berdemokrasi dan berasaskan Pancasila. Sungguh miris hal ini terjadi di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 273",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Seolah-olah kita semua menutup mata terhadap perlindungan anak di Indonesia, sadar atau tidak sadar kita mengetahui bahwa penerus bangsa ini adalah anak-anak yang sekarang perlindungannya tidak terpenuhi. 5 (lima), 10 (sepuluh) atau 15 (lima belas) tahun lagi mereka akan menjadi dewasa, dan merekalah “anak-anak Indonesia” yang memegang tonggak es-tafet negara dan pemerintahan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Jangan sampai perlindungan anak terabaikan, sehingga ini menjadi bom atom yang siap meledak kapan saja, tanpa bisa dijinakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 220,
"width": 329,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Lihatlah hari ini banyak terjadi kasus-kasus pelanggaran perlindungan anak, dari hak anak tidak dipenuhi, anak dieksploitasi secara pribadi atau massal demi kepentingan segelintir rang, anak terjerumus dalam dunia hitam atau kriminal, bahkan banyak anak yang menjadi korban pelecehan seksual, pemukulan yang dampaknya bisa cacat permanen bahkan menghilangkan nyawa anak. Hal ini seperti menjadi tontonan sehari-hari yang bisa kita nikmati atau yang kita baca, namun menjadi sebuah pertanyaan klasik, apa yang sudah kita lakukan terkait hal tersebut? Jawaban ini tentunya tidak perlu dijawab, tapi cukup renungkan saja di dalam pemikiran dan perbuatan kita sehari-hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 410,
"width": 330,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Apakah dengan banyaknya aturan hukum yang mengatur hukum perlindungan anak, mulai dari Undang-Undang Dasar Tahun 1945, Kitab Undang-Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan, Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengesahan Optional Protocol To The Convention On The Child On The Involvement Of Children In Armed Conflict (Protolol Opsional Konvensi Hak-Hak Anak Menghindari Keterlibatan Anak Dalam Konflik), Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengesahan Protocol To The Convention On The Rights Of The Child On The Sale Of Children, Child Prostitution an Child Pornography (Protokol Opsional Konvensi Hak-Hak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "274 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Anak) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak bahkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 Tentang Kebiri, sudah menyatakan bahwa anak aman dilindungi di dalam tumbuh kembangnya di Indonesia? Tentulah jawaban ini Cuma 2 (dua) pilihan yaitu iya atau tidak, dengan penjelasan yang nantinya sangat panjang sekali didalam perdebatannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 205,
"width": 329,
"height": 295,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Perkembangan sekarang anak-anak banyak anak yang dieksploitasi secara ekonomi untuk menempatkan keuntungan semata oleh para pihak-pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Lihat saja disekitar kita banyak anak-anak yang dipekerjakan menjadi buruh dengan total kerja yang sangat banyak sekali, diluar kemampuannya sebagai anak yang semestinya. Selain itu anak juga banyak dieksploitasi oleh para pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab tersebut atau bahkan kepada orang tua yang beralasan untuk membantu perekonomian keluarganya. Lihat saja di persimpangan lampu merah atau tempat-tempat umum di kota besar, banyak anak yang berprofesi menjadi pengamen atau menjadi pengemis untuk mengumpulkan uang recehan atau uang ribuan yang diberikan oleh masyarakat. Hal ini dianggap menjadi fenomena yang biasa saja di dalam perkembangan kehidupan sekarang, bahkan di saat hari raya idul fitri jumlah anak yang menjadi pengemis atau pengamen semakin meningkat sekali, karena banyak masyarakat yang beragama Islam memberikan zakat nya kepada seorang anak yang dianggap mereka layak untuk diberi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 504,
"width": 329,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Fenomena yang sekarang menjadi gunung es dan siap mencair adalah fenomena eksploitasi anak perempuan oleh beberapa yang tidak bertanggungjawab, dimana anak perempuan dijadikan objek pemuas nafsu lelaki bejat, atau menjadi Pekerja Seks Komersial. Dimana pelaku yang membawa anak perempuan tersebut yang biasanya disebut germo alias mami atau papi akan meraup keuntungan yang sangat besar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 275",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "untuk memperdagangkan anak tersebut kepada lelaki bejat tersebut. Hal ini juga akan berkaitan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang selain diatur oleh undang-undang yang telah disebutkan di atas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 142,
"width": 329,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Perkembangannya anak laki-laki pun menjadi objek yang ikut terjerumus dalam kasus ini, dimana anak laki-laki akan dijual kepada tante-tante girang yang tidak puas akan nafsu seksnya. Jika kita mengikuti perkembangan berita yang ditayangngkan di media elektronik atau cetak, kita melihat anak laki-laki akan diundi seperti “kocok arisan”, siapa yang keluar dial ah yang akan mendapatkan anak laki-laki yang diundi dalam komunitas mereka tersebut, untuk menemani seorang tante-tante girang tersebut. Dan lebih gila lagi, pada hari ini telah terjadi penyimpangan yang lebih sangat gila di dalam perkembangan penegakan hukum perlindungan anak, dimana anak laki-laki dijadikan objek pelayan nafsu bagi rang yang memiliki penyimpangan perlilaku yang disebut orang banyak dengan LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual dan Transgender).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 364,
"width": 329,
"height": 248,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pada tanggal 30 Agustus 2016 hari selasa, Bareskrim Polri mengungkap kasus jaringan prostitusi anak di bawah umur untuk kaum gay, di wilayah Cipayung, Puncak, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Kasus ini sendiri pengungkapannya terbongkar melalui patroli cyber. Dalam penggerebekan yang dilakukan di Hotel Cipayung Asri, polisi mengamankan satu tersangka berinisial AR (41 tahun). Selain menangkap AR, polisi juga mengamankan tujuh korban anak laki-laki, enam orang di bawah umur dan satu korban berusia 18 tahun. AR kerap menampilkan foto-foto korban di akun Facebooknya dengan tarif yang telah ditentukan. Kepada pelanggan, mucikari mematok tarif Rp 1,2 juta. Sementara anak- anak korban diberi Rp 100 - Rp 200 ribu. Lebih lanjut Direktur Tindak Pidana Ekonomi Khusus Bareskrim Polri Brigadir Jenderal Pol Agung Setya mengungkapkan, total korban prostitusi anak untuk kaum gay paedofil terdata sebanyak 103 orang. Dari jumlah itu, sebanyak 27 di antaranya masuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "276 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "katergori anak-anak yang berusia 13 hingga 17 tahun. Sementara sisanya merupakan laki-laki usia dewasa sekitar 18 hingga 23 tahun. Hingga saat ini, polisi telah menangkap tiga tersangka yakni AR, U, dan E 1 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 127,
"width": 329,
"height": 264,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "AR dan U berperan sebagai mucikari, sementara E sebagai pengguna, perekrut, dan membantu AR menyediakan rekening untuk menampung hasil kejahatannya. Para pelaku yang berperan sebagai mucikari berkomunikasi dengan korban melalui telepon genggam. Untuk mempersiapkan Anak-anak yang jadi korban AR dan U seltap waktu siap untuk dipesan. Modusnya adalah Anak-anaknya tetap di rumah masing- masing tetap lakukan aktivitas biasa, tapi mereka komunikasi dengan ponsel, anak-anak ready on call. Para korban, kata dia, berasal dari kalangan ekonomi menengah ke bawah. Penyidik masih melakukan pendalaman informasi dari keterangan yang diberikan pelaku dan korban. Dari sana penyidik bisa mengincar pelaku lainnya, dari muncikari hingga pengguna anak laki- laki tersebut. AR tersangka kasus jaringan prostitusi anak di bawah umur untuk kaum gay, diketahui baru tiga bulan tinggal di tempat kos di Kampung Girangsari, RT 1 RW 8, Kelurahan Harjasari, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor 2 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 395,
"width": 329,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Dari keterangan pemilik kos Sukarto menuturkan, tersangka jarang berkomunikasi dengan warga sekitar. Kepada dirinya, tersangka mengaku bekerja sebagai karyawan sebuah tempat makan di Bogor. Sukarto mengatakan, warga sekitar terkejut setelah pelaku ternyata terlibat jaringan prostitusi anak di bawah umur. Dalam kesehariannya, kata Sukarto, tersangka sering beraktivitas pada pagi hari. AR terlihat sering membawa anak laki-laki siang hari ke dalam kosnya. Sehari-hari dia tidak suka kumpul atau ngobrol dengan orang-orang sini. Keluar juga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 546,
"width": 326,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "1 Kompas, Korban Prostitusi Untuk Kaum Gay Capai 103 Orang, Usia 13- 23 Tahun, http://regional.kompas.com/read/2016/09/02/14593621/usia.korban. prostitusi.anak.berkisar.13-17.tahun, diakses 2 September 2016 WIB.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 576,
"width": 328,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "2 Kompas, Komentar Pengelola Hotel Soal Bisnis Prostitusi Untuk Kaum Gay Di Bogor, http://regional.kompas.com/read/2016/08/31/18452601/komentar.pengelola. hotel.soal.bisnis.prostitusi.untuk.kaum.gay.di.bogor, diakses 2 September 2016 WIB.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 277",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "tidak tentu. Ketua RT setempat Komarudin menambahkan, dalam penggeledahan yang dilakukan polisi, ditemukan setumpuk dus berisi kondom. Tersangka sering mengumpulkan anak-anak dua hari sekali. Ia menduga, tempat kosnya itu dijadikan sebagai tempat kumpul sebelum melakukan transaksi 3 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 142,
"width": 329,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Hal ini menandakan bahwa perlindungan terhadap anak sudah gagal di Indonesia, bahkan sampai keluarnya peraturan prseiden yang terbaru pada tahun 2016 ini berkaitan dengan perlindungan anak sebagai korban seksual pun dianggap penulis tetap saja gagal. Sampai saat ini masih saja terjadi pelanggaran perlindungan anak di setiap darerah Indonesia, setiap saat anak siap diterkam seperti harimau menerkam mangsanya. Hal ini akibat posisi anak yang cukup rentan di dalam kehidupan sosial bermasyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 286,
"width": 329,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Tulisan ini akan mencoba memabahas kegagalan negara di dalam pemenuhan perlindungan anak sebagai generasi penerus bangsa, menyajikan bentuk-bentuk perlindungan anak terutama menanggulangi bahaya prostitusi di Indonesia, dan menggagas teori perlindungan anak berkelanjutan terhadap bahaya prostitusi sebagai suatu bentuk rantai yang tidak akan putus dimakan waktu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 398,
"width": 329,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Penelitian karya ilmiah ini, berjenis penelitian hukum normatif ( yuridis normatif) 4 . Pada penelitian yuridis normatif penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mengkaji dan meneliti partisipasi orang tua di dalam perlindungan anak yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini akan melihat nilai ilmiah suatu pembahasan dan pemecahan masalah terhadap legal issue dengan cara pendekatan- pendekatan (approach) yang digunakan, antara lain:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 507,
"width": 312,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pendekatan Perundang-undangan 1. (Statute Approach).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 522,
"width": 295,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pendekatan perundang-undangan merupakan suatu hal",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 556,
"width": 329,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "3 Kompas, Tersangka Prostitusi Kaum Gay Sering Bawa Anak Laki-Laki Ke Kamar, http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2016/09/02/14405741/ tersangka. prostitusi.kaum.gay.sering.bawa.anak.laki-laki.ke.kamar.kosnya, diakses 2 September 2016 WIB.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 596,
"width": 328,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "4 Zainuddin Ali, 2010, Metode Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta, Sinar Grafika, h. 30.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "278 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 62,
"width": 295,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "yang mutlak dalam penelitian yuridis normatif, karena yang akan diteliti adalah berbagai aturan hukum yang menjadi fokus sekaligus tema sentral suatu penelitian. Pendekatan perundang-undangan dilakukan dengan menelaah semua undang-undang dan regulasi yang bersangkut paut dengan isu hukum yang sedang ditangani 5 yaitu isu perlindungan anak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 171,
"width": 312,
"height": 233,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pendekatan Historis ( 2. Historical Approach) . Pendekatan historis dilakukan dalam kerangka pelacakan sejarah lembaga hukum dari waktu ke waktu. Pendekatan ini sangat membantu peneliti untuk memahami filosofi dari aturan hukum dari waktu ke waktu. Disamping itu, melallui pendekatan demikian penelitian ini juga dapat memahami perubahan dan perkembangan filosofi yang melandasi aturan hukum tersebut. 6 Penelitian normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan sejarah memungkinkan seorang peneliti untuk memahami hukum secara lebih mendalam tentang suatu pengaturan hukum tertentu sehingga dapat memperkecil kekeliruan, baik dalam pemahaman maupun penerapan suatu lembaga atau ketentuan hukum tertentu 7 yaitu aturan perlindungan anak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 405,
"width": 102,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pendekatan Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 405,
"width": 312,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "3. (Case Approach) . Berbeda dengan penelitian sosial 8 , pendekatan kasus (case approach), dalam penelitian normatif bertujuan untuk mempelajari penerapan norma-norma atau kaidah hukum yang dilakukan dalam praktik hukum. 9 Pendekatan kasus (case approach) tidak sama dengan studi kasus (case study).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 516,
"width": 329,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "5 Johnny Ibrahim, 2006, Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif , Jawa Timur, Bayu Media Publishing, h. 302.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 536,
"width": 287,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "6 Ibid, h. 126. 7 Satjipto Raharjo, 1986, Ilmu Hukum, Bandung, Alumni Bandung, h. 332.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 556,
"width": 329,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "8 Marnasse Malo dan Sri Trisnongtias menjelaskan bahwa Tujuan pokok dari Penelitian Sosial (yang tentunya bersifat ilmiah), adalah menjelaskan gejala- gejala sosial yang ada dalam suatu masyarakat. Marnasse Malo dan Sri Trisnongtias, 1997, Metode Penelitian Masyarakat, Jakarta, Pusat Antara Universitas Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Unversitas Indonesia, h. 19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 606,
"width": 130,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "9 Johnny Ibrahim, Op.cit, hal 321.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 279",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 62,
"width": 296,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Dalam pendekatan kasus beberapa kasus ditelaah untuk dijadikan referensi bagi suatu isu hukum. Sedangkan studi kasus (case study), adalah suatu studi terhadap kasus-kasus tertentu dilihat dari berbagai aspek hukum perlindungan anak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 150,
"width": 69,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 172,
"width": 330,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Teori yang dipakai dalam tulisan ini adalah teori hak asasi manusia dan teori pelindungan hukum. Menurut Satijipto Raharjo 10 , perlindungan hukum adalah memberikan pengayoman terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) yang dirugikan orang lain dan perlindungan itu di berikan kepada masyarakat agar dapat menikmati semua hak-hak yang diberikan oleh hukum. Senada dengan itu Menurut Phillipus M. Hadjon 11 bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat sebagai tindakan pemerintah yang bersifat preventif 12 dan represif 13 . Ada beberapa teori yang penting dan relevan dengan persoalan Hak Asasi Manusia, antara lain, yaitu: teori hak-hak kodrati ( natural rights theory ), teori positivisme ( positivist theory ) dan teori relativisme budaya ( cultural relativist theory ). Menurut teori hak-hak kodrati, Hak Asasi Manusia adalah hak-hak yang dimiliki oleh semua orang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 406,
"width": 329,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "10 Satijipto Raharjo, 2000 , Ilmu Hukum, Bandung, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, h. 54. 11 Philipus M. Hadjon, 1987, Perlindungan hukum Bagi Rakyat Indonesia, Surabaya, Bina Ilmu, h. 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 446,
"width": 329,
"height": 172,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "12 Pada perlindungan hukum preventif ini, subyek hukum diberikan kesempatan untuk mengajukan keberatan atau pendapatnya sebelum suatu keputusan pemerintah mendapat bentuk yang definitif. Tujuannya adalah mencegah terjadinya sengketa. Perlindungan hukum preventif sangat besar artinya bagi tindak pemerintahan yang didasarkan pada kebebasan bertindak karena dengan adanya perlindungan hukum yang preventif pemerintah terdorong untuk bersifat hati-hati dalam mengambil keputusan yang didasarkan pada diskresi. Di indonesia belum ada pengaturan khusus mengenai perlindungan hukum preventif. 13 Perlindungan hukum yang represif bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa. Penanganan perlindungan hukum oleh Pengadilan Umum dan Peradilan Administrasi di Indonesia termasuk kategori perlindungan hukum ini. Prinsip perlindungan hukum terhadap tindakan pemerintah bertumpu dan bersumber dari konsep tentang pengakuan dan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak asasi manusia karena menurut sejarah dari barat, lahirnya konsep-konsep tentang pengakuan dan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak asasi manusia diarahkan kepada pembatasan-pembatasan dan peletakan kewajiban masyarakat dan pemerintah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "280 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 62,
"width": 330,
"height": 342,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "setiap saat dan di semua tempat oleh karena manusia dilahirkan sebagai manusia. Hak-hak tersebut termasuk hak untuk hidup, kebebasan dan harta kekayaan seperti yang diajukan oleh John Locke. Pengakuan tidak diperlukan bagi Hak Asasi Manusia, baik dari pemerintah atau dari suatu sistem hukum, karena Hak Asasi Manusia bersifat universal. Berdasarkan alasan ini, sumber Hak Asasi Manusia sesungguhnya semata-mata berasal dari manusia 14 . Teori positivisme secara tegas menolak pandangan teori hak-hak kodrati. Keberatan utama teori ini adalah karena hak-hak kodrati sumbernya dianggap tidak jelas. Menurut positivisme suatu hak mestilah berasal dari sumber yang jelas, seperti dari peraturan perundang-undangan atau konstitusi yang dibuat oleh negara. Dengan perkataan lain, jika pendukung hak-hak kodrati menurunkan gagasan mereka tentang hak itu dari Tuhan, nalar atau pengandaian moral yang a priori , kaum positivis berpendapat bahwa eksistensi hak hanya dapat diturunkan dari hukum negara 15 . Keberatan lainnya terhadap teori hak-hak kodrati berasal dari teori relativisme budaya ( cultural relativist theory ) yang memandang teori hak-hak kodrati dan penekanannya pada universalitas sebagai suatu pemaksaan atas suatu budaya terhadap budaya yang lain yang diberi nama imperalisme budaya ( cultural imperalism ) 16 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 416,
"width": 212,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Ancaman Pidana bagi orientasi seksual",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 416,
"width": 15,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "A.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 437,
"width": 329,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pengertian kekerasan terhadap perlindungan anak menurut Emeliana Krisnawati menyatakan bahwa: 1) kegiatan yang menunjukkan suatu keuatan tertentu yang sifatnya keras dan mengandung paksaan/kekejaman baik secara fisik, mental baik lansung atau tidak; 2) pidana: kejahatan dengan kekerasan meliputi penganiayaan kekejaman, pemakaian senjata tajam,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 546,
"width": 329,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "14 Todung Mulya Lubis, 1993, In search of Human Rights Legal-Political Dilemmas of Indonesia’s New Order, 1966-1990 , S.J.D Dissertaion, (Berkeley: Boalt H.l Law School – University of California, 1990) didalam Satya Arinanto, 2001, Bahan Bacaan Politik Hukum 2 , Jakarta, Program Pasca Sarjana FHUI, h. 13.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 586,
"width": 329,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "15 Scott Davidson, 1994, Hak Asasi Manusia, Sejarah, Teori dan Praktek dalam Pergaulan Internasional , Jakarta, Grafiti, h. 40.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 606,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "16 Ibid , h. 19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 281",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "senjata api, alat lain yang dipakai untuk melukai penerima tindakan tersebut; 3) tindakan secara lansung, menyatakan bahwa anak secara lansung menerima perlakuan fisik sehingga anak menjadi korban, tindakan yang tidak sesuai dengan hak asasi yang mengakibatkan kerugian fisik, mental, sosial, tindakan yang bertentangan dengan prinsip perlindungan anak; 4) kekerasan tidak lansung, anak secara psikis menjadi tanggung terganggu akibat kesaksian terhadap kekerasan diri seseorang terhadap orang lain melalui mass media; 5) aspek kesehatan jiwa diakibatkan perlakuan penganiayaan/kekejaman/kekerasan dari pihak orang dewasa atau orang tua terhadap anaknya. Bagi anak yang dieksploitasi secara ekonomi dan seksual, anak yang diperdagangkan, anak yang menjadi korban narkoba, alcohol, psikotropika dan zat adiktif lainnya (napza), penculikan, korban kekerasan baik fisik atau mental, anak yang menyandang cacat, korban penelantaran, pemerintah dan lembaga negara lainnya berkewajiban dan bertanggung jawab memberikan perlindungan khusus. 17",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 345,
"width": 329,
"height": 233,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Homoseksual adalah orientasi seksual di mana seseorang memiliki ketertarikan seksual kepada sesame jenis kelaminnya. Lesbian merupakan istilah untuk homoseks perempuan, gay untuk homoseks laki-laki, dan biseksula adalah orientasi seksual di mana seseorang memiliki ketertarikan baik kepada laki-laki maupun perempuan sedankan adalah laki-laki yang mematamorafase dirinya atau mengganti alamat kelaminnya menjadi perempuan ataupun sebaliknya. Saat ini homoseksual juga dikenal dengan istilah LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, Trannsgender). Definisi tersebut bukan definisi mutlak mengingat hal ini diperumit dengan adanya beberapa komponen biologis dan psikologis dari seks dan gender, dan dengan itu seseorang mungkin tidak seratus persen pas dengan kategori di mana ia digolongkan. Beberapa orang bahkan menganggap ofensif perihal pembedaan gender (dan pembedaan orientasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 596,
"width": 329,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "17 Emaliana Krisnawati, 2005, Aspek Hukum Perlindungan Anak, Bandung, CV. Utomo, h. 46-48.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "282 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 62,
"width": 42,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "seksual)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "18 . Homosekualitas dapat mengacu kepada: 1) Orientasi seksual yang ditandai dengan kesukaan seseorang dengan orang lain yang mempunyai jenis kelamin secara biologis atau identitas gender yang sama; 2) Perilaku seksual dengan seseorang yang sama tidak pedulu orientasi seksual atau identitas gender; 3) Identitas seksual atau identifikasi diri, yang mungkin dapat mengacu kepada perilaku homoseksual atau orientasi homoseksual.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 189,
"width": 330,
"height": 233,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Ancaman tindakan asusila laki-laki anak dibawah umur oleh kaum LGBT ini bisa dianggap sebagai suatu kejahatan. Definisi kejahatan yang merupakan produk sosial, oleh para pakar dibedakan menjadi dua, yakni perbuatan mala probhita dan mala in se. Perbuatan yang didefinisikan sebagai mala probhita menunjuk pada perbuatan yang tidak dengan sendirinya di pandang buruk, akan tetapi karena hukum mendefinisikannya sebagai pelanggaran atau kejahatan. Sementara mala in se adalah perbuatan yang buruk dengan sendirinya, perilaku terlarang yang didasarkan kesepakatan atau consensus luas tentang tata atau norma kelakuan bagi satu larangan 19 . Dengan demikian ada perbuatan yang buruk dinilai oleh masyarakat dengan ukuran norma-norma sosial sebagai perbuatan jahat meskipun menurut norma hukum (khususnya hukum pidana) perbuatan itu bukan perbuatan jahat 20 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 426,
"width": 329,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Kurun waktu dalam beberapa bulan terakhir ini kita sering mendengar informasi baik melalui media cetak, elektronik maupun media sosial tentang terjadinya pelecehan seksual, sodomi terhadap anak-anak Indonesia yang menjadi generasi penerus kita semua. Hal ini menandakan bahwa perlindungan anak di Indonesia sudah dinyatakan darurat. Menurut ajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 536,
"width": 329,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "18 Dayu Medina, Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Pengungsi Homoseksual Berdasarakan Hukum Internasional, Jurnal Yustisia, Universitas Andalas, Volume 22 nomor 2, 2015, h. 39.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 566,
"width": 328,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "19 Frank E. Hagan, 2013, Pengantar Kriminologi (Teori, Metode, dan Perilaku Kriminal Edisi Ketujuh), Jakarta, Kencana, h. 9.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 586,
"width": 329,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "20 Riswan Erfa, Kriminalisasi Perbuatan Cabul Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pasangan Sesam Jenis Kelamin (Homoseksual), Jurnal Arena, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya, Volume 8, Nomor 2, h. 239.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 283",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Islam, anak adalah anugerah dan sekaligus amanat dari Allah swt. Ia berhak hidup sejahtera serta bahagia lahir dan batin, baik di dunia maupun di akhirat. Setiap anak, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan berhak memperoleh pemeliharaan dengan penuh kasih sayang, sebab anak yang baru dilahirkan sampai usia tertentu belum bisa hidup secara mandiri sehingga memerlukan perawatan dan pemeliharaan dengan penuh kasih sayang dari kedua orang tuanya, terutama dari ibunya 21 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 189,
"width": 329,
"height": 358,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Lebih lanjut Riswan Erfa menyatakan bahwa perubahan sosial membawa permasalahan hukum yang tidak bisa kita pyngkiri pada era yang makin maju ini. Kondisi demikian membuat instrument hukum pidana terlihat ketinggalan dan kurang memadai bagi perubahan sosial itu. Hal demikian menurut hukum pidana untuk mengikuti perubahan itu dan mengatasi permasalahan hukum yang menganggu keseimbangan hukum di masyarakat. Salah satu contohnya adalah masalah mengenai perbuatan cabul sesama jenis kelamin atau homeseksual. Perbuatan cabul sesame jenis atau homeseksual merupakan bagian dari materi terkait norma kesusilaan. Kejahatan kesusilaan dalam hukum pidana Indonesia, salah satunya dapat dicermati dalam Bab XIV di Buku ke-II KUHP. Ketentuan memgenai delik pelanggaran kesusilaan ini dibentuk oleh pembentuk undang-undang dengan maksud memberikan perlindungan kepada orang-orang yang dipandang perlu untuk mendapatkan perlindungan terhadap tindakan-tindakan asusila atau ontuchte handelingen dan terhadap perilaku-perilaku baik dalam bentuk kata-kata maupun dalam bentuk perbuatan- perbuatan yang menyinggung rasa susila. Yang demikian didasarkan pada adanya tentang kepatutan di bidang kehidupan seksual, baik dilihat dari perspektif masyarakat setempat maupun dari kebiasaan-kebiasaan masyarakat setempat 22 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 576,
"width": 329,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "21 Fahrudin Faiz, 2016, Perlindungan Anak, Antra Fitrah dan Uswah Rasulullah, Jakarta, Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia, h. 64-71.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 596,
"width": 328,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "22 PAF. Lamintang, Theo Lamintang, 2011, Delik-delik Khusus Kejahatan Melanggar Norma Kesusilaan dan Norma Kepatutan, Jakarta, Sinar Grafika, h. 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "284 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 62,
"width": 330,
"height": 498,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Riswan Erfa juga memandang bahwa hukum menganai perbuatan cabul yang dilakukan oleh pasangan sesame jenis, dapat kita cermati dari rumusan Pasal 292 KUHP, dimana Pasal 292 KUHP menyatakan bahwa orang dewasa yang melakukan perbuatan cabul dengan orang lain sesama kelamin, yang diketahuinya atau sepatutnya harus didugannya belum dewasa, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama lima tahun. Menurut P.A.F Lamintang dan Theo Lamintang menyatakan bahwa pasal ini memiliki unsur subjektif maupununsur objektif. Dijelaskan rindak pidana melakukan tindakan melanggar kesusilaan oleh orang dewasa dengan anak di bawah umur yang dimaksudkan ketentuan pidana yang di atur dalam PAsal 292 KUHP terdiri atas unsur-unsur: a) unsur-unsur subjektif, yang ia ketahui atau sepantasnya harus dapat ia duga; b) unsur-unsur objektif, seorang dewasa, melakukan tindakan melanggar kesusilaan, seorang anak belum dewasa dari jenis kelamin yang sama, kebelum dewasaan 23 . Konsep ini dengan jelas mengatur ancaman pidana bagi orang dewasa baik laki-laki maupun perempuan yang melakukan perbuatan cabul terhadap orang yang belum dewasa dan orang yang belum dewasa tersebut memiliki jenis kelamin yang sama dengannya. Sementara kenyataan dimasyarakat menunjukkan perkembangan komunitas homoseksual, baik gay maupun lesbiab berkembang pesat di Indonesia. Berdasarkan konsep pasal tersebut, kita dapat memahami bahwa hukum pidana tidak mengatur tentang bagaimana ancaman perbuatan cabul yang dilakukan oleh dewasa yang memilki jenis kelamin yan sama. Hal demikian membuat kekosongan norma hukum ( vacuum f norm ) 24 . Marc Ancel dalam social defence juga menyatakan bahwa di tengah masyarakat Indonesia permasalahan perbuatan cabul yang dilakukan oleh pasangan dengan jenis kelamin yang sama menjadi patalogi sosial 25 . Dalam teori hukum, dikenal ajaran “hukum sebagai alat rekayasa sosial”, hukum mengatur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 576,
"width": 23,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "23 Ibid.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 586,
"width": 68,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "24 Riswam, h. 240.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 596,
"width": 329,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "25 Barda Nawawi Arief, 2010, Kebijakan Legislatif Dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Dengan Pidana Penjara, Yogyakarta, Genta Publishing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 285",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "masalah dalam masyarajat. Meskipun, intervensi dalam masalah ini akan dianggap sebagai intervensi negara dalam hak pribadi. Perkembangan sosio kultural lain yang ada di masyarakat menunjukan satu gejala, yaitu ada orang yang melakukan perbuatan cabul dengan jenis kelamin yang sama 26 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 142,
"width": 329,
"height": 312,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Perbuatan cabul yang dilakukan oleh orang yang memiliki kelainan suka sesame jenis, dan orientasinya pada saat ini adalah anak-anak laki, perlu dijadikan sebuah tindak pidana (delik) di Indonesia dapat didasarkan pada tiga hal mendasar, yakni dasar yuridis, teoritis dan sosiologis. Pertama, dasar yuridis bisa didasarkan pada Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2012 yang memberikan landasan bagi pembentukan peraturan perundnag- undangan, termasuk di dalamnya pembentukan norma hukum pidana, selnjutnya sila pertama dalam Pancasila yang diamanatkan oleh pembentuk undang-undang sebagai sumber dari segala sumber hukum negara, kemudian beberapa Pasal dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yang menjadi dasar pembentukan satu norma hukum tersebut, kemudian Pasal 1 ayat (1) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum PIdana yang mengatur mengenai asas legalitas 27 , kemudian dalam dari pada itu adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak dan Terakhir adalah Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 Tentang Kebiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 457,
"width": 330,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Kedua, dasar teoritis, bisa didasarkan bahwa kriminilisasi perbuatan cabul terhadap perbuatan cabul yang dilakukan oleh pasangan sesame jenis kelamin telah memenuhi kriteria umum kriminalisasi yang didukung oleh bentuk teori kriminilisasi, teori moral, teori Feinberg , dan teori paternalism. Selain itu juga di dukung oleh teori hukum alam yang menegaskan pembentukan suatu hukum tidak bisa dipisahkan dari nilai moral, bahkan dalam pandangan teori hukum positivism kriminilisasi terhadap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 596,
"width": 69,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "26 Riswam, h. 241.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 606,
"width": 23,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "27 Ibid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "286 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 217,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "perbuatan sesame jenis kelamin bisa diterima dengan dasar-dasar yuridis. Kemudian dalam pandangan teori HAM permsalahan kriminilisasi perbuatan cabul dilakukan oleh pasangan sesame jenis kelamin bisa diterima dengan mendasar pada teori Hak Asasi Manusia, positivis, teori Hak Asasi Manusia relativis kultural, ditmabah pandangan Hak Asasi Manusia partikularitas relatif. Ketiga, dasar sosiologis, bahwa perbuatan cabul yang dilakukan oleh pasangan sesama jenis tentu bisa dinilai sebagai suatu perbuatan yang tidak sejalan dengan jiwa bangsa, reaksi masyarakat yang melakukan penolakan terhadap aktivitas homoseksual, yang bisa didasarkan pada survey terkait hal tersebut, corak masyarakat hukum adat yang tergambar dalam corak hukum adat yang religio masgis menutup bagi masuknya aktivitas homoseksual 28 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 291,
"width": 317,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Perlindungan Anak terutama dan Prostitusi di indonesia b.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 312,
"width": 329,
"height": 281,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Menurut data Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI) tahun 2005, kasus kekerasan atau penganiayaan menduduki nomor urut dua setelah pengasuhan anak, yaitu sebanyak 42 kasus terlapor atau sebesar 21,8%. Kasus perdagangan anak (trafficking) sebesar 29 kasus (15,4%). Sedangkan sisanya, seperti kasus eksploitasi (seksual/ekonomi), penculikan anak, tindakan kriminal, diskriminasi, penelantaran, serta perlakuan salah lainnya. Kemudian, pada tahun 2006 dan 2007, kekerasan atau penganiayaan sebanyak 47 kasus (12,5%) dan trafficking 42 kasus (11,17%). Sisanya, seperti kasus eksploitasi (seksual/ ekonomi), penculikan anak, tindakan kriminal, diskriminasi, dan penelantaran. Data KPAI mencantat 21.689.797 kasus kekerasan telah menimpa anak-anak Indonesia dalam kurun 4 (empat) tahun terakhir (2010-2014) dan terjadi di 34 provinsi dan 179 kabupaten/kota. Dari angka tersebut sebayank 42- 58%, merupakan kejahatan seksual terhadap anak. Selebihnya adalah kasus kekerasan fisik dan penelantaran anak. Data dan korban kejahatan seksual terhadap anak setiap tahun terjadi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 606,
"width": 23,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "28 Ibid.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 287",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "peningkatan. Pada tahun 2010 ada 2.046 kasus, di antaranya, 42% kejahatan seksual. Pada tahun 2011 terjadi 2.426 kasus (58% kejahatan seksual) dan tahun 2012 ada 2.637 kasus (62% kejahatan seksual). Pada tahun 2013 ada 3.339 kasus dengan kejahatan seksual sebesar 62% dan pada tahun 2014 (januari- april) terjadi sebanyak 600 kasus atau 876 korban, di antaranya 137 kasus adalah pelaku anak 29 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 174,
"width": 329,
"height": 217,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Kita sepertinya seakan lupa atau sengaja lupa, bahwa anak sebagai bagian dari keluarga dan keluarga memberi kesempatan bagi anak untuk belajar tingkah laku yang penting untuk perkembangan yang cukup baik dalam kehidupan bersama. Dari beberapa terminologi hukum yang ada, pada prinsipnya anak adalah pribadi yang memiliki tanggung jawab masa depan bangsa, namun anak masih memerlukan orang tua dalam memelihara, mendidik dan mengarahkan dalam mencapai kedewasaannya 30 . Anak mempunyai eksistensi sebagai anak manusia yang merupakan totalitas kehidupan dan kemanusiaan. Benarkah hak-hak anak sudah menjadi realitas dunia, masih banyak bentuk-bentuk eksploitasi, kekerasan, diskriminasi baik secara nyata maupun terselubung. Sampai saat ini problematika anak belum menarik masyarakat dan pemerintah 31 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 395,
"width": 329,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Semakin banyaknya kasus-kasus perlindungan anak, tentunya sangat merugikan anak-anak Indonesia kedepannya. Kasus yang paling ditakuti adalah segala bentuk kasus yang menghancurkan kehidupannya ketika masih kanak-kanak atau masih usia umur anak. Dengan adanya kasus perlindungan anak laki-laki yang dijadikan objek pemuas nafsu bagi laki- laki yang sudah dewasa akibat penyimpangan sosialnya, semakin membuka mata kita bahwa kasus prostitusi ataupun penjualan anak-anak tidak hanya melanda anak perempuan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 556,
"width": 329,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "29 Rila Saraswati, 2015, Hukum Perlindungan Anak di Indonesia, Bandung, Citra Aditya Bakti, h. 10.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 576,
"width": 329,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "30 Siska Lis Sulistiani, 2015, Kedudukan Hukum Anak, Hasil Perkawinan Beda Agama Menurut Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam, Bandung, Refika Aditama, h. 15- 16. 31 Emaliana, h. 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "288 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "saja, tetapi anak laki-laki juga menjadi korban objek prostitusi, yang lebih gawatnya yang melakukannya adalah laki-laki yang sudah dewasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 111,
"width": 329,
"height": 265,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Menata bentuk-bentuk perlindungan harus dimulai dari sekarang, kalau tidak ini akan menghancurkan bangsa Indonesia kedepannya. Rencana aksi nasinal penghapusan eksploitasi seksual komersial anak adalah suatu program nasional untuk mencegah dan menghapuskan eksploitasi seksual komersial terhadap anak di Indonesia. Eksploitasi seksual komersial anak adalah penggunaan anak untuk tujuan seksual dengan imbalan tunai dan dalam bentuk lain antara anak, pembeli jasa seks perantara atau agen, dan pihak lain yang memperoleh keuntungan dari perdagangan seksualitas anak tersebut meliputi 32 : a) prostitusi anak yaitu penggunaan anak dalam kegiatan seksual denagan pembayaran atau dengan imbalan dalam bentuk lain; b) pornografi anak yaitu setiap representasi dengan saran apapun, pelibatan secara eksplisit seseorang anak dalam kegiatan seksual baik secara nyata maupun disimulasikan atau setiap representasi dari organ-organ seksual anak untuk tujuan seksual; c) pedagangan anak untuk tujuan seksual.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 379,
"width": 329,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Hakekat dan tujuan rencana aksi nasional pengahapusan ekploitasi seksual komersial anak untuk: a) menjamin peningkatan dan pemajuan atas upaya-upaya perlindungan terhadap korban eksploitasi seksual komersial anak, b) mewujudkan kegiatan-kegiatan baik yang bersifat preventif maupun refrentif dalam upaya melakukan tindakan pencegahan dan penanggulangan atas praktek-praktek eksploitasi seksual komersial anak, c) mendorong untuk adanya pembentukan dan atau penyempurnaan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan tindakan eksploitasi seksual komersial anak. Setiap anak tanpa diskriminasi apapun terlindungi dari kekerasan dan eksploitas seksula komersial dan dapat terpenuhi dalam konvensi tentang hak-hak anak, dalam suatu lingkungan yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 596,
"width": 329,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "32 Abdussalam dan Adri Desasfuryanto, 2016, Hukum Perlindungan Anak, Jakarta, PTIK, h. 124-125.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 289",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 171,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "menghormati kepentingan terbaik anak, menghargai pendangan- pandangan anak, dan yang mendukung kelansungan hidup mereka. Oleh karena itu, keluarga, masyarakat dan pemerintah mempunyai tugas kewajiban untuk memberikan kepada setiap anak tanpa diksriminasi atas dasar apapun perlindungan maksimum dari ancaman kekerasan dan eksploitasi seksual komersial dan sekaligus mengupayakan pemenuhan hak-hak anak terutama bagi mereka yang berisiko dan yang menjadi korban kekerasan dan eksploitasi seksual serta mengembangkan suatu lingkungan yang menghormati kepentingan terbaik anak dan yang mendukung kelansungan hidup anak 33 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 236,
"width": 329,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Untuk mencapai tujuan dalam melaksanakan tugas kewajiban tersebut diatas, maka diperlukan strategi sebagai berikut 34 :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 283,
"width": 312,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pengembangan koordinasi dan kerja sama antara 1. pemerintah dan non pemerintah termasuk kelompok anak-anak di tingkat nasional dan lokal serta ditingkat internasional dan regional guna merencanakan, melaksanakan, memantau dan mengevaluasi program pengahapusan Eksploitasi Seksual Komersial Anak (ESKA);",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 392,
"width": 295,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Penyediaan akses ke pendidik dasar dan layanan kesehatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 392,
"width": 312,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "2. seluas-luasnya kepada semua anak, pengembangan sumber pendapatn alternative bagi keluarga-keluarga yang rawan ESKA, pengarusutamaan hak-hak anak dan penguatan sistem hukum guna pencegahan ESKA;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 470,
"width": 312,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pengembangan dan atau penguatan hukum nasional 3. guna memberikan perlindungan kepada anak, antara lain dengan mengkriminalisasikan pelaku eksploitasi seksual anak dan memperlakukan anak sebagai korban dan menerapkan hukum pidana secara ekstrateritorial serta penguatan peran masyarakat sipil dalam perlindungan anak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 586,
"width": 329,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "33 Ibid, h. 124-125. 34 Abdussalam, 2007, Hukum Perlindungan Anak, Jakarta, Restu Agung, h. 120-121.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "290 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 62,
"width": 295,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pengarusatamaan pendekatan yang tidak bersifat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 62,
"width": 312,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "4. menghukum kepada korban ESK, penyediaan pelayanan pemulihan dan pengembangan sumber pendapatan alternative bagi korban ESKA dan keluarga mereka serta pengembangan budaya yang mendukung pengintegrasian kembali korban ke keluarga dan masyarakat; Pengembangan kapasitas anak agar mereka bisa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 155,
"width": 312,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "5. berpartisipasi secara maksimal dalam perencanaan, implementasi, pemantauan dan evaluasi program- program penghapusan ESKA termasuk dengan membentuk komite yang independen.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 236,
"width": 329,
"height": 233,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Kasus-kasus perdagangan (traffiching) anak untuk tujuan seksual diidentifikasikan terjadi di Indonesia. Dalam hal perdagangan anak untuk tujuan seksual secara lintas batas negara Indonesia merupakan negara asal dengan tujuan ke negara-negara tetangga sekitar Indonesia. Dengan demikian, menjadi nyata bahwa kegiatan eksploitasi seksual komersial anak merupakan kejahatan kemanusiaan ( crimes againsts humanity ) dan pelanggaran berat hak asasi manusia yang harus dibasmi sampai ke akar-akarnya dan diatangani secara sungguh- sungguh melalui rencana aksi nasional penghapusan eksploitasi seksual komersial anak dengan melibatkan semua pihak dengan potensi yang dimilikinya. Perumusan rencana aksi nasional pengahapusan eksploitasi seksual komersial anak (RAN-PESKA) di Indonesia merujuk kepada kesepakatan yang tertuang dalam empat instrument internasional atau regional sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 470,
"width": 329,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "a) konvensi tentang hak-hak anak ( convention on the rihgts of the child ), yang telah diratifikasi oleh Indonesia melalui Keputusan Presiden Nomor 36 Tahun 1990, b) deklarasi dan agenda aksi Stockholm disepakati pada tahun 1996, c) komitement dan rencana aksi Regional Kawasan Asia Timur dan Pasifik melawan eksploitasi seksual komersial anak ( Regional Comitment and Action Plan of the East and Pacific Region Againts Commercial Sexual Eksploitasi of Children ), di tanda tangani di Bangkok pada bulan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 291",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Oktober 2001; d) komitment global Yokohama, disepakati pada bulan desember 2001 35 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 96,
"width": 329,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Selain itu dalam menata perlindungan anak dari bahaya kekerasan seksual maka menurut penulis ada bebarapa konsep untuk menjauhkan anak dari bahaya kekerasan seksual, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 142,
"width": 295,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Orang tua harus mengawasi anak dalam memakai media",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 142,
"width": 312,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "1. sosial, karena pelaku-pelaku penjual anak ini melancarkan aksinya melalui media sosial seperti: facebook, tweeter, path, instagram, brad broadcast message, watshaap, line, dan lain sebagainya. Bahkan pelaku sendiri memiliki aplikasi untuk berkomunikasi dengan anak-anak;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 236,
"width": 295,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Anak-anak harus diawasi dalam menggunakan dunia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 236,
"width": 312,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "2. maya atau internet, karena anak bisa mengakses konten yang tidak sepatutnya harus diakses oleh anak 36 ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 283,
"width": 312,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Anak-anak harus diajarkan kesehatan produksi sejak dini 3. dan harus dimasukkan dalam kurikulum pendidikan, sehingga anak bisa mengatahui bahwa alat kelaminnya wajib dilindungi dan tidak boleh disentuh oleh oarng lain;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 361,
"width": 295,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Masyarakat melalui RT dan RW harus aktif dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 361,
"width": 312,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "4. mengontrol kehidupan anak-anak di sekita mereka, agar anak dapat bermain dan berkembang dengan layak; Kehidupan bertentangga harus ada silaturahmi, jangan 5. tetangga yang satu dengan tetangga yang lainnya cuek dalam berkehidupan rukun tetangga;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 454,
"width": 312,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Menghidupkan atau mengaktifkan kembali PKK dan 6. dasawisma yang dikenal pada zaman orde baru; dan Mengaktifkan kelembagaan-kelemabagaan masyarakat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 485,
"width": 312,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "7. sebagai poin-poin penting menunjukkan kelembagaan yang aktif pada anak dan membawa pembelajaran positf bagi anak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 586,
"width": 68,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "35 Ibid, h. 122-123.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 596,
"width": 329,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "36 Damnhuri Muhammad, Anak-Anak Dunia Maya, Harian Kompas, 14 Januari 2016, h. 7.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "292 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Terhadap konsep-konsep dalam menata dan pemenuhan perlindungan terhadap anak, terutama dalam kasus kekerasan seksual terhadap anak maka harus digaris bawahi bahwa setiap pelacuran kepada anak adalah kekerasan, dengan ini menandakan bahwa pelacuran tidak boleh dan itu adalah sebuah tindak pidana, yang nantinya akan memberikan sanksi hukum bagi para pelaku kekerasan seksual pada anak ataupun yang menjual anak berkaitan dengan seksual, baik anak-anak itu berjenis kelamin laki-laki atau perempuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 213,
"width": 329,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Menggagas teori Perlindungan Anak terhadap bahaya C. Prostitusi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 250,
"width": 329,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Konsep “bekelanjutan” merupakan konsep yang sering digunakan dalam kajian lingkungan dan hukum lingkungan yang dikaitkan dengan pembangunan berkelanjutan ( sustainable development ) 37 . Berkelanjutan sendiri menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia adalah suatu kegiatan yang terus-menerus dan berkesinambungan. Terkait hal ini maka konsep berkelanjutan tentu dapat diterapkan di dalam perlindungan, hal ini akan membawa jaminan dan kepastian perlindungan anak yang terus menerus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 393,
"width": 329,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Sejatinya gagasan konsep perlindungan anak yang berkelanjutan ini sudah hadir di dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak, tetapi dalam kenyaataan yang kita lihat di lapangan masih banyak pemenuhan perlindungan anak yang tidak sesuai dengan kadar atau porsinya, sehingga menimbulkan konsep di mata masyarakat, bahwa di Indonesia perlindungan anak tidak diakuai sebagai hak asasi manusia karena tidak ada aturanya, atau bahkan masyarakat mengganggap aturan perlindungan anak sudah ada, tetapi tidak dijalankan, sesuai dengan konsep klasik masyarakat “hukum tumpul ke atas, tajam ke bawah”. Jika anak artis atau pejabat yang sering kita temui di layar televisi atau yang sering dibicarakan orang maka haknya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 596,
"width": 329,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "37 Yuliandri, Membentuk Undang-Undang Yang Berkelanjutan, Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. II No 2, (2009), h. 12.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 293",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "terpenuhi, sedangkan bagi anak-anak yang biasa saja atau bahkan tidak mampu haknya tidak terpenuhi, kecuali kasus nya menjadi hot topic di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 111,
"width": 329,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak menegaskan bahwa pertanggungjawaban orang tua merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang dilaksanakan secara terus menerus demi terlindunginya hak-hak anak. Rangkain kegiatan tersebut harus berkelanjutan dan terarah guna menjamin pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, baik fisik, mental, spiritual, maupun sosial. Tindakan ini dimaksudkan untuk mewujudkan kehidupan terbaik bagi anak yang diharapkan nantinya sebagai penerus generasi bangsa. Upaya perlindungan anak perlu dilaksanakan sedini mungkin, yaitu sejak dari janin dalam kandungan sampai anak berusia delapan belas tahun. Bertitik tolak pada konsep perlindungan anak yang utuh, menyeluruh, dan komprehensif maka Undang- Undang Perlindungan Anak meletakkan kewajiban memberikan perlindungan anak berdasarkan asas-asas 38 :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 330,
"width": 312,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Asas nondiskriminasi, adalah asas yang tidak 1. membedakan, membatasi, atau mengucilkan anak, baik secara lansung maupun tidak lansung berdasarkan agama, suku, ras, status sosial, status ekonomi budaya, ataupun jenis kelamin yang dapat memengaruhi pemenuhan perlindugan hak-hak anak;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 423,
"width": 295,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Asas kepentingan yang terbaik bagi anak, adalah asas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 423,
"width": 312,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "2. yang menekankan bahwa dalam semua tindakan yang berkaitan dengan anak yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah, masyarakat, ataupun badan legislatif dan yudikatif, kepentingan yang terbaik bagi anak harus menjadi pertimbangan utama;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 517,
"width": 312,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Asas hak untuk hidup, kelansungan hidup, dan 3. perkembangan, adalah asas yang menekankan bahwa setiap anak mempunyai hak untuk hidup dengan aman, tenteram, damai, bahagia, sejahtera lahir dan batin, serta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 596,
"width": 329,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "38 Rika Saraswati, 2015, Hukum Perlindungan Anak Di Indonesia, Bandung, Citra Aditya Bakti, h., 24-25.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "294 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 62,
"width": 295,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "berhak atas pemenuhan kebutuhan dasarnya untuk tumbuh dan berkembang secara layak bagi perkembangan fisik, mental, spiritual, moral, dan sosial anak yang harus dipenuhi oleh pihak-pihak yang disebutkan oleh Undang- Undang Perlindungan Anak memiliki kewajiban dan tanggung jawab untuk itu, yaitu orang tua, masyarakat, dan pemerintahan;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 171,
"width": 295,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Asas penghargaan terhadap pandangan/pendapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 171,
"width": 312,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "4. anak, adalah asas yang memberikan hak kepada anak untuk menyatakan pendapat dalam segala hal yang mempengaruhi anak, meliputi: 1) hak untuk berpendapat dan memperoleh pertimbangan atas pendapatnya,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 249,
"width": 295,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "b) hak untuk mendapat dan mengetahui informasi serta untuk mengeskpresikan, c) hak untuk berserikat menjalin hubungan untuk bergabung, dan d) hak untuk memperoleh informasi yang layak dan terlindung dari informasi yang tidak sehat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 329,
"width": 330,
"height": 281,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Menurut Rika Saraswati, memberikan perlindungan kepada anak merupakan tindakan yang tepat karena anak-anak dikategorikan sebagai kelompok yang rentan ( vulnerable groups ) di samping kelompok rentan lainnya, seperti pengungsi ( refugees ), pengungsi dalam negeri ( internally displaced persons ), kelompok minoritas dalaman ( indigenous peoples ), dan perempuan ( women ). Komite Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk hak ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya juga mengidentifikasi anak-anak sebagai kelompok rentan bersama-sama dengan kelompok lainnya, seperti petani yang tidak memili tanah, pekerja di desa, pengangguran di desa, pengangguran di kota, kaum miskin kota, usia lanjut, dan kelompok khusus lainnya. Perlindungan terhadap anak menjadi sangat penting karena pelanggaran atas perlindungan anak pada hakikatnya merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak asasi manusia. Selain itu, pelanggaran hak anak dapat menjadi penghalang sangat besar bagi kelansungan hidup dan perkembangan anak karena anak yang mengalami kekerasan, eksploitasi, pengabaian, dan perlakuan salah lainnya akan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 295",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "mengambil resiko, seperti hidup yang lebih pendek, memiliki kesehatan mental dan fisik buruk, mengalami masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan (termasuk putus sekolah), memiliki ketrampilan yang buruk sebagai orang tua, menjadi tunawisma, terusir dari tempat tinggalnya, dan tidak memiliki rumah. Akan tetapi, di sisi lain, tindakan perlindungan yang sukses akan meningkatkan peluang anak untuk tumbuh sehat secara fisik, mental, percaya diri, dan memilki harga diri, dan kecil kemungkinan melakukan abuse atau eksploitasi terhadap orang lain, termasuk anaknya sendiri 39 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 220,
"width": 329,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Perlindungan terhadap anak yang berkelanjutan memang sangat diperlukan, karena banyak faktor yang menyebabkan anak berisiko mengalami kekerasan, pengabaian, eksploitasi, dan perlakuan salah lainnya, dimana penulis mencoba menguraikan perlindungan anak yang berkelanjutan ini disesuaikan dengan konsep Rika Saraswati yaitu 40 :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 314,
"width": 312,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Cara pengusahan mengunakan kekerasan yang 1. diterapkan lintas generasi, pengasuhan demikian biasanya masih menggunakan pendekatan militer atau pendekatan otoriter. Jenis pengasuhan ini memberi pengalaman kepada anak tentang kekerasan. Setelah anak dewasa, ada kecenderungan ia akan menggunakan pendekatan yang sama. Di sisi lain, pengasuhan yang egaliter akan menumbuhan hubungan pertemanan orang tua dengan anak tanpa mengurangi nilai-nilai hormat antara kedua pihak;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 470,
"width": 295,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Kemiskinan yang berdampak urbanisasi, perubahan gaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 470,
"width": 312,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "2. hidup, dan perubahan harapan terhadap kualitas hidup, kemiskinan sangat jelas telah menghambat kesempatan dan cita-cita anak untuk tumbuh dan berkembang sesuai dengan keinginannya. Pemerintahan yang tidak mampu memberi kesempatan kerja kepada para orang tua akan berdampak pada anak-anak, di antaranya, anak-anak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 596,
"width": 59,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "39 Ibid, h. 26. 40 Ibid, h. 27-28.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "296 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 62,
"width": 295,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "berhenti sekolah karena tidak ada uang untuk membayar sekolah, sebab kepentingan perut lebih diutamakan dari pada sekolah. Setelah berhenti sekolah, anak-anak tidak mempunyai aktivitas lagi, sehingga mereka terdorong untuk bekerja membantu orang tuanya;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 140,
"width": 295,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Nilai-nilai di masyarakat yang eksploitatif (nilai anak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 140,
"width": 312,
"height": 295,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "3. sebagai komoditas) dan diskriminatif, masih ada sebagian orang tua di masyarakat yang menganggap bahwa anak adalah hak miliknya, sehingga hak-hak anak cenderung diabaikan. Namun, di sisi lain, anak selalu dituntut untuk memenuhi kewajibannya, seperti harus menghormati rang tua, menurut segala perintah dan kehendak orang tua, serta tidak boleh membangkang. Begitu pula ketika anak berada di sekolah, anak harus menghormati, mematuhi perintah, dan kehendak guru. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa anak sering dipandang sebagai kelompok yang tidak pernah dianggap secara sosial, kultural, atau secara legal. Akibatnya, anak menjadi rentan terhadap segala macam kekerasan (fisik, psikis, seksual, penelantaran, eksploitasi, diksriminasi, dan pelecehan) yang pada hakikatnya merupakan bentuk pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Kekerasan terhadap anak dapat terjadi di ranah privat, seperti di dalam rumah tangga ataupun di ranah publik, seperti di sekolah dan di tempat umum lainnya;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 436,
"width": 312,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Sistem hukum yang tidak mendukung perlindungan anak, 4. meskipun Indonesia sudah memiliki berbagai aturan hukum yang mengatur tentang anak di berbagai bidang, pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum bagi anak masih sangat jauh dari harapan. Tidak hanya peraturan hukum tentang anak yang satu sama lain ada yang bertentangan, bahkan diperparah lagi oleh pihak aparat penegak hukum yang masih belum berspektif hak anak dalam menghadapi dan menyelesaikan persoalan. Selain itu, dukungan masyarakat atau budaya hukum masyarakat juga masih",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 296,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 297 rendah, terutama dalam memosisikan seorang anak dan pengetahuan tentang hak-hak anak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 96,
"width": 329,
"height": 171,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Atas dasar-dasar tersebut, sangat dibutuhkan kesadaran semua lapisan ataupun golongan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan anak, karena tumbuh dan besarnya anak akan selalu berkaitan dengan pertanyaan, apakah perlindungan anak sudah berjalan di Indonesia? Dengan konsep perlindungan anak yang berekelanjutan menegaskan bahwa perlindungan anak tidak hanya berhenti dalam tataran undang-undang saja, tetapi harus berimplikasi di dalam kehidupan nyata seorang anak. dari dia bangun tidur, bersekolah, bermain, belajar, makan dan minum, sampai dengan tidurnya serta terkait aktivitas lainnya yang berkaitan dengan tumbuh kembang serang anak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 278,
"width": 54,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 300,
"width": 329,
"height": 311,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pada saat ini anak banyak dijadikan objek eksploitasi seksual, bukan hanya anak perempuan saja yang dijadikan objek pemuas seksual oleh seorang laki-laki dewasa, anak laki-laki pun sudah menjadi korban kekerasan seksual oleh seorang laki-laki dewasa, yang memiliki perilaku menyimpang. Perlindungan Anak merupakan kunci dari kesuksesan sebuah negara di masa depan, karena anak adalah generasi penerus suatu masyarakat, bangsa dan negara. Anak harus dididik dan diperhatikan dengan sebaik mungkin. Jika sudah lalai mengurus anak sejak dini, maka penulis bisa menjamin sebuah negara itu akan hancur di masa depan, karena tidak ada generasi penerusnya yang bisa mengurus suatu negara itu dengan baik. Dari hasil penelitian ditemui bahwa pelaku yang melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak laki-laki dibawah umur akan diberikan sanksi sesuai dengan aturan yang ada didalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan Undang- Undang Perlindungan Anak. Dalam menata perlindungan anak agar terbebas dari kekerasan seksual, maka setiap pihak yang berkaitan dengan anak, wajib bekerjasama. Konsep perlindungan anak yang diperkenalkan adalah suatu konsep yang mendukung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "298 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "pemenuhan anak didalam praktek keseharaian, bukan hanya didalam aturan tertulis saja. Maka dari itu penulis mengharapkan ke depan para penegak hukum serta masyarakat haru memiliki kesadaran yang tinggi di dalam melaksanakan perlindungan anak. Harus diingat anak adalah bagian dari kita, jika kita lalai pada anak, sama saja melalaikan diri sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 183,
"width": 127,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "dAFtAr PustAkA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 230,
"width": 329,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Abdussalam, Hukum Perlindungan Anak, Jakarta, Restu Agung,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 246,
"width": 23,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "2007",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 264,
"width": 329,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "_________ dan Adri Desasfuryanto, Hukum Perlindungan Anak, Jakarta, PTIK, 2016",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 298,
"width": 329,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Nawawi Arief, Barda, Kebijakan Legislatif Dalam Penanggulangan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 314,
"width": 295,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Kejahatan Dengan Pidana Penjara, Yogyakarta, Genta Publishing, 2010",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 348,
"width": 329,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Krisnawati, Emaliana, Aspek Hukum Perlindungan Anak, Bandung, CV. Utomo, 2005",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 382,
"width": 329,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Faiz, Fahrudin, Perlindungan Anak, Antra Fitrah dan Uswah Rasulullah, Jakarta, Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 413,
"width": 26,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 432,
"width": 329,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "E. Hagan, Frank, Pengantar Kriminologi (Teori, Metode, dan Perilaku Kriminal Edisi Ketujuh), Jakarta, Kencana, 2013",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 466,
"width": 329,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Ibrahim, Johnny, Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif , Jawa Timur, Bayu Media Publishing, 2006",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 500,
"width": 330,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Lamintang, Theo, PAF. Lamintang, Delik-delik Khusus Kejahatan Melanggar Norma Kesusilaan dan Norma Kepatutan, Jakarta,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 531,
"width": 96,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Sinar Grafika, 2011",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 549,
"width": 329,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Malo, Marnasse dan Trisnongtias, Sri, Metode Penelitian Masyarakat, Jakarta, Pusat Antara Universitas Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Unversitas Indonesia, 1997",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 629,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 13 Nomor 2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 39,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Prostitusi Anak Laki-Laki Sebagai Kegagalan Perlindungan Anak | 299",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 62,
"width": 329,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "M. Hadjon, Philipus, Perlindungan hukum Bagi Rakyat Indonesia,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 77,
"width": 132,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Surabaya, Bina Ilmu, 1987",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 96,
"width": 329,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Saraswati, Rika, Hukum Perlindungan Anak Di Indonesia, Bandung, Citra Aditya Bakti, 2015",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 130,
"width": 329,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Raharjo, Satijipto, Ilmu Hukum, Bandung, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, 2000",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 164,
"width": 294,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "_________, Ilmu Hukum, Bandung, Alumni Bandung, 1986",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 182,
"width": 329,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Arinanto, Satya, Bahan Bacaan Politik Hukum 2 , Jakarta, Program",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 198,
"width": 128,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Pasca Sarjana FHUI, 2001",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 216,
"width": 330,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Davidson, Scott, Hak Asasi Manusia, Sejarah, Teori dan Praktek dalam Pergaulan Internasional , Jakarta, Grafiti, 1994",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 250,
"width": 329,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Lis Sulistiani, Siska, Kedudukan Hukum Anak, Hasil Perkawinan Beda Agama Menurut Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 281,
"width": 160,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Bandung, Refika Aditama, 2015",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 300,
"width": 329,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Mulya Lubis, Todung, In search of Human Rights Legal- Political Dilemmas of Indonesia’s New Order, 1966-1990 ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 331,
"width": 295,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "S.J.D Dissertaion, Berkeley: Boalt Hlml Law School –",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 347,
"width": 151,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "University of California, 1990",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 365,
"width": 330,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Ali, Zainuddin, Metode Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta, Sinar Grafika,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 381,
"width": 23,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "2010",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 399,
"width": 329,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Muhammad, Damnhuri, Anak-Anak Dunia Maya, Harian Kompas, 14 Januari 2016.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 433,
"width": 329,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Medina, Dayu, Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Pengungsi Homoseksual Berdasarakan Hukum Internasional, Jurnal Yustisia,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 464,
"width": 241,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Universitas Andalas, Volume 22 nomor 2, 2015.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 483,
"width": 329,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Erfa, Riswan, Kriminalisasi Perbuatan Cabul Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pasangan Sesam Jenis Kelamin (Homoseksual), Jurnal Arena, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya, Volume 8, Nomor",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 529,
"width": 9,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 548,
"width": 329,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Yuliandri, Membentuk Undang-Undang Yang Berkelanjutan, Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. II No 2, 2009.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 582,
"width": 329,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Kompas, Korban Prostitusi Untuk Kaum Gay Capai 103 Orang,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 597,
"width": 292,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 29,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Usia 13-23 Tahun, http://regional.kompas.com/",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 30,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "300 | Laurensius Arliman S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 629,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 30,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "ISTINBATH NOVEMBER 2016",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 62,
"width": 292,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 30,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "read/2016/09/02/14593621/usia.korban.prostitusi.anak. berkisar.13-17.tahun, diakses 2 September 2016 WIB.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 96,
"width": 329,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 30,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Kompas, Komentar Pengelola Hotel Soal Bisnis Prostitusi Untuk Kaum Gay Di Bogor, http://regional.kompas.com/ read/2016/08/31/18452601/komentar.pengelola.hotel.soal. bisnis.prostitusi.untuk.kaum.gay.di.bogor, diakses 2 September 2016 WIB.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 176,
"width": 329,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 30,
"page_width": 453,
"page_height": 680,
"text": "Kompas, Tersangka Prostitusi Kaum Gay Sering Bawa Anak Laki-Laki Ke Kamar, http://nasional.kompas.com/ read/2016/09/02/14405741/tersangka.prostitusi.kaum.gay. sering.bawa.anak.laki-laki.ke.kamar.kosnya, diakses 2 September 2016 WIB.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
5e08ff22-3ba1-1f61-70d4-9026fced1725 | https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/rir/article/download/9306/6398 | [
{
"left": 258,
"top": 35,
"width": 254,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Review of International Relations 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 764,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RIR | Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 15",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 148,
"top": 91,
"width": 319,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DEMYSTIFYING THE MYTH OF COSMOPOLITANISM:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 107,
"width": 311,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ARE WE TRULY LIVING IN A BORDERLESS WORLD?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 138,
"width": 296,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aspin Nur Arifin Rivai & Gema Ramadhan Bastari UIN Alauddin Makassar & Pemuda Pekerja Indonesia Email: [email protected] & [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 272,
"top": 212,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 243,
"width": 442,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This paper will discuss about the possibility that cosmopolitanism as an idea might only exist as a myth. It begins by questioning the hypocrisy surrounding our everyday life where powerful countries preach about living in dignity but ended up taking away that very dignity itself. If cosmopolitanism is defined as an idea that give worth to every human being, no matter their affiliation, then the current state of the world does not reflect that idea at all. This paper will attempt to demystify the practice of cosmopolitanism in modern era. This paper then found that cosmopolitanism is basically a political project for the powerful to inject their idea into weaker actor, in order to create hegemony. Whether someone’s act can be considered cosmopolitan or not depends on their capability to exercise their power. In the end, this paper concludes that cosmopolitanism as a standard of morality does not exist in our world. A borderless world might exist, but it is up to the powerful to decide who can live in it. For most people, cosmopolitanism remains a myth that could never bring salvation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 385,
"width": 212,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: Cosmopolitanism, Morality, Hegemony.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 415,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 430,
"width": 442,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "There is a bit of story that the author remember from the extraordinary tale of Superman. It was a story about Superman saving people in a country that resembles Iraq from a dictator that resembles Saddam Husein. Now Superman is known as the symbol of hope, the superhero that will fly at the speed of sound, traversing even time and space, to save anyone from evil. Yet for every superhuman feats that the Man of Steel was capable of, it is very rare to see a depiction of Superman saving lives other than your average American white guy. Nevertheless, what Superman said to the people he saves in that Middle East-esque country was devastating: “I‟m sorry. I don‟t speak Arabic. But I should. I‟ll learn. I should have been here all along. I‟m sorry. I‟ll stop this. 1 ” This trembling speech that Superman made as he brought the evil dictator to justice is closely reflecting the very nature of cosmopolitanism in modern era. Many countries have the power to save the world, promoting the idea thoroughly, yet no one is willing to lift a finger to do any meaningful things to realize it.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 725,
"width": 442,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 This is a story depicted in a graphic novel published by DC Comics in 2016 titled Injustice: Gods Among Us Vol. 1 Ch. 6 .",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 764,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16 Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 | RIR",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 442,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The world that we currently living in is full of hypocrisy and cosmopolitanism is no small part of it. Long ago, the world has agreed that the end of Cold War means „the end of history‟. That there will be no value that can be upheld except the liberal value. That freedom, openness, and diversity will stand tall and be fought upon from any kind of enemies. That the Global North will help to eradicate poverty in the Global South and so on (Fukuyama, 1989).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 199,
"width": 442,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "At the end of 2016, we can see that all of this farce has begun to crumble down. Poverty is still high as ever in African countries and violence remains the staple of their everyday life (The economics of violence, 2011). The global wealth is still concentrated in most Western countries although it begins to shift gradually to the East (which does not makes any difference as the zero-sum logic is still applied). 2 The Syrian refugee crisis only shows how reluctant 3 the European countries to lend their hand for people who needs it the most (Sobelman, 2015). To top it all off, the two most prominent supporter of cosmopolitanism, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) has changed their position dramatically. With UK getting out from the European Union and Donald Trump leading US, they no longer have any credibility to further the cosmopolitanism agenda. 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 406,
"width": 443,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The fact is, the end of history is still far from our reach and the world is still doomed to repeat the same mistake over and over again.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 447,
"width": 442,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "If cosmopolitanism is an idea that each person owes their moral obligation to everyone without exception, then the current state of the world certainly does not reflect that idea at all (Johnson & Cureton, 2016). However, it cannot be denied that the infrastructure to make cosmopolitanism possible does exist. The advancement of information, communication, and transportation technology in the past decade has",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 588,
"width": 441,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 The Global Wealth Report in 2016 recorded that nearly 71% of the world holds only 3 percent of global wealth while about 8.1% of population owns 84.6% of it (Facts about Global Inequality, 2016).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 625,
"width": 442,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Only few European countries are willing to accept Syrian refugee who fled from the civil war in their country – mostly Gulf State. France, Germany, and Britain accepted some of them but then close their border because they thought that have had enough. As a result, nearly 400 refugees drowned in their overloaded boat as no country willing to open their beach for them to dock (Koser, 2013).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 685,
"width": 442,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 UK‟s exit from European Union is seen as a decision that backlashes the idea of openness and borderless world by making UK more isolated and more harmful toward immigrants. While Trump‟s presidency has devolved the US into a merchantilist state who could care less about free trade or multilateralism as well as having the same harmful behavior toward immigrants. Together, these two phenomenon is said to be the beginning of the collapse of liberal idea in the west (Walt, 2016).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 35,
"width": 254,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Review of International Relations 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 764,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RIR | Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 17",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 91,
"width": 442,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "shortened the amount of time needed for people around the world to interact with each other. In front of these advanced technologies, borders between states can be amounted to nothing (Bulut, Cakmak, & Kara, 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 443,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yet despite all of this fact, cooperation between states remains awkward as ever. Direct interaction between people is still limited by the status of their visa. Some countries even censored their internet to prevent their people from interacting with outsider. 5 Global citizenship is still merely a concept far detached from reality (Liu, 2012). It is very regretful that with every bit of power invested to the people in this era, none of it is being used to fulfill the very cosmopolitanism agenda that we hear every day. It‟s just like the Superman story all over again. All this power but it has never been used to its maximum potential.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 318,
"width": 442,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This paper will contemplate upon the question of whether we truly live in a borderless world or not. Is cosmopolitanism a real and practical idea or is it just a myth to further western hegemony? Is there any chance for the people to ever see a borderless world? Are we doomed to live in the cycle of hatred and violence forever? In order to answer this seemingly endless question, this paper will track the origin of cosmopolitanism as an idea, starting from its birth, its development in literatures, and its interpretation in modern era. Then, this paper will unmask the practice of cosmopolitanism in contemporary era to show how meaningless they are. Finally, this paper will ponder over the relevance of cosmopolitanism today. Is it still matter? Have it even matter in the first place? Are we, perhaps, never really needs that idea after all?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 541,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "THE ORIGIN OF COSMOPOLITANISM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 442,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Is the idea of cosmopolitanism still relevant today? Is the uncertain history narrative in the 21 st century embedded with experiences of never-ending conflict still needs the cosmopolitan idea? Is the unity such as explained by the „cosmos‟ means the same thing in the Eastern and Western civilization? The discursive development of cosmopolitanism remains strong between scholars and activists to create a discourse called “The new world order.” This term becomes an enigma for contemporary situation. One one",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 708,
"width": 442,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 China has been infamous for its notorious internet censorship. Social media is not even allowed in that country and most international news went into several revision from the government before finally being published. This system is known by its nickname „The Great Firewall‟ (Haas, 2017).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 764,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18 Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 | RIR",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 442,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hand, this concept is understood differently between different people. On the other hand, effort to create the concept of „cosmopolitan‟, which seems to be merely „stylish catchword‟ by defining it in a comprehensive way, makes the term so wide and elusive.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 137,
"width": 442,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cosmopolitanism came from a normative project said to be an idealism that can be implemented. Cosmopolitanism tries to break the civilization which always narrating evil, savagery, and banality. The idea of cosmopolitanism invites the people to create a civilization based on order, peace, and justice. However, the idea brought by cosmopolitanism is still debatable. There are two points of contention for this idea: (1) what is the possibility to create a cosmopolitan world order? and (2) what the cosmopolitan world order would look like? The cosmopolitan tradition in philosophical thinking is ever- changing. First from Greek‟s philosophical tradition, claimed as a way of life, but in the most abstract sense. Then, cosmopolitanism gained its momentum in international politics when Kantian tradition resonates with the world in conflict.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 344,
"width": 443,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Stoicism was the first idea for those who call themselves a cosmopolitanist. This idea was realized by replacing the centralistic role of ‟ polis’ in ancient greek with „ kosmos ‟ where mankind can live together in harmony (Held, 2005, p. 10). People then live in a local community and ideal community with wider arguments and aspirations. The idea was also called with pluralism, an idea where morality becomes their modality to live together, not with ethnic categorization, social class, or nations. Finally, it becomes an awareness of collectivity (Nussbaum, 1997, p. 30).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 489,
"width": 442,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meanwhile, the second concept of cosmopolitanism was introduced by Immanuel Kant (18 th Century) with the name international society ( Weltbürger ) as an instrument of the enlightenment era. Kant connects the idea of cosmopolitanism with an innovative concept about “ the public of reason ” and explores ways in which this conception can produce a critical perspective to understand civil society (Schmidt, 1998). By building the definition of enlightenment as an escape of false dogma and authority, Kant calculates its development by abolishing the limitation in “ the usage of logic in general .” For Onara O‟Neill, he agrees that the principle of logic is the right reason to secure the possibility of intersubjectivity (O'Neill, 1990, p. 194). Kant understands that people‟s participation in cosmopolitanism cannot be separated with open dialogue (full participation) – and this becomes an instrument of rights for everyone on earth (Held, 2005, p. 11).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 716,
"width": 442,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Garret W. Brown and David Held depicts cosmopolitanism a la Kantian as a part of moral and political project directed to ask the very basic question of: how to realize the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 35,
"width": 254,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Review of International Relations 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 764,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RIR | Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 19",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 91,
"width": 442,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "principle of cosmopolitanism and how to reform the existing institutional order or how to plan it. The two thinker then identifies five intertwined issues faced by contemporary cosmopolitanism: (1) global cosmopolitan justice; (2) cultural cosmopolitanism; (3) cosmopolitanism in law; (4) political cosmopolitanism; and (5) cosmopolitanism in citizenship (Brown & Held, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 194,
"width": 442,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Global cosmopolitanism justice cannot be separated with issues regarding inclusive justice, while cultural cosmopolitanism tries to understand – how to develop global justice in the middle of cultural heterogeneity. Then, cosmopolitanism in law is related with international law, political cosmopolitanism with global governance and cosmopolitan citizenship with cosmopolitan nation-building. If seen from much smaller scale, then cosmopolitanism refers to two fundamental dimension between politics and culture (Hannerz, 2006).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 339,
"width": 443,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cosmopolitanism as a philosophical politics – the main idea of cosmopolitanism is that every human is part of a single community or category and so must be treated equally, despite of differences in their social and political status (Brock & Brighouse, 2005). Cosmopolitanism views every individual in the highest appreciation for their existence. This kind of view is believed to be essential to any kind of social institutions. Therefore, people cannot be treated as an instrument of social value or treated differently because of artificial attribute such as citizenship.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 484,
"width": 443,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cosmopolitanism as a cultural framework refers to an idea that people from different cultural context must be treated equally. This was realized by an openness to diversity, tolerance, non-discriminative, and willingness to see others as equal (Sugiono, 2012, p. 224). The politics of cosmopolitanism can be seen as a political project, that is: a critical and transformative political philosophy. It has a dream to change all social order which rejects the idea that all human are born equal. The manifestation of political cosmopolitanism takes a normative form in an international institution which is a common thing in contemporary international system.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 647,
"width": 443,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In the middle of 20 th century, the cosmopolitan dream is an inspiration to fix international system through rearrangement of international law and institution which gives",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 764,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20 Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 | RIR",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 72,
"width": 443,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "birth to League of Nations and the United Nations (UN). 6 The goal was very ambitious: to create international peace and defend human rights. Then, the cosmopolitan idea becomes popular as a theoretical source that can be used to understand the world, an instrument to understand our life, a prescription for a normative behavior in upholding universality, international law, and political action (Fine, 2003, p. 452).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 178,
"width": 442,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moreover, cosmopolitanism gets attention in contemporary era as it is a way to understand the socio-cultural implications, political relations, which goes beyond state‟s demarcation. However, this idea was laughed at by classical realism thinker who called it utopist, because it (cosmopolitanism) views the state of anarchy with naivety. The fundamental change in cosmopolitanism in contemporary era is from „a way of life‟ into „a spirit of life‟.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 302,
"width": 442,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Currently, political cosmopolitanism has brought democracy as the best system to be implemented, no matter what state it is. Democracy, through cosmopolitanism, has become an international norm. Because of that, human rights violators are getting mocked, as well as the rigid and obsolete principle of sovereignty which protects the violators. They popularized the idea in international platform by fighting upon the idea of cosmopolitan citizenship and offered the creation of a global governance 7 to make sure that human rights are fulfilled for every individual, no matter from which nations (Taraborrelli, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 447,
"width": 443,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The definition of cosmopolitanism can be said as an idea to move beyond the limitation of politics, community, territory, and culture to build another loyalty for a community of mankind. This definition is also justified as a new political variant – perceived as an ideal for the globalizing world. If this can be considered as a full definition, then the next debate will be: how far cosmopolitanism as a political principle and cultural commitment can be compatible with nationalism? This question will be answered in the next discussion, but the author wants to offer the most fundamental debate,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 648,
"width": 441,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Cosmopolitanism exists as an idea in the UN, especially in its charter that mentions how human has the power of international law and self-determination Invalid source specified. .",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 685,
"width": 442,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 Critics most seen from cosmopolitanist in global politics are materialized in the campaign to create a global governance or a governance without government Invalid source specified. . This idea is a part of political order developed in the wake of globalization that seems to abolish the territory between nation-states. More importantly, it is viewed as a mechanism or institutional apparatus for cooperation between actors, state or non-state, to deal with problems arises as a logical consequences of globalization Invalid source specified. .",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 35,
"width": 254,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Review of International Relations 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 764,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RIR | Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 21",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 91,
"width": 442,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "that is: how the normative aspect of morality in cosmopolitanism can be relevant in the middle of some crucial contemporary issues.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 132,
"width": 442,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In those debates, the cosmopolitan discourse can be underlined in this areas: (1) how the research on cosmopolitanism can answer questions regarding its ideas, dreams, and implementation as a normative institution in global political order; (2) how the research on cosmopolitanism will be relevant to explain globalization as a phenomenon; (3) how the research on cosmopolitanism experiences dichotomy between culture, politics, law, etc. From theoretical perspective, it seems that contemporary cosmopolitanism does not give enough space for morality.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 277,
"width": 442,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Morality or its standardization is obviously relevant to understand the world today and how it should be. Contemporary research on cosmopolitanism is simply skipping to the creation of a normative institution, but ignores the very foundation of cosmopolitanism that is the practice of morality. Because of that, problems arise within normative institution, such as the case of UN Security Council which has a controversial authority.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 380,
"width": 442,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moreover, the dimension of morality in mainstream cosmopolitanism agenda has not able to create a standard of morality in international community. In fact, the universality value to uphold human rights are sometimes violated by nation-states. It means that global practices in modern era has not changed in the least. Although the end of Cold War should have brought forward a global integration, cosmopolitanism has not given significant contribution to redefine morality in that agenda of integration.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 505,
"width": 443,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "On the other corner, Muhadi Sugiono mentioned that even in the implementation of cosmopolitanism in international stage, it tends to be isolated merely in the discipline of International Relations. This happened because International Relations is seen to be inseparable from Political Science – which views the world as a political arena for nation- states to fight their interest.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 608,
"width": 442,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In conventional International Relations paradigm, it is impossible to view the world in unison. That view is definitely misleading because International Relations itself is having development in order to better understand the unpredictable nature of international system. In 1980s, some scholars appear to argue how „idea matters‟ in International Relations. That new arguments make idea as another crucial possibility to be debated, especially between scholars of liberalism, constructivism, and post-positivism. Starting from an assumption that idea matters, they began to theorize how the immaterial aspect of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 764,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22 Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 | RIR",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 442,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "the world shapes the very world itself. This theoretical space makes it possible for cosmopolitanism to realize their idea.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 137,
"width": 311,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DEMYSTIFYING COSMOPOLITANISM: HOW THE WORLD COMPETES OVER THEIR UTOPIA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 166,
"width": 406,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "If history ever taught us anything, it‟s that the word of Man cannot be trusted.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 189,
"width": 443,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cosmopolitanism, as Kant stated, is perceived as a universal value that gives worth to every human being, not because of their religion, tribe, nation, state or any affiliation, but simply because they are part of the same species (Johnson & Cureton, 2016). Yet what is deemed universal will always fall to one‟s own subjective moral compass. Take a look at the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 293,
"width": 443,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Declaration speaks in-length regarding how human rights must be upheld and protected. But when it comes to defining what kind of human rights that they were talking about, the Declaration felt more like a collection of western morality worded cleverly to be adopted by the rest of the world. 8 While it is true that human lives should be treated as essential, the way they live should also be considered the same. The Declaration wants people to live in dignity, free from fear and poverty, but those words have no weight when the founder of that charter is the same people who rob the world of that freedom itself. 9 In that sense, even the most universally-perceived product that the human race has ever brought has its own partiality. If we can at least agree that cosmopolitanism is a normative value, then that very norm must be thoroughly questioned as well.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 568,
"width": 442,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 As a concept, human rights is not an invention of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Different societies and cultures have practiced and created their own version of human rights in the past. Even Arab countries, who were mostly criticized for their lack of human rights when it comes to treating women, actually have their own value on human rights which justifies that behavior. Therefore, the universal value of Human Rights brought by the Declaration can actually contradict with the morality of certain society. The thing about Universal Declaration of Human Rights is not whether it is good or bad but whether it is truly universal (as in transcendentally universal) or merely claimed to be (Donelly, 2007). This paper believes the latter.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 674,
"width": 442,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 It is quite oxymoron for the charter to expect people to live free from fear and poverty when the US who was the founder of that charter is currently the biggest threat for every people in the world. There is no telling when that country will declare that you and your family are a terrorist that must be pursued and eliminated without prosecution before law. And with their military base surrounding every part of the planet as well as the nuclear bomb in their possession, how can the people possibly live without being afraid of the potential destruction that the US can cause? (Chomsky, 2015)",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 35,
"width": 254,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Review of International Relations 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 764,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RIR | Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 23",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 91,
"width": 442,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Now building a cosmopolitanism world order is akin to building a heaven on earth – a utopia. However, just like the Universal Declaration that we discussed earlier, people have their own view on what a utopia is. As it is a view governed by their-own subjective moral compass, sometimes it can be very twisted and ugly. Let‟s talk about Hitler because his existence has been portrayed as the poster child of anti-cosmopolitanism idea. People condemned Hitler because he has no affection to people outside the Aryan race and by having no affection means that he can murder them at will (Hicks, 2009). But the thing is, Hitler does not view non-Aryan race as a human being at all. With that kind of twisted logic, Hitler, in his own way, is a cosmopolitan figure as he gave his affection to every Aryan Race (whom he thought as the only human being in this planet) in any part of the world. This argument might be ugly but this is actually how cosmopolitanism works in this world.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 339,
"width": 443,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Have you ever heard about homo sacer ? It is a concept famously coined by Giorgio Agamben to portray how some part of the society can be sacrificed if the sovereign said so. As stated by Carl Schmitt, the sovereign is “ he who decides on the state of exception .” Homo sacer lives in that state of exception. To common eyes, a homo sacer might look just like normal human being but to the sovereign, their worth is amounted next to insects. Their very lives belong to the will of sovereign to be played as they see fit. If the sovereign wills the homo sacer to die, then die they will (Agamben, 2005). What Hitler did is simply making every human beings apart from the Aryan race as a homo sacer . If Hitler won the World War II and he became the true sovereign of this world, then his view would definitely be seen as cosmopolitan. Unfortunately, Hitler lost that war and the right to decide on the state of exception falls to the US instead. Do not even bother to think if it‟s good or bad because your judgment will definitely be clouded by their influence as the leader of free world. The only thing that can be inferred from this paragraph is that power decides on whether your action can be called cosmopolitan or not.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 629,
"width": 443,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "As the most powerful country in this world, countless human has been transformed into a homo sacer by US‟ will. In their own territory, we have the indigenous people of Indian who was named that way because the US likes that name. Then, they were forced out of their territory, stripped of their rights and alienated from the society (Khazaal, 2016). There are also the Black people, the Asians, the Hispanics, and every non-White immigrant who is forced to live without dignity next to the wealthy White (Dudek, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 764,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "24 Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 | RIR",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 442,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "While outside of their territory, we have the people of Vietnam, the people of Iran, the people of Iraq and every human being whom they suspect as a terrorist and many more. The US might not use genocide in those cases, but they do find a way to make living miserable for those people (Chomsky, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 158,
"width": 442,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In their view, the sacrifice of those people is essential in order to create their own utopia – a borderless world where White people are fully-educated, able to move freely, and seize opportunity from anywhere. 10 That idea might sound as a very cosmopolitan idea for White people but definitely not for the others. This is the true face of cosmopolitanism in modern era: a very communitarianism 11 idea masked and marketed as a universal idea by eliminating people outside of their selected view.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 279,
"width": 442,
"height": 241,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In the past, there have been countless people who tries to resist US‟ cosmopolitanism by instilling their own version. The Indonesian President, Soekarno, tries to create a world where post-colonial countries can live proudly and free from fear. However, in order to realize that idea, he must transform all of the White people into a homo sacer . He did exactly that by nationalizing every western company in Indonesia and forces them out from his territory. Then, he also invade the people of Malaysia whom he thought obstructing his idea of cosmopolitanism (Redfern, 2010). If only Soekarno has a real power, then a cosmopolitan world order for Asian and African people might actually became a reality. There is also the case of Muammar Gaddafi, Vladimir Lenin, Fidel Castro and many others with their own version of cosmopolitan world order which requires the sacrifice of certain people. All of them failed because of their lack of power, but it clearly portrays how the world has competed over which utopia is better.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 530,
"width": 442,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Another way to realize the cosmopolitanism idea is by limiting your own world. If you do not have the power to sacrifice others, then your only option is to build a wall around you which can only be entered by your selected few and make sure that they don‟t",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 614,
"width": 442,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 It is no secret that free movement is much easier for White people than for the rest of the world. White people entering another country will be welcomed to invest or to work as an expatriate. Meanwhile, Asians, Middle-eastern, or black people will first be suspected as a drug dealer or terrorist before they can prove otherwise. Even if they decide to exercise their right to free movement, non-White people have only little opportunity to work on a better job. Basically, migration of white people is seen as a positive outcome of free movement while migration of the others is seen as a disastrous and unwanted effect of free movement (Koutonin, 2015).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 708,
"width": 441,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11 Communitarianism is an idea that we only owe our moral obligation to our kin or community. This paper is trying to say that cosmopolitanism is no different but is able to be perceived as universal by eliminating people outside of their community (Johnson & Cureton, 2016).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 35,
"width": 254,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Review of International Relations 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 764,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RIR | Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 25",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 91,
"width": 442,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "know about anything outside that wall. The North Korea has practiced this for many years. Within their border, the people hailed their leader as a compassionate person who cares deeply for his people (Rose, 2015). Having no information of the world outside of their border, it is easy for them to identify it as a cosmopolitan world order.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 174,
"width": 442,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "However, another brilliant idea comes from regionalism. You can erase borders between states in your region, eliminating tariff to allow free movement of goods, and promoting unity, but you build a wall surrounding that region to make it harder for people outside of it to enter (Spindler, 2002). Within that regional border, a cosmopolitan world order can be realized where the selected few can merge with each other and melt into a universal society according to their own sets of morality. Still, the case of ASEAN shows how great power cannot possibly allow that to happen. This can be seen from US‟ constant interception to force ASEAN adopting their view of cosmopolitanism and how they demonize closed regionalism as a bad fortress mentality and promoted the idea of open regionalism to make ASEAN more open to the rest of the world (Koga, 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 380,
"width": 443,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The biggest hindrance of true universal cosmopolitanism in this world is the existence of nation-state. By definition, nation-states are created as a social contract among its people to prioritize their needs first before others. As a technology, state is created to pursue the interest of their people and their people only. Therefore, when a nation-state champions a cosmopolitan agenda, their very first priority will be the benefit it will bring to their people. The competing view of cosmopolitanism as explained above is simply a logical consequence brought from the nature of nation-state. Yet despite how nation-state obstructs the creation of true heaven on earth, their existence remains essential to preserve the basic value of human life. As can be seen from the case of stateless people, people‟s lives are much easier to be played with if they have no protection from the nation-state.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 587,
"width": 442,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "There is a reason why the creation of a nation-state is often interpreted as an „independence day‟ since the people of the newly-founded state will then be able to have a protection for their basic human rights (although states can also be the robber of that very human rights itself, such as what happened in the case of Rwanda). Even Kant seems unable to answer this delicate dilemma when he argues about the creation of a “federation of peoples.” According to him, this federation cannot be considered the same as an international state since he also considered the rights of state in that federation. The problem is, Kant cannot clearly answer how that “federation of peoples” can have more",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 764,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "26 Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 | RIR",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 442,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "power than the state. After all, if state remains the most powerful actor in the world order, than true cosmopolitanism will remain impossible (Cronin, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 116,
"width": 442,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In the end, cosmopolitanism in modern era can only be seen as an instrument of the powerful to instill their-own set of morality and present it as a universal value. There is a borderless world and a global citizenship but it‟s for the powerful to decide on who can live in it and identify themselves as one. No wonder that the people who call themselves cosmopolitan are mostly of the same kind: the wealthy, privileged, and elitist people who enjoy talking with their racially-diverse yet uniformed people about how they love humanity but in actuality they only talk about themselves. A global citizen as it is now is no less than a tribe pretending to represent every part of humanity (Douthat, 2016). There can never be a utopia for everyone. A universal value is only possible under the guidance of an objective body of thought that transcends humanity itself. A universal value created by Man will always be limited by their-own subjective moral compass. So either you comply with the rule of the powerful or retreat and create your own world. Neither option is ever close to the ideal that Immanuel Kant fantasized when he discuss about the concept of cosmopolitan world order.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 427,
"width": 287,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CONCLUSION MOVING FORWARD FROM COSMOPOLITANISM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 458,
"width": 442,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The previous chapter should probably give you an idea as to why you should question cosmopolitanism as an idea. Despite how good it is on paper, the idea is barely realistic and outright impossible due to its limitation caused by Man‟s subjective moral compass and the very existence of state itself. However, the root of that idea has contributed a lot to the morality debate in international relations.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 562,
"width": 443,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "At very best, the idea serves as the highest standard of moral practice to be imposed by politicians. It evokes debates and questions of whether or not we should cooperate to help people in different countries. Although most of the time that debate did not turn into a real policy, the fact that cosmopolitanism can trigger that kind of debate is already contributing enough. It at least helps us to realize our own humanity that we probably forgot when we watch too many television shows about corrupt politicians on stage. But then again, it does not change the fact that cosmopolitanism as an idea has lost its influence recently.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 35,
"width": 254,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Review of International Relations 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 764,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RIR | Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 27",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 442,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "British exit from European Union (or „Brexit‟ as they put it) has shown us time and time again that mankind is not meant to live together in harmony. The vote to leave the EU was made based on fear for immigrants. The majority of White and privileged but less educated British simply cannot stand the idea of living together with Polish immigrants. They called these Poles a „vermin‟ and they blame the Poles for their lack of jobs and the high number of criminal activity.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 215,
"width": 442,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "After the vote for Brexit was made, the message to „get out!‟ was yelled at these Polish people. As the racism activity increased in UK, the majority of Polish immigrant was forced to choose either packing their belongings or bearing the bigotry even further. What the British people did with Brexit is basically unmasking the human race and shows them for what they are. People could care less about cosmopolitanism, about integration, or even about harmony. In their mind, all those flashy words are just plaything for politicians to involve their country in an experimentation that probably beneficial for them but do not give anything to the people. What they truly care is to live in their comfort zone, with enough income and to share it with their beloved family or friends. Cosmopolitanism did not give that, it only gives cultural shock.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 422,
"width": 442,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The case of Brexit shows how even the Great Britain who used to preach about the importance of international cooperation eventually realized how they never liked the idea in the first place. This makes the author think, is cosmopolitanism as an idea truly necessary? If we can exercise our thought to imagine a borderless world where people can live together in harmony without conflict, will it be a good world to live in? As a matter of fact, humanity managed to become the most superior race on this planet by rising from the ashes of conflict. A horrible war in 16 th Century led to the creation of the Westphalian System in 1648. The two biggest wars in the history led to the creation of United Nations. The Cold War makes way for an idea that trust between communities is important and strengthen the United Nations even further. After all of this, can we still say that conflict is unnecessary? The author would like to think that everything is not as simple as it seems. After all, it is still a fact that conflicts are what define us as a human race.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 668,
"width": 442,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The best that we can interpret from the idea of cosmopolitanism is as a „daydream‟. A dream belongs to the privileged who views the world from a safe place up there in the Ivory Tower. A cosmopolitan world order in their dream must have been a pretty nice place to live in. But when the idea is truly implemented and the peasants start to live in the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 764,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "28 Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 | RIR",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 442,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "same safe haven as them, they finally woke up from their dream and realize how horrible their situation is. So they begin to reject the very idea they proposed as an effort to cast away the very people they invite in the first place. Such is the tragedy of cosmopolitanism in contemporary era. So to answer the first question of this paper – yes, cosmopolitanism is indeed a myth. A myth that we try so hard to realizes without realizing the futility of that effort. Perhaps, the Superman that we have waited for so long is only living inside the fabric of our imagination.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 236,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 251,
"width": 442,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The economics of violence. (2011, April 14). Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from The Economist: http://www.economist.com/node/18558041",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 279,
"width": 442,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Facts about Global Inequality. (2016). Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from Inequality.org: https://inequality.org/facts/global-inequality/",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 306,
"width": 440,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agamben, G. (2005). State of Exception. London: University of Chicago Press. Brock, G., & Brighouse, H. ( 2005). The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 348,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Brown, G. W., & Held, D. (2010). The Cosmopolitanism Reader. Cambridge: Polity Press. Bulut, B., Cakmak, Z., & Kara, C. (2013). Global Citizenship in Technology Age from the Perspective of Social Sciences. 13th International Educational Technology Conference (pp. 486-491). Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 403,
"width": 442,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Chomsky, N. (2015, April 17). US is world's biggest terrorist. (Global-Conversation,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 417,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Interviewer)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 431,
"width": 442,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cronin, C. (2009, April 18). The Dilemma of Cosmopolitanism and State Sovereignty . Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from E-International Relations Students: https://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0 ahUKEwjz__-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 486,
"width": 380,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "eoN7VAhXIrY8KHWTpBOgQFggrMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e- ir.info%2F2009%2F04%2F18%2Fthe-dilemma-of-cosmopolitanism-and-state- sovereignty%2F&usg=AFQjCNHlY0hg1UROZ6kzSET8sJA7zK0EKw",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 527,
"width": 442,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Donelly, J. (2007). The Relative Universality of Human Rights. Human Rights Quarterly Vol. 29 No. 2 , 281-306. Douthat, R. (2016, Juli 2). The Myth of Cosmopolitanism . Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/03/opinion/sunday/the-myth-of- cosmopolitanism.html?mcubz=0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 610,
"width": 442,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dudek, A. (2015, Agustus 27). All Americans Not Equal: Mistrust and Discrimination Against Naturalized Citizens in the U.S. Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alev-dudek/foreign-born-citizens- in-america_b_8030968.html\\",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 663,
"width": 443,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fine, R. (2003). Taking the “ism” out of cosmopolitanism; an essay in reconstruction. European Journal of Social Theory, VI (4), 451 – 470. Fukuyama, F. (1989). The End of History? The National Interest No. 16 , 3-18. Haas, B. (2017, Juli 11). China moves to block internet VPNs from 2018 . Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from The Guardian:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 35,
"width": 254,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Review of International Relations 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 764,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RIR | Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 29",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 91,
"width": 386,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/11/china-moves-to-block-internet- vpns-from-2018",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 118,
"width": 443,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hannerz, U. (2006). Two Faces of Cosmopolitanism: Culture and Politics. Barcelona: CIDOB.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 146,
"width": 442,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Held, D. (2005). Principles of Cosmopolitan Order. In G. Brock, & H. Brighouse (Eds.), The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism (pp. 10-37). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 187,
"width": 443,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hicks, S. (2009, Desember 12). Nationalism, not internationalism or cosmopolitanism .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 201,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 201,
"width": 407,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "from Stephen Hicks, Ph.D.: http://www.stephenhicks.org/2009/12/12/nationalism-not-internationalism-or- cosmopolitanism-section-9-of-nietzsche-and-the-nazis/",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 242,
"width": 443,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Johnson, R., & Cureton, A. (2016, Juli 7). Kant's Moral Philosophy. Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from Stanford University: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-moral Khazaal, C. (2016, Juli 10). Indigenous American Indians: Discrimination, A Pipeline and Columbus Day . Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from Huffington post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/indigenous-american-indians-discrimination- a-pipeline_us_57f7b77ce4b0d786aa52afb8",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 325,
"width": 443,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koga, K. (2013, Februari 22). ASEAN's Great Power Dilemma . Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from Harvard Kennedy",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 369,
"top": 339,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "School Belfer Center:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 353,
"width": 337,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://www.belfercenter.org/publication/aseans-great-power-dilemma",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 366,
"width": 443,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koser, K. (2013, October 30). Why Europe's immigration nightmare is only beginning . Retrieved May 14, 2017, from CNN: http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/30/opinion/europe-immigration-debate-koser/",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 408,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koutonin, M. R. (2015, Maret 13). Why are white people expats when the rest of us are immigrants? Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals- network/2015/mar/13/white-people-expats-immigrants-migration",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 463,
"width": 443,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Liu, E. (2012, Agustus 14). Why There's No Such Thing as Global Citizenship . Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from The Atlantic: https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/08/why-theres-no-such-thing- as-global-citizenship/261128/",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 518,
"width": 442,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nussbaum, M. (1997). Kant and Cosmopolitanism. In J. Bohman, & M. Lutz-Bachmann (Eds.), Perpetual Peace: Essays on Kant’s Cosmopolitan Ideal (pp. 25-57). Cambridge: MIT Press.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 443,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "O'Neill, O. (1990). Enlightenment as Autonomy: Kant‟s Vindication of Reason. In P. Hulme, & L. Jordanova (Eds.), The Enlightenment and its Shadows. London: Rouledge.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 601,
"width": 443,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Redfern, W. A. (2010). Sukarno's Guided Democracy and the Takeovers of Foreign Companies in Indonesia in the 1960s. Michigan: University of Michigan. Rose, J. (2015, Januari 21). 10 Most Ridiculous Lies North Koreans Are Made to Believe . Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from The Richest: http://www.therichest.com/rich- list/most-shocking/10-most-ridiculous-lies-north-koreans-are-made-to-believe/",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 670,
"width": 442,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Schmidt, J. (1998). Civility, Enlightenment, and Society: Conceptual Confusions and Kantian Remedies. American Political Science Review, XCII (2), 419-227. Sobelman, B. (2015, September 8). Which countries are taking in Syrian refugees? Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from Los",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 712,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Angeles Times:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 725,
"width": 361,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-migrants-scorecard-20150908- story.html",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 764,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "30 Volume 1, Nomor 1, 2019 | RIR",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 442,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Spindler, M. (2002). New Regionalism and the Construction of Global Order. Coventry:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 88,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CSGR.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 102,
"width": 442,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiono, M. (2012). Cosmopolitanism and World Politics Bringing the Global World to International Relations. Global & Strategis, VI (2), 217-230. Taraborrelli, A. (2015). Contemporary Cosmopolitanism (1st ed.). London: Bloomsbury. Walt, S. M. (2016, Juni 26). The Collapse of the Liberal World Order. Retrieved Agustus 17, 2017, from Foreign Policy: http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/26/the-collapse- of-the-liberal-world-order-european-union-brexit-donald-trump/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 211,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
0c9ca920-797c-2a77-130c-ba94ccffeb29 | https://ejurnal.itats.ac.id/jasmet/article/download/2113/1822 | [
{
"left": 195,
"top": 52,
"width": 344,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pranatal, Numerical Study of The Airfoil Pitch Angle on The Darrieus-Savonius Combination Turbine 39",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 89,
"width": 423,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Numerical Study of The Airfoil Pitch Angle on The Darrieus-Savonius Combination Turbine",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 133,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Erifive Pranatal 1 , Renanda Bayu Harsi 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 145,
"width": 360,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Lecturer, Department Naval Architecture, Adhi Tama Institute of Technology, Surabaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 158,
"width": 356,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Student, Department Naval Architecture, Adhi Tama Institute of Technology, Surabaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 188,
"width": 235,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Email: 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 216,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 235,
"width": 400,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Turbin Darrieus banyak digunakan sebagai konverter arus laut untuk menghasilkan energi listrik terbarukan. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan performa turbin adalah dengan mencari sudut pitch optimal. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan sudut optimal sudut pitch dari airfoil NACA 0018 dengan variasi sudut -6°, -2°, 0° dan 2°. Metode Numerik dengan bantuan software Ansys Fluent dilakuan untuk mengevaluasi turbin tersebut. Hasil penelitian adalah sudut 2° menghasilkan koefisin daya dan torsi terbesar dibandingakan sudut yang lain. Hal ini terjadi karena arah gaya angkat pada airfoil kedepan sesuai dengan perputaran turbin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 325,
"width": 167,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Arus laut, Turbin, sudut pitch",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 351,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 369,
"width": 400,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Darrieus turbine is used as an ocean current converter to generate renewable electrical energy. One way to improve turbine performance is to determine the optimal pitch angle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal pitch angle of the NACA 0018 airfoil with angle variations of -6°, -2°, 0° and 2°. Numerical method with the help of Ansy Fluent software was carried out for the construction of the turbine. The result of this research is that the angle of 2° produces the largest coefficient of power and torque compared to other angles. This happens because the direction of the lifting force on the forward airfoil is in accordance with the rotation of the turbine.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 471,
"width": 198,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Ocean Current, Turbine, Pitch Angle",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 507,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Introduction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 456,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Renewable energy is starting to be widely used in everyday life. This happens because of the awareness of the dangers of using fossil energy that can cause global warming so that there will be a future climate crisis. One of the renewable energy is ocean currents. This energy is available and will never run out. In some places there are ocean currents that can be used to generate electricity. The tool to convert energy from ocean currents into electrical energy is a turbine. Ocean currents turn a turbine, where the turbine drives a dynamo to produce electrical energy.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 601,
"width": 456,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In this study, the turbine used is a vertical axis turbine and a combination of the Darrieus turbine and the Savonius turbine which has been studied previously [1]. Turbine optimization is carried out to produce greater torque and power than the previous design. One of the methods used is the optimization of the pitch angle of the Darrieus turbine blades. Similar research has been carried out, namely discussing the effect of the Darrieus turbine angle of attack on the lift and drag forces [2]. In this study, the effect of changing the pitch angle on the torque and power coefficient is studied. So that the angle that produces good torque or power is obtained. The pitch angle variations selected are - 6°, -2°, 0°, and 2°.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 703,
"width": 456,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The same research has been carried out on vertical axis turbine, combination of Darrieus and Savonius: M. Abid et. al [3] perfected the Darrieus turbine which was not effective in self starting by combining it with Savonius. The design of this combination turbine can be seen in Figure 1. Experimental tests at wind speeds of 3 m/s to 20 m/s, yielded an average power of 50 watts. Kaprawi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 52,
"width": 369,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "40 Journal of Applied Sciences, Management and Engineering Technology, Vol 2, Issue 1, March 2021: 39-45",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sahim et. al [4] performed a combination of Darrieus and Savonius turbines with and without a deflector. The turbine design can be seen in Figure 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 310,
"width": 187,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 1. D-S Combination Turbine [3]",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 532,
"width": 187,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 2. D-S Combination Turbine [4]",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 557,
"width": 456,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Research on the Darrieus turbine was carried out by Iwan Kurniawan [5] where the previously straight turbine blades were converted into a helix shape with variations in angles of 60° and 120°. The design of the turbine can be seen in Figure 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 195,
"top": 52,
"width": 344,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pranatal, Numerical Study of The Airfoil Pitch Angle on The Darrieus-Savonius Combination Turbine 41",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 335,
"width": 204,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 3. Darrieus Turbine Helix Blade [6]",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 361,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meanwhile, in this study, variations in pitch angle on the D-S combination turbine were carried out. Turbine model can be seen in Figure 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 687,
"width": 171,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 4. D-S Combination Turbine",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 52,
"width": 369,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "42 Journal of Applied Sciences, Management and Engineering Technology, Vol 2, Issue 1, March 2021: 39-45",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 88,
"width": 50,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Method",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 106,
"width": 456,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The flow of research completion can be seen in Figure 4: The method used for this research is a numerical method with the help of Ansys Fluent software with 2D analysis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 156,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.1. Turbine Model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 175,
"width": 367,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The turbine model can be seen in Figure 3 and the turbine size is in Table 1 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 200,
"width": 108,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1. Turbine Sizes",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 282,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The paddle diameter is the diameter of the Savonius type turbine which is semi-circular. The paddle in Figure 4 is of the overlap type, with an overlap value of 0.4 m. The type of airfoil used is NACA 0018 which can be seen in Figure 5 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 441,
"width": 139,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 5. NACA Profile 0018",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 466,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The model is made in four variations of angles, namely -6°, -2°, 0° and 2°. Next, we will do a mesh and determine the limits of numerical simulation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 504,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2. Numerical Simulation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 522,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Meshing used is triangles . The number of mesh in this simulation is 447,100 and 262,336 nodes . Numerical model and solver details can be seen in Table 2 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 560,
"width": 268,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2. Numerical model and detail solver No Solution Type Sliding Mesh 1 Transient 2nd order implicit 2 Turbulence k-ω based SST 3 Pressure 2nd order 4 Momentum 2nd order 5 ω 2nd order 6 k 2nd order 7 P-V Coupling Pressure based non segregated",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 678,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Numerical simulation results will produce some necessary data such as power and torque produced by the turbine at a predetermined speed. These results will be used in the following Formulas 1, 2 and 3 to determine the performance of the turbine [6]:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 218,
"width": 212,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Item Satuan Unit Turbine Diameter m 2 Paddle Diameter m 0.8 Cord Length m 0.4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 195,
"top": 52,
"width": 344,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pranatal, Numerical Study of The Airfoil Pitch Angle on The Darrieus-Savonius Combination Turbine 43",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 88,
"width": 419,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 4 / 1 ADU T Cm = (1) 3 2 / 1 AU P Cp = (2) U D TSR 2 = (3)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 229,
"width": 208,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.3. Analysis of Numerical Simulation Results",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 248,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The analysis was carried out on the simulation results from the variation of angles in the form of tables and graphs. And conclusions are drawn from these results.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 285,
"width": 121,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Results and Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 304,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The simulation results for turbines with variations in pitch angle can be seen in Table 2, Table 3, Figures 6 and 7.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 341,
"width": 267,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2. Torque Coefficient At Variation Of Pitch Angle",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 673,
"width": 278,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 6. TSP versus CT Chart with Pitch Angle Variation",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 360,
"width": 18,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TSP",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 204,
"top": 360,
"width": 238,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ct -6° -2° 0° 2° 0.8 0.093 0.113 0.125 0.132 1.2 0.097 0.098 0.135 0.142 1.6 0.070 0.069 0.090 0.102 2 -0.051 -0.009 -0.050 -0.042",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 52,
"width": 369,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "44 Journal of Applied Sciences, Management and Engineering Technology, Vol 2, Issue 1, March 2021: 39-45",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 88,
"width": 262,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 3. Power Coefficient At Variation Of Pitch Angle",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 455,
"width": 456,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. TSP versus CT Chart With Pitch Angle Variation Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the airfoil that has the best performance is the one that has an angle of 2°. Figure 8 shows the static pressure contour on the airfoil with an angle of 2°.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 177,
"top": 663,
"width": 216,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 8. Static Pressure Contour at 2° Angle",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 676,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "An angle of 2° produces lift towards the front of the turbine. This direction corresponds to the movement of the turbine which rotates counterclockwise. In contrast to the angle below 2° where the direction of the turbine is opposite to the turbine rotation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 726,
"width": 71,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Conclussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 107,
"width": 239,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TSP Ct -6° -2° 0° 2° 0.8 0.075 0.090 0.0996 0.1054 1.2 0.116 0.117 0.1624 0.1701 1.6 0.111 0.110 0.1443 0.1631 2 -0.103 -0.017 -0.0995 -0.0845",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 532,
"width": 92,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arah arus Arah gaya angkat",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 195,
"top": 52,
"width": 344,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pranatal, Numerical Study of The Airfoil Pitch Angle on The Darrieus-Savonius Combination Turbine 45",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the angle of 2° has the best performance compared to the angle of -6°, -2°, 0°. This is because angle 2 provides a lifting force towards the front of the turbine in accordance with the direction of rotation of the turbine. As further research, it is recommended to increase the pitch angle variations so that a wider picture is obtained.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 150,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "References",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 169,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1] Pranatal E, Beu MM. Analisa CFD Penggunaan Duct pada Turbin Kombinasi Darrieus- Savonius. Jurnal IPTEK. 2018 May 31;22(1):63-70.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 194,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2] Beu MM. Computational Fluid Dynamic for Performance Hydrofoil due to Angle of Attack. Journal of Earth and Marine Technology (JEMT). 2020 Sep 3;1(1):12-9.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 220,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3] Abid M, Karimov K. S., Wajid H. A., Farooq F, Ahmed H, Khan O. H. (2014) “Experimental Study of Darrieus-Savonius Water Turbine with Deflector: Effect of Deflector on the Performace”. Iranica Journal of Energi and Enviromental 6(1): 1-4, 2015",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 255,
"width": 456,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4] Sahim Kaprawi, Ihtisan Kadafi, Santoso Dyos, Sipahutar Riman. (2014) “Experimental Study of Darrieus-Savonius Water Turbine with Deflector: Effect of Deflector on the Performance”. International Journal of Rotating Machinery Volume 2014, Article ID 203108, February 20, 2014",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 308,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5] Kurniawan Iwan. (2014). Kajian Eksperimental dan Numerik Turbin air Helikal Gorlov untuk twist angle 60° dan 120°. Jurnal Teknologi, V (1) 2014: 7-13 ISSN: 2087-5428.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 333,
"width": 456,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6] Yaakob Omar, Ahmed Yasser M, Ismail M Arif. (2012) Validation study for savonius vertical axis Marine Current turbine using CFD Simulation. In: The 6th Asia-Pacific Workshop on Marine Hydrodynamic-APHydro2012, September 3-4.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
c4b30753-3ff1-9349-cd53-d5f0b042ab57 | http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jipi/article/download/57308/19848 | [
{
"left": 175,
"top": 56,
"width": 261,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Available online at: http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jipi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 80,
"width": 288,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023, 95-106",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 793,
"width": 169,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v8i1.57308",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 786,
"width": 208,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC – BY-SA license.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 123,
"width": 432,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Investigating concept mastery of physics students during online lectures through Rasch models on force and motion materials",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 165,
"width": 424,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fauzan Sulman 1,2 *, Lia Yuliatai 2 , Sentot Kusairi 2 , Arif Hidayat 2 , Jupet Pentang 3 , Bismark Mensah 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 178,
"width": 273,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Thaha Saifuddin State Islamic University Jambi. Jambi, Indonesia 2 State University of Malang. Malang, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 203,
"width": 268,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3 Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 183,
"top": 215,
"width": 263,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4 Univesity of Education, Winneba, Ghana * Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 250,
"width": 289,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received: 8 January 2023; Revised: 15 March 2023; Accepted: 17 March 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 274,
"width": 456,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract : Mastery of concepts and solving is the most crucial part of Physics Lectures. The concept of understanding describes students’ understanding of the actual physics material. This research aims to analyze students’ mastery of physics concepts in the material of Force and Motion while lectures are conducted online. This study uses a mixed-method approach to explain students’ answers that still need clarification. Data analysis was carried out using the Rasch model, and a questionnaire was developed based on the possibility of students’ responses to the concepts of force and motion. The results of this study indicate that students’ understanding of the concept of force and motion material still needs to improve, namely 64.062%, around 94% of glasses Tadris students think that the force and motion material given by lecturers during exams is challenging. More than 60.94% of students believe this is because the ability of the force and motion material they have still needs to improve. These results are interpreted based on analysis through the Winstep application Version 3.65.0. Moreover, qualitative data were obtained from interviews. It takes a learning model that is appropriate for use in online and offline learning.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 431,
"width": 302,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Conceptual understanding, Rasch Models, Online Learning",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 455,
"width": 382,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "How to Cite : Sulman, F., Yuliatai, L., Kusairi, S., Hidayat, A., Pentang, J. & Mensah, B. (2023). Investigating concept mastery of physics students during online lectures through Rasch models on force and motion materials. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 95-106. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v8i1.57308",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 268,
"top": 526,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 544,
"width": 459,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, the process of education and science is always supported by technology and is an inherent and inseparable unit in the lecture process (Hariharasudan & Kot, 2018; Shatalebi et al., 2011). Higher education is the most important forum for realizing a new paradigm in the education system, especially in physics education (Ouyang & Jiao, 2021; Sulman, 2019; Sulman et al., 2020). Higher education is the most critical forum for realizing a new paradigm in the education system, especially physics education (Sulman, Sutopo, et al., 2021). In the context of the use of technology in the lecture process, the analysis of conceptual understanding and cheating in answering questions in physics learning is critical so that both conceptual abilities and educators’ misconceptions about the actual quality of students during lectures, both face to face and distance can be observed (Sulman, 2012; Sulman, Sutopo, et al., 2021; Sulman, Yuliati, Kusairi, et al., 2022; Veugen et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 671,
"width": 456,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The success of students in the lecture process can be seen in how much students understand the concepts of the material being studied (Goodhew et al., 2021; Meltzer, 2002) and how much they can do the test questions given (Gurcay & Gulbas, 2015; Putra et al., 2021; Rozal et al., 2021; Sulman, Tanti, et al., 2021; Zb et al., 2020; Zb, Setiawan, et al., 2021) because both are a unity that cannot be separated in an assessment conclusion, in other words, students have difficulty in analyzing contextual problems in a theory or modeling (Kibirige & Mamashela, 2022; Nehru et al., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 747,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lectures should be a form of learning that can connect two learning environments simultaneously (Aycock et al., 2002; Hapke et al., 2020), one of which combines face-to-face and distance learning which has been proven to increase student creativity (Rosbottom, 2001; Zb, Setiawan, et al., 2021), and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 43,
"width": 243,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023 - 96",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 56,
"width": 401,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fauzan Sulman, Lia Yuliati, Sentot Kusairi, Arif Hidayat, Jupeth Toriano Pentang, Bismark Mensah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 793,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 459,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "is a solution and necessity in this era, so that the learning process can be carried out both in normal and emergency conditions such as the Covid-19 pandemic (Sulman, Yuliati, Purnama, et al., 2022; Zb, Setiawan, et al., 2021). Lectures must maintain the quality and student learning outcomes to the maximum, which can be used in solving problems in various conditions (Kibirige & Mamashela, 2022; Lestari et al., 2021). Students coming to campus or not will be able to receive learning with the same quality because the learning objectives are designed to provide knowledge, or it is cross-border learning (Cremers et al., 2014). All students’ knowledge and beliefs can be maximized by using appropriate learning models so that students’ conceptual mastery abilities are expected to be maximally maintained. Students’ ability can be proven to answer questions well in offline and online test questions. Answering a question correctly must be accompanied by good mastery to solve the given problem. The maximum ability possessed by students can be realized if all concepts can be used in solving problems, and physics lectures, both online and offline, must be able to encourage and motivate students in the learning process. If using a suitable learning model, it is believed to be able to make the physics learning process fun. In various conditions (Zb, Novalian, et al., 2021), this is one of the essential things in a physics lesson, so mastery of concepts can be built quickly and maximally.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 278,
"width": 456,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mastery concepts are essential so students can apply them in problem-solving (Nisa’ et al., 2019). Almost all studies have tried to reveal students’ understanding of concepts under normal conditions (Helms, 2014; Lin, 2008; Rosbottom, 2001), and very few studies on learning models that can be solutions and used amid a pandemic (Zb, Setiawan, et al., 2021). Mastering student concepts with a suitable learning model is believed to be able to contribute to the maximum while at the same time being able to show a student’s true abilities in solving problems so that both inhibiting factors in the process of understanding material concepts and indications of cheating in various conditions can be minimized, one of which is in introductory physics courses, especially in force and motion.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 379,
"width": 456,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The concepts of force and motion have an important role in learning physics. Student’s difficulties in understanding force and motion have a long history in physics education research and science education (Bayraktar, 2009; Brookes & Etkina, 2009; Tao et al., 2018; Thornton & Sokoloff, 1998). Students in mastering style and motion experience various kinds of difficulties. Difficulty mastering the material in studying force and motion, including determining the components of the total force (Singh & Schunn, 2009), 3) determining the magnitude and direction of acceleration of moving objects (Sutopo et al., 2012). In addition, students also often misunderstand the relationship between acceleration and force. Most students think that the relationship between acceleration and force is not a covariance relationship but a causal relationship (Sutopo et al., 2012) and also that students may not all be able to activate a model where “moving force” is needed to maintain a constant speed of motion under certain conditions (Brookes & Etkina, 2009). The difficulties experienced by students have an impact on low- concept understanding. Moreover, learning is carried out outside of ideal conditions; the difficulties of students in Style and Motion material are certainly more severe with conditions or circumstances that are out of the ordinary and must be addressed given a solution so that students are still able to master concepts well and can use them to solve problems. Student’s difficulties in mastering force and motion still need to be investigated further (Meiliani et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 581,
"width": 456,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The problems above show that understanding the concepts of force and motion is a fascinating study to observe and analyze further because it is a fundamental requirement for a spectacles educator and is the foundation for students to understand physics material further. Therefore in kinematics material, especially force and motion, where the relationship between concepts is significant and if students can link between concepts in solving a problem and students show in detail and are good at interpreting all components that theoretically work, then learning can run optimally (Mufida & Widodo, 2021; Reyza et al., 2023). The expected understanding of the concept in the lecture process is where students can understand not only physical concepts but also be able to apply them to solving a problem so that the physics theory obtained by students is not only a formula for training or working on questions but more profound than the concept. The concept of glasses can be used to be applied in life. Of course, in the middle of both online and offline lectures, accuracy is needed in choosing a lecture strategy (Mutanaffisah et al., 2021) so that students are indeed able to have an understanding of concepts that are students’ fundamental abilities towards the physics material being studied. Therefore, the study of mastery of student concepts in the application of learning needs to be carried out in a more in-depth analysis, especially in conditioning lectures during the pandemic and the new normal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 43,
"width": 242,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023 - 97",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 56,
"width": 401,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fauzan Sulman, Lia Yuliati, Sentot Kusairi, Arif Hidayat, Jupeth Toriano Pentang, Bismark Mensah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 793,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 88,
"width": 53,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 106,
"width": 456,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mixed-method in the form of an explanatory Sequential Design model Design (Creswell, 2012) s a form of research used in this study. The picture of the research design in the study can be seen in Figure 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 238,
"width": 400,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 1. Explanation Design: Follow-up Explanation Model (Quan Emphasized) (Creswell, 2012)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 256,
"width": 456,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The research was conducted at the State Islamic University of Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Indonesia, with the focus and research subject on Physics education undergraduate program students. In this study, the population used was 65 students who had taken or studied basic physics. The research sample comprised 65 students (9 male and 56 female). The research subjects are in semesters II, IV, and VI, aged 18 to 23 years. The sampling process uses a total sampling technique (Creswell, 2012). The sampling technique in research aims so that the data taken can represent the description of the research results and by the Rasch model process where the more population that represents the research subject, the better the data will be (Sulman, Sutopo, et al., 2021). Data Interviews were conducted with all respondents, amounting to 65 people, so the answers truly represented the respondents.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 370,
"width": 456,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research uses two types of data: quantitative and qualitative. For quantitative data in this study, a test is used as a student’s concept understanding test in multiple-choice questions, totaling 47 questions from Force Conceptual Understanding. FMCE is a standard instrument commonly used to assess students’ conceptual understanding of force and motion (Kohl & Finkelstein, 2008; Meltzer, 2002; Stewart et al., 2021; Sulman, Sutopo, et al., 2021). Expert experts have validated the item items used in the research to become a reference before the research. According to the results of expert validation, several notes and concerns were obtained before the questions were used. After improvements were made according to expert advice, the questions were usable or valid. After that, empirical validity was carried out in a modern way, where the research instrument used a model program with the Winstep program Version 3.65.0 so that the instrument was able to measure students’ mastery of concepts in force and motion material. The research process Then continued with the interview process in the form of 2 questions, namely initial and follow-up questions. Students are asked to describe the problem-solving process used in answering questions. The data obtained from the results of interviews that have been conducted are used to become reinforcement and a tool to detect indicators of students’ absolute concept mastery, primarily when online tests are carried out so that they can see more deeply from the student’s point of view as respondents how students in learning carry out the process. Answer the forces and materials of motion.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 585,
"width": 456,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data analysis in this study is to combine approaches, namely quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data analysis used the Rasch model point of view, and qualitative data was taken using interview questionnaires which were also used to strengthen the results of quantitative data analysis on student concept mastery tests on force and motion material. The test results obtained are analyzed after all respondents have completed online lectures. Through the Rasch model with the Winstep application Version 3.65.0. it will be apparent that the mastery of the students’ concepts after online learning is carried out. The research data analyzed through the Winsteps Version 3.65.0 program will get item parameters that fit based on the Rasch model. The reliability of the questions used is determined based on the magnitude of the value between the reliability of each item and the reliability of the item as a whole, with a considerable Cronbach alpha value as a reference. Then, the item model is considered appropriate if the MNSQ Outfit value is 0.5 to 1.5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 724,
"width": 456,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The standard Z value (ZSTD) ranges from -2.0 to 2.0. Then the correlation value ranges from 0.4 to 0.85. This indicator becomes a reference in seeing questions that are fit or already by the Rash model. Mastery of concepts was analyzed using the Rasch model through the Wright Map and the DIF Item graph based on the logit scale. For mastery of student concepts, it will be reviewed from the logit Mesure scale value, where the logit average value is always set at 0.0 logit, which is the standard for the level",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 167,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Quantitative",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 169,
"width": 391,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data Collection and Alaysis Follow up with Data Qualitative Data Collection and Alaysis Interpr etation n",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 43,
"width": 243,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023 - 98",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 56,
"width": 401,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fauzan Sulman, Lia Yuliati, Sentot Kusairi, Arif Hidayat, Jupeth Toriano Pentang, Bismark Mensah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 793,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "of difficulty of the questions and the standard of student ability (Bohori & Liliawati, 2019; Sulman, Sutopo, et al., 2021). If the student’s ability is spread below 0.0 logit, the student’s mastery of concepts is weak, and vice versa. Then for qualitative data, the results of student questionnaires for the first question will be presented as a percentage of the difficulty of the questions being worked on, whether complex, medium, or easy. Then proceed with follow-up interviews to get more detailed and in-depth results regarding the obstacles experienced by students in money lectures conducted online.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 164,
"width": 456,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The steps of data analysis are; (1) The online test questions are collected in big data in Excel format, and (2) the coding process is carried out. (3) Then, the test results were tested using the Winstep program Version 3.65.0 and presented to map each student’s conceptual understanding regarding force and motion in answering test questions. (4) The first question questionnaire is distributed. (5) The coding process is carried out. (6) Presentation of Analysis Results. (7). Follow-up question questionnaire (8) Coding process (9) Presentation of analysis results (10) Concluding analysis results from quantitative and qualitative data (11) Providing Conclusion Interpretation on special force and motion material in online lectures.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 242,
"top": 277,
"width": 142,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 296,
"width": 178,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analysis of Student Concept Mastery",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 314,
"width": 456,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From the research process that has been carried out, it is very clear and detailed that the actual ability of students is detected to have a significant difference, one of which is from understanding the concept (Maya et al., 2023; Riantoni & Yelianti, 2023; Sofna et al., 2023). an understanding of the concepts that individuals should have to be able to solve all physics problems comprehensively and better, which of course, can be proven directly in the application of the concepts given both in problem- solving and application in everyday life (Reyza et al., 2023; Taqwa et al., 2022). Understanding the concept from the results of observations made, especially in the eyes of material force and motion, is a must that students must possess. The results of student observations showed that they were not good enough or able to master the concepts of force and motion, so they would have difficulty understanding further understanding at a higher level (Yusuf et al., 2022; Zakwandi et al., 2022). The importance of detecting student understanding of concepts makes students skilled and able to participate in the learning process fully.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 466,
"width": 456,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In the research that has been carried out, some important data can be used as input where the importance of understanding the concept must be seen and investigated so that it can become input for the world of physics education in the future, such as the data obtained in this study. The data on student learning outcomes can be seen from personal statistics: measure order. The distribution of student scores can be seen in Figure 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 529,
"width": 456,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From Figure 2. If it is seen from the Outfit Mean Squared (Outfit MNSQ) value in Figure 2, the score is 1.00, and the person’s score is 0.7. The research data presented shows the accuracy of the instrument to be used. The measurement criteria clearly explained in the appropriate item category are 0.5 < MNSQ < 1.5, so the force and motion instruments are valid for measuring students’ mastery of concepts. Then it can also be stated that the data obtained has a value that is most likely very rational. The acceptance of a good assessment of the mastery of the concept of force and motion as a measuring tool is because the Outfit Z Standardized (ZSTD) score is 0.38 for people and 0.1 for items. In other words, overall, the questions used have met the criteria of the Rasch model (Shea et al., 2012; Sulman, Sutopo, et al., 2021; Tseng et al., 2019), and in terms of the average score, the respondent must answer this question because the question is straightforward, namely at an average score of -1.87. The criteria that have been presented show that the instrument used is feasible to test students’ mastery of concepts.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 668,
"width": 456,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of the data analysis of student’s mastery of concepts on the force and motion material that can be seen in Figure 2 can be described as that of 64 students. Only one person can answer correctly 27 questions, namely the student with code 4A22, who, if converted with a score of 100, will get a 60. Two students can answer correctly 14 to 16 questions (scores 31.35 to 35.55). Then 20 students could only correctly answer nine to 13 questions (scoring 20 to 28.89). Thirty students can answer five to 8 questions (scores 11.11 to 17.78). A total of 12 students could only answer 2 to 4 questions (scoring 4.44-8.87), and students obtained the lowest score with code 6A16. The data presented above clearly shows the low concept ability of students during online learning. The low ability of students is a clear",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 43,
"width": 401,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023 - 99 Fauzan Sulman, Lia Yuliati, Sentot Kusairi, Arif Hidayat, Jupeth Toriano Pentang, Bismark Mensah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 793,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "indication that there is a need to improve online learning patterns (Dong et al., 2020; Mishra et al., 2020; Shah et al., 2021), which are genuinely appropriate for achieving lecture goals.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 177,
"top": 727,
"width": 272,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 2. Distribution of student answers based on the Rash Model",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 744,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of the analysis of questions answered by students can be seen on the Wright Item- Student Map in Figure 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 249,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023 - 100",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 56,
"width": 401,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fauzan Sulman, Lia Yuliati, Sentot Kusairi, Arif Hidayat, Jupeth Toriano Pentang, Bismark Mensah",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 793,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 242,
"top": 571,
"width": 142,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 3. Wright map of questions",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 588,
"width": 456,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 2 shows that the questions are actually in a proper category as a measuring tool for mastery of concepts in both online and offline lectures. The questions shown in the picture on the right above are the difficulty level of the questions that the respondent must answer. The problem analysis is viewed from the logit value of 0.0, which is the standard for measuring the ability and difficulty of the questions. Questions 34, 41, 20, 38, and 40 are the most difficult questions with a logit value greater than one logit, while questions 25, 6, 13, 4, 32, 1, and 29 are questions with low criteria with low-value criteria Logit 1, which should be very easy for the respondent to answer. Then the remaining 34 questions are within the criteria that students should be able to answer if they have a good mastery of concepts. Judging from the questions answered by students, it can be concluded that mastery of student concepts is still low. On average, students have not been able to answer questions optimally. For more details on the mastery of student concepts on the material of force and motion, it can be seen in Figure 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 190,
"top": 43,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023 - 101",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 56,
"width": 401,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fauzan Sulman, Lia Yuliati, Sentot Kusairi, Arif Hidayat, Jupeth Toriano Pentang, Bismark Mensah",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 793,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 513,
"width": 159,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4. Wright person-item Peta map",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 530,
"width": 456,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the data obtained through the Wright map in Figure 3, it can be observed how the distribution of students’ abilities in answering each concept mastery question is. Figure 3 shows that about five questions are rated logit 1, which students can answer. Students with code 4A22 have the highest concept mastery skills and can answer questions with medium, low averages and several questions in the high category with logit scores. The data in Figure 3 clearly shows that mastery of concepts will enable students to answer questions in all categories and not only in some categories (Mestre et al., 2011; Stoen et al., 2020; Wells et al., 2019). The research data obtained and presented in Figure 3 indicates that students with code 4A22, as shown by the Rasch model, have a good mastery of concepts. Students below 0.0 logit are included in the category with below-average concept mastery skills in the standard difficulty level. The division of Figure 3 can be simplified in Table 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 663,
"width": 445,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table. 1 Student Concept Mastery on Force and Motion Materials Item Student Code N % Category 1 4A22 1 1,563% Excellent 2 4A16, 8A1, 4A13, 4A4, 6A18, 4A1, 4A31, 6A11, 6A30, 4A5, 4A7, 6A2, 6A25, 6A7, 6A9, 4A12, 4A18, 4A25, 4A9, 6A15, 6A19, 6A5 22 34,375% Low 3 2A2, 4A10, 4A17, 4A2, 4A24, 4A27, 4A28, 4A8, 6A12, 6A22, 6A23, 6A28, 6A29, 6A4, 2A1, 4A14, 4A29, 4A3, 6A20, 6A26, 6A27, 6A25, 6A3, 6A8, 4A11, 4A19, 4A20, 6A10, 6A14, 6A17 4A15, 4A21, 4A23, 4A26, 4A32, 4A6, 6A13, 6A1, 6A21, 6A6, 6A16 41 64,062% Very Low",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023 - 102",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 56,
"width": 401,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fauzan Sulman, Lia Yuliati, Sentot Kusairi, Arif Hidayat, Jupeth Toriano Pentang, Bismark Mensah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 793,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1 shows that, on average, only one student mastered the concept of force and motion in the excellent category. Then 22 people have a common concept understanding. In addition, there are as many as 41 students in the outliers category (under the T scale of questions), or students who have low abilities from the lowest difficulty of questions or, in other words, have meager conceptual understanding abilities. Thus, lecturers should make this an early warning in online lectures that are being carried out, especially for 41 students. The analysis continued with the interview process, where the results of the data obtained can be seen in Figure 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 380,
"width": 387,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A1: The question given are easy; A2 : The question given are mediun; A3 : The question given are difficult",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 397,
"width": 452,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4. The results of the interview test students’ difficulties in the problem of mastery of the concept of force and motion",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 426,
"width": 456,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4 it can be seen how the student’s responses after the test; There are three primary forms of all respondents’ answers, where only 1% (1 person) of respondents stated that the questions analyzed were easy, then 5% (3 people) of respondents stated that the force and motion test questions had moderate difficulty, and 94% (61 people) respondents said the test questions were difficult. Qualitative test data from interviews align with the results of quantitative tests that students have carried out on mastery of concepts where most students experience difficulties or fail to give correct answers. Then proceed with a different interview process to find out the obstacles students experience during the lecture process using online lectures in answering. Interview questions were carried out after students found out the results of the tests given, then students were taken to be interviewed. Interview questions were only used in 3 forms questions whether the tests and material were easy, medium, or complicated, then the researchers made them into quantitative values so that they were easy to see and understand.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 565,
"width": 456,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From Figure 5, which is regarding the follow-up analysis of the interview, the difficulties faced by students in answering the question of force and motion are divided into three components, namely the lack of understanding of the material, the distribution of lecture time that is not maximal and learning resources that are still lacking. As for the results of interviews with students, data was obtained that as many as 39 students (60,94%) thought difficulties occurred because of a lack of understanding of the material. As many as 16 people (25%) thought the inappropriate distribution of lecture time resulted in difficulty understanding the subject matter. The remaining ten people (15.625%) considered their difficulties in understanding the material due to learning resources. It is still very difficult to get, so rely on the explanation in class. As for the data in the picture above, it is more likely to admit that it is difficult to answer questions correctly because their understanding of the material is still lacking. The material they have is only a basic formula that is difficult to use in problem-solving applications; in other words, students have not become physicists who are characterized do not yet have the extensive capabilities that professional physicists usually do, where answers are only based on individual consent, not due to theoretical analysis or concepts of force and motion (Scott & Schumayer, 2018; Smith & Wittmann, 2008). The results of this qualitative data analysis align with the quantitative data presented, where a conclusion can be drawn that, on average, students have low conceptual mastery skills in force and motion.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 180,
"width": 210,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1% 5% 94% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% A1 A2 A3 P er ce n tag es Aspects",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023 - 103",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 56,
"width": 401,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fauzan Sulman, Lia Yuliati, Sentot Kusairi, Arif Hidayat, Jupeth Toriano Pentang, Bismark Mensah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 793,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 310,
"width": 293,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 5. The results of the interview are deeper into student difficulties",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 333,
"width": 80,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 352,
"width": 456,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From the research process and data analysis described, it can be concluded that, on average, students of tardis physics, especially the material of force and motion, do not understand well, where students’ ability to master concepts is still meager, namely, actually 64.062%. As many as 94% of physics tardis students think that the force and motion material given by the lecturer during the test is challenging, and more than 60.94% of students thought it was due to the ability of the material force and motion that they had was still lacking. Observation results indicate that there is still a need for a learning model appropriate for online and offline learning. It is hoped that future researchers can use suitable learning models to improve student learning outcomes in good physical lectures, especially learning that is done online.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 478,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 496,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aycock, A., Garnham, C., & Kaleta, R. (2002). Lessons Learned from the Hybrid Course Project. Teaching with Technology Today , 8 (6), 9–21.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 457,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bayraktar, S. (2009). Misconceptions of Turkish pre-service teachers about force and motion. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education , 7 (2), 273–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-007-9120-9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 566,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bohori, M., & Liliawati, W. (2019). Analisis penguasaan konsep siswa menggunakan Rasch Model pada materi usaha dan energi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 578,
"width": 244,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fisika , 0 .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 591,
"width": 266,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "http://proceedings.upi.edu/index.php/sinafi/article/view/579",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 604,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Brookes, D. T., & Etkina, E. (2009). “Force,” Ontology, and Language. Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research , 5 (1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.5.010110 Cremers, P. H. M., Wals, A. E. J., Wesselink, R., Nieveen, N., & Mulder, M. (2014). Self-directed lifelong learning in hybrid learning configurations. International Journal of Lifelong Education , 33 (2), 207–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2013.838704",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 676,
"width": 457,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Creswell, J. W. (2012). Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research . Dong, C., Cao, S., & Li, H. (2020). Young children’s online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: Chinese parents’ beliefs and attitudes. Children and Youth Services Review , 118 (June), 105440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 730,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Goodhew, L. M., Robertson, A. D., Heron, P. R. L., & Scherr, R. E. (2021). Students’ context-sensitive use of conceptual resources: A pattern across different styles of question about mechanical waves.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 121,
"width": 429,
"height": 660,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Physical Review Physics Education Research , 17 (1), 10137. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevphyseducres.17.010137 39 10 16 Understanding of force and motion material that is still felt Less Learning facilities and resources are still lacking and difficult to obtain or fulfill The absence of system support in lectures, for example, the division of lecture time is considered not optimal",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 43,
"width": 401,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023 - 104 Fauzan Sulman, Lia Yuliati, Sentot Kusairi, Arif Hidayat, Jupeth Toriano Pentang, Bismark Mensah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 793,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 457,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gurcay, D., & Gulbas, E. (2015). Development of three-tier heat, temperature and internal energy diagnostic test. Research in Science and Technological Education , 33 (2), 197–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2015.1018154",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 129,
"width": 457,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hapke, H., Lee-Post, A., & Dean, T. (2020). 3-in-1 Hybrid Learning Environment. Marketing Education Review , 00 (00), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/10528008.2020.1855989",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 157,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hariharasudan, A., & Kot, S. (2018). A scoping review on Digital English and Education 4.0 for Industry 4.0. Social Sciences , 7 (11), 0–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7110227",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 185,
"width": 456,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Helms, S. A. (2014). Blended/hybrid courses: a literature review and recommendations for instructional designers and educators. Interactive Learning Environments , 22 (6), 804–810. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2012.745420",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 224,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kibirige, I., & Mamashela, D. (2022). High school students ’ misconceptions about force : what changed the flipped class experience ? 10 (March), 0–3.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 255,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kohl, P. B., & Finkelstein, N. D. (2008). Patterns of multipe representation use by experts and novices during physics problem solving. Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research , 4 (1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.4.010111",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 296,
"width": 457,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lestari, Syafril, S., Latifah, S., Engkizar, E., Damri, D., Asril, Z., & Yaumas, N. E. (2021). Hybrid learning on problem-solving abiities in physics learning: A literature review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science , 1796 (1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742- 6596/1796/1/012021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 349,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lin, O. (2008). Student Views of Hybrid Learning. Journal of Computing in Teacher Education , 25 (2), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402454.2008.10784610",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 375,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maya, F., Yani, F., Rohmah, S., Purnama, B. Y., & Zohuri, B. (2023). Analysis of Students ’ Understanding of Concepts in Straight Motion Material in Physics Learning . 2 (1), 1–2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 406,
"width": 457,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meiliani, M., Tanti, T., & Sulman, F. (2021). Student Resources On Newton’s Lawa Concepts Reviewing From Gender: Identification Using Open-Ended Question. Indonesia Journal of Science and Mathematics Education , 04 (November), 324–332. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v4i3.10177",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 459,
"width": 457,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meltzer, D. E. (2002). The relationship between mathematics preparation and conceptual learning gains in physics: A possible “hidden variable” in diagnostic pretest scores. American Journal of Physics , 70 (12), 1259–1268. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1514215",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 500,
"width": 457,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mestre, J. P., Docktor, J. L., Strand, N. E., & Ross, B. H. (2011). Conceptual Problem Solving in Physics. In Psychology of Learning and Motivation - Advances in Research and Theory (Vol. 55). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387691-1.00009-0",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 541,
"width": 457,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mishra, L., Gupta, T., & Shree, A. (2020). Online teaching-learning in higher education during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Educational Research Open , 100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100012",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 580,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nisa’, F., Yuliati, L., & Mufti, N. (2019). Miskonsepsi Konsep Gerak Satu dan Dua Dimensi Siswa SMA. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan , 4 (10), 1380. https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v4i10.12874",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 623,
"width": 457,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ouyang, F., & Jiao, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: The three paradigms. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence , 2 (April), 100020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100020",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 651,
"width": 456,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Putra, M. I. J., Junaid, M., & Sulman, F. (2021). The Ability of the Question and Answer (Q&A) Method with the Help of Learning Videos against Student Learning Outcomes amid the Covid-19 Pandemic.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 677,
"width": 429,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "EDUKATIF: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan , 3 (5), 2160–2169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i5.768",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 703,
"width": 456,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Reyza, M., Taqwa, A., Suyudi, A., & Sulman, F. (2023). Kinematics students ’ conceptual understanding in mathematical and visual representations : Is it different ? Kinematics Students ’ Conceptual Understanding in Mathematical and Visual Representations : Is It Different ? 050005 (January).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 759,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riantoni, C., & Yelianti, U. (2023). Analysis of Student Problem Solving Processes in Physics. International Journal of Education and Teaching Zone , 2 (1), 1–2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023 - 105",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 56,
"width": 401,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fauzan Sulman, Lia Yuliati, Sentot Kusairi, Arif Hidayat, Jupeth Toriano Pentang, Bismark Mensah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 793,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rosbottom, J. (2001). Hybrid learning - A safe route into web-based open and distance learning for the computer science teacher. Proceedings of the Conference on Integrating Technology into Computer Science Education, ITiCSE , 89–92. https://doi.org/10.1145/377435.377493",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 129,
"width": 457,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rozal, E., Ananda, R., Zb, A., Fauziddin, M., & Sulman, F. (2021). The Effect of Project-Based Learning through YouTube Presentations on English Learning Outcomes in Physics. AL- ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan , 13 (3), 1924–1933. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i3.1241 Scott, T. F., & Schumayer, D. (2018). Central distractors in Force Concept Inventory data. Physical Review Physics Education Research , 14 (1), 10106.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 195,
"width": 256,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.14.010106",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 211,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Shah, S. S., Shah, A. A., Memon, F., Kemal, A. A., & Soomro, A. (2021). Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: Applying the self-determination theory in the ‘new normal.’ Revista de Psicodidáctica , xxxx . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicoe.2020.12.003",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 252,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Shatalebi, B., Sharifi, S., & Javadi, H. (2011). An integrative teaching model in the globalization era with a teaching technology orientation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 28 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.036",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 293,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Shea, T., Cooper, B. K., de Cieri, H., & Sheehan, C. (2012). Evaluation of a perceived organisational performance scale using Rasch model analysis. Australian Journal of Management , 37 (3), 507– 522. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896212443921",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 333,
"width": 456,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Singh, C., & Schunn, C. D. (2009). Connecting three pivotal concepts in K-12 science state standards and maps of conceptual growth to research in physics education. J. Phys. Tchr. Educ. Online , 5 (2).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 374,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Smith, T. I., & Wittmann, M. C. (2008). Applying a resources framework to analysis of the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation . September , 1–12.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 400,
"width": 223,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.4.020101",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 415,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sofna, A., Sakinah, Y., & Pentang, J. T. (2023). Analysis of Student Learning Interest In Physics Subject In Force Material. International Journal of Education and Teaching Zone , 2 (1), 1–2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 444,
"width": 457,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Stewart, J., Drury, B., Wells, J., Adair, A., Henderson, R., Ma, Y., Pérez-Lemonche, Á., & Pritchard, D. (2021). Examining the relation of correct knowledge and misconceptions using the nominal response model. Physical Review Physics Education Research , 17 (1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.17.010122",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 497,
"width": 456,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Stoen, S. M., McDaniel, M. A., Frey, R. F., Hynes, K. M., & Cahill, M. J. (2020). Force concept inventory: More than just conceptual understanding. Physical Review Physics Education Research , 16 (1), 10105. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.16.010105",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 538,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sulman, F. (2012). Pengaruh Model Kooperatif Tipe Problem Possing dan Motivasi Awal Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 12 Padang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 567,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sulman, F. (2019). Application of Cooperative Problem Posing and Prior Motivation Towards Students Learning Outcomes. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research (IJER) , 4 (2), 93–96. https://doi.org/10.30631/ijer.v4i2.126",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 607,
"width": 456,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sulman, F., Sutopo, S., & Kusairi, S. (2021). FMCE-PHQ-9 Assessment with Rasch Model in Detecting Concept Understanding , Cheating , and Depression amid the Covid-19 Pandemic. Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan Dan Ilmu Tarbiyah , 6 (2), 297–309. https://doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v6i2.9273",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 648,
"width": 456,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sulman, F., Tanti, T., Habibi, M., & Zb, A. (2021). Pengaruh Media Animasi Berkarakter Islami Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pengetahuan Bumi dan Antariksa. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan , 5 (1), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v5i1.1044",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 689,
"width": 456,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sulman, F., Taqwa, M. R. A., Aminah Zb, A. Z., Rafzan, R., & Fikri, A. (2020). The Effect of Mathematical Connections on the Mastery of Probability Material. Edumatika : Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika , 3 (2), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.32939/ejrpm.v3i2.645",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 728,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sulman, F., Yuliati, L., Kusairi, S., & Hidayat, A. (2022). Hybrid Learning Model : Its Impact on Mastery of Concepts and Self- Regulation in Newton ’ s Second Law Material. Kasuari: Physics Education Journal , 5 (1), 65–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37891/kpej.v5i1.273",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 9 (1), 2023 - 106",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 56,
"width": 401,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fauzan Sulman, Lia Yuliati, Sentot Kusairi, Arif Hidayat, Jupeth Toriano Pentang, Bismark Mensah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 793,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 457,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sulman, F., Yuliati, L., Purnama, B. Y., & Arief, M. R. (2022). Creativity In Deriving The Fermi-Dirac Equation Through STEAM Approaches . 10 (3). https://doi.org/10.20527/bipf.v10i3.13182 Tao, H. feng, Paszke, W., Rogers, E., Gałkowski, K., & Yang, H. zhong. (2018). Modified Newton method based iterative learning control design for discrete nonlinear systems with constraints. Systems and Control Letters , 118 , 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2018.05.007 Taqwa, R. A. T., Sulman, F., & Faizah, R. (2022). College Students ’ Conceptual Understanding of Force and Motion : Research Focus on Resource Theory College Students ’ Conceptual Understanding of Force and Motion : Research Focus on Resource Theory. Journal of Physics: Conference Series , 2309 (1), 012073. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2309/1/012073 Thornton, R. K., & Sokoloff, D. R. (1998). Assessing student learning of Newton’s laws: The Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation and the Evaluation of Active Learning Laboratory and Lecture Curricula. American Journal of Physics , 66 (4), 338–352. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18863",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 252,
"width": 456,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tseng, W. T., Su, T. Y., & Nix, J. M. L. (2019). Validating Translation Test Items via the Many-Facet",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 264,
"width": 429,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rasch Model. Psychological Reports , 122 (2), 748–772.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 277,
"width": 195,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118768664",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 293,
"width": 457,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Veugen, M. J., Gulikers, J. T. M., & den Brok, P. (2021). We agree on what we see: Teacher and student perceptions of formative assessment practice. Studies in Educational Evaluation , 70 (October 2020), 101027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2021.101027",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 333,
"width": 457,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wells, J., Henderson, R., Stewart, J., Stewart, G., Yang, J., & Traxler, A. (2019). Exploring the structure of misconceptions in the Force Concept Inventory with modified module analysis. Physical Review Physics Education Research , 15 (2), 20122.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 371,
"width": 256,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.15.020122",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 387,
"width": 457,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yusuf, I., Zb, A., & Rozal, E. (2022). The Understanding Mathematical Communication Concepts and Skills : Analysis of the Ability of Prospective Physics Teachers ? International Journal of Education and Teaching Zone , 1 (2), 8–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57092/ijetz.v1i2.34 Zakwandi, R., Wulansari, P., Maula, A. R., & Hasan, S. (2022). Learning Reflection During Covid-19 Pandemic : Teacher Perception Toward Google Form Based Test. International Journal of Education and Teaching Zone , 1 (2), 8–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57092/ijetz.v1i2.42 Zb, A., Novalian, D., Ananda, R., Habibi, M., & Sulman, F. (2021). DISTANCE LEARNING WITH STEAM APPROACHES: Is Effect On The Cognitive Domain? 6 (2), 129–140.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 497,
"width": 457,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Zb, A., Setiawan, M. E., Rozal, E., & Sulman, F. (2021). Investigating Hybrid Learning Strategies: Does it Affect Creativity? Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 523,
"width": 429,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran , 7 (4), 868–875. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v7i4.4063",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 551,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Zb, A., Setiawan, M. E., & Sulman, F. (2020). Pengaruh E-Learning Berbasis Schoology Berbantuan WhatsApp Group terhadap Hasil Belajar Ditengah Pandemi Covid-19. Al-Khidmah , 3 (2), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.29406/al-khidmah.v3i2.2282",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
1b99eb5d-38d4-acbc-01a5-977aafd1b278 | https://jurnal.polibatam.ac.id/index.php/JAMA/article/download/495/347 | [
{
"left": 423,
"top": 32,
"width": 100,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article History Received September, 2017 Accepted September, 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 32,
"width": 218,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING Vol. 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 ISSN: 2548-9917 (online version)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 88,
"width": 389,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL DENGAN SISTEM PENGUKURAN KINERJA SEBAGAIVARIABEL MODERATING PADA FAJAR GRUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 148,
"width": 112,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wawan Darmawan, Teri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 172,
"width": 164,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Universitas Fajar, Universitas Fajar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 196,
"width": 114,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 272,
"top": 220,
"width": 54,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 242,
"width": 428,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Total Quality Management (TQM) is one technique that is often used by companies in order to improve its performance.The aims of the research were to (1) determine and test whether total quality management (TQM)has positive effect on managerial performance at Fajar Group, (2) determine and test whether TQM measurement has effect on managerial performance at Fajar Group, (3) determine and test whether measurement system of TQM has a role as moderating variable between TQM and managerial performance at Fajar Group. The research was a quantitative study conducted in companies belonging to Fajar Group. The population consisted of 58 respondents taken from 24 companies by considering the number of managers at mid-level of each company. The measurement wasdone using quantitative data with Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) analysis. The results of the research indicate that (1) TQM has positive effect on managerial performance, (2) performance measurement system has positive effect on managerial performance at Fajar Group, (3) TQM interaction with performance management system has effect on managerial performance at Fajar Group.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 392,
"width": 254,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keyword : total quality management, managerial performance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 426,
"width": 51,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 449,
"width": 429,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Total Quality Management (TQM) merupakan salah satu teknik yang sering digunakan oleh perusahaan dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerjanya, Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dan menguji: (1) pengaruh positif TQM terhadap kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup; (2) pengaruh positif sistem pengukuran kinerja terhadap kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup; (3) sistem pengukuran kinerja berperan sebagai variabel moderasi antara TQM dengan kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif terhadap perusahaan yang tergabung dalam Fajar Grup. Jumlah sampel mempertimbangkan aspek jumlah manajer tingkat menengah untuk tiap-tiap perusahaan, yakni dari 24 perusahaanditetapkan sebanyak 58 responden. Oleh karena jumlah anggota populasi relatif kecil, seluruh anggota populasi akan dijadikan sebagai sampel denganukuran sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 58 orang. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis moderated regression analysis (MRA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) total quality management berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup; (2) sistem pengukuran kinerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup; (3) interaksi TQM dengan sistem pengukuran kinerja mempengaruhi kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 610,
"width": 347,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci: total quality management, kinerja manajerial, sistem pengukuran kinerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "100 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 71,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 103,
"width": 222,
"height": 448,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berkembangnya sistem akuntansi manajemen kontemporer merupakan re-aksi terhadap perubahan signifikan pada lingkungan bisnis yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan manufaktur dan perusahaan jasa. Sistem akuntansi manajemen kon-temporer secara keseluruhan bertujuan untuk kepuasan, meningkatkan kualitas, relevansi, serta penetapan waktu infor-masi biaya (Hansen & Mowen, 2004). Salah satu aspek yang penting sistem akuntansi manajemen kontemporer terse-but adalah Total Quality Management (TQM). TQM membuat perusahaan dapat tetap bersaing dengan perusahaan-peru-sahaan lain karena konsep dasarnya yaitu perbaikan secara berkala atau terus-menerus. Selain itu, TQM merupakan proses yang memiliki orientasi ke kon-sumen dengan mengintegrasikan antara praktek manajemen dasar dan usaha-usaha perbaikan yang sering dipakai serta teknik dan peralatan-peralatan handal. TQM dapat diterapkan untuk setiap perusahaan kecil maupun perusahaan, industri jasa atau manufaktur, dan juga organisasi swasta atau publik. TQM juga diakui dapat membantu meningkatkan produktivitas, kepuasan karyawan, dan kepuasan konsumen (Wolner, 1992).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 555,
"width": 223,
"height": 214,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bagi beberapa perusahaan, sistem akuntansi manajemen kontemporer ber- manfaat untuk mempresentasikan pembe- banan biaya yang lebih akurat dan terinci melebihi biayanya. Aspek penting dari perubahan ini adalah: perspektif lintas fungsional, orientasi kepada pelanggan, manajemen mutu terpadu (TQM), per- saingan global, waktu sebagai unsur kom- petitif, kemajuan lingkungan manufaktur, kemajuan dalam teknologi informasi, ma- najemen berdasarkan aktivitas, serta pertumbuhan dan deregulasi dalam indus-tri jasa (Hansen & Mowen, 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 223,
"height": 400,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TQM merupakan salah satu teknik yang sering digunakan oleh perusahaan dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerjanya, oleh karena itu penelitian tentang peng-gunaan TQM dan sistem akuntansi ma-najemen secara interaktif yang mempe-ngaruhi kinerja perusahaan menjadi salah satu topik yang menarik. Penerapan TQM mampu membuat beberapa perusahaan berhasil meningkatkan kinerjanya namun tidak sedikit juga yang belum mampu meningkatkan kinerja mereka, dan hanya sedikit bukti empiris yang menguji alasan penyebab hasil penerapan teknik TQM yang tidak konsisten (Powell, 1995). Ini berarti bahwa secara universal tidak ada sistem akuntansi manajemen yang selalu bisa bisa diterapkan pada organisasi, karena hal ini tergantung juga pada alasan kondisional pada organisasi tersebut. Penyebab kinerja perusahaan rendah me-nurut beberapa peneliti bidang akuntansi disebabkan oleh sistem akuntansi mana-jemen perusahaan tersebut gagal dalam menentukan ukuran- ukuran kinerja, sasa-ran-sasaran yang tepat, dan sistem peng-hargaan (Banker et al., 1993).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 493,
"width": 223,
"height": 214,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peneliti lainnya dilakukan oleh Wruck & Jensen (1994), yang melakukan pengujian faktor-faktor penyebab keti-dakefektifan penerapan TQM menemu-kan bahwa efektivitas penerapan TQM memerlukan perubahan mendasar pada infrastruktur organisasional, meliputi: sis-tem pengukuran kinerja, sistem penghar-gaan serta hukuman, dan sistem alokasi wewenang pembuatan keputusan. Temu-an lainnya dilakukan Itter & Larcker (1995), yang menemukan bukti bahwa organisasi yang mempraktekkan sistem akuntansi manajemen dan TQM tidak dapat mencapai kinerja yang tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 711,
"width": 223,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pernyataan berbeda dikemukakan oleh peneliti lain yaitu Khim & Larry (1998), yang menemukan adanya penga-ruh interaktif (bersama-sama) antara praktik penerapan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "101 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 223,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TQM dengan desain sistem akuntansi manajemen terhadap kinerja. Lebih lanjut Khim & Larry (1998), menyatakan bahwa praktek TQM yang efektif memerlukan perubahan dalam sistem akuntansi manajemen yang terdiri dari diseminasi informasi lintas hirarki organisasional, pengumpulan in-formasi baru, perubahan sistem reward , ukuran kerja dan tujuan kinerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 244,
"width": 223,
"height": 307,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari hasil penelitian yang kon-tradiksi tersebut, perlu dilakukan pene-litian untuk merekonsiliasi hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya yang tidak konsis-ten tersebut untuk mengetahui apakah interaksi praktik penerapan TQM dan sis-tem akuntansi manajemen berpengaruh terhadap kinerja. Penelitian ini mencoba menguji temuan dari Khim & Larry (1998), yang fokus pada TQM/JIT dan tiga komponen utama sistem akuntansi manajemen yang salah satunya adalah sistem pengukuran kinerja pada tingkat organisasional serta kinerja berdasarkan pada kualitas dan keuangan yang dite-rapkan pada tingkat operasi produksi pada Fajar Grup, yaitu grup perusahaan yang membawahi banyak perusahaan media yang pada prinsipnya telah mene-rapkan TQM. Perusahaan ini tidak terle-pas dari fenomena kualitas dan kuantitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 556,
"width": 223,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fajar Grup dalam era globalisasi, di satu pihak diperhadapkan pada keku-atan- kekuatan dan masalah-masalah inte-ren yang ada. Sedangkan di lain pihak, secara bersamaan juga diperhadapkan pa-da kondisi lingkungan dengan berbagai faktor peluang dan tantangan yang senan-tiasa berkembang dinamis. Adanya peru-sahaan pesaing menjadi tantangan ter-sendiri untuk dapat bertahan hidup. Hal ini tentu saja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 711,
"width": 222,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "membutuhkan optimalisasi fungsi-fungsi manajemen, inilah yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, khususnya masalah sistem pengu-kuran kinerja yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 222,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "terdapat pada Fajar Grup. Sistem pengukuran kinerja ke-mungkinan dapat mempengaruhi penera-pan TQM yang juga akan dapat mem- pengaruhi kinerja manajerial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 150,
"width": 223,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan pada latar belakang yang telah diuraikan di atas, maka penulis merumuskan masalah penelitian yaitu apakah TQM dan sistem pengukuran kinerja serta interaksi diantara keduanya berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menguji apakah TQM dan sistem pengukuran kinerja serta interaksi diantara keduanya berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 338,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rumusan Masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 353,
"width": 222,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan pada latar belakang yang telah diuraikan di atas, maka pene-liti merumuskan masalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 399,
"width": 223,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Apakah TQM berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja manajerial pada Fajar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 431,
"width": 31,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Grup.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 446,
"width": 222,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Apakah sistem pengukuran kinerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 493,
"width": 222,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Apakah sistem pengukuran kinerja berperan sebagai variabel moderasi antara TQM dengan kinerja mana-jerial pada Fajar Grup.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 572,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kajian Literatur",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 587,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Total Quality Management (TQM) sebagai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 603,
"width": 222,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "solusi Berangkat dari hasil penelitian-penelitian yang kontradiksi, peneliti me-rasa perlu melakukan penelitian untuk merekonsiliasi hasil-hasil penelitian sebe-lumnya yang tidak konsisten tersebut un-tuk mengetahui apakah interaksi praktik penerapan TQM dan sistem akuntansi manajemen berpengaruh terhadap kinerja. Penelitian ini mencoba menguji temuan dari Khim & Larry (1998), yang fokus pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "102 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 403,
"top": 617,
"width": 40,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem Pengukur an",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 222,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TQM/JIT dan tiga komponen utama sistem akuntansi manajemen yang salah satunya adalah sistem pengukuran kinerja pada tingkat organisasional serta kinerja berdasarkan pada kualitas dan keuangan yang diterapkan pada tingkat operasi produksi pada Fajar Grup, yaitu grup perusahaan yang membawahi banyak pe-rusahaan media yang pada prinsipnya telah menerapkan TQM. Perlu diingat Fajar Grup termasuk perusahaan yang tidak terlepas dari fenomena kualitas dan kuantitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 275,
"width": 223,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kualitas menjadi hal utama yang menjadi titik fokus setiap perusahaan. Berbagai hal dilakukan untuk mening-katkan kualitas yang diterapkan pada produk, pelayanan dan manajemen peru-sahaan. Menurut Garrison (2000) “ken-dala atau constraint adalah segala sesuatu yang menghambat Anda untuk mendapat-kan apa yang anda inginkan”. Oleh kare-na itu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 415,
"width": 223,
"height": 307,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pengelolaan berdasarkan Theory of Constraints menjadi faktor kunci sukses. Perusahaan dituntut untuk dapat menga-tasi kendala agar kinerja manajerialnya dapat menjadi lebih baik sehingga tidak mengganggu kelangsungan hidup perusa-haan. Salah satu alat yang dianggap dapat membantu memperbaiki kinerja manaje-rial dalam mencapai tujuan peningkatan laba adalah Total Quality Management (TQM). Total Quality Management se-cara harafiah berasal dari kata “total“ yang berarti keseluruhan atau terpadu, “quailty” yang berarti kualitas, dan “management” telah disamakan dengan manajemen dalam bahasa Indonesia yang diartikan dengan pengelolaan. Jadi dari asal katanya total quality management dapat diartikan manajemen mutu terpadu atau manajemen kualitas terpadu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 727,
"width": 222,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini mengajukan pada suatu model yang menghubungkan antara Total Quality Management (TQM) de-ngan kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 223,
"height": 291,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "manajerial yang dimoderasi oleh sistem pengukuran kinerja. Khim & Larry (1998) membangun suatu kerangka konsep untuk meneliti hubungan antara praktik penerapan TQM dengan desain sistem akuntansi manajemen terhadap kinerja. Temuan Khim & Larry fokus pada TQM/JIT dan tiga komponen utama sistem akuntansi manajemen yaitu sistem pengukuran kinerja, sasaran-sasaran ki-nerja, dan sistem penghargaan pada ting-kat organisasional serta kinerja berdasar-kan pada kualitas dan keuangan. Mereka menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh interaktif antara praktik penerapan TQM dengan desain sistem akuntansi mana-jemen terhadap kinerja. Dengan demikian efektifitas praktek TQM membutuhkan perubahan-perubahan dalam sistem akun-tansi manajemen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 384,
"width": 223,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya, penelitian ini membangun sebuah kerangka konseptual dengan menghubungkan antara Total Quality Management (TQM) dengan kinerja ma- najerial yang dimoderasi oleh sistem pe- ngukuran kinerja, yang dapat dilihat pada skema sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 353,
"top": 696,
"width": 186,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Model Pengaruh TQM dan Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja terhadap Kinerja Manajerial",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 524,
"width": 24,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Total",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 540,
"width": 36,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Quality Manage",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 475,
"top": 540,
"width": 41,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kinerja Manaje-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "103 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prinsip Utama dalam Total Quality",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 104,
"width": 108,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Management (TQM)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 119,
"width": 225,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Joseph M Juran (McLeod & Schell, 2008), berpendapat bahwa kua-litas dapat disarikan menjadi tiga proses dasar yaitu “perencanaan kualitas, pe-ngendalian kualitas, dan perbaikan kua-litas”. Proses-proses ini disebutnya trilogi kualitas. Menurut Nasution (2005) ada sepuluh karakteristik TQM yang dikem-bangkan oleh Goetsch & Davis, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 244,
"width": 225,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Kepuasan Pelanggan Dalam TQM, baik pelanggan internal maupun pelanggan eksternal meru-pakan driver . Pelanggan eksternal menentukan kualitas produk atau jasa yang disampaikan kepada mereka, sedangkan pelanggan internal ber-peran besar dalam menentukan kua-litas tenaga kerja, proses, dan ling-kungan yang berhubungan dengan produk atau jasa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 400,
"width": 225,
"height": 229,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Obsesi terhadap Kualitas Dalam organisasi yang menerapkan TQM, pelanggan internal dan eks-ternal menentukan kualitas. Dengan kualitas yang ditetapkan tersebut, organisasi harus terobsesi untuk me-menuhi atau melebihi apa yang diten-tukan mereka. Hal ini berarti, bahwa semua karyawan pada setiap level berusaha melaksanakan setiap aspek pekerjaannya berdasarkan perspektif. Bagaimana kita dapat melakukannya dengan lebih baik? Bila suatu orga-nisasi terobsesi dengan kualitas, maka berlaku prinsip „ good enough is never good enough ‟.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 633,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendekatan Ilmiah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 649,
"width": 207,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendekatan ilmiah sangat diperlukan dalam penerapan TQM, terutama un-tuk mendesain pekerjaan dan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan dan pemecahan masalah yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan yang didesain ter-sebut. Dengan demikian, data diper-lukan dan dipergunakan dalam me-nyusun patok duga ( benchmark ),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 88,
"width": 204,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "me-mantau prestasi, dan melaksanakan perbaikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 119,
"width": 150,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Komitmen Jangka Panjang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 135,
"width": 204,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TQM merupakan suatu paradigma baru dalam melaksanakan bisnis. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan budaya peru-sahaan yang baru pula. Oleh karena itu, komitmen jangka panjang sangat penting guna mengadakan perubahan budaya agar penerapan TQM dapat berjalan dengan sukses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 259,
"width": 223,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Kerjasama Tim Dalam organisasi yang dikelola secara tradisional seringkali diciptakan per- saingan antar departemen yang ada dalam organisasi tersebut agar daya saingnya terdongkrak. Sementara itu, dalam organisasi yang menerapkan TQM, kerjasama tim, kemitraan, dan hubungan dijalin dan dibina, baik an-tar karyawan perusahaan maupun de-ngan pemasok, lembaga-lembaga pe-merintah, dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 431,
"width": 222,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "masyarakat sekitarnya. e. Perbaikan sistem secara berkesinam-bungan Setiap produk dan atau jasa dihasilkan dengan memanfaatkan proses-proses tertentu di dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 509,
"width": 204,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "suatu sistem/lingku-ngan. Oleh karena itu, sistem yang ada perlu diperbaiki secara terus-menerus agar kualitas yang dihasil- kannya dapat makin meningkat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 587,
"width": 128,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendidikan dan Pelatihan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 602,
"width": 205,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dewasa ini masih terdapat perusahaan yang menutup mata terhadap penting-nya pendidikan dan pelatihan karya-wan. Kondisi seperti itu menyebabkan perusahaan yang bersangkutan tidak berkembang dan sulit bersaing dengan perusahaan lainnya, apalagi dalam era persaingan global. Sedangkan dalam organisasi yang menerapkan TQM, pendidikan dan pelatihan merupakan faktor yang fundamental. Setiap orang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "104 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 88,
"width": 204,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "diharapkan dan didorong untuk terus belajar. Dengan belajar, setiap orang dalam perusahaan dapat meningkat-kan keterampilan teknis dan keahlian profesionalnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 166,
"width": 222,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Kebebasan yang terkendali Dalam TQM, keterlibatan dan pem- berdayaan karyawan dalam pengam-bilan keputusan dan pemecahan masa-lah merupakan unsur yang sangat penting. Hal ini dikarenakan unsur tersebut dapat meningkatkan „rasa memiliki dan tanggung jawab karya-wan terhadap keputusan yang telah dibuat. Meskipun demikian, kebeba-san yang timbul karena keterlibatan dan pemberdayaan tersebut merupa-kan hasil dari pengendalian yang terencana dan terlaksana dengan baik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 368,
"width": 222,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "g. Kesatuan Tujuan Supaya TQM dapat diterapkan de-ngan baik, maka perusahaan harus memiliki kesatuan tujuan. Dengan de-mikian, setiap usaha dapat diarahkan pada tujuan yang sama. Akan tetapi, kesatuan tujuan ini tidak berarti bah-wa harus selalu ada persetujuan/ kesepakatan antara pihak manajemen dan karyawan, misalnya mengenai upah dan kondisi kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 524,
"width": 222,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "h. Adanya Keterlibatan dan Pemberda-yaan Karyawan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 572,
"width": 224,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manfaat Total Quality Management (TQM)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 587,
"width": 222,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manfaat TQM adalah memper-baiki kinerja manajerial dalam mengelola perusahaan agar dapat meningkatkan penghasilan perusahaan. Ada beberapa keuntungan pengendalian mutu yang di- gambarkan Ishikawa (1992) dalam bukunya, antara lain:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 696,
"width": 222,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. pengendalian mutu memungkinkan untuk membangun mutu di setiap langkah proses produksi demi meng-hasilkan produk yang 100% bebas cacat,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 223,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. pengendalian mutu memungkinkan perusahaan menemukan kesalahan atau kegagalan sebelum akhirnya be-rubah menjadi musibah bagi peru-sahaan,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 150,
"width": 223,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. pengendalian mutu memungkinkan desain produk mengikuti keinginan pelanggan secara efisien sehingga produknya selalu dibuat sesuai pilihan pelanggan,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 228,
"width": 223,
"height": 244,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. pengendalian mutu dapat membantu perusahaan menemukan data-data produksi yang salah. TQM juga digunakan untuk memperbaiki posisi persaingan perusa-haan di pasar dan sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam meng-hasilkan output dengan mutu berkualitas. “Produk yang berkualitas yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan dan kepuasan kon-sumen secara berkelanjutan ( sustainable satisfaction ) akan menimbulkan pembe-lian yang berkelanjutan yang pada ak-hirnya dapat meningkatkan produktivitas perusahaan mencapai skala ekonomi dengan akibat penurunan biaya produksi” (Ibrahim, 2000).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 494,
"width": 224,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manfaat Total Quality Management (TQM)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 680,
"width": 192,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 2.Manfaat Total Quality Management (TQM) Sumber : Stephen (1994)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "105 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TQM dan Kinerja Manajerial",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 103,
"width": 222,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kinerja manajerial diharapkan mampu dihasilkan oleh seseorang yang memegang posisi manajerial dengan kata lain kinerja manajerial bersifat abstrak dan komplek, ini berbeda dengan kinerja karyawan yang umumnya bersifat kong-krit. Manajer menghasilkan kinerja de-ngan mengarahkan kemampuan dan bakat, serta usaha beberapa orang lain yang berada di dalam daerah wewe-nangnya (Mulyadi & Setiawan, 2001).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 261,
"width": 223,
"height": 214,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian dari Tersziovski & Samson (1999) tentang elemen-elemen TQM yang dijadikan sebagai sistem penghargaan kualitas, melakukan uji hu-bungan antara faktor elemen TQM yang dipilih terhadap faktor kinerja, dan ha-silnya adalah faktor elemen TQM mem-pengaruhi kinerja. Penelitian yang dila-kukan oleh Madu & Kuei (1996) menun-jukan bahwa ada hubungan antara kinerja organisasional dan kualitas, sehingga penting bagi perusahaan untuk mema-hami indikator-indikator kritis dalam dimensi kualitas yang mempengaruhi kinerja organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 495,
"width": 206,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TQM, Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja, dan Kinerja Manajerial",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 526,
"width": 225,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Praktek TQM/JIT saat ini mendo-rong aliran informasi ke karyawan yang melaksanakan tugas tersebut secara kon-tinyu. Banker, et al. (1993) dalam peneli-tiannya memberikan bukti empiris bahwa frekuensi pelaporan ukuran kinerja manu-faktur pada karyawan, terkait dengan praktik TQM, implementasi Just-In-Time (JIT), dan kerja sama tim.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 170,
"top": 651,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jika perusahaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 651,
"width": 225,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "telah mengimplementasikan cara-cara un-tuk memperbaiki kualitas secara kontinyu atau terus-menerus maka program pening-katan kualitas seperti TQM secara indivi-dual bisa efektif, jika dibandingkan de-ngan perusahaan pesaing yang menga-dakan perbaikan dengan tidak menggu-nakan teknik TQM.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 226,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian lain dilakukan oleh Milgrom & Roberts (1990) yang membe-rikan kerangka teoritis yang mencoba menunjukan isu mengenai, bahwa kinerja dipengaruhi oleh hubungan antara sistem pemanufakturan. Mereka menyatakan bahwa untuk menghasilkan kinerja yang lebih tinggi dari apa yang akan dicapai oleh sistem produk itu sendiri ditunjang oleh berhasilnya implementasi dari teknik pemanufakturan baru yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 243,
"width": 226,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "membutuhkan komplemen-komplemen sistem akuntansi manajemen yang dapat diinteraksikan de-ngan sistem produksi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 359,
"top": 308,
"width": 122,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dukungan empiris",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 308,
"width": 222,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tentang kebera-daan komplemen-komplemen tersebut antara lain dari Daniel & Reitsperger (1991) memberikan bukti empiris yang menunjukan bahwa perusahaan elektronik dan mobil di Jepang yang menggunakan strategi peningkatan terus menerus dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya, frekuensi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 432,
"width": 222,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memberikan umpan balik kinerja ditingkatkan. Sarkar (1997) menemukan bahwa bila pembagian informasi dinya-takan dalam bagian pekerjaan maka pro-ses peningkatan kualitas akan meningkat. Dari sudut pandang pembelajaran, kar-yawan dapat mengembangkan efektifitas pekerjaan strategis dengan lebih cepat dan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya jika dibantu oleh tingginya frekuensi pela-poran pengukuran kinerja (Locke & Latham, 1990).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 606,
"width": 223,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chenhall (1997) memberikan bukti yang menyatakan bahwa manajer meng- evaluasi dan menguji kembali bagaimana komplemen-komplemen dalam program TQM meningkatkan profitabilitas yang memadai. Hal ini didorong oleh penguku-ran kinerja yang memberikan umpan ba-lik dalam bentuk pengendalian strategis. Chenhall menambahkan bahwa frekuensi umpan balik kinerja dan tingkat pembe- lajaran karyawan akan meningkat jika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "106 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 222,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "karyawan menerima pengukuran kinerja non keuangan, sehingga akan lebih baik bila kualitas dihubungkan secara lang-sung dengan pengukuran kinerja, oleh karena itu karyawan diwajibkan untuk memastikan bahwa kualitas dalam proses pemanufakturan tetap pada pengawasan dan dapat secara terus-menerus diting-katkan hasilnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 212,
"width": 219,
"height": 183,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Beberapa praktisi akuntansi sudah mulai mengakui bahwa jika mereka me- nginginkan untuk mempertahankan posi- sinya sebagai sumber utama terhadap pe- laporan kinerja dalam organisasi, maka mereka seharusnya harus menyadari perubahan yang terjadi dalam pemanu- fakturan atau organisasi manufaktur (Simon, 1990). Tingginya perhatian ter-hadap perlunya perbaikan bagi para con-troller dalam pelaporan operasi perusa-haan berdasarkan pengukuran kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 399,
"width": 219,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menunjukkan bahwa sistem akuntansi manajemen bukan lagi merupakan tugas yang baru bagi akuntan (Johnson & Kaplan 1997).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 478,
"width": 115,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metodologi penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 493,
"width": 83,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jenis Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 509,
"width": 222,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jenis penelitian yang akan digu-nakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kuantitatif dimana pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan data kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis data statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 603,
"width": 86,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Objek Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 618,
"width": 222,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Objek yang dipilih dalam pene-litian ini adalah Fajar Grup yang terdiri dari beberapa perusahaan dengan alasan bahwa implementasi TQM dalam mengu-kur kinerja manajerial perusahaan yang tergabung dalam Fajar Grup merupakan langkah strategik yang berdampak besar terhadap kemampuan manajemen perusa-haan dibawah Fajar Grup dalam mening-katkan kinerjanya, diharapkan mereka akan mampu bersaing serta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berkembang dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 104,
"width": 222,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Populasi, Sampel, dan Teknik Pengambilan Sampel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 135,
"width": 223,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini seperti penelitian lainnya yang melakukan pengujian terhadap pe-nerapan TQM dalam peningkatan kinerja manajerial, adalah manajer secara indi-vidual sebagai unit analisis yang tersebar di seluruh perusahaan yang tergabung dalam Fajar Grup yang berjumlah 24 perusahaan. Respondennya adalah mana-jer tingkat menengah dari semua perusa-haan yang tergabung dalam Fajar Grup dengan pertimbangan: (1) Manajer ting-kat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 322,
"width": 223,
"height": 338,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menengah umumnya biasanya terlibat langsung dengan kebijakan yang dilaksa- nakan oleh manajemen puncak; (2) Ma-najer tingkat menengah adalah pelaksana keputusan manajemen puncak yang mam-pu berinteraksi manajemen puncak dan karyawan. Penentuan jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini mempertimbangkan aspek jumlah manajer tingkat menengah untuk masing-masing perusahaan. Setiap peru- sahaan yang tergabung dalam Fajar Grup memiliki struktur organisasi yang berbeda yang tentu saja ikut mempengaruhi jum-lah manajer tingkat menengah yang ber-beda pula. Keterwakilan populasi dalam sampel penelitian ini ditetapkan sebanyak 58 responden karena jumlah anggota po-pulasi relatif kecil, maka seluruh anggota populasi akan dijadikan sebagai sampel. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini adalah penelitian populasi atau sensus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 665,
"width": 222,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik pengambilan sampel da-lam penelitian ini menggunakan purpo-sive sampling yakni teknik pengambilan sampel dengan kriteria tertentu. Kriteria yang digunakan yakni, manajer tingkat menengah yang umumnya terlibat lang-sung dengan kebijakan yang dilaksanakan oleh manajemen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "107 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 222,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "puncak serta biasanya manajer tingkat menengah adalah pelak-sana keputusan manajemen puncak yang mampu berinteraksi manajemen puncak dan karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 150,
"width": 140,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode Pengumpulan Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 166,
"width": 222,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian, yakni: (1) Kuesioner, yaitu melalui pengajuan kue- sioner yang terkait dengan TQM, pengu- kuran kinerja, dan kinerja manajerial; (2) Wawancara, yaitu dengan mengadakan tanya jawab langsung dengan pihak peru- sahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 291,
"width": 150,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel dan Pengukurannya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 306,
"width": 225,
"height": 339,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Total Quality Management (TQM) adalah konsep dengan seperang-kat prinsip- prinsip panduan yang menjadi dasar bagi organisasi yang ingin terus me-nerus melakukan penyempurnaan dan perbaikan yang diukur dengan menggu-nakan elemen- elemen utama manajemen kualitas menurut Deborah & Pricilia (Supratiningrum & Zulaikha, 2003), dengan indikator: (1) Kepemimpinan (2) Fokus Pelanggan (3) Pemberdayaan Kar-yawan (4) Perbaikan yang Berkelanjutan (5) Fakta Dasar dalam Pengambilan Ke-putusan (6) Pelatihan dan Pengembangan (7) Penghargaan dan Pengakuan (8) Flek-sibilitas (9) Peralatan dan Teknik Penggu-naannya (10) Perencanaan Strategi (11) Tim Kerja, dan (12) Keterlibatan Pema-sok. Setiap responden diminta menilai penerapan TQM dari sangat tidak setuju (poin 1) berarti TQM rendah sampai dengan sangat setuju (Poin 5) berarti TQM tinggi yang terdiri dari 12 item pertanyaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 649,
"width": 222,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem pengukuran kinerja adalah pemberian informasi kepada manajer dalam unit perusahaan atau organisasi yang dipimpin tentang kualitas dalam aktivitas operasi perusahaan yang diukur dengan menggunakan instrumen yang dikembangkan oleh Khim & Larry (1998) dan Daniel & Reitsperger (1992), dengan indikator: (1)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 223,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Umpan Balik Pe-langgan (2) Menerima Keluhan Pelang-gan (3) Integrasi Perencanaan Desain (4) Evaluasi Kualitas Kinerja Perusahaan (5) Perbaikan Sistem, dan (6) Menurunkan Komplain Pelanggan. Frekuensi pengu-kuran kinerja manajer yang diukur dalam skala rendah (1) untuk menunjukkan pe-ngukuran kinerja yang rendah dan skala tinggi (5) untuk menunjukkan penguku-ran",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 228,
"width": 223,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sistem pengukuran kinerja yang tinggi yang terdiri dari 6 item pertanyaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 275,
"width": 222,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kinerja manajerial adalah kinerja individu dalam kegiatan-kegiatan manajerial yang diukur dengan menggu-nakan instrumen self rating yang dikem-bangkan oleh Mahoney & Carrol (1963). Dalam penelitian ini, setiap responden diminta mengukur sendiri kinerjanya di-bandingkan dengan rata-rata kinerja rekan responden. Kinerja manajerial yang diu-kur meliputi delapan dimensi yaitu (1) perencanaan, (2) investigasi, (3) pengko-ordinasian, (4) evaluasi, (5) pengawasan, (6) pemilihan staf, (7) negosiasi, dan (8) perwakilan. Penilaian responden adalah dari poin (1) untuk kinerja rendah dan poin (5) untuk kinerja tinggi yang terdiri dari 7 item pertanyaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 525,
"width": 110,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode Analisis Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 540,
"width": 223,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Statistik Deskriptif, Uji Validitas dan Reabilitas, Uji Asumsi Klasik, dan Uji Hipotesis menggunakan uji interaksi atau sering juga disebut dengan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) dengan menggunakan regresi berganda dengan menggunakan model interaksi antar variabel dengan bantuan software SPSS for windows. Adapun persamaan yang akan diestimasi adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 709,
"width": 201,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Y = α + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X1X2 + e Y = Kinerja Manajerial X1 = Total Quality Management X2 = Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "108 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 222,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "X1X2 = Interaksi TQM dengan Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja yang diu-kur berdasarkan nilai perkalian antara X1 dan X2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 150,
"width": 177,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b1 – b3= koefisien regresi Hipotesis Pengaruh TQM terhadap Kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 197,
"width": 219,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manajerial Tercapainya kepuasan pelanggan merupakan tujuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan output yang berkualitas. Salah satu indikatornya adalah berku-rangnya keluhan dari pelanggan, dan hal ini mengarah kepada peningkatan kinerja perusahaan.Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Madu & Kuei (1996) menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kinerja organisasional dan kualitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 369,
"width": 219,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tersziovski &Samson (1999) meneliti tentang elemen-elemen TQM yang dijadikan sebagai sistem penghar-gaan kualitas, dengan melakukan peng-ujian hubungan antara faktor elemen TQM yang dipilih terhadap faktor ki-nerja, dan hasil penelitian mereka adalah elemen TQM mempengaruhi kinerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 493,
"width": 223,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Khim & Larry (1998) menjelas-kan bahwa Total Quality Management merupakan suatu filosofi yang menekan-kan pada peningkatan proses pemanufak-turan secara berkelanjutan dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 230,
"top": 556,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "meng-eliminasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 571,
"width": 222,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pemborosan, meningkatkan ku-alitas, mengembangkan ketrampilan dan mengurangi biaya produksi. Semua ke-giatan tersebut oleh manajer harus dila-kukan dengan efektif dan efisien dengan menerapkan konsep TQM. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Stoner (2006) yang me- ngungkapkan bahwa kinerja manajerial adalah seberapa efektif dan efisien ma-najer telah bekerja untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 743,
"width": 219,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan berdasarkan penelitian diatas maka maksud dari penelitian ini adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 219,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menguji kembali bagaiman pe-ngaruh penerapan TQM terhadap kinerja manajerial. Dengan demikian dapat diba-ngun hipotesis yang menghubungkan Total Quality Management (TQM) de-ngan kinerja manajerial sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 182,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hipotesis 1:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 197,
"width": 194,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TQM berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja manajerial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 244,
"width": 222,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja terhadap Kinerja Manajerial",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 275,
"width": 223,
"height": 323,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengukuran terhadap kinerja adalah suatu hal yang penting dilakukan agar diketahui apakah selama pelaksana-an kinerja terdapat kesenjangan dari ren-cana yang telah ditentukan atau apakah kinerja dapat dilakukan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Sistem pengukuran ki-nerja yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan akan memotivasi manajer untuk bekerja lebih baik karena prestasi kerjanya sangat diperlukan perusahaan. Pengukuran ki-nerja merupakan suatu proses yang harus dilakukan dalam upaya pengendalian tenaga kerja, penilaian tersebut dimak-sudkan untuk memperoleh informasi yang akurat dan valid tentang perilaku dan kinerja anggota organisasi. Menurut Kim & Larry (1998) sistem pengukuran ki-nerja merupakan frekuensi pengukuran kinerja pada manajer dalam unit organi-sasi yang dipimpin mengenai kualitas da-lam aktivitas operasional perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 602,
"width": 222,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kren menyatakan bahwa informa-si kinerja yang komprehensif dari sistem pengukuran kinerja akan memberikan in- formasi yang lebih spesifik dan relevan untuk proses pengambilan keputusan, se- hingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja mana- jerial. Kren menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara informasi yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan dan kiner-ja manajerial (Syaiful, 2006).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 758,
"width": 186,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian Syaiful (2006)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "109 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 222,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "membe-rikan hasil bahwa Sistem Pengukuran Ki-nerja memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap kinerja manajerial. Hal ini me- ngindikasikan bahwa informasi kinerja memberikan para manajer prediksi yang lebih akurat tentang keadaan lingkungan, sehingga menghasilkan sebuah pengam-bilan keputusan alternatif yang lebih baik dengan rangkaian tindakan yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Narsa & Rani (2003), menyatakan bahwa ada pengaruh positif dari interaksi sistem pengukuran kinerja dengan TQM terhadap kinerja manajerial suatu organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 290,
"width": 222,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian lain yang dilakukan oleh Milgrom & Roberts (Mardiah dan Mardiyah, 2005) menyatakan bahwa suatu organisasi membutuhkan sistem pengukuran kinerja sebagai komplemen dari Sistem Akuntansi Manajemen untuk menghasilkan kinerja yang tinggi, sedangkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Mardiah & Listianingsih (2005) sendiri memberi hasil bahwa sistem pengukuran kinerja berperan dalam hubungan antara total quality management dan kinerja manajerial. Selanjutnya, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Hertalia (2009) menggam-barkan bahwa sistem pengukuran kinerja memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan positif terhadap kinerja manajerial suatu orga-nisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 540,
"width": 222,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari uraian-uraian di atas dapat diketahui bahwa pelaksanaan sistem pe- ngukuran kinerja akan berpengaruh terha-dap kinerja manajerial. Sistem penguku-ran kinerja merupakan salah satu sarana untuk mengetahui kinerja manajerial se-hingga para manajer diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 665,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hipotesis 2:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 680,
"width": 193,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem pengukuran kinerja",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 696,
"width": 193,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berpe-ngaruh positif terhadap kinerja ma-najerial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 206,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja Berperan sebagai Variabel Moderasi antara Total",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 119,
"width": 191,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Quality Management dengan Kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 135,
"width": 60,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manajerial",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 150,
"width": 223,
"height": 214,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem produksi dalam perusahaan bisa berinteraksi dengan sistem akuntansi manajemen dalam menghasilkan kinerja yang lebih tinggi. Penerapan TQM dan frekuensi pelaporan ukuran kinerja pada para karyawan akan menghasilkan kinerja karyawan yang tinggi. Sistem pengukuran kinerja memiliki hubungan dengan prak-tik penerapan TQM, dengan sistem pe-ngukuran kinerja yang terdiri dari serang-kaian ukuran akan dapat menilai kinerja manajerial. Pengukuran kinerja dapat memberikan informasi untuk mengambil keputusan tentang promosi dan gaji.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 368,
"width": 222,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perusahaan dengan menerapkan strategi manufakturing atau TQM meng- harapkan kinerja kualitasnya menjadi lebih tinggi. Salah satu strategi tersebut adalah dengan meningkatkan frekuensi memberikan informasi ukuran kinerja bagi karyawan, sehingga karyawan bisa menggunakannya untuk memonitoring dan meningkatkan kinerja mereka. Pem-berian insentif dalam bentuk gaji/upah atau bentuk lainnya yang sejenis akan mendorong motivasi karyawan lebih tinggi dan juga tentu saja mendorong kinerja karyawan yang lebih tinggi lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 571,
"width": 223,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Banker, et al. (1993) memberikan bukti yang empiris bahwa, frekuensi pela-poran ukuran kinerja manufaktur pada karyawan, terkait dengan praktik TQM, implementasi JIT, dan team work . Prog-ram peningkatan kualitas seperti TQM secara individual dapat efektif jika peru-sahaan telah mengimplementasikan cara perbaikan kualitas secara berkesinambu-ngan,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 711,
"width": 223,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dibandingkan dengan organisasi pe-saing lainnya yang mengadakan improve-ment dengan tidak menggunakan teknik TQM.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "110 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 222,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Efektifitas tersebut dapat diketahui jika dilakukan pengukuran atas kinerja yang dihasilkan. Yuwono, dkk.(2007) menyatakan bahwa pengukuran kinerja merupakan tindakan pengukuran yang dilakukan terhadap berbagai aktivitas da-lam rantai nilai yang ada pada perusa-haan. Berdasarkan pertimbangan tersebut maka dapat dibangun hipotesis sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 228,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hipotesis 3:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 244,
"width": 194,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem pengukuran kinerja berperan sebagai variabel moderasi antara TQM dengan kinerja manajerial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 306,
"width": 120,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan Deskripsi Variabel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 337,
"width": 222,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan sta- tistik deskriptif pada tabel 1, untuk pe- ngukuran seluruh variabel dalam peneliti-an ini, menunjukkan bahwa manajer yang menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini memiliki persepsi tentang TQM, Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja, dan Kinerja relatif tinggi yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai rata-rata yang mendekati nilai maksimum kisaran sesungguhnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 494,
"width": 106,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji Coba Instrumen",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 509,
"width": 222,
"height": 244,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Asumsi yang digunakan dalam uji validitas adalah jika r hitung (dilihat pada kolom corrected item-total correlation ) lebih besar dari rkritis (rhitung > rkritis) maka item dinyatakan valid. Nilai rkritis yang digunakan untuk pengujian validitas adalah 0,300 (Sugiyono, 2000). Untuk uji reliabilitas, menunjukan bahwa angka–angka dari nilai alpha cronbach’s pada seluruh variabel dalam penelitian ini, semuanya menunjukan besaran di atas nilai 0,60. Hal ini berarti bahwa seluruh pertanyaan/pernyataan untuk variabel TQM, Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja, dan Kinerja adalah valid dan reliable . Hasil perhitungan reliabilitas data selengkapnya dapat dilihat pada tabel 2 hingga tabel 7.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 759,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TQM berpengaruh positif terhadap Kinerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 58,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manajerial",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 103,
"width": 223,
"height": 339,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t, TQM ber- pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap ki-nerja manajerial dengan nilai t hitung sebe-sar 6,260. Nilai koefisien korelasi parsial (r) sebesar 0,771 dan nilai koefisien de-terminasi parsial (r 2 ) sebesar 59,4% (Ta-bel 8). Hal ini mencerminkan bahwa upa-ya perusahaan dalam peningkatan kualitas melalui TQM pada perusahaan yang ter-gabung dalam Fajar Grup berpengaruh terhadap kinerja manajerial. Kondisi ini menggambarkan bahwa partisipasi selu-ruh individu dalam perusahaan, terutama para manajer dalam proses pembentukan kualitas untuk seluruh aspek dalam peru-sahaan tidak hanya sebagai bentuk for-malitas kegiatan rutin saja pada setiap ta-hun, karena yang berperan penting dalam proses tersebut adalah para manajer sela-ku pejabat yang berwenang. Dalam artian bahwa manajerlah lebih mendominasi untuk melakukan pengendalian di dalam proses peningkatan kualitas perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 446,
"width": 224,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Pasaribu (2009); Bekka (2007); Jumirin (2006); Suprantiningrum & Zulaikha (2003), serta Narsa & Yuniawati (2003), yang umumnya mela-kukan test hubungan antara faktor elemen TQM yang dipilih terhadap faktor kinerja dan mereka menyimpulkan faktor elemen TQM mempengaruhi kinerja. Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja berpengaruh positif terhadap Kinerja Manajerial",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 602,
"width": 223,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t pada bab sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa variabel sistem pengukuran kinerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja mana-jerial dengan nilai t hitung sebesar 2,431. Nilai koefisien korelasi parsial (r) sebesar 0,803 dan nilai koefisien determinasi par-sial (r 2 ) sebesar 64,5%. (Tabel 8). Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa sistem pengukuran kinerja memiliki pe-ngaruh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "111 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 222,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "signifikan positif terhadap kinerja manajerial. Hal ini dapat diindikasikan bahwa sistem pengukuran kinerja yang diterapkan di perusahaan industri mem-bantu meningkatkan kinerja manajerial perusahaan dan dasar untuk mencapai tujuan dari perusahaan tersebut, dengan kata lain semakin baik sistem pengukuran kinerja oleh masing-masing perusahaan yang berada pada Fajar Grup maka ki-nerja manajerial juga akan semakin me-ningkat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 259,
"width": 222,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Narsa & Yuniawati (2003); Mardiah & Listianingsih (2005), serta Rahman (2006), yang menyatakan bahwa sistem pengukuran kinerja berpe-ngaruh signifikan positif terhadap kinerja manajerial. Interaksi TQM dengan Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja berpengaruh positif terhadap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 384,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kinerja Manajerial",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 400,
"width": 222,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil uji t juga menunjukkan bah-wa interaksi TQM dengan sistem pengu-kuran kinerja berpengaruh positif signi-fikan terhadap kinerja manajerial dengan nilai t hitung sebesar 4,916. Nilai koefisien korelasi parsial (r) sebesar 0,717 dan ni-lai koefisien determinasi parsial (r 2 ) sebe-sar 51,4%,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 509,
"width": 222,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Tabel 8). Hal ini menunjuk-kan bahwa sistem pengukuran kinerja da-pat dijadikan sebagai variabel moderasi dalam mendorong hubungan antara TQM dengan kinerja manajerial pada perusa-haan yang berada pada Fajar Grup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 602,
"width": 186,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian sejalan dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 618,
"width": 223,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "penelitian Banker et al (1993), membe-rikan bukti yang empiris bahwa, frekuensi pelaporan ukuran kinerja manufaktur pada karyawan, terkait dengan praktik TQM, implementasi JIT, dan team work . Hasil penelitian juga sejalan dengan pe-nelitian Yuwono dkk (2007), yang me-nyatakan bahwa pengukuran kinerja me-rupakan tindakan pengukuran yang dila-kukan terhadap berbagai aktivitas dalam rantai nilai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 222,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "yang ada pada perusahaan. Hasil penelitian lain yang sejalan dengan penelitian ini antara lain Narsa & Yuniawati (2003);",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 134,
"width": 222,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kurnianingsih (2000); Supratiningrum & Zulaikha (2003); Yuniawati (2003); Jumirin (2006); Mintje (2013), dan Kumentas (2013), yang me-nemukan pengaruh signifikan dari inte-raksi TQM dan sistem pengukuran kiner-ja terhadap kinerja manajerial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 228,
"width": 108,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Simpulan dan Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 244,
"width": 223,
"height": 276,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis di atas maka dikemukakan kesimpulan sebagai berikut. 1. Total Quality Management adalah konsep dengan seperangkat prinsip-prinsip panduan yang menjadi dasar bagi organisasi yang ingin terus me-nerus melakukan penyempurnaan dan perbaikan berpengaruh positif terha-dap kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup. Semakin tinggi frekuensi pene-rapan TQM akan mempengaruhi ki-nerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup. Hasil penelitian sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Pasaribu (2009), Bekka (2007), Jumirin (2006), Supranti-ningrum & Zulaikha (2003), Narsa & Yuniawati (2003), Tersziovski & Samson (1999), dan Madu & Kuei (1996).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 524,
"width": 223,
"height": 214,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Sistem pengukuran kinerja adalah pemberian informasi kepada manajer dalam unit perusahaan atau organisasi yang dipimpin tentang kualitas dalam aktivitas operasi perusahaan yang berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup. Semakin tinggi frekuensi penerapan sistem penguran kinerja maka akan mem- pengaruhi kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup. Hasil penelitian sejalan dengan penelitian Rahman (2006), Narsa & Yuniawati (2003) dan Mardiah & Listianingsih (2005).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 743,
"width": 222,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Hasil analisa moderasi menunjukkan bahwa interaksi TQM dengan sistem",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "112 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 88,
"width": 204,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pengukuran kinerja mempengaruhi kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 119,
"width": 204,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Semakin sering menggunakan sistem pengukuran kinerja dalam penerapan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 150,
"width": 204,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TQM akan mempengaruhi kinerja manajerial pada Fajar Grup. Hasil penelitian sejalan dengan penelitian Narsa & Yuniawati (2003), Retno (2000), Zulaikha (2003), Yuniawati (2003), Jumirin (2006), Mintje (2013), Kumentas (2013).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 259,
"width": 223,
"height": 229,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Sistem pengukuran kinerja dalam peneltian ini gagal menjadi variabel moderasi murni atau dapat dikatakan sistem pengukuran kinerja hanya se-bagai variabel moderasi semu karena nilai t dan nilai koefisien dari variabel interaksi TQM dan sistem pengukuran kinerja tersebut tidak lebih kuat bila dibandingkan dengan nilai t dan nilai koefisien dari variabel TQM sebagai variabel yang mempengaruhi lang-sung kinerja manajerial, sehingga meskipun tidak ada sistem penguku-ran kinerja sebagai variabel moderasi, TQM tetap berpengaruh terhadap kinerja manajerial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 494,
"width": 34,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 509,
"width": 222,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan kesimpulan yang telah dikemukakan, maka dikemukakan saran dari hasil penelitian ini sebagai be-rikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 556,
"width": 222,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Untuk mendapatkan hasil penilaian ki- nerja manajer yang objektif, disaran-kan bagi penelitian selanjutnya untuk menggunakan konsumen sebagai res- ponden.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 633,
"width": 222,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Penilaian kinerja manajerial sebaiknya tidak menggunakan self rating karena penilaiannya kurang objektif, sehingga penting bagi penelitian selanjutnya un-tuk menggunakan penilaian karyawan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 711,
"width": 222,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Penelitian selanjutnya sebaiknya menggunakan komponen utama sistem akuntansi manajemen yang lain seba-gai",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "variabel moderating yaitu sasaran kinerja dan sistem reward.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 135,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daftar Rujukan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 150,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Banker R., Potter G. & Schroeder R. (1993).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 166,
"width": 186,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Reporting Manufacturing Performance Measures to Wor-kers: An Empirical Study. Journal of Management Accounting",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 228,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Re-search:33-35.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 244,
"width": 222,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bekka J.M. (2007). Pengaruh Total Qua-lity Management (TQM) terhadap Kinerja Manajerial pada Industri Kayu Olahan di Kota Palu. Jurnal Transaksi Edisi 4 Tahun II.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 321,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daniel, S., & W. Reitsperger. 1992. \"Lin-king",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 337,
"width": 186,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Quality Strategy with Mana-gement Control Systems: Empi-rical Evidence from Japanese Industry\". Accounting, Organiza-tions and",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 399,
"width": 106,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Society 17 : 601-618.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 415,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hansen D.R. & Mowen M.M. (2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 431,
"width": 186,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Management Accounting . Edisi 7. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 462,
"width": 222,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Itter C. & Larcker D.F. (1995). Total Quality Management and the Choice of Information and Re-ward Systems. Journal of Accounting Research (supple-ment): 1-34.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 540,
"width": 223,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jumirin. (2006). Persepsi Manajemen tentang Pengaruh TQM terhadap Kinerja Manajerial dengan Fak-tor Kondisional sebagai Variabel Moderating pada PDAM Tirta-nadi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 618,
"width": 186,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Provinsi Sumatara Utara (Tesis).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 633,
"width": 222,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Medan: Universitas Su-matera Utara. Khim S.L. & Larry K.N. (1998).The Performance Effects of Comple-mentarities between Manufactu-ring Practice and",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 711,
"width": 186,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Management Accounting System. Journal of Management Accounting Re-search 10:325-346.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 758,
"width": 193,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kumentas N.C. (2013) Pengaruh TQM,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 787,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "113 JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | Vol 1, No. 2, 2017, 99-113 | ISSN 2548-9917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 88,
"width": 186,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja dan Penghargaan terhadap Kinerja",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 119,
"width": 186,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manajerial PT Pos Indonesia, Jurnal EMBA Volume 1 No.3 Juni 2013, Hal. 796-805.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 166,
"width": 222,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kurnianingsih R. (2000). Pengaruh Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja dan Sistem Penghargaan terhadap Ke-efektifan Penerapan Teknik Total Quality Management. Studi empi-ris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 259,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Seminar Nasional Akuntansi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 275,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mahoney, T.A., Jerdes, T.H. & Carroll, S.J.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 290,
"width": 186,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1963. Development Manage-rial Performance: A Research Ap-proach, Southwestern Publishing Co.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 337,
"width": 225,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mardiyah A.A. & Listianingsih. (2005).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 353,
"width": 189,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Sistem Pengukuran Ki-nerja, Sistem Reward dan Profit Center terhadap Hubungan Antara Total Quality Management de-ngan Kinerja Manajerial. Jurnal SNA VIII. Solo. 2005.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 446,
"width": 222,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mintje N. (2013). Pengaruh TQM, Sistem Penghargaan dan Sistem Pengu-kuran Kinerja terhadap Kinerja Manajerial pada PT Air Manado, Jurnal EMBA Vol.1 No.3 Septem-ber 2013, Hal. 52-62.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 540,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Narsa M.I. & Yuniawati D.R. (2003).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 555,
"width": 186,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Interaksi Total Quality",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 571,
"width": 186,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Management dengan Sistem Pe- ngukuran Kinerja dan Sistem Penghargaan terhadap Kinerja Manajerial. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol. 5 No.1. Mei 2003 .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 649,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pasaribu H. (2009). Pengaruh Komitmen,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 665,
"width": 222,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persepsi dan Penerapan Pilar Da-sar Total Quality Management ter-hadap Kinerja Manajerial (Survei pada BUMN Manufaktur di Indo-nesia). Jurnal Akuntansi & Keu-anganVol. 11, No. 2. November 2009: 65-75. Powell T.C. (1995). Total Quality",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 88,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mana-gement and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 88,
"width": 186,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Competitive Advan-tage: A Review and Empirical Study. Strategic Management Journal 16: 15-37.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 150,
"width": 222,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rahman S. (2006). Pengaruh Sistem Pe- ngukuran Kinerja terhadap Keje-lasan Peran, Pemberdayaan Psiko-logis, dan Kinerja Manajerial. SNA X. Hal 1-35.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 228,
"width": 222,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Stephen, George. 1994. Total Quality Management, John Wiley & Sons Inc,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 259,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "New York",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 275,
"width": 225,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sugiyono. (2000). Statistika untuk Pene-litian,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 290,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bandung: Alfabeta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 306,
"width": 222,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Supratiningrum & Zulaikha. (2003). Pe- ngaruh Total Quality Management terhadap Kinerja Manajerial dan Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja dan Sistem Penghargaan (reward) se- bagai Variabel Moderating. Sim- posium Nasional Akuntansi VI. Surabaya, 16-17 Oktober 2003 . Wolner G.E. (1992). The Law of Produ-cing Quality. Quality Progress, pp. 35-40. Wruck K.H. & Jensen M.C. (1994). Science,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 478,
"width": 186,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Specific Knowledge and Total Quality Management. Jour-nal of Accounting and Economics: 247-287.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 524,
"width": 222,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yuniawati. (2003). Pengaruh Interaksi antara TQM dengan Sistem Peng-ukuran Kinerja dan Sistem Peng-hargaan terhadap Kinerja Mana-jerial. Jurnal Akuntansi & Keu-angan Vol.5 Mei, 18 – 34. Sura-baya: Universitas Airlangga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 633,
"width": 223,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yuwono S., Sukarno E. & Ichsan M. (2007). Petunjuk Praktis Penyusu-nan Balanced Scorecard: Menuju Organisasi yang Berfokus pada Strategi. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
5c76c56d-e167-5bbf-bee4-022afe83246a | https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/JKJ/article/download/4442/4072 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 56,
"width": 331,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, Volume 6 No 2, Hal 76- 82, November 2018 FIKKes Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang bekerjasama dengan PPNI Jawa Tengah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 793,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "76",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 96,
"width": 373,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "GAMBARAN DISTRESS PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 240,
"top": 119,
"width": 144,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Deasti Nurmaguphita 1 Sugiyanto 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 242,
"top": 130,
"width": 139,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 283,
"top": 167,
"width": 58,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 181,
"width": 454,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakt kronis yang berpotensi mengalami komplikasi lebih berat seumur hidup pasien. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan banyak penderita DM mengalami distress. Distress yang dialami oleh pasien ini disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor penyebab dan berbagai respon pasien terhadap penyakitnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran distress pada penderita DM. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif selama bulan Januari-Agustus 2018. Sampel sejumlah 44 penderita DM tipe II diambil secara accidental sampling di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta dan RS PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan rekam medik dan kuesioner. Analisis hasil menggunakan program statistik komputer, dengan melihat distribusi frekuensi masing-masing domain. Hasil penelitian sebagian responden mengalami diabetes distress tingkat rendah (50%), 45,5 % responden mengalami diabetes distress tingkat sedang dan hanya sedikit (4,5%) responden yang mengalami diabetes distress tingkat tinggi. Domain diabetes distress yang paling tinggi adalah distress beban emosional (2,28), selanjutnya distress pengobatan (2,14), distress dengan dokter/tenaga kesehatan (2,09) dan nilai terendah terdapat pada distress interpersonal (1,90). Saran perlu diberikan edukasi atau pelatihan yang dapat menguatkan respon emosional penderita DM tipe II misalnya konseling, terapi psikologis, keterampilan komunikasi dan peningkatan koping.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 396,
"width": 294,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus, distress, gambaran distress diabetes",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 420,
"width": 344,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DISTRESS DESCRIPTION IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 448,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 461,
"width": 454,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that has the potential to experience more severe complications throughout the patient's lifetime. This is what causes many DM sufferers to experience distress. Distress experienced by these patients is caused by various causes and various patient responses to the disease. This study aims to determine how the picture of distress in DM patients. The study was conducted with quantitative descriptive method during January-August 2018. A sample of 44 patients with type II DM were taken by accidental sampling at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta and PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul. The research instrument used medical records and questionnaires. The results analysis uses a computer statistics program, by looking at the frequency distribution of each domain. The results of the study of some respondents experienced low level of diabetes distress (50%), 45.5% of respondents experienced moderate level of diabetes distress and only a few (4.5%) of respondents experienced high levels of diabetes distress. The highest diabetes distress domain was emotional burden distress (2.28), then treatment distress (2.14), distress with doctors / health personnel (2.09) and the lowest score was interpersonal distress (1.90). Suggestions need to be given education or training that can strengthen the emotional response of patients with type II diabetes such as counseling, psychological therapy, communication skills and coping.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 676,
"width": 244,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, distress, diabetic distress",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 702,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 715,
"width": 213,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) sudah menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat, baik secara global, regional, nasional dan lokal. Salah satu PTM yang menyita banyak perhatian adalah Diabetes Melitus (DM). Di Indonesia DM",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 701,
"width": 213,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "merupakan ancaman serius bagi pembangunan kesehatankarena dapat menimbulkan kebutaan, gagal ginjal, kaki diabetes (gangrene) sehingga harus diamputasi, penyakit jantung dan stroke.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 54,
"width": 247,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Volume 6 No 2, Hal 76 - 82, November 2018",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 54,
"width": 93,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2338-2090 (Cetak)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 66,
"width": 331,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FIKKes Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang bekerjasama dengan PPNI Jawa Tengah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 28,
"width": 331,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, Volume 6 No 2 Hal 76- 82, November 2018 FIKKes Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang bekerjasama dengan PPNI Jawa Tengah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 793,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "77",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 65,
"width": 213,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Global status report on NCD World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2010 melaporkan bahwa 60% penyebab kematian semua umur di dunia adalah karena PTM. DM menduduki peringkat ke-6 sebagai penyebab kematian. Sekitar 1,3 juta orang meninggal akibat diabetes dan 4 persenmeninggal sebelum usia 70 tahun. Pada TAhun 2030 diperkirakan DM menempati urutan ke-7 penyebab kematian dunia. Sedangkan untuk di Indonesia diperkirakan pada tahun 2030 akan memiliki penyandang DM (diabetis mellitus) sebanyak 21,3 juta jiwa. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) menyatakan bahwa lebih dari 371 juta orang di dunia yang berumur 20-79 tahun memiliki diabetes. Sedangkan Indonesia merupakan negara urutan ke-7 dengan prevalensi diabetes tertinggi, di bawah China, India, USA, Brazil, Rusia dan Mexico (Kemenkes RI, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 318,
"width": 213,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewasa ini ada sekitar 422 juta orang penyandang diabetes yang berusia 18 tahun di seluruh dunia atau 8,5% dari penduduk dunia. Namun 1 dari 2 orang dengan Diabetes tidak tahu bahwa dia penyandang Diabetes. Oleh karena itu, sering ditemukan penderita Diabetes pada tahap lanjut dengan komplikasi seperti; serangan jantung, stroke, infeksi kaki yang berat dan berisiko amputasi, serta gagal ginjal stadium akhir. 90% penderita diabetes di seluruh dunia merupakan diabetes tipe 2 yang disebabkan oleh gaya hidup yang kurang sehat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 482,
"width": 213,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diabetes merupakan penyakit yang disebakan oleh tingginya kadar gula darah akibat gangguan pada pankreas dan insulin. Di Indonesia, data Riskesdas menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan prevalensi Diabetes di Indonesia dari 5,7% tahun 2007 menjadi 6,9% atau sekitar sekitar 9,1 juta pada tahun 2013. Data International Diabetes Federation tahun 2015 menyatakan jumlah estimasi penyandang Diabetes di Indonesia diperkirakan sebesar 10 juta. Seperti kondisi di dunia, Diabetes kini menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian terbesar di Indonesia. Data Sample Registration",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 647,
"width": 213,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Survey tahun 2014 menunjukkan bahwa Diabetes merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar nomor 3 di Indonesia dengan persentase sebesar 6,7%, setelah Stroke (21,1%) dan penyakit Jantung Koroner (12,9%). Bila tak ditanggulangi, Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas, disabilitias, dan kematian dini (Kemenkes, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 65,
"width": 213,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan data World Economic Forum April 2015, potensi kerugian akibat Penyakit Tidak Menular di Indonesia pada periode 2012-2030 mencapai 4,47 triliun dolar, atau 5,1 kali PDB 2012. Besarnya pembiayaan kesehatan akibat Diabetes tampak dari klaim BPJS sampai tahun 2015. Ternyata Diabetes dan komplikasinya adalah salah satu kelompok klaim terbesar untuk biaya catastrophic JKN, yaitu 33 % dari total pengeluaran. Itulah sebabnya, Agenda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 191,
"width": 25,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2030",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 191,
"width": 213,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dari Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) menetapkan indikator runtuk mengurangi angka kematian prematur dari Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) salah satunya Diabetes sebanyak sepertiga pada tahun 2030.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 267,
"width": 213,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Motivasi diri pasien bergantung pada situasi kejiwaan yang sehat dan penyikapan terhadap permasalahan penyakit kronisnya. Pasien dengan Diabetes Mellitus cenderung akan mengalami distress berkaitan dengan masalah kesehatannya, serta penerimaan diri terhadap penyakit dan berbagai tindakan medis yang harus dilakukan sebagai prosedural perawatan yang harus dijalani oleh pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran distress pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 421,
"width": 53,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 434,
"width": 213,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel menggunakan accidental sampling dengan kriteria berada pada rentang usia ≥20 tahun dan dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik dan tidak mengalami gangguan dalam berbicara. Diabetes Distress diukur menggunakan kuisioner. diabetic distress scale (DDS) 17 meliputi 4 domain, yaitu beban emosional, distres dengan dokter/tenaga kesehatan, distres pengobatan dan distres interpersonal. Analisis data dilakukan dengan deskriptif pada distribusi frekuensi masing- masing domain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 611,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 625,
"width": 213,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 44 orang pasien DM tipe II yang di rawat di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta dan RS PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 675,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Karakteristik Responden",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 688,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakteristik responden",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 688,
"width": 213,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dikategorikan berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia, status menikah,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 716,
"width": 59,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pendidikan,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 716,
"width": 213,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pekerjaan, penghasilan, lama menderita dan asuransi. Deskripsi karakteristik responden dapat dilihat pada tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 28,
"width": 331,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, Volume 6 No 2, Hal 76- 82, November 2018 FIKKes Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang bekerjasama dengan PPNI Jawa Tengah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 793,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "78",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 59,
"width": 426,
"height": 459,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Deskripsi Karakteristik Responden (n= 44) Karakteristik f % Jenis Kelamin Laki-laki Perempuan 17 27 38,6 61,4 Usia 26-35 tahun 36-45 tahun 46-55 tahun 56-65 tahun > 66 tahun 1 5 15 11 12 2,27 11,36 34,09 25,00 27,27 Status Menikah Kawin Tidak Kawin Cerai Mati 37 2 5 84,1 4,5 11,4 Pendidikan Tidak Sekolah Pendidikan Dasar Pendidikan Lanjut 1 14 29 2,3 31,8 65,9 Pekerjaan Bekerja Tidak Bekerja: Ibu Rumah Tangga/Pensiun 21 23 47,7 52,3 Penghasilan <1 juta 1-3 juta >3juta 17 21 6 38,6 47,7 13,6 Lama Menderita ≤ 5 tahun >5 tahun 14 30 31,8 68,2 Riwayat DM dalam keluarga Ada Tidak ada 25 19 56,8 43,2 Kepemilikan Asuransi Memiliki Tidak Memiliki 41 3 93,2 6,8",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 521,
"width": 213,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 menunjukkan responden sebagian besar perempuan (61,4%), rentang usia terbesar 46-55 tahun (34,09 %) dan status menikah 84,1 %. Pendidikan sebagian besar tingkat lanjut (SMA dan perguruan tinggi) (65,9 %). Responden yang bekerja lebih sedikit dibandingkan yang tidak bekerja (ibu rumah tangga dan pensiunan) dan rentang penghasilan sebagian besar 1-3 juta perbulan (47,7 %). Sebagian besar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 521,
"width": 212,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "responden telah menderita DM lebih dari 5 tahun (68,2 %) dan riwayat DM dalam keluarga terdapat pada hampir separuh responden (56,8). Hampir seluruh responden memiliki asuransi kesehatan (93,2 %).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 618,
"width": 212,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Diabetes Distress pada Penderita DM Tipe II",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 631,
"width": 212,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kategori diabetes distress penderita DM tipe II disajikan pada tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 672,
"width": 308,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Kategori Diabetes Distress pada Penderita DM Tipe II Kategori f % Rendah Sedang Tinggi Total 22 20 2 44 50,0 45,5 4,5 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 331,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, Volume 6 No 2 Hal 76- 82, November 2018 FIKKes Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang bekerjasama dengan PPNI Jawa Tengah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 786,
"width": 5,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 72,
"width": 213,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2 menunjukkan jumlah responden yang memiliki diabetes distress penderita DM tipe II dalam kategori rendah dan sedang hampir sama yaitu 22 orang (50,0%) dan 20 orang (45,5%).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 72,
"width": 213,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kategori diabetes distress penderita DM tipe II perdomain DDS disajikan pada tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 97,
"width": 448,
"height": 410,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Distribusi Frekwensi diabetes distress penderita DM tipe 2 disajikan pada tabel 4. Tabel 3. Kategori Diabetes Distress pada Penderita DM Tipe II Per Domain (n= 44) Diabetes Distress Kategori f % Distres Beban Emosional Rendah Sedang Tinggi 12 21 11 27,3 47,7 25,0 Distres dengan dokter/ Tenaga Kesehatan Rendah Sedang Tinggi 20 19 5 45,5 43,2 11,4 Distres Pengobatan Rendah Sedang Tinggi 19 19 6 43,2 43,2 13,6 Distres Interpersonal Rendah Sedang Tinggi 21 20 3 47,7 45,5 6,8 Tabel 4. Distribusi Frekwensi Diabetic Distress Pasien DM Tipe II Variabel Rerata Minimum Maksimum Diabetic Distress Penderita DM Tipe II 2,08 1 4,9 Tabel 5. Distribusi Frekwensi Domain Diabetes Distress Penderita DM Tipe II Domain DDS Rerata Minimum Maksimum Distres Beban Emosional 2,28 1 5 Distres dengan dokter/ Tenaga Kesehatan 2,09 1 4,75 Distres Pengobatan 2,14 1 5 Distres Interpersonal 1,90 1 4,67",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 510,
"width": 213,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5 menunjukkan nilai rerata tertinggi diabetes distress penderita DM tipe II terdapat pada distres beban emosioanl yaitu 2,28 dan nilai maksimum tertinggi diabetes distress penderita DM tipe II terdapat pada distres beban emosioanal dan distress interpersonal yaitu 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 613,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 627,
"width": 213,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diabetes Distress menggambarkan beban emosional yang disebabkan oleh tekanan dalam perawatan mandiri diabetes serta komplikasi yang menyertainya (Polonsky et al., 2005; Snoek, Bremmer & Hermanns, 2015). Beban emosional tersebut akan berdampak pada pasien itu sendiri, keluarganya dan pemberi pelayanan kesehatan yang terlibat dalam perawatan diabetes. Diabetes distress mengakibatkan menurunnya kualitas hidup yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan pada seluruh domain yaitu fisik, psikologis, hubungan sosial dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 510,
"width": 213,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "lingkungan (Chew, Mohd-Sidik & Shariff- Ghazali, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 548,
"width": 213,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Distress pada penderita diabetes dipengaruhi oleh kognitif, lama sakit, kepribadian dan faktor ekonomi (Siregar&Hidajat, 2017). Wardian, 2014 cit. Permana, 2017 menyebutkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan diabetes distress adalah usia, indeks masa tubuh, pelayanan kesehatan profesional dan efikasi diri. Rendahnya tingkat distress pada hasil penelitian dianalisis berdasarkan beberapara karakteristik responden yang menunjukkan kondisi positif yaitu usia, status menikah, pendidikan, pekerjaan dan kepemilikian jaminan kesehatan. Responden penelitian ini menunjukkan karakteristik yang mendukung pada rendahnya tingkat stress. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar tingkat pendidikan responden berada di tingkat lanjut yaitu SMA dan perguruan tinggi sebesar 65,9 %.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 28,
"width": 331,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, Volume 6 No 2, Hal 76- 82, November 2018 FIKKes Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang bekerjasama dengan PPNI Jawa Tengah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 793,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "80",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 213,
"height": 453,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tingkat pendidikan seseorang berhubungan dengan pengetahuan seseorang. Tingkat pendidikan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang kesehatan. Pendidikan merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam mempengaruhi pikiran seseorang. Seorang yang berpendidikan ketika menemui suatu masalah akan berusaha berfikir sebaik mungkin dalam menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Orang yang berpendidikan baik cenderung akan mampu berfikir tenang terhadap suatu masalah. Penelitian Siregar (2017) menyebutkan faktor kognitif mempengaruhi cara berfikir patisipan dalam menemukan solusi yang tepat dari masalah yang dihadapi. Koping merupakan usaha seseorang untuk mengurangi stres yang merupakan proses pengaturan (management) beban yang dihadapi. Koping mengarahkan individu untuk mendefinisikan masalah, mencari alternatif pemecahan, mengukur alternative dari segi keuntungan dan kerugian, menentukan pilihan dan melaksanakan tindakan (Lazarus&Folkman, 1986 cit Sadikin, 2013). Tingkat pendidikan berkaitan dengan kemudahan dalam memahami informasi, penjelasan dan instruksi terkait dengan penyakit (Siregar, 2017). Kemampuan individu dalam beradaptasi dan menangani masalah akan mengurangi reaksi stress yang muncul akibat penyakit. Selain itu, kemampuan berespon dan kematangan berfikir juga berkaitan dengan tingkat usia (Sadikin&Subekti, 2013). Sehingga rendahnya tingkat diabetes distress pada penelitian ini diperkuat dengan usia responden yang sebagian besar berada pada rentang 46-55 tahun (34,09 %).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 527,
"width": 213,
"height": 250,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakteristik responden penelitian ini menurut jenis kelamin menunjukkan sebagian besar responden adalah perempuan perempuan (61,4%) dengan rentang usia terbesar 46-55 tahun (34,09 %). Prevalensi DM pada perempuan dibuktikan dalam penelitian Jelantik (2014 cit Permana, 2017) yaitu terdapat hubungan faktor risiko umur, jenis kelamin, kegemukan dan hipertensi dengan kejadian DM tipe 2 di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mataram Tahun 2013, dimana sebagian besar berjenis kelamin perempuan. Peningkatan umur menyebabkan seseorang beresiko terhadap peningkatan kejadian DM, orang yang memasuki 6 usia 55 tahun keatas, berkaitan dengan terjadinya diabetes karena pada usia tua, fungsi tubuh secara fisiologis menurun karena terjadi penurunan sekresi atau resistensi insulin sehingga kemampuan fungsi tubuh terhadap pengendalian glukosa darah yang tinggi kurang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 59,
"width": 213,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "optimal (Suyono, 2007 cit Permana, 2017). Kekenusa (2013 cit Permana, 2017) menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara umur dan riwayat hidup dengan kejadian DM tipe 2, dimana orang yang berumur lebih dari 45 tahun memiliki resiko menderita DM tipe 2 delapan kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan orang yang berusia dibawah 45 tahun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 173,
"width": 213,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagian besar responden telah menderita DM lebih dari 5 tahun (68,2 %). Lama sakit berkaitan dengan proses adaptasi terhadap masalah yang dihadapi. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Permana (2017) yang menyebutkan bahwa distribusi frekuensi lama sakit responden penderita DM menunjukkan distribusi tertinggi pada lebih dari 10 tahun dan tingkat distress pasien sebagian besar adalah ringan. Permana (2017) menyatakan terdapat hubungan antara lama sakit dengan tingkat distress pada pasien diabetes mellitus di Rumah Sakit Islam Surakarta (p-value = 0,001) dimana semakin lama sakit, maka tingkat distress semakin rendah. Semakin rendah tingkat stress dalm kondisi sakit yang semakin lama menunjukkan pasien semakin memahami kondisi yang dirasakan baik dari segi fisik, psikologis, hubungan sosial dan lingkungan. Pemahaman yang dialami pasien terhadap sakitnya akan mendorong pasien untuk lebih mampu mengantisipasi munculnya kegawatan atau sesuatu hal yang mungkin terjadi pada diri pasien (Permana, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 489,
"width": 213,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hampir seluruh responden dalam penelitian ini memiliki asuransi kesehatan (93,2 %). Hal ini merupakan faktor penting yang membantu menurunkan distress penderita. Diabetes",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 540,
"width": 213,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mellitus merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang paling serius, mengancam, berkembang pesat angka kejadian dan mengakibatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas serta meningkatkan biaya perawatan kesehatan terbanyak. Besarnya pembiayaan kesehatan akibat Diabetes tampak dari klaim BPJS sampai tahun 2015. Ternyata Diabetes dan komplikasinya adalah salah satu kelompok klaim terbesar untuk biaya catastrophic JKN, yaitu 33 % dari total pengeluaran. Adanya jaminan kesehatan akan mengurangi beban pembiayaan yang harus ditanggung secara mandiri oleh penderita DM sehingga secara emosional seorang yang memiliki jaminan kesehatan menjadi lebih tenang dan yakin.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 755,
"width": 213,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Status pernikahan sebagian besar responden penelitian ini adalah status menikah yaitu 84,1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 28,
"width": 331,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, Volume 6 No 2 Hal 76- 82, November 2018 FIKKes Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang bekerjasama dengan PPNI Jawa Tengah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 793,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "81",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 65,
"width": 213,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "%. Penderita diabetes membutuhkan kepatuhan dalam melakukan perawatan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 78,
"width": 213,
"height": 313,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan pengobatannya. Penderita DM membutuhkan bantuan, dukungan dan perhatian dari lingkungan disekitarnya untuk menjaga kepatuhan regimen yang dijalani. Dukungan keluarga merupakan suatu pertolongan dari keluarga untuk memberikan kenyamanan fisik dan psikologis pada keadaan stres. Dukungan emosional dari orang terdekat menimbulkan ketenangan, kenyamanan dan meminimalkan reaksi negativ kecemasan (Wardani, 2017). Penelitian Wardani (2017) menyebutkan terdapat hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku distres pada pasien diabetes di RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Koefisien korelasi bernilai negatif yang menunjukkan bahwa dukungan keluarga dan perilaku distres berlawanan arah, sehingga dukungan keluarga yang tinggi mengakibatkan rendahnya perilaku distres. Sebaliknya, rendahnya dukungan keluarga mengakibatkan semakin tinggi perilaku distress. Hal ini tidak sesuai dengan penetian Yumna (2018) tidak ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan distress pasien diabetes dengan nilai p value 0,155.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 406,
"width": 213,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diabetes distress memiliki 4 domain yaitu distress beban emosional, distress dengan dokter/tenaga kesehatan, distress pengobatan, distress interpersonal. Hasil penelitian pada 4 domain diabetes distress menunjukkan urutan berdasarkan rerata tertinggi yaitu distress beban emosional (2,28), distress pengobatan (2,14), distress dengan dokter/tenaga kesehatan (2,09) dan distress interpersonal (1,90). Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Permana (2017) bahwa komponen distress yang paling dominan terhadap timbulnya distres pasien adalah beban emosional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 584,
"width": 137,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 597,
"width": 45,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 610,
"width": 213,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Sebagian responden mengalami diabetes distress tingkat rendah (50%), 45,5 % responden mengalami diabetes distress tingkat sedang dan hanya sedikit (4,5%) responden yang mengalami diabetes distress tingkat tinggi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 686,
"width": 213,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Domain diabetes distress yang paling tinggi adalah distress beban emosional (2,28), selanjutnya distress pengobatan (2,14), distress dengan dokter/tenaga kesehatan (2,09) dan nilai terendah terdapat pada distress interpersonal (1,90).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 65,
"width": 28,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 78,
"width": 217,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Perlu dipertahankan faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi positif dalam menurunkan tingkat distress penderita DM tipe II yang dapat dimodifikasi diantaranya pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 141,
"width": 216,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Perlu diberikan edukasi atau pelatihan yang dapat menguatkan respon emosional penderita DM tipe II misalnya konseling, terapi psikologis, keterampilan komunikasi dan peningkatan koping.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 217,
"width": 110,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 230,
"width": 213,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arifin, B, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Thobari, JA, Cao, Q, Krabbe, PFM & Postma, MJ 2017,’ Translation, Revision, and Validation of the Diabetes Distress Scale for Indonesian Type 2 Diabetic Outpatients with Various Types of Complications’, Value in Health Regional Issues, 12C:63-73",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 344,
"width": 213,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Chew, BH, Mohd-Sidik, S & Shariff-Ghazali, S 2015, ‘Negative effects of diabetes– relateddistress on health-related quality of life: an evaluation among the adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in three primary healthcare clinics in Malaysia’, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 13:187",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 457,
"width": 213,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Chew, BH, Vos, R, Mohd-Sidik, S, Rutten, GEHM 2016,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 361,
"top": 469,
"width": 177,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "‘Diabetes -Related Distress, Depression and Distress- Depression among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Malaysia, PLoS ONE 11(3): e0152095.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 545,
"width": 213,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fisher L, Mullan JT, Arean P, Glasgow RE,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 361,
"top": 557,
"width": 178,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hessler D, Masharani U. 2010, ‘Diabetes distress but not clinical depression or depressive symptoms is associated with glycemic control in both crosssectional and longitudinal analyses. Diabetes Care; 33: 23 – 28.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 645,
"width": 213,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Permana, Y. I. (2017). Hubungan antara lama sakit dengan tingkat distress pada pasien dengan Diabetes mellitus di Rumah Sakit Islam Surakarta. Skripsi. http://eprints.ums.ac.id/52058/2/NASK AH%20PUBLIKASI.pdf. Diakses tanggal 26 September 2018.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 746,
"width": 213,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Polonsky, WH, Fisher, L, Earles, J, Dudl, RJ, Lees, J, Mullan, J & Jackson, RA 2005,’ Assessing Psychosocial Distress",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 28,
"width": 331,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, Volume 6 No 2, Hal 76- 82, November 2018 FIKKes Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang bekerjasama dengan PPNI Jawa Tengah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 793,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "82",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 59,
"width": 178,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "in Diabetes: Development of the Diabetes Distress Scale’, Diabetes Care 28:626 – 631",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 109,
"width": 213,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sadikin,, LM. Subekti, EM. 2013. Coping Stres pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus Pasca Amputasi. Jurnal Psikologi Klinis dan Kesehatan Mental. Vol 02 No 03.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 454,
"height": 261,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strandberg, R.B, Graue1, M, Wentzel-Larsen, T, Peyrot, M, Thordarson, H.B., & Rokne, B 2015,’ Research: Educational and Psychological Issues Longitudinal relationship between diabetes-specific emotional distress and follow-up HbA1c in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus’, Diabetic Medicine. 32, 1304– 1310. Siregar, LB &Hidajat, LL. 2017. Faktor yang Berperan Terhadap Deprsesi, Kecemasan dan Stres pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: Studi Kasus Puskesams Kecamatan Gambir Jakarta Pusat. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi MANASA. Vol 6, No. 1 Wardani, D. K. (2017). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Perilaku distress pada pasien dengan Diabetes mellitus di Rumah Sakit Moewardi. Skripsi.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 361,
"top": 185,
"width": 171,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://eprints.ums.ac.id/53777/14/NAS",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 361,
"top": 198,
"width": 156,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KAH%20PUBLIKASI.pdf.Diakses tanggal 26 September 2018.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 235,
"width": 213,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yumna, M, Diani N, Setyowati, A. 2018. Dukungan Keluarga dengan Distress pada pasien Diabetes Melitus.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
6c698094-0940-b34c-208a-6e8ff7c6c0f7 | https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/edumatica/article/download/188/6839 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 190,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumatica Volume 01 Nomor 01, April 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 38,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2088-2157",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 425,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelibatan Metakognisi ............................................................................................................................... Page 25",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 88,
"width": 292,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PELIBATAN METAKOGNISI DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 143,
"width": 27,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Oleh:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 255,
"top": 157,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mustamin Anggo",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 170,
"width": 267,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "( Dosen Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Unhalu Kendari )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 212,
"width": 42,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 226,
"width": 347,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metakognisi memainkan peran penting dalam mendukung kesuksesan siswa memecahkan masalah matematika. Metakognisi merupakan kesadaran tentang kognisi, dan pengaturan kognisi seseorang. Pada pembelajaran matematika, metakognisi berperan penting terutama dalam meningkatkan kemampuan belajar dan memecahkan masalah. Pelibatan metakognisi dalam belajar dan memecahkan masalah dapat didorong melalui pemanfaatan masalah matematika yang menantang, yang salah satu diantaranya berupa masalah matematika kontekstual",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 350,
"width": 226,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci : metakognisi, pemecahan masalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 378,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 391,
"width": 425,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembelajaran matematika yang diberikan pada semua jenjang pendidikan sebagaimana tercantum dalam Kurikulum 2006, dilaksanakan untuk membekali peserta didik kemampuan berpikir logis, analitis, sistematis, kritis, dan kreatif, serta membentuk kemandirian dan kemampuan bekerjasama. Kemampuan tersebut diperlukan agar peserta didik dapat memperoleh, mengelola, dan memanfaatkan pengetahuan yang dimilikinya untuk bertahan hidup pada keadaan yang selalu berubah, tidak pasti, dan kompetitif. Untuk mencapai maksud tersebut, maka ditentukan fokus pembelajaran matematika di sekolah mulai dari tingkat sekolah dasar hingga sekolah menengah atas adalah pendekatan pemecahan masalah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 515,
"width": 425,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Melalui pemecahan masalah matematika, siswa diarahkan untuk mengembangkan kemampuannya antara lain membangun pengetahuan matematika yang baru, memecahkan masalah dalam berbagai konteks yang berkaitan dengan matematika, menerapkan berbagai strategi yang diperlukan, dan merefleksikan proses pemecahan masalah matematika. Semua kemampuan tersebut dapat diperoleh bila siswa terbiasa melaksanakan pemecahan masalah menurut prosedur yang tepat, sehingga cakupan manfaat yang diperoleh tidak hanya terikat pada satu masalah yang dipecahkan saja, tetapi juga dapat menyentuh berbagai masalah lainnya serta mencakup aspek pengetahuan matematika yang lebih luas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 640,
"width": 425,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Proses berpikir dalam pemecahan masalah merupakan hal penting yang perlu mendapat perhatian para pendidik terutama untuk membantu siswa agar dapat mengembangkan kemampuannya memecahkan masalah. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Lester (Gartman dan Freiberg, 1993) bahwa tujuan utama mengajarkan pemecahan masalah dalam matematika adalah tidak hanya untuk melengkapi siswa dengan sekumpulan keterampilan atau proses, tetapi lebih kepada memungkinkan siswa berpikir tentang apa yang dipikirkannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 190,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumatica Volume 01 Nomor 01, April 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 38,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2088-2157",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 425,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelibatan Metakognisi ............................................................................................................................... Page 26",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 425,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berpikir tentang apa yang dipikirkan dalam hal ini berkaitan dengan kesadaran siswa terhadap kemampuannya untuk mengembangkan berbagai cara yang mungkin ditempuh dalam memecahkan masalah. Menurut Gartman dan Freiberg (1993) Proses menyadari dan mengatur berpikir siswa sendiri tersebut, dikenal sebagai metakognisi, termasuk didalamnya adalah berpikir tentang bagaimana siswa membuat pendekatan terhadap masalah, memilih strategi yang digunakan untuk menemukan pemecahan, dan bertanya kepada diri sendiri tentang masalah tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 184,
"width": 425,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terlaksananya proses metakognisi dalam pemecahan masalah merupakan salah satu faktor menarik yang banyak diperhatikan oleh kalangan peneliti pendidikan. Hal tersebut disebabkan keuntungan yang dapat diperoleh ketika pemecahan masalah dilakukan dengan melibatkan kesadaran terhadap proses berpikir serta kemampuan pengaturan diri, sehingga memungkinkan terbangunnya pemahaman yang kuat dan menyeluruh terhadap masalah disertai alasan yang logis. Pemahaman semacam ini merupakan sesuatu yang selalu ditekankan ketika berlangsung pembelajaran matematika di semua tingkatan pendidikan, karena kesesuaiannya yang kuat dengan pola berpikir matematika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 323,
"width": 144,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B. Pengertian Metakognisi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 336,
"width": 425,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Istilah metakognisi dalam dunia pendidikan pada waktu terakhir ini telah cukup luas digunakan, antara lain berkaitan dengan usaha mengoptimalkan kemampuan siswa dalam pemecahan masalah (Gartman dan Freiberg, 1993), atau mengoptimalkan hasil belajar yang dapat dicapai oleh siswa (Gama, 2004). Pada prinsipnya usaha melibatkan metakognisi dalam berbagai kegiatan belajar diharapkan memberi manfaat untuk meningkatkan kualitas belajar yang dilaksanakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 419,
"width": 425,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bila diperhatikan beberapa pendapat ahli, tampak bahwa tidak terdapat kesepakatan tentang definisi metakognisi secara formal, disebabkan banyaknya jenis pengetahuan dan proses berbeda masuk dalam istilah metakognisi (Panaoura dan Philippou, 2001), namun secara umum terdapat benang merah yang dapat ditarik untuk menghubungkan berbagai pendapat tersebut. Gambaran tentang perbedaan tersebut antara lain ditunjukkan oleh perbedaan pandangan antara dua orang pelopor studi tentang metakognisi yaitu Flavell dan Brown. Flavell cenderung memandang metakognisi dari aspek pengetahuan tentang kognisi seseorang, sementara Brown cenderung memandang metakognisi sebagai proses mengatur kognisi seseorang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 543,
"width": 425,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meski Flavell dan Brown memiliki kecenderungan pandangan berbeda tentang metakognisi, namun keduanya berpandangan bahwa metakognisi mencakup dua aspek yang saling berkaitan dan saling bergantung satu sama lain. Flavell mengemukakan bahwa metakognisi terdiri dari (1) pengetahuan metakognitif ( metacognitive knowledge ), dan (2) pengalaman atau pengaturan metakognitif ( metacognitive experience or regulation ) (Flavell, 1979). Di sisi lain, Brown juga membagi metakognisi menjadi: (1) pengetahuan tentang kognisi ( knowledge about cognition ), dan (2) pengaturan kognisi ( regulation of cognition ) (Gay, 2002).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 653,
"width": 426,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terdapat beberapa definisi tentang metakognisi yang berkembang dalam bidang psikologi kognitif, diantaranya Flavell (Lee dan Baylor, 2006) mendefinisikan: metakognisi sebagai kemampuan untuk memahami dan memantau berpikir diri sendiri dan asumsi serta implikasi kegiatan seseorang. Metacognition as the ability to understand and monitor one’s own thoughts and the assumptions and implications of one’s activities . Pendapat ini menekankan metakognisi sebagai kemampuan untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 190,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumatica Volume 01 Nomor 01, April 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 38,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2088-2157",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 425,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelibatan Metakognisi ............................................................................................................................... Page 27",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 425,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memahami dan memantau kegiatan berpikir, sehingga proses metakognisi tiap-tiap orang akan berbeda menurut kemampuannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 115,
"width": 426,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sementara itu, Brown (Lee dan Baylor, 2006) mendefinisikan metakognisi sebagai suatu kesadaran terhadap aktivitas kognisi diri sendiri, metode yang digunakan untuk mengatur proses kognisi diri sendiri dan suatu penguasaan terhadap bagaimana mengarahkan, merencanakan, dan memantau aktivitas kognitif. Metacognition as an awareness of one’s own cognitive activity; the methods employed to regulate one’s own cognitive processes; and a command of how one directs, plans, and monitors cognitive activity . Pendapat Brown ini menekankan metakognisi sebagai kesadaran terhadap aktivitas kognisi, dalam hal ini metakognisi berkaitan dengan bagaimana seseorang menyadari proses berpikirnya. Kesadaran tersebut akan terwujud pada cara seseorang mengatur dan mengelola aktivitas berpikir yang dilakukannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 267,
"width": 206,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "C. Kaitan Kognisi dengan Metakognisi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 281,
"width": 425,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kognisi dan metakognisi pada dasarnya merupakan suatu rangkaian dari aktivitas berpikir yang dilakukan manusia. Ketika membicarakan pengembangan metakognisi, sebenarnya tidak terlepas dari membicarakan pengembangan kognisi itu sendiri, sehingga tidak berlebihan bila dikatakan bahwa kognisi dan metakognisi merupakan satu rangkaian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Panaoura dan Philippou (2001) mengemukakan bahwa pengembangan metakognisi bukan merupakan proses yang bersifat automatis, tetapi merupakan hasil dari proses pengembangan yang panjang dari sistem kognitif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 391,
"width": 426,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Istilah kognisi cukup banyak digunakan khususnya berkaitan dengan pemrosesan informasi. Menurut Niesser istilah kognisi mengacu pada seluruh proses dimana input sensorik diubah, dikurangi, dimaknai, disimpan, diambil kembali, dan digunakan (Solso dkk, 2008; 10). Dengan demikian, kognisi dalam hal ini berkaitan dengan cara seseorang memperoleh dan memproses informasi, menyimpan informasi, dan memanggilnya kembali untuk digunakan pada kegiatan belajar atau pemecahan masalah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 488,
"width": 425,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Secara sederhana, metakognisi dipahami sebagai berpikir tentang berpikir atau kognisi tentang kognisi seseorang, atau dapat dipandang bahwa metakognisi adalah kognisi pada tingkatan kedua. Pemahaman ini sejalan dengan pandangan Gama (2004; 9), bahwa metakognisi adalah suatu bentuk dari kognisi, tingkatan kedua atau lebih tinggi dari proses berpikir yang meliputi kontrol aktif atas proses kognisi,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 425,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ditinjau dari dimensi pengetahuan metakognitif, Flavel (1979) menganggap bahwa pengetahuan metakognitif memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan pengetahuan kognitif, perbedaannya terjadi pada bagaimana menggunakan informasi. Jadi meski dapat dikemukakan perbedaan dari pengetahuan metakognitif dengan pengetahuan kognitif, namun keduanya memiliki dasar pengetahuan yang sama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 626,
"width": 426,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan model metakognisi oleh Flavel, Gama (2004) menyatakan bahwa metakognisi dan kognisi berbeda dalam isi dan fungsinya, tetapi mirip dalam bentuk dan kualitasnya. Dengan demikian metakognisi dan kognisi hanya dapat dibedakan dengan memperhatikan dua karakteristik dasarnya yaitu isi dan fungsi. (1) Isi dari metakognisi adalah pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kesadaran terhadap kognisi, sedangkan isi kognisi adalah hal-hal yang ada dalam dunia nyata atau dalam gambaran mental, (2) Fungsi kognisi adalah untuk memecahkan masalah, sedangkan fungsi metakognisi adalah untuk mengatur aktivitas kognisi seseorang dalam memecahkan masalah atau melaksanakan suatu tugas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 190,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumatica Volume 01 Nomor 01, April 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 38,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2088-2157",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 425,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelibatan Metakognisi ............................................................................................................................... Page 28",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 88,
"width": 383,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Kaitan antara kognisi dengan metakognisi Isi Fungsi Kognisi Hal-hal yang ada di dunia nyata atau gambaran mental Memecahkan masalah Metakognisi Pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kesadaran terhadap kognisi Mengatur aktivitas kognisi dalam memecahkan masalah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 224,
"width": 425,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jadi jelas bahwa terdapat keterkaitan yang sangat erat antara kognisi dengan metakognisi, dan keduanya merupakan satu rangkaian tidak terpisahkan. Usaha meningkatkan kemampuan kognisi seseorang, perlu didukung oleh peningkatan kemampuan metakognisi, demikian pula sebaliknya. Pada penerapannya dalam kegiatan belajar atau pemecahan masalah, proses kognisi dan metakognisi dapat berlangsung secara bersamaan atau beriringan, yang saling menunjang satu sama lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 319,
"width": 193,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "D. Pemecahan Masalah Matematika",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 333,
"width": 426,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setiap manusia pasti sering berhadapan dengan masalah, karena masalah dan pemecahan masalah merupakan bagian dari proses pendewasaan yang harus dilalui, dan merupakan sarana pematangan untuk menjamin eksistensi diri baik sebagai individu maupun sebagai bagian dari lingkungannya. Dengan demikian, kemampuan memecahkan masalah merupakan keterampilan dasar yang harus dimiliki seseorang agar dapat menempuh kehidupannya secara lebih baik. Pembahasan dalam tulisan ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk mencakup secara keseluruhan masalah, tetapi lebih difokuskan pada masalah yang berkaitan dengan pelajaran matematika di sekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 443,
"width": 425,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Masalah matematika dalam tulisan ini adalah suatu entitas yang tidak diketahui dan perlu dicari pemecahannya, berkaitan dengan pelajaran matematika di sekolah. Pemecahan suatu masalah matematika mensyaratkan siswa berhubungan dengan situasi yang tidak dikenalnya melalui berpikir secara fleksibel dan kreatif (Mousoulides dkk, 2007). Pada proses pembelajaran matematika di sekolah, guru biasanya menyajikan masalah matematika untuk dipecahkan oleh siswa dalam bentuk soal berupa pertanyaan yang membutuhkan jawaban, atau tugas yang harus diselesaikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 540,
"width": 425,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Masalah matematika merupakan salah satu yang bersifat intelektual, karena untuk dapat memecahkannya diperlukan pelibatan kemampuan intelektual yang dimiliki seseorang. Masalah matematika yang diberikan kepada siswa di sekolah, dimaksudkan khususnya untuk melatih siswa mematangkan kemampuan intelektualnya dalam memahami, merencanakan, melakukan, dan memperoleh solusi dari setiap masalah yang dihadapinya. Dengan demikian, kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah dan menjadi pemecah masalah yang sukses menjadi tema penting dalam standar isi kurikulum pendidikan matematika di Indonesia (Kurikulum 2006) dan standar pendidikan di beberapa Negara (Kirkley, 2003).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 664,
"width": 425,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemecahan masalah merupakan perwujudan dari suatu aktivitas mental yang terdiri dari bermacam-macam keterampilan dan tindakan kognitif (Kirkley, 2003) yang dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan solusi yang benar dari masalah. Pada pembelajaran matematika di sekolah, guru biasanya menjadikan kegiatan pemecahan masalah sebagai bagian penting yang mesti dilaksanakan. Hal tersebut dimaksudkan disamping untuk mengetahui tingkat penguasaan siswa terhadap materi pelajaran, juga untuk melatih",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 190,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumatica Volume 01 Nomor 01, April 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 38,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2088-2157",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 425,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelibatan Metakognisi ............................................................................................................................... Page 29",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 425,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "siswa agar mampu menerapkan pengetahuan yang dimilikinya kedalam berbagai situasi dan masalah berbeda. Gagne (Orton, 1992: 35) mengemukakan bahwa pemecahan masalah merupakan bentuk belajar paling tinggi. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa semua kegiatan mempelajari aturan, teknik, dan isi pelajaran sehingga dapat memahami matematika, dimaksudkan agar siswa mampu mecahkan masalah matematika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 170,
"width": 425,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Khusus dalam pemecahan masalah matematika, salah satu yang banyak dirujuk adalah pentahapan oleh Polya (1973), yang mengemukakan empat tahapan penting yang perlu dilakukan yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 212,
"width": 407,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Memahami masalah, meliputi memahami berbagai hal yang ada pada masalah seperti apa yang tidak diketahui, apa saja data yang tersedia, apa syarat- syaratnya, dan sebagainya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 253,
"width": 407,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Memikirkan rencana, meliputi berbagai usaha untuk menemukan hubungan masalah dengan masalah lainnya atau hubungan antara data dengan hal yang tidak diketahui, dan sebagainya. Pada akhirnya seseorang harus memilih suatu rencana pemecahan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 308,
"width": 407,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Melaksanakan rencana, termasuk memeriksa setiap langkah pemecahan, apakah langkah yang dilakukan sudah benar atau dapatkah dibuktikan bahwa langkah tersebut benar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 350,
"width": 376,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Melihat kembali, meliputi pengujian terhadap pemecahan yang dihasilkan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 378,
"width": 294,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E. Metakognisi dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 391,
"width": 425,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berangkat dari gagasan Polya tentang langkah-langkah pemecahan masalah, dapat dikatakan bahwa semua langkah yang dikemukakan mengarahkan kepada kesadaran dan pengaturan siswa terhadap proses yang dilaksanakan untuk memperoleh solusi yang tepat. Polya sendiri (Gama, 2004) menyebutkan pemikirannya tersebut sebagai “berpikir tentang proses” ( thinking about the process ) dalam kaitannya dengan kesuksesan pemecahan masalah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 474,
"width": 425,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bila dicermati langkah-langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Polya, tampak bahwa pemecahan masalah dilaksanakan berdasarkan pada adanya pengetahuan tentang kognisi ( knowledge about cognition ), serta pengaturan kognisi ( regulation of cognition ). Seperti telah dibahas pada bagian sebelumnya, kedua unsur tersebut merupakan komponen dari metakognisi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 543,
"width": 426,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Brown (Panaoura dan Philipou, 2001) mengemukakan keterampilan atau kemampuan metakognisi yang esensial bagi setiap pemecah masalah yang efisien meliputi kemampuan dalam: (1) perencanaan ( planning ), meliputi pendugaan hasil, dan penjadwalan strategi, (2) pemantauan ( monitoring ), meliputi pengujian, perevisian, dan penjadwalan ulang strategi yang dilakukan, dan (3) pemeriksaan ( checking ), meliputi evaluasi hasil dari pelaksanaan suatu strategi berdasarkan kriteria efisiensi dan efektivitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 640,
"width": 425,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Langkah-langkah pemecahan masalah yang dikemukakan Polya telah menjadi dasar bagi pengembangan strategi metakognitif, dan telah banyak dirujuk oleh para peneliti pendidikan, khususnya pendidikan matematika. Pada pelaksanaannya, aktivitas dan keterampilan tersebut dapat dicirikan oleh karakteristik metakognisi sebagaimana dikemukakan Buron (Chrobak, 1999), bahwa metakognisi memiliki empat karakteristik, yaitu: (1) mengetahui tujuan yang ingin dicapai melalui proses berpikir secara sungguh- sungguh, (2) memilih strategi untuk mencapai tujuan, (3) mengamati proses",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 190,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumatica Volume 01 Nomor 01, April 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 38,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2088-2157",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 425,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelibatan Metakognisi ............................................................................................................................... Page 30",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 425,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pengembangan pengetahuan diri sendiri, untuk melihat apakah strategi yang dipilih sudah tepat, (4) mengevaluasi hasil untuk mengetahui apakah tujuan sudah tercapai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 115,
"width": 425,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sejalan dengan pandangan Brown, Cohors-Fresenborg & Kaune (2007) mengelompokkan aktivitas metakognisi dalam memecahkan masalah matematika terdiri atas (1) perencanaan ( planning ), (2) pemantauan ( monitoring ), dan (3) refleksi ( reflection ). Keterlaksanaan ketiga aktivitas metakognisi ini sangat ditentukan oleh kesadaran siswa terhadap pengetahuan yang dimilikinya berkaitan dengan masalah yang dipecahkan serta bagaimana mengatur kesadaran tersebut dalam memecahkan masalah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 212,
"width": 114,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "F. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 226,
"width": 425,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan mengambil subjek penelitian mahasiswa semester 1 Program Studi S1 Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Universitas Haluoleo Kendari. Kelompok ini dipilih karena mereka adalah calon guru yang nantinya berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dan hasil pembelajaran yang akan dicapai oleh siswa ketika kelak mereka menjadi guru. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan suatu langkah penelitian untuk memperoleh informasi aktual tentang aktivitas metakognisi yang dilakukan, yang nantinya dapat digunakan untuk merancang langkah penyiapan calon guru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 336,
"width": 426,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data diperoleh melalui hasil pemecahan masalah secara tertulis, hasil think aloud , dan hasil wawancara. Selama proses pemecahan masalah secara tertulis, think aloud , dan wawancara, dilakukan perekaman secara audio visual, sehingga memungkinkan peneliti melakukaan penelaahan terhadap data secara berulang-ulang. Masalah yang dipecahkan meliputi dua jenis masalah matematika, yakni masalah matematika formal dan masalah matematika kontekstual.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 419,
"width": 425,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk menjamin keabsahan data, maka dilakukan triangulasi. Triangulasi dilaksanakan menggunakan triangulasi waktu, dengan cara memberikan masalah yang setara kepada subjek untuk dipecahkan pada waktu berbeda.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 474,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "G. Diskusi Hasil Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 488,
"width": 425,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas metakognisi yang terlaksana ketika subjek memecahkan masalah menunjukkan keragaman yang bervariasi. Keragaman tersebut diantaranya terjadi ketika subjek memecahkan masalah matematika yang relatif menantang, baik yang disajikan dalam bentuk masalah matematika formal maupun bentuk masalah matematika kontekstual. Sifat menantang dari masalah yang dipecahkan cukup baik dalam mendorong subjek mengoptimalkan kembali proses kognisi dan metakognisinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 584,
"width": 425,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada pemecahan masalah matematika formal, aktivitas metakognisi yang terlaksana langsung berkaitan dengan kesadaran subjek terhadap prosedur matematika formal yang diketahuinya dan diterapkan pada langkah-langkah pemecahan secara formal. Keadaan ini tentu dapat dipahami karena berkaitan dengan bentuk sajian masalah yang dipecahkannya yakni dalam bentuk masalah matematika formal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 653,
"width": 425,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada jenis masalah matematika kontekstual, kesadaran dan pengaturan berpikir subjek dilakukan dalam bentuk aktivitas metakognisi yang relatif lebih bervariasi dan lebih dinamis. Hal ini berkaitan dengan bentuk penyajian masalahnya yakni subjek perlu mengerahkan proses berpikirnya untuk menterjemahkan situasi kontekstual dari masalah ke dalam bentuk model matematika agar prosedur matematika dapat diterapkan. Pada akhir pemecahan masalah secara matematis, subjek kembali harus",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 190,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumatica Volume 01 Nomor 01, April 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 38,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2088-2157",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 425,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelibatan Metakognisi ............................................................................................................................... Page 31",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 425,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menterjemahkan hasil yang diperoleh ke dalam situasi kontekstual dari masalah sehingga masalah dapat dipecahkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 115,
"width": 425,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada kedua jenis masalah tersebut di atas, diketahui bahwa ketika menghadapi suatu masalah matematika yang cukup menantang, subjek melakukan aktivitas metakognisi yang lebih beragam dan lebih dinamis. Keadaan ini ternyata sangat berbeda dengan ketika subjek memecahkan masalah yang bersifat rutin, atau masalah yang terlalu mudah, atau masalah yang terlalu sulit. Bila dibandingkan antara kedua jenis masalah yang dipecahkan, tampak bahwa penggunaan masalah matematika kontekstual cukup baik dalam melatih siswa melibatkan aktivitas metakognisinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 226,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H. Penutup",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 239,
"width": 165,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil di atas menunjukkan bahwa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 253,
"width": 407,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Salah satu faktor yang mendorong keterlaksanaan aktivitas metakognisi pada pemecahan masalah matematika adalah penggunaan masalah matematika yang menantang kepada siswa. Sifat menantang dari suatu masalah matematika dalam hal ini berkaitan dengan banyaknya pengetahuan yang dibutuhkan untuk memecahkan masalah namun masih mampu untuk dipecahkan. Jadi masalah yang menantang adalah bukan masalah yang terlalu sulit sehingga subjek tidak mampu untuk memecahkannya, dan juga bukan masalah yang terlalu mudah sehingga subjek tidak perlu banyak mengerahkan kemampuan berpikirnya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 364,
"width": 407,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Pemanfaatan masalah matematika kontekstual ternyata cukup menantang bagi subjek untuk memecahkannya. Jadi pilihan untuk menggunakan masalah matematika kontekstual ternyata memiliki keunggulan dalam mendorong siswa melibatkan kesadaran dan pengaturan berpikirnya (metakognisi) ketika memecahkan masalah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 447,
"width": 110,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 460,
"width": 425,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anggo, M., 2010, Proses Metakognisi Mahasiswa Calon Guru dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika , Disertasi S3 (tidak dipublikasikan), PPs Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 502,
"width": 425,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chrobak, R., 1999, Metacognition and Didactic Tools in Higher Education , Comahue National University, Boenos Aires",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 529,
"width": 425,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cohors-Fresenborg, E., and Kaune, C., 2007, Modelling Classroom Discussion and Categorizing Discursive and Metacognitive Activities , In Proceeding of CERME 5, 1180 – 1189.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 571,
"width": 426,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Flavell, J. H., 1979, Metacognition and Cognitive Monitoring, A New Area of Cognitive – Developmental Inquiry, in Nelson, T. O. (Ed), 1992 , Metacognition , Allyn and Bacon, Boston. Gama, C. A., 2004, Integrating Metacognition Instruction in Interactive Learning Environment , D. Phil Dissertation, University of Sussex Gartman, S., and Freiberg, M., 1993, Metacognition and Mathematical Problem Solving: Helping Students to Ask The Right Questions, The Mathematics Educator , Volume 6 Number 1, 9 – 13.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 681,
"width": 425,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gay, G., 2002, The Nature of Metacognition, Adaptive Technology Resource Centre (Legal Notice).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 709,
"width": 425,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kirkley, J., 2003, Principle for Teaching Problem Solving , Technical Paper, Plato Learning Inc.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 190,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumatica Volume 01 Nomor 01, April 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 38,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2088-2157",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 425,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelibatan Metakognisi ............................................................................................................................... Page 32",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 425,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lee, M., and Baylor, A. L., 2006, Designing Metacognitive Maps for Web-Based",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 101,
"width": 425,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Learning, Educational Technology & Society , 9 (1), 344 – 348 Mousoulides, N., Christou, C., and Sriraman, B., 2007, From Problem Solving to Modelling- A Meta Analysis , University of Cyprus. Orton, A., 1992, Learning Mathematics; Issues, Theory and Classroom Practice , Second Edition, Cassell, New York.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 170,
"width": 426,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Panaoura, A., and Philippou, G., 2001, Young Pupils’ Metacognitive Abilities in Mathematics in Relation to Working Memory and Processing Efficiency , www.ucy.ac.cy , Diakses tanggal 12 November 2007",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 212,
"width": 425,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional No. 23 Tahun 2006 tanggal 23 Mei 2006 tentang Standar Kompetensi Lulusan untuk Satuan Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 253,
"width": 426,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Polya, G., 1973, How To Solve It, Second Edition , Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 281,
"width": 425,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Solso, R. L., Maclin, O. H., dan Maclin, M. K., 2008, Psikologi Kognitif Edisi Kedelapan (terjemahan), Erlangga, Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
f0f0da37-1cdf-714c-2282-96242c53cea3 | https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jli/article/download/8321/4638 | [
{
"left": 216,
"top": 29,
"width": 314,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Linguistic Transculturation in Raya and The Last Dragon Movie (Ratri Harida, Phoutsavad Vongphachan, Tomy Kartika Putra, & Adip Arifin)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 800,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "190",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 76,
"width": 443,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Linguistic Transculturation in Raya and The Last Dragon Movie",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 98,
"width": 414,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ratri Harida 1 *, Phoutsavad Vongphachan 2 , Tomy Kartika Putra 1 , Adip Arifin 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 112,
"width": 366,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STKIP PGRI Ponorogo 1 ; Ministry of Education and Sport of Lao PDR 2 [email protected]*, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 168,
"width": 269,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jli.2023.14.2.8321",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 193,
"width": 77,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Article History: First Received:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 228,
"width": 53,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "23/03/2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 251,
"width": 70,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Final Revision:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 274,
"width": 53,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11/12/2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 296,
"width": 82,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Available online:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 319,
"width": 50,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "27/12/2023",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 207,
"width": 63,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 232,
"width": 332,
"height": 214,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Southeast Asia provides a big market for “global” culture. Disney released Raya and the Last Dragon to seize the opportunity. The movie claimed itself as a Southeast Asian-inspired fantasy movie with diverse cultural images. This descriptive research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data from articles about Southeast Asian culture, Raya and the Last Dragon, and the movie script. This research focuses on finding the semantic-linguistic traits of transculturation within the movie. The semantic-linguistic transculturation within the movie was shown in 1) the names of the characters, 2) the use of mantra or magical chant, and 3) the use of American English informal contraction, slang, portmanteau, and compound words. Raya and the Last Dragon is a movie that shows linguistic transculturation through the use of the character’s name, words and phrases that relate to South Asian culture, mantras and magical chants, and the use of informal English contractions, slangs, portmanteaux, and compound words. The study of other linguistic transculturation levels will provide challenging goals for the other researchers.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 460,
"width": 332,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: linguistic; Transculturation; Raya and the Last Dragon Movie; Southeast Asia Culture",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 534,
"width": 102,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 555,
"width": 471,
"height": 203,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "As a kind of mass media, movies reflect or even shape reality. Stories that are shown through a movie can take the form of fiction or non-fiction. Almost all aspects of human culture are within the range of this medium. It has been suggested that “the medium of film, more than any other art form, can portray the subtleties of the human mind — thoughts, emotions, instincts, and motives— and their impact on behavior (Niemiec and Wedding, 2008 Smithikrai, 2016: 523).” Movies show many cultural perspectives artistically. People who see them will be amazed by audio-visual portrayals of cultural “things” that they never knew or already knew through the mesmerizing screen. Through movies, as audio-visual media, information can be consumed more intimately. When people see a movie, they indirectly capture perception and eventually build their own. Sometimes, people even automatically, in some extreme cases, accept the on-screen acts as reality due to their authenticity in a real-life situation. Movies have become a prominent medium for transferring culture in the globalization era. Moviemakers in the media industry capture the moment and respond to it by trying to embrace the cultural variations in the world.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 28,
"width": 191,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Lingua Idea Vol. 14, No. 2, December, pp.191-202 p-ISSN: 2086-1877 ; e-ISSN : 2580-1066 Website: http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jli/",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "191",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 95,
"width": 471,
"height": 172,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Despite the broader possibility that the movies respond to cultural changes, in the film itself, society (viewers) is given a cultural gaze about images related to cultural identity. The identity, which comes in many forms (Puspitasari, Sabana, Ahmad, 2016: 58), ranging from positive to negative, is all displayed through the millions of movies produced. According to Littlejohn (in Komalawati, 2014), transculturation can be broadly defined as the use of symbols, artifacts, genres, or rituals of one culture by members of another culture. This happens for various reasons, which can be categorized as cultural exchange, cultural exploitation, and cultural dominance. Cultural exchange refers to the mutual exchange of symbols, artifacts, rituals, or genres between cultures at the same level. Examples of reciprocal words and phrases in language include mutual influence on religious practice and two-way streams of music and visual art. In its pure form, cultural exchange shows a reciprocal flow balance and that voluntarism exists.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 269,
"width": 471,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Language has a close relationship with the process of cultural transculturation. For Gunderson (in Knecht, 2019), the closely related language and culture are “inseparably linked” to the point where they are inseparable from one another and have “little or no meaning” when separated. Language is an honest reflection of culture. Culture shapes interaction and gives people the meaningful framework they convey. Any form of language used in a situational context must be relevant to the cultural norms of that context; otherwise, these forms risk being misunderstood, which can lead to unpleasant results (Al-Argat, 2022). There are traces of transculturation at various linguistic levels, including semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. For instance, idiomatic expressions or slang may be culturally specific and not understood by speakers from other cultures. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the cultural context when using language in any given situation to avoid miscommunication and promote effective communication.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 460,
"width": 471,
"height": 219,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Disney embraced the Asian market through Aladdin and Mulan animation in the 1990s. One of the strategies used by Disney to reach global markets is the use of transcultural linguistic techniques. Linguistic transculturation refers to the process of adapting language and culture to reach a wider audience. A successful linguistic transculturation strategy in movies requires a focus on creating content that is accessible, inclusive, and appealing to global audiences while respecting and incorporating local cultures and languages. The translingual strategy in the film involves creating content that audiences from different languages and cultural backgrounds can understand and enjoy. Linguistic transculturation employs different linguistic levels. Considering that the globalization market for the film industry provides enormous challenges, the linguistic transculturation strategy can be used as a reference for the cultural shift in mass media. Therefore, this study tries to find linguistic transculturation strategies in Raya and The Last Dragon at the semantic level, as well as the representation of different cultures in the media (especially Disney animation and the possible consequences of linguistic transculturation at the semantic level.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 698,
"width": 150,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Movies and Transculturation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 714,
"width": 471,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Movies offer opportunities for viewers to encounter other forms of life and might thus be seen as creating a reservoir of common experience. In theory, film is an inclusive medium that can address and attract all people, regardless of their ability to read, native language, ethical",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 29,
"width": 314,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Linguistic Transculturation in Raya and The Last Dragon Movie (Ratri Harida, Phoutsavad Vongphachan, Tomy Kartika Putra, & Adip Arifin)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "192",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 76,
"width": 471,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "persuasion, age and gender, and cognitive, bodily, and emotional constitution (Anders, 2016; Riegert and Anders, 2018 in Anders, 2019:145). The ability to reach out to numerous social segments has given the movie industry the potential to influence or shape viewers' messages since many believe that movies portray social reality. Movies are assumed to record a reality that grows and evolves in society and then projects onto a screen. According to Kepser and Abraham (2016 in Anders, 2019:146), movies also encourage participation in cultural life and personality development through knowledge of previous contents and experiences of one’s culture and that of others.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 203,
"width": 471,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Movies explore how language and culture interact and change due to contact between different cultures. One of the ways to adapt to a culture is through a phenomenon called transculturation. Transculturation is a term to describe the phenomenon of the spread of a language, culture, or idea across different regions, communities, or cultures. Eid (2021: 15) stated that unlike notions of interculturality and multiculturality—where cultural determinants such as homogeneity, uniformity, and fixed cultural boundaries are at work—transculturality better answers to the new sense of cultural fluidity and dynamism that relishes permeation, hybridity, and transmutability. Liu (in Bu, 2012: 879) explains that cultural globalization implies the process in which the globe accepts a regional culture after being processed and transformed, whereas cultural localization indicates the process in which the content or form of a foreign culture is learned, renewed, and transformed by the regional culture, as shown in the following Figure 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 528,
"width": 302,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 1. The Flow of Transculturation (Liu in Bu, 2012: 879)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 560,
"width": 471,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The previous figure showed that as a regional culture processed and transformed by a foreign culture into cultural globalization, it also learned from, renewed, and transformed a foreign culture into cultural localization. Eventually, both cultural globalization and localization produce what is called transculturation as a form of cultural hybrid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 639,
"width": 255,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Previous Studies on Disney’s Movies and Culture",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 655,
"width": 471,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Being an international brand of movie studios, Disney responds to the rise of Asian culture in the global market. Disney movies have extensive cultural impact through transculturation and have become debatable in social studies, communication, and literary studies. The story of Aladdin in 1992 The Disney movie originated from the folktales in the book “Alf Laylah wa-laylah,” which became the beginning. This movie is based on a Middle Eastern folk tale of the Abbasid Caliph around the 10th century. It incorporates elements of Middle Eastern culture, such as Arabic, and the depiction of Middle Eastern architecture and clothing. A",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 28,
"width": 191,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Lingua Idea Vol. 14, No. 2, December, pp.191-202 p-ISSN: 2086-1877 ; e-ISSN : 2580-1066 Website: http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jli/",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "193",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 95,
"width": 471,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "study by Rahayu (2016) related to ecranisation in Disney’s Aladdin animation (1992) through Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis found that Disney’s Aladdin constructed a completely different social-political identity from the original folktale of Aladdin. Disney’s Aladdin animated film used an Arabic setting yet portrayed the American mind and values of freedom and heroism. It also adds elements of Western culture, such as the use of English and the inclusion of a romantic subplot.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 190,
"width": 471,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mulan's animation (in 1998 and its live-action version in 2020) shows that the portrayal of Mulan’s cultural identity within the film has greatly deviated from its original text. Zhao, Ang, and Toh (2020), entitled Hybridization of the Cultural Identity in Disney’s Mulan, examined Mulan’s cultural identity through Jameson’s proposed model of cultural identity. The research unearthed Disney's attempts to amplify Western cultures and values to cater to a global audience's expectations hitherto satiated by Hollywood extravagance's fanfare. Jameson’s model is useful for studying the hybridization of cultural identities, as hybridizing the international audience to accept a cultural product of mixed identities could also lead to the discontinuity or extinction of the culture of origin. Yin’s (2011) case study analyzes the process by which Disney appropriated the Chinese legend of Mulan into a “universal” classic and offers an interpretation of The Ballad of Mulan. This case study demonstrates that Disney’s appropriation simultaneously reinforced existing racial and gender ideologies by deprecating Chinese culture as an Oriental despotism and dissolving feminism into the cultural and racial hierarchy. Another finding is that the overriding theme of individualism in the Disney version, contrary to the original ballad, reflects the Chinese ethos of relationalism, filial piety, and loyalty and embraces an alternative form of feminism predicated on the Chinese preference for the collective.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 444,
"width": 471,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fatha, Adam, Manaku, and Tangkilisan (2021) study aimed to identify and describe cultural appropriations as culturally negative actions in Disney’s Moana. Moana is based on Polynesian cultures, such as depicting Pacific Islander gods and goddesses, traditional rituals, and using Pacific Islander-inspired music. The study was based on Rogers’ cultural appropriation view. This study categorized cultural appropriation into four types: cultural exchange, cultural dominance, cultural exploitation, and transculturation. Using the qualitative descriptive method, the study found four points of cultural appropriation, especially cultural exploitation in \"Moana,” which led to deviations in views towards the population's representatives and Polynesian beliefs. The elements of Western culture are shown through the use of English and the inclusion of a coming-of-age story.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 618,
"width": 471,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sutanto’s study (2022), entitled Southeast Asian Visual Culture in the Animated Film “Raya and The Last Dragon,” aimed to analyze the visual culture of Southeast Asia portrayed in the animated film Raya and The Last Dragon. Through documentation and observation, this qualitative study found that Raya and The Last Dragon display visual signs in the form of settings, costumes, and tools that are a fusion of Southeast Asian cultures. They were shown in characterizations, character visualization, and the visualization of promotional media for the movie. Even so, the study concluded that the movie does not offer a genuine representation of or properly reflects the visual culture of Southeast Asia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 29,
"width": 314,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Linguistic Transculturation in Raya and The Last Dragon Movie (Ratri Harida, Phoutsavad Vongphachan, Tomy Kartika Putra, & Adip Arifin)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "194",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 76,
"width": 471,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ad’hani’s research (2022), which aimed to analyze the types and meanings of idiomatic expressions found in Raya and The Last Dragon, found 58 data points of idiomatic expressions. This descriptive qualitative research with content analysis found only two out of four types of idiomatic expressions in Raya and The Last Dragon. The most frequently found were lexemic idioms up to 48 data points, consisting of verbal (24), nominal (12), adverbial (6), adjectival in nature (5), and phraseological idioms with 11 data points of idiomatic expressions. The writer did not find the types of proverbs and frozen idioms.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 188,
"width": 471,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study investigated Disney’s new animated movie Raya and the Last Dragon, which is claimed to be a Southeast Asian-inspired movie set in a fictional location inspired by all Southeast Asian areas. Directed by Don Hall and Carlos Lopez Estrada, it is made to show the realities of Southeast",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 235,
"width": 471,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asian life. According to Disney’s website, https://news.disney.com/southeast-Asia-culture-in-Raya-and-the-last-dragon, the movie makers formed a story trust of Southeast Asia cultural experts, including choreographers, musicians, linguists, architects, cultural experts, martial artists, and anthropologists, to ensure cultural authenticity. They also traveled to Laos, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Singapore to gain inspiration. The movie's critical, creative team itself consisted of people with Southeast Asian cultural backgrounds who shared and added important additional details to their life backgrounds. They tried to show detailed aspects of Southeast Asian cultures through commonalities. They attempted to get the small details right — like how the characters will take off their shoes before entering someone’s home or any sacred place — while speaking to more considerable cultural attributes. It portrays the values of family and community and the concept of the toughness of Southeast Asian women. Their claims of various familiar elements used by Southeast Asia in the film can provide a high possibility of linguistic transculturation. This study aims to identify linguistic transculturation strategies at semantic levels within Raya and The Last Dragon.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 499,
"width": 165,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MATERIALS AND METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 514,
"width": 471,
"height": 252,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This descriptive research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences to describe a phenomenon and its characteristics (Gall, Gall, & Borg, in Nassaji, 2015). This research is more concerned with what happened than how or why something happened. The sources of data in this research are taken from the movie, the movie script, and the articles in Raya and the Last Dragonncepts, opinions, or experiences to describe a phenomenon and its characteristics (Gall, Gall, & Borg, in Nassaji, 2015). This research is more concerned with what happened than how or why something happened. The data sources in this research are taken from the movie, the movie script, and the articles in Raya and the Last Dragon. The data source is the linguistic transculturation of spoken and written dialogue (scripts) at semantic levels. The researcher collected the data through the identification of semantic-pragmatic phenomena that indicate linguistic transculturation. Theoretical sampling, or confirmatory and disconfirming sampling, was used to perform data sampling; data collection ended when new linguistic transculturation features could no longer be identified. The data analysis used Miles and Huberman's (1994) techniques: the reduction of data, the display of data, and the conclusion/verification drawing. This study uses the content analysis technique because it describes and analyzes the contents of spoken and written dialogue",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 28,
"width": 191,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Lingua Idea Vol. 14, No. 2, December, pp.191-202 p-ISSN: 2086-1877 ; e-ISSN : 2580-1066 Website: http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jli/",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "195",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 95,
"width": 471,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "in Raya and The Last Dragon through enumeration processes such as calculating word frequency and qualitative assessment of semantic features showing linguistic transculturation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 147,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RESULTS & DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 158,
"width": 327,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Semantic Transculturation within the names of the characters",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 174,
"width": 471,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The findings are based on using language in Disney’s movie “Raya and the Last Dragon,” which provides evidence of transculturation. The semantic transculturation within the movie was shown in 1) the characters' names, 2) the use of words and phrases highly related to Southeast Asian cultures, and 3) the use of informal English contractions, slang, and suffixes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 238,
"width": 471,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The characters’ names are said to be derived from different Southeast Asian regions. Sisu/Sisudatu, Tuk Tuk, Benja, Namaari, Noi, Tong, Boun, Raya, Kumandra, Atittaya, Virana , and Dang Hai are the names of the characters in the movie. Raya is the name of the main character. She is the daughter of Benja, the chief of Heart. Her mare is Tuk Tuk . She befriends Sisudatu, the last dragon alive. Together with Boun from Tail, Noi from Talon, and Tong from Spine, they try to defeat the antagonist from the Fang, Namaari. Namaari’s mother is Virana, the Chief of Fang. General Atittaya is the general in Fang. Dang Hui is the chief of Talon. Other characters’ names are only stated in the movie, such as the names of Sisu’s family: Pengu, Jagan, Amba, and Pranee, as well as Serlot, Namaari’s cat. The ongis, Dyan, Pan, and Uka are Noi’s pets. The characters’ names had numerous possible origins, as in Table 1: Table 1. Raya and the Last Dragon characters’ names' possible meanings and origins",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 426,
"width": 423,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1. Raya and the Last Dragon characters’ names' possible meanings and origins No Name Possible Meaning Possible Origin 1 Sisu/Sisudatu Derived from the word sisu, meaning willpower, determination, strength Finland Derived from the word datu, meaning chief Philippines 2 Tuk Tuk Derived from the word the name of public transportation with three wheels Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand 3 Benja Son of My Right Hand. Spanish 4 Namaari A truly pure heart. Arabic 5 Noi \"small, little\" Thailand 6 Tong 彤 (tóng) meaning \"red, vermillion,\" 统 (tǒng)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 608,
"width": 228,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "meaning \"command, control, unite, unify,\" 同 or 仝",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 625,
"width": 212,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(tóng) meaning \"same, identical, together\" or 通",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 591,
"width": 392,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(tōng) meaning \"pass, travel, go through.\" China 7 Boun Happiness, prosperity, goodness Lao 8 Raya celebrate, great Indonesia hibiscus Malaysia 9 Kumandra Derived from the word chamendra, meaning king of the moon Sri Lanka 10 Atittaya Sun Thailand 11 Virana Derived from virani means alone India",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 29,
"width": 314,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Linguistic Transculturation in Raya and The Last Dragon Movie (Ratri Harida, Phoutsavad Vongphachan, Tomy Kartika Putra, & Adip Arifin)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "196",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 77,
"width": 72,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12 Dang Hai",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 77,
"width": 228,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Derived from the word dang, meaning rise, ascend,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 77,
"width": 398,
"height": 220,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "lamp, light, lantern, and the word hai meaning sea or ocean Vietnam 13 Pengu Derived from pan, meaning tray, pan, and from gu, meaning old, ancient China 14 Jagan Derived from jahgahnmay, meaning spread over the universe India 15 Amba mother India 16 Pranee Living being, one that breathes Thailand 17 Serlot Derived from sarolt, meaning white weasel, ermine Hungary 18 Dyan lantern Indonesia 19 Pan there Philippines Shepherd, protector Greek 20 Uka Derived from u meaning feathers, and ka, meaning song Japan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 300,
"width": 461,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In sum, the borrowed words are from Finland (1), the Philippines (1), Cambodia (1), Indonesia (3), Thailand (4), Spain, Arabic (1), China (3), India (2), Hungary (1), Greek (1), Japan (1), Lao (1), Malaysia (1), Sri Lanka (1), and Vietnam (5). There are 20 character names, of which 20% are supposedly derived from Western origin. Within the movie, the characters' names become the direct vehicle for transculturating Western (English) culture to Southeast Asian culture. The use of fewer highly related Southeast Asian words shows the transfer of Western (English) culture to Southeast Asian culture.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 427,
"width": 373,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Using words/phrases which are highly related to Southeast Asia cultures",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 443,
"width": 449,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Kumandran language was claimed to be a mixture of Southeast Asian languages, such as Thai, Vietnamese, and Javanese/Indonesian. Examples of the use of Southeast Asian language mixtures are:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 490,
"width": 328,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Datum 1 (00: 06: 43- 00: 07: 09) Raya : Hey, don’t beat yourself up too much, Chief Benja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 522,
"width": 109,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "You gave it your best.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 538,
"width": 457,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Chief Benja : (CHUCKLES) I won’t. And it’s either “Father” or “Ba” to you. You did good, dewdrop. You passed the test.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 570,
"width": 459,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The previous datum shows the use of the word “Ba” which means father in Vietnamese and Bahasa (Indonesia).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 602,
"width": 160,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Datum 2 (00: 33: 18- 00: 33: 28)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 617,
"width": 459,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Raya :Yeah, well, this one was easy, but the rest of them are being held by a bunch of no-good binturis. Namaari : Binturi? That’s not a very nice way to describe an old friend.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 665,
"width": 467,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Raya and Namaari use the words “binturi” which means enemy in Vietnamese. “Binturi” is said 7 times.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 697,
"width": 471,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The words Ba, Binturi, Dep La, and Toi are examples of words from Southeast Asian languages. “Dep la” is the Vietnamese word for “strangely beautiful,\" which later means \"friend\" in the movie. The other Vietnamese words used in the movie are Binturi, meaning enemy, and Toi, meaning oh, my\" or \"we're screwed. The number of Southeast Asia-related",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 28,
"width": 191,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Lingua Idea Vol. 14, No. 2, December, pp.191-202 p-ISSN: 2086-1877 ; e-ISSN : 2580-1066 Website: http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jli/",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "197",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 95,
"width": 471,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "words in the movie is far less than the use of English. The word “Ba” is said 22 times, “Dep la” is said 4 times, and “toi” is said 3 times.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 172,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The use of mantra/magical chant",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 158,
"width": 449,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Another finding of transculturation is the use of mantra/magical chant to revive Sisu: Datum 1 (00: 24: 40- 00: 24: 52)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 190,
"width": 121,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suvaa de draa sim Mandra de draa lim Bavaa de draa Tomben.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 254,
"width": 471,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Magical chants often involve the use of specific words, phrases, or incantations that are believed to have a particular effect or power. These chants may be recited during rituals, spellcasting, or other magical practices. As it is believed that the words used can invoke specific energies, communicate intentions to the spiritual realm, or establish a connection with supernatural forces, Raya was in the proper mental state as she recited the mantra (calm, pure, and steady, as well as intensely concentrated on the mantra and the divine power). Her mantra is not spoken aloud but rather whispered with lyrical pace, rhythm, and intonation. She seemed to put all her hope into it when she recited the mantra, as it was her last hope to save Kumandra and her father.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 396,
"width": 471,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Some chants may contain ancient words or phrases from sacred texts or mythologies, while others may include personal affirmations, invocations of deities, or symbolic language. The choice of words and their meaning is considered important because it is believed to shape the energy and intention behind the magical work. The mantra or magical chant in Datum 1 is chanted and performed through the use of deeply meaning dictions from Kumandran. Kumandran is said to be a mix of Thai, Vietnamese, and Javanese/Indonesian. Unfortunately, Disney gives no official meaning to the mantra or magical chant. The movie maker may use it only to emphasize the magical effect of Sisudatu’s revival scene. The movie did not show how Raya could have the mantra to revive Sisudatu. Whether she learned it by herself, by text, or from a guru, it was not clearly stated in the movie. Mantra or magical chant is subjective and can vary depending on an individual's beliefs and practices. Overall, the content of a magical chant contributes to the overall intention and purpose of the practitioner, helping to create a focused and meaningful magical work.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 618,
"width": 210,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The use of English informal contraction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 634,
"width": 471,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The transculturation of language is also done through the use of informal English contractions. Informal or colloquial contraction refers to the shortened form of a word or phrase that is commonly used in informal speech or writing. It involves combining two or more words by omitting certain letters or sounds and replacing them with an apostrophe ('), resulting in a more casual or conversational style of expression. It is often used to simplify or speed up speech, making it more efficient and informal. They are prevalent in everyday conversation and can vary across different regions and communities. These contractions are widely used to convey familiar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 29,
"width": 314,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Linguistic Transculturation in Raya and The Last Dragon Movie (Ratri Harida, Phoutsavad Vongphachan, Tomy Kartika Putra, & Adip Arifin)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "198",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 76,
"width": 471,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "or relaxed communication and are generally not appropriate for formal writing or professional settings. It is important to note that their usage depends on the context and audience. Datum 1: (00: 33: 31- 00: 33: 41)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 124,
"width": 410,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Namaari : What’s drippin’, dep la? Oh, I see you’ve finally made a new friend.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 140,
"width": 372,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "And here I was worried you were gonna end up becoming a cat lady like me.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 156,
"width": 471,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Namaari in the previous datum shows the use of the “gonna” is the informal contraction of the word “going to”. The word “gonna” appears 28 times within the movie.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 188,
"width": 163,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Datum 2: (00: 31: 17- 00: 31: 27)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 203,
"width": 350,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Raya : Please get out of there. Sisudatu : I’m a water dragon. This is water. It’s sort of my thing. You wanna come in? Raya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 251,
"width": 126,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": Someone could see you",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 267,
"width": 471,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sisudatu, in the previous datum shows that the use of the word “wanna” is an informal contraction of the word “want to”. Wanna appears 13 times in the movie. American English tends to use a more informal contraction in casual and informal settings. Another colloquial or informal contraction in the movie is “gotta,\" which appears twice. “Gotta” is the informal contraction of the words “got to”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 362,
"width": 127,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The use of English slang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 378,
"width": 471,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Slang is a semantic term that refers to the use of language that involves the alteration or reinterpretation of words and phrases to convey specific cultural or subcultural nuances. It often relies on wordplay, metaphor, and contextual understanding. Slang terms can vary in popularity and usage across different regions and communities. They can also change rapidly over time as new words and phrases emerge and old ones fall out of favor. Some slang terms may be considered taboo or offensive in certain contexts, highlighting the importance of understanding language use's cultural and social implications.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 489,
"width": 210,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Datum 1: (00: 31: 17- 00: 31: 27) Sisudatu : Aw. Hey there, little fella.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 521,
"width": 184,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(LAUGHS) This beetle’s got a booty.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 537,
"width": 454,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sisudatu said the word “booty” which is the US slang for the word buttock. It appears once throughout the movie dialogue.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 568,
"width": 157,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Datum 2: (00: 56: 30- 00:56:36)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 584,
"width": 451,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sisudatu : I’m not sure what’s funny. Tong : Your fear is like delectable nectar feeding the tum-tum of my soul. It’s good. Tastes like… (SNIFFS) mango.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 632,
"width": 419,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The slang word in the previous datum is tum-tum. It is the slang for the word stomach.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 648,
"width": 124,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tong said this only once.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 663,
"width": 470,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The other slang words found are nerd, jumpy, skippy, yeah, ya, buddy, guys, bud, bestie, and fella. Nerd is a noun in slang that refers to a boring or unpopular person, especially one obsessed with something specific, such as a computer nerd. It appears three times. Jumpy is slang from the word jump with the suffix -y to form the new meaning of crossing something by jumping. The suffix -y turns the verb jump into an adjective. Skippy is the slang from the word skip with the suffix -y, forming a new meaning for a person who likes to skip. The suffix -y turns the verb skip into a noun. Both jumpy and skippy appear only once throughout the dialog. Yeah, that is the slang for the word yes. It appears 30",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 28,
"width": 191,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Lingua Idea Vol. 14, No. 2, December, pp.191-202 p-ISSN: 2086-1877 ; e-ISSN : 2580-1066 Website: http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jli/",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "199",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 95,
"width": 471,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "times in the movie. Ya is the slang for the word you. This word appears twice. Buddy, guys, bud, bestie, and fella are the slangs of the word fellow\" or \"friend and are rooted in AAVE (African American Vernacular English). The word “buddy” appears 2 times, “guys” appears 5 times, “bud” appears 2 times, \"bestie,” and “fella” appears only once.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 154,
"width": 474,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "There are five slang phrases used in the movie. These phrases have become popular slang, especially among younger people. Examples in the movie:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 186,
"width": 174,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daatum 1: (00: 56: 03 – 00: 56: 17)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 201,
"width": 457,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tong : You two must be dung of brain to think you could steal Spine’s Dragon Gem. (CLANGS) Raya : Gem? (SCOFFS) Who said anything about gems? We have no interest in gems.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 265,
"width": 471,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The phrase dung of brain is the slang for the word stupid. Tong said it to mock Raya and Sisudatu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 297,
"width": 213,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Datum 2 : (00:56:36-00:56:44) Sisudatu : Oh. I love mango. Tong : Of course you love mango!",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 344,
"width": 176,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Only a tongue-less cretin wouldn’t.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 360,
"width": 471,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The word “buddy” appears 2 times, “guys” appears 5 times, “bud” appears 2 times, \"bestie,” and “fella” appears only once. Tong said tongue-less cretin refers to tasteless people who do not like the taste of mango.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 408,
"width": 471,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "When Namaari met Raya in the Tail Cave, three other slang phrases are said. She greeted Raya by saying , “What’s drippin', dep la?” . What’s drippin' is a slang term that originated in African American Vernacular English (AAVE) and is often used to greet someone casually. When Raya and Sisu first meet, Sisu says, \"hey there, kiddo\" to Raya, which is a casual way of addressing someone. When Raya, Sisu, and Boun were making a plan, Boun said, \"cool, cool, cool\" to indicate that he understood and agreed with what was being discussed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 519,
"width": 167,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The use of English portmanteau",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 535,
"width": 471,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In the movie Raya and the Last Dragon, there are three portmanteau words, which are words that are created by blending two or more words. Portmanteau for example, is often used in popular culture to create new terms that reflect the themes or concepts of a particular work. In Raya and the Last Dragon, these words help to build a unique and immersive world that is full of adventure and excitement. Here are a few examples:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 614,
"width": 163,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Datum 1: (00: 36: 00- 00: 36: 15) Boun",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 630,
"width": 295,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": (WHIZZING) Welcome to the world-famous Shrimp-orium. My name is Boun. I’ll be your server today Would you like to hear our daily specials? Sisudatu : Yes, please!",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 709,
"width": 196,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "We got shrimp, we got congee. We got a shrimp congee that won’t quit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 29,
"width": 314,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Linguistic Transculturation in Raya and The Last Dragon Movie (Ratri Harida, Phoutsavad Vongphachan, Tomy Kartika Putra, & Adip Arifin)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "200",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 76,
"width": 471,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The word shrimp-orium combines the noun shrimp with the suffix \"-orium,\" which means place or room. Together, they refer to a place that sells many kinds of shrimp-based cuisine. The word shrimp-orium appears three times.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 124,
"width": 163,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Datum 2: (01: 14: 54- 01: 15: 11)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 140,
"width": 471,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Boun : I know what you mean. I have this really obnoxious sister who always tousles my hair. (CHUCKLES SOFTLY) I can’t wait to see her the most.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 188,
"width": 471,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tong : After we win the day, I look forward to filling my eyeball with the joytastic image of my village full again.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 219,
"width": 471,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Joytastic combines the noun joy with the suffix -tastic taken from the adjective \"fantastic,\" to show the elevated level of happiness within. The word “joytastic” only appears once.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 267,
"width": 471,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The last portmanteau is the word Druun-proof. Druun- proof combines the noun “Druun” with the noun “proof” to show that Boun’s ship can prevent the evil Druun from reaching them. The word “Druun- proof” only appears once too. The portmanteau helps to create a more vivid and immersive world for readers to enjoy.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 346,
"width": 192,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The use of English compound words",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 362,
"width": 471,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "There are four examples of compound words in \"Raya and the Last Dragon,\" which are words that are made up of two or more separate words. Compound words are often used in the English language to create new words with specific meanings. They help to create a unique and imaginative world. Some examples are:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 425,
"width": 356,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Datum 1: (01: 02: 53- 01: 02: 56) (CON-BABY MUMBLING) (GEM RINGING) Tong : I, too, wish to join this fellowship of Druun butt-kickery!",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 489,
"width": 471,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Butt-kickery uses the suffix –ery in addition to the verb butt-kick to denote the actions. This words appears only once in the movie.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 537,
"width": 166,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Datum 2: (01: 05: 13 -01: 05: 15)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 552,
"width": 39,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Boun",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 552,
"width": 264,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": Tong will follow up with his giant axe of bad-axery.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 568,
"width": 126,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(TONG EXCLAIMING)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 584,
"width": 265,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "And then come to the ongis and that crazy con-baby…",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 600,
"width": 471,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bad- axery uses the suffix –ery in addition to the noun axe to denote the actions. This word also appears once in the movie.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 632,
"width": 471,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Another example is the Dragon Gem. This is the gem that Raya and Sisu are trying to find in order to save their world. This compound word is said 16 times. The last compound word is Druun . This is the name of the dark, destructive force that threatens Kumandra. It's a compound word made up of \"dark\" and \"ruin.\" This word appears the most in the movie (19 times).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 28,
"width": 191,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Lingua Idea Vol. 14, No. 2, December, pp.191-202 p-ISSN: 2086-1877 ; e-ISSN : 2580-1066 Website: http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jli/",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "201",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 95,
"width": 84,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 111,
"width": 471,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Raya and the Last Dragon is a movie that shows linguistic transculturation through the use of the character’s name, words, and phrases that relate to South Asian culture, mantra/magical chants, and the use of informal contractions, slangs, portmanteau, and compound words. This movie uses mostly Vietnamese for naming the characters (5). Wanna is this movie's most frequently used informal contraction (15 times). Yeah , the slang for the word yes appears 30 times. The movie has 5 phase-slangs, three portmanteau, and 4 compound words. Since this animated movie targets a younger audience, Raya and the Last Dragon does not have a significant amount of English slang. The portmanteau words used in Raya and the Last Dragon help to bring its unique world to life. The compound words in the movie helped establish the unique vocabulary and world-building in Raya and the Last Dragon. The effectiveness of a mantra or magical chant within this movie is placed more on the rhythm since no official meaning is given.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 301,
"width": 471,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study only focuses on the linguistic transculturation of one Disney movie as the research subject. This movie uses Southeast Asian semantic features in the characters’ names and mantra/magical chant within the movie dialogue. The use of informal English contractions, slang, portmanteau, and compound within this movie becomes the evidence for the transculturation of Western to Southeast Asian culture. The linguistic transculturation in the movie is fairly straightforward and accessible to all audiences. The study of another linguistic transculturation level will provide challenging goals for the other researchers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 426,
"width": 84,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 452,
"width": 470,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ad’hani, Nurma Zuhri Ana. (2022). An Analysis of Idiomatic Expressions Found in Raya and The Last Dragon Movie. Walisongo State Islamic University: Semarang [internet] Unpulished Script. https://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/18648/1/Skripsi_1703046107_Nurma_Zuhri_Ana_Ad_Hani.pdf",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 500,
"width": 471,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al-Argat, A. F., (2022). Cultural inclusion in language teaching. [Internet] Al-Asmariya University https://portal.arid.my/Community/9cfef04c-0df8-498f-9b3e-324c64b62d95.docx",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 538,
"width": 471,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anders, P. (2019). Getting a bigger picture: Teaching film in transcultural societies. Film Education Journal , 2 (2). https://doi.org/10.18546/fej.02.2.05",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 575,
"width": 471,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bu, Xiao-yan. (2012). An Intercultural Interpretation of Kung Fu Panda-From the Perspective of Transculturation 9 (1): 878- 885",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 613,
"width": 471,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Eid, M. (2021). Transculturation in a Changing Arab World: Engaging Contexts in Conversation. In Cultural Production and Social Movements after the Arab Spring. I.B. Tauris.[internet] https://doi.org/10.5040/9780755634217.ch-001",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 664,
"width": 471,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fatha, N., Adam, M., Manaku, R. A., &Tangkilisan, S. (2021). Cultural appropriation of polynesian portrayed in Moana movie. In Notion: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture (Vol. 3, Issue 2). http://doi.org/notion.v3i2.4885",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 716,
"width": 370,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://news.disney.com/southeast-Asia-culture-in-Raya-and-the-last-dragon",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 29,
"width": 314,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Linguistic Transculturation in Raya and The Last Dragon Movie (Ratri Harida, Phoutsavad Vongphachan, Tomy Kartika Putra, & Adip Arifin)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 787,
"width": 19,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "202",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 76,
"width": 471,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Knecht, J. (2019). Transcultural learning in foreign language education and global citizenship [internet] Bachelor Thesis",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 90,
"width": 467,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.thelaosexperience.com/wp- content/uploads/2021/01/Julia-Knecht-2019-Transcultural-learning.pdf",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 128,
"width": 471,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komalawati, E. (2014). Transkulturasi dalam Film Indonesia: Representasi Identitas Subkultur Generasi Muda Pada Film Indonesia. Interact , 3 (2), 51 – 68",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 165,
"width": 470,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Quallitative Data Analysis: A Method Sourcebook (3rd Ed.). Sage Publication.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 203,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nassaji, H., (2015). Qualitative and descriptive research: Data type versus data analysis Language Teaching Research. 19 (2): 129–132",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 238,
"width": 471,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Puspitasari, D. G., Sabana, S., & Ahmad, H. A. (2016). The Cultural Identity of Nusantara in a Movie Entitled Sang Pencerah by HanungBramantyo. Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education , 16 (1), 57. https://doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v16i1.6768",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 290,
"width": 456,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahayu, M. (2016). Identity politics in Aladdin: from Arabian Nights to Disney animated film .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 313,
"width": 471,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Smithikrai, C. (2016). Effectiveness of Teaching with Movies to Promote Positive Characteristics and Behaviors. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 217 , 522–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2016.02.033",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 365,
"width": 471,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sutanto, S. M. (2022). Southeast Asian Visual Culture in the Animated Film “Raya and The Last Dragon.” Lekesan: Interdisciplinary Journal of Asia Pacific Arts Journal Homepage LEKESAN:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 392,
"width": 470,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Interdisciplinary Journal of Asia Pacific Arts , 5 (2), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.31091/lekesan.v5i2.2089",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 430,
"width": 471,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yin, J. (2011). Popular Culture and Public Imaginary: Disney vs. Chinese Stories of Mulan. Javnost - The Public , 18 (1), 53–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2011.11009051",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 467,
"width": 471,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zhao, M., Ang, H. L., and Toh, C. H., (2020). Hybridization of the Cultural Identity in Disney’s Mulan. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies . 9 (5): 27–37. Richtmann Publishing Ltd. [internet] https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0083",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
595ee731-93e7-24a5-3cec-942d8be0ccb6 | http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/imaji/article/download/6718/5774 | [
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 809,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) 118 119",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "hal ini merupakan akibat dari kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang manfaat pendidikan seni.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 134,
"width": 357,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Demikian pula, Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi (2005: 100) menyatakan bahwa pendidikan seni di Indonesia masih dipandang kurang penting dan bahkan terabaikan. Permasalahan mendasar tersebut memberikan dampak pada lemahnya pelaksanaan pendidikan seni di lapangan. Para pelaksana pendidikan seni pada umumnya tidak begitu memperhatikan konsep-konsep yang melandasi pendidikan seni dan hanya menyelesaikan pembelajaran seni di kelas secara praktis. Kelemahan pelaksanaan pendidikan seni antara lain terdapat pada aspek penilaian hasil belajar. Penilaian hasil belajar yang dilakukan baru terfokus pada aspek kognitif dan aspek psikomotor, sehingga penilaian ranah afektif masih terabaikan. Mengingat pentingnya aspek afektif dalam pendidikan seni, seharusnya penilaian afektif juga menjadi bagian penting dari penilaian pendidikan seni.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 281,
"width": 358,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam pendidikan seni rupa, penilaian afektif berkaitan dengan pembelajaran apresiasi seni rupa. Apresiasi seni rupa adalah pengenalan dan penghayatan terhadap karya seni rupa. Di jenjang pendidikan dasar dan menengah siswa diperkenalkan kepada berbagai bentuk karya seni rupa, baik yang berasal dari Nusantara maupun dari mancanegara. Tujuan utama pembelajaran apresiasi seni rupa adalah mengembangkan sensitivitas dan penghargaan siswa terhadap karya seni rupa. Namun demikian, penilaian yang terkait dengan tujuan pembelajaran afektif ini belum tampak dilakukan. Tes apresiasi seni rupa yang dilakukan pada umumnya baru terbatas pada aspek kognitif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 402,
"width": 358,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penilaian afektif merupakan kebutuhan yang mendesak dalam pelaksanaan penilaian hasil belajar seni di sekolah. Hal ini sesuai dengan Penjelasan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan, Pasal 22 Ayat (1), yang berbunyi ”Penilaian hasil pembelajaran mencakup aspek kognitif, psikomotorik, dan/atau afektif sesuai dengan karakteristik mata pelajaran” (Peraturan Pemerintah, 2005: 80) . Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, untuk melaksanakan penilaian afektif dalam pendidikan seni rupa, pertama-tama perlu dilakukan pengembangan instrumen pengukuran afektif. Instrumen pengukuran afektif ini khususnya digunakan untuk mengukur tanggapan siswa terhadap karya seni rupa. Tanggapan terhadap karya seni rupa ini disebut respons estetik ( aesthetic response ) (Papa, 2006: 3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 563,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Untuk mengukur respons estetik tersebut, diperlukan instrumen pengukuran nontes. Jenis instrumen yang memenuhi keperluan tersebut adalah semantic differential , yang dikembangkan oleh Osgood, Suci, dan Tannenbaum. Dalam penelitian ini, semantic differential diterapkan untuk mengukur respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Sehubungan dengan hal itu, diajukan pertanyaan penelitian sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Bagaimana prosedur pengembangan instrumen pengukuran estetik yang valid dan reliabel dengan menggunakan semantic differential untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 147,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2. Bagaimana karakteristik instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan berdasarkan analisis faktor?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 174,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "3. Sejauh mana reliabilitas instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 201,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Sejauh mana instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan memiliki sensitivitas terhadap karakteristik karakteristik karya seni rupa?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 577,
"top": 241,
"width": 251,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sementara itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 254,
"width": 357,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Memperoleh instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 268,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pertama yang valid dan reliable dengan menggunakan semantic differential . 2. Mengungkap karakteristik instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan sesuai berdasarkan analisis faktor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 321,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "3. Mengungkap reliabilitas instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 348,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Mengungkap sensitivitas instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan terhadap karakteristik karya seni rupa?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 402,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "KAJIAN TEORI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 415,
"width": 357,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Suatu instrumen pengukuran harus memenuhi syarat validitas dan reliabilitas. Menurut Allen dan Yen (1979: 95), suatu tes dikatakan valid jika dapat mengukur apa yang seharusnya diukur. Secara umum terdapat tiga macam validitas, yaitu validitas isi ( content validity ), validitas kriteria ( creterion-related validity ), dan validitas konstruk ( construct validity ) (Kerlinger, 1986: 417). Untuk menguji validitas instrumen pengukuran afektif, dapat digunakan salah satu atau semua jenis validitas berikut: validitas isi, validitas konstruk, dan validitas kriteria (Fernandes, 1984: 73-74).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 522,
"width": 357,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Validitas isi dinilai melalui analisis rasional terhadap isi suatu tes dan penentuannya didasarkan pada penilaian subjektif dan individual (Allen dan Yen 1979: 95). Validitas isi biasanya diuji dengan penilaian personal oleh ahli di bidangnya. Validitas isi didasarkan pada keputusan penilaian (bersifat judgmental ). Validitas kriteria diteliti dengan membandingkan suatu tes atau skala dengan satu atau lebih ubahan-ubahan eksternal, atau kriteria yang dianggap mengukur kualitas yang diteliti (Kerlinger, 1986: 418). Validitas konstruk ( construct validity ) suatu tes adalah sejauh mana tes tersebut mengukur konstruk atau trait teoretik yang ingin diukur. Menurut Kerlinger (1986: 427) metode yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 84,
"width": 178,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ", Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "atau bahasa visual yang di dalamnya terkandung unsur-unsur dan struktur rupa seperti garis, bidang warna dan komposisi, untuk menyampaikan sebuah konsep, isi atau makna, atau pesan yang hendak disampaikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 147,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pesan yang disampaikan melalui media lukisan digolongkan menjadi dua macam, yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 174,
"width": 357,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Berupa lukisan representasional, penggambarannya mewakili bentuk-bentuk yang ada di alam, dan obyektif. Penggambaran secara realistik menggunakan simbol-simbol yang sudah akrab dengan bentuk yang ada di alam (ada kemiripan), sehingga masyarakat apresian mudah menangkap informasi atau pesan, yang disampaikan dan menangkap maknanya. 2. Bentuk lukisan non representasional, penggambaran ide-ide obyek idiil, melalui simbol-simbol garis bidang, warna yang disusun sedemikian rupa, sering kali masyarakat awam sulit untuk menangkap maknanya. Ini berarti komunikasi tidak dapat berjalan seperti yang diharapkan. Oleh karena itu, pelukis perlu kiranya menerapkan prinsip-prinsip komunikasi, dengan mengkondisikan faktor pendukung, dan dalam penciptaan bentuk berupa lambang diupayakan komunikatif atau diberikan penjelasan secara verbal untuk melengkapinya, sehingga pesan yang disampaikan sama dengan yang ditangkap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 362,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam pameran lukisan sebagai bentuk komunikasi, apresian akan membe- rikan tanggapan terhadap lukisan yang dipamerkan. Oleh karenanya, pesan yang ditangkap harus maksimal dan menarik baik dari segi karya yang ditampilkan maupun display karya, pencahayaan, musik serta hal-hal yang terkait dengan ceremonialnya. Penampilan optimal tersebut akan direspon secara baik oleh apre- sian, dan ini merupakan awal kesuksesan dalam proses komunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 456,
"width": 100,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 469,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sobur, Alex. 2003. Semiotika Komunikasi. Bandung, PT . Remaja Rosda Karya Bandung,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 496,
"width": 358,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Feldman, Edmund Burke. 1967. Art as Image and Idea. Prentice - Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Sahman, Humar. 1993 Mengenali Dunia Seni Rupa : Tentang Seni, Karya Seni, Aktivitas Kreatif, Apresiasi, Kritik dan Estetika. Semarang, IKIP Semarang Press Efendi, Onong Uchjana. 2003. Ilmu, Teori dan Filsafat Komunikasi. Bandung, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti. Soedarso Sp. 1990. Sejarah Perkembangan Seni Rupa Modern. Yogyakarta, Saku Dayar sana Sumbo Tinarbuko. 2008. Semiotika Komunikasi Visual. Yogyakarta, Jalasutra. Gie, The Liang. 1983. Garisbesar Estetik (Filsafat Keindahan).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 562,
"top": 107,
"width": 311,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PERTUNJUKAN FRAGMEN SUMILAKE PEDHUT KATANGGA DALAM RITUAL BATHOK BOLU",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 745,
"top": 119,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PADA MASYARAKAT",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 582,
"top": 132,
"width": 272,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "SAMBIROTO PURWOMARTANI KALASAN SLEMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 644,
"top": 157,
"width": 167,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Herlinah dan Titik Putraningsih FBS Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 710,
"top": 197,
"width": 33,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 577,
"top": 208,
"width": 300,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk pertunjukan Fragmen Sumilake Pedhut Katangga dalam upacara ritual bathok bolu di Desa Sambiroto- Purwomartani- Kalasan- Sleman. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sambiroto- Purwomartani- Kalasan- Sleman. Sebagai subyek penelitian adalah juru kunci Keraton Bathok Bolu , dan para sesepuh di Desa Sambiroto, serta dari Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Sleman. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan cara: studi pustaka, observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Pendekatan penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa, Pertunjukan fragmen sumilake pedhut katangga dalam upacara ritual bathok bolu dilaksanakan setiap setahun sekali pada tanggal sepuluh sura . Tradisi ini dilakukan dalam rangka bersih desa yang dilaksanakan di kraton kajiman alas katangga . Kesenian ini juga berfungsi sebagai apresiasi masyarakat, sebagai hiburan, sebagai presentasi estetis, penunjang ekonomi, dan sebagai identitas kekuasaan pemerintah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 577,
"top": 361,
"width": 274,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Kata Kunci: fragmen sumilake pedhut katangga , seni ritual, dan seni tontonan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 384,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 397,
"width": 357,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Kebudayaan adalah hasil karya manusia dalam kehidupan bermasayakat yang dicetuskan sesudah melalui suatu proses belajar (Koentjaraningrat, 2000: 1). Pendapat tersebut memiliki makna bahwa perwujudan kebudayaan merupakan system kegiatan perilaku warga masyarakat sebagai pendukungnya. Salah satu wujud dari kebudayaan adalah kesenian. Kesenian sebagai bagian dari kebudayaan memiliki sifat dan hakikat yang sama yaitu universal, stabil, dinamis, dan juga menentukan jalannya kehidupan manusia. Kesenian sebagai unsur kebudayaan mrupakan hasil ekspresi manusia yang mengandung nilai keindahan. Kesenian adalah hasil kemampuan, kegiatan daya, rasa, dan karsa manusia sehingga wajar bila ia tumbuh dan berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan kreativitas masyarakatnya. Yang paling penting, setiap wujud kesenian memiliki ciri-ciri khusus sesuai dengan situasi dan lokasi di mana seni tersebut berada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 558,
"width": 357,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Hal tersebut di atas sesuai dengan apa yang dikatakan Kayam (1981:39) bahwa: Kesenian tidak pernah berdiri lepas dari masyarakatnya. Sebagai salah satu bagian yang penting dari kebudayaan, kesenian adalah ungkapan kreativitas dari kebudayaan itu sendiri. Masyarakat yang menyangga kebudayaan dan dengan demikian juga kesenian mencipta, memberi peluang untuk bergerak, memelihara, menularkan, mengembangkan untuk kemudian menciptakan kebudayaan baru lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 83,
"width": 237,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "142 , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 719,
"top": 660,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "143",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "atau bahasa visual yang di dalamnya terkandung unsur-unsur dan struktur rupa seperti garis, bidang warna dan komposisi, untuk menyampaikan sebuah konsep, isi atau makna, atau pesan yang hendak disampaikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 147,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pesan yang disampaikan melalui media lukisan digolongkan menjadi dua macam, yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 174,
"width": 357,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Berupa lukisan representasional, penggambarannya mewakili bentuk-bentuk yang ada di alam, dan obyektif. Penggambaran secara realistik menggunakan simbol-simbol yang sudah akrab dengan bentuk yang ada di alam (ada kemiripan), sehingga masyarakat apresian mudah menangkap informasi atau pesan, yang disampaikan dan menangkap maknanya. 2. Bentuk lukisan non representasional, penggambaran ide-ide obyek idiil, melalui simbol-simbol garis bidang, warna yang disusun sedemikian rupa, sering kali masyarakat awam sulit untuk menangkap maknanya. Ini berarti komunikasi tidak dapat berjalan seperti yang diharapkan. Oleh karena itu, pelukis perlu kiranya menerapkan prinsip-prinsip komunikasi, dengan mengkondisikan faktor pendukung, dan dalam penciptaan bentuk berupa lambang diupayakan komunikatif atau diberikan penjelasan secara verbal untuk melengkapinya, sehingga pesan yang disampaikan sama dengan yang ditangkap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 362,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam pameran lukisan sebagai bentuk komunikasi, apresian akan membe- rikan tanggapan terhadap lukisan yang dipamerkan. Oleh karenanya, pesan yang ditangkap harus maksimal dan menarik baik dari segi karya yang ditampilkan maupun display karya, pencahayaan, musik serta hal-hal yang terkait dengan ceremonialnya. Penampilan optimal tersebut akan direspon secara baik oleh apre- sian, dan ini merupakan awal kesuksesan dalam proses komunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 456,
"width": 100,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 469,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sobur, Alex. 2003. Semiotika Komunikasi. Bandung, PT . Remaja Rosda Karya Bandung,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 496,
"width": 358,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Feldman, Edmund Burke. 1967. Art as Image and Idea. Prentice - Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Sahman, Humar. 1993 Mengenali Dunia Seni Rupa : Tentang Seni, Karya Seni, Aktivitas Kreatif, Apresiasi, Kritik dan Estetika. Semarang, IKIP Semarang Press Efendi, Onong Uchjana. 2003. Ilmu, Teori dan Filsafat Komunikasi. Bandung, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti. Soedarso Sp. 1990. Sejarah Perkembangan Seni Rupa Modern. Yogyakarta, Saku Dayar sana Sumbo Tinarbuko. 2008. Semiotika Komunikasi Visual. Yogyakarta, Jalasutra. Gie, The Liang. 1983. Garisbesar Estetik (Filsafat Keindahan).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 562,
"top": 107,
"width": 311,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PERTUNJUKAN FRAGMEN SUMILAKE PEDHUT KATANGGA DALAM RITUAL BATHOK BOLU",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 745,
"top": 119,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PADA MASYARAKAT",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 582,
"top": 132,
"width": 272,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "SAMBIROTO PURWOMARTANI KALASAN SLEMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 644,
"top": 157,
"width": 167,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Herlinah dan Titik Putraningsih FBS Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 710,
"top": 197,
"width": 33,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 577,
"top": 208,
"width": 300,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk pertunjukan Fragmen Sumilake Pedhut Katangga dalam upacara ritual bathok bolu di Desa Sambiroto- Purwomartani- Kalasan- Sleman. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sambiroto- Purwomartani- Kalasan- Sleman. Sebagai subyek penelitian adalah juru kunci Keraton Bathok Bolu , dan para sesepuh di Desa Sambiroto, serta dari Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Sleman. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan cara: studi pustaka, observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Pendekatan penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa, Pertunjukan fragmen sumilake pedhut katangga dalam upacara ritual bathok bolu dilaksanakan setiap setahun sekali pada tanggal sepuluh sura . Tradisi ini dilakukan dalam rangka bersih desa yang dilaksanakan di kraton kajiman alas katangga . Kesenian ini juga berfungsi sebagai apresiasi masyarakat, sebagai hiburan, sebagai presentasi estetis, penunjang ekonomi, dan sebagai identitas kekuasaan pemerintah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 577,
"top": 361,
"width": 274,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Kata Kunci: fragmen sumilake pedhut katangga , seni ritual, dan seni tontonan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 384,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 397,
"width": 357,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Kebudayaan adalah hasil karya manusia dalam kehidupan bermasayakat yang dicetuskan sesudah melalui suatu proses belajar (Koentjaraningrat, 2000: 1). Pendapat tersebut memiliki makna bahwa perwujudan kebudayaan merupakan system kegiatan perilaku warga masyarakat sebagai pendukungnya. Salah satu wujud dari kebudayaan adalah kesenian. Kesenian sebagai bagian dari kebudayaan memiliki sifat dan hakikat yang sama yaitu universal, stabil, dinamis, dan juga menentukan jalannya kehidupan manusia. Kesenian sebagai unsur kebudayaan mrupakan hasil ekspresi manusia yang mengandung nilai keindahan. Kesenian adalah hasil kemampuan, kegiatan daya, rasa, dan karsa manusia sehingga wajar bila ia tumbuh dan berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan kreativitas masyarakatnya. Yang paling penting, setiap wujud kesenian memiliki ciri-ciri khusus sesuai dengan situasi dan lokasi di mana seni tersebut berada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 558,
"width": 357,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Hal tersebut di atas sesuai dengan apa yang dikatakan Kayam (1981:39) bahwa: Kesenian tidak pernah berdiri lepas dari masyarakatnya. Sebagai salah satu bagian yang penting dari kebudayaan, kesenian adalah ungkapan kreativitas dari kebudayaan itu sendiri. Masyarakat yang menyangga kebudayaan dan dengan demikian juga kesenian mencipta, memberi peluang untuk bergerak, memelihara, menularkan, mengembangkan untuk kemudian menciptakan kebudayaan baru lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 83,
"width": 237,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "142 , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 719,
"top": 660,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "143",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 574,
"top": 109,
"width": 297,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PERTUNJUKAN FRAGMEN SUMILAKE PEDHUT KATANGGA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 589,
"top": 121,
"width": 159,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "DALAM RITUAL BATHOK BOLU",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 748,
"top": 121,
"width": 110,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PADA MASYARAKAT",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 592,
"top": 134,
"width": 259,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "SAMBIROTO PURWOMARTANI KALASAN SLEMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 592,
"top": 159,
"width": 231,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Herlinah dan Titik Putraningsih Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 690,
"top": 193,
"width": 35,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 579,
"top": 204,
"width": 303,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "This study is aimed at identifying the performance form of Sumilake Pedhut Katangga Fragment in the ritual art Bathok Bolu in Sambiroto village, Purwomartani Kalasan Sleman, where the research was conducted. The subject of the research was the guard of Bathok Bolu Palace, and the senior fi gures of the village and staff from Tourism Bureau of Sleman regency. The research data were taken through library research, observation, documentation and interview. The approach used was qualitative. The result shows that the fragment performance in the ritual ceremony Bathok Bolu is performed on the tenth of Sura annually. The tradition is held for the sake of bersih desa in Kajiman Alas Katangga Palace. This functions as social appreciation, entertainment, aesthetic presentation, economic support, and identity of governmental power.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 579,
"top": 340,
"width": 284,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Keywords: Sumilake Pedhut Katangga fragment, ritual art and performance art",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "atau bahasa visual yang di dalamnya terkandung unsur-unsur dan struktur rupa seperti garis, bidang warna dan komposisi, untuk menyampaikan sebuah konsep, isi atau makna, atau pesan yang hendak disampaikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 147,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pesan yang disampaikan melalui media lukisan digolongkan menjadi dua macam, yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 174,
"width": 357,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Berupa lukisan representasional, penggambarannya mewakili bentuk-bentuk yang ada di alam, dan obyektif. Penggambaran secara realistik menggunakan simbol-simbol yang sudah akrab dengan bentuk yang ada di alam (ada kemiripan), sehingga masyarakat apresian mudah menangkap informasi atau pesan, yang disampaikan dan menangkap maknanya. 2. Bentuk lukisan non representasional, penggambaran ide-ide obyek idiil, melalui simbol-simbol garis bidang, warna yang disusun sedemikian rupa, sering kali masyarakat awam sulit untuk menangkap maknanya. Ini berarti komunikasi tidak dapat berjalan seperti yang diharapkan. Oleh karena itu, pelukis perlu kiranya menerapkan prinsip-prinsip komunikasi, dengan mengkondisikan faktor pendukung, dan dalam penciptaan bentuk berupa lambang diupayakan komunikatif atau diberikan penjelasan secara verbal untuk melengkapinya, sehingga pesan yang disampaikan sama dengan yang ditangkap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 362,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam pameran lukisan sebagai bentuk komunikasi, apresian akan membe- rikan tanggapan terhadap lukisan yang dipamerkan. Oleh karenanya, pesan yang ditangkap harus maksimal dan menarik baik dari segi karya yang ditampilkan maupun display karya, pencahayaan, musik serta hal-hal yang terkait dengan ceremonialnya. Penampilan optimal tersebut akan direspon secara baik oleh apre- sian, dan ini merupakan awal kesuksesan dalam proses komunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 456,
"width": 100,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 469,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sobur, Alex. 2003. Semiotika Komunikasi. Bandung, PT . Remaja Rosda Karya Bandung,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 496,
"width": 358,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Feldman, Edmund Burke. 1967. Art as Image and Idea. Prentice - Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Sahman, Humar. 1993 Mengenali Dunia Seni Rupa : Tentang Seni, Karya Seni, Aktivitas Kreatif, Apresiasi, Kritik dan Estetika. Semarang, IKIP Semarang Press Efendi, Onong Uchjana. 2003. Ilmu, Teori dan Filsafat Komunikasi. Bandung, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti. Soedarso Sp. 1990. Sejarah Perkembangan Seni Rupa Modern. Yogyakarta, Saku Dayar sana Sumbo Tinarbuko. 2008. Semiotika Komunikasi Visual. Yogyakarta, Jalasutra. Gie, The Liang. 1983. Garisbesar Estetik (Filsafat Keindahan).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 562,
"top": 107,
"width": 311,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PERTUNJUKAN FRAGMEN SUMILAKE PEDHUT KATANGGA DALAM RITUAL BATHOK BOLU",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 745,
"top": 119,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PADA MASYARAKAT",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 582,
"top": 132,
"width": 272,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "SAMBIROTO PURWOMARTANI KALASAN SLEMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 644,
"top": 157,
"width": 167,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Herlinah dan Titik Putraningsih FBS Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 710,
"top": 197,
"width": 33,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 577,
"top": 208,
"width": 300,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk pertunjukan Fragmen Sumilake Pedhut Katangga dalam upacara ritual bathok bolu di Desa Sambiroto- Purwomartani- Kalasan- Sleman. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sambiroto- Purwomartani- Kalasan- Sleman. Sebagai subyek penelitian adalah juru kunci Keraton Bathok Bolu , dan para sesepuh di Desa Sambiroto, serta dari Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Sleman. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan cara: studi pustaka, observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Pendekatan penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa, Pertunjukan fragmen sumilake pedhut katangga dalam upacara ritual bathok bolu dilaksanakan setiap setahun sekali pada tanggal sepuluh sura . Tradisi ini dilakukan dalam rangka bersih desa yang dilaksanakan di kraton kajiman alas katangga . Kesenian ini juga berfungsi sebagai apresiasi masyarakat, sebagai hiburan, sebagai presentasi estetis, penunjang ekonomi, dan sebagai identitas kekuasaan pemerintah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 577,
"top": 361,
"width": 274,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Kata Kunci: fragmen sumilake pedhut katangga , seni ritual, dan seni tontonan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 384,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 397,
"width": 357,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Kebudayaan adalah hasil karya manusia dalam kehidupan bermasayakat yang dicetuskan sesudah melalui suatu proses belajar (Koentjaraningrat, 2000: 1). Pendapat tersebut memiliki makna bahwa perwujudan kebudayaan merupakan system kegiatan perilaku warga masyarakat sebagai pendukungnya. Salah satu wujud dari kebudayaan adalah kesenian. Kesenian sebagai bagian dari kebudayaan memiliki sifat dan hakikat yang sama yaitu universal, stabil, dinamis, dan juga menentukan jalannya kehidupan manusia. Kesenian sebagai unsur kebudayaan mrupakan hasil ekspresi manusia yang mengandung nilai keindahan. Kesenian adalah hasil kemampuan, kegiatan daya, rasa, dan karsa manusia sehingga wajar bila ia tumbuh dan berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan kreativitas masyarakatnya. Yang paling penting, setiap wujud kesenian memiliki ciri-ciri khusus sesuai dengan situasi dan lokasi di mana seni tersebut berada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 558,
"width": 357,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Hal tersebut di atas sesuai dengan apa yang dikatakan Kayam (1981:39) bahwa: Kesenian tidak pernah berdiri lepas dari masyarakatnya. Sebagai salah satu bagian yang penting dari kebudayaan, kesenian adalah ungkapan kreativitas dari kebudayaan itu sendiri. Masyarakat yang menyangga kebudayaan dan dengan demikian juga kesenian mencipta, memberi peluang untuk bergerak, memelihara, menularkan, mengembangkan untuk kemudian menciptakan kebudayaan baru lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 83,
"width": 237,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "142 , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 719,
"top": 660,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "143",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 809,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) 118 119",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "hal ini merupakan akibat dari kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang manfaat pendidikan seni.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 134,
"width": 357,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Demikian pula, Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi (2005: 100) menyatakan bahwa pendidikan seni di Indonesia masih dipandang kurang penting dan bahkan terabaikan. Permasalahan mendasar tersebut memberikan dampak pada lemahnya pelaksanaan pendidikan seni di lapangan. Para pelaksana pendidikan seni pada umumnya tidak begitu memperhatikan konsep-konsep yang melandasi pendidikan seni dan hanya menyelesaikan pembelajaran seni di kelas secara praktis. Kelemahan pelaksanaan pendidikan seni antara lain terdapat pada aspek penilaian hasil belajar. Penilaian hasil belajar yang dilakukan baru terfokus pada aspek kognitif dan aspek psikomotor, sehingga penilaian ranah afektif masih terabaikan. Mengingat pentingnya aspek afektif dalam pendidikan seni, seharusnya penilaian afektif juga menjadi bagian penting dari penilaian pendidikan seni.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 281,
"width": 358,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam pendidikan seni rupa, penilaian afektif berkaitan dengan pembelajaran apresiasi seni rupa. Apresiasi seni rupa adalah pengenalan dan penghayatan terhadap karya seni rupa. Di jenjang pendidikan dasar dan menengah siswa diperkenalkan kepada berbagai bentuk karya seni rupa, baik yang berasal dari Nusantara maupun dari mancanegara. Tujuan utama pembelajaran apresiasi seni rupa adalah mengembangkan sensitivitas dan penghargaan siswa terhadap karya seni rupa. Namun demikian, penilaian yang terkait dengan tujuan pembelajaran afektif ini belum tampak dilakukan. Tes apresiasi seni rupa yang dilakukan pada umumnya baru terbatas pada aspek kognitif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 402,
"width": 358,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penilaian afektif merupakan kebutuhan yang mendesak dalam pelaksanaan penilaian hasil belajar seni di sekolah. Hal ini sesuai dengan Penjelasan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan, Pasal 22 Ayat (1), yang berbunyi ”Penilaian hasil pembelajaran mencakup aspek kognitif, psikomotorik, dan/atau afektif sesuai dengan karakteristik mata pelajaran” (Peraturan Pemerintah, 2005: 80) . Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, untuk melaksanakan penilaian afektif dalam pendidikan seni rupa, pertama-tama perlu dilakukan pengembangan instrumen pengukuran afektif. Instrumen pengukuran afektif ini khususnya digunakan untuk mengukur tanggapan siswa terhadap karya seni rupa. Tanggapan terhadap karya seni rupa ini disebut respons estetik ( aesthetic response ) (Papa, 2006: 3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 563,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Untuk mengukur respons estetik tersebut, diperlukan instrumen pengukuran nontes. Jenis instrumen yang memenuhi keperluan tersebut adalah semantic differential , yang dikembangkan oleh Osgood, Suci, dan Tannenbaum. Dalam penelitian ini, semantic differential diterapkan untuk mengukur respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Sehubungan dengan hal itu, diajukan pertanyaan penelitian sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Bagaimana prosedur pengembangan instrumen pengukuran estetik yang valid dan reliabel dengan menggunakan semantic differential untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 147,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2. Bagaimana karakteristik instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan berdasarkan analisis faktor?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 174,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "3. Sejauh mana reliabilitas instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 201,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Sejauh mana instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan memiliki sensitivitas terhadap karakteristik karakteristik karya seni rupa?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 577,
"top": 241,
"width": 251,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sementara itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 254,
"width": 357,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Memperoleh instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 567,
"top": 268,
"width": 325,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pertama yang valid dan reliable dengan menggunakan semantic differential .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 281,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2. Mengungkap karakteristik instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan sesuai berdasarkan analisis faktor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 321,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "3. Mengungkap reliabilitas instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 348,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Mengungkap sensitivitas instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan terhadap karakteristik karya seni rupa?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 402,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "KAJIAN TEORI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 415,
"width": 357,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Suatu instrumen pengukuran harus memenuhi syarat validitas dan reliabilitas. Menurut Allen dan Yen (1979: 95), suatu tes dikatakan valid jika dapat mengukur apa yang seharusnya diukur. Secara umum terdapat tiga macam validitas, yaitu validitas isi ( content validity ), validitas kriteria ( creterion-related validity ), dan validitas konstruk ( construct validity ) (Kerlinger, 1986: 417). Untuk menguji validitas instrumen pengukuran afektif, dapat digunakan salah satu atau semua jenis validitas berikut: validitas isi, validitas konstruk, dan validitas kriteria (Fernandes, 1984: 73-74).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 522,
"width": 357,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Validitas isi dinilai melalui analisis rasional terhadap isi suatu tes dan penentuannya didasarkan pada penilaian subjektif dan individual (Allen dan Yen 1979: 95). Validitas isi biasanya diuji dengan penilaian personal oleh ahli di bidangnya. Validitas isi didasarkan pada keputusan penilaian (bersifat judgmental ). Validitas kriteria diteliti dengan membandingkan suatu tes atau skala dengan satu atau lebih ubahan-ubahan eksternal, atau kriteria yang dianggap mengukur kualitas yang diteliti (Kerlinger, 1986: 418). Validitas konstruk ( construct validity ) suatu tes adalah sejauh mana tes tersebut mengukur konstruk atau trait teoretik yang ingin diukur. Menurut Kerlinger (1986: 427) metode yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 809,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ", Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132 Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) 118 119",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "hal ini merupakan akibat dari kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang manfaat pendidikan seni.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 134,
"width": 357,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Demikian pula, Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi (2005: 100) menyatakan bahwa pendidikan seni di Indonesia masih dipandang kurang penting dan bahkan terabaikan. Permasalahan mendasar tersebut memberikan dampak pada lemahnya pelaksanaan pendidikan seni di lapangan. Para pelaksana pendidikan seni pada umumnya tidak begitu memperhatikan konsep-konsep yang melandasi pendidikan seni dan hanya menyelesaikan pembelajaran seni di kelas secara praktis. Kelemahan pelaksanaan pendidikan seni antara lain terdapat pada aspek penilaian hasil belajar. Penilaian hasil belajar yang dilakukan baru terfokus pada aspek kognitif dan aspek psikomotor, sehingga penilaian ranah afektif masih terabaikan. Mengingat pentingnya aspek afektif dalam pendidikan seni, seharusnya penilaian afektif juga menjadi bagian penting dari penilaian pendidikan seni.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 281,
"width": 358,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam pendidikan seni rupa, penilaian afektif berkaitan dengan pembelajaran apresiasi seni rupa. Apresiasi seni rupa adalah pengenalan dan penghayatan terhadap karya seni rupa. Di jenjang pendidikan dasar dan menengah siswa diperkenalkan kepada berbagai bentuk karya seni rupa, baik yang berasal dari Nusantara maupun dari mancanegara. Tujuan utama pembelajaran apresiasi seni rupa adalah mengembangkan sensitivitas dan penghargaan siswa terhadap karya seni rupa. Namun demikian, penilaian yang terkait dengan tujuan pembelajaran afektif ini belum tampak dilakukan. Tes apresiasi seni rupa yang dilakukan pada umumnya baru terbatas pada aspek kognitif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 402,
"width": 358,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penilaian afektif merupakan kebutuhan yang mendesak dalam pelaksanaan penilaian hasil belajar seni di sekolah. Hal ini sesuai dengan Penjelasan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan, Pasal 22 Ayat (1), yang berbunyi ”Penilaian hasil pembelajaran mencakup aspek kognitif, psikomotorik, dan/atau afektif sesuai dengan karakteristik mata pelajaran” (Peraturan Pemerintah, 2005: 80) . Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, untuk melaksanakan penilaian afektif dalam pendidikan seni rupa, pertama-tama perlu dilakukan pengembangan instrumen pengukuran afektif. Instrumen pengukuran afektif ini khususnya digunakan untuk mengukur tanggapan siswa terhadap karya seni rupa. Tanggapan terhadap karya seni rupa ini disebut respons estetik ( aesthetic response ) (Papa, 2006: 3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 563,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Untuk mengukur respons estetik tersebut, diperlukan instrumen pengukuran nontes. Jenis instrumen yang memenuhi keperluan tersebut adalah semantic differential , yang dikembangkan oleh Osgood, Suci, dan Tannenbaum. Dalam penelitian ini, semantic differential diterapkan untuk mengukur respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Sehubungan dengan hal itu, diajukan pertanyaan penelitian sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Bagaimana prosedur pengembangan instrumen pengukuran estetik yang valid dan reliabel dengan menggunakan semantic differential untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 147,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2. Bagaimana karakteristik instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan berdasarkan analisis faktor?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 174,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "3. Sejauh mana reliabilitas instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 201,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Sejauh mana instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan memiliki sensitivitas terhadap karakteristik karakteristik karya seni rupa?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 577,
"top": 241,
"width": 251,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sementara itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 254,
"width": 357,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Memperoleh instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 567,
"top": 268,
"width": 325,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pertama yang valid dan reliable dengan menggunakan semantic differential .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 281,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2. Mengungkap karakteristik instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan sesuai berdasarkan analisis faktor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 321,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "3. Mengungkap reliabilitas instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 348,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Mengungkap sensitivitas instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang dikembangkan terhadap karakteristik karya seni rupa?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 402,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "KAJIAN TEORI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 415,
"width": 357,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Suatu instrumen pengukuran harus memenuhi syarat validitas dan reliabilitas. Menurut Allen dan Yen (1979: 95), suatu tes dikatakan valid jika dapat mengukur apa yang seharusnya diukur. Secara umum terdapat tiga macam validitas, yaitu validitas isi ( content validity ), validitas kriteria ( creterion-related validity ), dan validitas konstruk ( construct validity ) (Kerlinger, 1986: 417). Untuk menguji validitas instrumen pengukuran afektif, dapat digunakan salah satu atau semua jenis validitas berikut: validitas isi, validitas konstruk, dan validitas kriteria (Fernandes, 1984: 73-74).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 522,
"width": 357,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Validitas isi dinilai melalui analisis rasional terhadap isi suatu tes dan penentuannya didasarkan pada penilaian subjektif dan individual (Allen dan Yen 1979: 95). Validitas isi biasanya diuji dengan penilaian personal oleh ahli di bidangnya. Validitas isi didasarkan pada keputusan penilaian (bersifat judgmental ). Validitas kriteria diteliti dengan membandingkan suatu tes atau skala dengan satu atau lebih ubahan-ubahan eksternal, atau kriteria yang dianggap mengukur kualitas yang diteliti (Kerlinger, 1986: 418). Validitas konstruk ( construct validity ) suatu tes adalah sejauh mana tes tersebut mengukur konstruk atau trait teoretik yang ingin diukur. Menurut Kerlinger (1986: 427) metode yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 84,
"width": 178,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ", Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "120",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 889,
"top": 83,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "121",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 287,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "digunakan untuk meneliti validitas konstruk adalah analisis faktor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 120,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Reliabilitas juga disebut sebagai dependabilitas, stabilitas, konsistensi, prediktabilitas, atau akurasi. Reliabilitas dan dependabilitas menunjukkan suatu pengukuran yang dapat diandalkan atau dapat dipercaya. Stabilitas, konsistensi, dan prediktabilitas menunjukkan pengukuran yang tidak relatif berubah-ubah, sehingga dapat diprediksi hasilnya. Prediktabilitas menunjukkan pengukuran yang dapat diduga (Kerlinger, 1986: 407).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 201,
"width": 358,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Salah satu pendekatan dasar untuk mengukur reliabilitas adalah stabilitas. Stabilitas diperoleh dengan mengkorelasikan skor siswa dari dua kali pelaksanaan tes, dengan korelasi intraklas ( interclass correlation ). Estimasi reliabilitas didefinisikan sebagai perbandingan (rasio) antara true score variance dengan observed variance (Nachmias & Nachmias, 1981: 148). Menurut Borg dan Gall (1983: 284), reliabilitas tes-retes disebut koefisien stabilitas ( coefficient of stability ). Reliabilitas tes-retes sangat cocok untuk tes yang mengukur trait (sifat), misalnya tes untuk mengukur ketajaman pengamatan visual dan auditori (Allen dan Yen, 1979: 76-77). Jika digunakan untuk keputusan individual, batas minimum reliabilitas adalah 0,9, sedangkan untuk menarik kesimpulan tentang kelompok 0,5 (Fernandes, 1984: 73)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 348,
"width": 358,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "S emantic differential adalah salah satu bentuk instrumen pengukuran yang berbentuk skala, yang dikembangkan oleh Osgood, Suci, dan Tannenbaum. Instrumen ini juga digunakan untuk mengukur reaksi terhadap stimulus, kata-kata, dan konsep-konsep dan dapat disesuaikan untuk orang dewasa atau anak-anak dari budaya manapun juga (Heise, 2006: 1). Semantic differential digunakan untuk dua tujuan: (1) untuk mengukur secara objektif sifat-sifat semantik dari kata atau konsep dalam ruang semantik tiga dimensional dan (2) sebagai skala sikap yang memusatkan perhatian pada aspek afektif atau dimensi evaluatif (Issac dan Michael, 1984: 144-145). Osgood dkk (Issac dan Michael, 1984: 145) menemukan tiga dimensi atau faktor utama, yaitu dimensi evaluatif ( evaluative ) misalnya “bagus-jelek”, dimensi potensi misalnya “keras-lunak”, dan dimensi aktivitas misalnya “cepat-lambat”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 509,
"width": 357,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Analisis data untuk semantic differential yang khas adalah analisis faktor (Sytsma, 2006: 2). Analisis faktor menunjukkan berbagai macam teknik statistik yang memiliki tujuan umum menyajikan seperangkat ubahan dalam sejumlah kecil ubahan hipotetik (Kim dan Mueller, 1978: 8-12). Menurut Garson (2006: 2), ada dua jenis analisis faktor, yaitu analisis faktor eksploratori dan analisis faktor konfirmatori. Analisis faktor eksploratori berusaha menemukan struktur dasar yang melandasi sejumlah besar ubahan. Di sini tidak diperlukan teori sebelumnya dan muatan faktor digunakan untuk menentukan secara intuitif stuktur faktor dari data yang dianalisis. Analisis faktor konfirmatori bertujuan menetapkan apakah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "jumlah faktor dan muatan faktor dari ubahan-ubahan indikator pada faktor-faktor tersebut sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan, berdasarkan teori yang ditentukan sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 147,
"width": 357,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penyusunan suatu instrumen pengukuran harus mempertimbangkan perkembangan siswa. Siswa SMP memiliki usia sekitar 12 tahun sampai 15 tahun. Menurut Piaget (Woolfolk & McCune-Nicolich, 1984: 60), anak usia 11 sampai 15 tahun termasuk pada tahap formal operasional. Ciri-ciri anak usia ini antara lain mampu memecahkan masalah abstrak secara logis dan berpikir ilmiah. Dalam periodisasi perkembangan seni rupa, siswa SMP termasuk dalam tahap pseudo- naturalistik. Pada tahap ini siswa telah memiliki perhatian terhadap warna dan ciri- ciri desain (Lowenfeld & Brittain, 1975: 310). Pada tahap ini, siswa juga telah memiliki kesadaran tentang keindahan (Lowenfeld & Brittain, 1975: 323). Lansing (1976: 185), sejak umur 11 tahun, anak memasuki tahap keputusan artistik ( artistic decision stage ). Pada tahap ini anak telah memahami bahwa seni rupa merupakan proyeksi pikiran dan perasaan. Hal ini berarti bahwa ia juga mampu merespon karya orang lain dengan sensitivitas yang sama. Ia telah dapat menikmati pengalaman estetik. Ia cenderung menyukai seni rupa yang naturalistik, tetapi mampu mengapresiasi bentuk-bentuk seni rupa yang lain. Selanjutnya, menurut Lansing (1976: 306-308), sejak Kelas VII siswa telah memiliki kesadaran dan perhatian terhadap estetika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 375,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Mengukur respons estetik siswa merupakan upaya untuk mengetahui kemampuan afektif siswa. Anak dapat diminta untuk merespon beberapa lukisan dengan tema yang berbeda-beda untuk mengetahui apakah responsnya juga akan berbeda-beda, antara lain kualitas afektif, yaitu perasaan terhadap lukisan itu dan unsur-unsur desain, warna, garis, bentuk, tekstur, dan ruang dan hubungan- hubungannya (McFee, 1970: 291-292).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 455,
"width": 357,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Selain valid dan reliabel, instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa harus memiliki sensitivitas terhadap karakteristik karya seni rupa. Karya seni rupa memiliki unsur tema dan gaya. Tema dapat diartikan sebagai stimulus yang menjadi sumber pikiran dan perasaan yang diungkapkan seniman (Ocvirk dkk, 1982: 10). Menurut Chapman (Humar Sahman, 1993: 41-50), gaya adalah kemiripan dalam kelompok di antara karya-karya seni rupa yang ditandai dengan sifat-sifat umum yang dimiliki bersama. Gaya juga dapat diartikan sebagai cara berkarya dan pendekatan teknis tertentu dalam penciptaan seni rupa (Feldman, 1967: 138). Oleh seniman, tema diperlakukan secara bertingkat-tingkat yang secara umum dapat menjadi tiga tingkatan yaitu representasional, abstrak, dan nonobjektif (Cleaver, 1966: 29).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 603,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Menurut Ocvirk dkk. (1962: 10), tema juga berarti topik atau motif suatu karya seni rupa. Tema hampir selalu dijumpai pada karya seni rupa, meskipun karya seni rupa itu bergaya abstrak, yaitu karya seni rupa yang menggambarkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 84,
"width": 719,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "masyarakat apresian lebih mudah menangkap informasi melalui tanda atau simbol yang sudah akrab dan terlibat di dalamnya, dan ini sering terlihat dalam realitas kehidupan sehari-hari. Hal ini akan berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan lukisan non representasional, yang bentuk visualisasinya menggunakan tanda atau simbol yang sifatnya individual dan subyektif. Maka, di dalam berkomunikasi diperlukan sejumlah pengetahuan yang memadai tentang siapa target sasaran yang akan dituju, dan bagaimana cara sebaik-baiknya berkomunikasi dengan mereka. Semakin baik dan lengkap pemahamannya terhadap hal-hal tersebut, maka akan semakin mudah untuk menciptakan bahasa visual yang komunikatif, agar tujuan komunikasi dapat berhasil dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 255,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "FAKTOR PENDUKUNG DAN PENGHAMBAT DALAM PROSES KOMUNIKASI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 281,
"width": 358,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Membahas lebih lanjut masalah tujuan komunikasi agar tercapai seperti yang diharapkan, atau suatu pesan dapat membangkitkan tanggapan seperti yang dikehendaki, menurut Wilbur Schramm yang dikutip oleh Onong Uchjana Effendy (2003 : 41), terdapat beberapa hal yang harus dikondisikan. Kondisi tersebut dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 348,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Pesan harus dirancang dan disampaikan sedemikian rupa, sehingga dapat menarik perhatian komunikan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 375,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2. Pesan harus menggunakan lambang-lambang tertuju kepada pengalaman yang sama antara komunikator dan komunikan, sehingga sama-sama mengerti.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 402,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "3. Pesan harus membangkitkan kebutuhan pribadi komunikan, dan menyarankan beberapa cara untuk memperoleh kebutuhan tersebut.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 429,
"width": 358,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Pesan harus menyarankan suatu jalan untuk memperoleh kebutuhan tadi yang layak bagi situasi kelompok dimana komunikan berada pada saat ia digerakkan untuk memberikan tanggapan yang dikehendaki.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 469,
"width": 358,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dari pendapat tersebut, dapat diperjelas dengan uraian sebagai berikut: Butir 1 : Bagi penulis, perlu ide-ide kreatif dan kebaruan (novelty) baik dari segi tema, bentuk, bahan, dan teknik yang ditampilkan. Kebaruan inilah yang menjadi menarik untuk dilihat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 522,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Butir 2 : Dalam dunia seni lukis, terdapat dua bentuk penyampaian (penggambaran), yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 549,
"width": 309,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "a. Lukisan representatif, yang menyampaikan pesan melalui bentuk realistik, sifat penggambarannya seperti senyatanya, alam sebagai patokan, obyektif, dan terdapat salah benar. Oleh karenanya, ketika pelukis menggambarkan obyek-obyek yang hasilnya tidak sesuai dengan yang terdapat di alam, maka dianggap salah, kurang persis atau tidak berhasil. Lambang atau tanda yang digunakan, baik komunikator dan komunikan terdapat kesamaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 610,
"top": 107,
"width": 298,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "b. Lukisan non representative, yang bentuk lukisannya abstrak (pengabstraksian bentuk atau non figuratif), bentuk visualnya berupa lambang, subyektif, maka perlu adanya tafsir-tafsir terhadap pesan yang berupa simbol atau tanda yang diciptakan. Oleh karenanya, untuk lukisan abstrak tersebut perlu penjelasan secara verbal untuk melengkapinya, agar pesan yang disampaikan sama seperti yang ditangkap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 201,
"width": 357,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Butir 3 : Dalam lukisan, pesan yang dapat membangkitkan kebutuhan pribadi pada umumnya adalah mengandung nilai-nilai yang sifatnya universal, yaitu: lukisan sifatnya komunikatif, indah, terkait dengan nilai-nilai kebenaran, kebaikan, dan pendidikan. Secara khusus, karya harus kreatif dan mengandung nilai kebaruan, baik dari segi tema, bentuk, maupun tekniknya. Misalnya: dari segi tema, menyampaikan hal-hal yang aktual dan humanis. Sebagai contoh: Tema pemilu 2009, masalah cinta, pemanasan global, dan sebagainya. Dari segi bentuk, melahirkan bentuk-bentuk baru yang belum pernah ada sebelumnya. Sedangkan teknik, menggunakan multimedia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 335,
"width": 358,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Butir 4 : Melalui pameran lukisan, apresian akan memberikan tanggapan terhadap lukisan yang dipamerkan. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan persiapan yang matang dalam menampilkan karya-karya lukisannya, baik dari karyanya sendiri, tema harus aktual dan kreatif. Penyajiannya sempurna, dari display karya, tata cahaya dan acara yang terkait dengan ceremonialnya. Sehingga, pesan yang luar biasa dalam penyelenggaraan pameran lukisan dapat ditangkap atau direspon secara baik oleh apresian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 442,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Empat faktor yang disebutkan di atas, secara umum merupakan suatu kondisi yang perlu diperhatikan oleh komunikator agar tujuan komunikasi dapat berjalan secara baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 482,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Adapun bagi komunikan atau apresiator agar komunikasi berjalan secara baik, maka yang perlu diperhatikan adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 509,
"width": 229,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Ia dapat benar-benar mengerti pesan komunikasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 522,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2. Pada saat ia mengambil keputusan, ia sadar bahwa keputusannya itu sesuai dengan tujuannya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 549,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "3. Pada saat ia mengambil keputusan ia sadar bahwa keputusannya itu bersangkutan dengan kepentingan pribadinya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 576,
"width": 288,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Ia mampu untuk menepatinya baik secara mental maupun fisik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 603,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 616,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dari uraian bab-bab sebelumnya, maka dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pelukis sebagai individu membutuhkan berkomunikasi dengan manusia di luar dirinya. Melalui bentuk signifikan dalam lukisan yang merupakan wujud simbol",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 83,
"width": 814,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "141 140 , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142 Bentuk Sebagai Media Komunikasi..... (Djoko Maruto)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "masyarakat apresian lebih mudah menangkap informasi melalui tanda atau simbol yang sudah akrab dan terlibat di dalamnya, dan ini sering terlihat dalam realitas kehidupan sehari-hari. Hal ini akan berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan lukisan non representasional, yang bentuk visualisasinya menggunakan tanda atau simbol yang sifatnya individual dan subyektif. Maka, di dalam berkomunikasi diperlukan sejumlah pengetahuan yang memadai tentang siapa target sasaran yang akan dituju, dan bagaimana cara sebaik-baiknya berkomunikasi dengan mereka. Semakin baik dan lengkap pemahamannya terhadap hal-hal tersebut, maka akan semakin mudah untuk menciptakan bahasa visual yang komunikatif, agar tujuan komunikasi dapat berhasil dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 255,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "FAKTOR PENDUKUNG DAN PENGHAMBAT DALAM PROSES KOMUNIKASI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 281,
"width": 358,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Membahas lebih lanjut masalah tujuan komunikasi agar tercapai seperti yang diharapkan, atau suatu pesan dapat membangkitkan tanggapan seperti yang dikehendaki, menurut Wilbur Schramm yang dikutip oleh Onong Uchjana Effendy (2003 : 41), terdapat beberapa hal yang harus dikondisikan. Kondisi tersebut dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 348,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Pesan harus dirancang dan disampaikan sedemikian rupa, sehingga dapat menarik perhatian komunikan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 375,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2. Pesan harus menggunakan lambang-lambang tertuju kepada pengalaman yang sama antara komunikator dan komunikan, sehingga sama-sama mengerti.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 402,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "3. Pesan harus membangkitkan kebutuhan pribadi komunikan, dan menyarankan beberapa cara untuk memperoleh kebutuhan tersebut.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 429,
"width": 358,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Pesan harus menyarankan suatu jalan untuk memperoleh kebutuhan tadi yang layak bagi situasi kelompok dimana komunikan berada pada saat ia digerakkan untuk memberikan tanggapan yang dikehendaki.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 469,
"width": 358,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dari pendapat tersebut, dapat diperjelas dengan uraian sebagai berikut: Butir 1 : Bagi penulis, perlu ide-ide kreatif dan kebaruan (novelty) baik dari segi tema, bentuk, bahan, dan teknik yang ditampilkan. Kebaruan inilah yang menjadi menarik untuk dilihat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 522,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Butir 2 : Dalam dunia seni lukis, terdapat dua bentuk penyampaian (penggambaran), yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 549,
"width": 309,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "a. Lukisan representatif, yang menyampaikan pesan melalui bentuk realistik, sifat penggambarannya seperti senyatanya, alam sebagai patokan, obyektif, dan terdapat salah benar. Oleh karenanya, ketika pelukis menggambarkan obyek-obyek yang hasilnya tidak sesuai dengan yang terdapat di alam, maka dianggap salah, kurang persis atau tidak berhasil. Lambang atau tanda yang digunakan, baik komunikator dan komunikan terdapat kesamaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 610,
"top": 107,
"width": 298,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "b. Lukisan non representative, yang bentuk lukisannya abstrak (pengabstraksian bentuk atau non figuratif), bentuk visualnya berupa lambang, subyektif, maka perlu adanya tafsir-tafsir terhadap pesan yang berupa simbol atau tanda yang diciptakan. Oleh karenanya, untuk lukisan abstrak tersebut perlu penjelasan secara verbal untuk melengkapinya, agar pesan yang disampaikan sama seperti yang ditangkap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 201,
"width": 357,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Butir 3 : Dalam lukisan, pesan yang dapat membangkitkan kebutuhan pribadi pada umumnya adalah mengandung nilai-nilai yang sifatnya universal, yaitu: lukisan sifatnya komunikatif, indah, terkait dengan nilai-nilai kebenaran, kebaikan, dan pendidikan. Secara khusus, karya harus kreatif dan mengandung nilai kebaruan, baik dari segi tema, bentuk, maupun tekniknya. Misalnya: dari segi tema, menyampaikan hal-hal yang aktual dan humanis. Sebagai contoh: Tema pemilu 2009, masalah cinta, pemanasan global, dan sebagainya. Dari segi bentuk, melahirkan bentuk-bentuk baru yang belum pernah ada sebelumnya. Sedangkan teknik, menggunakan multimedia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 335,
"width": 358,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Butir 4 : Melalui pameran lukisan, apresian akan memberikan tanggapan terhadap lukisan yang dipamerkan. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan persiapan yang matang dalam menampilkan karya-karya lukisannya, baik dari karyanya sendiri, tema harus aktual dan kreatif. Penyajiannya sempurna, dari display karya, tata cahaya dan acara yang terkait dengan ceremonialnya. Sehingga, pesan yang luar biasa dalam penyelenggaraan pameran lukisan dapat ditangkap atau direspon secara baik oleh apresian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 442,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Empat faktor yang disebutkan di atas, secara umum merupakan suatu kondisi yang perlu diperhatikan oleh komunikator agar tujuan komunikasi dapat berjalan secara baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 482,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Adapun bagi komunikan atau apresiator agar komunikasi berjalan secara baik, maka yang perlu diperhatikan adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 509,
"width": 229,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Ia dapat benar-benar mengerti pesan komunikasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 522,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2. Pada saat ia mengambil keputusan, ia sadar bahwa keputusannya itu sesuai dengan tujuannya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 549,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "3. Pada saat ia mengambil keputusan ia sadar bahwa keputusannya itu bersangkutan dengan kepentingan pribadinya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 576,
"width": 288,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Ia mampu untuk menepatinya baik secara mental maupun fisik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 603,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 616,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dari uraian bab-bab sebelumnya, maka dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pelukis sebagai individu membutuhkan berkomunikasi dengan manusia di luar dirinya. Melalui bentuk signifikan dalam lukisan yang merupakan wujud simbol",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 83,
"width": 814,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "141 140 , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142 Bentuk Sebagai Media Komunikasi..... (Djoko Maruto) 120 121",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 287,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "digunakan untuk meneliti validitas konstruk adalah analisis faktor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 120,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Reliabilitas juga disebut sebagai dependabilitas, stabilitas, konsistensi, prediktabilitas, atau akurasi. Reliabilitas dan dependabilitas menunjukkan suatu pengukuran yang dapat diandalkan atau dapat dipercaya. Stabilitas, konsistensi, dan prediktabilitas menunjukkan pengukuran yang tidak relatif berubah-ubah, sehingga dapat diprediksi hasilnya. Prediktabilitas menunjukkan pengukuran yang dapat diduga (Kerlinger, 1986: 407).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 201,
"width": 358,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Salah satu pendekatan dasar untuk mengukur reliabilitas adalah stabilitas. Stabilitas diperoleh dengan mengkorelasikan skor siswa dari dua kali pelaksanaan tes, dengan korelasi intraklas ( interclass correlation ). Estimasi reliabilitas didefinisikan sebagai perbandingan (rasio) antara true score variance dengan observed variance (Nachmias & Nachmias, 1981: 148). Menurut Borg dan Gall (1983: 284), reliabilitas tes-retes disebut koefisien stabilitas ( coefficient of stability ). Reliabilitas tes-retes sangat cocok untuk tes yang mengukur trait (sifat), misalnya tes untuk mengukur ketajaman pengamatan visual dan auditori (Allen dan Yen, 1979: 76-77). Jika digunakan untuk keputusan individual, batas minimum reliabilitas adalah 0,9, sedangkan untuk menarik kesimpulan tentang kelompok 0,5 (Fernandes, 1984: 73)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 348,
"width": 358,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "S emantic differential adalah salah satu bentuk instrumen pengukuran yang berbentuk skala, yang dikembangkan oleh Osgood, Suci, dan Tannenbaum. Instrumen ini juga digunakan untuk mengukur reaksi terhadap stimulus, kata-kata, dan konsep-konsep dan dapat disesuaikan untuk orang dewasa atau anak-anak dari budaya manapun juga (Heise, 2006: 1). Semantic differential digunakan untuk dua tujuan: (1) untuk mengukur secara objektif sifat-sifat semantik dari kata atau konsep dalam ruang semantik tiga dimensional dan (2) sebagai skala sikap yang memusatkan perhatian pada aspek afektif atau dimensi evaluatif (Issac dan Michael, 1984: 144-145). Osgood dkk (Issac dan Michael, 1984: 145) menemukan tiga dimensi atau faktor utama, yaitu dimensi evaluatif ( evaluative ) misalnya “bagus-jelek”, dimensi potensi misalnya “keras-lunak”, dan dimensi aktivitas misalnya “cepat-lambat”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 509,
"width": 357,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Analisis data untuk semantic differential yang khas adalah analisis faktor (Sytsma, 2006: 2). Analisis faktor menunjukkan berbagai macam teknik statistik yang memiliki tujuan umum menyajikan seperangkat ubahan dalam sejumlah kecil ubahan hipotetik (Kim dan Mueller, 1978: 8-12). Menurut Garson (2006: 2), ada dua jenis analisis faktor, yaitu analisis faktor eksploratori dan analisis faktor konfirmatori. Analisis faktor eksploratori berusaha menemukan struktur dasar yang melandasi sejumlah besar ubahan. Di sini tidak diperlukan teori sebelumnya dan muatan faktor digunakan untuk menentukan secara intuitif stuktur faktor dari data yang dianalisis. Analisis faktor konfirmatori bertujuan menetapkan apakah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "jumlah faktor dan muatan faktor dari ubahan-ubahan indikator pada faktor-faktor tersebut sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan, berdasarkan teori yang ditentukan sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 147,
"width": 357,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penyusunan suatu instrumen pengukuran harus mempertimbangkan perkembangan siswa. Siswa SMP memiliki usia sekitar 12 tahun sampai 15 tahun. Menurut Piaget (Woolfolk & McCune-Nicolich, 1984: 60), anak usia 11 sampai 15 tahun termasuk pada tahap formal operasional. Ciri-ciri anak usia ini antara lain mampu memecahkan masalah abstrak secara logis dan berpikir ilmiah. Dalam periodisasi perkembangan seni rupa, siswa SMP termasuk dalam tahap pseudo- naturalistik. Pada tahap ini siswa telah memiliki perhatian terhadap warna dan ciri- ciri desain (Lowenfeld & Brittain, 1975: 310). Pada tahap ini, siswa juga telah memiliki kesadaran tentang keindahan (Lowenfeld & Brittain, 1975: 323). Lansing (1976: 185), sejak umur 11 tahun, anak memasuki tahap keputusan artistik ( artistic decision stage ). Pada tahap ini anak telah memahami bahwa seni rupa merupakan proyeksi pikiran dan perasaan. Hal ini berarti bahwa ia juga mampu merespon karya orang lain dengan sensitivitas yang sama. Ia telah dapat menikmati pengalaman estetik. Ia cenderung menyukai seni rupa yang naturalistik, tetapi mampu mengapresiasi bentuk-bentuk seni rupa yang lain. Selanjutnya, menurut Lansing (1976: 306-308), sejak Kelas VII siswa telah memiliki kesadaran dan perhatian terhadap estetika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 375,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Mengukur respons estetik siswa merupakan upaya untuk mengetahui kemampuan afektif siswa. Anak dapat diminta untuk merespon beberapa lukisan dengan tema yang berbeda-beda untuk mengetahui apakah responsnya juga akan berbeda-beda, antara lain kualitas afektif, yaitu perasaan terhadap lukisan itu dan unsur-unsur desain, warna, garis, bentuk, tekstur, dan ruang dan hubungan- hubungannya (McFee, 1970: 291-292).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 455,
"width": 357,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Selain valid dan reliabel, instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa harus memiliki sensitivitas terhadap karakteristik karya seni rupa. Karya seni rupa memiliki unsur tema dan gaya. Tema dapat diartikan sebagai stimulus yang menjadi sumber pikiran dan perasaan yang diungkapkan seniman (Ocvirk dkk, 1982: 10). Menurut Chapman (Humar Sahman, 1993: 41-50), gaya adalah kemiripan dalam kelompok di antara karya-karya seni rupa yang ditandai dengan sifat-sifat umum yang dimiliki bersama. Gaya juga dapat diartikan sebagai cara berkarya dan pendekatan teknis tertentu dalam penciptaan seni rupa (Feldman, 1967: 138). Oleh seniman, tema diperlakukan secara bertingkat-tingkat yang secara umum dapat menjadi tiga tingkatan yaitu representasional, abstrak, dan nonobjektif (Cleaver, 1966: 29).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 603,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Menurut Ocvirk dkk. (1962: 10), tema juga berarti topik atau motif suatu karya seni rupa. Tema hampir selalu dijumpai pada karya seni rupa, meskipun karya seni rupa itu bergaya abstrak, yaitu karya seni rupa yang menggambarkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 655,
"top": 84,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 84,
"width": 178,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ", Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 809,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "122 123",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "tema atau objek secara menyimpang dari kenyataan. Cleaver (1966: 29) mendefinisikan tema sebagai objek-objek (yang dapat dikenal) yang digambarkan oleh seniman. Tema merupakan semua objek yang terdapat di alam semesta, yaitu manusia, alam benda, tumbuh-tumbuhan, dan binatang. Objek-objek ini dapat digambarkan secara sendiri-sendiri maupun secara gabungan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 174,
"width": 357,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penelitian tentang respons estetik telah dilakukan oleh banyak peneliti. Hoege (1984: 40-41) misalnya meneliti tentang pengaruh emosi terhadap penilaian estetik ( aesthetic judgment ). Hoege menggunakan semantic differential yang terdiri atas 16 butir pasangan kata sifat untuk menilai reproduksi lukisan. Berdasarkan analisis faktor, Hoege menemukan bahwa konstruk penilaian estetik meliputi empat faktor, yaitu empati, emosi, aktivitas, dan kejelasan. Menurut hasil- hasil penelitian, gaya dan tema berpengaruh terhadap respons estetik siswa Newton (1989: 81-82) Selain itu, ditemukan pula bahwa tema dan gaya berpengaruh secara interaktif terhadap respons estetik siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 308,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 321,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model prosedural. Dalam penelitian ini instrumen pengukuran respons estetik yang dikembangkan berupa semantic differential dengan reproduksi (foto) lukisan sebagai objek tanggapan. Pengembangan instrumen ini meliputi langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: (1) pembuatan kisi-kisi, (2) penyusunan skala, (3) telaah dan perbaikan instrumen, (4) uji coba produk, dan (5) analisis hasil uji coba.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 402,
"width": 358,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Instrumen pengukuran ini diujicobakan terhadap 70 siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Yogyakarta tahun ajaran 2006/2007. Dalam uji coba ini siswa diminta untuk mengamati dan memberikan tanggapan terhadap 12 buah foto lukisan secara berturut-turut. Tanggapan siswa di sini diberikan dengan mengisi lembar tanggapan berupa semantic differential , dengan mengisi satu lembar tanggapan untuk masing-masing lukisan. Pengukuran respons estetik siswa ini dilakukan sebanyak dua kali dengan selang waktu satu minggu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 496,
"width": 357,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Analisis data dalam penelitian ini meliputi analisis kualitatif dan analisis kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan dengan kaji ulang terhadap instrumen yang dikembangkan oleh empat orang dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Seni Rupa FBS Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Analisis kuantitatif meliputi analisis faktor, analisis reliabilitas, dan analisis stabilitas (korelasi intraklas). Selain itu, dilakukan ANAVA dengan pengukuran ulang untuk mengetahui sensitivitas instrumen yang dikembangkan, yaitu menguji pengaruh faktor gaya dan tema terhadap respons estetik siswa. Seluruh analisis statistik ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS 10.0.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 110,
"width": 139,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 123,
"width": 358,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam kaji ulang, instrumen pengukuran respons estetik yang dikembangkan mengalami perbaikan baik dari segi isi, yaitu kesesuaian kata sifat bipolar dan stimulus lukisan dengan indikator respons estetik, serta konstruksi semantic differential . Hasil akhir instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa disajikan pada Gambar 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 190,
"width": 357,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Analisis faktor dilakukan untuk memperoleh struktur faktor dari instrumen yang dikembangkan. Dari hasil korelasi antarbutir diperoleh nilai determinan 0,002, sehingga dapat dilakukan proses komputasi analisis faktor. Untuk estimasi kecukupan sampel, KMO sampling adequacy menunjukkan nilai 0,80, yang berarti baik. Uji sferisitas ( Barlett's test of sphericity ) menunjukkan nilai chi- square = 396,564 ( db = 55), p < 0,01, yang berarti bahwa butir-butir tersebut bukan berasal dari populasi ubahan yang nonkolonier. Hasil estimasi komunalitas menunjukkan bahwa butir-butir instrumen pengukuran respons estetik ini memikili rata-rata komunalitas yang tinggi, yaitu 7,06, dan tidak ada butir instrumen yang memiliki komunalitas rendah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 580,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Analisis faktor menghasilkan tiga komponen atau faktor. Faktor pertama memiliki proporsi varians 28,639%, faktor kedua 22,076%, dan faktor ketiga 19,933%, sehingga secara kumulatif berjumlah 70.647%. Komponen atau faktor pertama pada matriks di atas mencakup butir 'tidak indah-indah', 'jelek-bagus',",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 591,
"top": 378,
"width": 40,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Terang Jelas Cemerlang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 588,
"top": 417,
"width": 43,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tidak indah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 588,
"top": 378,
"width": 259,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sederhana Tenang Luwes Tidak mirip Hidup Jelek Suka Gelap Kabur Kusam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 822,
"top": 417,
"width": 23,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Indah Rumit Kacau Kaku Mirip Mati",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 603,
"top": 354,
"width": 258,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Bagus Tidak suka X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 696,
"top": 338,
"width": 150,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "X LUKISAN NO.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 580,
"top": 537,
"width": 296,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Gambar 1. Semantik Differential untuk Mengukur Respons Estetik Siswa SMP",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 83,
"width": 751,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132 139",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 214,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Jika dilihat pada model komunikasi menurut Adler dan Rodman ini, pelukis sebagai orang yang mencoba menyampaikan gagasan. Gagasan yang ingin dikemukakan ini masih berupa gambaran mental, yang terdiri dari perasaan atau gagasan yang belum berupa rumusan simbol-simbol atau lambang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 267,
"width": 358,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Karena orang lain tidak dapat membaca pikiran dan perasaannya, maka perlu menterjemahkan bahasa mental tersebut ke dalam lambang yang dapat dimengerti orang lain. Proses penciptaan lambang disebut encoding. Lambang-lambang atau simbol yang merupakan pernyataan pikiran dan perasaan, disusun menjadi bentuk visual yang sekaligus merupakan media untuk menyampaikan pesan. Ketika pesan tersebut diterima oleh komunikan, maka komunikan harus memecahkan lambang ( decoding) yang diterimanya ke dalam perasaan, maksud, atau pikiran yang mempunyai suatu arti baginya. Dalam proses komunikasi, selain umpan balik (feedback) yang diperoleh dari orang lain (komunikan) sebagai reaksi dan penyampaian pesannya, diperoleh pula umpan balik dan pesan yang disampaikan sendiri (intra personal) baik secara kognitif maupun afektif. Secara idiil, gambaran mental antara komunikator dan komunikan harus sesuai, sehingga komunikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik meskipun pada kenyataannya yang sering dijumpai berbagai faktor yang melatarbelakangi ketidaksamaan pengalaman dari masing-masing dan penafsirannya terhadap arti atau makna dari lambang yang dihadapi, yang kemudian menimbulkan kesukaran atau hambatan dalam komunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 495,
"width": 358,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam teori komunikasi, lukisan sebagai bentuk visual yang berisikan tanda atau simbol-simbol yang merupakan penggambaran pesan yang hendak disampaikan. Tanda atau simbol yang berwujud kata atau gambar mempunyai dua aspek, yang ditangkap oleh indera kita disebut dengan signifier , bidang penanda atau bentuk, dan aspek lainnya yang disebut signified , bidang petanda atau konsep atau makna. Penanda terletak pada tingkatan ungkapan ( Level of Expression), dan merupakan bagian fisik seperti bunyi, huruf, kata, gambar, warna, obyek, dan sebagainya. Petanda terletak pada tingkatan isi atau gagasan ( Level of Content), dan apa yang diungkapkan melalui tingkatan ungkapannya. (Sumbo Tinarbuko, 2008 : 13). Hubungan antara kedua unsur tersebut melahirkan makna. Kedua hal tersebut merupakan satu kesatuan hubungan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Lukisan yang merupakan manifestasi ide, diekspresikan melalui bentuk- bentuk signifikan menggunakan garis, bidang, warna, pada bidang dua dimensional. Bentuk signifikan tersebut menyampaikan pesan melalui tanda atau simbol menggunakan bahasa garis, bentuk, warna, tekstur, gelap terang, atau obyek-obyek tertentu. Simbol dan tanda yang dihasilkan akan selalu mengacu, atau mewakili suatu hal (obyek/benda) yang sifatnya riil atau idiil. Misalnya: lukisan menggambarkan garis sudut menyudut tajam, kaku, dengan warna merah gelap sampai kuning dengan komposisi asimetrik balance, menyampaikan pesan tentang kekeringan, terik, gersang, panas, dan seterusnya. Begitu pula pada lukisan yang sifatnya realistik penggambaran wajah cerah, gemuk, segar, menggambarkan simbol (tanda) kebahagiaan, sehat, dan sebagainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 254,
"width": 357,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pesan yang disampaikan melalui bentuk visual menggunakan tanda/simbol yang mengacu pada hal mewakili, sehingga dalam benak yang melihat akan timbul pengertian. Tentang hal tersebut (informasi yang ditangkap) menurut Pierce, tanda (representamen) ialah sesuatu yang dapat mewakili sesuatu yang lain dalam batas tertentu. Tanda selalu mengacu ke sesuatu yang lain. Mengacu berarti mewakili atau menggantikan. Tanda baru dapat berfungsi bila diinterpretasikan dalam benak penerima tanda melalui pemahaman makna yang muncul dalam diri penerima tanda. Artinya, tanda baru dapat berfungsi sebagai tanda bila dapat ditangkap, dan pemahaman terjadi berkat pengetahuan tentang sistem tanda dalam suatu masyarakat (seni). Tanda dalam hubungannya dengan acuannya dibedakan menjadi tanda yang dikenal dengan ikon, indeks, dan simbol (Alex Sobur, 2003 : 35). Pierce dalam Berger (2000 : 14) yang dikutip oleh Alex Sobur (2003 : 34) menandakan bahwa tanda-tanda berkaitan dengan obyek-obyek yang menyerupainya, keberadaannya memiliki hubungan sebab-akibat dengan tanda- tanda atau karena ikatan konvensional dengan tanda-tanda tersebut. Ia menggunakan istilah ikon, untuk kesamaannya, indeks untuk hubungan sebab- akibat, dan simbol untuk asosiasi konvensional. Menurut Pierce, sebuah analisis tentang esensi tanda mengarah pada pembuktian bahwa setiap tanda ditentukan oleh obyeknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 509,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tanda baik ikon, indeks maupun simbol penting fungsinya untuk menangkap pesan yang diinformasikan melalui bentuk visual dari sebuah lukisan yang berupa obyek, dengan berbagai karakternya, pewarnaan yang digunakan, atau relasinya, komposisinya, serta bahan dan teknik yang digunakannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 562,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Seni lukis dalam penggolongannya dapat bersifat representasional dan non representasional. Lukisan representasional penggambarannya mewakili bentuk- bentuk yang ada di alam dan obyektif. Penggambaran obyek-obyeknya seperti yang ada atau terdapat di alam, sifatnya realistik. Oleh karenanya, untuk menyampaikan pesan melalui penggambaran bentuk-bentuk, lambang, ikon, atau tanda-tanda yang mewakili bentuk yang ada di alam (ada kemiripan), sehingga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 83,
"width": 814,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "138 , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142 Bentuk Sebagai Media Komunikasi..... (Djoko Maruto) Komunikator Pencipta Komunikan saluran saluran Pesan Pemecah 139",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 214,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Jika dilihat pada model komunikasi menurut Adler dan Rodman ini, pelukis sebagai orang yang mencoba menyampaikan gagasan. Gagasan yang ingin dikemukakan ini masih berupa gambaran mental, yang terdiri dari perasaan atau gagasan yang belum berupa rumusan simbol-simbol atau lambang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 267,
"width": 358,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Karena orang lain tidak dapat membaca pikiran dan perasaannya, maka perlu menterjemahkan bahasa mental tersebut ke dalam lambang yang dapat dimengerti orang lain. Proses penciptaan lambang disebut encoding. Lambang-lambang atau simbol yang merupakan pernyataan pikiran dan perasaan, disusun menjadi bentuk visual yang sekaligus merupakan media untuk menyampaikan pesan. Ketika pesan tersebut diterima oleh komunikan, maka komunikan harus memecahkan lambang ( decoding) yang diterimanya ke dalam perasaan, maksud, atau pikiran yang mempunyai suatu arti baginya. Dalam proses komunikasi, selain umpan balik (feedback) yang diperoleh dari orang lain (komunikan) sebagai reaksi dan penyampaian pesannya, diperoleh pula umpan balik dan pesan yang disampaikan sendiri (intra personal) baik secara kognitif maupun afektif. Secara idiil, gambaran mental antara komunikator dan komunikan harus sesuai, sehingga komunikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik meskipun pada kenyataannya yang sering dijumpai berbagai faktor yang melatarbelakangi ketidaksamaan pengalaman dari masing-masing dan penafsirannya terhadap arti atau makna dari lambang yang dihadapi, yang kemudian menimbulkan kesukaran atau hambatan dalam komunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 495,
"width": 358,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam teori komunikasi, lukisan sebagai bentuk visual yang berisikan tanda atau simbol-simbol yang merupakan penggambaran pesan yang hendak disampaikan. Tanda atau simbol yang berwujud kata atau gambar mempunyai dua aspek, yang ditangkap oleh indera kita disebut dengan signifier , bidang penanda atau bentuk, dan aspek lainnya yang disebut signified , bidang petanda atau konsep atau makna. Penanda terletak pada tingkatan ungkapan ( Level of Expression), dan merupakan bagian fisik seperti bunyi, huruf, kata, gambar, warna, obyek, dan sebagainya. Petanda terletak pada tingkatan isi atau gagasan ( Level of Content), dan apa yang diungkapkan melalui tingkatan ungkapannya. (Sumbo Tinarbuko, 2008 : 13). Hubungan antara kedua unsur tersebut melahirkan makna. Kedua hal tersebut merupakan satu kesatuan hubungan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Lukisan yang merupakan manifestasi ide, diekspresikan melalui bentuk- bentuk signifikan menggunakan garis, bidang, warna, pada bidang dua dimensional. Bentuk signifikan tersebut menyampaikan pesan melalui tanda atau simbol menggunakan bahasa garis, bentuk, warna, tekstur, gelap terang, atau obyek-obyek tertentu. Simbol dan tanda yang dihasilkan akan selalu mengacu, atau mewakili suatu hal (obyek/benda) yang sifatnya riil atau idiil. Misalnya: lukisan menggambarkan garis sudut menyudut tajam, kaku, dengan warna merah gelap sampai kuning dengan komposisi asimetrik balance, menyampaikan pesan tentang kekeringan, terik, gersang, panas, dan seterusnya. Begitu pula pada lukisan yang sifatnya realistik penggambaran wajah cerah, gemuk, segar, menggambarkan simbol (tanda) kebahagiaan, sehat, dan sebagainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 254,
"width": 357,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pesan yang disampaikan melalui bentuk visual menggunakan tanda/simbol yang mengacu pada hal mewakili, sehingga dalam benak yang melihat akan timbul pengertian. Tentang hal tersebut (informasi yang ditangkap) menurut Pierce, tanda (representamen) ialah sesuatu yang dapat mewakili sesuatu yang lain dalam batas tertentu. Tanda selalu mengacu ke sesuatu yang lain. Mengacu berarti mewakili atau menggantikan. Tanda baru dapat berfungsi bila diinterpretasikan dalam benak penerima tanda melalui pemahaman makna yang muncul dalam diri penerima tanda. Artinya, tanda baru dapat berfungsi sebagai tanda bila dapat ditangkap, dan pemahaman terjadi berkat pengetahuan tentang sistem tanda dalam suatu masyarakat (seni). Tanda dalam hubungannya dengan acuannya dibedakan menjadi tanda yang dikenal dengan ikon, indeks, dan simbol (Alex Sobur, 2003 : 35). Pierce dalam Berger (2000 : 14) yang dikutip oleh Alex Sobur (2003 : 34) menandakan bahwa tanda-tanda berkaitan dengan obyek-obyek yang menyerupainya, keberadaannya memiliki hubungan sebab-akibat dengan tanda- tanda atau karena ikatan konvensional dengan tanda-tanda tersebut. Ia menggunakan istilah ikon, untuk kesamaannya, indeks untuk hubungan sebab- akibat, dan simbol untuk asosiasi konvensional. Menurut Pierce, sebuah analisis tentang esensi tanda mengarah pada pembuktian bahwa setiap tanda ditentukan oleh obyeknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 509,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tanda baik ikon, indeks maupun simbol penting fungsinya untuk menangkap pesan yang diinformasikan melalui bentuk visual dari sebuah lukisan yang berupa obyek, dengan berbagai karakternya, pewarnaan yang digunakan, atau relasinya, komposisinya, serta bahan dan teknik yang digunakannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 562,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Seni lukis dalam penggolongannya dapat bersifat representasional dan non representasional. Lukisan representasional penggambarannya mewakili bentuk- bentuk yang ada di alam dan obyektif. Penggambaran obyek-obyeknya seperti yang ada atau terdapat di alam, sifatnya realistik. Oleh karenanya, untuk menyampaikan pesan melalui penggambaran bentuk-bentuk, lambang, ikon, atau tanda-tanda yang mewakili bentuk yang ada di alam (ada kemiripan), sehingga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 83,
"width": 778,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "138 , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142 Bentuk Sebagai Media Komunikasi..... (Djoko Maruto) Komunikator Pencipta Komunikan saluran saluran Pesan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 148,
"width": 31,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pemecah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 889,
"top": 83,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "139",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 214,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Jika dilihat pada model komunikasi menurut Adler dan Rodman ini, pelukis sebagai orang yang mencoba menyampaikan gagasan. Gagasan yang ingin dikemukakan ini masih berupa gambaran mental, yang terdiri dari perasaan atau gagasan yang belum berupa rumusan simbol-simbol atau lambang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 267,
"width": 358,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Karena orang lain tidak dapat membaca pikiran dan perasaannya, maka perlu menterjemahkan bahasa mental tersebut ke dalam lambang yang dapat dimengerti orang lain. Proses penciptaan lambang disebut encoding. Lambang-lambang atau simbol yang merupakan pernyataan pikiran dan perasaan, disusun menjadi bentuk visual yang sekaligus merupakan media untuk menyampaikan pesan. Ketika pesan tersebut diterima oleh komunikan, maka komunikan harus memecahkan lambang ( decoding) yang diterimanya ke dalam perasaan, maksud, atau pikiran yang mempunyai suatu arti baginya. Dalam proses komunikasi, selain umpan balik (feedback) yang diperoleh dari orang lain (komunikan) sebagai reaksi dan penyampaian pesannya, diperoleh pula umpan balik dan pesan yang disampaikan sendiri (intra personal) baik secara kognitif maupun afektif. Secara idiil, gambaran mental antara komunikator dan komunikan harus sesuai, sehingga komunikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik meskipun pada kenyataannya yang sering dijumpai berbagai faktor yang melatarbelakangi ketidaksamaan pengalaman dari masing-masing dan penafsirannya terhadap arti atau makna dari lambang yang dihadapi, yang kemudian menimbulkan kesukaran atau hambatan dalam komunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 495,
"width": 358,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam teori komunikasi, lukisan sebagai bentuk visual yang berisikan tanda atau simbol-simbol yang merupakan penggambaran pesan yang hendak disampaikan. Tanda atau simbol yang berwujud kata atau gambar mempunyai dua aspek, yang ditangkap oleh indera kita disebut dengan signifier , bidang penanda atau bentuk, dan aspek lainnya yang disebut signified , bidang petanda atau konsep atau makna. Penanda terletak pada tingkatan ungkapan ( Level of Expression), dan merupakan bagian fisik seperti bunyi, huruf, kata, gambar, warna, obyek, dan sebagainya. Petanda terletak pada tingkatan isi atau gagasan ( Level of Content), dan apa yang diungkapkan melalui tingkatan ungkapannya. (Sumbo Tinarbuko, 2008 : 13). Hubungan antara kedua unsur tersebut melahirkan makna. Kedua hal tersebut merupakan satu kesatuan hubungan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Lukisan yang merupakan manifestasi ide, diekspresikan melalui bentuk- bentuk signifikan menggunakan garis, bidang, warna, pada bidang dua dimensional. Bentuk signifikan tersebut menyampaikan pesan melalui tanda atau simbol menggunakan bahasa garis, bentuk, warna, tekstur, gelap terang, atau obyek-obyek tertentu. Simbol dan tanda yang dihasilkan akan selalu mengacu, atau mewakili suatu hal (obyek/benda) yang sifatnya riil atau idiil. Misalnya: lukisan menggambarkan garis sudut menyudut tajam, kaku, dengan warna merah gelap sampai kuning dengan komposisi asimetrik balance, menyampaikan pesan tentang kekeringan, terik, gersang, panas, dan seterusnya. Begitu pula pada lukisan yang sifatnya realistik penggambaran wajah cerah, gemuk, segar, menggambarkan simbol (tanda) kebahagiaan, sehat, dan sebagainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 254,
"width": 357,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pesan yang disampaikan melalui bentuk visual menggunakan tanda/simbol yang mengacu pada hal mewakili, sehingga dalam benak yang melihat akan timbul pengertian. Tentang hal tersebut (informasi yang ditangkap) menurut Pierce, tanda (representamen) ialah sesuatu yang dapat mewakili sesuatu yang lain dalam batas tertentu. Tanda selalu mengacu ke sesuatu yang lain. Mengacu berarti mewakili atau menggantikan. Tanda baru dapat berfungsi bila diinterpretasikan dalam benak penerima tanda melalui pemahaman makna yang muncul dalam diri penerima tanda. Artinya, tanda baru dapat berfungsi sebagai tanda bila dapat ditangkap, dan pemahaman terjadi berkat pengetahuan tentang sistem tanda dalam suatu masyarakat (seni). Tanda dalam hubungannya dengan acuannya dibedakan menjadi tanda yang dikenal dengan ikon, indeks, dan simbol (Alex Sobur, 2003 : 35). Pierce dalam Berger (2000 : 14) yang dikutip oleh Alex Sobur (2003 : 34) menandakan bahwa tanda-tanda berkaitan dengan obyek-obyek yang menyerupainya, keberadaannya memiliki hubungan sebab-akibat dengan tanda- tanda atau karena ikatan konvensional dengan tanda-tanda tersebut. Ia menggunakan istilah ikon, untuk kesamaannya, indeks untuk hubungan sebab- akibat, dan simbol untuk asosiasi konvensional. Menurut Pierce, sebuah analisis tentang esensi tanda mengarah pada pembuktian bahwa setiap tanda ditentukan oleh obyeknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 509,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tanda baik ikon, indeks maupun simbol penting fungsinya untuk menangkap pesan yang diinformasikan melalui bentuk visual dari sebuah lukisan yang berupa obyek, dengan berbagai karakternya, pewarnaan yang digunakan, atau relasinya, komposisinya, serta bahan dan teknik yang digunakannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 562,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Seni lukis dalam penggolongannya dapat bersifat representasional dan non representasional. Lukisan representasional penggambarannya mewakili bentuk- bentuk yang ada di alam dan obyektif. Penggambaran obyek-obyeknya seperti yang ada atau terdapat di alam, sifatnya realistik. Oleh karenanya, untuk menyampaikan pesan melalui penggambaran bentuk-bentuk, lambang, ikon, atau tanda-tanda yang mewakili bentuk yang ada di alam (ada kemiripan), sehingga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 83,
"width": 814,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "138 , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142 Bentuk Sebagai Media Komunikasi..... (Djoko Maruto) Komunikator Pencipta Komunikan saluran saluran Pesan Pemecah 122 123",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "tema atau objek secara menyimpang dari kenyataan. Cleaver (1966: 29) mendefinisikan tema sebagai objek-objek (yang dapat dikenal) yang digambarkan oleh seniman. Tema merupakan semua objek yang terdapat di alam semesta, yaitu manusia, alam benda, tumbuh-tumbuhan, dan binatang. Objek-objek ini dapat digambarkan secara sendiri-sendiri maupun secara gabungan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 174,
"width": 357,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penelitian tentang respons estetik telah dilakukan oleh banyak peneliti. Hoege (1984: 40-41) misalnya meneliti tentang pengaruh emosi terhadap penilaian estetik ( aesthetic judgment ). Hoege menggunakan semantic differential yang terdiri atas 16 butir pasangan kata sifat untuk menilai reproduksi lukisan. Berdasarkan analisis faktor, Hoege menemukan bahwa konstruk penilaian estetik meliputi empat faktor, yaitu empati, emosi, aktivitas, dan kejelasan. Menurut hasil- hasil penelitian, gaya dan tema berpengaruh terhadap respons estetik siswa Newton (1989: 81-82) Selain itu, ditemukan pula bahwa tema dan gaya berpengaruh secara interaktif terhadap respons estetik siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 308,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 321,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model prosedural. Dalam penelitian ini instrumen pengukuran respons estetik yang dikembangkan berupa semantic differential dengan reproduksi (foto) lukisan sebagai objek tanggapan. Pengembangan instrumen ini meliputi langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: (1) pembuatan kisi-kisi, (2) penyusunan skala, (3) telaah dan perbaikan instrumen, (4) uji coba produk, dan (5) analisis hasil uji coba.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 402,
"width": 358,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Instrumen pengukuran ini diujicobakan terhadap 70 siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Yogyakarta tahun ajaran 2006/2007. Dalam uji coba ini siswa diminta untuk mengamati dan memberikan tanggapan terhadap 12 buah foto lukisan secara berturut-turut. Tanggapan siswa di sini diberikan dengan mengisi lembar tanggapan berupa semantic differential , dengan mengisi satu lembar tanggapan untuk masing-masing lukisan. Pengukuran respons estetik siswa ini dilakukan sebanyak dua kali dengan selang waktu satu minggu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 496,
"width": 357,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Analisis data dalam penelitian ini meliputi analisis kualitatif dan analisis kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan dengan kaji ulang terhadap instrumen yang dikembangkan oleh empat orang dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Seni Rupa FBS Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Analisis kuantitatif meliputi analisis faktor, analisis reliabilitas, dan analisis stabilitas (korelasi intraklas). Selain itu, dilakukan ANAVA dengan pengukuran ulang untuk mengetahui sensitivitas instrumen yang dikembangkan, yaitu menguji pengaruh faktor gaya dan tema terhadap respons estetik siswa. Seluruh analisis statistik ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS 10.0.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 110,
"width": 139,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 123,
"width": 358,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam kaji ulang, instrumen pengukuran respons estetik yang dikembangkan mengalami perbaikan baik dari segi isi, yaitu kesesuaian kata sifat bipolar dan stimulus lukisan dengan indikator respons estetik, serta konstruksi semantic differential . Hasil akhir instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa disajikan pada Gambar 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 190,
"width": 357,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Analisis faktor dilakukan untuk memperoleh struktur faktor dari instrumen yang dikembangkan. Dari hasil korelasi antarbutir diperoleh nilai determinan 0,002, sehingga dapat dilakukan proses komputasi analisis faktor. Untuk estimasi kecukupan sampel, KMO sampling adequacy menunjukkan nilai 0,80, yang berarti baik. Uji sferisitas ( Barlett's test of sphericity ) menunjukkan nilai chi- square = 396,564 ( db = 55), p < 0,01, yang berarti bahwa butir-butir tersebut bukan berasal dari populasi ubahan yang nonkolonier. Hasil estimasi komunalitas menunjukkan bahwa butir-butir instrumen pengukuran respons estetik ini memikili rata-rata komunalitas yang tinggi, yaitu 7,06, dan tidak ada butir instrumen yang memiliki komunalitas rendah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 580,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Analisis faktor menghasilkan tiga komponen atau faktor. Faktor pertama memiliki proporsi varians 28,639%, faktor kedua 22,076%, dan faktor ketiga 19,933%, sehingga secara kumulatif berjumlah 70.647%. Komponen atau faktor pertama pada matriks di atas mencakup butir 'tidak indah-indah', 'jelek-bagus',",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 591,
"top": 378,
"width": 40,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Terang Jelas Cemerlang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 588,
"top": 417,
"width": 43,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tidak indah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 588,
"top": 378,
"width": 259,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sederhana Tenang Luwes Tidak mirip Hidup Jelek Suka Gelap Kabur Kusam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 822,
"top": 417,
"width": 23,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Indah Rumit Kacau Kaku Mirip Mati",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 603,
"top": 354,
"width": 258,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Bagus Tidak suka X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 696,
"top": 338,
"width": 150,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "X LUKISAN NO.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 580,
"top": 537,
"width": 296,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Gambar 1. Semantik Differential untuk Mengukur Respons Estetik Siswa SMP",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 84,
"width": 719,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 809,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "124 125",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "'tidak suka-suka', 'tidak mirip-mirip', dengan muatan faktor. Kata sifat-kata sifat tersebut berhubungan dengan penilaian, maka faktor ini dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai faktor atau dimensi evaluatif. Faktor kedua mencakup butir 'gelap-terang', 'kusam-cemerlang', dan 'kabur-jelas'. Kata sifat-kata sifat tersebut secara umum berhubungan dengan kualitas (sifat-sifat) bentuk, maka faktor tersebut menunjukkan sebagai faktor potensi. Faktor ketiga mencakup butir-butir 'sederhana-rumit', 'hidup-mati', 'kacau-tenang', dan 'kaku-luwes'. Kata sifat-kata sifat tersebut berhubungan dengan gerak atau dinamika, maka faktor tersebut menunjukkan faktor atau dimensi aktivitas. Jadi, hasil analisis faktor tersebut sesuai dengan dimensi-dimensi makna menurut Osgood, Suci, dan Tannenbaum. Matriks faktor yang dihasilkan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 254,
"width": 358,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pengamatan karya seni rupa pada dasarnya adalah pengamatan terhadap bentuk. Apresiasi karya seni rupa melibatkan respons terhadap kualitas bentuk. Bentuk dalam bahasa Inggris adalah ' form ' dan, dalam kajian seni rupa, kata ' formal ' digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi konsep yang berhubungan dengan bentuk, misalnya 'formal elements' (unsur-unsur bentuk) atau ' formal analysis ' (analisis bentuk). Oleh karena itu, untuk faktor potensi dapat dinamakan sebagai 'faktor formal'.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 362,
"width": 113,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tabel 1 Matriks Faktor Instrumen",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 589,
"width": 360,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam seni rupa, gerak atau dinamika merupakan unsur yang membangkitkan atau merangsang perasaan (emosi). Untuk faktor ini, Newton (1989) menggunakan istilah ' arousal ', yang sama artinya dengan kata ' stimulative '.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 630,
"width": 357,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Oleh karena itu, faktor ketiga tersebut di sini dinamakan 'dimensi stimulatif'.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dengan demikian, respons estetik diklasifikasikan menjadi 'respons evaluatif', 'respons formal', dan 'respons stimulatif'.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 134,
"width": 357,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Hasil analisis reliabilitas Cronbah's alpha yang diperoleh adalah 0,85. Hal ini berarti bahwa instrumen memiliki konsistensi internal yang tinggi (di atas 0,6). Analisis korelasi intraklas ( r ) menghasilkan nilai 0,73 Jadi, instrumen respons ij yang dikembangkan menunjukkan konsistensi internal dan stabilitas yang tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 189,
"width": 357,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui sensitivitas instrumen tersebut, analisis hasil uji coba ini diteruskan dengan melihat pengaruh faktor gaya lukisan dan faktor tema lukisan terhadap respons estetik siswa. Di sini digunakan analisis variansi dengan pengukuran ulang, karena data skor untuk faktor gaya maupun tema diambil dari subjek yang sama. Dalam analisis ini respons estetik merupakan ubahan terikat, sedangkan gaya dan tema merupakan faktor dalam subjek ( within subject factor ). Gaya terdiri atas tiga kategori, yaitu naturalistik (tanpa abstraksi), abstraksi sedang, dan abstraksi tinggi, sedangkan tema terdiri atas empat kategori, yaitu alam benda, pemandangan alam, potret pria, dan potret wanita. Jadi, rancangan yang digunakan adalah ANAVA 3 X 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 323,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Berdasarkan uji univariat Greenhouse-Geisser , dapat diketahui sebagai berikut: (1) Ada pengaruh gaya yang signifikan pada respons evaluatif F (1,835, 126,623) = 230,967 , p < 0,01; (2) Ada pengaruh tema yang signifikan pada respons evaluatif F (2,691, 185,653) = 57,058 , p < 0,01,; (3) Ada interaksi pengaruh gaya dan tema yang signifikan pada respons evaluatif F (5,216, 359,871) = 32,910 , p < 0,01. Besar pengaruh ( effect size ) faktor gaya pada respons evaluatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 559,
"top": 402,
"width": 4,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 893,
"top": 402,
"width": 4,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 404,
"width": 357,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "( ç = 0,770) menunjukkan nilai yang tinggi, sedangkan pengaruh faktor tema ( ç = 2 0,458) dan pengaruh interaksi faktor gaya dan tema ( ç = 0,323) menunjukkan nilai yang relatif rendah. Ringkasan uji univariat ini dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2, sedangkan pengaruh gaya dan tema serta interaksinya terhadap respons formal dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 485,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tabel 2 Ringkasan Hasil Uji Pengaruh dalam Subjek Faktor Gaya dan Tema Lukisan pada Respons Evaluatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 809,
"height": 488,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ". tidak indah-indah jelek-bagus tidak suka-suka tidak mirip-mirip gelap-terang kusam-cemerlang kabur-jelas sederhana-rumit hidup-mati kacau-tenang kaku-luwes Faktor Butir 1 2 3 0,897 0,871 0,810 0,616 -0,021 0,206 0,233 -0,092 0,441 0,338 0,369 0,115 0,138 0,313 0,053 0,891 0,849 0,784 -0,020 0,041 0,209 0,347 -0,054 0,231 0,331 0,469 -0,043 0,091 0,201 0,811 0,674 0,656 0,462 Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132 136 137",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sedangkan yang ditangkap atau ditanggapi pada saat mengamati bentuk visual, adalah potensi kualitatif pengalaman estetis atau yang sering disebut dengan kesatuan hubungan nilai-nilai atau struktur estetis (E.B. Feldman, 1967 : 276).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 161,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Apabila seseorang berhasil menangkap struktur estetis dari sebuah karya seni (lukisan) selanjutnya ia akan dapat pula menangkap makna atau isi karya tersebut. Lukisan berhubungan dengan penampilan rupa yang dapat dicerap oleh orang banyak, dengan pikiran maupun perasaannya. Rupa yang mengandung pengertian atau makna, karakter serta suasana, yang mampu dipahami (diraba dan dirasakan) oleh khalayak umum atau terbatas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 241,
"width": 357,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Seni lukis pada akhir-akhir ini mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat, baik ide-ide kreatif, tema, corak atau gaya, yang digarap lebih kompleks, berbeda dengan masa lalu yang masih menggarap tema-tema keindahan alam, potret dan sejenisnya, dan secara teknis lebih variatif, menggunakan berbagai bahan dan alat yang lebih kaya jenisnya. Begitu pula dalam penyelenggaraan pameran seni lukis, tidak hanya menampilkan lukisan-lukisan yang berbobot saja melainkan mengaplikasikan juga berbagai media komunikasi visual dengan mengolah dan memasukkan elemen-elemen gambar, huruf, cahaya serta musik. Semua dirancang sedemikian rupa sehingga tampil maksimal. Ini semua dilakukan guna menyampaikan pesan dalam bentuk lukisan agar terjadi proses komunikasi dan tujuan komunikasi. Dalam hal ini, lukisan digunakan sebagai media komunikasi untuk menyampaikan pesan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 415,
"width": 243,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "BENTUK SEBAGAI MEDIA DALAM SENI LUKIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 429,
"width": 357,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Telah diuraikan pada bab sebelumnya tentang bentuk dalam seni lukis. Bentuk di sini yang dihasilkan dan dapat diamati sebagai bentuk visual. Melalui bentuk visual tersebut, pelukis menciptakan lambang, simbol, atau ikon yang mewakili pikiran, perasaan, dan emosinya kepada manusia di luar dirinya (apresiator/komunikan). Bentuk di sini merupakan media komunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 496,
"width": 357,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Adapun media yang dimaksud di sini adalah media sekunder atau media yang bersifat fisik atau terwujud. Dalam proses komunikasi terdapat dua jenis media untuk menyampaikan pikiran sebagai isi pesan. Media pertama adalah lambang, baik verbal maupun nirverbal. Sedangkan media sekunder adalah media yang berwujud yang sebagaimana disebutkan diatas (Onong U.E, 2003 : 397).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 563,
"width": 360,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Para ahli ilmu komunikasi mengembangkan model-model komunikasi yang berfungsi untuk memberi gambaran lebih jelas tentang proses komunikasi. Menurut Adler dan Rodman (1982) dikutip oleh Umar Suwito (1989:12) mencoba menggambarkan langkah-langkah dalam proses komunikasi antar pribadi (komunikasi interpersonal), sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "menangkap pesan yang disampaikan. Dalam hal ini, berupa bentuk pada lukisan, maka perlu kiranya untuk memahami prinsip-prinsip dasar komunikasi dan faktor- faktor penunjang dan penghambat yang harus menjadi perhatian. Hal inilah yang akan penulis uraikan pada bab-bab selanjutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 174,
"width": 161,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "BENTUK DALAM SENI LUKIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 187,
"width": 358,
"height": 453,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sebuah benda seni harus memiliki wujud, agar dapat diterima secara inderawi (dilihat, didengar atau dilihat dan didengar) oleh orang lain. Benda seni itu suatu wujud fisik, tetapi wujud fisik tersebut tidak secar otomatis menjadi karya seni. Berseni atau tidaknya suatu wujud fisik tersebut ditentukan oleh nilai yang ada di dalamnya. Apakah wujud itu berhasil merangsang timbulnya nilai-nilai pada orang lain?. Nilai itu bersifat subyektif. Benda seni atau lukisan hanya obyek, yang kepadanya dapat diberikan nilai-nilai oleh subyek penerima seni. Setiap subyek penerima seni yang satu bisa jadi akan memberikan nilai yang berbeda dengan lainnya. Ini disebabkan adanya perbedaan pengalaman estetis, intelektual, wawasan yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing penerima seni tersebut, bahkan dapat berbeda pula dengan yang dimaksud oleh senimannya sendiri. Baginya isi karya merupakan pengalaman dan tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Sejauh semuanya itu tertuang dalam bentuk, sebagai simbol langsung. Hal ini merupakan wujud atau benda dapat disebut bernilai seni, apabila subyek pengamatnya, karena benda tersebut mengandung kemampuan untuk merangsang diberikannya berbagai nilai oleh subyeknya. Begitu pula pada lukisan, yang menurut Edmund Burke Feldman menamakan bentuk yang dihasilkan dan dapat diamati sebagai bentuk visual. Artinya, bentuk itu ditinjau dari unsur-unsur penyusunan yang berpedoman pada azas-azas desain ( Principle of Design) . Azas-azas yang dimaksud adalah unity, balance, rhythm, proportion. Unity atau kesatuan diciptakan melalui sub-azas device, domination, dan sub-ordination ( yang utama dan kurang utama). Dominace diupayakan lewat ukuran, warna, dan tempat atau lokasi serta convergence dan perbedaan atau pengecualian ( Defference of Exception) (Humar Sahman, 1993: 43). Dalam menghadapi hasil karya seni (lukisan) menurut Feldman dibedakan antara visual form dengan aesthetic structure. Yang pertama adalah benda seninya, sedangkan yang kedua yaitu hasil pengamatan kita. Visual form adalah obyektif, dan aesthetic structure adalah subyektif. Orang sama-sama memiliki penglihatan sempurna sekalipun, tidak akan bisa memperoleh pengalaman yang sama dalam menanggapi suatu hasil seni yang sama. Bukan itu saja bahkan orang yang samapun akan memperoleh pengalaman yang berbeda dalam menanggapi barang yang sama tersebut dalam waktu yang berbeda, orang mempunyai latar belakang pengalaman yang berbeda, minat atau mood seseorang pada suatu saat yang berbeda minat akan besar pengaruhnya terhadap pembentukan aesthetic structure ((Humar Sahman, 1993: 153).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 84,
"width": 178,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ", Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 623,
"top": 84,
"width": 246,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Bentuk Sebagai Media Komunikasi..... (Djoko Maruto)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 809,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "136 137",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sedangkan yang ditangkap atau ditanggapi pada saat mengamati bentuk visual, adalah potensi kualitatif pengalaman estetis atau yang sering disebut dengan kesatuan hubungan nilai-nilai atau struktur estetis (E.B. Feldman, 1967 : 276).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 161,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Apabila seseorang berhasil menangkap struktur estetis dari sebuah karya seni (lukisan) selanjutnya ia akan dapat pula menangkap makna atau isi karya tersebut. Lukisan berhubungan dengan penampilan rupa yang dapat dicerap oleh orang banyak, dengan pikiran maupun perasaannya. Rupa yang mengandung pengertian atau makna, karakter serta suasana, yang mampu dipahami (diraba dan dirasakan) oleh khalayak umum atau terbatas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 241,
"width": 357,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Seni lukis pada akhir-akhir ini mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat, baik ide-ide kreatif, tema, corak atau gaya, yang digarap lebih kompleks, berbeda dengan masa lalu yang masih menggarap tema-tema keindahan alam, potret dan sejenisnya, dan secara teknis lebih variatif, menggunakan berbagai bahan dan alat yang lebih kaya jenisnya. Begitu pula dalam penyelenggaraan pameran seni lukis, tidak hanya menampilkan lukisan-lukisan yang berbobot saja melainkan mengaplikasikan juga berbagai media komunikasi visual dengan mengolah dan memasukkan elemen-elemen gambar, huruf, cahaya serta musik. Semua dirancang sedemikian rupa sehingga tampil maksimal. Ini semua dilakukan guna menyampaikan pesan dalam bentuk lukisan agar terjadi proses komunikasi dan tujuan komunikasi. Dalam hal ini, lukisan digunakan sebagai media komunikasi untuk menyampaikan pesan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 415,
"width": 243,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "BENTUK SEBAGAI MEDIA DALAM SENI LUKIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 429,
"width": 357,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Telah diuraikan pada bab sebelumnya tentang bentuk dalam seni lukis. Bentuk di sini yang dihasilkan dan dapat diamati sebagai bentuk visual. Melalui bentuk visual tersebut, pelukis menciptakan lambang, simbol, atau ikon yang mewakili pikiran, perasaan, dan emosinya kepada manusia di luar dirinya (apresiator/komunikan). Bentuk di sini merupakan media komunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 496,
"width": 357,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Adapun media yang dimaksud di sini adalah media sekunder atau media yang bersifat fisik atau terwujud. Dalam proses komunikasi terdapat dua jenis media untuk menyampaikan pikiran sebagai isi pesan. Media pertama adalah lambang, baik verbal maupun nirverbal. Sedangkan media sekunder adalah media yang berwujud yang sebagaimana disebutkan diatas (Onong U.E, 2003 : 397).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 563,
"width": 360,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Para ahli ilmu komunikasi mengembangkan model-model komunikasi yang berfungsi untuk memberi gambaran lebih jelas tentang proses komunikasi. Menurut Adler dan Rodman (1982) dikutip oleh Umar Suwito (1989:12) mencoba menggambarkan langkah-langkah dalam proses komunikasi antar pribadi (komunikasi interpersonal), sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "menangkap pesan yang disampaikan. Dalam hal ini, berupa bentuk pada lukisan, maka perlu kiranya untuk memahami prinsip-prinsip dasar komunikasi dan faktor- faktor penunjang dan penghambat yang harus menjadi perhatian. Hal inilah yang akan penulis uraikan pada bab-bab selanjutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 174,
"width": 161,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "BENTUK DALAM SENI LUKIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 187,
"width": 358,
"height": 453,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Sebuah benda seni harus memiliki wujud, agar dapat diterima secara inderawi (dilihat, didengar atau dilihat dan didengar) oleh orang lain. Benda seni itu suatu wujud fisik, tetapi wujud fisik tersebut tidak secar otomatis menjadi karya seni. Berseni atau tidaknya suatu wujud fisik tersebut ditentukan oleh nilai yang ada di dalamnya. Apakah wujud itu berhasil merangsang timbulnya nilai-nilai pada orang lain?. Nilai itu bersifat subyektif. Benda seni atau lukisan hanya obyek, yang kepadanya dapat diberikan nilai-nilai oleh subyek penerima seni. Setiap subyek penerima seni yang satu bisa jadi akan memberikan nilai yang berbeda dengan lainnya. Ini disebabkan adanya perbedaan pengalaman estetis, intelektual, wawasan yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing penerima seni tersebut, bahkan dapat berbeda pula dengan yang dimaksud oleh senimannya sendiri. Baginya isi karya merupakan pengalaman dan tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Sejauh semuanya itu tertuang dalam bentuk, sebagai simbol langsung. Hal ini merupakan wujud atau benda dapat disebut bernilai seni, apabila subyek pengamatnya, karena benda tersebut mengandung kemampuan untuk merangsang diberikannya berbagai nilai oleh subyeknya. Begitu pula pada lukisan, yang menurut Edmund Burke Feldman menamakan bentuk yang dihasilkan dan dapat diamati sebagai bentuk visual. Artinya, bentuk itu ditinjau dari unsur-unsur penyusunan yang berpedoman pada azas-azas desain ( Principle of Design) . Azas-azas yang dimaksud adalah unity, balance, rhythm, proportion. Unity atau kesatuan diciptakan melalui sub-azas device, domination, dan sub-ordination ( yang utama dan kurang utama). Dominace diupayakan lewat ukuran, warna, dan tempat atau lokasi serta convergence dan perbedaan atau pengecualian ( Defference of Exception) (Humar Sahman, 1993: 43). Dalam menghadapi hasil karya seni (lukisan) menurut Feldman dibedakan antara visual form dengan aesthetic structure. Yang pertama adalah benda seninya, sedangkan yang kedua yaitu hasil pengamatan kita. Visual form adalah obyektif, dan aesthetic structure adalah subyektif. Orang sama-sama memiliki penglihatan sempurna sekalipun, tidak akan bisa memperoleh pengalaman yang sama dalam menanggapi suatu hasil seni yang sama. Bukan itu saja bahkan orang yang samapun akan memperoleh pengalaman yang berbeda dalam menanggapi barang yang sama tersebut dalam waktu yang berbeda, orang mempunyai latar belakang pengalaman yang berbeda, minat atau mood seseorang pada suatu saat yang berbeda minat akan besar pengaruhnya terhadap pembentukan aesthetic structure ((Humar Sahman, 1993: 153).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 809,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ", Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142 Bentuk Sebagai Media Komunikasi..... (Djoko Maruto) 124 125",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "'tidak suka-suka', 'tidak mirip-mirip', dengan muatan faktor. Kata sifat-kata sifat tersebut berhubungan dengan penilaian, maka faktor ini dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai faktor atau dimensi evaluatif. Faktor kedua mencakup butir 'gelap-terang', 'kusam-cemerlang', dan 'kabur-jelas'. Kata sifat-kata sifat tersebut secara umum berhubungan dengan kualitas (sifat-sifat) bentuk, maka faktor tersebut menunjukkan sebagai faktor potensi. Faktor ketiga mencakup butir-butir 'sederhana-rumit', 'hidup-mati', 'kacau-tenang', dan 'kaku-luwes'. Kata sifat-kata sifat tersebut berhubungan dengan gerak atau dinamika, maka faktor tersebut menunjukkan faktor atau dimensi aktivitas. Jadi, hasil analisis faktor tersebut sesuai dengan dimensi-dimensi makna menurut Osgood, Suci, dan Tannenbaum. Matriks faktor yang dihasilkan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 254,
"width": 358,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pengamatan karya seni rupa pada dasarnya adalah pengamatan terhadap bentuk. Apresiasi karya seni rupa melibatkan respons terhadap kualitas bentuk. Bentuk dalam bahasa Inggris adalah ' form ' dan, dalam kajian seni rupa, kata ' formal ' digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi konsep yang berhubungan dengan bentuk, misalnya 'formal elements' (unsur-unsur bentuk) atau ' formal analysis ' (analisis bentuk). Oleh karena itu, untuk faktor potensi dapat dinamakan sebagai 'faktor formal'.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 362,
"width": 113,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tabel 1 Matriks Faktor Instrumen",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 589,
"width": 360,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam seni rupa, gerak atau dinamika merupakan unsur yang membangkitkan atau merangsang perasaan (emosi). Untuk faktor ini, Newton (1989) menggunakan istilah ' arousal ', yang sama artinya dengan kata ' stimulative '.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 630,
"width": 357,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Oleh karena itu, faktor ketiga tersebut di sini dinamakan 'dimensi stimulatif'.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dengan demikian, respons estetik diklasifikasikan menjadi 'respons evaluatif', 'respons formal', dan 'respons stimulatif'.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 134,
"width": 357,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Hasil analisis reliabilitas Cronbah's alpha yang diperoleh adalah 0,85. Hal ini berarti bahwa instrumen memiliki konsistensi internal yang tinggi (di atas 0,6). Analisis korelasi intraklas ( r ) menghasilkan nilai 0,73 Jadi, instrumen respons ij yang dikembangkan menunjukkan konsistensi internal dan stabilitas yang tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 189,
"width": 357,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui sensitivitas instrumen tersebut, analisis hasil uji coba ini diteruskan dengan melihat pengaruh faktor gaya lukisan dan faktor tema lukisan terhadap respons estetik siswa. Di sini digunakan analisis variansi dengan pengukuran ulang, karena data skor untuk faktor gaya maupun tema diambil dari subjek yang sama. Dalam analisis ini respons estetik merupakan ubahan terikat, sedangkan gaya dan tema merupakan faktor dalam subjek ( within subject factor ). Gaya terdiri atas tiga kategori, yaitu naturalistik (tanpa abstraksi), abstraksi sedang, dan abstraksi tinggi, sedangkan tema terdiri atas empat kategori, yaitu alam benda, pemandangan alam, potret pria, dan potret wanita. Jadi, rancangan yang digunakan adalah ANAVA 3 X 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 323,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Berdasarkan uji univariat Greenhouse-Geisser , dapat diketahui sebagai berikut: (1) Ada pengaruh gaya yang signifikan pada respons evaluatif F (1,835, 126,623) = 230,967 , p < 0,01; (2) Ada pengaruh tema yang signifikan pada respons evaluatif F (2,691, 185,653) = 57,058 , p < 0,01,; (3) Ada interaksi pengaruh gaya dan tema yang signifikan pada respons evaluatif F (5,216, 359,871) = 32,910 , p < 0,01. Besar pengaruh ( effect size ) faktor gaya pada respons evaluatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 559,
"top": 402,
"width": 4,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 893,
"top": 402,
"width": 4,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 404,
"width": 357,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "( ç = 0,770) menunjukkan nilai yang tinggi, sedangkan pengaruh faktor tema ( ç = 2 0,458) dan pengaruh interaksi faktor gaya dan tema ( ç = 0,323) menunjukkan nilai yang relatif rendah. Ringkasan uji univariat ini dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2, sedangkan pengaruh gaya dan tema serta interaksinya terhadap respons formal dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 485,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tabel 2 Ringkasan Hasil Uji Pengaruh dalam Subjek Faktor Gaya dan Tema Lukisan pada Respons Evaluatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 84,
"width": 759,
"height": 487,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ". tidak indah-indah jelek-bagus tidak suka-suka tidak mirip-mirip gelap-terang kusam-cemerlang kabur-jelas sederhana-rumit hidup-mati kacau-tenang kaku-luwes Faktor Butir 1 2 3 0,897 0,871 0,810 0,616 -0,021 0,206 0,233 -0,092 0,441 0,338 0,369 0,115 0,138 0,313 0,053 0,891 0,849 0,784 -0,020 0,041 0,209 0,347 -0,054 0,231 0,331 0,469 -0,043 0,091 0,201 0,811 0,674 0,656 0,462 Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "126",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 889,
"top": 83,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 268,
"width": 352,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Gambar 2. Pengaruh Faktor Gaya, Tema, dan Interaksinya pada Respons Evaluatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 295,
"width": 358,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Berdasarkan uji univariat Sphericity Assumed , dapat diketahui sebagai berikut: (1) Ada pengaruh gaya yang signifikan pada respons formal, dengan nilai F (2, 138) = 183,521 , p < 0,01; (2) Ada pengaruh tema yang signifikan pada respons formal, dengan nilai F (3, 207) = 15,681 , p < 0,01; (3) Ada interaksi pengaruh gaya dan tema yang signifikan pada respons formal, dengan nilai F (6, 414) = 66,870 , p < 0,01. Besar pengaruh ( effect size ) faktor gaya pada respons 2 formal ( ç = 0,727) menunjukkan nilai yang tinggi, sedangkan pengaruh faktor 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 388,
"width": 4,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 390,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "tema ( ç = 0,185) dan pengaruh interaksi faktor gaya dan tema ( ç = 0,492) menunjukkan nilai yang relatif rendah. Ringkasan uji univariat ini dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3, sedangkan pengaruh gaya dan tema serta interaksinya terhadap respons formal dapat dilihat pada Gambar 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 457,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tabel 3 Ringkasan Hasil Uji Pengaruh dalam Subjek Faktor Gaya dan Tema Lukisan pada Respons Formal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 281,
"width": 343,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Gambar 3. Pengaruh Faktor Gaya, Tema, dan Interaksinya pada Respons Formal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 308,
"width": 357,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Berdasarkan uji univariat Sphericity Assumed , dapat diketahui sebagai berikut: (1) Ada pengaruh gaya yang signifikan pada respons stimulatif, dengan nilai F (2, 138) = 217,817 , p < 0,01; (2) Ada pengaruh tema yang signifikan pada respons stimulatif, dengan nilai F (3, 207) = 64,541 , p < 0,01; (3) Ada interaksi pengaruh gaya dan tema yang signifikan pada respons stimulatif, dengan nilai F (6, 414) = 26,585 , p < 0,01. Besar pengaruh ( effect size ) faktor gaya pada respons 2 stimulatif ( ç = 0,759) menunjukkan nilai yang tinggi, sedangkan pengaruh faktor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 584,
"top": 402,
"width": 279,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2 2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 403,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "tema ( ç = 0,483) dan pengaruh interaksi faktor gaya dan tema ( ç = 0,278) menunjukkan nilai yang relatif rendah. Ringkasan uji univariat ini dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4, sedangkan pengaruh gaya dan tema serta interaksinya terhadap respons formal dapat dilihat pada Gambar 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 470,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tabel 4 Ringkasan Hasil Uji Pengaruh dalam Subjek Faktor Gaya dan Tema Lukisan pada Respons Stimulatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 777,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132 134",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "dan memberi informasi, mempengaruhi orang lain, serta mempertimbangkan solusi alternatif atas masalah dan mengambil keputusan dalam kehidupan sosial serta hiburan. Komunikasi dalam kehidupan sehari- hari dapat digunakan sebagai interaksi dengan proses sebab akibat, atau aksi reaksi yang bergantian arahnya, sehingga terjadi umpan balik antara sumber pesan ke penerima pesan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 174,
"width": 357,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pada tahap komunikasi masih dianggap sederhana, dimana melalui komunikasi orang berusaha mendefinisikan sesuatu yang terus menerus berkesinambungan. Dalam perkembangannya, komunikasi tidak hanya dalam bentuk kata-kata, tetapi berkembang ke bentuk-bentuk simbolik yang memberikan makna-makna tertentu. Komunikasi dalam bentuk sibol ini merupakan sesuatu yang lainnya berdasarkan kesepakatan. Pada dasarnya simbol atau lambang tidak mempunyai makna, dan manusianya sendirilah yang memberikan makna pada lambang tersebut. Dengan demikian, komunikasi dengan bentuk simbol atau lambang dapat diasosiasikan dengan citra tertentu sesuai dengan maknanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 295,
"width": 357,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam penerapannya, komunikasi dapat mengapresiasikan bentuk simbolisasi dan makna. Komunikasi dalam bentuk simbol sangat bervariasi, dapat berupa bentuk, gaya, gerak, komposisi warna, garis, bidang, tekstur, gelap terang, bahasa tubuh atau bahasa isyarat, baik bentuk fisik maupun non fisik, sesuai dengan makna yang diberikan pada simbol tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 362,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Bagi pelukis sebagai individu, seperti yang lainnya, juga membutuhkan berkomunikasi dengan manusia di luar dirinya. Melalui lukisan yang diciptakan inilah pelukis berkomunikasi dengan masyarakat sebagai penikmat seni atau komunikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 415,
"width": 358,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Seni lukis merupakan salah satu cabang seni rupa. Seni lukis adalah pengungkapan atau pengucapan pengalaman artistik yang ditampilkan dalam bidang dua dimensional dengan menggunakan garis dan warna (Soedarso Sp, 1990: 11). Sedangkan I. A. Richards penganut teori komunikasi, ia melihat seni sebagai kegiatan komunikasi yang disejajarkannya dengan teori kebahasaan dalam membuat telaah tentang seni dan penulis buku “ The Cinema as Art” melihat seni sebagai proses menyeleksi dan menyusun buah pengalaman, intuisi atau inspirasi dalam wujud karya seni yang benar dan indah, yang sedikit banyak mengacu pada kenyataan, dengan maksud agar karya tersebut dapat mengkomunikasikan pengalaman dan lain sebagainya itu kepada para pengamatnya (Humar Sahman, 1993: 19). Melalui karya seninya dalam bentuk- bentuk signifikan yang merupakan bahasa visual, menyampaikan ide-ide atau gagasan, emosi, intuisi atau yang diyakininya. Melalui bentuk-bentuk berupa lambang atau tanda-tanda, yang dalam hal ini seniman menyampaikan arti dan nilai satu sama lainnya. Bentuk dalam karya seni khususnya lukisan, menurut The Liang Gie (1983: 70) dalam bukunya yang berjudul Garisbesar Estetik (Filsafat Keindahan) menyatakan bahwa dalam setiap karya seni, medium berikut unsurnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "itulah yang disusun dan disatupadukan sehingga menjadi sebuah kebulatan yang utuh. Pengorganisasian itu harus mengandung makna dan menarik, sehingga terjelma apa yang dikenal sebagai bentuk ( form) dari karya seni. Sejalan dengan pendapat tersebut maka Humar Sahman (1993: 41) dalam bukunya yang berjudul “Mengenali Dunia Seni Rupa” mengutip pendapat Edgar de Bruyne yang menyatakan bahwa bentuk adalah wujud lahiriah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 187,
"width": 357,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dengan demikian dalam karya seni, bentuk adalah wujud lahiriah yang merupakan organisasi medium berikut unsur-unsur seni, sehingga menjadi kebulatan yang utuh dan pengorganisasian tersebut harus bermakna dan menarik. Bentuk inilah yang merupakan bungkus dari isi atau konten.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 241,
"width": 357,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Lukisan merupakan suatu wujud simbol atau bahasa visual yang di dalamnya terkandung struktur rupa seperti garis, warna, dan komposisi. Ini dikelompokkan dalam kategori bahasa komunikasi non verbal dan dibedakan dengan bahasa verbal yang berwujud tulisan atau ucapan. Dalam lukisan bentuk- bentuk yang diekspresikan sebagai simbol visual, yang memiliki karakteristik, khas, dan menimbulkan kesan tertentu bagi penikmatnya, meskipun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa dalam penikmatan sebuah karya seni (lukisan), pesan yang disampaikan dalam bentuk simbol tersebut seringkali pemaknaan dari symbol- simbol tersebut berbeda antara satu penikmat dengan penikmat lainnya, mengingat interpetasi yang bersifat subyektif. Hal ini akan berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan penikmatan pada karya-karya desain komunikasi visual, yang melalui bentuk simbol visual yang fungsi utamanya adalah fungsi komunikasi, tetapi bentuk- bentuk komunikasi visual juga mempunyai fungsi signifikansi yaitu fungsi dalam menyampaikan sebuah konsep, isi atau makna. Ini akan berbeda dengan bidang seni rupa, seni lukis khususnya yang tidak mempunyai fungsi khusus komunikasi seperti itu, akan tetapi ia memiliki fungsi signifikansi. Jadi meskipun semua muatan komunikasi dari bentuk-bentuk komunikasi visual ditiadakan ia sebenarnya masih mempunyai muatan signifikansi, yaitu muatan makna (Sumbo Tinarbuko, 2008: xi).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 496,
"width": 357,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Perbedaan- perbedaan dalam setiap cabang seni merupakan hal yang wajar dan sangat dimungkinkan. Misalnya: seni murni, seni lukis dan seni patung, yang merupakan hasil ekspresi pribadi, tuntutan berasal dari dirinya sendiri, sedangkan desain komunikasi visual, dekorasi atau seni kriya atau seni terapan lainnya akan dibebani aspek fungsionalnya atau kegunaan praktis. Oleh karenanya Faktor diluar dirinya menjadi hal yang penting, misalnya : selera masyarakat, trend yang sedang berkembang, sehingga karya yang dihasilkan dapat diminati.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 589,
"width": 357,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Namun keduanya terdapat kesamaan dalam hal komunikasi, yaitu dalam proses penyampaian ide, pemikiran, pendapat atau berita ke suatu tempat tujuan serta menimbulkan reaksi umpan balik dari masyarakat (komunikan). Agar komunikasi berjalan secara efektif, artinya penikmat seni atau komunikan dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 83,
"width": 751,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "135 , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 623,
"top": 84,
"width": 246,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Bentuk Sebagai Media Komunikasi..... (Djoko Maruto)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "134",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "dan memberi informasi, mempengaruhi orang lain, serta mempertimbangkan solusi alternatif atas masalah dan mengambil keputusan dalam kehidupan sosial serta hiburan. Komunikasi dalam kehidupan sehari- hari dapat digunakan sebagai interaksi dengan proses sebab akibat, atau aksi reaksi yang bergantian arahnya, sehingga terjadi umpan balik antara sumber pesan ke penerima pesan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 174,
"width": 357,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pada tahap komunikasi masih dianggap sederhana, dimana melalui komunikasi orang berusaha mendefinisikan sesuatu yang terus menerus berkesinambungan. Dalam perkembangannya, komunikasi tidak hanya dalam bentuk kata-kata, tetapi berkembang ke bentuk-bentuk simbolik yang memberikan makna-makna tertentu. Komunikasi dalam bentuk sibol ini merupakan sesuatu yang lainnya berdasarkan kesepakatan. Pada dasarnya simbol atau lambang tidak mempunyai makna, dan manusianya sendirilah yang memberikan makna pada lambang tersebut. Dengan demikian, komunikasi dengan bentuk simbol atau lambang dapat diasosiasikan dengan citra tertentu sesuai dengan maknanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 295,
"width": 357,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dalam penerapannya, komunikasi dapat mengapresiasikan bentuk simbolisasi dan makna. Komunikasi dalam bentuk simbol sangat bervariasi, dapat berupa bentuk, gaya, gerak, komposisi warna, garis, bidang, tekstur, gelap terang, bahasa tubuh atau bahasa isyarat, baik bentuk fisik maupun non fisik, sesuai dengan makna yang diberikan pada simbol tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 362,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Bagi pelukis sebagai individu, seperti yang lainnya, juga membutuhkan berkomunikasi dengan manusia di luar dirinya. Melalui lukisan yang diciptakan inilah pelukis berkomunikasi dengan masyarakat sebagai penikmat seni atau komunikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 415,
"width": 358,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Seni lukis merupakan salah satu cabang seni rupa. Seni lukis adalah pengungkapan atau pengucapan pengalaman artistik yang ditampilkan dalam bidang dua dimensional dengan menggunakan garis dan warna (Soedarso Sp, 1990: 11). Sedangkan I. A. Richards penganut teori komunikasi, ia melihat seni sebagai kegiatan komunikasi yang disejajarkannya dengan teori kebahasaan dalam membuat telaah tentang seni dan penulis buku “ The Cinema as Art” melihat seni sebagai proses menyeleksi dan menyusun buah pengalaman, intuisi atau inspirasi dalam wujud karya seni yang benar dan indah, yang sedikit banyak mengacu pada kenyataan, dengan maksud agar karya tersebut dapat mengkomunikasikan pengalaman dan lain sebagainya itu kepada para pengamatnya (Humar Sahman, 1993: 19). Melalui karya seninya dalam bentuk- bentuk signifikan yang merupakan bahasa visual, menyampaikan ide-ide atau gagasan, emosi, intuisi atau yang diyakininya. Melalui bentuk-bentuk berupa lambang atau tanda-tanda, yang dalam hal ini seniman menyampaikan arti dan nilai satu sama lainnya. Bentuk dalam karya seni khususnya lukisan, menurut The Liang Gie (1983: 70) dalam bukunya yang berjudul Garisbesar Estetik (Filsafat Keindahan) menyatakan bahwa dalam setiap karya seni, medium berikut unsurnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "itulah yang disusun dan disatupadukan sehingga menjadi sebuah kebulatan yang utuh. Pengorganisasian itu harus mengandung makna dan menarik, sehingga terjelma apa yang dikenal sebagai bentuk ( form) dari karya seni. Sejalan dengan pendapat tersebut maka Humar Sahman (1993: 41) dalam bukunya yang berjudul “Mengenali Dunia Seni Rupa” mengutip pendapat Edgar de Bruyne yang menyatakan bahwa bentuk adalah wujud lahiriah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 187,
"width": 357,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Dengan demikian dalam karya seni, bentuk adalah wujud lahiriah yang merupakan organisasi medium berikut unsur-unsur seni, sehingga menjadi kebulatan yang utuh dan pengorganisasian tersebut harus bermakna dan menarik. Bentuk inilah yang merupakan bungkus dari isi atau konten.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 241,
"width": 357,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Lukisan merupakan suatu wujud simbol atau bahasa visual yang di dalamnya terkandung struktur rupa seperti garis, warna, dan komposisi. Ini dikelompokkan dalam kategori bahasa komunikasi non verbal dan dibedakan dengan bahasa verbal yang berwujud tulisan atau ucapan. Dalam lukisan bentuk- bentuk yang diekspresikan sebagai simbol visual, yang memiliki karakteristik, khas, dan menimbulkan kesan tertentu bagi penikmatnya, meskipun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa dalam penikmatan sebuah karya seni (lukisan), pesan yang disampaikan dalam bentuk simbol tersebut seringkali pemaknaan dari symbol- simbol tersebut berbeda antara satu penikmat dengan penikmat lainnya, mengingat interpetasi yang bersifat subyektif. Hal ini akan berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan penikmatan pada karya-karya desain komunikasi visual, yang melalui bentuk simbol visual yang fungsi utamanya adalah fungsi komunikasi, tetapi bentuk- bentuk komunikasi visual juga mempunyai fungsi signifikansi yaitu fungsi dalam menyampaikan sebuah konsep, isi atau makna. Ini akan berbeda dengan bidang seni rupa, seni lukis khususnya yang tidak mempunyai fungsi khusus komunikasi seperti itu, akan tetapi ia memiliki fungsi signifikansi. Jadi meskipun semua muatan komunikasi dari bentuk-bentuk komunikasi visual ditiadakan ia sebenarnya masih mempunyai muatan signifikansi, yaitu muatan makna (Sumbo Tinarbuko, 2008: xi).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 496,
"width": 357,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Perbedaan- perbedaan dalam setiap cabang seni merupakan hal yang wajar dan sangat dimungkinkan. Misalnya: seni murni, seni lukis dan seni patung, yang merupakan hasil ekspresi pribadi, tuntutan berasal dari dirinya sendiri, sedangkan desain komunikasi visual, dekorasi atau seni kriya atau seni terapan lainnya akan dibebani aspek fungsionalnya atau kegunaan praktis. Oleh karenanya Faktor diluar dirinya menjadi hal yang penting, misalnya : selera masyarakat, trend yang sedang berkembang, sehingga karya yang dihasilkan dapat diminati.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 589,
"width": 357,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Namun keduanya terdapat kesamaan dalam hal komunikasi, yaitu dalam proses penyampaian ide, pemikiran, pendapat atau berita ke suatu tempat tujuan serta menimbulkan reaksi umpan balik dari masyarakat (komunikan). Agar komunikasi berjalan secara efektif, artinya penikmat seni atau komunikan dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 809,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "135 , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 133 - 142 Bentuk Sebagai Media Komunikasi..... (Djoko Maruto) 126 127",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 268,
"width": 352,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Gambar 2. Pengaruh Faktor Gaya, Tema, dan Interaksinya pada Respons Evaluatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 295,
"width": 358,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Berdasarkan uji univariat Sphericity Assumed , dapat diketahui sebagai berikut: (1) Ada pengaruh gaya yang signifikan pada respons formal, dengan nilai F (2, 138) = 183,521 , p < 0,01; (2) Ada pengaruh tema yang signifikan pada respons formal, dengan nilai F (3, 207) = 15,681 , p < 0,01; (3) Ada interaksi pengaruh gaya dan tema yang signifikan pada respons formal, dengan nilai F (6, 414) = 66,870 , p < 0,01. Besar pengaruh ( effect size ) faktor gaya pada respons 2 formal ( ç = 0,727) menunjukkan nilai yang tinggi, sedangkan pengaruh faktor 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 388,
"width": 4,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 390,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "tema ( ç = 0,185) dan pengaruh interaksi faktor gaya dan tema ( ç = 0,492) menunjukkan nilai yang relatif rendah. Ringkasan uji univariat ini dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3, sedangkan pengaruh gaya dan tema serta interaksinya terhadap respons formal dapat dilihat pada Gambar 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 457,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tabel 3 Ringkasan Hasil Uji Pengaruh dalam Subjek Faktor Gaya dan Tema Lukisan pada Respons Formal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 281,
"width": 343,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Gambar 3. Pengaruh Faktor Gaya, Tema, dan Interaksinya pada Respons Formal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 308,
"width": 357,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Berdasarkan uji univariat Sphericity Assumed , dapat diketahui sebagai berikut: (1) Ada pengaruh gaya yang signifikan pada respons stimulatif, dengan nilai F (2, 138) = 217,817 , p < 0,01; (2) Ada pengaruh tema yang signifikan pada respons stimulatif, dengan nilai F (3, 207) = 64,541 , p < 0,01; (3) Ada interaksi pengaruh gaya dan tema yang signifikan pada respons stimulatif, dengan nilai F (6, 414) = 26,585 , p < 0,01. Besar pengaruh ( effect size ) faktor gaya pada respons 2 stimulatif ( ç = 0,759) menunjukkan nilai yang tinggi, sedangkan pengaruh faktor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 584,
"top": 402,
"width": 279,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2 2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 403,
"width": 357,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "tema ( ç = 0,483) dan pengaruh interaksi faktor gaya dan tema ( ç = 0,278) menunjukkan nilai yang relatif rendah. Ringkasan uji univariat ini dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4, sedangkan pengaruh gaya dan tema serta interaksinya terhadap respons formal dapat dilihat pada Gambar 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 470,
"width": 357,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tabel 4 Ringkasan Hasil Uji Pengaruh dalam Subjek Faktor Gaya dan Tema Lukisan pada Respons Stimulatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 84,
"width": 719,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 268,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Gambar 4. Pengaruh Faktor Gaya, Tema, dan Interaksinya pada Respons Stimulatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 308,
"width": 358,
"height": 211,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan, instrumen respons estetik ini yang dikembangkan ini menunjukkan kualitas yang baik. Namun demikian, instrumen ini masih memiliki keterbatasan sebagai berikut: (1) Semantic differential terbatas pada tiga faktor atau dimensi makna menurut Osgood dkk (faktor evaluatif, potensi, dan aktivitas), belum mencakup faktor- faktor yang lain yang dapat meningkatkan validitasnya dalam mengukur respons estetik siswa; (2) Kata 'tidak indah', 'tidak mirip', dan 'tidak suka' bukan merupakan kata sifat yang murni, karena menggunakan kata 'tidak'; (3) Pengertian gaya terbatas pada aspek penggambaran objek (naturalistik, semideformatif, dan deformatif), belum mencakup aspek konsep ekspresi (sebagai aliran, seperti realisme, impresionisme, simbolisme, ekspresionisme, dan kubisme); (4) Pengertian tema terbatas jenis objek yang digambarkan (alam benda, pemandangan alam, potret pria, dan potret wanita), belum mencakup aspek naratif (sebagai isi, seperti misalnya tema kemanusian, kesejarahan, sosial, dan pengalaman psikologis); (5) Stimulus lukisan belum dibedakan menurut asal penciptanya (pelukis Indonesia dan pelukis Mancanegara).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 536,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 549,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang pengembangan instrumen pengukuran respons estetik untuk siswa SMP dengan menggunakan semantic differential , dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 589,
"width": 357,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Untuk menghasilkan instrumen pengukuran respons estetik untuk siswa SMP yang valid dan reliabel, dilakukan prosedur sebagai berikut: (a) penyusunan kisi-kisi untuk menetapkan butir-butir semantic differential dan pemilihan lukisan yang digunakan sebagai objek tanggapan, (b) penyusunan instrumen",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 568,
"top": 107,
"width": 339,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "pengukuran, (c) telaah atau analisis kualitatif dan perbaikan instrumen pengukuran, (d) uji coba instrumen pengukuran kepada subjek terbatas (prapenelitian), (e) uji coba instrumen di lapangan, dan (f) analisis hasil uji coba instrumen pengukuran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 161,
"width": 357,
"height": 171,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2. Berdasarkan analisis faktor, instrumen pengukuran respons estetik yang dikembangkan tersebut memiliki validitas yang baik (varians total yang dapat dijelaskan keseluruhan = 70,65%). Instrumen pengukuran ini mampu mengukur respons estetik siswa menurut faktor evaluatif, formal (potensi), dan stimulatif (aktivitas), yang berarti bahwa respon estetik siswa menunjukkan kecenderungan menilai kualitas lukisan serta merasakan bentuk dan kesan gerak pada lukisan. Faktor evaluatif direpresentasikan oleh butir 'tidak indah—indah', 'jelek-bagus', 'tidak suka—suka', dan 'tidak mirip—mirip'. Faktor formal direpresentasikan oleh butir 'gelap-terang', 'kusam-cemerlang', dan 'kabur-jelas'. Faktor stimulatif direpresentasikan oleh butir 'sederhana-rumit', 'hidup-mati', 'kacau-tenang', dan 'kaku-luwes'. 3. Instrumen respon estetik yang dikembangkan memiliki reliabilitas yang baik, yaitu menunjukkan koefisien reliabilitas (konsistensi internal) alpha = 0,82",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 568,
"top": 335,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "dan korelasi intraklas (stabilitas) alpha = 0,71.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 348,
"width": 357,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Berdasarkan analisis varians dengan pengukuran ulang, instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa tersebut menunjukkan sensitivitas terhadap karakteristik lukisan (gaya dan tema) sebagai objek tanggapan. Hasil pengukuran juga menunjukkan pengaruh gaya dan tema lukisan serta interaksinya terhadap respons estetik siswa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 439,
"width": 100,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 451,
"width": 357,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Allen, M.J. & Yen, W.M. (1979). Introduction to measurement theory . Monterey: Brooks/Cole. Borg, W.R. & Gall, M.D. (1983). Educational research . An introduction . New York: Longman. Cleaver, D.G. (1966). Art: An introduction . New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. Feldman, E.B. (1967). Art as image and idea . New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Fernandes, H.J.X. (1984). Testing and measurement . Jakarta: National Education Planning, Evaluation, and Curriculum Development. Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Believe, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introdution to theory and research. Reading: Addison-Wesley. Garson, D.G. (2006). Factor analysis . Diambil pada tanggal 30 Nopember 2006, dari http://www2.chass.nsu.edu/garson/pa765/factor.htm Heise, D. R.(2006). The semantic differential and attitude research Diambil darihttp://www.indiana.edu/~socpsy/papers/AttMeasure/attitude. ..htm",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 809,
"height": 208,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "128 129 Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132 Gambar 4. Pengaruh Faktor Gaya, Tema, dan Interaksinya pada Respons Stimulatif",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 308,
"width": 358,
"height": 211,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan, instrumen respons estetik ini yang dikembangkan ini menunjukkan kualitas yang baik. Namun demikian, instrumen ini masih memiliki keterbatasan sebagai berikut: (1) Semantic differential terbatas pada tiga faktor atau dimensi makna menurut Osgood dkk (faktor evaluatif, potensi, dan aktivitas), belum mencakup faktor- faktor yang lain yang dapat meningkatkan validitasnya dalam mengukur respons estetik siswa; (2) Kata 'tidak indah', 'tidak mirip', dan 'tidak suka' bukan merupakan kata sifat yang murni, karena menggunakan kata 'tidak'; (3) Pengertian gaya terbatas pada aspek penggambaran objek (naturalistik, semideformatif, dan deformatif), belum mencakup aspek konsep ekspresi (sebagai aliran, seperti realisme, impresionisme, simbolisme, ekspresionisme, dan kubisme); (4) Pengertian tema terbatas jenis objek yang digambarkan (alam benda, pemandangan alam, potret pria, dan potret wanita), belum mencakup aspek naratif (sebagai isi, seperti misalnya tema kemanusian, kesejarahan, sosial, dan pengalaman psikologis); (5) Stimulus lukisan belum dibedakan menurut asal penciptanya (pelukis Indonesia dan pelukis Mancanegara).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 536,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 549,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang pengembangan instrumen pengukuran respons estetik untuk siswa SMP dengan menggunakan semantic differential , dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 589,
"width": 357,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1. Untuk menghasilkan instrumen pengukuran respons estetik untuk siswa SMP yang valid dan reliabel, dilakukan prosedur sebagai berikut: (a) penyusunan kisi-kisi untuk menetapkan butir-butir semantic differential dan pemilihan lukisan yang digunakan sebagai objek tanggapan, (b) penyusunan instrumen",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 568,
"top": 107,
"width": 339,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "pengukuran, (c) telaah atau analisis kualitatif dan perbaikan instrumen pengukuran, (d) uji coba instrumen pengukuran kepada subjek terbatas (prapenelitian), (e) uji coba instrumen di lapangan, dan (f) analisis hasil uji coba instrumen pengukuran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 161,
"width": 357,
"height": 171,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2. Berdasarkan analisis faktor, instrumen pengukuran respons estetik yang dikembangkan tersebut memiliki validitas yang baik (varians total yang dapat dijelaskan keseluruhan = 70,65%). Instrumen pengukuran ini mampu mengukur respons estetik siswa menurut faktor evaluatif, formal (potensi), dan stimulatif (aktivitas), yang berarti bahwa respon estetik siswa menunjukkan kecenderungan menilai kualitas lukisan serta merasakan bentuk dan kesan gerak pada lukisan. Faktor evaluatif direpresentasikan oleh butir 'tidak indah—indah', 'jelek-bagus', 'tidak suka—suka', dan 'tidak mirip—mirip'. Faktor formal direpresentasikan oleh butir 'gelap-terang', 'kusam-cemerlang', dan 'kabur-jelas'. Faktor stimulatif direpresentasikan oleh butir 'sederhana-rumit', 'hidup-mati', 'kacau-tenang', dan 'kaku-luwes'. 3. Instrumen respon estetik yang dikembangkan memiliki reliabilitas yang baik, yaitu menunjukkan koefisien reliabilitas (konsistensi internal) alpha = 0,82",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 568,
"top": 335,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "dan korelasi intraklas (stabilitas) alpha = 0,71.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 348,
"width": 357,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4. Berdasarkan analisis varians dengan pengukuran ulang, instrumen pengukuran respons estetik siswa tersebut menunjukkan sensitivitas terhadap karakteristik lukisan (gaya dan tema) sebagai objek tanggapan. Hasil pengukuran juga menunjukkan pengaruh gaya dan tema lukisan serta interaksinya terhadap respons estetik siswa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 439,
"width": 100,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 451,
"width": 357,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Allen, M.J. & Yen, W.M. (1979). Introduction to measurement theory . Monterey: Brooks/Cole. Borg, W.R. & Gall, M.D. (1983). Educational research . An introduction . New York: Longman. Cleaver, D.G. (1966). Art: An introduction . New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. Feldman, E.B. (1967). Art as image and idea . New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Fernandes, H.J.X. (1984). Testing and measurement . Jakarta: National Education Planning, Evaluation, and Curriculum Development. Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Believe, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introdution to theory and research. Reading: Addison-Wesley. Garson, D.G. (2006). Factor analysis . Diambil pada tanggal 30 Nopember 2006, dari http://www2.chass.nsu.edu/garson/pa765/factor.htm Heise, D. R.(2006). The semantic differential and attitude research Diambil darihttp://www.indiana.edu/~socpsy/papers/AttMeasure/attitude. ..htm",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 809,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "128 129 Pengukuran Respons Estetik Siswa.... Bambang ( ) , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 107,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi (2000). Kesenian dalam pendekatan kebudayaan . Bandung: STISI press. ___________________ (2005). Penilaian seni dan upaya pengembangannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 147,
"width": 358,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Permasalahan dan alternatif pemecahannya dalam konteks “pendidikan seni”. Rekayasa sistem penilaian dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan . Yogyakarta: Penerbit Hepi. Woolfolk, A & McCune-Nicolich, L. (1984). Educational psychology for teachers .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 201,
"width": 143,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 619,
"top": 107,
"width": 219,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "BENTUK SEBAGAI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI DALAM SENI LUKIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 693,
"top": 147,
"width": 68,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Djoko Maruto",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 644,
"top": 160,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "FBS Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 710,
"top": 184,
"width": 34,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Abstrak.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 587,
"top": 193,
"width": 283,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Tulisan ini membahas tentang bentuk dalam seni lukis. Bentuk merupakan struktur visual yang terdiri dari garis bidang warna yang disusun menggunakan prinsip – prinsip seni dalam bidang dua dimensional. Struktur visual tersebut berupa lambang, simbol, atau ikon sebagai visualisasi dari ide atau pikiran, perasaan dan emosi. Melalui bahasa rupa yang mengandung pesan – pesan inilah seniman ingin berkomunikasi baik dengan dirinya sendiri maupun manusia di luar dirinya. Dalam tulisan ini, bentuk merupakan media untuk menyampaikan pesan, dan ini disoroti dari ilmu komunikasi. Hal ini dilakukan agar dapat dipahami tentang bentuk yang berupa simbol, lambang atau ikon yang di dalamnya mengandung pesan – pesan yang dikomunikasikan kepada apresian, begitu pula dengan proses komunikasi serta kondisi – kondisi seperti apa yang harus diciptakan, sehingga bentuk sebagai media komunikasi dalam lukisan dapat menghasilkan tujuan komunikasi yang diharapkan. Artinya, dalam komunikasi akan terjadi umpan balik (feed back) dari apresian atau komunikan kepada komunikator atau pelukis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 586,
"top": 352,
"width": 176,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Kata kunci : bentuk, media komunikasi, seni lukis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 377,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 390,
"width": 357,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Manusia adalah mahkluk individu dan sosial. Dalam hubungannya dengan mahkluk sosial, maka manusia bagaimanapun juga tidak dapat terlepas dari individu yang lain. Secara kodrati manusia akan selalu hidup bersama dan saling membutuhkan satu dengan lainnya. Hidup bersama antar manusia berlangsung dalam berbagai bentuk komunikasi dan situasi yang mempengaruhi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 457,
"width": 357,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Komunikasi dapat terjadi pada siapa saja, dan melakukan komunikasi adalah merupakan bagian kebutuhan penting dari seluruh aktivitas. Semuanya agar terjadi pengertian, jalinan hubungan dan pengertian bersama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 497,
"width": 357,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Kata komunikasi (Bahasa Inggris : Communication) berasal dari kata kerja Latin “ Communicare” , yang berarti berbicara bersamaan, berunding, berdiskusi, dan berkonsultasi satu sama lain. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, penggunaan kata komunikasi dalam arti : berhubungan dengan orang lain, menyampaikan pernyataan, pikiran, atau perasaan kepada orang lain dengan atau tanpa menggunakan media (Umar Suwito, 1989 : 1). Rumusan pengertian komunikasi lain yang sering kita dengar ialah, bahwa komunikasi merupakan proses penyampaian informasi berupa lambing yang mengandung arti atau makna, dan informasi yang disampaikan itu akan menjadi milik bersama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 618,
"width": 357,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Pada dasarnya komunikasi merupakan suatu pemahaman bentuk dasar adaptasi terhadap lingkungan. Komunikasi sangat dibutuhkan untuk memperoleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 719,
"top": 659,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "133",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 83,
"width": 236,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "132 , Vol.8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 : 117 - 132",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 619,
"top": 114,
"width": 216,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "BENTUK SEBAGAI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI DALAM SENI LUKIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 644,
"top": 153,
"width": 167,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Djoko Maruto FBS Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 710,
"top": 194,
"width": 33,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 586,
"top": 205,
"width": 285,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "This article discusses forms in painting art. Forms are visual structure consisting of lines, shapes and colors arranged in two dimentional shapes based on artistic principles . The visual structure can be simbols or icons as visualization of ideas, feelings and emotions. Through this visual language containing messages artists communicate with themselves and other people. In this piece of writing, forms are media to deliver messages, and they are highlighted from communication science. This study was conducted to know whether the forms are icons, index or symbols used to convey messages to the appreciants, as well as the communication processes and conditions that must be created so that the communication through paintings fl ows as expected, meaning that there is feedback from the appreciant or communicant to the painter or the communicator.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 586,
"top": 345,
"width": 201,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 1000,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Keywords : form, media of communication, painting art",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
be760977-32cd-68b5-094e-5f45807e9141 | https://jurnal.ciptamediaharmoni.id/index.php/ptk/article/download/325/186 | [
{
"left": 299,
"top": 38,
"width": 212,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 63,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 784,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "265",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 110,
"width": 409,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penerapan Metode ODOA dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Menghafal Siswa Kelas VII B MTs Al-Jauharen Kota Jambi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 202,
"width": 70,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diterima: 11 Desember 2023 Revisi: 15 Maret 2024",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 216,
"width": 406,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terbit: 4 Mei 2024 1* Nanang Qosim Al Masquri, 2 Raoda Tul Jannah Maruddani 1 Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 244,
"width": 192,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Institut Agama Islam Muhammad Azim",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 305,
"width": 428,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak — Capaian pembelajaran terbaik dari menghafal Al-Qur'an dan aktivitas siswa harus ditaklukkan dengan menggunakan teknik yang tepat karena terkait dengan kapasitas siswa untuk mengartikulasikan setiap ayat yang dihafal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektifitas penerapan metode ODOA alam meningkatkan hasil hafalan siswa kelas VII B Juz 30 di MTs Al-Jauharen Kota Jambi melalui proyek penelitian tindakan kelas kolaboratif. Konten dimodifikasi untuk mengikuti RPP sekolah. 21 siswa di kelas VII B bertugas sebagai subjek penelitian. Melalui tes dan observasi, kemudian data dikumpulkan dan analisis secara deskriptif. Temuan penelitian adalah 21 hasil belajar menghafal siswa untuk Al-Qur'an juz 30 meningkat secara signifikan dengan pendekatan ODOA. Hal ini jelas dari awal implementasi siklus I hingga akhir siklus II. Siswa kelas VII B mengalami peningkatan kemampuan menghafal ketika pendekatan ODOA diterapkan. Kenaikan dari 61,9% (13 siswa) pada siklus I menjadi 76,2% (16 siswa) pada siklus II. Nilai rata-rata siswa meningkat dari 73 pada siklus I menjadi 78 pada siklus II.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 433,
"width": 258,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci — metode ODOA, hasil belajar menghafal, siswa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 471,
"width": 428,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract — The best learning achievements of memorizing the Qur'an and student activities must be conquered using the right technique because it is related to the capacity of students to articulate each of the memorized verses. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the application of the natural odoa method to improve the memorization results of class VII B Juz 30 students at MTs Al-Jaution, Jambi City through collaborative class action research projects. Content is modified to take part in the school RPP. 21 students in class VII B served as research subjects. Through tests and observations, then the data is collected and analysis descriptively. The research findings are 21 learning outcomes of memorizing students for the Qur'an Juz 30 increases significantly with the ODOA approach. This is clear from the beginning of the implementation of the first cycle to the end of the second cycle. Class VII B students have increased the ability to memorize when the odoa approach is applied. An increase of 61.9% (13 students) in the first cycle to 76.2% (16 students) in the second cycle. The average student value increased from 73 in the first cycle to 78 in cycle II.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 613,
"width": 291,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords— ODOA method, memorization learning outcomes, students",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 634,
"width": 195,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 673,
"width": 101,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penulis Korespondensi:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 685,
"width": 233,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nanang Qosim Al Masquri Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 211,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "266",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 785,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 88,
"width": 95,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 113,
"width": 428,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al-Qur'an memegang status pedoman yang sangat dihormati oleh umat Islam di dunia sebagai teks suci, mewujudkan nilai-nilai universal yang berfungsi sebagai prinsip panduan bagi individu dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Untuk menumbuhkan kehidupan yang ditandai dengan rahmat, kebahagiaan, dan kedamaian, disarankan untuk menyelaraskan perilaku seseorang dengan ajaran dan prinsip yang digariskan dalam firman Allah (Shahih, 2015):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 205,
"width": 398,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "َنوَُحَْرُ ت ْمُكَّلَعَل اوُقَّ تاَو ُهوُعِبَّتاَف ٌكَراَبُم ُهاَنْلَزْ نَأ ٌباَتِك اَذََٰهَو Terjemah: “dan ini adalah kitab (Al-Qur’an) yang Kami turunkan dengan penuh berkah. Maka ikutilah dan bertakwalah agar kamu diberi rahmat”. (Al-An’am ayat 155)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 286,
"width": 428,
"height": 257,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al-Qur'an yang diyakini sebagai wahyu Allah, diturunkan ke hati Nabi Muhammad. Ini dianggap sebagai teks suci dan terkandung di antara sampul buku. Al-Qur'an ditransmisikan kepada kita melalui narasi ( mutawatir) yang berarti telah dilaporkan secara konsisten dan luas. Manusia dan jin telah ditantang untuk menghasilkan surah dengan keringkasan dan keunggulan yang sama (MA, 2020). Oleh karena itu, munculnya Al-Qur'an di dunia sebagai saran inovatif untuk memulai, memulai, dan mengoptimalkan keberadaan seseorang secara maksimal. Melalui pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif tentang Al-Qur'an, individu dapat membedakan antara kebenaran moral dan amoralitas. Al-Qur'an memberikan wawasan tentang objek-objek keengganan dan kasih sayang Allah terhadap alam semesta. Pentingnya Al-Qur'an bagi umat Islam di dunia adalah topik yang sangat penting. Ini menggarisbawahi perlunya upaya dalam menjaga kadar otentiknya Al-Qur'an pada generasi berikutnya di masa depan, sehingga memungkinkan untuk memahami kadar otentiknya Al-Qur'an sesuai dengan kadar keasliannya yang tidak tercemar. Oleh karena itu, dapat dibenarkan untuk mengirimkan pengetahuan dan sumber daya yang berharga untuk memberi manfaat bagi generasi masa depan keturunan kita.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 552,
"width": 428,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk menjaga integritas Al-Qur'an, sangat penting untuk terlibat dalam tidak hanya proses membaca dan memahami isinya, tetapi juga untuk melakukan tugas memasukkannya ke dalam ingatan. Bagi banyak individu yang menganut agama Islam, proses memasukkan informasi ke dalam ingatan dapat menimbulkan tingkat tantangan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan tindakan membaca dan memahami informasi ini. Fenomena tersebut terjadi karena kandungan di dalam Al-Qur'an yang amat luas, struktur linguistiknya kompleks, dan investasi waktu yang cukup besar yang diperlukan untuk menghafalnya. Oleh karena itu, individu yang bercita-cita untuk memperoleh pengetahuan, terlibat dalam membaca, dan berkomitmen untuk mengingat Al- Qur'an dianggap sebagai penerima yang telah dipilih oleh Allah sebagai pejaga kitab suci. Allah berfirman (Shahih, 2015):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 38,
"width": 212,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 63,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 784,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "267",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 85,
"width": 411,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ْمُهْ نِمَو ِه ِسْفَ نِل ٌِلاَظ ْمُهْ نِمَف ۖ َنَِداَبِع ْنِم اَنْ يَفَطْصا َنيِذَّلا َباَتِكْلا اَنْ ثَرْوَأ َُّثُ ُيِبَكْلا ُلْضَفْلا َوُه َكِلََٰذ ۖ َِّللّا ِنْذِِبِ ِتاَْيَْلِْبِ ٌقِباَس ْمُهْ نِمَو ٌدِصَتْقُم Terjemah: “Kemudian kitab itu Kami wariskan kepada orang-orang yang Kami pilih di antara hamba-hamba Kami, lalu di antara mereka ada yang menganiaya diri mereka sendiri dan diantara mereka ada mereka sendiri dan diantara mereka ada yang pertengahan dan diantara mereka ada yang lebih dahulu berbuat kebaikan dengan izin Allah. yang demikian itu adalah karunia yang Amat besar”. (Surat Faathir ayat 32)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 238,
"width": 95,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rasulullah bersabda:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 255,
"width": 429,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ْنَع َةَدْيَ بُع َنْب َدْعَس ُتْعَِسَ ٍدَثْرَم ُنْب ُةَمَقْلَع ِنََِبَْخَأ َلاَق ُةَبْعُش اَنَ ثَّدَح ٍلاَهْ نِم ُنْب ُجاَّجَح اَنَ ثَّدَح ْنَم ْمُكُْيَخ َلاَق َمَّلَسَو ِهْيَلَع َُّللّا ىَّلَص ِيِبَّنلا ْنَع ُهْنَع َُّللّا َيِضَر َناَمْثُع ْنَع ِييِمَلُّسلا ِنَْحََّرلا ِدْبَع ِبَِأ يِذَّلا َكاَذَو َلاَق ُجاَّجَْلْا َناَك َّتََّح َناَمْثُع ِةَرْمِإ ِفِ ِنَْحََّرلا ِدْبَع وُبَأ َأَرْ قَأَو َلاَق ُهَمَّلَعَو َنآْرُقْلا َمَّلَعَ ت اَذَه يِدَعْقَم ِنَِدَعْ قَأ Terjemah: “Telah menceritakan kepada kami Hajjaj bin Minhal , telah bercerita kepada kami Syu'bah ia berkata, telah ber-cerita kepadaku Alqamah bin Martsad Aku mendengar Sa'd bin Ubaidah dari Abu Abdurrahman As-Sulami dari Utsman radliallahu'anhu, dari Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam, beliau bersabda, ‘Sebaik-baik kalian adalah yang belajar Al-Qur’an dan mengajarkannya.’ Abu Abdirrahman membacakan (Al-Qur’an) pada masa Utsman hingga Hajjaj pun berkata, ‘dan hal itulah yang menjadikanku duduk di tempat dudukku ini’”. (Hadis riwayat Muttafaq ‘alaih)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 481,
"width": 428,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hadits tersebut menyiratkan bahwa individu yang secara aktif mengejar perolehan pengetahuan yang kaitannya amat erat dengan Al-Qur'an, kemudian memberikan pengetahuan ini kepada orang lain dianggap sebagai manusia yang paling teladan dari umat manusia. Dalam istilah praktis, individu yang memulai profesi guru harus memiliki instruksi yang komprehensif dari materi pelajaran dan teknik instruksional, karena faktor-faktor ini dapat secara signifikan mempengaruhi tingkat pemahaman dan kemahiran yang dicapai oleh siswa mereka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 595,
"width": 428,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Demikian juga, dalam memperoleh keterampilan mampu menghafal Al-Qur'an dengan baik, penting untuk menggunakan metodologi yang tepat. Penggunaan metode tertentu dipandang menguntungkan dalam mencapai maksud dan tujuan yang telah dikhendaki. Bukan hanya itu, sangat penting untuk secara hati-hati menilai kesesuaian metode yang dipilih untuk memastikan bahwa hasil pembelajaran yang diinginkan dicapai dengan efisiensi dan keunggulan maksimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 690,
"width": 428,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Istilah \"metode\" mengacu pada proses memperoleh pengetahuan, melakukan penyelidikan, melakukan penyelidikan, atau menerapkan pendekatan sistematis. Sementara itu, sebagaimana didefinisikan oleh KBBI, istilah \"metode\" mengacu pada pendekatan yang terorganisir secara sistematis dan dipikirkan dengan matang yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 211,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "268",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 785,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "khususnya di bidang penyelidikan ilmiah dan disiplin terkait (Suharso & Ana, 2014). Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Maesaroh ditunjukkan bahwa metode memainkan peran penting dalam pelaksanaan praktik pendidikan, yaitu dalam penyebaran konten instruksional (Maesaroh, 2013). Pengembangan dan penerimaan konten pembelajaran yang mudah di kalangan siswa mungkin menantang jika guru tidak menggunakan pendekatan instruksional yang tepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 183,
"width": 428,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan pendapat ahli, dapat dipahami bahwa metode dapat didefinisikan sebagai sarana atau instrumen yang digunakan dalam perolehan informasi, penyelidikan, dan upaya sistematis lainnya yang bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu dalam bidang penyelidikan ilmiah. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan metodologi dalam penerapan pembelajaran memiliki kepentingan yang signifikan. Demikian juga, penggunaan teknik memori untuk menghafal Al-Qur'an, seperti penerapan metode ODOA ( One Day One Ayat ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 297,
"width": 428,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode ODOA ialah teknik dalam menghafal Al-Qur’an yang melibatkan hafalan satu ayat per hari (Budiono, 2018). Dalam kasus ayat yang pendek, adalah mungkin untuk lebih dari satu/dua ayat saat dihafal. Sebaliknya, garis yang lebih panjang mungkin memerlukan hingga dua hari untuk menghafal sempurna. Menurut Hermawan dan Luthfianty pemanfaatan metode ODOA berpotensi mengoptimalkan kemampuan kognitif anak, khususnya dalam upaya peningkatan hafalan Al-Qur'an dengan merangsang belahan otak kanan dan kiri (Mawarni & Ashadi, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 411,
"width": 428,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan pendapat ahli, dapat dipahami bahwa pendekatan ODOA adalah strategi menghafal yang digunakan dalam studi Al-Qur'an, di mana satu ayat berkomitmen untuk diingat setiap hari. Dalam kasus di mana sebuah ayat cukup panjang, mungkin memerlukan dua hari untuk menghafal lengkap, sedangkan ayat-ayat yang lebih pendek dapat dihafal dalam satu hari atau bahkan beberapa ayat sekaligus. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan metode ODOA dianggap cocok guna mencapai tujuan menghafal juz 30 di dalam Al-Qur’an.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 428,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode ODOA dalam kegiatan menghafal ayat Al-Qur'an memiliki beberapa keunggulan. Pertama, Pendekatan ini sangat cocok untuk penghafal pemula di antara individu usia sekolah. Kedua, Pendekatan ini memastikan penggunaan teknik menghafal yang konsisten, sehingga mengurangi potensi paksaan dari waktu ke waktu. Ketiga , pendekatan ini ditandai dengan kesederhanaan dan kepraktisannya (Budiono, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 620,
"width": 428,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konsep hasil belajar, seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Sudjana yang mengacu pada kompetensi dan keterampilan yang diperoleh seseorang setelah pengalaman belajar (Sudjana, 2014). Menurut perspektif Woordworth, hasil belajar mengacu pada transformasi perilaku individu yang terjadi sebagai konsekuensi dari keterlibatan dalam proses belajar (Dirman & Cicih, 2014). Hasil dari pembelajaran mencakup berbagai domain, termasuk domain kognitif, emosional, dan psikomotorik, secara komprehensif (Qamaria & Astuti, 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 38,
"width": 212,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 63,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 784,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "269",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan pendapat ahli, dapat dipahami bahwa hasil belajar mengacu pada kompetensi yang diperoleh oleh individu setelah instruksi, yang mengarah ke modifikasi yang dapat diamati dalam perilaku sebagai konsekuensi dari pengalaman pendidikan. Berbagai bentuk mencakup domain kognitif, emosional, dan psikomotorik. Dengan demikian yang dimaksud hasil belajar dalam penelitian ini ialah hasil belajar kognitif dari kegiatan menghafal juz 30.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 183,
"width": 428,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut temuan pengamatan awal peneliti, MTs Al-Jauharen Kota Jambi menawarkan mata pelajaran Quran dan Tahfiz, yang meliputi kegiatan yang difokuskan pada hafalan juz ke-30 Al- Quran. Peneliti memperoleh data bahwa teknik menghafal yang digunakan oleh siswa adalah metode pembelajaran mandiri (otodidak). Faktor tersebut berkontribusi terhadap penurunan keterlibatan siswa dalam kegiatan belajar dan hasil yang kurang optimal dalam pembelajaran berbasis hafalan mereka. Di kelas VII B, terdiri dari 21 murid laki-laki. Dari jumlah murid tersebut, hanya tujuh (7) siswa terhitung 33,3% dari total yang mampu mencapai skor Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM). Sebaliknya, mayoritas siswa sebanyak 14 siswa terhitung 66,7% belum mencapai skor KKM yang ditetapkan oleh sekolah yang berada di angka 75.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 354,
"width": 428,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan data di atas dapat dipahami bahwa belum optimalnya kemampuan menghafal Al-Qur’an juz 30 siswa kelas VII B di MTs Al-Jauharen Kota Jambi serta pentingnya meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keaktifan siswa dalam, maka perlu upaya perbaikan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan ialah dengan menerapkan metode belajar yang tepat. Budiono menjelaskan bahwa metode ODOA bisa dimanfaatkan dalam upaya meningkatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an siswa dengan sistematikan menghafal satu hari satu ayat (Budiono, 2018). Metode ODOA mampu mengoptimalkan kemampuan kognitif anak, khususnya dalam upaya peningkatan hafalan Al-Qur'an dengan merangsang belahan otak kanan dan kiri (Mawarni & Ashadi, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 428,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun langkah-langkah pelaksanaan metode ODOA adalah 1) Ayat yang harus dihafal ditulis dalam bahasa Arab dan terjemahannya pada papan tulis. 2) Guru membaca ayat dengan lantang, jelas, dan lancar, fokus pada pengucapan dan intonasi, sementara anak mengikuti. 3) Guru menginstruksikan anak untuk membaca kembali ayat tersebut dengan memeriksa teks tertulis di papan tulis. 4) Beberapa ayat ditulis dan kemudian dihapus secara selektif, hanya menyisakan huruf-huruf penting dari ayat yang dihafal. 5) Guru meminta anak itu untuk melafalkan ayat tersebut dengan merujuk pada huruf-huruf penting yang ada di papan tulis. 6) Setelah anak sepenuhnya menghafal seluruh ayat, huruf-huruf penting di papan tulis dihapus. 7) Guru memilih setiap anak secara individu untuk melafalkan ayat yang dihafalkan di depan kelas. 8) Anak telah membaca jumlah buku yang sama dengan jumlah teman sebaya di kelas, mempromosikan menghafal di antara anak-anak (Anwar & Hafiyana, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 211,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "270",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 785,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode ODOA dalam proses pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan daya ingat anak dalam menghafal Al-Qur’an (Mawarni & Ashadi, 2020). Hasil yang sama ditunjukkan dari penelitian Idrus et al., bahwa penerapan metode ODOA berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan daya ingat anak dalam usaha menghafal Al-Qur’an (Idrus et al., 2022) Selanjutnya metode ODOA efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menghafal Al-Qur’an (Nisa’ & Chotimah, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 202,
"width": 428,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian penelitian terdahulu mengenai penerapan metode ODOA yang dapat mendukung siswa dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar menghafal siswa dalam menghafal Al- Qur’an, maka penelitian ini akan berfokus pada peningkatan hasil belajar menghafal juz 30 dan keaktifan belajar siswa di kelas VII B MTs Al-Jauharen Kota Jambi yang masih belum optimal dengan menggunakan metode ODOA sesuai dengan materi yang dituangkan dalam Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran untuk mata pelajaran Quran dan Tahfizh. Materi ini mencakup hafalan Surat Az-Zalzalah, Surat Al-Qadr, dan Surat Al-Bayyinah. Dengan uraian tersebut, maka peneliti tertarik untuk mengadakan riset dengan judul : “Penerapan Metode ODOA dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Menghafal Siswa Kelas VII B MTs Al-Jauharen Kota Jambi”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 263,
"top": 392,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "II. METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 418,
"width": 431,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian tindakan kelas, yang biasa disebut sebagai PTK (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas) dalam konteks pendidikan Indonesia. Chotibuddin mengklaim bahwa penelitian tindakan kelas mengacu pada penelitian yang dilakukan oleh pendidik dengan tujuan meningkatkan atau menyempurnakan proses pembelajaran melalui keterlibatan aktif dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar (Chotibuddin, 2018). Menurut Mill, penelitian tindakan kelas adalah penyelidikan metodis yang dilakukan oleh pendidik dan administrator untuk memeriksa pendekatan instruksional mereka (Mualimin & Cahyadi, 2014). Sesuai dengan pendapat Wijaya et al., penelitian tindakan kelas mengacu pada pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan dalam setting kelas, yaitu sepanjang proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kolaboratif, yang mengharuskan pembentukan hubungan kerja sama antara peneliti dan guru yang berfungsi sebagai kolaborator (Wijaya et al., 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 627,
"width": 428,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kerangka prosedural penelitian tindakan kelas mencakup beberapa siklus dan memerlukan berbagai tahapan selama pelaksanaannya, dimulai dengan fase perencanaan awal. Tahap implementasi adalah fase di mana tindakan dan strategi yang direncanakan dipraktikkan. Tahap awal penelitian melibatkan tahap observasi. Langkah keempat melibatkan refleksi. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan mekanisme penelitian yang akan diimplementasikan dalam beberapa siklus untuk mendapatkan data yang menghasilkan hasil yang ideal dan selaras dengan tujuan yang diinginkan. Setiap siklus memiliki empat sesi instruksional. Penanda tindakan efektif dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 38,
"width": 212,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 63,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 784,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "271",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "digambarkan dengan argumentasi yang dapat dilihat dalam hasil belajar siswa. Penanda keberhasilan ini meliputi: 1. Pencapaian hasil belajar siswa dianggap memuaskan ketika mencapai ambang batas 75% atau lebih tinggi. 2. Mencapai nilai ketuntasan minimum (KKM) sekolah yaitu nilai 75. dan 3. Keterlibatan dalam kegiatan belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan sebesar 75% atau lebih besar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 183,
"width": 428,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini terdiri dari 21 siswa laki-laki kelas VII B MTs Al-Jauharen Kota Jambi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi observasi dan tes. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data deskriptif untuk analisis data. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data kualitatif untuk menjelaskan pengaruh metode ODOA dalam memfasilitasi penghafalan surah Az-Zalzalah, Al-Qadr, dan Al-Bayyinah. Selanjutnya, data yang diperoleh dari penyelidikan disajikan secara deskriptif, diikuti dengan perumusan kesimpulan. Analisis data kuantitatif digunakan untuk menilai peningkatan hasil belajar dan keterlibatan siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Karena data-data tersebut disajikan berdasarkan angka, analisis yang digunakan yaitu persentase dengan rumus Matematika untuk menentukan tingkat pencapaian hasil belajar siswa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 373,
"width": 258,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Teknik analisis terhadap hasil belajar siswa berupa tes:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 392,
"width": 206,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rumus menentukan tingkat pencapaian siswa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 410,
"width": 276,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐾𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑛 = 𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑤𝑎 𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑢ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑤𝑎 𝑥 100% (1)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 438,
"width": 428,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persentase penyelesaian dapat dihitung dengan membagi jumlah siswa yang telah menyelesaikan tugas tertentu dengan jumlah total siswa yang terlibat dalam tugas itu, dan kemudian mengalikan hasilnya dengan 100%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 170,
"top": 514,
"width": 259,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Kriteria Presentase Ketuntasan Hasil Belajar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 537,
"width": 259,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No Interval Persentase Kategori 1. 81% - 100% S. Baik 2. 66% - 79 % Baik 3. 50% - 65% Cukup 4. 0 % - 49% Kurang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 645,
"width": 243,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Rumus menentukan nilai rata-rata kelompok siswa:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 663,
"width": 219,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "𝑁𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 − 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑎𝑘ℎ𝑖𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑤𝑎",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 675,
"width": 53,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑤𝑎",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 402,
"top": 664,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 691,
"width": 428,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persentase ini dihitung dengan menjumlahkan nilai semua siswa dan membagi total dengan jumlah siswa dalam kelompok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 211,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "272",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 785,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 88,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2. Kriteria Nilai Rata-rata",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 111,
"width": 259,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No Interval Nilai Kategori 1. 80 – 100 S. Baik 2. 75 – 79 Baik 3. 60 - 74 Cukup 4. 0 - 59 Kurang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 219,
"width": 315,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Teknik analisis terhadap penilaian lembar observasi aktivitas siswa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 238,
"width": 194,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rumus untuk menghitung keaktifan siswa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 256,
"width": 213,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝑆𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑒ℎ",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 257,
"width": 117,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "𝑆𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑋 100% (3)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 301,
"width": 428,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persentase pencapaian dapat dihitung dengan membagi skor yang diperoleh dengan skor maksimum dan kemudian mengalikan hasilnya dengan 100%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 340,
"width": 266,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3. Kriteria Persentase Observasi Aktivitas Siswa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 362,
"width": 259,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No Interval Nilai Kategori 1. 80% - 100% S. Baik 2. 66% - 79% Baik 3. 50% - 65% Cukup 4. 0% - 49% Kurang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 514,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 541,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Hasil Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 560,
"width": 428,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus, dengan masing-masing siklus terdiri dari empat pertemuan atau sesi pembelajaran tatap muka. Setiap pertemuan dialokasikan durasi 2 x 40 menit. Proses penelitian biasanya mencakup empat fase utama, termasuk desain, implementasi, pengumpulan data, dan analisis. Data yang dikumpulkan selama setiap literasi berkaitan dengan kegiatan belajar dan hasil belajar siswa, sebagaimana dinilai menggunakan instrumen pengumpulan data yang telah ditetapkan. Instrumen ini termasuk format observasi dan tes yang telah dirancang dengan cermat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 38,
"width": 212,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 63,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 784,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "273",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 132,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Hasil Penelitian Siklus I",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 107,
"width": 105,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Tahap Perencanaan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 126,
"width": 428,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada titik ini, peneliti sedang dalam proses mengembangkan materi pendidikan untuk Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) yang selaras dengan kriteria kompetensi untuk menghafal Surat Az-Zalzalah dan Surat Al-Qadr. Materi-materi ini mencakup indikator khusus yang memungkinkan siswa untuk mahir membaca Surat Az-Zalzalah dan Al-Qadr, mengikuti prinsip-prinsip tajwid, fashohah, dan tartil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengusulkan teknik mnemonik, yang disebut pendekatan ODOA, untuk memfasilitasi penghafalan Juz 30. Proses pengembangan instrumen penelitian melibatkan pembuatan lembar observasi untuk mencatat kegiatan siswa dan lembar penilaian untuk mengevaluasi hafalan mereka terhadap Surat Az- Zalzalah dan Surat Al-Qadr.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 297,
"width": 146,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Tahap Pelaksanaan Tindakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 316,
"width": 428,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan belajar mengajar siklus awal dilaksanakan pada tanggal 9 - 18 Februari 2021 di Kelas VII B dengan angkatan 21 murid. Dalam skenario ini, peneliti terlibat dan berkolaborasi dengan guru mata pelajaran, dengan asumsi peran pengamat. Proses belajar mengajar berkaitan dengan rencana instruksional terstruktur yang telah dikembangkan. Setelah berakhirnya proses belajar mengajar, siswa diberikan tes formatif I untuk menilai tingkat hasil belajar siswa yang dicapai selama periode instruksional. Berdasarkan penilaian pembelajaran siswa, diamati bahwa dari ukuran sampel 21 siswa, sebanyak 13 individu, atau sekitar 61,9%, telah menunjukkan tingkat ketuntasan belajar yang memuaskan. Dari total populasi siswa, telah diamati bahwa 8 siswa, terhitung 38,1% dari kelompok, belum mencapai ketuntasan. Mengenai hasil penilaian siklus awal, dapat dijelaskan bahwa skor maksimum yang dicapai adalah 96, sedangkan skor minimum yang tercatat adalah 20. Skor rata-rata untuk kelas dihitung menjadi 73,24.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 101,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Tahap Pengamatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 544,
"width": 428,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan pengamatan dilakukan bersamaan dengan pelaksanaan intervensi pedagogis. Peneliti telah mengidentifikasi beberapa pengamatan kunci dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, diamati bahwa siswa menunjukkan perhatian terhadap penjelasan guru selama penyajian materi pembelajaran berbasis hafalan. Kedua, siswa menunjukkan motivasi dan keterlibatan dalam kegiatan belajar menghafal. Ketiga, siswa menunjukkan sikap serius dan berkomitmen terhadap proses menghafal. Keempat, siswa terlibat dalam latihan berulang dari materi yang dihafal sebelumnya. Kelima, siswa mematuhi aturan tajwid saat membaca. Keenam, siswa menunjukkan kelancaran dalam membaca mereka. Terakhir, siswa menunjukkan kemahiran dalam membaca dengan tartil. Pada akhir siklus I, tingkat pencapaian keaktifan siswa sebesar 65% (menunjukkan kategori cukup).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 211,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "274",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 785,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 84,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Tahap Refleksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 107,
"width": 428,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tujuan dari tahap ini adalah untuk menilai efektivitas tindakan yang dilaksanakan selama siklus I untuk menentukan tingkat keberhasilannya. Kesimpulan dari refleksi ini dapat berfungsi sebagai sumber daya berharga bagi para peneliti dan guru dalam merumuskan rencana aksi untuk siklus berikutnya, dengan tujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan pengalaman belajar. Untuk menghindari pengulangan kesalahan yang sama dari siklus sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 202,
"width": 428,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penilaian akhir siklus awal, yang mencakup konten dari Surat Az-Zalzalah dan Surat Al-Qadr, menghasilkan skor 66,7%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja tidak memenuhi ambang batas keberhasilan yang ditetapkan, yang ditetapkan sebesar 75%. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan lembar kegiatan siswa, dicapai persentase 65,8% yang termasuk dalam kategori baik. Namun, penting untuk dicatat bahwa hasil ini tidak memenuhi indikator keberhasilan tindakan yang diinginkan sebesar 75%. Berdasarkan hasil ujian akhir dan persentase ke-terlibatan siswa, untuk mengatasi ke-terbatasan yang diidentifikasi dalam siklus I dan meningkatkan hasil pem- belajaran berbasis hafalan dan keterlibatan siswa, pendekatan instruksional lebih disempurnakan dalam siklus II melalui penerapan peningkatan berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 373,
"width": 428,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Guru secara efisien mengalokasikan waktu untuk kegiatan menghafal. Mengingat bahwa pokok bahasan yang akan datang berkaitan dengan menghafal Surah Al-Bayyinah, yang terdiri dari delapan ayat, diusulkan agar dua sesi awal dialokasikan untuk empat ayat pertama, sedangkan dua sesi berikutnya didedikasikan untuk empat ayat yang tersisa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 449,
"width": 425,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Guru menggunakan strategi motivasi dengan mengekspresikan kekaguman terhadap anak- anak yang menunjukkan keterampilan menghafal yang kuat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 506,
"width": 134,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Hasil Penelitian Siklus II",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 105,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Tahap Perencanaan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 543,
"width": 428,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada titik ini, peneliti sedang dalam proses mengembangkan materi pendidikan untuk pelaksanaan rencana pembelajaran, khususnya berfokus pada penghafalan Surat Al-Bayyinah. Materi-materi ini dirancang agar selaras dengan persyaratan kompetensi dan mencakup indikator yang menilai kemampuan siswa untuk membaca Surat Al-Bayyinah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip tajwid, fashohah, dan tartil. Penelitian ini mengusulkan penerapan pendekatan ODOA sebagai teknik menghafal Juz 30. Proses pengembangan instrumen penelitian meliputi pembuatan lembar observasi untuk mendokumentasikan kegiatan mahasiswa dan perumusan lembar penilaian untuk mengevaluasi hafalan Surat Al-Bayyinah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 696,
"width": 146,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Tahap Pelaksanaan Tindakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 714,
"width": 428,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Upaya instruksional dan pendidikan untuk tahap kedua dilakukan dari 23 Februari hingga 4 Maret 2021, di dalam batas-batas Kelas VII B, yang terdiri dari kelompok 21 siswa. Dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 38,
"width": 212,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 63,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 784,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "275",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "skenario khusus ini, peneliti terlibat dalam upaya kolaboratif dengan guru mata pelajaran, dengan asumsi peran pengamat. Proses belajar mengajar berkaitan dengan rencana instruksional terstruktur yang telah dikembangkan. Setelah berakhirnya periode instruksional, siswa diberikan tes formatif II untuk menilai tingkat pencapaian yang dicapai oleh siswa selama proses belajar mengajar. Dalam hal sejauh mana siswa telah mencapai pembelajaran komprehensif, diamati bahwa dari kelompok 21 siswa, 16 individu atau 76,2% dari total, telah berhasil mencapai keadaan ketuntasan belajar. Dari total populasi siswa, diamati bahwa 5 individu terhitung 21,8% dari kohort, belum mencapai ketuntasan. Mengenai hasil penilaian siklus II, dapat dijelaskan bahwa skor maksimum yang dicapai adalah 95, sedangkan skor minimum yang dicatat adalah 50. Skor rata-rata untuk kelas ditentukan menjadi 77,52.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 278,
"width": 101,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Tahap Pengamatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 297,
"width": 428,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan pengamatan dilakukan bersamaan dengan pelaksanaan instruksional dan pendidikan. Peneliti telah mengidentifikasi beberapa aspek kunci selama pengamatan, antara lain: 1) Siswa menunjukkan perhatian terhadap penjelasan guru selama penyampaian materi pembelajaran berbasis hafalan. 2) Siswa menunjukkan motivasi dan keterlibatan dalam kegiatan belajar menghafal. 3) Para siswa menunjukkan sikap serius dan berkomitmen terhadap proses menghafal. 4) Para siswa terlibat dalam praktik berulang dari materi yang dihafal sebelumnya. 5) Para siswa mematuhi aturan tajwid saat membaca. 6) Para siswa menunjukkan kelancaran dalam membaca mereka. 7) Para siswa menggunakan tartil, atau pola pembacaan ritmis, saat membaca. Pada akhir siklus kedua, tingkat keterlibatan siswa diukur menjadi 75,85%, menunjukkan tingkat keaktifan yang memuaskan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 487,
"width": 84,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Tahap Refleksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 506,
"width": 428,
"height": 219,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tujuan dari tahap ini adalah untuk menilai efektivitas tindakan yang dilaksanakan selama siklus II untuk menentukan tingkat keberhasilannya. Output dari analisis reflektif ini dapat berfungsi sebagai sumber daya berharga bagi para peneliti dan pendidik (kolaborator) dalam merumuskan rencana aksi masa depan dengan tujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan praktik instruksional. Untuk menghindari pengulangan kesalahan yang sama dari siklus sebelumnya. Hasil yang diperoleh dari tes akhir pada siklus II adalah 76,2%. Skor rata-rata siswa menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan sebesar 77,52 (dibulatkan menjadi 78). Selanjutnya, data yang dikumpulkan dari lembar aktivitas siswa siklus kedua mengungkapkan tingkat aktivitas siswa sebesar 75,85%, yang termasuk dalam kategori \"baik\". Berdasarkan hasil ujian akhir dan peningkatan yang diamati dalam keterlibatan siswa, serta pencapaian tolok ukur kinerja yang diantisipasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa telah ada kemajuan dalam mencapai hasil pendidikan yang diinginkan. Oleh karena itu, pelaksanaan tindakan dalam penelitian ini diakhiri pada siklus II.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 211,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "276",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 785,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 100,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B. Pembahasan Hasil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 107,
"width": 428,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan pembelajaran menghafal Al-Qur’an dengan metode ODOA yang telah diterapkan terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menghafal Al-Qur’an juz 30 siswa kelas VII B MTs Al-Jauharen Kota Jambi yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan pada aspek hasil belajar dan keaktifan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian yang sama dilakukan oleh Mawarni dan Ashadi yang menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode ODOA dalam proses pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan daya ingat anak dalam menghafal Al-Qur’an secara lebih baik (Mawarni & Ashadi, 2020). Hasil yang sama ditunjukkan dari penelitian Idrus et al., bahwa penerapan metode ODOA berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan daya ingat anak dalam usaha menghafal Al-Qur’an (Idrus et al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 278,
"width": 428,
"height": 314,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Budiono mengemukakan bahwa metode ODOA ialah teknik dalam menghafal Al-Qur’an yang melibatkan hafalan satu ayat per hari (Budiono, 2018). Dalam kasus ayat yang pendek, adalah mungkin untuk lebih dari satu/dua ayat saat dihafal. Sebaliknya, untuk ayat yang lebih panjang mungkin memerlukan hingga dua hari untuk menghafal sempurna. Menurut Mawarni dan Ashadi, pemanfaatan metode ODOA berpotensi mengoptimalkan kemampuan kognitif, khususnya dalam upaya peningkatan hafalan Al-Qur'an dengan merangsang belahan otak kanan dan kiri (Mawarni & Ashadi, 2020). Berdasarkan teori lain bahwa menghafal secara bertahap sedikit demi sedikit setiap hari dapat meningkatkan retensi dinyatakan oleh Cherry, \"semakin banyak keterhubungan\" antara potongan-potongan informasi, \"semakin mungkin kita untuk mengingatnya.\" Ini karena \"kelebihan artinya siswa akan memiliki lebih banyak kesempatan untuk mengakses semua potongan informasi terkait tersebut.\" (Cherry, 2023). Demikian pula, Menurut Derek Bok Center For Teaching and Learning menyarankan bahwa \"pembelajaran dan pengingatan informasi secara berulang selama jangka waktu yang panjang\" lebih efektif untuk retensi daripada mencoba mempelajari segalanya dalam waktu singkat (Derek Book Center, 2024). Hal ini didukung oleh teknik spacing , yang melibatkan pembelajaran informasi selama periode waktu yang lebih lama daripada mencoba menyerap semuanya sekaligus (Siu, 2020). Dengan demikian hal ini sejalan dengan prinsip dari metode ODOA itu sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 601,
"width": 428,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembelajaran dengan metode ODOA dimulai dengan langkah-langkah berikut: 1) Ayat yang harus dihafal ditulis dalam bahasa Arab dan terjemahannya pada papan tulis. 2) Guru membaca ayat dengan lantang, jelas, dan lancar, fokus pada pengucapan dan intonasi, sementara anak mengikuti. 3) Guru menginstruksikan anak untuk membaca kembali ayat tersebut dengan memeriksa teks tertulis di papan tulis. 4) Beberapa ayat ditulis dan kemudian dihapus secara selektif, hanya menyisakan huruf-huruf penting dari ayat yang dihafal. 5) Guru meminta anak itu untuk melafalkan ayat tersebut dengan merujuk pada huruf-huruf penting yang ada di papan tulis. 6) Setelah anak sepenuhnya menghafal seluruh ayat, huruf-huruf penting di papan tulis dihapus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 38,
"width": 212,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 63,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 784,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "277",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7) Guru memilih setiap anak secara individu untuk melafalkan ayat yang dihafalkan di depan kelas. 8) Anak telah membaca jumlah buku yang sama dengan jumlah teman sebaya di kelas, mempromosikan menghafal di antara anak-anak (Anwar & Hafiyana, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 142,
"width": 428,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan Nisa’ dan Chotimah menyatakan bahwa penting bagi guru untuk menerapkan metode ODOA karena terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menghafal Al-Qur’an siswa (Nisa’ & Chotimah, 2020). Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan di setiap siklusnya. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh sepanjang penelitian ditemukan bukti bahwa penerapan metode ODOA menghasilkan peningkatan hasil belajar menghafal Al- Qur’an Juz 30 dan keaktifan belajar siswa saat menghafal surat Az-Zalzalah, Al-Qadr, dan Al- Bayyinah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 278,
"width": 428,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kenaikan tingkat penyelesaian siswa selama siklus I menghasilkan pencapaian yang tercatat sebesar 61,9% dengan total 13 siswa berhasil mencapai ketuntasan. Pada pelaksanaan siklus II, terjadi peningkatan lanjutan tingkat penyelesaian siswa yang mencapai 76,2% dengan total 16 siswa berhasil mencapai ketuntasan. Nilai rata-rata siswa pun juga mengalami peningkatan selama kegiatan penelitian berlangsung. Selama pelaksanaan siklus I, nilainya mencapai 73. Selain itu pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 78. Tingkat keaktifan siswa juga menunjukkan peningkatan pada kedua siklus. Pada siklus I dengan tingkat 65% termasuk dalam kategori cukup dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan menjadi 75,58% kategori baik. Pada siklus II, indikator keberhasilan tindakan dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan metode ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 449,
"width": 428,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil belajar dan keaktifan siswa dalam kegiatan menghafal Al-Qur’an juz 30 di kelas VII B MTs Al-Jauharen terbukti meningkat dengan diterapkannya metode ODOA. Kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan metode ODOA juga mempengaruhi keberhasilan dan peningkatan hasil belajar dan keaktifan siswa. Upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh guru dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar menghafal dan keaktifan siswa pada kegiatan pembelajaran dengan metode ODOA yaitu memberikan bimbingan kepada siswa di awal-akhir kegiatan pembelajaran kemudian mengevaluasi setiap pembelajaran guna memecahkan setiap masalah yang ada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 247,
"top": 601,
"width": 101,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IV. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 627,
"width": 428,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode ODOA untuk menghafal Al-Qur'an juz 30 dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keterlibatan siswa kelas VII B MTs Al-Jauharen Kota Jambi. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil eksekusi dari siklus I sampai akhir siklus II. Pada Siklus I, 61,9% siswa (13 siswa) mencapai ketuntasan. Sedangkan pada Siklus II, 76,2% siswa (16 siswa) mencapai ketuntasan. Skor rata-rata murid meningkat menjadi 73 pada siklus I dan 78 pada siklus II. Selain itu, dalam proses pembelajaran, siswa secara aktif terlibat dalam pembelajaran. Selama",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 211,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "278",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 785,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "siklus I, persentase pencapaian adalah 65%, termasuk dalam kategori yang cukup. Selama siklus II, tingkat pencapaian naik menjadi 75,85%, mengkategorikannya sebagai baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 151,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 179,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ana, Retnoningsih & Suharso. (2014). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Edisi Lux Index . Semarang: Widya Karya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 204,
"width": 429,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anwar, K., & Hafiyana, M. (2018). Implementasi Metode ODOA (One Day One Ayat) dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menghafal al-Quran. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Indonesia , 2 (2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.35316/jpii.v2i2.71 Budiono, B. (2018). IMPLEMENTASI METODE ONE DAY ONE AYAT (ODOA) DALAM MENINGKATKAN HAFALAN SURAT PENDEK DALAM ALQUR’AN PADA SISWA TUNANETRA DI SDLB PUTRA MANUNGGAL GOMBONG. DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik , 2 (2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.20961/jdc. v2i2.23918",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 305,
"width": 428,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cherry, K. (2023). How to Learn More Effectively 10 Learning Techniques to Try . New York: Verywell mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/how-to-become-a-more-effective-learner -2795162",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 343,
"width": 428,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chotibuddin, Z. A. & M. (2018). Teori dan Aplikasi Penelitian Tindakan Kelas: (PTK) . Yogyakarta: Deepublish.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 369,
"width": 428,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Derek Book Center, T. (2024). HOW MEMORY WORKS. Cambridge: Harvard Univesity. https://bokcenter.harvard.edu/how-memory-works#:~:text=There%20are%20three%20 main%20processes,through%20which%20information%20is%20learned.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 407,
"width": 429,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dirman. (2014). Penilaian dan Evaluasi dalam Rangka Implementasi Standar Proses Pendidikan Sisswa . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 432,
"width": 427,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Idrus, P. Q. A., Musi, M. A., & Bachtiar, M. Y. (2022). PENGARUH MENGHAFAL AL- QUR’AN METODE ONE DAY ONE AYAT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN DAYA INGAT ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI TK MALIMPUNG PATAMPANUA PINRANG.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 470,
"width": 308,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AL IHSAN: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini , 3 (2), Article 2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 483,
"width": 425,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "MA, H. A. A. (2020). Panduan Tahsin Tilawah Al-Qur’an & Ilmu Tajwid . Jakarta: Pustaka Al- Kautsar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 508,
"width": 428,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maesaroh, S. (2013). PERANAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP MINAT DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM. Jurnal Kependidikan , 1 (1), 150–168. https://doi.org/10.24090/jk.v1i1.536",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 546,
"width": 428,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mawarni, M. I., & Ashadi, F. (2020). Upaya Meningkatkan Daya Ingat Anak dalam Menghafal Al-Qur’an Melalui Metode One Day One Ayat (ODOA) di PAUD Aster 23 Jember. JECIE (Journal of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education) , 4 (1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.31537/jecie.v4i1.492",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 597,
"width": 431,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mualimin, M., & Cahyadi, R. A. H. (2014). Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Teori dan Praktik. Sidoarjo: Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 620,
"width": 428,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nisa’, K., & Chotimah, C. (2020). EFEKTIVITAS METODE ODOA (ONE DAY ONE AYAT) DALAM MENGHAFAL ALQURAN DI SMP MBAH BOLONG JOMBANG. JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT , 8 (4), 281–281. Retrieved March 29, 2024, from https://journal.ipts.ac.id/index.php/ED/article/view/2168",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 673,
"width": 427,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Qamaria , R. S., & Astuti, F. (2023). Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Pada Remaja Melalui Konseling Behavioral Dengan Teknik Self Management. Proyeksi, 18(1), 1-22.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 697,
"width": 428,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Shahih, T. (2015). Al-Qur’an Tajwid Warna, Terjemah Indonesia: Plus Transliterasi Latin . Jakarta: Shahih.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 38,
"width": 212,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK, Vol.4 No.2 Mei 2024 ISSN: 2747-1977 (Print) / 2747-1969 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 63,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.53624/ptk.v4i2.325",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 784,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas | Hal : 265-279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 122,
"width": 429,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siu, J. (2020). Memory Retention . https://www.curioustem.org/stem-articles/memory-retention Sudjana, N. (2014). Penilaian Hasil Proses Belajar Mengajar (Bandung). Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 160,
"width": 428,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wijaya, C., Syahrum, S., & Ananda, R. (2013). Penelitian Tindakan Kelas: Melejitkan Kemampuan Penelitian Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran Guru . Bandung: Citapustaka Media Perintis.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
c5511fca-db1c-eba5-3f33-3bf051dc57c1 | https://journal.itltrisakti.ac.id/index.php/jmbtl/article/download/867/457 | [
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "151",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 83,
"width": 324,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "UTILISASI PENUMPUKAN PETI DI DEPO PETI KEMAS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 119,
"width": 77,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Asep Ali Thabah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 273,
"top": 119,
"width": 176,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Rahmanda Iman Putra",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 132,
"width": 74,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "STMT Trisakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 132,
"width": 103,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "[email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 145,
"width": 106,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "[email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 165,
"width": 60,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 186,
"width": 363,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Based on the analysis of Queing Theory, the utilisation of the first location A.04.1 shows that the crate box 2.21/day (λ1), the crate box 0.2217/day (m1), 4.75 % (r1) and the crate box of the second location A.04.2 is 5.93/day (λ2), 0,3788 the crate box/day (m2), and 7,45% (r2). These results show that the utilisation of the two locations are below of what is expected. In this case, the research has provided the solutions which are to increase the traffic or volume of the crate and increase the marketing of the location utilisations using 4P’s (Product, Price, Promotion, Place).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 311,
"width": 273,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Keyword: queing theory, location utilisation, crate box, 4P’s",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 348,
"width": 99,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 370,
"width": 370,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Aktivitas perekonomian mengalami perkembangan yang pesat seiring dengan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Hal ini mengakibatkan persaingan dunia usaha yang semakin ketat antar pelaku usaha yang bergerak dalam dunia bisnis yang sama. Persaingan yang terjadi menuntut setiap perusahaan untuk melakukan hal yang terbaik untuk dapat memenangkan pasar yang dituju. Pada saat persaingan semakin ketat, suatu perusahaan harus mampu menjalankan aktivitas perusahaannya secara efektif dan efisien agar mampu berkembang dalam mencapai tujuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 508,
"width": 368,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung adalah salah satu perusahaan yang mengelola kawasan industri terpadu berstatus berikat yang berfungsi sebagai kawasan proses ekspor ( export processing zone - EPZ) dan non-berikat, serta jasa pelayanan logistik yang meliputi usaha angkutan, mekanik, dokumen ( forwarding ), dan pergudangan ( warehousing ). Dalam melaksanakan usahanya, perseroan menjalankan dua bisnis utama yang terdiri dari jasa properti dan pelayanan logistik yang menyediakan jasa penyewaan lahan untuk penumpukan peti kemas baik untuk ekspor-impor dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "152",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 83,
"width": 364,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "berkaitan dengan lokasi gudang yang strategis, ruang gudang yang luas, kondisi bangunan yang baik serta sarana penunjang seperti alat angkat berat, peti kemas, alat transportasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 131,
"width": 369,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Untuk mendukung kegiatan serta meningkatkan layanan para pelanggan, perusahaan menyediakan fasilitas penunjang mulai keamanan dan ketertiban hingga pengendalian lingkungan. Perusahaan mengenali para pemakai jasa baik mengenai keinginan konsumen, motif dan tingkah laku konsumen. Dengan pelayanan yang diberikan perusahaan kepada pelanggan maka dengan sendirinya akan mengikat pelanggan untuk terus menggunakan jasa perusahaan sekaligus mempermudah konsumen untuk dapat menerima informasi tentang kegiatan usaha perusahaan dan pada akhirnya akan berdampak positif pada pemasaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 268,
"width": 368,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Kegiatan usaha PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung yaitu, pergudangan atau penimbunan, pembukuan dokumen yang berkaitan dengan pemasukan atau pengeluaran barang ke atau dari kawasan berikat serta sarana transportasi yang diintergrasikan dalam satu kegiatan usaha perusahaan Tempat Penimbunan Berikat (TPB), dan penyelenggara kawasan berikat merupakan kegiatan usaha perusahaan sebagai pemasok kebutuhan pergudangan serta jasa bongkar muat yang merupakan kegiatan usaha penyelenggara kawasan berikat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana guna keperluan pihak lain di kawasan berikat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 421,
"width": 370,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung merupakan pengelola kawasan bagi pemakai jasa dalam menjalankan usahanya dengan memberi kemudahan dan menyediakan fasilitas serta membina hubungan baik dengan para pengusaha berikat yang ada maupun calon pengusaha berikat baru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 499,
"width": 365,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Namun terdapat permasalahan terhadap kurang optimalnya traffic atau volume peti kemas yang datang di depo peti kemas, waktu peti kemas mengendap di depo peti kemas relatif lama, kurangnya tingkat utilisasi lapangan penumpukan peti kemas di depo peti kemas, kurangnya usaha peningkatan traffic peti kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 574,
"width": 368,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Nusantara (Persero) Cakung. Penelitian menggunakan metode Teori Antrian ( Queueing Theory ). Agner Kraup Erlang (1909 : 217) teori ini telah diperluas penerapannya ke dalam masalah-masalah umum dengan memasukkan Faktor Antrian dan Garis Tunggu. Pelaksanaan model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "153",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 83,
"width": 364,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "tersebut harus diamati dan datanya dibandingkan dengan kriteria yang sudah ditetapkan, yaitu kriteria yang menjadi tujuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 116,
"width": 369,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Penelitian Teori Antrian ( Queueing Theory ) pengujian datanya dibandingkan dengan suatu kriteria atau standar yang sudah ditetapkan terlebih dahulu pada waktu menyusun desain penelitian. Untuk pembahasan juga digunakan analisis praktis, yaitu penjelasan-penjelasan di dalam membahas masalah didasarkan uraian serta tinjauan oleh pengalaman praktis di lapangan penumpukan petikemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung pada tahun 2011. . Rumus yang dimaksud sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 241,
"width": 360,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Menurut Agner Kraup Erlang 1909 yang dikutip oleh Siswanto (2002 : 217)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 262,
"width": 273,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Rumus Teori Antrian Fase Tunggal Multi Kanal adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 292,
"width": 42,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "λ = ——",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 322,
"width": 36,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "S ",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": -266,
"width": 314,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Namun terdapat permasalahan terhadap kurang optimalnya traffic atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": -240,
"width": 351,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "volume peti kemas yang datang di depo peti kemas, waktu peti kemas mengendap di depo peti kemas relatif lama, kurangnya tingkat utilisasi lapangan penumpukan peti kemas di depo peti kemas, kurangnya usaha peningkatan traffic peti kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": -139,
"width": 348,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Cakung. Penelitian menggunakan metode Teori Antrian ( Queueing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": -114,
"width": 353,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Theory ). Agner Kraup Erlang (1909 : 217) teori ini telah diperluas penerapannya ke dalam masalah-masalah umum dengan memasukkan Faktor Antrian dan Garis Tunggu. Pelaksanaan model tersebut harus diamati dan datanya dibandingkan dengan kriteria yang sudah ditetapkan, yaitu kriteria yang menjadi tujuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 12,
"width": 334,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Penelitian Teori Antrian ( Queueing Theory ) pengujian datanya dibandingkan dengan suatu kriteria atau standar yang sudah ditetapkan terlebih dahulu pada waktu menyusun desain penelitian. Untuk pembahasan juga digunakan analisis praktis, yaitu penjelasan-penjelasan di dalam membahas masalah didasarkan uraian serta tinjauan oleh pengalaman praktis di lapangan penumpukan petikemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung pada tahun 2011. . Rumus yang dimaksud sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 215,
"width": 315,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Menurut Agner Kraup Erlang 1909 yang dikutip oleh Siswanto (2002",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 240,
"width": 29,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": ": 217)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 265,
"width": 256,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Rumus Teori Antrian Fase Tunggal Multi Kanal adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 659,
"width": 252,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dimana : - = Probabilitas pengantri dalam sistem",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 711,
"width": 286,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- λ = Rata-rata traffic / volume peti kemas - = Tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan - S = Jumlah fasilitas pelayanan depo peti kemas - L q = Rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian - W q = Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian - L s = Rata-rata peti kemas dalam sistem - W s = Rata-rata waktu dalam sistem",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 354,
"width": 87,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "( λ / ) 2 ( λ / S. )",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 370,
"width": 150,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "L q = ————————— x P o S ! (1 - λ / S. ) 2 L q",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 442,
"width": 77,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "W q = —— λ λ L s = L q + —— ",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 229,
"top": 576,
"width": 75,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1 W s = W q + —— ",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "154",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 83,
"width": 63,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dimana Dimana :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 111,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- = Probabilitas pengantri dalam sistem",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 137,
"width": 252,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- λ = Rata-rata traffic / volume peti kemas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 163,
"width": 282,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- = Tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan - S = Jumlah fasilitas pelayanan depo peti kemas - L q = Rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian - W q = Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 264,
"width": 238,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- L s = Rata-rata peti kemas dalam sistem",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 289,
"width": 220,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- W s = Rata-rata waktu dalam sistem",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": -215,
"width": 149,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "( λ / ) 2 ( λ / S. ) L q = ————————— x P o S ! (1 - λ / S. ) 2",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": -143,
"width": 53,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "L q W q = —— λ",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": -74,
"width": 77,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "λ L s = L q + —— ",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 173,
"top": 3,
"width": 75,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1 W s = W q + —— ",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 335,
"width": 188,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 356,
"width": 269,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "A. Standard Operational Procedure Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 374,
"width": 344,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) petikemas di depo peti kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) merupakan ketentuan yang telah disepakati dan harus memenuhi syarat serta ketentuan yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 420,
"width": 313,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1. Merencanakan pemanfaatan ruang penimbunan peti kemas,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 435,
"width": 344,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2. Melaksanakan kegiatan penerimaan, penimbunan, pengamanan, pengeluaran peti kemas, serta kegiatan bongkar muat peti kemas,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 465,
"width": 344,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3. Memeriksa kondisi peti kemas yang diterima untuk disimpan di depo peti kemas,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 495,
"width": 348,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "4. Melaksanakan pengamanan peti kemas dari pencurian dan kemungkinan rusak terhadap barang yang disimpan atau dalam tanggungjawabnya,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 540,
"width": 342,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "5. Melaksanakan pemeriksaan berkala terhadap tempat penimbunan peti kemas dari kemungkinan adanya kerusakan, dan lain-lain,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 570,
"width": 347,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "6. Melaksanakan kegiatan administrasi pergudangan atau depo (pemasukan dan pengeluaran peti kemas),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 600,
"width": 347,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "7. Memastikan kesesuaian kontrak depo meliputi luas, aktifitas, antara tariff yang telah disepakati dengan pembayaran sewa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "155",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 83,
"width": 197,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1. Proses masuk dan keluar peti kemas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 99,
"width": 348,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Seperti telah diketahui bahwa pada umumnya proses pada kegiatan depo peti kemas adalah suatu kegiatan penimbunan peti kemas isi atau kosong dengan status peti kemas tersebut masih dibawah pengawasan pihak Bea & Cukai serta prosedur atau ketentuan dari masing-masing intansi di dalam kawasan berikat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 176,
"width": 346,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berikut merupakan gambar kegiatan di depo peti kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 187,
"top": 246,
"width": 251,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "MASTER PLAN PT. KAWASAN BERIKAT NUSANTARA (Persero) UNIT KAWASAN CAKUNG KBN U",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 491,
"width": 331,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 1. Denah PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 508,
"width": 251,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Keterangan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 541,
"width": 281,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Denah PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "156",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 308,
"width": 309,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 2. Depo Peti Kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 323,
"width": 45,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "(Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 347,
"width": 196,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Volume penumpukan depo peti kemas :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 361,
"width": 220,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Luas depo = 3500 m 2 Luas efektif = 60 % ( 40 % moving ) Tier = 3 tumpuk peti kemas 1 box peti kemas 40 ft = 30 m 2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 425,
"width": 145,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1 box peti kemas 20 ft = 15 m 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 459,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Luas depo x Luas efektif x Tier Volume = ———————————— Luas peti kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 515,
"width": 114,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500 m 2 x 60% x 3",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 533,
"width": 142,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= ————————————",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 546,
"width": 121,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "30 m 2 = 210 box",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 588,
"width": 290,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga volume penumpukan depo peti kemas (S) adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 613,
"width": 37,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "210 box",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "157",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 373,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........ Gambar 3. Kegiatan Bongkar ( Lift On ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 247,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 296,
"width": 344,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 4.Kegiatan Muat ( Lift Off ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 475,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 537,
"width": 332,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 5. Penumpukan Peti Kemas Kosong di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 32,
"width": 362,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 3. Kegiatan Bongkar ( Lift On ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 226,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 274,
"width": 344,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 4.Kegiatan Muat ( Lift Off ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 453,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 515,
"width": 332,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 5. Penumpukan Peti Kemas Kosong di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 242,
"width": 362,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 3. Kegiatan Bongkar ( Lift On ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 436,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 484,
"width": 344,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 4.Kegiatan Muat ( Lift Off ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 664,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 726,
"width": 332,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 5. Penumpukan Peti Kemas Kosong di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 270,
"width": 362,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 3. Kegiatan Bongkar ( Lift On ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 464,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 512,
"width": 344,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 4.Kegiatan Muat ( Lift Off ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 692,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 753,
"width": 332,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 5. Penumpukan Peti Kemas Kosong di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "158",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 53,
"top": -425,
"width": 362,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 3. Kegiatan Bongkar ( Lift On ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": -232,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": -183,
"width": 344,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 4.Kegiatan Muat ( Lift Off ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": -4,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 57,
"width": 332,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 5. Penumpukan Peti Kemas Kosong di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 53,
"top": -255,
"width": 362,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 3. Kegiatan Bongkar ( Lift On ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": -62,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": -13,
"width": 344,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 4.Kegiatan Muat ( Lift Off ) Peti Kemas di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 165,
"width": 244,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 227,
"width": 332,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 5. Penumpukan Peti Kemas Kosong di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 271,
"width": 360,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berikut merupakan (SOP) serta flowchart peti kemas masuk dan keluar di depo peti kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 310,
"width": 361,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "A. Kegiatan (SOP) peti kemas masuk di depo peti kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 341,
"width": 322,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Administrasi : - Menerima permintaan pembongkaran peti kemas - Memastikan bahwa data yang berada pada dokumen adalah benar - Mencatat data ke komputer sesuai dengan dokumen Survey : - Memeriksa kondisi peti kemas - Melaporkan hasil pemeriksaan kepada administrasi Administrasi : - Menindaklanjuti hasil survey dan membuat bon bongkar - Membuat kwitansi biaya bongkar dan lain- lain Operator : - Menurunkan peti kemas dan ditempatkan sesuai instruksi administrasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 583,
"width": 363,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Flowchart peti kemas masuk di depo peti kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "159",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 424,
"width": 197,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 6. Flowchart Peti Kemas Masuk",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 764,
"width": 267,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "B. Kegiatan (SOP) peti kemas keluar dari depo peti kemas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 790,
"width": 277,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Administrasi : - Menerima permintaan pemuatan peti kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 816,
"width": 233,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Memastikan bahwa data yang berada pada",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 841,
"width": 104,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "dokumen adalah benar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 750,
"width": 316,
"height": 183,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Mencatat data ke komputer sesuai dengan dokumen Survey : - Memeriksa kondisi peti kemas Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berkat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 901,
"width": 230,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berkat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 450,
"width": 82,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Depo 1. Administrasi : - Input data",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 521,
"width": 116,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Membayar administrasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 536,
"width": 122,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2. Penerbitan bon bongkar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 550,
"width": 52,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3. Survey :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 565,
"width": 57,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a). Availble",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 580,
"width": 55,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b) . Damage",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 595,
"width": 74,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a). Availble :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 610,
"width": 73,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "* Washing : - Sweep - Water - Detergen - Chemical b). Damage :",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 78,
"width": 284,
"height": 665,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "* Estimasi repair * Repair 4. Bongkar Peti kemas Permintaan bongkar peti kemas Dokumen pelayaran Gambar 6. Flowchart Peti Kemas Masuk",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 419,
"width": 267,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "B. Kegiatan (SOP) peti kemas keluar dari depo peti kemas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 444,
"width": 277,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Administrasi : - Menerima permintaan pemuatan peti kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 470,
"width": 233,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Memastikan bahwa data yang berada pada",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 496,
"width": 104,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "dokumen adalah benar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 521,
"width": 233,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Mencatat data ke komputer sesuai dengan dokumen",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 573,
"width": 218,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Survey : - Memeriksa kondisi peti kemas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 404,
"width": 230,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berkat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 556,
"width": 230,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berkat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 104,
"width": 82,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Depo 1. Administrasi :",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 161,
"width": 54,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Input data",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 175,
"width": 115,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Membayar administrasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 190,
"width": 122,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2. Penerbitan bon bongkar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 205,
"width": 52,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3. Survey :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 219,
"width": 57,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a). Availble",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 234,
"width": 55,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b) . Damage",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 249,
"width": 74,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a). Availble :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 264,
"width": 58,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "* Washing :",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 278,
"width": 35,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Sweep",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 293,
"width": 37,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Water",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 308,
"width": 53,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Detergen - Chemical",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 104,
"width": 284,
"height": 293,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b). Damage : * Estimasi repair * Repair 4. Bongkar Peti kemas Permintaan bongkar peti kemas Dokumen pelayaran",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 453,
"width": 296,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Administrasi : - Menerima permintaan pemuatan peti kemas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 483,
"width": 244,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Memastikan bahwa data yang berada pada dokumen adalah benar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 515,
"width": 327,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Mencatat data ke komputer sesuai dengan dokumen Survey : - Memeriksa kondisi peti kemas - Melaporkan hasil pemeriksaan kepada administrasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 594,
"width": 327,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Administrasi : - Menindaklanjuti hasil survey dan membuat bon bongkar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 625,
"width": 238,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Membuat kwitansi biaya muat dan lain-lain",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "160",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 361,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014 Operator : - Menaikkan peti kemas dari depo ke atas kendaraan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 108,
"width": 363,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Flowchart petikemas keluar dari depo peti kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": -104,
"width": 237,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Melaporkan hasil pemeriksaan kepada",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": -78,
"width": 58,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "administrasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": -52,
"width": 304,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Administrasi : - Menindaklanjuti hasil survey dan membuat bon",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": -26,
"width": 40,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "bongkar",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 0,
"width": 207,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Membuat kwitansi biaya muat dan lain-lain",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 25,
"width": 234,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Operator : - Menaikkan peti kemas dari depo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "ke atas kendaraan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 77,
"width": 313,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Flowchart petikemas keluar dari depo peti kemas PT. Kawasan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 103,
"width": 135,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berikat Nusantara (Persero) :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 129,
"width": 199,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 7. Flowchart Peti Kemas Keluar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 40,
"top": 471,
"width": 378,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "B. Utilisasi Lapangan Penumpukan Petikemas Lokasi A.04.1 di Depo Peti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 166,
"width": 292,
"height": 335,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berkat Nusantara (Persero) Peti kemas Permintaan muat peti kemas Depo 1. Administrasi : - Input data",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 245,
"width": 117,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "- Membayar administrasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 266,
"top": 260,
"width": 110,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2. Penerbitan bon muat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 266,
"top": 274,
"width": 47,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3. Survey",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 290,
"width": 179,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "4. Muat Dokumen pelayaran Foto copy STNK dan SIM pengemudi",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 464,
"width": 220,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 7. Flowchart Peti Kemas Keluar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 509,
"width": 363,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "B. Utilisasi Lapangan Penumpukan Petikemas Lokasi A.04.1 di Depo Peti Kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 553,
"width": 374,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dalam pengambilan data operasional mengenai kapasitas penumpukan petikemas, ada beberapa cara yang dilakukan oleh penulis untuk memperoleh data yaitu dengan melihat data sistem komputer yang dimiliki PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero), dan dengan cara kedua adalah dengan mengamati langsung di lapangan. Berikut adalah data kapasitas penumpukan petikemas di",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "161",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 83,
"width": 344,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "lokasi A.04.1 PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara uraian mengenai traffic / volume peti kemas, lama hari pengendapan yang telah di sesuaikan dari data jumlah peti kemas yang ada dan serta luas depo peti kemas yang akan dijelaskan pada tabel berikut:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 159,
"width": 333,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tabel 1. Data Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.1 di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": -77,
"width": 379,
"height": 236,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dalam pengambilan data operasional mengenai kapasitas penumpukan petikemas, ada beberapa cara yang dilakukan oleh penulis untuk memperoleh data yaitu dengan melihat data sistem komputer yang dimiliki PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero), dan dengan cara kedua adalah dengan mengamati langsung di lapangan. Berikut adalah data kapasitas penumpukan petikemas di lokasi A.04.1 PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara uraian mengenai traffic / volume peti kemas, lama hari pengendapan yang telah di sesuaikan dari data jumlah peti kemas yang ada dan serta luas depo peti kemas yang akan dijelaskan pada tabel berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 171,
"width": 365,
"height": 296,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tabel 1. Data Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.1 di Depo Peti Kemas Traffic /Volume Lama Hari Luas Depo Tahun Bulan Peti Kemas Pengendapan A.04.1 (m 2 ) A.04.1 (box) A.04.1 (hari) Jan 55 350 3500 Feb 64 219 3500 Mar 59 172 3500 Apr 73 308 3500 Mei 42 164 3500 2011 Jun 72 180 3500 Jul 78 277 3500 Agst 79 225 3500 Sept 69 613 3500 Okt 73 146 3500 Nov 78 797 3500 Des 67 204 3500 Total 12 809 3655 - Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) 2011 Dari table diatas diketahui jumlah traffic / volume peti kemas selama",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 478,
"width": 371,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "12 bulan (365 hari) pada depo A.04.1 adalah 809 box. Untuk total rata-rata peti kemas box /hari ( λ 1 ) adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 542,
"width": 271,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jumlah traffic / volume peti kemas λ 1 = ———————————————",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 577,
"width": 143,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Total hari 809 box",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 603,
"width": 160,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= ——— 365 hari = 2,21 box /hari",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 433,
"width": 364,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) 2011 Dari table diatas diketahui jumlah traffic / volume peti kemas selama",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 468,
"width": 363,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "12 bulan (365 hari) pada depo A.04.1 adalah 809 box. Untuk total rata-rata peti kemas box /hari ( λ 1 ) adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": -108,
"width": 379,
"height": 236,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dalam pengambilan data operasional mengenai kapasitas penumpukan petikemas, ada beberapa cara yang dilakukan oleh penulis untuk memperoleh data yaitu dengan melihat data sistem komputer yang dimiliki PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero), dan dengan cara kedua adalah dengan mengamati langsung di lapangan. Berikut adalah data kapasitas penumpukan petikemas di lokasi A.04.1 PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara uraian mengenai traffic / volume peti kemas, lama hari pengendapan yang telah di sesuaikan dari data jumlah peti kemas yang ada dan serta luas depo peti kemas yang akan dijelaskan pada tabel berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 140,
"width": 366,
"height": 296,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tabel 1. Data Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.1 di Depo Peti Kemas Traffic /Volume Lama Hari Luas Depo Tahun Bulan Peti Kemas Pengendapan A.04.1 (m 2 ) A.04.1 (box) A.04.1 (hari) Jan 55 350 3500 Feb 64 219 3500 Mar 59 172 3500 Apr 73 308 3500 Mei 42 164 3500 2011 Jun 72 180 3500 Jul 78 277 3500 Agst 79 225 3500 Sept 69 613 3500 Okt 73 146 3500 Nov 78 797 3500 Des 67 204 3500 Total 12 809 3655 - Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) 2011 Dari table diatas diketahui jumlah traffic / volume peti kemas selama",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 447,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "12 bulan (365 hari) pada depo A.04.1 adalah 809 box. Untuk total rata-rata peti kemas box /hari ( λ 1 ) adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 144,
"top": 511,
"width": 271,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jumlah traffic / volume peti kemas λ 1 = ———————————————",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 546,
"width": 143,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Total hari 809 box",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 572,
"width": 160,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= ——— 365 hari = 2,21 box /hari",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "162",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 83,
"width": 364,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Da ri hasil data diatas diketahui rata-rata peti kemas yang masuk dan keluar pada depo A.04.1 adalah 2,21 box, dengan rata-rata waktu 365 hari. Untuk mengetahui tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan peti kemas box /hari ( µ 1 ) adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 48,
"width": 372,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil data diatas diketahui rata-rata peti kemas yang masuk dan keluar pada depo A.04.1 adalah 2,21 box, dengan rata-rata waktu 365 hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 103,
"width": 372,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan peti kemas box",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 131,
"width": 87,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "/hari ( 1 ) adalah :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 340,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga tingkat rata-rata lama peti kemas box /hari pengendapan ( 1 ) adalah 0,2217 box /hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 397,
"width": 124,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1. Utilisasi Sistem ( )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 425,
"width": 340,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari data total rata-rata traffic / volume peti kemas dan tingkat rata-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 453,
"width": 282,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "rata lama hari pengendapan nilai utilisasi sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 485,
"width": 155,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Diketahui : λ 1 = 2,21 box /hari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 521,
"width": 104,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": " 1 = 0,2217 box /hari",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 554,
"width": 62,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "S = 210 box",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 579,
"width": 263,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "λ 1 1 = —— x 100% S 1 2,21 box /hari = ——————— x 100%",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 607,
"width": 112,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "210 x 0,2217 box /hari",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 643,
"width": 45,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 4,75 %",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 155,
"width": 252,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tingkat jumlah lama hari pengendapan peti kemas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 168,
"width": 301,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": " 1 = —————————————————",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 189,
"width": 58,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Total traffic",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 216,
"width": 180,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3655 hari = ——— 809 box = 4,51 hari /box 1 = ———— = 0,2217 box /hari 4,51 hari /box",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 350,
"width": 362,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga tingkat rata-rata lama peti kemas box /hari pengendapan ( µ 1 ) adalah 0,2217 box /hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 396,
"width": 108,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1. Utilisasi Sistem ()",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 413,
"width": 340,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari data total rata-rata traffic / volume peti kemas dan tingkat rata- rata lama hari pengendapan nilai utilisasi sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 9,
"width": 373,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil data diatas diketahui rata-rata peti kemas yang masuk dan keluar pada depo A.04.1 adalah 2,21 box, dengan rata-rata waktu 365 hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 65,
"width": 372,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan peti kemas box",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 93,
"width": 88,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "/hari ( 1 ) adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 301,
"width": 343,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga tingkat rata-rata lama peti kemas box /hari pengendapan ( 1 )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 331,
"width": 119,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "adalah 0,2217 box /hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 358,
"width": 125,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1. Utilisasi Sistem ( )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 387,
"width": 368,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari data total rata-rata traffic / volume peti kemas dan tingkat rata- rata lama hari pengendapan nilai utilisasi sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 446,
"width": 155,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Diketahui : λ 1 = 2,21 box /hari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 483,
"width": 104,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": " 1 = 0,2217 box /hari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 516,
"width": 62,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "S = 210 box",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 541,
"width": 263,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "λ 1 1 = —— x 100% S 1 2,21 box /hari = ——————— x 100%",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 273,
"top": 569,
"width": 112,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "210 x 0,2217 box /hari",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 262,
"top": 605,
"width": 45,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 4,75 %",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 117,
"width": 252,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tingkat jumlah lama hari pengendapan peti kemas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 130,
"width": 301,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": " 1 = —————————————————",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 273,
"top": 151,
"width": 58,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Total traffic",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 178,
"width": 180,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3655 hari = ——— 809 box = 4,51 hari /box 1 = ———— = 0,2217 box /hari 4,51 hari /box",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "163",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 83,
"width": 369,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa utilisasi penumpukan peti kemas lokasi A.04.1 berdasarkan jumlahnya adalah sebesar 4,75%. Hal ini berarti bahwa pada depo lokasi A.04.1 rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ) dilihat dari 4,75% dalam hal penumpukan dan lama pengendapan peti kemas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 173,
"width": 240,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2. Rata-rata panjang dalam antrian dan system",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 192,
"width": 295,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a. Kemungkinan apabila peti kemas yang datang nol (P 0 )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": -63,
"width": 68,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Maka : :",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 12,
"width": 412,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa utilisasi penumpukan peti kemas lokasi A.04.1 berdasarkan jumlahnya adalah sebesar 4,75%. Hal ini berarti bahwa pada depo lokasi A.04.1 rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ) dilihat dari 4,75% dalam hal penumpukan dan lama pengendapan peti kemas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 163,
"width": 286,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2. Rata-rata panjang dalam antrian dan system",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 193,
"width": 326,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a. Kemungkinan apabila peti kemas yang datang nol (P 0 )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 421,
"width": 377,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan diatas dapat diketahui bahwa peti kemas yang datang adalah 0% apabila server (S) 210 box dengan tingkat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 482,
"width": 357,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "kemungkinan sebesar 0% maka tidak adanya antrian dalam system.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 512,
"width": 253,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b. Rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian ( L q ) : ( λ 1 / 1 ) 2 ( λ 1 / S. 1 ) L q = ————————— x P o",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 571,
"width": 295,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "S ! (1 - λ 1 / S. 1 ) 2 (2,21 / 0,2217) 2 (2,21 / 210 x 0,2217) = —————————————————— x 0 210! (1 - 2,21 / 210 x 0,2217) 2 (99,36 x 0,002333) = ————————— x 0 2507 x 0,000625 = 0 peti kemas = 0,1479 x 0",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 426,
"width": 346,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan diatas dapat diketahui bahwa peti kemas yang datang adalah 0% apabila server (S) 210 box dengan tingkat kemungkinan sebesar 0% maka tidak adanya antrian dalam system.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 481,
"width": 222,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b. Rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian ( L q ) :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": -15,
"width": 59,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Maka : :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 49,
"width": 359,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa utilisasi penumpukan peti kemas lokasi A.04.1 berdasarkan jumlahnya adalah sebesar 4,75%. Hal ini berarti bahwa pada depo lokasi A.04.1 rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ) dilihat dari 4,75% dalam hal penumpukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 154,
"width": 162,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "dan lama pengendapan peti kemas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 181,
"width": 249,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2. Rata-rata panjang dalam antrian dan system",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 207,
"width": 284,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a. Kemungkinan apabila peti kemas yang datang nol (P 0 )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 406,
"width": 329,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan diatas dapat diketahui bahwa peti kemas yang datang adalah 0% apabila server (S) 210 box dengan tingkat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 458,
"width": 311,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "kemungkinan sebesar 0% maka tidak adanya antrian dalam system.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 484,
"width": 273,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b. Rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian ( L q ) : ( λ 1 / 1 ) 2 ( λ 1 / S. 1 ) L q = ————————— x P o S ! (1 - λ 1 / S. 1 ) 2 (2,21 / 0,2217) 2 (2,21 / 210 x 0,2217) = —————————————————— x 0 210! (1 - 2,21 / 210 x 0,2217) 2 (99,36 x 0,002333) = ————————— x 0 2507 x 0,000625 = 0 peti kemas = 0,1479 x 0",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "164",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": -535,
"width": 59,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Maka : :",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": -469,
"width": 359,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa utilisasi penumpukan peti kemas lokasi A.04.1 berdasarkan jumlahnya adalah sebesar 4,75%. Hal ini berarti bahwa pada depo lokasi A.04.1 rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ) dilihat dari 4,75% dalam hal penumpukan dan lama pengendapan peti kemas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": -338,
"width": 248,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2. Rata-rata panjang dalam antrian dan system",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": -312,
"width": 284,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a. Kemungkinan apabila peti kemas yang datang nol (P 0 )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": -113,
"width": 328,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan diatas dapat diketahui bahwa peti kemas yang datang adalah 0% apabila server (S) 210 box dengan tingkat kemungkinan sebesar 0% maka tidak adanya antrian dalam system.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": -34,
"width": 220,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b. Rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian ( L q ) :",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": -11,
"width": 154,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "( λ 1 / 1 ) 2 ( λ 1 / S. 1 ) L q = ————————— x P o S ! (1 - λ 1 / S. 1 ) 2",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 46,
"width": 174,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "(2,21 / 0,2217) 2 (2,21 / 210 x 0,2217)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 60,
"width": 243,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= —————————————————— x 0",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 186,
"top": 72,
"width": 137,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "210! (1 - 2,21 / 210 x 0,2217) 2",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 101,
"width": 122,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "(99,36 x 0,002333)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 114,
"width": 229,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= ————————— x 0 2507 x 0,000625 = 0 peti kemas = 0,1479 x 0 = 0,1479 x = 0 peti kemas",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 168,
"width": 346,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Secara matematis rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian adalah 0 pada antrian peti kemas di lokasi depo A.04.1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 158,
"width": 333,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Secara matematis rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian adalah 0 pada antrian peti kemas di lokasi depo A.04.1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 211,
"width": 208,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "c. Rata-rata peti kemas dalam sistem ( L s )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 344,
"width": 333,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Secara matematis rata-rata peti kemas dalam system adalah 9,67 peti kemas antri di lokasi depo A.04.1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 397,
"width": 240,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3. Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian dan sistem",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 424,
"width": 196,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a. Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian ( W q )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 543,
"width": 331,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga waktu dalam rata-rata dalam antrian adalah kurang dari 1 jam peti kemas sudah tertumpuk di depo A.04.1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 597,
"width": 192,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b. Rata-rata waktu dalam sistem ( W s )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 237,
"width": 201,
"height": 455,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "λ 1 L s = L q + —— 1 2,21 = 0 + ————— 0,2217 = 9,67 peti kemas 1 W s = W q + —— 1 1 = 0 + ————",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 691,
"width": 49,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "0,2217",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 724,
"width": 105,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 4,51 hari x 24 jam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 751,
"width": 88,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 108,24 jam /box",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 441,
"width": 169,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "L q W q = —— λ 1 0 = ——— 2,21 = 0 hari x 24 jam",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 538,
"width": 47,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 0 jam",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "165",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": -370,
"width": 345,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Secara matematis rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian adalah 0 pada",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": -343,
"width": 200,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "antrian peti kemas di lokasi depo A.04.1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": -315,
"width": 215,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "c. Rata-rata peti kemas dalam sistem ( L s )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": -177,
"width": 331,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Secara matematis rata-rata peti kemas dalam system adalah 9,67",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": -150,
"width": 189,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "peti kemas antri di lokasi depo A.04.1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": -122,
"width": 250,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3. Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian dan sistem",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": -95,
"width": 203,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a. Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian ( W q )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 29,
"width": 329,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga waktu dalam rata-rata dalam antrian adalah kurang dari 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 56,
"width": 236,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "jam peti kemas sudah tertumpuk di depo A.04.1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 84,
"width": 199,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b. Rata-rata waktu dalam sistem ( W s )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": -288,
"width": 85,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "λ 1 L s = L q + —— 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": -288,
"width": 110,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2,21 = 0 + ————— 0,2217",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": -220,
"width": 98,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 9,67 peti kemas",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 102,
"width": 128,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1 W s = W q + —— 1 1 = 0 + ———— 0,2217 = 4,51 hari x 24 jam = 108,24 jam /box",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": -76,
"width": 54,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "L q W q = —— λ 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 202,
"top": -76,
"width": 67,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "0 = ——— 2,21",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": -13,
"width": 92,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 0 hari x 24 jam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 23,
"width": 49,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 0 jam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 268,
"width": 364,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga rata-rata waktu dalam sistem peti kemas yang masuk dan keluar di depo A.04.1 adalah 108,24 jam /box.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 304,
"width": 364,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berikut adalah penjelasan hasil perhitungan dalam proses lapangan penumpukan peti kemas pada depo peti kemas di lokasi A.04.1 yang akan dijelaskan pada gambar berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 577,
"width": 141,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : Diolah oleh penulis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 600,
"width": 330,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 8. Penjelasan Hasil Perhitungan dalam Proses Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.1 Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "166",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 83,
"width": 363,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "C. Utilisasi Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.2 di Depo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 98,
"width": 343,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Peti Kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung pada Tahun 2011.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 138,
"width": 374,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dalam pengambilan data operasional mengenai kapasitas penumpukan petikemas, ada beberapa cara yang dilakukan oleh penulis untuk memperoleh data yaitu dengan melihat data sistem komputer yang dimiliki PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero), dan dengan cara kedua adalah dengan mengamati langsung di lapangan. Berikut adalah data kapasitas penumpukan petikemas di lokasi A.04.2 PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara uraian mengenai traffic",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 243,
"width": 343,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "/ volume peti kemas, lama hari pengendapan yang telah di sesuaikan dari data jumlah peti kemas yang ada dan serta luas depo peti kemas yang akan dijelaskan pada tabel berikut:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 303,
"width": 334,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tabel 2. Data Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.2 di",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 316,
"width": 89,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 197,
"width": 373,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "penumpukan petikemas di lokasi A.04.2 PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara uraian mengenai traffic / volume peti kemas, lama hari pengendapan yang telah di sesuaikan dari data jumlah peti kemas yang ada dan serta luas depo peti kemas yang akan dijelaskan pada tabel berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 307,
"width": 346,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tabel 2. Data Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.2 di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 339,
"width": 349,
"height": 211,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Traffic /Volume Lama Hari Luas Depo Tahun Bulan Peti Kemas Pengendapan A.04.2 (m 2 ) A.04.2 (box) A.04.2 (hari) Jan 180 422 3500 Feb 158 381 3500 Mar 195 461 3500 Apr 334 852 3500 Mei 257 692 3500 2011 Jun 147 324 3500 Jul 179 518 3500 Agst 172 521 3500 Sept 139 378 3500 Okt 134 397 3500 Nov 172 521 3500 Des 96",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 534,
"width": 331,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "235 3500 Total 12 2163 5702 - Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) 2011",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 610,
"width": 344,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari table diatas diketahui jumlah traffic / volume peti kemas selama",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 638,
"width": 371,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "12 bulan (365 hari) pada depo A.04.2 adalah 2163 box. Untuk total rata-rata peti kemas box /hari ( λ 2 ) adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 701,
"width": 271,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jumah traffic / volume peti kemas λ 2 = ———————————————",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 736,
"width": 143,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Total hari 2163 box = ———",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 767,
"width": 159,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "365 hari = 5,93 box /hari",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 576,
"width": 224,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) 2011",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "167",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 83,
"width": 366,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari table diatas diketahui jumlah traffic / volume peti kemas selama 12 bulan (365 hari) pada depo A.04.2 adalah 2163 box. Untuk total rata-rata peti kemas box /hari ( λ 2 ) adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": -361,
"width": 373,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "penumpukan petikemas di lokasi A.04.2 PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara uraian mengenai traffic / volume peti kemas, lama hari pengendapan yang telah di sesuaikan dari data jumlah peti kemas yang ada dan serta luas depo peti kemas yang akan dijelaskan pada tabel berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": -250,
"width": 347,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tabel 2. Data Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.2 di Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": -219,
"width": 350,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Traffic /Volume Lama Hari Luas Depo Tahun Bulan Peti Kemas Pengendapan A.04.2 (m 2 )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": -189,
"width": 268,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "A.04.2 (box) A.04.2 (hari) Jan 180",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -175,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "422",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -175,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": -162,
"width": 90,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Feb 158",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -162,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "381",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -162,
"width": 42,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": -148,
"width": 90,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Mar 195",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -148,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "461",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -148,
"width": 42,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": -134,
"width": 90,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Apr 334",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -134,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "852",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -134,
"width": 42,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": -120,
"width": 25,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Mei",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": -120,
"width": 27,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "257",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -120,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "692",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -120,
"width": 42,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": -107,
"width": 24,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": -106,
"width": 23,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jun",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": -106,
"width": 27,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "147",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -106,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "324",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -106,
"width": 42,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": -93,
"width": 20,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": -93,
"width": 52,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "179",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -93,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "518",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -93,
"width": 42,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": -79,
"width": 29,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Agst",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": -79,
"width": 27,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "172",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -79,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "521",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -79,
"width": 42,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": -65,
"width": 27,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sept",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": -65,
"width": 30,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "139",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -65,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "378",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": -65,
"width": 258,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500 Okt",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": -51,
"width": 30,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "134",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -51,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "397",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -51,
"width": 42,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": -37,
"width": 27,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Nov",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": -37,
"width": 30,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "172",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -37,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "521",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -37,
"width": 42,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": -24,
"width": 25,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Des",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": -24,
"width": 24,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "96",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -24,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "235",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -24,
"width": 42,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3500",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": -10,
"width": 75,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Total 12",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": -10,
"width": 30,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": -10,
"width": 39,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "5702",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": -10,
"width": 31,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "-",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 24,
"width": 278,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) 2011",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 51,
"width": 372,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari table diatas diketahui jumlah traffic / volume peti kemas selama 12 bulan (365 hari) pada depo A.04.2 adalah 2163 box. Untuk total rata-rata peti kemas box /hari ( λ 2 ) adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 142,
"width": 175,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jumah traffic / volume peti kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 156,
"width": 271,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "λ 2 = ———————————————",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 178,
"width": 143,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Total hari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 196,
"width": 66,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2163 box",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 209,
"width": 61,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= ——— 365 hari",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 247,
"top": 208,
"width": 80,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 5,93 box /hari",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 252,
"width": 344,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil data diatas diketahui rata-rata peti kemas yang masuk dan keluar pada depo A.04.2 adalah 5,93 box, dengan rata-rata waktu 365 hari. Untuk mengetahui tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan peti kemas box / hari ( µ 2 ) adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 721,
"width": 93,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "λ 2 2 = —— x 100%",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 721,
"width": 236,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "S 2 5,93 box /hari = ——————— x 100%",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 749,
"width": 109,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "210 x 0,3788 box /hari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 201,
"width": 372,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil data diatas diketahui rata-rata peti kemas yang masuk dan keluar pada depo A.04.2 adalah 5,93 box, dengan rata-rata waktu 365 hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 256,
"width": 371,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan peti kemas box /",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 284,
"width": 85,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "hari ( 2 ) adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 506,
"width": 344,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan ( 2 ) adalah 0,3788",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 535,
"width": 46,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "box /hari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 563,
"width": 124,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1. Utilisasi Sistem ( )",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 592,
"width": 368,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari data total rata-rata traffic / volume peti kemas dan tingkat rata- rata lama hari pengendapan nilai utilisasi sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 651,
"width": 148,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Diketahui : λ 2 = 5,93 box /hari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 672,
"width": 104,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": " 2 = 0,3788 box /hari",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 696,
"width": 62,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "S = 210 box",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 734,
"width": 55,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Maka :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 785,
"width": 45,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 7,45 %",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 186,
"top": 319,
"width": 252,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tingkat jumlah lama hari pengendapan peti kemas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 332,
"width": 301,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": " 2 = ————————————————— Total traffic",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 380,
"width": 180,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "5702 hari = ——— 2163 box = 2,64 hari /box 1 = ———— = 0,3788 box /hari 2,64 hari /box",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 504,
"width": 360,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan ( µ 2 ) adalah 0,3788 box /hari 1. Utilisasi Sistem () Dari data total rata-rata traffic / volume peti kemas dan tingkat rata- rata lama hari pengendapan nilai utilisasi sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 577,
"width": 145,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Diketahui : λ 2 = 5,93 box /hari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 593,
"width": 100,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "µ 2 = 0,3788 box /hari S = 210 box",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "168",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 88,
"width": 236,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "λ 2 2 = —— x 100% S 2 5,93 box /hari = ——————— x 100%",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 116,
"width": 109,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "210 x 0,3788 box /hari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": -431,
"width": 373,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil data diatas diketahui rata-rata peti kemas yang masuk dan keluar pada depo A.04.2 adalah 5,93 box, dengan rata-rata waktu 365 hari. Untuk mengetahui tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan peti kemas box /",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": -347,
"width": 85,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "hari ( 2 ) adalah :",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": -125,
"width": 372,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan ( 2 ) adalah 0,3788 box /hari",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": -68,
"width": 125,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1. Utilisasi Sistem ( )",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": -39,
"width": 368,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari data total rata-rata traffic / volume peti kemas dan tingkat rata- rata lama hari pengendapan nilai utilisasi sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 19,
"width": 148,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Diketahui : λ 2 = 5,93 box /hari",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 40,
"width": 104,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": " 2 = 0,3788 box /hari",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 64,
"width": 62,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "S = 210 box",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 102,
"width": 55,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Maka :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 153,
"width": 45,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 7,45 %",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 187,
"top": -313,
"width": 252,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tingkat jumlah lama hari pengendapan peti kemas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": -299,
"width": 301,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": " 2 = —————————————————",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": -278,
"width": 57,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Total traffic",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": -251,
"width": 67,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "5702 hari = ———",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": -238,
"width": 166,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2163 box = 2,64 hari /box",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": -195,
"width": 180,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1 = ———— = 0,3788 box /hari",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": -163,
"width": 79,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2,64 hari /box",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 184,
"width": 369,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa utilisasi penumpukan peti kemas lokasi A.04.2 berdasarkan jumlahnya adalah sebesar 7,45%. Hal ini berarti bahwa pada depo lokasi A.04.1 rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ) dilihat dari 7,45% dalam hal penumpukan dan lama pengendapan peti kemas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 267,
"width": 250,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2. Rata-rata panjang dalam antrian dan system",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 287,
"width": 294,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a. Kemungkinan apabila peti kemas yang datang nol (P 0 )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 125,
"width": 377,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa utilisasi penumpukan peti kemas lokasi A.04.2 berdasarkan jumlahnya adalah sebesar 7,45%. Hal ini berarti bahwa pada depo lokasi A.04.1 rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ) dilihat dari 7,45% dalam hal penumpukan dan lama pengendapan peti kemas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 264,
"width": 261,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2. Rata-rata panjang dalam antrian dan system",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 291,
"width": 299,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a. Kemungkinan apabila peti kemas yang datang nol (P 0 )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 512,
"width": 346,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan diatas dapat diketahui bahwa peti kemas yang datang adalah 0% apabila server (S) 210 box dengan tingkat kemungkinan sebesar 0% maka tidak adanya antrian dalam system.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 595,
"width": 252,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b. Rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian ( L q ) : ( λ 2 / 2 ) 2 ( λ 2 / S. 2 ) L q = ————————— x P o S ! (1 - λ 1 / S. 1 ) 2 (5,93 / 0,3788) 2 (5,93 / 210 x 0,3788)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 701,
"width": 256,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= —————————————————— x 0 210! (1 - 5,93 / 210 x 0,3788) 2",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 745,
"width": 134,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "(245,07 x 0,074544)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 759,
"width": 160,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= ————————— x 0 2507 x 0,003844",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "169",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": -381,
"width": 377,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa utilisasi penumpukan peti kemas lokasi A.04.2 berdasarkan jumlahnya adalah sebesar 7,45%. Hal ini berarti bahwa pada depo lokasi A.04.1 rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ) dilihat dari 7,45% dalam hal penumpukan dan lama pengendapan peti kemas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": -243,
"width": 261,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2. Rata-rata panjang dalam antrian dan system",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": -216,
"width": 298,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a. Kemungkinan apabila peti kemas yang datang nol (P 0 )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 4,
"width": 345,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan diatas dapat diketahui bahwa peti kemas yang datang adalah 0% apabila server (S) 210 box dengan tingkat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 60,
"width": 327,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "kemungkinan sebesar 0% maka tidak adanya antrian dalam system.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 87,
"width": 232,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b. Rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian ( L q ) : ( λ 2 / 2 ) 2 ( λ 2 / S. 2 ) L q = ————————— x P o S ! (1 - λ 1 / S. 1 ) 2",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 179,
"width": 184,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "(5,93 / 0,3788) 2 (5,93 / 210 x 0,3788)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 194,
"width": 256,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= —————————————————— x 0 210! (1 - 5,93 / 210 x 0,3788) 2",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 238,
"width": 134,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "(245,07 x 0,074544)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 251,
"width": 160,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= ————————— x 0",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 266,
"width": 99,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2507 x 0,003844",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 330,
"width": 330,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Secara matematis rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian adalah 0 pada antrian peti kemas di lokasi depo A.04.2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 385,
"width": 207,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "c. Rata-rata peti kemas dalam sistem ( L s )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 496,
"width": 330,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Secara matematis rata-rata peti kemas dalam system adalah 15,65 peti kemas antri di lokasi depo A.04.2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 551,
"width": 240,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3. Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian dan sistem",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 578,
"width": 195,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a. Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian ( W q )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 717,
"width": 329,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga waktu dalam rata-rata dalam antrian adalah kurang dari 1 jam peti kemas sudah tertumpuk di depo A.04.2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 772,
"width": 189,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b. Rata-rata waktu dalam sistem ( W s )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 291,
"width": 70,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 0 peti kemas",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 291,
"width": 202,
"height": 546,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 0,000028 x 0 λ 2 L s = L q + —— 2 5,93 = 0 + ————— 0,3788 = 15,65 peti kemas L q W q = —— λ 2 0 = ——— 5,93 = 0 hari x 24 jam = 0 jam 1 W s = W q + —— 2",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 848,
"width": 29,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 861,
"width": 80,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 0 + ———— 0,3788",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 913,
"width": 105,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 2,64 hari x 24 jam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 941,
"width": 82,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 63,36 jam /box",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "170",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": -135,
"width": 330,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Secara matematis rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian adalah 0 pada antrian peti kemas di lokasi depo A.04.2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": -80,
"width": 207,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "c. Rata-rata peti kemas dalam sistem ( L s )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 29,
"width": 330,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Secara matematis rata-rata peti kemas dalam system adalah 15,65",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 57,
"width": 181,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "peti kemas antri di lokasi depo A.04.2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 85,
"width": 240,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "3. Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian dan sistem",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 112,
"width": 195,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "a. Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian ( W q )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 250,
"width": 329,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga waktu dalam rata-rata dalam antrian adalah kurang dari 1 jam peti kemas sudah tertumpuk di depo A.04.2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 305,
"width": 188,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "b. Rata-rata waktu dalam sistem ( W s )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": -174,
"width": 189,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 0 peti kemas = 0,000028 x 0",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": -58,
"width": 81,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "λ 2 L s = L q + —— 2",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": -58,
"width": 106,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "5,93 = 0 + ————— 0,3788",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 219,
"top": 3,
"width": 100,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "= 15,65 peti kemas",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 135,
"width": 171,
"height": 356,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "L q W q = —— λ 2 0 = ——— 5,93 = 0 hari x 24 jam = 0 jam 1 W s = W q + —— 2 1 = 0 + ———— 0,3788 = 2,64 hari x 24 jam = 63,36 jam /box",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 520,
"width": 344,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga rata-rata waktu dalam sistem peti kemas yang masuk dan keluar di depo A.04.2 adalah 63,36 jam /box.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 552,
"width": 344,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berikut adalah penjelasan hasil perhitungan dalam proses lapangan penumpukan peti kemas pada depo peti kemas di lokasi A.04.2 yang akan dijelaskan pada gambar berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "171",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": -87,
"width": 311,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga rata-rata waktu dalam sistem peti kemas yang masuk dan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": -61,
"width": 208,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "keluar di depo A.04.2 adalah 63,36 jam /box.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": -35,
"width": 324,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berikut adalah penjelasan hasil perhitungan dalam proses lapangan penumpukan peti kemas pada depo peti kemas di lokasi A.04.2 yang akan dijelaskan pada gambar berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 42,
"width": 73,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar IV.12",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 57,
"width": 334,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Penjelasan Hasil Perhitungan dalam Proses Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.2 Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 257,
"width": 139,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : Diolah oleh penulis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 293,
"width": 384,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "D. Perbandingan Utilisasi Depo Peti Kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung pada Tahun 2011 Berdasarkan Lokasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 323,
"width": 89,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "A.04.1 dan A.04.2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 338,
"width": 324,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui perbandingan utilisasi depo peti kemas berdasarkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 364,
"width": 357,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "lokasi A.04.1 dan A.04.2, penulis menggabungkan hasil perhitungan utilisasi depo kontainer berdasarkan lokasi A.04.1 dan A.04.2 kedalam table. Sehingga dapat terlihat jelas perbandingan diantara keduanya. Di tabel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 148,
"width": 324,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sehingga rata-rata waktu dalam sistem peti kemas yang masuk dan keluar di depo A.04.2 adalah 63,36 jam /box.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 201,
"width": 324,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Berikut adalah penjelasan hasil perhitungan dalam proses lapangan penumpukan peti kemas pada depo peti kemas di lokasi A.04.2 yang akan dijelaskan pada gambar berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 235,
"top": 279,
"width": 73,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar IV.12",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 294,
"width": 334,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Penjelasan Hasil Perhitungan dalam Proses Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.2 Depo Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 494,
"width": 139,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : Diolah oleh penulis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 529,
"width": 384,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "D. Perbandingan Utilisasi Depo Peti Kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung pada Tahun 2011 Berdasarkan Lokasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 559,
"width": 89,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "A.04.1 dan A.04.2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 574,
"width": 357,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui perbandingan utilisasi depo peti kemas berdasarkan lokasi A.04.1 dan A.04.2, penulis menggabungkan hasil perhitungan utilisasi depo kontainer berdasarkan lokasi A.04.1 dan A.04.2 kedalam table. Sehingga dapat terlihat jelas perbandingan diantara keduanya. Di tabel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 279,
"width": 49,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar 9",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 344,
"width": 354,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "D. Perbandingan Utilisasi Depo Peti Kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung pada Tahun 2011 Berdasarkan Lokasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 374,
"width": 85,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "A.04.1 dan A.04.2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 391,
"width": 368,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui perbandingan utilisasi depo peti kemas berdasarkan lokasi A.04.1 dan A.04.2, penulis menggabungkan hasil perhitungan utilisasi depo kontainer berdasarkan lokasi A.04.1 dan A.04.2 kedalam table. Sehingga dapat terlihat jelas perbandingan diantara keduanya. Di tabel tersebut kita dapat mengetahui lamanya waktu peti kemas untuk di proses. Misalnya, berapa lama sebuah petikemas harus menunggu untuk di proses pada setiap lokasi depo peti kemas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 512,
"width": 345,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Untuk lebih jelasnya, berikut merupakan data dari kedua lokasi depo peti kemas tersebut yang telah penulis sajikan dalam bentuk table.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "172",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": -53,
"width": 372,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "tersebut kita dapat mengetahui lamanya waktu peti kemas untuk di proses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": -26,
"width": 372,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Misalnya, berapa lama sebuah petikemas harus menunggu untuk di proses pada setiap lokasi depo peti kemas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 28,
"width": 344,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Untuk lebih jelasnya, berikut merupakan data dari kedua lokasi depo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 56,
"width": 320,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "peti kemas tersebut yang telah penulis sajikan dalam bentuk table.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 229,
"top": 84,
"width": 58,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tabel IV.3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 100,
"width": 349,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Data Gabungan Proses Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.1 dan Lokasi A.04.2 di Depo Peti Kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 132,
"width": 243,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Nusantara (Persero) Cakung pada Tahun 2011",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 148,
"width": 225,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Depo Peti Kemas Lokasi Depo Peti Kemas Lokasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 44,
"top": 160,
"width": 363,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "A.04.1 A.04.2 Rata-rata Traffic / Volume 2,21 box /hari 5,93 box /hari Peti Kemas ( λ ) Tingkat Rata-rata 4,51 hari /box 2,64 hari /box Lama Hari atau atau Pengendapan ( ) 0,2217 box /hari 0,3788 box /hari Utilisasi ( ) 4,75% 7,45% Rata-rata Peti Kemas dalam 0 peti kemas 0 peti kemas Antrian (L q ) Rata-rata Waktu dalam 0 jam 0 jam Antrian (W q ) Rata-rata Peti Kemas dalam 9,97 peti kemas 15,65 peti kemas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 355,
"width": 69,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sistem (L s ) Rata-rata Waktu dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 381,
"width": 308,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "108,24 jam /box 63,36 jam /box Sistem (W s )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 406,
"width": 150,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : Diolah oleh penulis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 437,
"width": 375,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari tabel IV.3 diatas, maka dapat diketahui perbandingan antara proses berdasarkan lokasi A.04.1 dan lokasi A.04.2 depo peti kemas yang tersedia, sehingga dapat memudahkan untuk membandingkannya. Dari tabel tersebut terlihat utilisasi lokasi A.04.1 adalah 4,75% dengan rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ), dan terlihat utilisasi pada lokasi A.04.2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 575,
"width": 378,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "7,45% dengan rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ). Hal itu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 83,
"width": 40,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Tabel 3",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 438,
"width": 367,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Dari tabel 3 diatas, maka dapat diketahui perbandingan antara proses berdasarkan lokasi A.04.1 dan lokasi A.04.2 depo peti kemas yang tersedia, sehingga dapat memudahkan untuk membandingkannya. Dari tabel tersebut terlihat utilisasi lokasi A.04.1 adalah 4,75% dengan rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ), dan terlihat utilisasi pada lokasi A.04.2 7,45% dengan rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ). Hal itu mengisyaratkan bahwa lokasi A.04.1 dan A.04.2 depo peti kemas rendahnya tingkat utilisasi penumpukan peti kemas yang ada, cara mengatasinya adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 574,
"width": 332,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "1). Meningkatkan traffic / volume peti kemas yang akan ditumpuk,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 590,
"width": 346,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "2). Melakukan peningkatan usaha pemasaran dengan strategi 4P ( Product, Price, Promotion, Place ).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "173",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 158,
"top": 222,
"width": 108,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sumber : www.unctad.org",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 233,
"width": 62,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Gambar I 0.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 249,
"width": 337,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Pengelompokan Kategori Utilisasi Berdasarkan Persentase Hasil Perhitungan Lapangan Penumpukan Peti Kemas Lokasi A.04.1 dan A.04.2 Depo Peti Kemas PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 288,
"width": 127,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Cakung pada Tahun 2011",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 312,
"width": 368,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Proses perhitungan berdasarkan jumlah petikemas yang datang dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat utilisasi ( ρ 1 ) lokasi A.04.1 depo peti kemas sebesar 4,75% dengan rata-rata traffic / volume peti kemas ( λ 1 ) 2,21 box / hari, tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan ( µ 1 ) 0,2217 box /hari dan rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian (Lq) adalah 0 peti kemas dengan rata- rata waktu dalam antrian (Wq) 0 jam, dengan hal ini dimaksud adalah dalam kurun waktu 0 jam terdapat 0 peti kemas yang menunggu untuk di proses. Sedangkan rata-rata peti kemas dalam sistem (L s ) adalah sebanyak 9,97 peti kemas dengan rata-rata waktu dalam sistem (W s ) 108,24 jam, ini berarti untuk rata-rata sebanyak 9,97 peti kemas harus menunggu dari mulai mengantri sampai selesai proses selama 108,24 jam /box.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 482,
"width": 364,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sedangkan proses perhitungan berdasarkan jumlah peti kemas yang datang dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat utilisasi ( ρ 2 ) lokasi A.04.2 depo peti kemas sebesar 7,45% dengan rata-rata traffic / volume peti kemas ( λ 2 ) 5,93 box /hari, tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan ( µ 2 ) 0,3788 box /hari dan rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian (Lq) adalah 0 peti kemas dengan rata-rata waktu dalam antrian (Wq) 0 jam, dengan hal ini dimaksud adalah dalam kurun waktu 0 jam terdapat 0 peti kemas yang menunggu untuk di proses. Sedangkan rata-rata peti kemas dalam sistem (L s ) adalah sebanyak 15,65 peti kemas dengan rata-rata waktu dalam sistem (W s ) 63,36 jam, ini berarti untuk rata-rata sebanyak 15,65 peti kemas harus menunggu dari mulai mengantri sampai selesai proses selama 63,36 jam /box.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "174",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 50,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan logistik, Vol.1.No1 September 2014",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 83,
"width": 67,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 110,
"width": 367,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Depo peti kemas lokasi A.04.1 PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) Cakung tahun 2011, Rata-rata traffic/ volume peti kemas atau kecepatan kedatangan peti kemas selama 12 bulan (365 hari) adalah 2,21 box/hari ( λ 1 ). Tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan ( dwelling time ) adalah 4,51 hari /box atau 0,2217 box /hari ( µ 1 ). Utilisasi penumpukan peti kemas berdasarkan jumlahnya adalah sebesar 4,75% ( ρ 1 ) rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ) dilihat dari 4,75% . Rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian di depo peti kemas lokasi A.04.1 adalah 0 peti kemas (Lq). Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian di depo peti kemas lokasi A.04.1 adalah 0 jam (Wq), sedang rata-rata peti kemas dalam sistem di depo peti kemas lokasi A.04.1 adalah sebanyak 9,97 peti kemas (L s ) dan rata-rata waktu adalah 108,24 jam /box (W s ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 296,
"width": 367,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Depo peti kemas lokasi A.04.2 PT. Kawasan Berikat Nusantara (Persero) rata-rata traffic/ volume peti kemas atau kecepatan kedatangan peti kemas selama 12 bulan (365 hari) adalah 5,93 box /hari ( λ 2 ). Tingkat rata-rata lama hari pengendapan ( dwelling time ) peti kemas adalah 2,64 hari /box atau 0,3788 box /hari ( µ 2 ). Utilisasi penumpukan peti kemas berdasarkan jumlahnya adalah sebesar 7,45% ( ρ 2 ) rendahnya tingkat utilisasi ( under utilized ) dilihat dari 7,45% dalam hal penumpukan dan lama pengendapan peti kemas. Rata-rata peti kemas dalam antrian adalah 0 peti kemas (Lq). Rata-rata waktu dalam antrian adalah 0 jam (Wq), sedang rata-rata peti kemas dalam sistem adalah sebanyak 15,65 peti kemas (L s ). Rata-rata waktu dalam sistem adalah 63,36 jam /box (W s ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 662,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "175",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 49,
"width": 260,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Utilisasi Penumpukan Peti Kemas Terhadap Kapasitas ........",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 83,
"width": 115,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 106,
"width": 365,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Abbas Salim; Manajemen Transportasi, Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2002.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 137,
"width": 363,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Amirullah; Manajemen, Gramedia, Jakarta, 2004. Bambang Sayaka; Manajemen, Gramedia, Jakarta, 1996. Crompton dan Jessop lysons; Manajemen dan Logistik, Jakarta, 2009. Djauhari Ahsjari; Pedoman Transaksi Ekspor dan Impor, Prestasi Pustaka, Jakarta, 2007.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 218,
"width": 365,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Iskandar Putong; Economics pengantar mikro dan makro, Mitra wacana media, Jakarta, 2007.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 249,
"width": 343,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Lukas Dwiantara; Manajemen Logistik, Prestasi Pustaka, Jakarta, 2004.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 266,
"width": 353,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Mentri Perdagangan; Surat Keputusan Manajemen Pergudangan No. 337/Kp/XI/1988 dan No. 31/Kp/I/80, Jakarta. Nasution M. N; Manajemen Transportasi, Ghalia Indonesia, Bogor, 2010.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 315,
"width": 280,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Pangestu; Operation Research, BPFE, Yogyakarta, 1988 Siswanto; Operation Research, Erlangga, Jakarta, 2002",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 348,
"width": 324,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Sri Mulyono; Riset Operasi, Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 2002 Soedjono Kramadibrata ; Perencanaan Pelabuhan, Bandung, 1985",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 397,
"width": 335,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 523,
"page_height": 722,
"text": "Studi Kelayakan Samudera Indonesia Group ; Shipping, Jakarta, 1990 Suyono R. P; Shipping, PPM, Jakarta, 2003.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
a907e6d8-f63f-7d32-495a-8eb340bf3b30 | https://ejournal.polbeng.ac.id/index.php/IBP/article/download/1108/551 | [
{
"left": 119,
"top": 779,
"width": 235,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "* Corresponding author E ‐ mail addresses : [email protected] (H. Setiawan) 2614 ‐ 6983/ © 2018 P3M Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis. All rights reserved.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 230,
"top": 42,
"width": 174,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi dan Bisnis 7 (2019) 105-110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 53,
"width": 115,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Inovbiz",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 86,
"width": 229,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Website: www.ejournal.polbeng.ac.id/index.php/IBP Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 118,
"width": 414,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Eksplorasi Keterkaitan antara Citra Destinasi, Personalitas Destinasi dan Niat Berkunjung Kembali ke Destinasi Wisata",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 167,
"width": 334,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Heri Setiawan 1, *, Jusmawi Bustan 2 , Abd. Hamid 3 , Ummasyroh 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 190,
"top": 182,
"width": 258,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1,2,3,4 Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, 30136",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 410,
"width": 77,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 428,
"width": 213,
"height": 320,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persepsi citra destinasi berperan penting dalam hal daya saing di pasar pariwisata (San Martín & Rodríguez del Bosque, 2008). Strategi yang dikembangkan oleh berbagai negara agar citra destinasi mampu bersaing dengan citra destinasi lain telah menjadi kajian penting dalam penelitian pariwisata (Castro, Martín Armario, & Martín Ruiz, 2007). Salah satu elemen terpenting yang menjadi kajian adalah perhatian pengelola pariwisata untuk mampu memahami perilaku wisatawan. Apabila pengelola pariwisata mampu memberikan pengalaman yang baik kepada wisatawan selama di destinasi wisata maka wisatawan akan berkunjung kembali ke destinasi wisata, dan hal ini akan meningkatkan pendapatan bagi pihak terkait dan kesempatan bagi pengelola destinasi wisata untuk membangun lebih dekat hubungan dengan wisatawan (Petrick, 2004). Kajian Bigné, Sánchez, & Sánchez (2001); Chen & Tsai (2007); Choi, Tkachenko, & Sil (2011) menunjukkan bahwa citra destinasi berdampak pada proses pemilihan tujuan wisatawan dan niat mereka untuk mengunjungi destinasi. Citra positif dari suatu destinasi terbentuk pada akhir pengalaman perjalanan wisatawan yang positif. Hal ini memastikan bahwa wisatawan menilai destinasi memiliki citra positif yang dapat berdampak pada niat perilaku wisatawan. Hal ini memberi kontribusi bagi wisatawan untuk meninjau kembali destinasi yang sama (Chi & Qu, 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 748,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kota Palembang merupakan salah satu kota terbesar kedua di Pulau Sumatera dan Ibu Kota",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 428,
"width": 205,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Kota Palembang kaya akan sumber daya alam dan buatan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai daya tarik wisata. Sumber daya alam yang dapat menjadi obyek wisata di Kota Pa- lembang adalah Sungai Musi, Bukit Siguntang dan Pulau Kemaro. Sedangkan sumber daya buatan yang dapat dijadikan obyek wisata adalah Jaka- baring Sportcity, Jembatan Ampera, Tugu Mon- pera, Benteng Kuto besak, Taman Purbakala Ke- rajaan Sriwijaya, Museum Balaputra Dewa, dan Masjid Agung. Bagi pelaku usaha pariwisata, memahami perilaku pembelian wisatawan dan memprediksi niat wisatawan berkunjung kembali di masa datang merupakan salah satu tugas penting.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 583,
"width": 220,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Para peneliti menjelaskan bahwa memprediksi perilaku manusia merupakan salah satu kajian pokok dalam penelitian perilaku konsumen, dan tugas yang rumit dan sulit. Keinginan dan kebutuhan konsumen relatif bervariasi dan berubah terus-menerus dengan pandangan yang berbeda. Dalam literatur pariwisata, mengeksplorasi niat kunjungan wisatawan untuk terlibat keanekaragaman jenis wisata merupakan salah satu fokus utama (Lam & Hsu, 2006). Perilaku wisatawan dalam berkunjung ke destinasi wisata bersifat agregat dan lebih spesifik, terutama dari segi proses konsumsi turis. Perilaku wisatawan bisa terbagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu sebelum, selama dan setelah kunjungan ke destinasi wisata (Chen & Tsai, 2007). Oleh karena itu, sebagian besar penelitian yang mengeksplorasi niat berkunjungan kembali",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 207,
"width": 64,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ARTICLE INFO",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 228,
"width": 76,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Destination image Destination personality Intention to revisit",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 317,
"width": 100,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received: 18 November 2019 Received in revised: 02 Desember 2019 Accepted: 14 Desember 2019",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 357,
"width": 101,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Published: 20 Desember 2019",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 209,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 233,
"width": 287,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Most countries try to develop tourism destinations with a variety of strategies to be able to compete with other destinations. This study is designed to explore the relationship between destination image, destination personality, and intention to re-visit tourists to tourism destinations. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach to the design of causality research. The research sample is domestic tourists who have visited tourist destinations in Palembang such as Ben- teng Kuto Besak, Jaka Baring Sport City, Kemaro Island, Kambang Iwak Park, Punti Kayu Park, Siguntang Park, Taman Purbakala Sriwijaya totaling 192 re- spondents. The structural equation model is used to test the model developed using the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation method using AMOS 22.0. The re- sults of the study explained that there is a linear relationship between destination images and destination personalities. There is no linear relationship between the destination images with the intention to visiting again. Then, there is a linear rela- tionship between personalities of the destination ith the intention of visiting again.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 379,
"width": 44,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Open Access",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 37,
"width": 411,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Heri Setiawan, Jusmawi Bustan, Abd. Hamid, Ummasyroh Jurnal Inovasi dan Bisnis 7 (2019) 105 ‐ 110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 783,
"width": 15,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "106",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 213,
"height": 227,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "wisatawan terfokus pada pengungkapan hubungan antara niat kembali dan faktor yang mempengaruhi faktor dalam proses pengambilan keputusan wisatawan dalam mengunjungi destinasi wisata. Penelitian terdahulu telah difokuskan pada pengujian hubungan antara faktor yang memperngaruhi keputusan wisatawan sebelum kunjungan dan niat berkunjung kembali seperti citra destinasi (Baloglu & McCleary, 1999); motivasi (Huang & Hsu, 2009), atau efek dari motivasi dan kepuasan sebelum kunjungan dan setelah kunjungan terhadap niat berkunjung kembali wisatawan (Huang & Hsu, 2009). Akan tetapi, masih sedikit penelitian yang memfokuskan kajian pada eksplorasi hubungan antara citra destinasi, kegiatan wisatawan sebelum, selama, dan setelah kunjungan, personalitas destinasi yang mempengaruhi niat berkunjung kembali. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengkaji keterkaitan antara citra destinasi, personalitas destinasi dan niat berkunjung kembali wisatawan ke destinasi wisata.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 291,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Tinjauan Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 308,
"width": 66,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Citra Destinasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 319,
"width": 212,
"height": 289,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konsep citra telah dipelajari selama bertahun- tahun di bidang pemasaran, khususnya perilaku pelanggan (Stepchenkova & Morrison, 2008). Ada berbagai definisi tentang citra. Menurut (Rodríguez del Bosque, San Martín, & Collado, 2006) citra adalah hasil dari persepsi pelanggan terhadap perusahaan. Citra perusahaan terdiri dari kesan, kepercayaan dan perasaan yang dimiliki dan diberikan seseorang terhadap perusahaan (Nguyen & Leblanc, 2001) menyatakan bahwa citra adalah kesan yang ditinggalkan perusahaan dalam pikiran konsumen. Dampak yang dimiliki citra terhadap pikiran konsumen terwujud dengan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh konglomerasi periklanan, hubungan masyarakat, periklanan dari mulut ke mulut dan melalui pengalaman yang dimiliki konsumen dengan barang dan jasa. Citra perusahaan adalah variabel yang signifikan yang dapat memiliki efek positif atau negatif pada aktivitas pemasaran perusahaan (Kandampully & Suhartanto, 2000). Citra perusahaan memiliki peran utama dalam pemasaran produk dan layanan perusahaan, diterima oleh kelompok sasaran, sebagai nama yang terkenal di pasar bersangkutan, memiliki kehidupan pemasaran yang panjang dan meningkatkan pangsa pasarnya (Bayuk, & Kucuk, 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 619,
"width": 99,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Personalitas Destinasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 629,
"width": 214,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ekinci & Hosany (2006) mendefinisikan per- sonalitas destinasi sebagai himpunan karakteristik manusia terkait dengan persepsi destinasi oleh wisatawan dari sudut pandang warga setempat. Citra destinasi telah dipelajari sejak awal tahun 1970an, saat Hunt (1975) melakukan penelitian yang berpengaruh terhadap pentingnya pengembangan citra pariwisata. Dalam tiga terakhir dekade telah terjadi peningkatan besar dalam penelitian tentang citra destinasi, sementara penelitian tentang kepribadian destinasi secara relatif merupakan perkembangan baru dalam studi akademis (Ekinci & Hosany,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 57,
"width": 210,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2006). Satu-satunya studi tentang kepribadian merek dalam penelitian pariwisata dilakukan oleh Ekinci dan Hosany (2006), yang meneliti tentang industri restoran. Setelah penelitian Ekinci dan Hosany (2006) tentang merek kepribadian destinasi, kontribusi lebih lanjut diberikan oleh Li, Cai, Lehto, & Huang (2010); Usakli & Baloglu (2011); Kim & Lehto (2012). Ekinci & Riley (2003) mendefinisikan hubungan antara merek destinasi dan merek kepribadian destinasi, bahwa kepribadian merek itu adalah bagian dari merek. Kepribadian merek destinasi membangun fondasi dari sebuah merek destinasi yang sukses (Ekinci dan Riley, 2003). Ekinci dan Hosany (2006) menentukan perbedaan antara citra destinasi dan kepribadian merek adalah sub komponen citra, karena kepribadian merek yang hidup dan menarik adalah persepsi citra destinasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 254,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Niat Berkunjung kembali",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 265,
"width": 213,
"height": 258,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam literatur pariwisata saat ini, mengeksplorasi niat kunjungan wisatawan untuk terlibat dalam keanekaragaman jenis wisata merupakan salah satu fokus utama (Lam & Hsu, 2006). Selama beberapa dekade terakhir, sejumlah teori telah dikembangkan dan diuji dalam konteks yang berbeda untuk memahami perilaku manusia. Teori perilaku terencana adalah salah satu kerangka konseptual yang paling berpengaruh dan populer untuk mempelajari maksud orang orang untuk melakukan perilaku tertentu (Ajzen, 2002). Dibandingkan dengan kunjungan pertama kali, kunjungan kembali ke destinasi cenderung merekomendasikan dari mulut ke mulut (Petrick, 2004). Dengan demikian, niat wisatawan untuk kembali telah menjadi salah satu fokus utama dalam literatur pariwisata. Beberapa penelitian telah menerapkan teori perilaku terencana untuk menjelaskan dan memprediksi tujuan kunjungan wisatawan dengan membandingkan kunjungan pertama kali dengan kunjungan kembali. Pengunjung yang cenderung merekomendasikan dari mulut ke mulut merupakan bagian penting dari target pasar (Petrick, 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 530,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 547,
"width": 215,
"height": 217,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sampel penelitian sebanyak 192 responden dengan ketentuan pemilihan terhadap wisatawan yang pernah berkunjung di 7 objek wisata di Kota Palembang. Jenis sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling . Pendekatan pemodelan persamaan struktural digunakan untuk menguji model yang diusulkan menggunakan metode estimasi maximum likelihood (ML) dengan bantuan AMOS 22.0. Pendekatan dua tahap digunakan pada penelitian ini. Model pengukuran konfirmasi diuji terlebih dahulu dan diikuti oleh model struktural, untuk kedua sampel secara bersamaan. Beberapa uji statistik dilakukan untuk menentukan seberapa baik model penelitian cocok dengan data, termasuk pengukuran chi square statistik dengan nilai p dan indeks kesesuaian lainnya seperti Kesesuaian Komparatif Indeks (CFI), Residual Square Mean Root Standar (SRMR) dan Root Mean Square Error dari Aproksimasi (RMSEA). Studi menunjukkan bahwa CFI harus melebihi 0,90, dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 37,
"width": 412,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Heri Setiawan, Jusmawi Bustan, Abd. Hamid, Ummasyroh Jurnal Inovasi dan Bisnis 7 (2019) 105 ‐ 110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 511,
"top": 783,
"width": 15,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "107",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 57,
"width": 202,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SRMR dan RMSEA harus lebih rendah dari 0,08 (Marsh et al., 1996).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 84,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 101,
"width": 209,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji reliabilitas dalam penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai konsistensi internal variabel penelitian. Penilaian reliabilitas dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai Cronbach’s alpha dan Composite reliability (CR). Nilai Cronbach’s alpha untuk konstruk nilai pengalaman, citra destinasi dan niat berkunjung kembali menunjukkan konsistensi internal yang signifikan yaitu: 0.796, 0.839, dan 0.899. Nilai Composite reliability (CR) untuk konstruk nilai pengalaman, citra destinasi dan niat berkunjung kembali berkisar antara 0.886 hingga 0.898. Hasil ini menjelaskan bahwa instrumen penelitian yang digunakan mempunyai reliabilitas yang baik karena diatas nilai yang dipersyaratkan, yaitu 0.70 untuk Cronbach’s alpha dan 0.60 untuk Composite reliability (Hair, et al., 2017). Hasil uji reliabilitas konstruk penelitian dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 294,
"width": 207,
"height": 267,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Pengukuran reliabilitas instrumen Variabel Cronbach α Composite Reliability (CR) Citra destinasi 0.796 0.923 Personalitas destinasi Niat berkunjung kembali 0.839 0.899 0.830 0.994 Sumber: Data olahan, 2018 Analisis faktor konfirmatori ( confirmatory factor analysis ) digunakan untuk memeriksa kualitas semua model pengukuran, termasuk pengujian validitas konvergen dan validitas diskriminan. Validitas konvergen hasil model pengukuran didukung oleh reliabilitas item, reliabilitas konstruk (komposit), dan ekstraksi varians rata-rata (Hair et al., 2017). Reliabilitas item menunjukkan jumlah varians dalam suatu item yang mendasari konstruk, dan t-value yang terkait dengan setiap standard loading yang signifikan (p <0,01), menunjukkan item adalah reliabel. Hair et al., (2017) menjelaskan bahwa perkiraan reliabilitas konstruk harus sama dengan atau lebih besar dari 0.7 dan ekstraksi varians rata-rata, ukuran jumlah varian yang dijelaskan oleh konstruk harus di atas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 561,
"width": 18,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0.5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 572,
"width": 225,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada penelitian ini, reliabilitas semua konstruk penelitian melebihi tingkat yang direkomendasikan dan ekstraksi varians rata-rata dari nilai pengalaman, citra destinasi dan niat berkunjung kembali lebih dari 0.5. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa item pengukuran memiliki reliabilitas dan validitas yang baik. Setelah menghitung validitas konvergen, maka tahapan selanjutnya menghitung validitas diskriminan untuk mengetahui terjadinya diskriminasi antar konstruk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 57,
"width": 205,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2. Pengukuran validitas instrumen Const Item Standardized Loading t-value AVE EV EV1 EV2 EV3 EV4 EV5 0.623 0.765 0.844 0.948 0.990 5.342 7.884 9.275 10.25 - 0.712 DI RI DI1 DI2 DI3 DI4 DI5 RI1 RI2 RI3 0.529 0.770 0.929 0.590 0.664 0.996 0.988 0.976 3.005 7.944 - 3.441 7.988 - 14.288 14.591 0.631 0.584",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 212,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: Data olahan, 2018",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 228,
"width": 172,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3. Pengukuran Validitas Diskriminan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 244,
"width": 194,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Const Mean S.D EV SAT RI EV 4.1 0.7 .603 DI RI 4.2 4.5 0.6 0.6 .392 .441 .609 .469 .815 Sumber: Data olahan, 2018",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 309,
"width": 168,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Goodness of Fit Indices",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 325,
"width": 197,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji Model Syarat Minumum Hasil Keterangan Chi square Diharapkan kecil 49.685 Baik CMIN/df GFI TLI CFI AGFI RMSEA < 2.00 > 0.90 ≥ 0.95 > 0.95 > 0.90 < 0.08 0.937 0.963 1.000 1.000 0.961 0.000 Baik Baik Baik Baik",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 399,
"width": 185,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Baik Baik Sumber: Data olahan, 2018",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 432,
"width": 209,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengukuran keseluruhan model indeks fit, diketahui bahwa nilai chi square = 49,685 dengan p-value 0.604 ( α > 0,05), cmin / df = 0,937, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model tersebut adalah layak dan cocok. Kemudian, indikator goodness of fit lainnya mendukung kecocokan model (RMSEA = 0.000, GFI = 0,963, AGFI = 0,961, TLI = 1.005, CFI = 1.000).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 706,
"width": 170,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Hasil Uji Persamaan Struktural",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 37,
"width": 411,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Heri Setiawan, Jusmawi Bustan, Abd. Hamid, Ummasyroh Jurnal Inovasi dan Bisnis 7 (2019) 105 ‐ 110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 783,
"width": 15,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "108",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 78,
"width": 162,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Estimasi Model Struktural",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 144,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: Data olahan, 2018",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 163,
"width": 207,
"height": 256,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh angka C.R sebesar 4.937 dengan P value 0.000 sehingga dapat dijelaskan bahwa H 0 ditolak dan H 1 diterima. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa ada hubungan linier antara citra destinasi dengan personalitas destinasi. Wisatawan yang berkun- jung ke destinasi wisata di kota Palembang menganggap citra destinasi wisata secara umum telah cukup baik. Obyek wisata alam dan buatan yang ada dinilai memiliki daya tarik yang tinggi bagi wisatawan untuk berkunjung dan memiliki keunikan tersendiri dibandingkan destinasi wisata di tempat lain, misalnya Jembatan Ampera yang berdiri di atas Sungai Musi dan Pulau Kemaro dengan cerita legenda Tan Bun An dan Putri Fati- mah. Besarnya pengaruh citra destinasi terhadap personalitas destinasi sebesar 0.441 atau 44.1%. Penelitian ini mendukung penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Ekinci & Hosany (2006); Li et al., (2010), Usakli & Baloglu (2011); Kim & Lehto (2012) dimana dinyatakan bahwa citra destinasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap personalitas destinasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 420,
"width": 208,
"height": 256,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diperoleh angka C.R sebesar 0.815 dengan P value 0.415 sehingga dapat dijelaskan bahwa H 0 diterima dan H 1 ditolak. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa tidak ada hubungan linier antara citra destinasi dengan niat berkunjung kembali. Wisatawan yang berkunjung ke destinasi wisata di kota Palembang mengang- gap citra destinasi wisata secara umum telah cukup baik akan tetapi masih banyak fasilitas in- frastruktur yang disediakan pengelola destinasi belum cukup memenuhi persyaratan secara baik. Salah satu yang menjadi perhatian wisatawan adalah sarana umum dan parkir yang belum dikelola secara baik, sehingga wisatawan cender- ung memiliki keinginan yang rendah untuk berkun- jung kembali ke destinasi wisata. Besarnya pengaruh citra destinasi terhadap niat berkunjung kembali sebesar 0.079 atau 7.9%. Penelitian ini berbeda dengan penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Setiawan, Ridho, & Yanti (2019); Artuger, Cetinsoz, & Kilic (2013) dimana dinyatakan bahwa citra destinasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat berkunjung kembali.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 677,
"width": 206,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh angka C.R sebesar 5.255 dengan P value 0.000 sehingga dapat dijelaskan bahwa H 0 ditolak dan H 1 diterima. Artinya, ada hubungan linier antara personalitas destinasi dengan niat berkunjung kembali. Wisatawan yang berkunjung ke destinasi wisata di kota Palembang menganggap personal- itas destinasi wisata yang ada secara umum telah sesuai dengan keinginan. Obyek wisata alam dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 163,
"width": 207,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "buatan yang ada dinilai memiliki kesesuaian dengan minat wisatawan untuk berlibur dibanding- kan destinasi wisata di tempat lain, misalnya Jaka- baring sportcity terkenal dengan keberhasilan penyelengaraan even besar skala nasional dan in- ternasional sehingga mendorong wisatawan untuk berminat datang kembali di masa mendatang. Besarnya pengaruh personalitas destinasi secara parsial terhadap niat berkunjung kembali sebesar 0.920 atau 92%. Penelitian ini mendukung penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Beerli, Meneses, & Gil (2007); Usakli & Baloglu (2011); Hung & Petrick (2011) dimana dinyatakan bahwa personalitas destinasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat berkunjung kembali.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 325,
"width": 71,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 342,
"width": 211,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Destinasi wisata saat ini menghadapi persaingan ketat dan tantangan terus bertambah setiap tahun. Oleh sebab itu, penting untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang apa yang mendorong perilaku wisatawan. Temuan utama dari penelitian ini menawarkan implikasi yang penting bagi pelaku pariwisata dalam konteks destinasi wisata di Indonesia khususnya di propinsi Sumatra Selatan. Menciptakan dan mengelola citra yang menarik di benak wisatawan merupakan kunci penting untuk kesuksesan berkelanjutan bagi semua bisnis, dan ini terutama berlaku untuk destinasi pariwisata karena citra positif membantu memposisikan suatu destinasi wisata dalam kaitan dengan para pesaingnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 508,
"width": 212,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penciptaan citra positif di antara wisatawan potensial mungkin proses yang sangat penting di mana pengelola destinasi wisata dapat menciptakan permintaan dan perlu untuk mengidentifikasi peran komponen kognitif dan afektif dari citra destinasi agar dapat secara akurat menerapkan strategi penentuan posisi yang paling efektif dan akan mendorong wisatawan untuk berkunjung kembali ke destinasi wisata.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 607,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Referensi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 624,
"width": 204,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 32(4), 665–",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 666,
"width": 23,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "683.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 680,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Artuger, Savas., Cetinsoz, Cevdet, Burcin., Kilic, I.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 690,
"width": 166,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2013). The Effect of Destination Image on Destination Loyalty: An Application In Alanya. European Journal of Business and Management , 5(13),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 732,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "124–136.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 746,
"width": 201,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 91,
"width": 397,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel Dependen Variabel Independen Koefisien ( β ) S.E C.R P value Keputusan Personalitas Destinasi Niat Berkunjung Kembali Niat Berkunjung Kembali Citra Destinasi Citra Destinasi Personalitas Destinasi 0.441 0.079 0.920 0.089 0.097 0.175 4.937 0.815 5.255 0.000 0.415 0.000 Diterima Ditolak Diterima",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 37,
"width": 412,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Heri Setiawan, Jusmawi Bustan, Abd. Hamid, Ummasyroh Jurnal Inovasi dan Bisnis 7 (2019) 105 ‐ 110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 511,
"top": 783,
"width": 15,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "109",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 57,
"width": 163,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tourism Research , 26(4), 868–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160- 7383(99)00030-4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 209,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bayuk, Nedim ., Kucuk, F. (2008). I ş Letme Çali Ş Anlarinin Mü ş ter İ Olma Güdüsü Üzer İ Ndek İ etk İ S İ The Employees’ Impact on patronage. Journal of Yasar University , 3(11), 1575–1586.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 148,
"width": 205,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Beerli, A., Meneses, G. D., & Gil, S. M. (2007). Self-congruity and destination choice. Annals of Tourism Research , 34(3), 571–587.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 193,
"width": 205,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bigné, J. E., Sánchez, M. I., & Sánchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purhase behaviour: Inter- relationship. Tourism Management , 22(6), 607–616.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 249,
"width": 210,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Castro, C. B., Martín Armario, E., & Martín Ruiz, D. (2007). The influence of market heterogeneity on the relationship between a destination’s image and tourists’ future behaviour. Tourism Management , 28(1), 175–187.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 315,
"width": 206,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chen, C. F., & Tsai, D. C. (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management , 28(4), 1115–1122.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 360,
"width": 214,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chi, C. G. Q., & Qu, H. (2008). Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: An integrated approach. Tourism Management , 29(4), 624–636.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 426,
"width": 203,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Choi, J. G., Tkachenko, T., & Sil, S. (2011). On the destination image of Korea by Russian tourists. Tourism Management , 32(1), 193–194.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 472,
"width": 207,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ekinci, Y., & Hosany, S. (2006). Destination personality: An application of brand personality to tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research , 45(2),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 513,
"width": 43,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "127–139.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 528,
"width": 202,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ekinci, Y., & Riley, M. (2003). An investigation of self-concept: Actual and ideal self- congruence compared in the context of service evaluation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services , 10(4), 201– 214.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 594,
"width": 208,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hair, F. Joseph, Jr., Hult M.Tomas G., Ringle, M.Christian., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS- SEM). SAGE Publication, Inc (Second Ed).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 660,
"width": 208,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Huang, S., & Hsu, C. H. C. (2009). Effects of travel motivation, past experience, perceived constraint, and attitude on revisit intention. Journal of Travel Research , 48(1), 29–44.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 716,
"width": 210,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hung, K., & Petrick, J. F. (2011). Why do you cruise? Exploring the motivations for taking cruise holidays, and the construction of a cruising motivation",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 369,
"top": 57,
"width": 162,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "scale. Tourism Management , 32(2), 386–393.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 82,
"width": 211,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hunt, J. D. (1975). Image as a Factor in Tourism Development. Journal of Travel Research , 13(3), 1–7.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 117,
"width": 256,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kandampully, J., & Suhartanto, D. (2000). Customer loyalty in the hotel industry: The role of customer satisfaction and image. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , 12(6), 346–351.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 183,
"width": 214,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kim, S. E., & Lehto, X. Y. (2012). The voice of tourists with mobility disabilities: Insights from online customer complaint websites. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , 24(3), 451–476.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 249,
"width": 204,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lam, T., & Hsu, C. H. C. (2006). Predicting behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination. Tourism Management , 27(4), 589–599.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 294,
"width": 206,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Li, M., Cai, L. A., Lehto, X. Y., & Huang, J. Z. (2010). A missing link in understanding revisit intention-the role of motivation and image. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing , 27(4), 335–348.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 350,
"width": 209,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R.,danHau, K. (1996). An evaluation of incremental fit indices: aclarification of mathematical and empirical properties, in Marcoulides, G.A. and Schumacker, R.E. (Eds.), Structural Equation Modeling: Issues and Techniques, Erlbaum,Mahwah, NJ, 315-353.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 437,
"width": 210,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nguyen, N., & Leblanc, G. (2001). Corporate image and corporate reputation in customers’ retention decisions in services. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services , 8(4), 227–236.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 493,
"width": 203,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Petrick, J. F. (2004). Are loyal visitors desired visitors? Tourism Management , 25(4), 463–470.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 528,
"width": 218,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rodríguez del Bosque, I. A., San Martín, H., & Collado, J. (2006). The role of expectations in the consumer satisfaction formation process: Empirical evidence in the travel agency sector. Tourism Management , 27(3),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 369,
"top": 590,
"width": 43,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "410–419.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 604,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "San Martín, H., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. A.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 369,
"top": 614,
"width": 161,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2008). Exploring the cognitive- affective nature of destination image and the role of psychological factors in its formation. Tourism Management , 29(2), 263–277.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 670,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setiawan, H., Lestari, S., Ridho, Z., & Yanti, D. J.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 369,
"top": 681,
"width": 164,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2019). Keterkaitan antara electronic word of mouth , citra destinasi dan minat berkunjung ke gunung dempo Linkage among electronic word of mouth , destination image and travel intention to dempo mountain. Jurnal Manajemen , 11(2), 143–149.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 37,
"width": 411,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Heri Setiawan, Jusmawi Bustan, Abd. Hamid, Ummasyroh Jurnal Inovasi dan Bisnis 7 (2019) 105 ‐ 110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 783,
"width": 15,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "110",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 207,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Stepchenkova, S., & Morrison, A. M. (2008). Russia’s destination image among American pleasure travelers: Revisiting Echtner and Ritchie. Tourism Management , 29(3), 548–560.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Usakli, A., & Baloglu, S. (2011). Brand personality of tourist destinations: An application of self-congruity theory. , 32(1), 114–127.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
6dd937db-13bb-97a3-5c19-650f85b521da | https://journal.binus.ac.id/index.php/comtech/article/download/2220/1640 | [
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 324,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Impelementation of Information Technology… (Kornelius Irfandhi; et. al.)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 89,
"width": 444,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IMPELEMENTATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICE MANAGEMENT AT DATA AND INFORMATION SYSTEM CENTER OF XYZ UNIVERSITY",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 159,
"width": 356,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kornelius Irfandhi 1 ; Ariani Indrawati 2 ; Dwykie Alexandra 3 ; Krisantus Wanandi 4 ; Yanuari Harisky 5 ; Suryadiputra Liawatimena 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 198,
"width": 386,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1,2,3,4,5,6 Computer Science Department, School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University Jln. K.H. Syahdan No. 9 Palmerah, Jakarta Barat, 11480",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 221,
"width": 389,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 [email protected]; 2 [email protected]; 3 [email protected];",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 232,
"width": 337,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4 [email protected]; 5 [email protected]; 6 [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 262,
"top": 273,
"width": 74,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 313,
"width": 460,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Information Technology (IT) is increasingly progressing. Nowadays, the success of a business of the organization/company is highly dependent on the IT infrastructure used. Therefore, organizations/companies have to manage their IT service to be optimal to their customers. Looking at this matter and the increasing dynamics of XYZ University, then Data and Information System Center (Pusdatin) - an IT provider of XYZ University began implementing IT Service Management (ITSM) from 2013 using the latest version of Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), namely ITIL v3 as a framework for implementing ITSM in its business processes. However, along the way, there are still some problems happen in Pusdatin in order that ITSM can actually support and align with the objectives of XYZ University. Through this paper, the authors want to explain how the implementation of ITSM at Pusdatin, identify the problems related to the implementation of ITSM, and provide the solutions for each problem. The methods used are direct observation to Pusdatin, conduct an interview with the Head of Pusdatin and Staff of Pusdatin, and also perform a literature review of books and papers that discuss about ITIL. The result of this research is that ITSM process of Pusdatin generally works quite well but there are still some shortcomings because ITSM is not 100% implemented in all areas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 474,
"width": 224,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: IT Service, IT Service Management, ITIL v3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 511,
"width": 107,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 549,
"width": 460,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Information Technology (IT) is increasingly progressing and has helped organization / company in various fields. Therefore, each organizations / companies keep delivering more value and uniqueness in their products and/or services which have been provided to customers. The service quality is the main point for customers. Their service should be more increased according to the customer requirements, the condition of the organization/company, and the market at the time.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 625,
"width": 457,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nowadays the success of a business of the organization/company is highly dependent on the IT infrastructure used. If the infrastructure is used well, the business will be more successful. Thus, organizations / companies have to manage their IT service to be optimal to their customers, due to the good management of IT service so it can reduce or eliminate the impact caused by the incident, there is no work in vain, reduce rework, help to monitor employee performance results, adjust IT service with the infrastructure of the organization / company, etc.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 713,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IT Service Management (ITSM) is an implementation and management of IT service to ensure that IT service is aligned with business needs and actively support organization/company. ITSM is not",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 786,
"width": 188,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ComTech Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2016: 41-52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "only related to the availability of the IT infrastructure, but also related to the use of the infrastructure so the quality of IT service becomes more efficient and effective.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 123,
"width": 460,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "XYZ University is an institution of education and research in Jakarta, which consists of 11 faculties and 8 graduate schools, with an estimated 25.000 students, 1.200 staffs, and 3.000 lecturers. Looking at this increasing dynamics of XYZ University, then Data and Information System Center (Pusdatin) XYZ University is expected can deliver reliable IT service in order to improve the service qualityto users. One of efforts that Pusdatin performed is to improve the service quality by implementing ITSM which has been begun in 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 212,
"width": 460,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "There are many frameworks that can be used to implement ITSM. One of them is Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). ITIL has been proven can integrate and align IT and business objectives so that company can provide realistic, measurable, predictable, and efficient IT service. The use of ITIL is expected to improve productivity for company, the highest level of customer satisfaction, optimize budget, increase service availability, and reduce the impact of the risk (Cervone, 2008; Iden & Eikebrokk, 2011; McNaughton et al., 2010; Pollard & Cater-Steel, 2009), and also can predict the market, product, and service in the future. ITIL is widely used in organizations throughout the world, such as Microsoft, HP, Fujitsu, IBM, Walmart, Target, Staples, Citi, Bank of America, Barclays Bank, Sony, Disney, Boeing, Toyota, Bombardier, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Arraj, 2013), University of Birmingham (O'Byrne, 2009), and University of Nottingham (Hyde, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 364,
"width": 460,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Because of many companies have implemented ITIL and has been proven successful, ITIL can be implemented on various types of organization with the various size and objectives of the company. Therefore, Pusdatin decided to use ITIL latest version (version 3) with many reasons. One of them is to adopt a concept that has been proven and used globally, so Pusdatin can provide the consistent, efficient, and effective servicein accordance with Service Level Agreement (SLA). However, there are still some problems happen in Pusdatin in order that ITSM can actually support and align with the objectives of XYZ University. Therefore, through this paper, the authors want to explain how the implementation of ITSM at Pusdatin of XYZ University, identify the problems related to the implementation of ITSM, and provide the solutions for each problem.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 493,
"width": 252,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Information Technology Service (IT Service)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 518,
"width": 458,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Service is a means of delivering value to customers by facilitating outcomes customers want to achieve (Cartlidge et al., 2012). A simple example, customers might have a problem with their vehicles, and a garage can provide service by sending mechanic to their location.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 568,
"width": 459,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IT service is a service which is provided by the IT service provider. IT service consists of a combination of information technology, human resources, and processes. IT service generally makes a deal with the operational issues of information technology and not on the development of the technology itself. For example, the process of making computer software for sale are not the focus of IT service, but the computer system used by the marketing and business development division will become the focus of IT service (Prakoso, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 660,
"width": 304,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Information Technology Service Management (ITSM)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 684,
"width": 458,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Service management (Cartlidge et al., 2012) is a set of specialized organizational capabilities for providing value to customers in term of service, including all of the processes, methods, functions, roles, and activities that the service provider uses to deliver service to its customers. ITSM is an implementation and management of IT service to ensure that IT service is aligned with business needs and actively support the company. ITSM (Suhairi & Gaol, 2013) can be a guide to the processes of IT",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 324,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Impelementation of Information Technology… (Kornelius Irfandhi; et. al.)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "43",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 458,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "service in the organization, so that the alignment between business and IT can be realized. There are several frameworks or methodologies that can be used to implement ITSM, such as ITIL, COBIT, CMMI, ISO/IEC 20000, ISO 9000 (Cartlidge et al., 2012), Six Sigma, and TOGAF (Arraj, 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 139,
"width": 309,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 164,
"width": 461,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ITIL is a set of best practices for ITSM (Suhairi & Gaol, 2013). ITIL was published between 1989 and 1995 by Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) in UK on behalf of Central Communications and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA). CCTA is now included in Office Government Commerce (OGC). The initial version of ITIL consisted of 31 associated books covering all aspects of IT service provision. This initial version was then revised and replaced by ITIL v2 consists of 7 books more closely connected. ITIL v2 is universally accepted and used in many countries by thousands of organizations as a basis for effective IT service provision. In 2007, ITIL v2 was replaced to ITIL v3 consisting of 5 core books covering the service lifecycle (Cartlidge et al., 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 293,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ITIL v3",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 318,
"width": 458,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In 2007, OGC published ITIL version 3. This version is issued to replace the previous version. ITIL v3 is comprised of 5 core books that covers every stage of the service lifecycle (Figure 1), from the initial definition and analysis of business requirements in Service Strategy and Service Design, migrating to the operational environment within Service Transition, operation and improvement in Service Operation and Continual Service Improvement (Cartlidge et al., 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 638,
"width": 108,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 1 ITIL v3 Lifecycle (Cartlidge et al ., 2012:7)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 689,
"width": 91,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Service Strategy",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 714,
"width": 460,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Service strategy (Cartlidge et al., 2012) is the core of ITIL Service Lifecycle. Service strategy provides guidance to all IT service providers to assist them in establishing a clear service strategy, especially (Nabiollahi & Sahibuddin, 2008) on how to design, develop, and implement service",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 786,
"width": 188,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ComTech Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2016: 41-52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 459,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "management not only as an organizational capability but also as a strategic asset. The strategy used should provide sufficient value to the customer and must meet the strategic objectives of IT service providers. Therefore, it is necessary for a proper understanding for IT service providers on following questions. (1) What services should be offered? (2) To whom the services should be offered? (3) How the internal and external marketplaces for their services should be developed? (4) What are the potential competitions in the marketplaces? (5) How the customers and stakeholders will perceive and measure value, and how this value will be created? (6) How the customer will make the decision in selecting the services of various types of service providers? (7) How visibility and control over value creation will be achieved through financial management? (8) How robust business cases will be created to secure strategic investment in service assets and service management capabilities? (9) How the allocation of available resources will be arranged to provide a more optimal impact on the portfolio of services? (10) How service performance will be measured?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 262,
"width": 185,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1 ITIL v3-Service Strategy Component",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 289,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Component Function",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 300,
"width": 454,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Financial Management for IT Services Provide the quantification in financial term between business and IT to deliver the value of IT service, the underlying value of the asset, and qualification of operational forecasting. Service Portfolio Management Determineservice inventory, ensure business case, validate portfolio data, maximize portfolio value, align and prioritize, balance supply and demand, which is expected to approve portfolio and service as well as a legitimate resource, and allocating company resources. Demand Management Understand and influence customer demand for the service and provision of capacity to meet the demand.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 433,
"width": 84,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Service Design",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 457,
"width": 459,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Service design (Nabiollahi & Sahibuddin, 2008) provides the guidance to the design and development of service and service management process. Its main goals are to bring IT service and business goals in order to be able to offer IT service in accordance with business objectives and provide benefits to the business. Service design starts with a set of business requirements, and ends with the development of service solutionwhich is designed to meet the documented business needs, and provide Service Design Package (SDP) for use later in service transition stage. SDP defines all aspects of IT service and requirements through each stage in service design, and created for each new IT service, major changes, or service retirement (Cartlidge et al., 2012). Therefore, the scope of service design is not only to design new IT service, but also the improvement of service quality, continuity, or performance of service (Suhairi & Gaol, 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 609,
"width": 180,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2 ITIL v3-Service Design Component",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 636,
"width": 458,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Component Function",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 647,
"width": 453,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Service Catalogue Management Provide the consistent resources and ensure that service catalog is available to anyone who has the privilege. Service Level Management Maintain and improve the service quality, monitor, report, and review the achievement of the service. Availability Management Ensure the availability and fulfillment of IT service in accordance with the agreed SLA. Supplier Management Ensure that suppliers work on target and also in accordance with all terms and conditions. Capacity Management Ensure the capacity, performance, and availability of IT infrastructure.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 324,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Impelementation of Information Technology… (Kornelius Irfandhi; et. al.)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "45",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 85,
"width": 229,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2 ITIL v3-Service Design Component (continued)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 112,
"width": 458,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Component Function",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 123,
"width": 453,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IT Service Continuity Management Maintain continuity of daily operation to ensure that all technical requirements can be fulfilled.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 146,
"width": 440,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Information Security Management Ensure that information security is managed effectively on all services.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 187,
"width": 105,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Service Transition",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 211,
"width": 460,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The purpose of service transition is to ensure that new, changed, or retired service in accordance with the expectations or estimations that have been documented at service strategy and service design stages (Cartlidge et al., 2012). Service transition provides the guidance on how the requirements of service strategy encoded in service design are effectively realized in service operation while controlling the risks of failure and disruption (Nabiollahi & Sahibuddin, 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 287,
"width": 461,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Service transition is supported by the basic principles that facilitate the use of new or changed service effectively and efficiently (Cartlidge et al., 2012). The main principles include: (1) Understanding all services, their utilities and warranties. (2) Creating a formal policy and common framework for implementation of all the necessary changes. (3) Supporting knowledge transfer, decision support, and reuse processes, systems, and other relevant elements. (4) Anticipating and managing ‘course corrections’ by being proactive and determining their time of correction. (5) Ensuring involvement of service transition personnel and an understanding of service transition requirements.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 414,
"width": 193,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 3 ITIL v3-Service Transition Component",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 441,
"width": 505,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Component Function Knowledge Management Distribute the perspective, idea, experience, and information to ensure the service is available at the right place and time, and also improve efficiency. Change Management Ensure that any changes are recorded, documented, and evaluated regularly. Andensure that the standard method used efficiently and faster in handling all changes and their impacts. Release and Deployment Management Place all aspects of services into production and establish the use of new or changed service effectively. Service Assets and Configuration Management Provide accurate information about how to configure and control the assets, so that the assets can be available when needed. Service Validation and Service Testing Ensure and provide objective evidence that the new services or changed service to support business needs, including the agreed SLA.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 618,
"width": 104,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Service Operation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 643,
"width": 458,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Service operation aims to provide the agreed service levels to users and customers, and to manage applications, technologies and infrastructure that support the delivery of service (Cartlidge et al., 2012). Service operation provides the guidelines include how to maintain the operational stability of IT service and management of design changes, the scale, scope, and target performance of IT service (Suhairi & Gaol, 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "46",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 786,
"width": 188,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ComTech Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2016: 41-52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 85,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 4 ITIL v3-Service Operation Component",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 112,
"width": 459,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Component Function",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 123,
"width": 454,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Incident Management Restore the service to normal condition as quickly as possible when incidents happen and minimize the adverse impact on business operations. Request Fulfillment Allow user to request and receive standard services. And provide information to user and customer about the service and help to answer the complaints and comments from user. Problem Management Prevent problems and their impacts of incidents, eliminate recurring incidents and minimize the impact of incidents that cannot be prevented. Access Management Entitle the user to access the service or group of services, while preventing access from unauthorized users. Event Management Generate and detectthe notification regarding the status of IT infrastructure and IT service even when there is no event.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 276,
"width": 182,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Continual Service Improvement",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 301,
"width": 461,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Continual Service Improvement (CSI) related to maintaining the value for customers through continuous evaluation and improvement of service quality and the entire maturity of the ITSM service cycles and its underlying processes (Cartlidge et al ., 2012). Figure 2 shows the seven-step improvement process.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 212,
"top": 611,
"width": 171,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 2 Seven-Step Improvement Process (Cartlidge et a l., 2012)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 264,
"top": 663,
"width": 70,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METHODS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 700,
"width": 457,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The research methods used are the direct observation to Pusdatin XYZ University on how the current process of ITSM, conduct an interview with the Head of Pusdatin and Staff of Pusdatin to get more insight of Pusdatin, the implementation of ITSM, and its problems and also perform a literature review of books and papers that discuss about ITIL especially ITIL v3 as a basis in doing research and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 324,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Impelementation of Information Technology… (Kornelius Irfandhi; et. al.)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "47",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "to provide the solution of some problems related to ITSM that has been existing in Pusdatin. Figure 3 shows the research processes used in this paper.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 379,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 3 Research Processes",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 419,
"width": 184,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 459,
"width": 52,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pusdatin",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 484,
"width": 459,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data and Information System Center or known as Pusdatin is one of the unit established in accordance with the Decree of the Rector of XYZ University in February 2010. The establishment of Pusdatin aims to accelerate the use of information technology in supporting the vision of XYZ University.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 547,
"width": 459,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pusdatin as the IT service provider for XYZ University has a role as an implementer of development, maintenance and service of information system and network, cooperation between the central computer and information system of university and/or other corporation inside and outside the country, and central computer administration.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 611,
"width": 458,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "To carry out its role, Pusdatin is divided into five divisions. (1) System Development. This division is assigned to oversee the activity of existing systems in XYZ University. This division works from standardize of the system, perform system requirements, design, coding, and implementation of the system. In addition making the application system, this division also has a duty to handle if there are bugs against the system. (2) Operation. This field has a duty to serve the operational needs, both of the internal of Pusdatin and academicians of XYZ University. (3) Technical Support. This division acts as the frontline of Pusdatin’s service has a duty to record any incoming service requests and serve it with Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and SLA that have been defined in the service catalog of Pusdatin. (4) Security. This division monitors and strengthens the security and information in the network and data center in XYZ University. (5) Risk Management. This division aims to manage potential losses that may occur on investment, development, and utilization of IT in XYZ University.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "48",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 786,
"width": 188,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ComTech Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2016: 41-52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 461,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Infrastructures owned by Pusdatin are as follows: (1) Operating System and Software: Windows, Standard Office Software, Development Software (Eclipse, Netbeans, etc.), Database Processing Software. (2) Network Infrastructure: Physical, Protocols (TCP/IP, IPX, SNA, DECnet, NetBEUI), TCP/IP Management (WINS, DNS, DDNS, DHCP, Host/LMhost files), Load Balancing. (3) Data Center and Environmental Infrastructure: Site Physical Security (Site Selection, Air Conditioning, Electrical, etc.), Risk Management (Back Up Site).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 177,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IT Service in Pusdatin",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 202,
"width": 460,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pusdatin has implemented ITSM within its business processes by using ITIL v3 as a framework since 2013. Based on the interview which was conducted with Staff of Pusdatin, ITSM is not 100% implemented in all areas. There are areas that are not 100% implemented (partially implemented) and still improved continually in order to achieve the expected results. In addition, there is one unnecessary area to implement ITSM, namely supplier management. The implementation of ITSM by using ITIL v3 can be seen in Table 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 303,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 5 ITIL v3Componentin Pusdatin",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 334,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Category Process",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 328,
"width": 452,
"height": 307,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Name Implemented Partially Implemented Not Implemented Service Strategy Financial Management for IT Services √ Service Portofolio Management √ Demand Management √ Service Design Service Catalogue Management √ Service Level Management √ Availability Management √ Information Security Management √ Supplier Management √ Capacity Management √ IT Service Continuity Management √ Service Transition Knowledge Management √ Change Management √ Service Validation and Service Testing √ Service Asset and Configuration Management √ Release and Deployment Management √ Service Operation Event Management √ Incident Management √ Request Fulfillment √ Problem Management √ Access Management √ Continual Service Improvement The 7 Step Improvement Process √",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 661,
"width": 458,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The process of IT service which is applied by Pusdatin currently can be seen in Figure 4. When there are service requests, the first request or problem has to be delivered prior to the service desk. If the problem can be immediately solved, the problem is finished. However, if it cannot be handled by the service desk, it will be forwarded to the operation division. The issue requires a change so Pusdatin have to check its service portfolio and asset to decide whether the request can be realized.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 324,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Impelementation of Information Technology… (Kornelius Irfandhi; et. al.)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "49",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 219,
"top": 286,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4 IT Service Process in Pusdatin",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 323,
"width": 459,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "List of IT services which are provided by Pusdatin are: (1) Software Installation and Repair: this service provides the installation and repair of operating system and supporting office software on computers and notebooks in the work unit of XYZ University. (2) Hardware Problem Checking: this service provides the hardware troubleshooting on computers and notebooks in the work unit of XYZ University. (3) Network Printer Support: this service provides the installation, problem checking, and activation of the network (sharing) of the printer in the unit work in XYZ University. (4) System Support: this service provides the support for use of application system that Pusdatin given to the academic community in XYZ University. (5) Website Support: this service provides the support and maintenance of websites to the academic community in XYZ University. (6) Data: this service provides the data requests and related information to the academic community in XYZ University and related external party. (7) Email: this service provides the email which is given to the academic community in XYZ University. (8) Training: this service provides the training related to Pusdatin’s product which is given to the academic community in XYZ University.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 503,
"width": 135,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Problems and Solutions",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 528,
"width": 458,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "As discussed earlier, Pusdatin has implemented ITSM within its business processes. But along the way there are still some problems happen in Pusdatin in order that ITSM can actually support and align with the objectives of XYZ University. The problems encountered include: first, lack of ability to align the relationship between incident and problem. This problem can be overcome by: (1) Record in detail all incidents, its causes, how to handle them, and their success rate. (2) Have a tool that can mapping the incident and problem management using fishbone diagram (Figure 5), so that the cause of incident can be grouped into several major categories to identify the various sources. Pusdatin is expected can identify the source of problems easier, and can take appropriate action so that no further occurrence of similar incidents in the future. (3) Good work relationship and communication between staff at all levels. (4) Ensure that business impact is well understood by all staffs who solve the problems.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "50",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 786,
"width": 188,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ComTech Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2016: 41-52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 219,
"top": 263,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 5 Fishbone Diagram Illustration",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 274,
"width": 449,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ishikawa_Fishbone_Diagram.svg/280px- Ishikawa_Fishbone_Diagram.svg.png)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 322,
"width": 458,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Second, client difficult to know the current progress of the incident is being faced and how far the incident was handled. The solution of this problem Pusdatin can follow Sony’s ITSM in terms of incident handling process reporting periodically from staffs and inform it to customers via SMS or email. Third, Event detection is performed in general terms. Events handling are usually performed in a simple way and done at the issue time only. Pusdatin can create an application that can predict the upcoming events and can take early preventive action before the problem happens.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 411,
"width": 459,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fourth, downtime has often happened because the high demand for server services that are not comparable with the server specifications. It is recommended to improve the specification of the server, and to consider the upcoming trends. Pusdatin may consider Internet Service Provider (ISP) hired to speed up internet access as much as possible and in accordance with the SLA offered by the ISP.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 487,
"width": 461,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fifth, in the case of Access Management, Pusdatin has set the privilege of each user in accordance with the roles and needs of the user. However, the user status updates still need to be monitored to ensure that users who have privilege are an active user who are registered as a student or staff in XYZ University. The awareness of the importance of maintaining the confidentiality of the access to the system is very important to be understood by any users, with a notification to change the password periodically and do not propagate their password and username to others. Sixth, lack of evaluation schedule, this causes mismatches between the operational documents with current conditions at that time. Therefore, Pusdatin has to perform an evaluation at a particular time and make changes to the operational document in accordance with the latest conditions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 629,
"width": 99,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 666,
"width": 457,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IT Service Management (ITSM) is an implementation and management of IT service to ensure that IT service is aligned with business needs and actively support organization/company. ITSM is not only related to the availability of the IT infrastructure, but also related to the use of the infrastructure so the quality of IT service becomes more efficient and effective.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 729,
"width": 458,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "XYZ University is an institution of education and research in Jakarta, which consists of 11 faculties and 8 graduate schools, with an estimated 25.000 students, 1.200 staffs, and 3.000 lecturers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 324,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Impelementation of Information Technology… (Kornelius Irfandhi; et. al.)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "51",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 460,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data and Information System Center or known as Pusdatin is one of the unit established in accordance with the Decree of the Rector of XYZ University in February 2010. Looking at this increasing dynamics of XYZ University, then Data and Information System Center (Pusdatin) of XYZ University is expected to deliver reliable IT service in order to improve the service quality to users by implementing ITSM since 2013. There are many frameworks that can be used to implement ITSM, such as Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 174,
"width": 460,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pusdatin has implemented ITSM within its business processes by using ITIL v3 as a framework. ITSM is not 100% implemented in all areas. There are any areas that are partially implemented and still improvement continually. Along the way there are still some problems happen in Pusdatin in order that ITSM can actually support and align with the objectives of XYZ University. The problems encountered include: (1) lack of ability to align the relationship between incident and problem; (2) it is difficult for client to know the current progress of the incident is being faced and how far the incident was handled; (3) event detection is performed in general terms; (4) downtime often happened because the high demand for server services that are not comparable with the server specifications; (5) Pusdatin has set the privilege of each user in accordance with the roles and needs of the user, however the user status updates still need to be monitored to ensure that users who have privilege are an active user who are registered as a student or staff; and (6) lack of evaluation schedule, causes mismatch between the operational document with current conditions at that time.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 254,
"top": 354,
"width": 91,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 391,
"width": 458,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Arraj, V. (2013). ITIL®: the Basics (White paper). London: The APM Group and the Stationery Office.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 429,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cartlidge, A., Rudd, C., Smith, M., Wigzel, P., Rance, S., Shaw, S., & Wright, T. (2012). An Introductory Overview of ITIL® 2011 . London: The Stationery Office.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 467,
"width": 458,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cervone, F. (2008). ITIL: A Framework for Managing Digital Library Services. OCLC Systems & Services: International Digital Library Perspectives, 24 (2), 87-90.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 505,
"width": 564,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hyde, S. (2009). UCISA ITIL Case Study on the University of Nottingham (Case study). Retrieved May 13, 2015 from https://www.ucisa.ac.uk/~/media/Files/members/activities/ITIL/ITIL_Case%20study_Nottin gham%20pdf.ashx",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 568,
"width": 464,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Iden, J., & Eikebrokk, T. R. (2011). Understanding the ITIL Implementation Project: Conceptualization and Measurements. 2011 22nd International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (pp. 21-25). Toulouse: IEEE.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 619,
"width": 458,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "McNaughton, B., Ray, P., & Lewis, L. (2010). Designing an Evaluation Framework for IT Service Management. Information & Management, 47 (4), 219-225.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 656,
"width": 457,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nabiollahi, A., & Sahibuddin, S. (2008). Considering Service Strategy in ITIL V3 as a Framework for IT Governance. 2008 International Symposium on Information Technology (pp. 1-6). Kuala Lumpur: IEEE.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 705,
"width": 564,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "O’Byrne, Y. (2009). UCISA ITIL Case Study on the University of Birmingham (Case study). Retrieved May 13, 2015 from https://www.ucisa.ac.uk/~/media/Files/members/activities/ITIL/ITIL_Case%20study_Birmin gham%20pdf.ashx",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 788,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 786,
"width": 188,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ComTech Vol. 7 No. 1 March 2016: 41-52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 460,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pollard, C., & Cater-Steel, A. (2009). Justifications, Strategies and Critical Success Factors in Successful ITIL Implementations in U.S. and Australian Companies: an Exploratory Study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 111,
"width": 227,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Information Systems Management, 26 (2), 164-175.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 136,
"width": 458,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prakoso, A. S. (2014). Pengembangan Aplikasi Web (Masters’s thesis, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia). Retrieved from http://library.binus.ac.id/eColls/eThesisdoc/Bab2/TSA- 2014-0128%202.pdf",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 187,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suhairi, K., & Gaol, F. L. (2013). The Measurement of Optimization Performance of Managed Service Division with ITIL Framework using Statistical Process Control. Journal of Networks, 8 (3),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 212,
"width": 42,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "518-529.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
f136e57d-28a3-ae88-d3ef-82271fd5ffb6 | https://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/bpj/article/download/417/327 | [
{
"left": 99,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business Perspective Journal Available at: http://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/bpj/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 46,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 1. No. 1 edisi Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 815,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 448,
"top": 808,
"width": 6,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 74,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALISIS STRATEGI PELUANG USAHA FASHION WANITA PADA TOKO AII COLECTION DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 111,
"width": 427,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strategy Analysis of Women's Fashion Business Opportunity at Aii Colection Shop in Bandar Lampung City",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 171,
"width": 196,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suhartina 1 , Riska Gita Utami 2 , Soewito 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 187,
"width": 394,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Program Studi Administrasi Bisnis, FISIP, Universitas Tulang Bawang Lampung [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 248,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 270,
"width": 428,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aii Collection is a fashion store in the clothing business that focuses on fulfilling the needs of women, located on Jln. Pangeran Antasari, Number 8B, Bandar Lampung City. This study analyzes the strategies that can be carried out in order to increase women's fashion business opportunities at the Aii Collection store. The purpose of this research is to find out what strategies can be done to increase sustainable business opportunities at the Aii Colection store by using qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques are field research and interviews, which clearly describe how these factors are interrelated in the Aii Collection effort by analyzing using SWOT analysis and IFE EFE matrix tools. From the research results, SWOT matrix analysis and SWOT cartesius diagram shows that the Aii collection effort is in quadrant I, with values (1.92 and 1.55). Where is a situation that will benefit and it is known that the company is still a developing company. The best strategy that can be applied to the Aii Collection business is the aggressive strategy or the Growth Oriented Strategy.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 432,
"width": 273,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: IFE EFE, strategy, business opportunities, SWOT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 458,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 482,
"width": 428,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aii Colection merupakan salah satu toko fashion dibidang usaha pakaian yang berfokus pada pemenuhan kebutuhan wanita yang terletak di Jln. Pangeran Antasari, Nomor 8B, Kota Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang Bagaimana strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangka meningkatkan peluang usaha fashion wanita pada toko Aii Colection. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui strategi apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk menambah peluang usaha yang berkelanjutan pada toko Aii Colection dengan metode penelitian secara kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan penelitian lapangan dan Interview , yang menggambarkan secara jelas tentang bagaimana faktor-faktor tersebut saling berkaitan pada usaha Aii Colection dengan dilakukan analisis menggunakan analisis SWOT dan alat bantu matrik IFE EFE. Dari hasil penelitian analisis matrik SWOT dan diagram cartesius SWOT menunjukan bahwa usaha Aii Colection berada dikuadran I, dengan nilai (1,92 dan 1,55). Dimana merupakan keadaan yang akan menguntungkan dan diketahui perusahaan masih termasuk perusahaan berkembang. Strategi terbaik yang dapat diaplikasikan pada usaha Aii Colection ini adalah strategi agresif atau Growth Oriented Strategy .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 696,
"width": 262,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: IFE EFE, strategi, peluang usaha, SWOT",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business Perspective Journal Available at: http://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/bpj/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 46,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 1. No. 1 edisi Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 815,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 448,
"top": 808,
"width": 6,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 74,
"width": 82,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pendahuluan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 100,
"width": 198,
"height": 411,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bisnis dibidang fashion adalah usaha yang sudah lama dijalankan mulai dari pedesaan sampai ibukota, dalam usaha fashion persaingan pun semakin ketat, para pelaku usaha di tuntut untuk meningkatkan penjualan dan menambah peluang usaha agar dapat terus memenangkan hati konsumen demi kelangsungan perusahaan. Untuk menemukan peluang usaha fashion maka dibutuhkan sebuah analisa tentang bagaimana peluang-peluang yang ada, yang nantinya akan menggambarkan tentang bagaimana faktor-faktor yang saling berkaitan pada usaha Aii Colection. Aii Colection merupakan salah satu toko fashion dibidang usaha pakaian yang berfokus pada pemenuhan kebutuhan wanita. Aii Colection memulai usahanya pada pertengahan tahun 2016. Produk yang dijual di Aii Colection meliputi berbagai macam model dan motif yang beraneka ragam, Beberapa produk yang dijual di toko Aii colection yaitu meliputi aneka jenis pakaian (berupa one set, tunik, dress, celana) tas, dan hijab. Menurut (Barusman et al., n.d.) pemilik usaha dituntut mampu mengembangkan suatu metode guna menciptakan strategi usaha",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 74,
"width": 198,
"height": 425,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "agar konsumen mendapatkan nilai lebih dari suatu barang atau merek produk, dan mampu mempertahankan kualitas produk. Selain itu, banyaknya pesaing yang sudah lama bergerak di bidang yang sama membuat usaha ini mengalami turun naik dalam hal penjualannya, untuk itulah diperlukan sebuah strategi agar menambah peluang usaha yag ada agar tetap berjalan mengikuti trend saat ini. Strategi yang harus dilakukan pelaku bisnis selama ini dalam meningkatkan peluang usaha yaitu dengan memberikan pelayanan yang baik, lokasi yang dapat dijangkau, keterjangkauan harga, kebersihan dan kenyamanan sehingga untuk meningkatkan penjualan serta peluang usaha yang ada dan ditambah dengan dilakukannya promosi. Promosi perlu dilakukan untuk memperkenalkan suatu produk. Menurut (Dunan et al., n.d.) Tujuan dari promosi guna menciptakan kesadaran, meningkatkan minat, menambah penjualan, serta menumbuhkan loyalitas merek suatu produk. Sehingga untuk meningkatkan penjualan serta peluang usaha yang ada maka dapat dilakukan dengan strategi pemasaran. Pada Tabel 1 menunjukan data penjualan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 518,
"width": 419,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Data penjualan Produk toko Aii Colection Periode Januari – September",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 531,
"width": 297,
"height": 222,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2020. No Bulan Jumlah 1. Januari Rp. 607.747.000 2. Februari Rp. 638.342.790 3. Maret Rp. 688.306.342 4. April Rp. 552.279.786 5. Mei Rp. 1.045.698.519 6. Juni Rp. 505.732.213 7. Juli Rp. 762.397.951 8. Agustus Rp. 855.055.053 9. September Rp. 710.622.736 Total Rp. 6.366.182.390 Sumber : Aii Colection",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business Perspective Journal Available at: http://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/bpj/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 46,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 1. No. 1 edisi Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 815,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 448,
"top": 808,
"width": 6,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 76,
"width": 198,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Tabel 1. diatas, menunjukan bahwa usaha Aii Colection saat ini sedang tidak stabil dan mengalami naik turunnya penjualan. Dalam hal ini untuk meningkatkan penjualan dan peluang usaha diperlukan strategi yang tepat, agar usaha Aii Colection dapat Stabil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 183,
"width": 109,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Tinjauan Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 206,
"width": 198,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Redaputri & Barusman, 2018) berpendapat bahwa “Strategi merupakan suatu tindakan oleh seseorang atau suatu perusahaan dalam pencapaian suatu tujuan yang telah di tentukan”. Pendapat (Rahayu & Retnani, 2016) strategi diartikan suatu cara dalam mencapai suatu target karna didalam sebuah manajemen strategi merupakan suatu kebutuhan untuk perusahaan dalam mencapai target suatu perusahaan. Pokok strategi manajemen ialah menemukan tujuan dari organisasi, dan sumber daya yang ada dipakai secara efektif guna memenuhi target dalam strategi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 413,
"width": 198,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Yunus, 2016) berpendapat bahwa “manajemen strategi ialah mampu memberikan dasar dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 455,
"width": 198,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pengambilan keputusan organisasi”.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 492,
"width": 198,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Yohana, 2015) peluang usaha merupakan tempat keperluan pembeli, dimana pelaku usaha bisa mengelola usaha tersebut guna mendapatkan keuntunganan. Menurut (Aprilianty,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 561,
"width": 198,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2013) Wirausahawan merupakan seseorang yang dapat mengembangkan produk baru, ide baru dengan konsep baru.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 629,
"width": 198,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Tambunan, 2020) berpendapat bahwa",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 640,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“SWOT ialah memberikan pemahaman bagaimana perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 268,
"top": 656,
"width": 29,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "harus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 670,
"width": 198,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menyesuaikan bermacam kegiatan internalnya dengan keadaan eksternalnya secara urutan dalam mencapai target yang diharapkan”. Menurut (Oetomo, 2012) analisis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 739,
"width": 198,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SWOT ialah rencana strategis dengan mengunakan faktor-faktor internal dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 74,
"width": 198,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "eksternal sehingga nantinya akan memberikan cara sederhana dalam menerapkan strategi. matriks Swot bisa menghasilkan 4 (empat) set kemungkinan alternatif stratetegis (Ramadhan & Sofiyah, n.d.). matriks",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 157,
"width": 198,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SWOT ialah yang artinya Strenght (kekuatan), Weakness (kelemahan), Opportunities (peluang), Threats",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 198,
"width": 198,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(hambatan), pengertiannya adalah suatu alat bantu yang dipakai dalam merangkai faktor-faktor strategi di perusahaan serta menggambarkan bagaimana peluang opportunity dan threats dapat dilakukan perusahaan sehingga bisa disesuaikan dengan strenght dan weakness yang dimiliki.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 318,
"width": 136,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Metodologi Penelitian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 342,
"width": 198,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini, teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan cara:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 380,
"width": 198,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Penelitian kepustakaan, penelitian ini diterapkan untuk mempelajari teori, konsep-konsep yang didapat dari berbagai media, seperti buku bacaan, literature, karya tulis, dan mengumpulkan data serta informasi dari berbagai media yang sah. Sebagai dasar teori dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 504,
"width": 198,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Penelitian lapangan, Merupakan teknik pengumpulkan data atau informasi dengan melakukan pengamatan secara langsung pada objek penelitian dengan cara: a. Observasi mengumpulan data atau informasi secara langsung ke Toko Aii Colection. b. Interview Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara mengajukan pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan strategi peluang usaha kepada pemilik toko dan pada konsumen Aii colection.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 739,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Dokumentasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business Perspective Journal Available at: http://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/bpj/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 46,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 1. No. 1 edisi Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 815,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 448,
"top": 808,
"width": 6,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 74,
"width": 162,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan dokumen tertulis (hasil penelitian, laporan tertulis, buku literatur, majalah, jurnal, dan sebagainya) sebagai sumber data penelitian dengan cara melakukan pengelompokan atau klasifikasi data yang berhubungan dengan masalah penelitian.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 236,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Analisis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 259,
"width": 198,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode analisis kualitatif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 287,
"width": 202,
"height": 287,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendekatan kualitatif menekankan proses atau sifat realita yang berarti tidak diteliti dengan begitu ketat atau terukur, tetapi dilihat dari quality , banyaknya, serta intensitas. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif ini ingin memperoleh gambaran mendalam mengenai objek yang akan diteliti dengan berpedoman pada pendekatan teoritis. Dan penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis yaitu dengan analisis SWOT serta matrik IFE dan EFE. Menurut (Kunci & Rangkuti, 2004) Metode analisis SWOT yaitu untuk menemukan faktor internal dan eksternal, yang meliputi upaya-upaya dari faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal sehingga dapat mengetahui kinerja perusahaan. Informasi data eksternal dan internal dapat diperoleh dari berbagai sumber.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 74,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Hasil Dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 98,
"width": 198,
"height": 439,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini, faktor-faktor masalah dari eksternal dan internal di identifikasi untuk mengetahui yang menjadi faktor kekuatan dan kelemahan. Setelah faktor faktor tersebut dalam usaha Aii Colection diketahui, selanjutnya dapat ditata ke dalam tabel matrik IFE dan EFE. Penyusunan matrik IFE yaitu untuk menentukan faktor internal yang merupakan kekuatan dan kelemahan, Sedangkan matriks EFE guna menentukan faktor dari eksternal yang merupakan peluang dan ancaman pada usaha Aii Colection. Selanjutnya tiap- tiap faktor diberi bobot dengan skala mulai dari 0,0 (Tidak penting) sampai 1,0 (Sangat penting) yang mana semua bobot tersebut tidak melebihi skor keseluruhan 1,00. Faktor faktor tersebut kemungkinan memiliki dampak pada usaha Aii Colection, Setelah tiap-tiap faktor diberi bobot, langkah berikutnya adalah menghitung rating dari tiap-tiap faktor dengan diberi skala mulai dari 1 (dibawah rata-rata) hingga dengan 4 (sangat baik). Sehingga sesudah melakukan pembobotan dan rating tiap- tiap faktor, selanjutnya adalah mengalikan bobot tiap tiap faktor dengan rating tiap-tiap faktor untuk mendapatkan nilai skor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business Perspective Journal Available at: http://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/bpj/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 46,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 1. No. 1 edisi Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 815,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 448,
"top": 808,
"width": 6,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 74,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Identifikasi SWOT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 353,
"width": 132,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Hasil wawancara.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 377,
"width": 304,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Perhitungan faktor IFE (Internal Faktor Evaluasi)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 758,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Data diolah 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business Perspective Journal Available at: http://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/bpj/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 46,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 1. No. 1 edisi Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 815,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 448,
"top": 808,
"width": 6,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 74,
"width": 193,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari perhitungan Tabel 3. IFE (internal Factor Evaluasi) diatas, maka dapat dilihat faktor strenght memiliki nilai",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 74,
"width": 194,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "skor 2,44 sementara weaknes s memiliki nilai skor 0,52.sedangkan untuk nilai skor keseluruhan diperoleh 2,96.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 120,
"width": 315,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Perhitungan faktor EFE (Eksternal Faktor Evaluasi)",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 499,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Data diolah 2021",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 523,
"width": 198,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan Tabel 4.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 536,
"width": 198,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Eksternal factor Evaluasi (EFE), diketahui faktor peluang memiliki total nilai skor 2,22 dan ancaman memiliki nilai skor 0,67 sehingga total nilai skor keseluruhan dari faktor ekternal 2.89.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 619,
"width": 198,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari Tabel diatas sehingga diketahui bahwa Faktor internal yang dimiliki oleh usaha Aii Colection lebih besar dari kelemahannya. Dimana kekuatan memiliki skor 2,44 sedangkan kelemahannya memiliki nilai skor 0,52 sedangkan faktor eksternal (peluang) yang dimiliki oleh usaha Aii Colection",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 523,
"width": 198,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "lebih besar 2,22 dari faktor ancaman nya dengan skor 0.67. Dari perhitungan dapat diperoleh formula strategi pemasaran yang selaras dengan Diagram cartesius analisis SWOT.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 602,
"width": 198,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diagram cartesius anallisis SWOT merupakan tahap analisis berikutnya setelah tabel IFE, EFE, setelah diketahui nilai strenght dan weakness maka dengan itu memiliki selisih 1,92 dan nilai peluang diatas threat memiliki selisih 1,55 . Dari identifikasi faktor- faktor tersebut maka dapat kita dilihat diagram cartesius pada gambar 1 dibawah ini adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business Perspective Journal Available at: http://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/bpj/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 46,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 1. No. 1 edisi Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 815,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 448,
"top": 808,
"width": 6,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 74,
"width": 236,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Diagram Cartesius Analisis SWOT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 342,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Hasil perhitungan penulis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 366,
"width": 198,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel diatas diketahui diagram cartesius analisis SWOT usaha Aii Colection berada pada dikuadran I, dengan nilai (1,92 dan 1,55). dimana kuadran I ialah keadaan yang akan menguntungkan dan menunjukkan usaha Aii Colection masih dalam perusahaan yang berkembang dan mampu mendapatkan keuntungan dari",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 366,
"width": 198,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "peluang eksternal. Strategi yang dapat digunakan dalam keadaan ini adalah agresif ( Growth Oriented Strategy ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 419,
"width": 196,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis matrik kombinasi SWOT dapat dilihat pada Tabel 5 sebagai berikut ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 116,
"width": 391,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(+)1,55 (+)1,92 Opportunity (+2,22) Strenght (+2,44) Threat (- 0,67) Weakness (-0,52) II . Stabilitas III . Defence I. Growth IV . Diversifikasi",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business Perspective Journal Available at: http://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/bpj/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 46,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 1. No. 1 edisi Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 815,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 448,
"top": 808,
"width": 6,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 74,
"width": 254,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Matriks Kombinasi SWOT Aii Colection",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 99,
"width": 124,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faktor External Faktor Internal",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 109,
"width": 92,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STRENGHTS (Kekuatan)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 127,
"width": 138,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Kualitas Produk menggunakan Bahan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 136,
"width": 131,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Premium 2. Menjual produk dengan harga yang terjangkau. 3. Memberikan konsumen berupa diskon atau potongan harga. 4. Lokasi perusahaan mudah dijankau karena sudah berada ditengah kota dam pusat keramaian 5. Sikap karyawan yang ramah dan solutif kepada konsumen.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 406,
"top": 109,
"width": 94,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "WEAKNESS (Kelemahan)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 376,
"top": 127,
"width": 125,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Sulitnya menentukan produk baru",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 376,
"top": 136,
"width": 139,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Banyaknya permintaan dari konsumen yang tidak terpenuhi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 376,
"top": 154,
"width": 143,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Konten yang Kurang menarik 4. Kurangnya SDM dari karyawan 5. Sering terjadi perbedaan pendapat abtar karyawan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 238,
"width": 96,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "OPPORTUNITY (Peluang)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 256,
"width": 113,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Perusahaan bisa memiliki peluang untuk meningkatkan penjualan dengan mmeperluas pemasaran 2. Daya beli meningkat karena",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 302,
"width": 101,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "jumlah konsumen yang datang terus meningkat sehingga akan membuka peluang pangsa konsumen",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 339,
"width": 101,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Kemajuan teknologi dapat memberikan dampak yang menguntungkan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 238,
"width": 57,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STRATEGI-SO",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 256,
"width": 86,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Strenghts-Opportunity)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 262,
"top": 275,
"width": 85,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Gunakan kekuatan untuk memanfaatkan peluang)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 302,
"width": 132,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kualitas produk serta pelayanan perusahaan dengan teknologi yang canggih dan modern 2. Menambah varian produk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 357,
"width": 133,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Mengevaluasi harga dan memberikan diskon secara berkala.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 423,
"top": 238,
"width": 60,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STRATEGI-WO",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 256,
"width": 82,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Weakness-Opportunity",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 380,
"top": 275,
"width": 137,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gunakan kelemahan untuk memanfaatkan peluang).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 380,
"top": 302,
"width": 139,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Memperluas usaha dengan membuka cabang usaha baru. 2. Meningkatkan kualitas produk agar lebih unggul dari produk bersama seluruh pekerja. 3. Melakukan promosi secara kontinyu untuk menarik minat konsumen.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 386,
"width": 76,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "THREAT (Ancaman)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 404,
"width": 105,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Persaingan antara kualitas produk dari model, maupun bentuk yang serupa",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 431,
"width": 96,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Tidak memperluas usaha",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 441,
"width": 123,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Banyaknya pendatang usaha baru yang bermunculan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 386,
"width": 56,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STRATEGI-ST",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 404,
"width": 102,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Menggunakan kekuatan untuk menghindari ancaman)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 386,
"width": 275,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Dengan adanya harga yang tepat dan lokasi yang strategi dapat dilakukan peningkatan promosi untuk menarik konsumen atau pelanggan STRATEGI-WT (Gunakan kelemahan untuk menghindari ancaman)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 380,
"top": 431,
"width": 145,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pemilik usaha harus mengevaluasi secara menyeluruh terkait produk yang akan dipasarkan, baik dari penyediaan produk, kualitas produk, yang tentunya lebih baik dari pesaing. 2. Menambah varian produk dan meningkatkan kualitas produk agar konsumen tertarik dengan poduk yang dijual.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 516,
"width": 132,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Data diolah 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business Perspective Journal Available at: http://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/bpj/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 46,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 1. No. 1 edisi Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 815,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 448,
"top": 808,
"width": 6,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 74,
"width": 141,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Kesimpulan Dan Saran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 98,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 121,
"width": 198,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil analisis penelitian dan pada pembahasan ini, Aii colection berada pada kuadran I yaitu berada pada strategi Growth , maka kesimpulanya adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 190,
"width": 198,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Aii Colection dapat mengembangkan kualitas produknya dengan cara meningkatkan kualitas bahan yang akan dipasarkan supaya konsumen lebih tertarik terhadap produk yang dijual oleh Aii Colection, dan memanfaatkan promosi melalui komunikasi pesan- pesan yang telah dibuat untuk memperdalam kamunikasi dengan konsumen, untuk menciptakan keterkaitan yang baik dan menciptakan promosi menjadi lebih menarik dalam meningkatan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 384,
"width": 53,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penjualan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 397,
"width": 198,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Strategi keunggulan Biaya. Dalam melaksanakan strategi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 425,
"width": 180,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "keunggulan Biaya, Aii Colection memungkinkan agar menekan jumlah biaya dengan cara:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 466,
"width": 180,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penentuan harga pokok yang tepat dapat mengontrol biaya pengeluaran dan biaya pemasukan perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 508,
"width": 180,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perusahan juga mampu untuk merancang, membuat serta mempromosikan produk yang setara dengan cara yang lebih efisien dari pada perusahaan pesaingnya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 577,
"width": 198,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Strategi diferensiasi. Dalam melakukan strategi deferensiasi, Aii Colection melakukan penambahan varian produk baru, baik dari segi model maupun bentuk model.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 98,
"width": 34,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 121,
"width": 198,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam menerapkan strategi-strategi tersebut sebaiknya, Aii Colection memperhatikan beberapa hal, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 173,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Dalam meningkatkan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 187,
"width": 180,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pengembangan usaha Aii Colection, hal yang harus di perhatikan adalah dengan mempertahankan kualitas produk, menurunkan harga, serta memberikan potongan harga kepada konsumen apabila disetiap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 270,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelian produk yang banyak.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 283,
"width": 198,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Aii Colection sebaiknya melakukan perbaikan pada strategi yang belakanngan ini dilakukan agar tidak tersaingi dengan adanya pesaing baru yang bermunculan. Perbaikan tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, yaitu dengan melakukan perubahan penetapan dari strategi harga, kualitas produk, dan mengoptimalkan strategi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 421,
"width": 179,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "promosi untuk menciptakan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 435,
"width": 179,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "loyalitas konsumen. Dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 449,
"width": 180,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menentukan harga, Aii Colection disarankan untuk mengkaji lebih mendalam terkait perhitungan- perhitungan penentuan harga guna mendapatkan hasil keputusan yang tepat, sehingga dapat menekankan kelebihan biaya pengeluaran perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 559,
"width": 198,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Dalam penambahan varian produk sebaiknya untuk menjual produk yang tidak dimiliki oleh pesaing, hal ini dimaksudkan supaya perusahaan Aii Colection memiliki pembeda dengan pesaing, yang tentunya akan lebih menarik minat konsumen.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 36,
"width": 210,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business Perspective Journal Available at: http://jurnal.utb.ac.id/index.php/bpj/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 46,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 1. No. 1 edisi Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 815,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lisensi Internasional Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 448,
"top": 808,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 74,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 102,
"width": 198,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aprilianty, E. (2013). Pengaruh kepribadian wirausaha, pengetahuan kewirausahaan, dan lingkungan terhadap minat berwirausaha siswa SMK. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi , 2 (3), 311–324. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v2i3.1 039",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 226,
"width": 198,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Barusman, M. Y. S., Salam, T. V., &",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 240,
"width": 175,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Redaputri, A. P. (n.d.). Analisis Strategi Bisnis Marley ’ s Cafe Coffee and Resto Bandar Lampung . 26 .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 309,
"width": 198,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dunan, H., Antoni, M. R., Jayasinga, H. I., & Redaputri, A. P. (n.d.).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 336,
"width": 174,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penjualan “ Waleu ” Kaos Lampung di Bandar Lampung Sumber : Asosiasi Pengusaha Oleh-Oleh Provinsi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 405,
"width": 100,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lampung . 167–185.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 433,
"width": 198,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kunci, K., & Rangkuti, F. (2004). Zuhrotun Nisak .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 474,
"width": 198,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oetomo, Hening Widi;Ardini, L. (2012). Swot Analysis in Strategic Management : a Case Study At",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 516,
"width": 174,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Purabaya Bus Station Analisis Swot Dalam Manajemen Strategis :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 543,
"width": 174,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi Kasus Pada Terminal Bus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 557,
"width": 174,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Purabaya. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 584,
"width": 137,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ventura , 15 (110), 171–186.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 612,
"width": 198,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahayu, D. T., & Retnani, E. D. (2016). Penerapan Analisis Swot Dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 640,
"width": 174,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perumusan Strategi Bersaing Pada Eddy Jaya Photo Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia (STIESIA) Surabaya. Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi , 5 (2). https://ejournal.stiesia.ac.id/jira/arti cle/viewFile/1638/1599",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 750,
"width": 198,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramadhan, A., & Sofiyah, F. R. (n.d.).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 74,
"width": 174,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis SWOT sebagai landasan dalam menentukan strategi pemasaran ( studi McDonald ’ s Ring Road ) This research aims to identify and analyze the ma rketing strategy of McDoanald ’ s Ring Road by using the SWOT analysis consisting of Strength , Weakness .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 198,
"width": 198,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Redaputri, A. P., & Barusman, M. Y. S. (2018). Strategi Pembangunan Perekonomian Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia , 18 (2), 86. https://doi.org/10.25124/jmi.v18i2.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 281,
"width": 27,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1340",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 309,
"width": 198,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tambunan, T. S. (2020). SWOT Analysis for Tourism Development Strategy of Samosir Regency. TIJAB (The International Journal of Applied Business) , 4 (2), 90. https://doi.org/10.20473/tijab.v4.i2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 391,
"width": 67,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".2020.90-105",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 419,
"width": 198,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yohana, C. (2015). Pelatihan Motivasi Kewirausahaan Dan Menganalisis Peluang Usaha, Membuat Rencana Bisnis Bagi Tenaga Kerja Wanita (Tkw) Purna Di Desa Cibalong Kecamatan Gunung Guruh,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 502,
"width": 174,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sukabumi-Jawa Barat. Sarwahita , 13 (02). https://doi.org/10.21009/sarwahita. 132.03",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 571,
"width": 197,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yunus, E. (2016). Buku Manejemen Strategi .",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
3e6bf985-c72a-60d5-9191-65a5640d666e | https://journal.isi.ac.id/index.php/JTKS/article/download/9810/3493 | [
{
"left": 95,
"top": 777,
"width": 150,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Article History: Revised: 14 November 2023 Accepted: 17 November 2023 Publish: 04 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 497,
"top": 791,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "139",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 86,
"width": 130,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 43,
"width": 114,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL TATA KELOLA SENI",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 54,
"width": 119,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 9 Nomor 2, Desember 2023 Hlm. 139 – 152",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 190,
"top": 117,
"width": 248,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kajian Implementasi Studi Kasus pada Desain Produksi Artistik Film",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 187,
"width": 377,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salsa Solli Nafsika 1 , Zakarias Sukarya Soeteja 2 , dan Hery Supiarza 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 201,
"width": 292,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,3 Program Studi Film dan Televisi, Fakultas Pendidikan Seni dan Desain, Universitas Pendidikan Seni dan Desain",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 227,
"width": 333,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Departemen Pendidikan Seni Rupa, Fakultas Pendidikan Seni dan Desain, Universitas Pendidikan Seni dan Desain E-mail: [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 311,
"width": 51,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 335,
"width": 336,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel ini membahas tentang cara kerja studi kasus dari mulai Desain-Uji-Strategi; klarifikasi kasus; Pencarian Data; Analisis Data; Laporan dalam Desain Produksi Artistik Film. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur untuk menjawab tantangan bagi sineas muda dalam mewujudkan Kedalaman riset desain produksi film. Hal ini sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa semua elemen produksi film dapat menggambarkan visi artistik yang diinginkan oleh sutradara dan produser.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 415,
"width": 221,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : desain produksi, artistik, film, studi kasus",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 474,
"width": 231,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Case Study Strategy in Production Design Artistic Film",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 497,
"width": 54,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 520,
"width": 336,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This article discusses how case studies work from Design-Test-Strategy; case clarification; Data search; Data analysis; Reports in Film Artistic Production Design. This research method uses literature studies to answer challenges for young filmmakers in realizing the depth of film production design research. This is very important to ensure that all elements of the film production can reflect the artistic vision desired by the director and producer.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 600,
"width": 221,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: production design, artistik, film, case study",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 791,
"width": 14,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "140",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 62,
"width": 346,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salsa Solli Nafsika 1 , Zakarias Sukarya Soeteja 2 , & Hery Supiarza 3 , Proses Pembentukan Efikasi Diri…",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 130,
"width": 400,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam praktik produksi film tidak hanya kemampuan teknis yang ditunjang oleh alat yang memiliki standar, namun kedalaman ide dan fokus film harus disusun sebaik mungkin dalam tahapan praproduksi yang di dalamnya harus melibatkan seorang peneliti yang akan mengangkat isu tertentu. Kadang kala seorang kreator film pemula sering luput dan menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang landasan apa yang menjadi topik utama bahan cerita, isu apa yang akan dibangun, dari mana isu tersebut, adakah dampak yang timbul sehingga penonton ataupun kreator film dapat menggambarkan dengan baik. Lalu dari mana harus mendapatkan gagasan tersebut, apa mungkin hanya sebatas merenungkan dan mengkhayal saja, sehingga topik yang diusung dirasa bias. Hal tersebut terjadi karena keterbatasan pengalaman empiris seorang kreator film dalam memahami sumber persoalan yang akan diangkat (Angela, 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 321,
"width": 400,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam konteks pengkajian film, hal ini kerap kali terjadi bagi sebagian peneliti muda film yang rata-rata dari kalangan mahasiswa dan sering kali mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan hal apa yang menjadi topik persoalan sehingga film tersebut bisa tercipta. Dengan beragamnya variabel dan lokus penelitian tidak mencerminkan bagaimana proses pendalaman kasus itu bisa terjadi. Fakta yang terjadi, mahasiswa hanya sebatas mengikuti pola dari kawan tanpa memahami strategi dan cara pelaksanaan riset praproduksi tersebut dalam pekerjaan produksi yang memakan waktu, tenaga, dan pikiran. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana menyusun strategi untuk menentukan data yang relevan dan mengolah data sebagai konsep riset dalam penentuan praproduksi film pada bidang artistik serta kajian yang mendasari mengapa keindahan dalam film tersebut dapat terjadi menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 511,
"width": 403,
"height": 233,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Robert K. Yin memiliki perspektif tentang studi kasus dalam penelitian ilmu sebagai metode yang secara umum mengolah pertanyaan dari kata How atau Why untuk menelaah peristiwa yang diselidiki bertumpu pada fenomena kontemporer dan realitas yang ada (Prihatsanti et al., 2018). Pendekatan studi kasus ( case study ) merupakan metode untuk menjawab persoalan dalam bidang sosial, perencanaan, budaya, visual, dan industri teknologi. Dilihat dari tujuannya, studi kasus merupakan turunan dari metode kualitatif yang berbasis pada nilai dan pemahaman perilaku manusia berdasarkan keberagaman, teori ilmiah, dan ideologi atau kepercayaan (Nurahma et al., 2021). Berkaitan dengan fenomena yang melibatkan pengalaman empiris, mengkaji sejauh mana gap antara temuan dengan konteks yang ada dengan membandingkan hasil atau bukti dan tentunya dapat dikaitkan dengan pendekatan lain sebagai dasar penelitian. Karakteristik utama dalam studi kasus ini adalah: (1) fokus pada satu atau beberapa kasus, dipelajari dalam konteks kehidupan nyata; (2) menjelaskan hubungan sebab akibat; (3) pengembangan teori dalam fase desain penelitian; (4) tergantung pada berbagai sumber bukti; dan (5)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 497,
"top": 791,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "141",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 66,
"width": 308,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.9 No.2, Desember 2023 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 400,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menggeneralisasikan teori (Dong et al., 2002). Terdapat dua golongan dalam studi kasus yaitu hal Retrospective dengan ciri adanya penyimpangan dari tidak wajar hasilnya lebih ke arah positif, bersifat kuratif, penyelesaian masalah memerlukan treatment dari seorang pakar, dan peneliti hanya memberikan rekomendasi. Sedangkan Prospective berupa pengembangan dari kasus yang ada sehingga perlu tindakan langsung oleh peneliti dan para pakar (McElvaney, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 212,
"width": 400,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian studi kasus dibedakan menjadi tiga tipe yaitu: Eksplanatoris, Eksploratoris, dan Deskriptif. Beberapa strategi dalam metode penelitian dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1. Hal penting yang membedakan strategi penelitian ialah identifikasi tipe pertanyaan penelitian yang harus memiliki substansi dan bentuk. Maka dalam studi kasus yang dilakukan cenderung pada jenis fenomena atau kasus yang akan ditelaah lebih lanjut, berikut contoh pertanyaan pada strategi studi kasus (Hooda et al., 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 338,
"width": 247,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Strategi Studi Kasus, Sumber/Robert K Yin",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 488,
"width": 400,
"height": 249,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "John W. Creswell memiliki perspektif tentang studi kasus sebagai metode yang paling lemah dalam validasi data, terdapat keanehan dan memiliki tingkat ketepatan yang minim sehingga tingkat objektivitasnya sangat minim (Cresswell, 2012). Fokus kajian dalam studi kasus mengacu pada individu, kelompok, dan realitas kehidupan yang terjadi dalam satu fenomena atau peristiwa. Ada empat poin yang dikemukakan oleh Creswell dalam studi kasus memiliki karakteristik di antaranya: (1) identifikasi kasus untuk dipelajari; (2) keterkaitan antara kasus dengan lokus dalam satu momentum yang terikat satu sama lain; (3) analisis berbagai sumber informasi dalam pendalaman kasus dari suatu peristiwa yang terjadi; (4) implementasi studi kasus dalam penggambaran konteks atau setting sebuah kasus. Studi kasus dapat dijadikan sebagai objek studi dengan mempertimbangkan padanan metode yang digunakan. Maka dalam studi kasus dapat berupa eksplorasi dari sebuah fenomena yang saling mendukung satu sama lain secara terikat yang dihimpun dan diolah menjadi data yang beragam berdasarkan padanan pendekatan lainnya, sehingga data yang didapatkan akan beragam dan banyak (Pranto et al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 360,
"width": 398,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis penelitian Bentuk pertanyaan penelitian Bentuk pertanyaan penelitian Fokus pada peristiwa kontemporer ? Eksperimen bagaimana, mengapa Ya Ya Survei siapa, apa, di mana, berapa banyak Tidak Ya Analisis arsip siapa, apa, di mana, berapa banyak Tidak Ya/Tidak Sejarah bagaimana, mengapa Tidak Tidak Studi Kasus bagaimana, mengapa Tidak Ya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 791,
"width": 14,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "142",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 62,
"width": 346,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salsa Solli Nafsika 1 , Zakarias Sukarya Soeteja 2 , & Hery Supiarza 3 , Proses Pembentukan Efikasi Diri…",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 397,
"width": 401,
"height": 312,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini mengulas sejauh mana peran metode studi kasus dalam pemecahan masalah desain produksi artistik pada produksi film. Dalam tahapan produksi film, seorang kreator memerlukan pendekatan khusus untuk menentukan antara relevansi naskah dan kreasi nyata dari imajinasi melalui pendekatan mise- en-scene meliputi visualisasi tokoh, kostum, setting , dan properti serta gaya tutur visual melalui mood adegan (Klevan, 2018). Metode khusus dalam praktik penciptaan film berupa Praproduksi, Produksi, dan Post -produksi. Setiap tahapan tersebut memerlukan studi kasus dalam mewujudkan nilai estetika dari film. Pendekatan estetika yang digunakan pun pasti memerlukan kajian studi kasus agar pemaknaan dan tafsir penonton bisa sejalan dengan apa yang diharapkan oleh naskah. Peran seorang subjek estetik yakni kreator (sineas) atau apresiator (penonton) akan bertalian dengan objek estetika itu sendiri yakni produk film yang di dalamnya banyak sekali unsur yang menjadikan film itu sangat baik dan memanjakan mata, karena pada praktiknya nilai estetika akan terbentuk jika keduanya saling merespons dan melakukan penyelidikan mengenai yang indah (S. Nafsika et al., 2022). Penyelidikan mengenai prinsip-prisip yang mendasari seni, pengalaman yang bertalian dengan seni dan penciptaan seni, penilaian terhadap seni, atau perenungan atas seni sehingga sineas atau penonton bisa menentukan parameter estetika mereka berdasarkan pendekatan yang masing-masing mereka lakukan yaitu Artistik Proses dan Estesis Proses (S. S. Nafsika & Huda, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 342,
"width": 194,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Konsep Teori Studi Kasus Cresswell Sumber: Salsa Solli Nafsika, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 497,
"top": 791,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "143",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 66,
"width": 308,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.9 No.2, Desember 2023 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 533,
"width": 59,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 547,
"width": 400,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur, dengan tujuan menggali sejauh mana penggunaan studi kasus dalam desain produksi artistik film yang turunannya kepada penciptaan produk artistik ( mise-en- scene ) meliputi kostum, setting , properti, hand property sehingga menjadi rujukan bagi sineas muda, serta berdampak pada persepsi yang dibangun oleh penonton untuk mengukur sejauh mana capaian produksi itu terjadi dengan parameter estetika berdasarkan pengalaman estesis. Metode yang akan diujikan mengacu pada teori Studi Kasus Robert K. Yin dan John W. Cresswel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 235,
"top": 471,
"width": 170,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Konsep Teori Estetika Artistik Sumber: Salsa Solli Nafsika, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 791,
"width": 14,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "144",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 62,
"width": 346,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salsa Solli Nafsika 1 , Zakarias Sukarya Soeteja 2 , & Hery Supiarza 3 , Proses Pembentukan Efikasi Diri…",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 130,
"width": 400,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bagian ini penulis akan menjelaskan metode studi kasus dalam sudut pandang kreator yakni penata artistik untuk menganalisis sejauh mana workflow produksi berdasarkan capaian estetika film.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 331,
"width": 401,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahapan pertama yaitu penentuan alur kerja produksi film menggunakan studi kasus berlangsung pada saat breakdown naskah. Seorang kreator film memiliki peran masing-masing dalam mewujudkan fantasinya melalui objek estetik, salah satunya adalah penata artistik. Penata artistik merupakan subdivisi yang fokus dalam kreativitas penciptaan produk estetik seperti perancangan dan penciptaan penunjang kebutuhan sinematografi melalui mise-en-scene . Pada dimensi kompetensi, ada yang dinamakan Contigency Management Skill yang di dalamnya merujuk pada strategi dalam mengelola sebuah masalah mulai dari memecahkan persoalan gagasan artistik dengan riset breakdown , studi bentuk, riset material untuk kebutuhan tokoh meliputi: kostum, hand property , setting properti, dan mood .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 295,
"width": 328,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Manajemen Riset Studi Kasus dalam Production Design Artistik Film",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 307,
"width": 140,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Salsa Solli Nafsika, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 718,
"width": 216,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Breakdown Manajemen Riset Studi Kasus dalam Production Design Artistik Film",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 248,
"top": 741,
"width": 140,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Salsa Solli Nafsika, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 497,
"top": 791,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "145",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 66,
"width": 308,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.9 No.2, Desember 2023 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 400,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahapan kedua yaitu penentuan desain, uji, dan strategi kasus menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus Yin dalam praktik produksi penata artistik yang dilakukan oleh sineas/kreator dengan menyiapkan tipe komponen riset sesuai dengan konteks diawali dengan: (1) Menyiapkan konsep pertanyaan dalam diri atau tim produksi tentang unsur kausalitas (bagaimana dan mengapa) untuk merasionalkan setiap elemen sinematografi; (2) Membimbing dalam pencarian data yang relevan tentang isu teoretis pada setiap konteks, tahapan ini disebut dengan proposisi; (3) Memecah unit analisis konteks sesuai kasus yang terjadi; (4) Tetap menjalankan prinsip logika antara data dan proposisi; (5) Membagi kriteria dari temuan tersebut (Davey et al., 2021). Pemilihan desain kasus perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin protokol dalam riset dapat terjadi dengan membagi item penelitian (analisis tunggal & multi analisis) berdasarkan workflow produksi dan menentukan uji kualitas kasus berdasarkan item yang dipilih (Gini et al., 2009), hal tersebut dapat terlihat pada Gambar 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 709,
"width": 400,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desain kasus perlu dipilih oleh para praktisi production design art director film untuk menentukan sejauh mana kedalaman naskah film yang nantinya akan direalisasikan melalui riset dan diciptakan dalam kreativitas tim produksinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 650,
"width": 307,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Simulasi Desain, Uji, dan Strategi Manajemen Riset Studi Kasus dalam Production Design Artistik Film Sumber: Salsa Solli Nafsika, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 791,
"width": 14,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "146",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 62,
"width": 346,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salsa Solli Nafsika 1 , Zakarias Sukarya Soeteja 2 , & Hery Supiarza 3 , Proses Pembentukan Efikasi Diri…",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 400,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemilihan desain studi kasus memungkinkan para production designer untuk mempelajari suatu fenomena secara mendalam dan terperinci. Dengan fokus pada satu kasus tunggal atau beberapa kasus terkait, tipe kasus merujuk pada konteks adegan atau struktur drama yang dibangun melalui film, Penata Artistik atau Prodcution Designer dapat melakukan analisis yang mendalam terhadap variabel- variabel yang relevan, hubungan antarvariabel, dan konteks spesifik yang memengaruhi fenomena yang diteliti. Hal ini memungkinkan penemuan yang lebih mendalam dan pemahaman yang komprehensif (Fahrudin, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 243,
"width": 400,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desain studi kasus memungkinkan Desainer Produksi untuk mempelajari fenomena dalam konteks yang nyata. Peneliti dapat memeriksa fenomena tersebut dalam pengaturan yang sebenarnya, seperti dalam praktik penata artistik film. Ini memungkinkan pengamatan langsung dan analisis yang lebih akurat terhadap peristiwa yang terjadi secara alami. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian menjadi lebih relevan dan dapat diterapkan dalam praktik (Ernawati, 2020). Desain studi kasus cocok untuk mempelajari fenomena yang kompleks atau kasus yang langka. Dalam praktik penata artistik film, setiap film memiliki konteks, tantangan, dan keputusan unik yang terlibat dalam penataan artistik. Studi kasus memungkinkan peneliti untuk mempelajari dan menggali dalam rincian dan kompleksitas ini. Juga, jika ada kasus langka atau kasus yang jarang terjadi, desain studi kasus memungkinkan peneliti untuk menjelajahi kasus tersebut secara mendalam dan menghasilkan pemahaman yang lebih baik (Wisnu & Hapsari, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 466,
"width": 402,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahapan ketiga yaitu klasifikasi kasus digunakan pada saat data mining (penggalian data) untuk menganalisis sekumpulan data serta membangun sebuah model dari sampel data yang belum terklasifikasi pada setiap klaster atau analisis kasus berdasarkan konteks yang terjadi (Yudha & Wahyudi, 2018) sehingga data dapat diurutkan sesuai dengan pendekatannya. Penata artistik harus membagi desain studi kasus terhadap komponen riset dengan menelaah sejauh mana keunikan kasus tersebut secara holistik (menyeluruh) atau embedded (terikat) atau multikasus dengan membagi kembali jenis kasus yang terjadi apakah masuk ke dalam kategori multikasus holistik atau multikasus embedded (Chaiprasurt, 2019). Klasifikasi kasus memungkinkan Production Designer untuk menyesuaikan penelitian dengan tujuan yang spesifik. Misalnya, jika tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari perkembangan nilai artistik dalam film-film horor Amerika pada tahun 2000-an, peneliti dapat mengklasifikasikan kasus-kasus yang sesuai dengan kriteria tersebut. Hal ini membantu dalam mengarahkan pemilihan kasus dan memastikan bahwa data yang dikumpulkan relevan dengan tujuan penelitian. Klasifikasi kasus juga memberikan kerangka kerja analisis yang sistematis dalam penelitian film. Misalnya, peneliti dapat mengklasifikasikan kasus-kasus berdasarkan elemen-elemen penataan artistik seperti set, kostum, pencahayaan, atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 497,
"top": 791,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "147",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 66,
"width": 308,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.9 No.2, Desember 2023 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 400,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tata suara. Ini membantu dalam mengorganisasi data, menganalisis perbedaan dan kesamaan, serta membuat generalisasi yang lebih terperinci.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 481,
"width": 400,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahapan keempat, pencarian data dalam mencapai desain produksi film dapat melibatkan berbagai pendekatan, tergantung pada jenis data yang digunakan kreator dan sineas film berdasarkan sumber yang dimiliki. Berikut adalah beberapa kemungkinan strategi yang dapat digunakan, penting untuk mengklarifikasi pertanyaan penelitian. Bagaimana mengetahui tentang karya seorang desainer produksi tertentu, sejarah desain produksi dalam film, atau proses kreatif dibalik desain produksi film tertentu? Memiliki pertanyaan penelitian yang jelas akan membantu memfokuskan pencarian dan menemukan data yang paling relevan. Secara keseluruhan, mencari data tentang desain produksi memerlukan kombinasi keterampilan penelitian, akses ke sumber yang relevan, dan kemauan untuk menghubungi profesional industri untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut (Wicaksono, 2023). Dasar pemenuhan data dengan studi artikel-artikel untuk data tambahan tentang anggaran, garis waktu, dan proses kreatif dibalik karya desainer produksi pada film tertentu sebagai referensi, mempelajari tentang tren terbaru, dan praktik terbaik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 425,
"width": 262,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Klasifikasi Kasus pada Manajemen Riset Studi Kasus dalam Production Design Artistik Film Sumber: Salsa Solli Nafsika, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 791,
"width": 14,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "148",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 62,
"width": 346,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salsa Solli Nafsika 1 , Zakarias Sukarya Soeteja 2 , & Hery Supiarza 3 , Proses Pembentukan Efikasi Diri…",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 325,
"width": 400,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahapan kelima merupakan analisis data, alam konteks riset. \"Data\" merujuk pada fakta-fakta yang dikumpulkan atau dihasilkan sebagai dasar untuk memperoleh informasi, memvalidasi hipotesis, atau menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Data sering kali diperoleh melalui metode pengumpulan yang terstruktur dan sistematis, seperti survei, eksperimen, observasi, atau analisis dokumen. Data dalam riset dapat berupa angka, statistik, fakta, pernyataan, atau catatan yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Data dapat bersifat kuantitatif (terukur secara numerik) atau kualitatif (berupa deskripsi atau interpretasi) (Bungin, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 452,
"width": 400,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam proses riset, data sering kali diolah dan dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi pola, tren, hubungan, atau kesimpulan yang relevan dengan pertanyaan penelitian yang diajukan. Hasil analisis data ini kemudian digunakan untuk membuat generalisasi, membuat kesimpulan, atau mendukung argumen dalam laporan riset. Argumentasi ini sebagai landasan dalam menciptakan desain produksi awal. Dalam era digital saat ini, jumlah data yang tersedia sangat melimpah dan teknologi informasi memainkan peran penting dalam pengumpulan, penyimpanan, dan analisis data. Pendekatan seperti big data dan analisis data yang canggih memungkinkan para peneliti untuk menggali wawasan yang lebih dalam dari data yang ada (Ahmad, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 611,
"width": 400,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam konteks artistik film, terdapat beberapa jenis data yang relevan. Berikut data yang bisa diperoleh di antaranya; Data Visual adalah aspek kunci dalam film. Data visual mencakup frame-by-frame , komposisi, warna, pencahayaan, efek khusus, animasi, dan semua elemen visual yang ada dalam film. Data ini mencerminkan pilihan artistik sutradara dan sinematografer. Data Audio adalah mencakup elemen-elemen suara dalam film, seperti dialog, musik, efek suara, atau suara latar. Hal ini meliputi skor musik, rekaman suara, dan efek suara yang digunakan dalam produksi film. Data audio memberikan pengalaman pendengaran yang kaya dalam film. Naskah adalah dokumen tertulis yang berisi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 195,
"top": 281,
"width": 253,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Pencarian Data pada Manajemen Riset Studi Kasus dalam Production Design Artistik Film Sumber: Salsa Solli Nafsika, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 497,
"top": 791,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "149",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 66,
"width": 308,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.9 No.2, Desember 2023 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 400,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dialog, adegan, dan arahan bagi para aktor dan kru film. Naskah menyajikan data teks yang digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam produksi dan pengembangan cerita dalam film. Data Pengeluaran Produksi, mencakup anggaran, biaya produksi, pengeluaran kru, biaya peralatan, dan elemen-elemen finansial terkait dengan pembuatan film. Data ini membantu dalam pemantauan dan pengendalian anggaran produksi serta perencanaan keuangan. Data Penonton dan Respons berupa rujukan pada tanggapan dan reaksi penonton terhadap film. Data ini dapat diperoleh melalui survei, ulasan, penjualan tiket, penghargaan, atau komentar media sosial. Informasi ini dapat memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana film diterima oleh audiens dan efeknya terhadap mereka. Data Sejarah Film, mencakup informasi tentang film-film sebelumnya, perbandingan dengan film-film serupa, atau pengaruh budaya, atau gerakan artistik pada pembuatan film. Data ini membantu konteks dan pemahaman lebih lanjut tentang film dalam kerangka sejarah dan perkembangan perfilman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 323,
"width": 400,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahapan analisis data dalam konteks studi kasus pada production designer artistik film sebagai langkah awal untuk memunculkan ide yang diharapkan bisa menopang wilayah estetika dalam film. Analisis data ini meliputi mood , set , property , make up, sfx. Analisis itu akan dituangkan ke dalam lembar breakdown artistik dan short list . Data teks yang sudah disusun akan menghasilkan concept art yang nantinya akan disusun dan menjadi pedoman dalam mewujudkan rancangan artistik dan desain produksi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 450,
"width": 400,
"height": 296,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahapan keenam yaitu Laporan, berupa laporan deskriptif dengan bentuk narasi atau konsep dan eksplanatoris berupa data visual. Seorang desainer produksi film bertanggung jawab untuk merancang dan mengatur set, kostum, dan elemen visual lainnya dalam produksi film (Burnard, 2004). Berikut adalah beberapa berkas yang mungkin dikerjakan oleh seorang desainer produksi film meliputi; Konsep Desain meliputi gambar-gambar konseptual, sketsa, dan mood board yang menggambarkan visi desain produksi film. Desain Set meliputi penentuan lokasi, pemilihan warna, tekstur, dan penataan properti untuk menciptakan suasana yang sesuai dengan cerita film. Storyboards adalah serangkaian gambar berurutan yang menggambarkan urutan adegan dalam film (Ranangsari & Fuquan (2020). Desainer produksi mungkin terlibat dalam membuat atau memberikan input pada storyboards untuk memastikan set dan desain visual lainnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan cerita. Desain Kostum, desainer produksi berkolaborasi dengan perancang kostum untuk menciptakan penampilan visual yang tepat untuk karakter- karakter dalam film. Mereka dapat membuat sketsa dan pilihan warna, serta melakukan riset untuk mencapai penampilan yang konsisten dengan cerita dan periode waktu yang diinginkan. Desain Properti merupakan tangggung jawab untuk merencanakan, memilih, atau bahkan membuat properti yang diperlukan dalam film. Ini termasuk benda-benda seperti perabotan, peralatan, kendaraan, dan objek-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 791,
"width": 14,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "150",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 62,
"width": 346,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salsa Solli Nafsika 1 , Zakarias Sukarya Soeteja 2 , & Hery Supiarza 3 , Proses Pembentukan Efikasi Diri…",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 400,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "objek lainnya yang ada di dalam set. Desain Visual Efek yaitu penggunaan efek visual; desainer produksi mungkin terlibat dalam mengidentifikasi kebutuhan efek tersebut dan bekerja sama dengan tim efek visual untuk menciptakan desain yang konsisten (Rabiger & Hurbis-Cherrier, 2013). Struktur Riset meliputi rentang periode waktu, budaya, atau tema tertentu yang terkait dengan cerita film. Ini membantu mereka menciptakan desain yang akurat dan autentik. Anggaran dan Jadwal berupa perencanaan dan pengelolaan anggaran serta jadwal produksi untuk aspek desain produksi film. Komunikasi dan Kolaborasi berupa informasi yang didapatkan saat berinteraksi dengan tim kreatif lainnya, termasuk sutradara, produser, sinematografer, dan perancang suara, untuk memastikan visi desain yang konsisten dan kolaborasi yang efektif (Hermansyah, 2018). Berkas-berkas ini dapat berupa dokumen, gambar, sketsa, atau presentasi visual yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan dan memperlihatkan konsep desain kepada tim produksi film lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 336,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 350,
"width": 400,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode studi kasus adalah pendekatan penelitian yang mendalam dan terperinci terhadap satu kasus tunggal atau beberapa kasus terkait untuk memahami fenomena yang ada di dalamnya. Dalam praktik desain produksi artistik film, metode studi kasus dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari proses, strategi, dan efek dari desain produksi artistik film pada film tertentu atau serangkaian film terkait. Penting untuk diingat bahwa metode studi kasus dalam praktik desain produksi artistik film membutuhkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang teori dan prinsip- prinsip penataan artistik serta pengalaman praktis dalam industri film. Kolaborasi dengan praktisi industri atau ahli desain produksi artistik film dapat memberikan perspektif yang berharga dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 509,
"width": 400,
"height": 201,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode riset artistik dalam praktik produksi film memiliki beberapa implikasi yang signifikan. Metode riset artistik dapat membantu dalam pengembangan konsep yang lebih kuat untuk film. Dengan melakukan riset yang cermat tentang tema, karakter, setting , dan elemen-elemen visual lainnya, tim produksi dapat memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam tentang proyek film yang mereka kerjakan. Hal ini membantu dalam merancang penataan artistik yang lebih kohesif dan relevan dengan visi keseluruhan film. Riset artistik memainkan peran penting dalam menciptakan visual yang autentik dan akurat dalam produksi film. Riset ini melibatkan pengumpulan referensi visual, kunjungan lokasi, penelitian sejarah, dan kajian budaya yang relevan dengan narasi film. Dengan menggali inspirasi dari sumber-sumber yang akurat dan menggabungkannya dengan kreativitas, tim penata artistik dapat menciptakan dunia film yang kaya dengan rincian yang tepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 715,
"width": 400,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode riset artistik membantu dalam pengembangan karakter yang lebih mendalam dan terperinci. Dengan melakukan riset tentang latar belakang,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 497,
"top": 791,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "151",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 66,
"width": 308,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.9 No.2, Desember 2023 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 400,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kepribadian, dan motivasi karakter, tim penata artistik dapat memberikan elemen penataan yang sesuai dan konsisten dengan karakter yang direpresentasikan dalam film. Hal ini membantu para aktor memahami dan memerankan karakter mereka dengan lebih baik, sehingga meningkatkan keseluruhan kualitas pementasan dan pengalaman penonton. Riset artistik memainkan peran penting dalam menciptakan atmosfer yang tepat pada film. Melalui riset tentang pemilihan warna, pencahayaan, tekstur, dan properti, tim penata artistik dapat membantu menciptakan suasana yang kohesif dan mendukung narasi film. Atmosfer yang baik dapat memengaruhi emosi penonton, menguatkan pesan yang ingin disampaikan oleh film, dan meningkatkan pengalaman menonton secara keseluruhan. Metode riset artistik juga mendorong inovasi dan eksperimen dalam penataan artistik film. Dengan melakukan riset yang ekstensif tentang tren terkini, teknik baru, dan pendekatan kreatif, tim penata artistik dapat mengembangkan ide-ide yang unik dan menantang batasan konvensional dalam produksi film. Hal ini membuka peluang untuk menciptakan karya-karya yang segar dan orisinal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 371,
"width": 92,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KEPUSTAKAAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 384,
"width": 400,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahmad, J. (2018). Desain Penelitian Analisis Isi (Content Analysis). Jurnal Analisis Isi , 5 (9), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.12201.08804 Angela, I. (2023). Pengembangan Strategi pada Rumah Produksi Cinemajestic Pictures Tangerang. Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni , 9 (1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.24821/jtks.v9i1.7950",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 451,
"width": 400,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bungin, B. (2020). Post qualitative social research methods : kuantitatif, kualitatif, mixed methods positivism, postpositivism, phenomenology,postmodern. Jakarta: Kencana. , 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 495,
"width": 400,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Burnard, P. (2004). Writing a qualitative research report. Accident and Emergency Nursing , 12 (3), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaen.2003.11.006 Chaiprasurt, C. (2019). Designing Embedded Case Study Research Approach in Educational Reserach. International Journal of Pedagogy and Teacher Education , 3 (1), 19. https://doi.org/10.20961/ijpte.v3i1.25370 Cresswell, J. (2012). Educational research : planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 591,
"width": 400,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Davey, D., Malone, S., & Egan, B. (2021). Case Study: Transition to a Vegan Diet in an Elite Male Gaelic Football Player. Sports , 9 (1).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 619,
"width": 400,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9010006 Dong, Y., Hallam, J., & Li, M. (2002). On constructing a cooperative paradigm. Applied Artificial Intelligence , 16 (3), 209–241.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 660,
"width": 224,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1080/088395102753559280",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 674,
"width": 400,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ernawati, A. (2020). Studi Kasus Politik Identitas Perempuan dalam Film Ada Apa dengan Cinta. Nyimak: Journal of Communication , 4 (1), 53. https://doi.org/10.31000/nyimak.v4i1.2297",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 716,
"width": 400,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahrudin, F. (2020). Resepsi al-Qur’an di Media Sosial (Studi Kasus Film Ghibah dalam Kanal Youtube Film Maker Muslim). Hermeneutik , 14 (1), 141. https://doi.org/10.21043/hermeneutik.v14i1.6890",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 791,
"width": 14,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "152",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 62,
"width": 346,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salsa Solli Nafsika 1 , Zakarias Sukarya Soeteja 2 , & Hery Supiarza 3 , Proses Pembentukan Efikasi Diri…",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 401,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gini, G., Garg, T., & Stefanelli, M. (2009). Ensembling regression models to improve their predictivity: A case study in qsar (quantitative structure activity relationships) with computational chemometrics. Applied Artificial Intelligence , 23 (3), 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839510802700847 Hermansyah, D. (2018). Kesalahan Pemikiran tentang Riset dalam Pembuatan Film Dokumenter. Imaji , 10 (2), 93–102.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 199,
"width": 400,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hooda, N., Bawa, S., & Rana, P. S. (2018). Fraudulent Firm Classification: A Case Study of an External Audit. Applied Artificial Intelligence , 32 (1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2018.1451032",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 241,
"width": 401,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Klevan, A. (2018). AESTHETIC EVALUATION AND FILM . Manchester University Press.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 268,
"width": 400,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "McElvaney, R. (2019). Grooming: A Case Study. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse , 28 (5), 608–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1554612 Nafsika, S. S., & Huda, A. S. (2021). Estetika : Persfektif Semiotika dan Semantik pada film Salam dari Kepiting Selatan . 2 , 7–13.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 321,
"width": 401,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nafsika, S., Soetedja, Z. S., Sarbeni, I., & Supiarza, H. (2022). Aesthetic film : constructive perspective art directors . 17 (2), 118–126.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 351,
"width": 400,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurahma, G. A., & Hendriani, W. (2021). Tinjauan sistematis studi kasus dalam penelitian kualitatif. Mediapsi , 7 (2), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2021.007.02.4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 392,
"width": 400,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pranto, T. H., Noman, A. A., Noor, A., Deepty, U. H., & Rahman, R. M. (2022).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 406,
"width": 364,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effect of Label Noise on Multi-Class Semantic Segmentation: A Case Study on Bangladesh Marine Region. Applied Artificial Intelligence , 36 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2039348",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 448,
"width": 401,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prihatsanti, U., Suryanto, S., & Hendriani, W. (2018). Menggunakan Studi Kasus sebagai Metode Ilmiah dalam Psikologi. Buletin Psikologi , 26 (2), 126. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.38895",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 489,
"width": 400,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rabiger, M., & Hurbis-Cherrier, M. (2013). Directing: Film techniques and aesthetics: Fifth Edition. In Directing: Film Techniques and Aesthetics: Fifth Edition . https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203072387",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 530,
"width": 400,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ranangsari, K. A., & Fuquan, Q. (2020). Production of Documentary Film Driving Awareness. Capture : Jurnal Seni Media Rekam , 11 (2), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.33153/capture.v11i2.3166",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 572,
"width": 400,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wicaksono, Y. (2023). Pemanfaatan Manajemen Pengetahuan Untuk Membantu Persiapan Data Pada Proses. Jurnal Teknik Informatika Dan Sistem Informasi , 10 (1), 298–308.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 613,
"width": 401,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wisnu, W., & Hapsari, P. D. (2016). Analisis AISAS model terhadap product placement dalam film Indonesia studi kasus: Brand kuliner di film Ada Apa Dengan Cinta 2. Jurnal Rekam , 12 (2), 69–81. http://journal.isi.ac.id/index.php/rekam/article/viewFile/1424/294 Yudha, S. W., & Wahyudi, M. (2018). Komparasi Algoritma Klasifikasi Untuk Analisis Sentimen Review Film Berbahasa Asing. Seminar Nasional Informatika, Sistem Informasi Dan Keamanan Siber (SEINASI-KESI) , 180– 185.",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
b5c8e912-62d3-c9eb-7e5a-9ad0c1de1075 | https://ejurnal.uij.ac.id/index.php/REC/article/download/1743/1328 | [
{
"left": 507,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "225",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 75,
"width": 368,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP KEGAGALAN USAHA PERUSAHAAN DI INDONESIA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 115,
"width": 33,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Oleh :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 136,
"width": 276,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edi Wahjuningati Email: [email protected] Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 188,
"width": 39,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 203,
"width": 454,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor penyebab kegagalan usaha perusahaan dan menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi perusahaan untuk meminimalisir kegagalan usaha perusahaan. Metode penelitian hukum dilakukan melalui penelitian hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab kegagalan usaha perusahaan antara lain para pihak tidak melaksanakan isi perjanjian yang di buat secara sah, ketidakstabilan mutu produk, keliru dalam memilih lapangan usaha, kurang ketekunan, ketelitian dan pengawasan, anggaran yang melampaui batas, target yang diharapkan tidak tercapai. Perlindungan hukum bagi perusahaan untuk meminimalisir kegagalan usaha antara lain perjanjian yang di buat harus sah dan dilaksanakan dengan itikad baik, perusahaan memiliki legalitas, atas dasar Pasal 6 ayat 1 Kitab Undang - Undang Hukum Dagang dan Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 316/KMK.016/ 1994.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 376,
"width": 217,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci: Kegagalan Usaha, Perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 396,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 415,
"width": 454,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This study resulted in a formulation of the problem including the factors causing company business failures and legal protection for companies to minimize business failures. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the factors that cause company business failures and to know and analyze legal protection for companies to minimize business failures. Legal research methods are carried out through normative legal research, with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results showed that the factors causing the failure of the company's business included the parties not carrying out the contents of the agreement that was made legally, product quality instability, wrong choice of business field, lack of diligence, accuracy, and supervision, the budget that exceeded the limit, the expected target was not achieved. Legal protection for companies to minimize business failures, including agreements made must be valid and implemented in good faith, the company has legality, based on Article 6 paragraph 1 of the Indonesian Commercial Code and Decree of the Minister of Finance Number 316/KMK.016/1994.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 608,
"width": 200,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Business Failure, Company",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 638,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 659,
"width": 103,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1.1. Latar Belakang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 679,
"width": 216,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kekurangan dana menjadi masalah bagi perusahaan besar dan menengah maupun permodalan perusahaan kecil dan koperasi, sedangkan untuk mengatasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 638,
"width": 216,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kesulitan dana tersebut maka dikeluarkan Keppres Nomor 61 Tahun 1988 tentang Lembaga Pembiayaan menyatakan “Lembaga Pembiayaan adalah badan usaha yang melakukan kegiatan pembiayaan dalam bentuk penyediaan dana atau barang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "226",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "modal dengan tidak menarik dana secara langsung dari masyarakat.” 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 116,
"width": 216,
"height": 446,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perkembangan lahirnya perusahaan- perusahaan Pembiayaan pada tahun 1988 yang pesat sehingga mendorongpemerintah untuk membuat kebijakan melalui Ke- putusan Presiden Nomor 61 Tahun 1988 pada tanggal 20 Desember 1988 tentang Lembaga Pembiayaan dan ditindaklanjuti dengan Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1251/KMK. 013/1988 tanggal 20 Desember 1988 ten- tang Ketentuan dan Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Lembaga Pembiayaan, bidang usaha Perusahaan Pembiayaan semakin diperluas yakni selain melakukan kegiatan usaha leasing, Perusahaan Pembiayaan juga dapat melakukan kegiatan usaha Modal Ventura, Perdagangan Surat Berharga, Anjak Piutang, Usaha Kartu Kredit, dan Pembiayaan Konsumen. Namun demikian Perusahaan Pembayaan tidak diperkenan- kan menarik dana secara lang-sung dari masyarakat. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 571,
"width": 216,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam penyaluran kredit kepada masyarakat untuk kepentingan pembiayaan, Lembaga keuangan diwajibkan menerapkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 644,
"width": 215,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 61 Tahun 1988",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 667,
"width": 215,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Ramadhan, S., Poesoko, H. ., & Fahamsyah , E. . (2020). Karakteristik Perjanjian Pembiayaan oleh Perusahaan Pembiayaan Multiguna. JURNAL RECHTENS , 9 (2), hlm.110-111. https://doi.org/10.36835/rechtens.v9i2.789 https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.11 34310316?search_mode=content&search_text=jur nal%20rechtens&search_type=kws&search_field=f ull_search&and_facet_source_title=jour.1406386",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "prinsip kehati-hatian atau Prudential Banking Principles . Hal ini didasarkan pada adanya resiko yang sangat tinggi dalam melakukan pemberian kredit sebagai usaha utama Lembaga perbankan. Selain itu kegagalan dalam kredit dapat berakibat pada terpengaruhnya kesehatan dan kelangsungan usaha Lembaga keuangan itu sendiri. 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 261,
"width": 216,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pasal 1 ayat 1 Peraturan Presiden Nomor 9 Tahun 2009 menyatakan,” Lembaga Pembiayaan adalah badan usaha yang melakukan kegiatan pembiayaan dalam bentuk penyediaan dana atau barang modal”. 4 Pasal 2 Keputusan Menteri Ke- uangan Nomor 1251/KMK.013/1988 ten- tang Ketentuan Dan Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Lembaga Pembiayaan menyatakan“ Lem- baga pembiayaan melakukan kegiatan yang meliputi bidang usaha : Sewa Guna Usaha; Modal Ventura; Perdagangan Surat Ber- harga; Anjak Piutang, Usaha Kartu Kredit dan Pembiayaan Konsumen” 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 551,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pasal 2 Peraturan Presiden Nomor 2 Tahun 2009 menyatakan,”Lembaga Pem- biayaan meliputi: Perusahaan pembiayaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 621,
"width": 215,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3 Tri Budiman, N., & Supianto, S. (2021). Penyelesaian Sengketa Kredit Tanpa Agunan Di Kelurahan Patrang Kecamatan Patrang Kabupaten Jember. JURNAL RECHTENS , 10 (2), 215. https://doi.org/10.56013/rechtens.v10i2.1143 https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.11 48574133?search_mode=content&search_text=jur nal%20rechtens&search_type=kws&search_field=f ull_search&and_facet_source_title=jour.1406386",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 724,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4 Pasal 1 ayat 1 Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2009",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 747,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5 Pasal 2 Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1251/KMK.013/1988",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "227",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 72,
"width": 216,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan Perusahaan Modal Ventura”. 6 Se- lanjutnya Pasal 3 menyatakan,” kegiatan usaha perusahaan pembiayaan meliputi : Sewa Guna Usaha, Anjak Piutang, Usaha Kartu Kredit, dan/atau Pembiayaan Konsumen” 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 196,
"width": 216,
"height": 221,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pasal 9 menyatakan, ”Lembaga Pem- biayaan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 dilarang menarik dana secara langsung dari masyarakat dalam bentuk : Giro, Deposito dan Tabungan”. 8 Pasal 16 Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 1251/KMK.013/1988, “Perusahaan pem- biayaan dilarang menarik dana secara langsung dari masyarakat dalam bentuk giro, deposito, tabungan dan surat sanggup bayar (Promissory Note)”. 9 Pasal 13",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 427,
"width": 216,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 468/KMK.017/1995, untuk memperoleh izin usaha sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 10 ayat (1), perusahaan pembiayaan yang melakukan kegiatan di bidang sewa guna usaha, anjak piutang, kartu kredit atau pembiayaan kosumen mengajukan per- mohonan kepada Menteri Keuangan, dengan melampirkan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 678,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6 Pasal 2 Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2009",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 701,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7 Pasal 3 Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2009",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 724,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8 Pasal 9 Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2009",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 747,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9 Pasal 16 Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1251/KMK.013/1988",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Akte pendirian yang sudah disahkan sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang- undangan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 137,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Bukti pelunasan di setor dalam bentuk deposito berjangka pada bank umum di Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 199,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Contoh perjanjian pembiayaan yang akan digunakan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 240,
"width": 216,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Daftar nama direksi, dewan komisaris, dan pemegang saham, serta identitas, riwayat hidup, bukti pengalaman operasional, tidak tercatat sebagai debitur macet",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 344,
"width": 111,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. NPWP perusahaan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 364,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Neraca pembukuan perusahaan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 385,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "g. Perjanjian usaha patungan pihak asing dan Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 427,
"width": 216,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "h. Surat pernyataan tidak keberatan sebagai pemegang saham perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 468,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "i. Penjelasan terkait kesiapan operasional oleh direksi perusahaan. 10",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 509,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 9",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 530,
"width": 216,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 84/PMK.012/2006 menjelakan, permoho- nan izin usaha diajukan kepada Menteri sesuai dengan format dan wajib dilampiri dengan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 634,
"width": 215,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Akta pendirian badan hukum dan anggaran dasar yang sudah disahkan oleh instansi yang berwenang, memuat : nama, tempat kedudukan, jenis kegiatan usaha, permodalan, kepemilikan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 747,
"width": 214,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10 Pasal 13 Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 468/KMK.017/1995",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "228",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 202,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "wewenang, tanggung jawab, masa jabatan dari direksi dan dewan komisaris atau pengurus dan pengawas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 137,
"width": 216,
"height": 466,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Data direksi dan dewan komisaris atau pengurus dan pengawas yang meliputi: fotokopi KTP atau Paspor, daftar riwayat hidup, surat pernyataan tentang : a) tidak tercatat dalam daftar kredit macet pada perbankan, b) tidak tercantum dalam DTL di sektor perbankan, c) tidak pernah di pidana, d) tidak pernah di- nyatakan pailit atau dinyatakan me- ngakibatkan suatu perseroan/ perusahaan pailit berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan, e) tidak merangkap jabatan bagi direksi pada lembaga pembiayaan lain, f) tidak merangkap jabatan bagi komisaris pada lebih dari 3 perusahaan pembiayaan. 3. Bukti berpengalaman operasional minimal 2 tahun di bidang perusahaan pembiayaan atau perbankan bagi salah satu direksi atau pengurus 4. fotokopi KIMS dan fotokopi surat izin bekerja dari instansi bagi direksi atau bagi pengurus yang berkewarganegaraan asing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 613,
"width": 216,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. data pemegang saham atau anggota tentang: bila perorangan, wajib me- lampirkan dokumen yang disebutkan pada huruf b angka 1, angka 2 dan angka 3 serta surat pernyataan setoran modal tidak berasal dari pinjaman dan pencucian uang. Sedangkan badan hukum, wajib melampirkan : a) akta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 75,
"width": 202,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pendirian badan hukum dan anggaran dasar dengan perubahan-perubahan yang mendapat pengesahan dari instansi yang berwenang termasuk juga bagi badan usaha asing sesuai dengan ketentuan negaranya, b) laporan keuangan yang sudah diaudit oleh akuntan public dan laporan keuangan terakhir, c) dokumen yang disebutkan huruf b angka1, angka 2 dan angka 3 bagi pemegang saham dan direksi atau pengurus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 302,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. sistem dan prosedur kerja, struktur organisasi, dan juga personalia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 344,
"width": 215,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. fotokopi bukti pelunasan modal di setor dalam bentuk deposito berjangka",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 385,
"width": 215,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8. rencana kerja untuk 2 tahun pertama yang berisi : rencana pembiayaan dan langkah-langkah untuk mewujudkan dan proyeksi arus kas, neraca dan per- hitungan laba/rugi bulanan yang dimulai sejak melakukan kegiatan operasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 509,
"width": 215,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9. bukti kesiapan operasional berupa: daftar aktiva tetap dan inventaris; bukti kepemilikan, penguasaan atau perjanjian sewa menyewa gedung kantor; contoh perjanjian pembiayaan; NPWP; per- janjian usaha patungan bagi perusahaan patungan; pedoman pelaksanaan pe- nerapan prinsip mengenal nasabah. 11",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 675,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tujuan pembiayaan adalah membantu perusahaan kecil dan menengah atau perusahaan yang sedang dalam taraf",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 747,
"width": 214,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "11 Pasal 9 Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 84/PMK.012/2006",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "229",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 466,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pembangunan yang memenuhi kesulitan meminjam dana pada lembaga keuangan bank karena persyaratan kredit dengan jaminan sehingga kehadiran perusahaan pembiayaan yang melakukan kegiatan sewa guna usaha, anjak piutang dan lain-lain sangat dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan kecil dan menengah, dengan mengajukan rencana kerja dan besar modal investasi yang dibutuhkan, hubungan hukum antara perusahaan pembiayaan dengan perusahaan kecil dan menengah didasarkan pada perjanjian yang telah dibuat oleh para pihak akan mengikat para pihak seperti undang- undang dan para pihak harus melaksanakan perjanjian tersebut dengan itikad baik. Hal ini diperkuat dengan pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUH Perdata menyatakan “semua perjanjian yang di buat secara sah berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi mereka yang membuatnya” 12 Berdasakan Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata,”supaya terjadi perjanjian yang sah, perlu dipenuhi empat syarat :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 551,
"width": 215,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. kesepakatan mereka yang mengikatkan dirinya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 592,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. kecakapan untuk membuat suatu perikatan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 634,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. suatu pokok persoalan tertentu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 652,
"width": 189,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. suatu sebab yang tidak terlarang.” 13",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 675,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pasal 1313 KUH Perdata menyatakan “Perjanjian adalah suatu perbuatan dengan mana satu orang atau lebih mengikatkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 747,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "12 Pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUHPerdata",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 759,
"width": 112,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "13 Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dirinya terhadap satu orang lain atau lebih” 14 . Menurut Sudikno Mertokusumo, “perjanjian merupakan suatu hubungan hukum antara dua pihak atau lebih ber- dasarkan kata sepakat untuk menimbulkan akibat hukum” 15 . Akibat hukum bagi perusahaan kecil dan menengah, terbuka kemungkinan mengalami kegagalan usaha dikarenakan perusahaan pembiayaan dengan perusahaan kecil dan menengah tidak melaksanakan isi perjanjian yang di buat secara sah, sehingga para pihak yang tidak memenuhi dan melaksanakan isi perjanjian telah melakukan wanprestasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 362,
"width": 216,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Subekti, “wanprestasi (kelalaian atau kealpaan) dapat berupa empat macam:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 427,
"width": 215,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Tidak melakukan apa yang disanggupi akan dilakukannya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 468,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Melaksanakan apa yang dijanjikannya, tetapi tidak sebagaimana dijanjikan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 509,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Melakukan apa yang dijanjikannya tetapi terlambat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 551,
"width": 215,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Melakukan sesuatu yang menurut perjanjian tidak boleh dilakukan” 16",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 592,
"width": 216,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas maka peneliti mengambil judul Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Kegagalan Usaha Perusahaan Di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 713,
"width": 111,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "14 Pasal 1313 KUH Perdata",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 724,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "15 Sudikno Mertokusumo, Mengenal Hukum , Terbitan Kesatu, Liberty, Yogyakarta, 1988, h.97",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 747,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "16 Subekti, Hukum Perjanjian , Terbitan Ketigabelas, PT. Intermasa, Jakarta,1991, h.45",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "230",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1.2. Rumusan Masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 216,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Apakah faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya kegagalan usaha dalam suatu perusahaan?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 216,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Bagaimanakah bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi perusahaan untuk meminimalisir kegagalan usaha?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 241,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 261,
"width": 216,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode penelitian hukum dilakukan melalui penelitian Hukum Normatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Sumber bahan hukum dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder, bahan hukum primer dalam penelitian ini antara lain :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 447,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 468,
"width": 210,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 489,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c) Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 61 Tahun 1988 tentang Lembaga Pembiayaan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 551,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d) Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 571,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nomor 9 Tahun 2009 tentang Lembaga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 592,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembiayaan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 613,
"width": 216,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e) Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1251/KMK.013/1988 tentang Ketentuan Dan Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Lembaga Pembiayaan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 696,
"width": 216,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f) Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 316/KMK.016/1994 tentang Pedoman Pembinaan Usaha kecil dan Koperasi Melalui Pemanfaa-",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 75,
"width": 197,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tan Dana Dari Bagian Laba Badan Usaha Milik Negara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 116,
"width": 216,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "g) Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 468/KMK.017/1995 tentang Perubahan Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 1251/KMK.013/1988 tentang Ketentuan Dan Tata Cara",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 220,
"width": 198,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelaksanaan Lembaga Pembiayaan Sebagaimana Telah Diubah Dengan Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 1256/KMK.00/1989",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 302,
"width": 216,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "h) Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 84/PMK.012/2006 tentang Perusahaan Pembiayaan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 364,
"width": 216,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sedangkan bahan hukum sekunder terdiri dari buku teks dan pendapat para pakar. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum tersebut diinventarisasi kemudian diklasifikasi dengan menyesuaikan masalah yang dibahas, teknik analisa bahan hukum yaitu dengan bahan hukum yang telah dikumpulkan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah, sedangkan analisis terhadap bahan hukum digunakan deskriptif analisis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 375,
"top": 592,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 613,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Faktor Penyebab Kegagalan Usaha Perusahaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 654,
"width": 216,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hamid Shahab mengatakan jenis kegagalan meliputi: pada bidang usaha yaitu syarat-syarat yang tidak terpenuhi, organisasi yang tidak efektif, biaya yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "231",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "melampaui batas anggaran, target yang tidak tercapai dan lain-lain. 17",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 116,
"width": 216,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Liedholm (1987) sebagai- mana dikutip oleh Isono Sadoko dkk bahwa karakteristik yang menjadi ciri khas usaha kecil antara lain :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 199,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Memiliki skala usaha yang relatif kecil.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 220,
"width": 215,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Berlokasi di wilayah yang kecil, seperti pedesaan atau kota kecil.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 261,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Status usaha merupakan milik pribadi atau keluarga.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 302,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Sumber tenaga kerja berasal dari lingkungan sosial budaya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 344,
"width": 215,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Pola bekerja umumnya sebagai usaha sampingan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 385,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Kemampuan terbatas dalam hal teknologi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 427,
"width": 216,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Permodalan bergantung pada fixed assets",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 468,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8. Seringkali tidak memiliki izin usaha dan tidak memenuhi syarat resmi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 509,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9. Strategi perusahaan dipengaruhi kondisi lingkungan. 18",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 551,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Singgih Wibowo dkk mengatakan , ciri-ciri lain sebagai ukuran apakah suatu usaha tergolong kecil adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 613,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Usaha bebas (bukan badan hukum)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 634,
"width": 216,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Tidak menunjukkan keunggulan yang mencolok",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 675,
"width": 115,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Dikelola satu orang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 701,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "17 Hamid Shahab, Langkah Memperkecil Risiko Dalam Pembangunan , Djambatan, Jakarta, 1996,",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 726,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "h.2",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 736,
"width": 215,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "18 Isono Sadoko dkk, Pengembangan Usaha Kecil Pemihakan Setengah Hati , Terbitan Kesatu, Yayasan AKATIGA, Bandung, 1995, h.36-37",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Tidak mempunyai karyawan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 95,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Modal pribadi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 116,
"width": 156,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Wilayah pasar bersifat lokal",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 137,
"width": 216,
"height": 321,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sedangkan, batasan perusahaan kecil adalah: Perusahaan bidang perdagangan memiliki modal tidak melebihi Rp 80 juta dan Perusahaan bidang usaha produksi memiliki modal tidak melebihi Rp 200 juta. 19 Singgih Wibowo dkk mengatakan, “akan halnya Indonesia sendiri, usaha kecil telah mendapat perhatian yang menggem- birakan dari pemerintah dan masyarakat. Berbagai keringanan dan kemudahan disediakan pemerintah Indonesia untuk merangsang dan membina usaha kecil. Keringanan pajak, kemudahan dalam perizinan, dan kemudahan mendapatkan kredit khusus telah disediakan pemerintah.” 20",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 468,
"width": 216,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kelemahan usaha kecil sebagai salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan kegagalan usaha, disamping faktor-faktor lain yang terjadi di luar kemampuan manusia. Menurut Isono Sadoko dkk, kelemahan- kelemahan usaha kecil adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 592,
"width": 168,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Perubahan usaha sering terjadi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 613,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Ketidakstabilan akan mutu produk serta sifat untuk mencari keuntungan jangka pendek",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 675,
"width": 213,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Belum tercatatnya manajemen ke- uangan dengan baik",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 724,
"width": 215,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "19 Singgih Wibowo dkk, Petunjuk Mendirikan Perusahaan Kecil , Cetakan VII, PT. Penebar Swadaya Anggota IKAPI, Jakarta, 1995, h.3",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 759,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "20 Ibid., h.2",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "232",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Tingginya keterkaitan kekerabatan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Persaingan yang terbatas karena adanya rasa kebersamaan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 137,
"width": 216,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Usaha kecil merupakan usaha yang digunakan untuk mempertahankan hidup dan bukan usaha yang produktif. 21",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 220,
"width": 216,
"height": 507,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isono Sadoko dkk mengatakan, ciri-ciri kelemahan kebijakan usaha kecil yaitu : lebih terlihat sebagai suatu kompensasi atau respon terhadap kesenjangan perhatian, usaha yang lebih besar diperhatikan di- bandingkan usaha kecil. Hal ini menyebabkan program tenggelam dalam kompleksitas birokrasi. Kedua, berdampak melemahkan badan pelayanan kreatif, menyebabkan ketergantungan terhadap sumber dana pemerintah serta tidak mem- bentuk suatu pola pelayanan yang professional. Ketiga, program pengemba- ngan baru diciptakan dan diimplementasi- kan berupa pilot proyek. Dalam waktu yang singkat pilot proyek itu ditingkatkan menjadi program nasional, sedangkan kemampuan kelembagaan belum memadai, keempat, ketidakjelasan fungsi agen pembangunan lembaga perbankan pemerintah. Mereka juga ditugaskan untuk memperkuat fungsi ekonomi dan kesejahteraan anggota KUD, akibatnya tidak dianggapnya KUD sebagai lembaga yang berakar pada rakyat, kelima,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 759,
"width": 139,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "21 Isono Sadoko dkk, op. cit., h.37",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 215,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kurangnya fokus dan mendalami pada akar permasalahan dari usaha kecil, dan keenam, terlalu fokus pada sisi pengadaan di- bandingkan sisi pemasaran. 22",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 157,
"width": 216,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hamid Shahab mengatakan “kegagalan merupakan satu kata yang mengungkapkan fakta tidak menyenangkan dan tidak sesuai dengan harapan, atau tidak mencapai target yang ditetapkan” 23 . Hal ini diperkuat dengan pendapat dari Art Mortell bahwa “kegagalan itu sendiri dapat diartikan sebagai suatu proses pendewasaan” 24 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 323,
"width": 216,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Ek. Alex S. Nitisemito, sebab-sebab kegagalan usaha perusahaan dapat dibagi menjadi dua hal yaitu kegagalan dapat dihindarkan dan kegagalan yang tidak dapat dihindarkan“ 25 Selanjut- nya Ek. Alex S. Nitisemito menyatakan sebab-sebab kegagalan perusahaan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 489,
"width": 215,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Kurang bertahan bila ada kesulitan dan lekas putus asa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 530,
"width": 180,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Kurang ketekunan dan ketelitian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 551,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Kurangnya inisiatif dan kreatif",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 571,
"width": 148,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Tidak jujur dan tidak tepat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 592,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Adanya kekeliruan memilih lapangan usaha",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 634,
"width": 200,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Memulai usaha secara besar-besaran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 690,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "22 Ibid., h.21",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 701,
"width": 120,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "23 Hamid Shahab, op. cit., h.1",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 713,
"width": 215,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "24 Art Mortell, Berani Menghadapi Kegagalan, Terbitan Kesatu , Mitra Usaha, Jakarta, 1995, h.16",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 736,
"width": 215,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "25 Ek. Alex S. Nitisemito, Sebab-sebab Kegagalan Perusahaan , Terbitan Keempat, Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, 1980, h.7",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "233",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 215,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Memulai usaha dengan tidak adanya pengalaman modal pinjaman yang dapat menyebabkan timbulnya kesulitan dan risiko yang besar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 213,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8. Mengambil pinjaman tanpa pertim- bangan yang matang, sehingga me- nyebabkan kesulitan dalam membayar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 220,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9. Kurang menyesuaikan selera konsumen, sehingga menyebabkan kesulitan dalam menjual barang/jasanya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 282,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10. Pelayanan yang kurang baik",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 302,
"width": 216,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "11. Terdapat banyak piutang ragu-ragu, yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian dan menurunnya kualitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 364,
"width": 216,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "12. Terdapat banyak pemborosan dan penyelewengan yang menyebabkan kerugian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 427,
"width": 216,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "13. Kekeliruan dalam penghitungan harga pokok.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 468,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "14. Menyamakan perusahaan dengan badan social.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 509,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "15. Tidak ada pemisahan harta, antara harta pribadi dengan harta perusahaan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 551,
"width": 215,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "16. Sering terjadi kemacetan yang menimbulkan kerugian.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 592,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "17. Kurang adanya pengawasan yang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 613,
"width": 198,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengakibatkan kerugian, kemacetan, dan hilangnya pemasaran. 26",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 747,
"width": 66,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "26 Ibid., h.29-30",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B. Perlindungan Hukum Bagi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 96,
"width": 198,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perusahaan Untuk Meminimalisir Kegagalan Usaha",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 137,
"width": 216,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sudikno Mertokusumo menyatakan, “hukum berfungsi sebagai perlindungan kepentingan manusia. Agar kepentingan manusia terlindungi, hukum harus dilaksanakan. Pelaksanaan hukum dapat berlangsung secara normal, damai, tetapi dapat terjadi juga karena pelanggaran hukum”. 27",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 302,
"width": 216,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Holengraaff memberi pengertian perusahaan sebagaimana dikutip oleh H.N.N Purwosutjipto, “perusahaan adalah keseluruhan perbuatan yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus, bertindak keluar, untuk mendapatkan penghasilan, dengan cara memperniagakan barang-barang, menyerahkan barang-barang, atau mengadakan perjanjian-perjanjian perdaga- ngan” 28 Menurut Wasis sebagaimana dikutip oleh Ali Ridho, “perusahaan adalah suatu bentuk organisasi yang bertujuan mencari laba dengan mempergunakan faktor-faktor produksi menghasilkan barang atau jasa untuk keperluan masyarakat”. 29",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 610,
"width": 216,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BN Marbun mengatakan, “perusahaan kecil ialah perusahaan yang belum dikelola",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 667,
"width": 153,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "27 Sudikno Mertokusumo, op. cit., h.1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 678,
"width": 214,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "28 H.N.N. Purwosutjipto, Pengertian Pokok Hukum Dagang Indonesia, Terbitan Ketujuh, Djambatan, Jakarta, 1988, h.15",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 713,
"width": 215,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "29 Ali Ridho, Hukum Dagang Tentang Prinsip dan Fungsi Asuransi Dalam Lembaga Keuangan, Pasar Modal, Lembaga Pembiayaan Modal Ventura, Dan Asuransi Haji , Terbitan Kesatu, Alumni, Bandung, 1992, h.289",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "234",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "secara atau lewat manajemen modern dengan tenaga-tenaga profesional. Adapun jumlah karyawan dan omset pertahun terkadang tidak begitu jelas, karena sering tergantung situasi dan kondisi”. 30",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 178,
"width": 216,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pasal 6 ayat 1 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang mengatakan, “setiap orang yang menyelenggarakan suatu perusahaan, iapun tentang keadaan kekayaannya dan tentang segala sesuatu berkenaan dengan perusahaan itu diwajibkan, sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan, membuat catatan- catatan dengan cara demikian, sehingga sewaktu-waktu dari catatan-catatan itu dapat diketahui segala hak dan ke- wajibannya”. 31",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 406,
"width": 216,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kewajiban perusahaan antara lain kewajiban membayar pajak, kewajiban kepada karyawan dan kewajiban kepada lingkungan, selanjutnya Singgih Wibowo dkk mengatakan, kewajiban membayar pajak berupa kewajiban daftar perusahaan, perizinan dan membayar pajak sedangkan perusahaan industri, perdagangan dan jasa komersial dikenakan pajak penghasilan, pajak penghasilan final dan pajak pertambahan nilai 1984. Kewajiban kepada karyawan tentang hubungan kerja, upah dan gaji, jam ker dan cuti, keselamatan kerja dan tunjangan-tunjangan, sedangkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 713,
"width": 215,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "30 BN Marbun, Kekuatan & kelemahan Perusahaan Kecil, Terbitan Kedua, PT. Pustaka Binawan Pressindo, Jakarta, 1993, h.2",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 747,
"width": 216,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "31 Pasal 6 ayat 1 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kewajiban kepada lingkungan berkaitan dengan pengaruh perusahaan terhadap lingkungan, dan faktor-faktor yang harus dipertimbangkan antara lain :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 157,
"width": 204,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Jumlah manusia yang terkena dampak",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 178,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Wilayah penyebaran pengaruh dari perusahaan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 220,
"width": 160,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3) Besar dan kecilnya pengaruh",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 240,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4) Sifat kumulatif",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 258,
"width": 180,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5) Sifat reversibel dan irreversibel. 32",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 282,
"width": 216,
"height": 404,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hubungan hukum antara perusahaan pembiayaan dengan perusahaan kecil didasarkan pada perjanjian, dan para pihak harus melaksanakan perjanjian tersebut dengan itikad baik. J. Satrio menyatakan, “itikad baik adalah suatu pengertian yang abstrak dan kalaupun pada akhirnya orang mengerti apa yang dinamakan itikad baik, orang masih sulit merumuskannya, karena- nya lebih baik kita melihat bagaimana orang menafsirkan itikad baik di dalam praktek peradilan”. 33 Perjanjian yang di buat secara sah dan dilaksanakan dengan itikad baik oleh para pihak merupakan salah satu perlindungan hukum bagi perusahaan untuk meminimalisir kegagalan usaha disamping perlindungan hukum lain. Adapun perlindungan hukum lain bagi perusahaan untuk meminimalisir kegagalan usaha sebagaimana menurut Ali Ridho",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 736,
"width": 170,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "32 Singgih Wibowo dkk, op., cit., h. 61-69",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 747,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "33 J. Satrio, Hukum Perjanjian , Terbitan Kesatu, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1992, h.365",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "235",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "bahwa perusahaan itu harus memiliki unsur-unsur sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 116,
"width": 212,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Melakukan perbuatan yang terus- menerus",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 213,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Perbuatan dilakukan secara terang- terangan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 199,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Memiliki suatu legalitas atau kedudukan tertentu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 237,
"width": 202,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Memiliki tujuan untuk mencari laba. 34",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 261,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B.N. Marbun mengatakan, untuk men- capai keberhasilan tersebut perusahaan kecil harus:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 323,
"width": 213,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Mengadakan perencanaan dan menentu- kan sasaran usaha.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 364,
"width": 216,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Menentukan dan mempraktikkan ren- cana kerja tahunan, baik menyangkut omset, biaya operasional, jumlah produksi, dan bentuk promosinya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 447,
"width": 216,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Menentukan biaya pembaharuan, biaya perluasan, biaya asuransi, biaya guna pengembangan karyawan, serta kebija- kan diversifikasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 530,
"width": 215,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Memahami serta mampu membuat ren- cana peminjaman modal pada bank guna memperluas serta mengem- bangkan usahanya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 613,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Merencanakan laba yang dapat dicapai demi perluasan usaha.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 654,
"width": 213,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Mampu menjadi besar dan mempersiap- kan generasi penerus.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 696,
"width": 216,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ek. Alex S. Nitisemito mengatakan, mental yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 759,
"width": 92,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "34 Ali Ridho, Loc. Cit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 72,
"width": 216,
"height": 241,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pengusaha antara lain, “ulet/tak lekas putus asa, tekun/teliti, penuh inisiatif dan kreatif, jujur dan tepat janji”. 35 Selanjutnya menurut Ek. Alex S. Nitisemito bahwa, “ memilih lapangan usaha tidak sampai mengalami kesalahan, maka harus mem- perhatikan pedoman-pedoman: faktor ke- mungkinan masa depan, faktor pemasaran dan persaingan, faktor keuntungan, faktor modal, faktor tenaga kerja, faktor bahan mentah, faktor resiko, faktor fasilitas, faktor psikologis, faktor penguasaan teknis”. 36",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 323,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B.N. Marbun menyatakan, perusahaan kecil sebagai salah satu sendi kehidupan ekonomi Indonesia karena :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 385,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Perusahaan kecil menjadi lapangan pekerjaan bagi banyak rakyat Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 427,
"width": 215,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Perusahaan kecil juga ikut membayar pajak",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 468,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Perusahaan kecil merupakan ujung tombak industri nasional",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 509,
"width": 216,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Perusahaan kecil menjadi pedagang perantara serta pengumpul hasil panen dari petani",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 571,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Perusahaan kecil memproduksi banyak kebutuhan pokok masyarakat. 37",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 613,
"width": 216,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hal tersebut diperkuat oleh Isono Sadoko dkk yang menyatakan, fungsi penting usaha kecil di dalam perekonomian Indonesia antara lain : Usaha kecil tidak hanya menyediakan barang dan jasa bagi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 724,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "35 Ek. Alex S. Nitisemito, op. cit., h.8",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 736,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "36 Ibid., h.10-11",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 759,
"width": 114,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "37 B.N. Marbun, op. cit., h.3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "236",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 383,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "konsumen berdaya beli rendah tetapi juga bagi konsumen dengan daya beli yang lebih tinggi, selain usaha kecil juga menjual bahan baku bagi usaha menengah besar. Usaha kecil mampu menyediakan kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan yang besar bagi rakyat Indonesia, yaitu sebesar 30 juta orang dari 189 juta penduduk Indonesia. Usaha kecil memberikan kontribusi yang tinggi pada perkembangan ekonomi Indonesia dalam sektor per- dagangan, transportasi, dan industry. Usaha kecil memiliki peran penting dalam menghasilkan devisa Negara. Usaha kecil memiliki peran yang strategis yang mengantarai kebijakan pemerintah untuk perkembangan industri dengan teknologi canggih dan kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan. 38",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 468,
"width": 216,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Ke- uangan Nomor 316/KMK.016/1994, “usaha kecil adalah perorangan atau badan usaha yang telah melakukan kegiatan/usaha yang mempunyai penjualan/omzet pertahun setinggi-tingginya Rp 600 juta atau asset/aktiva setinggi-tingginya Rp 600 juta (diluar tanah dan bangunan yang di- tempati)”. 39",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 654,
"width": 216,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berkaitan dengan legalitas perusahaan, maka pemilihan bentuk usaha sangat penting untuk meminimalisir kegagalan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 736,
"width": 139,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "38 Isono Sadoko dkk, Op. Cit., h.4",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 747,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "39 Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 316/KMK.016/1994",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "usaha perusahaan. Singgih Wibowo dkk mengatakan empat faktor dalam memilih bentuk usaha yaitu risiko, sukar atau mudahnya mendapat pinjaman modal, mudah atau sukarnya mendapat bantuan teknis dan konsekuensi apabila usaha dihentikan selain faktor lain yaitu pengumpulan modal, kelangsungan hidup, tanggung jawab anggota, besar pajak, dan kemudahan mendirikan bentuk usaha, oleh sebab itu untuk menentukan bentuk usaha : mengetahui kelemahan, kebaikan dan syarat mendirikan bentuk usaha dan menyeleksi bentuk usaha yang cocok. 40",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 385,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 406,
"width": 216,
"height": 321,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan pembahasan dapat ditarik kesimpulan, bahwa faktor penyebab ke- gagalan usaha perusahaan antara lain para pihak tidak melaksanakan isi perjanjian yang di buat secara sah, ketidakstabilan mutu produk, keliru dalam memilih lapangan usaha, kurang ketekunan, ketelitian dan pengawasan, anggaran yang melampaui batas dan target yang diharapkan tidak tercapai, oleh sebab itu perlindungan hukum bagi perusahaan untuk meminimalisir kegagalan usaha antara lain perjanjian yang di buat harus sah dan dilaksanakan dengan itikad baik, perusahaan memiliki legalitas, atas dasar Pasal 6 ayat 1 Kitab Undang-Undang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 759,
"width": 154,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "40 Singgih Wibowo dkk, op. cit., h. 15",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "237",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 215,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hukum Dagang dan Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 316/KMK.016/1994.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 147,
"width": 111,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 171,
"width": 35,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Buku:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 194,
"width": 216,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marbun, B.N., Kekuatan & Kelemahan Perusahaan Kecil , Terbitan Kedua,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 226,
"width": 180,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PT Pustaka Binaman Pressindo, Jakarta, 1993",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 270,
"width": 216,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mertokusumo, Sudikno, Mengenal Hukum , Terbitan Kesatu, Liberty, Yogyakarta, 1988",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 329,
"width": 216,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mertokusumo, Sudikno, Bab-Bab Tentang Penemuan Hukum , Terbitan Kesatu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 361,
"width": 180,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PT. Citra Aditya Bhakti Bekerja Sama Dengan: Konsorsium Ilmu Hukum, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan dan The Asia Foundation, Yogyakarta, 1993",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 453,
"width": 42,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mortell,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 453,
"width": 76,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Art, Berani",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 453,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menghadapi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 468,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegagalan , Terbitan Kesatu, Mitra",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 484,
"width": 103,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Usaha, Jakarta, 1995",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 512,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nitisemito, Alex S, Ek, Sebab-sebab",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 528,
"width": 180,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegagalan Perusahaan , Terbitan Keempat, Ghalia Indonesia,Jakarta,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 560,
"width": 27,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1980",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 588,
"width": 216,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Purwosutjipto, H.N.N., Pengertian Pokok Hukum Dagang Indonesia , Terbitan Ketujuh, Djambatan, Jakarta, 1988",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 647,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ramadhan, S., Poesoko, H., & Fahamsyah,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 663,
"width": 181,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E. (2020). Karakteristik Perjanjian Pembiayaan oleh Perusahaan Pembiayaan Multiguna. JURNAL",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 711,
"width": 181,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RECHTENS , 9 (2), hlm.110-111. https://doi.org/10.36835/rechtens.v9 i2.789 https://app.dimensions.ai/ details/publication/pub.1134310316",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 75,
"width": 176,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "?search_mode=content&search_text =jurnal%20rechtens&search_type=k ws&search_field=full_search&and_ facet_source_title=jour.1406386",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 150,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ridho, Ali, Hukum Dagang Tentang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 166,
"width": 180,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prinsip Dan Fungsi Asuransi Dalam Lembaga Keuangan, Pasar Modal, Lembaga Pembiayaan Modal Ventura, Dan Asuransi Haji , Terbitan Kesatu, Alumni, Bandung, 1992",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 273,
"width": 216,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Subekti, Hukum Perjanjian , Terbitan Ketigabelas, PT. Intermasa, Jakarta,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 305,
"width": 27,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1991",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 333,
"width": 215,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Shahab, Hamid, Langkah Memperkecil Risiko Dalam Pembangunan , Djambatan, Jakarta, 1996",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 392,
"width": 215,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sadoko dkk, Isono, Pengembangan Usaha Kecil Pemihakan Setengah Hati , Terbitan Kesatu, Yayasan AKATIGA, Bandung, 1995",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 468,
"width": 216,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Satrio, J. Hukum Perjanjian , Terbitan Kesatu, PT. Citra Aditya Bakti,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 500,
"width": 76,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bandung, 1992",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 527,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tri Budiman, N., & Supianto, S. (2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 543,
"width": 181,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penyelesaian Sengketa Kredit Tanpa Agunan Di Kelurahan Patrang Kecamatan Patrang Kabupaten Jember. JURNAL RECHTENS , 10 (2), 215. https://doi.org/10.56013/ rechtens.v10i2.1143 https://app. dimensions.ai/details/publication/pu b.1148574133?search_mode=conten t&search_text=jurnal%20rechtens& search_type=kws&search_field=full _search&and_facet_source_title=jou r.1406386",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "238",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 783,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 216,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wibowo dkk, Singgih, Petunjuk Mendirikan Perusahaan Kecil ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 106,
"width": 180,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cetakan VII, PT. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta, 1995",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 150,
"width": 175,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan Perundang-undangan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 178,
"width": 191,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 206,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 234,
"width": 216,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 61 Tahun 1988 tentang Lembaga Pembiayaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 293,
"width": 216,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2009 tentang Lembaga Pembiayaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 353,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 369,
"width": 181,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Indonesia Nomor 1251/KMK.013/ 1988 tentang Ketentuan Dan Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Lembaga Pembiayaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 444,
"width": 216,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 316/KMK.016/ 1994 tentang Pedoman Pembinaan Usaha kecil dan Koperasi Melalui Pemanfaatan Dana Dari Bagian Laba Badan Usaha Milik Negara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 551,
"width": 216,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 468/KMK.017/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 583,
"width": 181,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1995 tentang Perubahan Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 1251/KMK.013/1988 tentang Ketentuan Dan Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Lembaga Pembiayaan Sebagaimana Telah Diubah Dengan Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 1256/KMK.00/1989",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 722,
"width": 216,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 84/PMK.012/2006 tentang Perusahaan Pembiayaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 75,
"width": 174,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BIODATA SINGKAT PENULIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 105,
"width": 210,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edi Wahjuningati adalah Dosen di Program Studi S1 Ilmu Hukum Fakultas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 147,
"width": 39,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hukum",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 147,
"width": 211,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya sejak tahun 2010. Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Hukum di Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya tahun 1993 dan memperoleh Gelar Magister Humaniora di Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta tahun 1998 dan memperoleh Gelar Magister Kenotariatan di Universitas Airlangga tahun 2013",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
e2a4fddb-defb-e674-af1f-48299085f1f3 | https://jurnal.stiq-amuntai.ac.id/index.php/al-qalam/article/download/1975/846 | [
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "954",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 85,
"width": 254,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan https://jurnal.stiq-amuntai.ac.id/index.php/al-qalam P-ISSN: 1907-4174; E-ISSN: 2621-0681 DOI : 10.35931/aq.v17i2.1975",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 157,
"width": 432,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MEDIA SOSIAL SEBAGAI SOCIAL ENGINEERING UNTUK MEMBENTUK MINDSET MASYARAKAT DALAM PENYELAMATAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 212,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 210,
"top": 225,
"width": 198,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Nalanda [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 253,
"width": 77,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Widia Ningsih",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 267,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Institut Agama Islam Bunga Bangsa Cirebon [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 256,
"top": 295,
"width": 106,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Umar Halim Universitas Pancasila",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 230,
"top": 322,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 336,
"width": 165,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anna Agustina Universitas Pancasila [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 391,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 404,
"width": 436,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami krisis lingkungan hidup yang mengancam kelestarian ekosistem. Persoalan lingkungan merupakan persoalam multidimensional yang melibatkan berbagai kalangan. Isu permasalahan lingkungan menjadi penting karena kualitas lingkungan akan memengaruhi kualitas hidup manusia secara langsung. Oleh karena itu, harus ada perubahan mindset terhadap masyarakat untuk bisa menjaga dan menyelamatkan lingkungan hidup sehingga tidak terjadi krisis lingkungan dan bencana alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana peran penting media sosial dalam membentuk mindset masyarakat untuk penyelamatan lingkungan hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian pustaka (library research). Pada penelitian ini objek data yang dicari oleh peneliti adalah dengan mencari literatur-literatur yang sesuai dengan permasalahan yang diangkat. Peneliti mencari data tentang permasalah lingkungan dan media sosial dalam menjawab permasalahan yang diangkat dengan membaca berbagai referensi yang sesuai. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Salah satu strategi efektif dalam merubah mindset adalah dengan menggunakan media sosial instagram dan facebook. Hal ini dikarenakan facebook dan instagram adalah media yang paling populer dan banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 565,
"width": 269,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Lingkungan Hidup, Social Engineering, Media Sosial",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 589,
"width": 44,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 602,
"width": 436,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia is currently experiencing an environmental crisis that threatens ecosystem sustainability. Environmental problems are multidimensional issues that involve various groups. The issue of environmental problems is important because the quality of the environment will directly affect the quality of human life. Therefore, there must be a change in the mindset of the community to be able to protect and save the environment so that environmental crises and natural disasters do not occur. This study aims to see how important the role of social media is in shaping the mindset of society to save the environment. This research uses a type of library research. In this study, the data object sought by researchers was to search for literature that was in accordance with the issues raised. Researchers are looking for data on environmental issues and social media in answering the issues raised by reading various appropriate references. The results of the study show that one effective strategy for changing mindsets is to use Instagram and Facebook social media. This is because Facebook and Instagram are the most popular media and are widely used by Indonesian people.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 36,
"width": 413,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat, Widia Ningsih, Umar Halim, Anna Agustina: Media Sosial Sebagai Social Engineering untuk Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat dalam Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "955",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 73,
"width": 240,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Environment, Social Engineering, Social Media",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 106,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 125,
"width": 437,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Krisis lingkungan dewasa ini telah menjadi topik hangat perbincangan masyarakat, dan telah dijunjung tinggi oleh hampir semua negara di dunia. Umat manusia menghadapi masalah global yang mengancam kelestarian ekosistem. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan banyaknya bencana alam yang terjadi di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Jika dilihat secara nasional, dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, Indonesia terus menerus dilanda berbagai bencana, seperti banjir, tanah longsor, gempa bumi, kekeringan, perusakan hutan, pencemaran, dll. Pada saat yang sama, kerusakan lingkungan global telah terjadi, mulai dari rusaknya lapisan ozon, pemanasan global, efek rumah kaca, dan perubahan ekologi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 276,
"width": 437,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa sebagian besar dari berbagai kasus lingkungan yang terjadi saat ini di tingkat global dan nasional bersumber dari perbuatan manusia. 1 Apakah manusia melalaikan tanggung jawabnya terhadap lingkungan secara sengaja atau tidak sengaja, dan hanya peduli pada dirinya sendiri. Hal ini terjadi karena manusia tidak menyadari pentingnya moralitas terhadap lingkungan, mereka menganggap alam atau lingkungan tidak bergantung pada moralitas. Oleh karena itu, manusia cenderung melakukan perilaku eksploitatif terhadap lingkungan dan percaya bahwa alam atau lingkungan dapat memperbaiki dirinya sendiri. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan lingkungan tercemar dan rusak sehingga menimbulkan berbagai bencana alam. Manusia adalah penyumbang utama pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa isu lingkungan adalah isu moral dan isu perilaku manusia. Lingkungan bukan hanya masalah teknis. Demikian pula, krisis ekologi global yang kita alami dewasa ini adalah persoalan moral, krisis moral secara global sehingga perlu etika dan moralitas untuk mengatasinya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 523,
"width": 437,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lingkungan hidup merupakan sumber kehidupan manusia, binatang, tumbuhan dan keanekaragaman hayati lainnya. Lingkungan hidup memiliki sistem yang merupakan sistem kehidupan itu sendiri. Manusia dan seluruh entitas kehidupan, dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya selalu bersinggungan dengan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu dalam setiap aspek kegiatan manusia, harus memperhatikan aspek perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan, agar tetap terjaga keseimbangan yang harmonis dalam ekologi. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 637,
"width": 436,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedemikian pentingnya peran dan fungsi lingkungan hidup bagi kehidupan manusia dan seluruh makluk di bumi, maka upaya perlindungan lingkungan hidup merupakan prioritas yang harus dilakukan oleh seluruh umat manusia, agar kelangsungan sistem kehidupan tetap terjaga. Upaya perlindungan lingkungan seharusnya dapat diimplementasikan dalam setiap kegiatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 722,
"width": 303,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 A. S. Keraf, Etika Lingkungan Hidup (Jakarta: Kompas Gramedia, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 733,
"width": 384,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Sutoyo, “Paradigma Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup,” ADIL : Jurnal Hukum 4, no. 1 (2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 36,
"width": 413,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat, Widia Ningsih, Umar Halim, Anna Agustina: Media Sosial Sebagai Social Engineering untuk Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat dalam Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "956",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 73,
"width": 437,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "secara berkelanjutan. Akan tetapi, hal-hal yang terjadi pada kawasan-kawasan ekploitasi sumber daya alam hingga pesisir dan perkotaan, sangat bertolak belakang dengan upaya perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan. Krisis warga akibat memburuknya kualitas lingkungan semakin meluas, bersamaan meluasnya daratan yang diekstraksi minyak dan gasnya, digali mineralnya, ditebang hutannya, hingga dicemarinya waduk, sungai dan laut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 168,
"width": 437,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saat ini, krisis lingkungan sudah sampai kepada tahapan yang mengancam eksistensi bumi sebagai tempat tinggal manusia dan makhluk lain. Krisis yang terjadi saat ini bersumber pada kesalahan fundamental-filosofis dalam cara pandang manusia terhadap dirinya, alam, dan keseluruhan ekosistem. Sebagai akibatnya, kesalahan pola perilaku manusia terutama dalam berhubungan dengan alam. Upaya untuk penyelamatan lingkungan telah banyak dilakukan mulai dari penyadaran kepada masyarakat ( stakeholders ), upaya pembuatan peraturan, kesepakatan nasional dan internasional, undang-undang sampai kepada penegakan hukum, tidak terkecuali penyelamatanpun dilakukan melalui pemanfaatan sains dan teknologi serta program-program teknis lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 339,
"width": 437,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di Indonesia, sejumlah permasalahan lingkungan masih menjadi pekerjaan rumah yang membutuhkan penyelesaian. Persoalan lingkungan merupakan persoalam multidimensional yang melibatkan berbagai kalangan. Isu permasalahan lingkungan menjadi penting karena kualitas lingkungan akan memengaruhi kualitas hidup manusia secara langsung. Selain itu, hal ini menjadi sangat krusial, karena menyangkut kualitas kehidupan di masa depan. Setidaknya ada beberapa permasalahan lingkungan di Indonesia antara lain yaitu; sampah, banjir, pencemaran sungai, rusaknya ekosistem laut, pemanasan global, pencemaran udara, sulitnya air bersih, kerusakan hutan, abrasi dan pencemaran tanah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 491,
"width": 437,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Tahun 2017, Indonesia memproduksi sampah hingga 65 juta ton pada 2016, dan meningkat menjadi 67 ton. 3 Sementara itu, data Pusat Oceanografi LIPI menunjukkan, sekitar 35,15% terumbu karang di Indonesia dalam kondisi tidak baik dan hanya 6,39% dalam kondisi yang sangat baik. Pemanasan global dipicu karena pembakaran batu bara yang mencapai jumlah emisinya per tahun yaitu 9 miliar ton Co2; Adanya konversi lahan dan perusakan hutan dengan jumlah emisi mencapai 2,53 miliar ton Co2e; dan aktivitas dan pemakaian energy, pertanian dan limbah dengan emisi mencapai 451 juta ton Co2. Indonesia juga sejak Tahun 2010 sampai 2017 telah kehilangan luas hutannya hingga lebih dari 684.000 hektar per tahunnya. Sementara, sumber pencemaran laut yaitu limbah domestik mencapai 75%, limbah perkantoran dan daerah komersial mencapai 15% dan limbah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 722,
"width": 436,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Nunu Anugrah, “KLHK: Indonesia Memasuki Era Baru Pengelolaan Sampah,” Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (blog), 2020, http://ppid.menlhk.go.id/siaran_pers/browse/2329.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 36,
"width": 413,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat, Widia Ningsih, Umar Halim, Anna Agustina: Media Sosial Sebagai Social Engineering untuk Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat dalam Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "957",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 73,
"width": 436,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "industri mencapai 10%. Sedangkan, penyebab pencemaran laut yaitu limbah industri, pengecatan kapal, reklamasi, limbah rumah tangga, kegiatan pelabuhan dan pelayaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 111,
"width": 436,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Krisis lingkungan hidup dewasa ini hanya dapat diatasi dengan melakukan perubahan cara pandang dan perilaku manusia terhadap alam secara fundamental dan radikal. Dibutuhkan sebuah pola hidup atau gaya hidup baru yang tidak hanya menyangkut orang per orang. Tetapi juga budaya masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Artinya, dibutuhkan etika lingkungan hidup yang menuntun manusia untuk berinteraksi secara baru dalam alam semesta. Dengan ini mau dikatakan bahwa krisis lingkungan hidup global yang kita alami dewasa ini sebenarnya bersumber pada kesalahan fundamental-filosofis dalam pemahaman cara pandang manusia mengenai dirinya, alam dan tempat manusia dalam keseluruhan ekosistem. 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 263,
"width": 437,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pesatnya pertumbuhan dan kebutuhan manusia dalam menguasai peradaban akhirnya mengesampingkan faktor alam. Sehingga alam dan lingkungan hidup mengalami mengalami pergeseran posisi dalam kehidupan. Manusia yang awalnya mematuhi dan menghargai alam sebagai karunia Tuhan, seiring berkembangnya zaman manusia justru mengeksploitasi alam. Setelah manusia menciptakan mesin-mesin dengan bahan bakar mineral, lambat laun perubahan semakin terlihat dengan jelas. Alam, bumi, lingkungan hidup dan sebagainya menjadi objek oleh manusia untuk dieksploitasi secara besar-besaran. Hal itu menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Oleh karena itu harus ada perubahan mindset terhadap masyarakat untuk bisa menjaga dan menyelamatkan lingkungan hidup sehingga tidak terjadi krisis lingkungan dan bencana alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana peran penting media sosial dalam membentuk mindset masyarakat untuk penyelamatan lingkungan hidup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 491,
"width": 373,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rekayasa Sosial ( Social engineering ) untuk Menyelamatkan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 510,
"width": 437,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada prinsipnya, rekayasa sosial bertujuan untuk mengubah masyarakat ke arah yang diinginkan. Dengan kata lain, rekayasa sosial adalah perubahan sosial yang terencana. Rekayasa sosial mencari teknik dan strategi untuk membuat kehidupan sosial menjadi lebih baik. Rekayasa sosial dilakukan karena situasi sosial tidak berjalan seperti yang diharapkan dan perubahan sosial yang dibawa oleh modernisasi menimbulkan lebih banyak masalah sosial. Perubahan sosial melalui rekayasa sosial harus diawali dengan perubahan pola pikir. Jika kesalahan ideologis masih dilakukan, perubahan sosial tidak akan berjalan ke arah yang direncanakan. Kesalahan dalam berpikir, seperti kebuntuan di antara berbagai kalangan, termasuk ilmuwan, dan adanya mitos yang masih diyakini sebagian orang. 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 710,
"width": 230,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Sutoyo, “Paradigma Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup.”",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 722,
"width": 436,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Jalaludin Rahmat, Rekayasa Sosial: Reformasi, Revolusi, atau Manusia Besar ? (Bandung: Rosdakarya, 1999).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 36,
"width": 413,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat, Widia Ningsih, Umar Halim, Anna Agustina: Media Sosial Sebagai Social Engineering untuk Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat dalam Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "958",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 73,
"width": 437,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rekayasa sosial dilakukan seiring dengan munculnya masalah-masalah sosial. Masalah sosial muncul karena adanya ketidaksesuaian antara harapan ( das sollen ) dan kenyataan ( das sein ). 6 Sebagai contoh, dalam konteks penelitian ini, internet diharapkan dapat menambah pengetahuan dan mendukung proses pendidikan para siswa, namun pada kenyataannya yang diharapkan tidak terwujud, malah terjadi hal sebaliknya dan permasalahan terkait penggunaan internet. Internet muncul. Dalam hal ini, proses rekayasa sosial dapat dimulai dengan perubahan sikap dan nilai pribadi, terutama dalam memahami kehadiran teknologi komunikasi. Rekayasa sosial pada dasarnya adalah bagian dari aksi sosial. Tindakan sosial adalah tindakan kolektif untuk mengurangi atau mengatasi masalah sosial. Dalam penelitian ini rekayasa sosial dijabarkan dengan mengidentifikasi indikator-indikator sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 263,
"width": 418,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Sebab perubahan ( cause of change ): tujuan sosial yang diharapkan memberikan jawaban mengenai problem sosial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 301,
"width": 418,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Sang pelaku perubahan ( agent of change ): individu, kelompok, atau organisasi yang berupaya melakukan rekayasa sosial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 339,
"width": 418,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Sasaran perubahan ( target of change ): individu, kelompok, atau komunitas yang menjadi sasaran rekayasa sosial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 377,
"width": 418,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Saluran perubahan ( channel of change ): media yang digunakan sebagai saluran untuk melakukan rekayasa sosial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 415,
"width": 418,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e. Strategi perubahan ( strategy of change ): metode atau teknik-teknik utama yang digunakan untuk melakukan rekayasa sosial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 472,
"width": 437,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rekayasa sosial merupakan campur tangan atau seni memanipulasi sebuah gerakan ilmiah dari visi ideal tertentu yang ditujukan untuk mempengaruhi perubahan sosial, bisa berupa kebaikan maupun keburukan dan juga bisa berupa kejujuran, bisa pula berupa kebohongan. Perubahan sosial yang dilakukan karena munculnya problem-problem sosial sebagai adanya perbedaan antara das sollen (yang seharusnya) dengan das sein (yang nyata). Tindakan kolektif untuk memecahkan masalah sosial ( collective action to solve social problems ). Biasanya ditandai dengan perubahan bentuk dan fungsionalisasi kelompok, lembaga atau tatanan sosial yang penting. Dibanding dengan perencanaan sosial (social planning), ia lebih luas atau lebih pragmatis, sebab sebuah rekayasa selalu mengandung perencanaan, tetapi tidak semua perencanaan diimplementasikan hingga terimplementasikan di alam nyata. Begitu pula jika dibandingkan dengan manajemen perubahan (change management), ia memiliki makna lebih pasti, sebab jika obyek dari manajemen dapat ditafsirkan sebagai perubahan dalam arti luas,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 733,
"width": 67,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Rahmat, h. 55.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 36,
"width": 413,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat, Widia Ningsih, Umar Halim, Anna Agustina: Media Sosial Sebagai Social Engineering untuk Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat dalam Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "959",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 73,
"width": 436,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sedangkan obyek dari rekayasa sosial sudah jelas, yakni perubahan sosial menuju suatu tatanan dan sistem baru sesuai dengan apa yang dikehendaki sang perekayasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 111,
"width": 437,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perubahan sosial dapat dicapai dengan mengatur strategi pendidikan ulang. Normatif adalah kata sifat dari norma, artinya aturan-aturan (norma sosial) yang berlaku bagi masyarakat, sedangkan re-edukasi diartikan sebagai pendidikan ulang, menanamkan dan mengganti cara berpikir lama dalam masyarakat dengan cara berpikir baru. Sifat strategi perubahan lambat dan bertahap. Metode atau strategi yang digunakan bersifat mendidik, yaitu mengubah tidak hanya perilaku yang terjadi, tetapi juga keyakinan dan nilai-nilai orang yang diubah. Strategi perubahan sosial lainnya adalah strategi persuasi. Strategi tersebut dilakukan dengan membentuk opini dan opini, seringkali menggunakan media sosial dan propaganda. Metode atau strategi yang digunakan adalah persuasi, yaitu upaya untuk mewujudkan perubahan perilaku yang diinginkan oleh agen pembaru dengan mengidentifikasi objek-objek sosial dalam keyakinan atau nilai-nilai agen pembaru dengan bahasa sebagai media utamanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 320,
"width": 437,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Efektivitas teori persuasif sangat bergantung pada media yang dipergunakan. Media itu dibagi dua; (1) media pengaruh (media komunikasi yang digunakan pelaku perubahan untuk mencegah sasaran perubahan), dan (2) media respon (media yang digunakan oleh sasaran perubahan dalam menggulingkan tanggapan mereka), keduanya dapat menggunakan media sosial atau saluran-saluran interpersonal. Dan yang terakhir adalah people’s power (revolusi). Merupakan bagian dari power strategy (strategi perubahan sosial dengan kekuasaan), revolusi ini merupakan puncak dari semua bentuk perubahan sosial, karena ia menyentuh segenap sudut dan dimensi sosial secara radikal, massal, cepat, dan mengundang gejolak intelektual dan emosional dari semua orang yang terlibat di dalamnya. Cara atau taktik yang digunakan berbentuk paksaan (memaksa) dengan kekuasaan, yakni upaya menimbulkan kepasrahan behavoral atau kerjasama pada sasaran perubahan melalui penggunaan sanksi yang dikendalikan agen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 548,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 567,
"width": 436,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan ( library research ) yang dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan literatur (kepustakaan), baik berupa buku, catatan, maupun laporan hasil penelitian terdahulu. 7 Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu dengan menekankan analisisnya pada proses penyimpulan komparasi serta pada analisis terhadap dinamika hubungan fenomena yang diamati dengan menggunakan logika ilmiah. 8 Penelitian kualitatif merupakan salah satu prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 722,
"width": 337,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 I. Hasan, Analisis Data Penelitian Dengan Statistik (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2008).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 733,
"width": 294,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 S. Azmar, Metode Penelitian (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2001), h. 5.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 36,
"width": 413,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat, Widia Ningsih, Umar Halim, Anna Agustina: Media Sosial Sebagai Social Engineering untuk Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat dalam Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "960",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 71,
"width": 437,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis dan prilaku dari orang-orang yang diamati. 9 Pada penelitian ini objek data yang dicari oleh peneliti adalah dengan mencari literatur-literatur yang sesuai dengan permasalahan yang diangkat. Peneliti mencari data tentang permasalah lingkungan dan media sosial dalam menjawab permasalahan yang diangkat dengan membaca berbagai referensi yang sesuai. Penelitian kepustakaan merupakan penelaahan terhadap data-data pustaka yang dapat memberikan solusi atau jawaban terkait dengan masalah yang diteliti. Melalui penelitian pustaka dapat memberi hasil dari apa yang dicari melalui sumber-sumber data yang digunakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 225,
"width": 144,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 244,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Pentingnya Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 263,
"width": 437,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melindungi lingkungan adalah kebutuhan mendesak, tidak hanya menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah atau pemimpin negara, tetapi juga tanggung jawab setiap manusia di planet ini, dari yang sangat muda hingga yang tua. Setiap orang harus berkontribusi dalam perlindungan lingkungan sekitar sesuai dengan kemampuannya masing-masing. Bahkan upaya terkecil yang kita lakukan dapat sangat membantu untuk mencapai planet yang layak huni bagi anak cucu kita. Sebagai warga negara yang baik, masyarakat harus memperhatikan perlindungan lingkungannya sesuai dengan kemampuannya. Beberapa upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh masyarakat terkait dengan pelestarian lingkungan antara lain: konservasi tanah dan konservasi udara, salah satunya dengan fokus pada pengelolaan mandiri limbah rumah tangga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 434,
"width": 437,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia melakukan perlindungan lingkungan hidup dengan mengacu pada Undang- Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1997, yang menyebutkan bahwa perlindungan lingkungan hidup adalah serangkaian upaya untuk melindungi lingkungan hidup dari perubahan tekanan dan/atau dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh kegiatan, agar tetap dapat mendukung kehidupan manusia dan makhluk hidup. . lainnya. Salah satu upaya konservasi untuk menyelamatkan lingkungan adalah dengan menciptakan pola pikir di masyarakat itu sendiri, menyadarkan masyarakat akan pentingnya menjaga dan menyelamatkan lingkungan agar tidak terjadi krisis di masa mendatang. Upaya untuk menciptakan mentalitas masyarakat dapat dilakukan melalui rekayasa sosial dengan menggunakan media sosial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 605,
"width": 436,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melindungi lingkungan adalah kebutuhan mendesak, tidak hanya menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah atau pemimpin negara, tetapi juga tanggung jawab setiap manusia di planet ini, dari yang sangat muda hingga yang tua. Melindungi lingkungan adalah kebutuhan mendesak, tidak hanya bagi pemerintah atau pemimpin negara, tetapi bagi setiap manusia di planet ini, mulai dari balita hingga lanjut usia. Setiap orang harus melakukan sesuatu untuk melindungi lingkungan di sekitar kita, Kita semua mendapatkan apa yang kita butuhkan. Tidak peduli berapa banyak upaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 733,
"width": 318,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 Pupu Saeful Rahmat, “Penelitian Kualitatif,” EQUILIBRIUM 5, no. 9 (2009).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 36,
"width": 413,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat, Widia Ningsih, Umar Halim, Anna Agustina: Media Sosial Sebagai Social Engineering untuk Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat dalam Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "961",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 73,
"width": 437,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang kita lakukan, itu akan sangat membantu untuk menciptakan planet yang layak huni untuk generasi mendatang, dan meningkatkan kesadaran akan kelestarian lingkungan adalah langkah cerdas yang harus dimiliki setiap orang. Menumbuhkan kesadaran manusia akan kelestarian lingkungan bukanlah tugas yang mudah karena terkait dengan faktor kepentingan individu, kelompok atau kelompok dan pada akhirnya bermuara pada persoalan material. Kesadaran akan kelestarian lingkungan seringkali digerogoti oleh kepentingan individu dan kelompok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 187,
"width": 437,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menumbuhkan kesadaran diri manusia akan pentingnya kelestarian lingkungan hidup adalah pekerjaan yang sulit dan berat, namun harus terus diupayakan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat ditempuh adalah dengan memberikan pengarahan dan pembelajaran akan pentingnya kelestarian hidup sejak dini lewat lingkungan pembelajaran, baik di rumah, di sekolah maupun di masyarakat luas. Oleh karena itu, tiap-tiap individu itu berhak dan berkewajiban untuk menjaga lingkungan di sekitarnya, seperti tidak membuang sampah sembarangan, melek sampah yang mana yang dapat di daur ulang dan mana yang tidak bisa, efisien di dalam menggunakan aneka produk yang bersumber langsung dari alam seperti kertas atau bahan bakar yang dihasilkan dari minyak bumi atau fosil.Disiplin diri juga dapat diterapkan di dalam pola kehidupan sehari-hari khususnya di dalam penyediaan kebutuhan sehari-hari, seperti selalu membeli produk yang dapat didaur ulang atau kemasan isi ulang, membeli barang-barang yang hemat energi bahkan lebih baik jika hemat energi. Dan masih banyak lagi hal sepele yang dapat dilakukan sehari-hari di dalam upaya menjaga kelestarian alam dan lingkungan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 434,
"width": 437,
"height": 294,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lingkungan hidup mempunyai konsep sentral dalam ekologi yang disebut ekosistem, yaitu mempunyai hubungan antara komponen-komponen dan bekerja secara teratur sebagai suatu kesatuan. Tanpa perbuatan atau campur tangan manusia yang berlebihan sesungguhnya sikluss alam akan tetap. Karena kerusakan oleh alam sendiri, dapat dikembalikan lagi oleh alan secara alami. Tetapi kerusakan oleh manusia sulit untuk dikembalikan lagi oleh alam, bahkan tidak akan sama lagi seperti semula.Semakin berkembangnya industri di berbagai negara, masalah lingkungan hidup tampaknya memerlukan perhatian lebih, khususnya dari negara industri.Masalah lingkungan hidup bukan hanya dirasakan oleh negara-negara maju saja, namun juga pada negara-negara berkembang.Bahkan, pada negara-negara berkembang persoalan lingkungan memberikan dampak yang lebih parah.Upaya pemerintah untuk mewujudkan kehidupan adil dan makmur bagi rakyatnya tanpa harus menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan ditindaklanjuti dengan menyusun program pembangunan berkelanjutan yang sering disebut sebagai pembangunan berwawasan lingkungan.Pembangunan berwawasan lingkungan adalah usaha meningkatkan kualitas manusia secara bertahap dengan memerhatikan faktor lingkungan.Pembangunan berwawasan lingkungan dikenal dengan nama Pembangunan Berkelanjutan/Sustainable Development.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 36,
"width": 413,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat, Widia Ningsih, Umar Halim, Anna Agustina: Media Sosial Sebagai Social Engineering untuk Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat dalam Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "962",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 73,
"width": 437,
"height": 295,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lingkungan hidup mempunyai konsep sentral dalam ekologi yang disebut ekosistem, yaitu mempunyai hubungan antara komponen-komponen dan bekerja secara teratur sebagai suatu kesatuan. Tanpa perbuatan atau campur tangan manusia yang berlebihan sesungguhnya sikluss alam akan tetap. Karena kerusakan oleh alam sendiri, dapat dikembalikan lagi oleh alan secara alami. Tetapi kerusakan oleh manusia sulit untuk dikembalikan lagi oleh alam, bahkan tidak akan sama lagi seperti semula.Semakin berkembangnya industri di berbagai negara, masalah lingkungan hidup tampaknya memerlukan perhatian lebih, khususnya dari negara industri.Masalah lingkungan hidup bukan hanya dirasakan oleh negara-negara maju saja, namun juga pada negara-negara berkembang.Bahkan, pada negara-negara berkembang persoalan lingkungan memberikan dampak yang lebih parah.Upaya pemerintah untuk mewujudkan kehidupan adil dan makmur bagi rakyatnya tanpa harus menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan ditindaklanjuti dengan menyusun program pembangunan berkelanjutan yang sering disebut sebagai pembangunan berwawasan lingkungan.Pembangunan berwawasan lingkungan adalah usaha meningkatkan kualitas manusia secara bertahap dengan memerhatikan faktor lingkungan.Pembangunan berwawasan lingkungan dikenal dengan nama Pembangunan Berkelanjutan/Sustainable Development.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 396,
"width": 403,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Media Sosial sebagai Social Engineering dalam Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 415,
"width": 437,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media sosial merupakan perangkat yang berbasis online yang membantu dan dipakai untuk saling berhubungan atau berkomunikasi tanpa tatap muka, dengan memakai kecanggihan teknologi yang berbasis web yang dapat mengubah komunikasi langsung menjadi tak langsung. 10 Aplikasi social media yang terkenal saat ini dikalangan masyarakat yaitu Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Tiktok, Snapchat, YouTube, Google, Blogspot, dan lain-lain. Media sosial yang menggunakan internet merupakan media yang dirancang untuk mempermudah orang-orang untuk berinteraksi antara satu sama lain dengan cara tidak langsung, dan menggunakan jaringan internet dengan cara mengubah informasi dari media monologue ke media sosial dialogue. 11 Media sosial merupakan media untuk berinteraksi sosial, berkomunikasi dengan mudah dengan orang lain dan media yang mudah diakses oleh siapapun. 12 Masyarakat sekarang sudah menjadikan media sosial sebagai kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Tanpa media sosial menjadikan pekerjaan manusia menjadi terhambat. Hal ini dapat dilihat karena masyarakat Indonesia lebih sering mengunjungi situs-situs media sosial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 676,
"width": 435,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 Fahlepi Roma Doni-AMIK BSI Purwokerto, “Perilaku Penggunaan Smartphone Pada Kalangan Remaja,” Speed - Sentra Penelitian Engineering Dan Edukasi 9, no. 2 (2012).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 699,
"width": 436,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11 Dian Nurvita Sari dan Abdul Basit, “Media Sosial Instagram Sebagai Media Informasi Edukasi,” Persepsi: Communication Journal 3, no. 1 (2020).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 722,
"width": 436,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12 Triastuti dkk., Kajian Dampak Penggunaan Media Sosial Bagi Anak dan Remaja (Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Komunikasi UI, 2017).",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 36,
"width": 413,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat, Widia Ningsih, Umar Halim, Anna Agustina: Media Sosial Sebagai Social Engineering untuk Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat dalam Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "963",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 73,
"width": 437,
"height": 333,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara kontek media sosial dapat dipahami sebagai Alat untuk mentransformasikan segala bentuk informasi yang mungkin muncul, manfaat media sosial adalah membantu semua orang berkomunikasi di seluruh dunia, konektivitas internet adalah faktor utama yang menghubungkan komunikasi media sosial, bahkan media sosial favorit pun dapat mempermudah bagi orang untuk berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi secara online. Media sosial juga dapat membantu orang memahami dunia dengan mudah dan cepat, serta mempelajari perkembangan di dunia. Media sosial yang berkembang saat ini tidak terlepas dari sebagian teknologi yang ada, jika manusia tidak dapat memanfaatkannya dengan baik, maka media sosial seperti facebook, twitter, grup WhatsApp, dll akan menjadi momok pengguna itu sendiri, namun sebaliknya jika menggunakan media sosial Sebagai media untuk memudahkan manusia mendapatkan informasi positif atau memberikan informasi yang bermanfaat, media sosial merupakan hal yang sangat bermanfaat, dengan adanya media tersebut orang akan mudah memperoleh informasi dan dapat memberikan informasi apa saja dengan cepat. Di sisi lain banyak kemanfaatan yang bisa diambil oleh pengguna, karena setiap pengguna dapat menjalin komunikasi dengan kolega, sahabat, saudara dengan cepat dan mudah, efisien waktu dan tenaga, hal seperti inilah yang harus dipahami oleh setiap pengguna. Berbeda dengan media tradisional klasik membutuhkan biaya yang banyak, membutuhkan waktu yang lama contohnya seperti media berupa surat kabar yang tradisional atau media cetak berupa koran dan majalah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 415,
"width": 437,
"height": 257,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peran media sebagai pencerah masyarakat atau sebagai media pendidikan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahan sosial dari aspek perubahan pola pikir masyarakat. Perubahan sosial dari aspek perubahan pola pikir ditandai dengan adanya pola pikir baru dari masyarakat tersebut. Perubahan sikap diawali dari perubahan pola pikir masyarakat. Media sebagai pendidik dalam penyampaian informasinya menyesuaikan dengan khalayak yang heterogen dan berbagai sosio ekonomi, kultural dan lainnya agar penyampaian informasi tersebut dapat diterima oleh masyarakat. Perubahan pola pikir ini sebagai proses pembangunan bangsa dan karakter bangsa Indonesia yang diharapkan pada masa depan. Dengan hadirnya media sosial sebagai teknologi baru, tentu saja cara hidup manusia juga akan mengalami perubahan. Beberapa perubahan adalah semakin efektif dan efisiennya manusia dalam memperoleh informasi. 13 Maka masyarakat akan semakin tergantung dengan media sosial, dan hal ini akan mempengaruhi kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Mengakses media sosial setiap saat telah menjadi kebutuhan manusia yang baru untuk selalu mengupdate informasi,karena media sosialtelah menjadi sumber informasi yang lebih aktual dibandingkan media lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 680,
"width": 437,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Walter Lippmann mengemukakan bahwa world outside and pictures in our heads media , menurutnya adalah pembentuk makna ( the meaning construction of the press ); bahwasanya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 733,
"width": 390,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 A. N. Abrar, Teknologi Komunikasi: Perspektif Ilmu Komunikasi (Yogyakarta: LESFL, 2003).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 36,
"width": 413,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat, Widia Ningsih, Umar Halim, Anna Agustina: Media Sosial Sebagai Social Engineering untuk Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat dalam Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "964",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 73,
"width": 437,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "interpretasi media sosial terhadap berbagai peristiwa secara radikal dapat mengubah interpretasi orang tentang suatu realitas dan pola tindakan mereka. Realitas yang ada di media adalah realitas simbolik karena realitas yang sebenarnya tak dapat disentuh ( untouchable ). Kemampuan yang dimiliki media sosial untuk menentukan realitas di benak khalayak, kemudian dimamfaatkan untuk kepentingan menciptakan opini publik (propaganda politik, promosi, public relations.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 168,
"width": 437,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peran media sosial sebagai pendorong perubahan prilaku masyarakat yang sadar akan konservasi tumbuhan menjadi sangat penting untuk mempersuasi dan mengedukasi masyarakat agar peduli akan kesehatan lingkungan dengan mengkonservasi tumbuhan. Pemilihan media sosial dan pesan yang disampaikan kepada masyarakat yang tepat akan sangat efektif untuk menyampaikan informasi sekaligus mengedukasi masyarakat untuk berprilaku peduli akan lingkungan dengan konservasi tumbuhan. Adapun media sosial yang paling efektif yang digunakan untuk membentuk mindset masyarakat adalah facebook dan instagram. Hal ini karena dari data penggunaan media sosial terpopuler di Indonesia, facebook dan instagram menduduki posisi teratas seperti terlihat pada gambar di bawah ini;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 190,
"top": 577,
"width": 275,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Penggunaan Media Sosial Terpopuler di Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 615,
"width": 437,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dilihat dari survei Indonesian Digital Report 2022 yang dilakukan oleh Hootsuite (We are social) di atas dapat dilihat jika di Indonesia media sosial yang paling banyak digunakan salah satunya adalah instagram dengan 84,8% dan facebook 81,3%. Facebook dan instagram merupakan salah satu media paling populer dan paling banyak di gunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Oleh karenanya media tersebut dinilai efektif dalam menyampaikan informasi dan sangatlah tepat dipilih sebagai social engineering dalam membentuk mindset masyarakat terkait penyelamatan lingkungan hidup. Media sosial sebagai jendela, petunjuk arah serta filter bisa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 36,
"width": 413,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurul Hidayat, Widia Ningsih, Umar Halim, Anna Agustina: Media Sosial Sebagai Social Engineering untuk Membentuk Mindset Masyarakat dalam Penyelamatan Lingkungan Hidup",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 760,
"width": 325,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No. 2 Maret - April 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "965",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 73,
"width": 436,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dipergunakan dengan sebaik mungkin untuk memperkuat argument kampanye tentang penyelamatan lingkungan hidup sehingga bisa lebih mudah mengedukasi khalayak ramai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 131,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 149,
"width": 437,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulannya adalah peran media sosial terutama facebook dan instagram sebagai social engineering dalam mendorong perubahan mindset dan prilaku masyarakat melalui penyebaran informasi tentang upaya menjaga lingkungan sangat penting untuk penyelamatan lingkungan hidup. Media sosial sebagai pendukung perubahan prilaku perubahan masyarakat untuk peduli akan konservasi tumbuhan dan yang terakhir media sebagai pendidik bagi masyarakat dan khalayak ramai secara meluas. Dengan hadirnya media sosial sebagai teknologi baru, tentu saja cara hidup manusia juga akan mengalami perubahan mulai dari budaya dan tingkah laku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 320,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 339,
"width": 414,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abrar, A. N. Teknologi Komunikasi: Perspektif Ilmu Komunikasi . Yogyakarta: LESFL, 2003.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 355,
"width": 437,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anugrah, Nunu. “KLHK: Indonesia Memasuki Era Baru Pengelolaan Sampah.” Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (blog), 2020. http://ppid.menlhk.go.id/siaran_pers/browse/2329.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 402,
"width": 291,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Azmar, S. Metode Penelitian . Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2001.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 420,
"width": 360,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasan, I. Analisis Data Penelitian Dengan Statistik . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2008.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 439,
"width": 322,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keraf, A. S. Etika Lingkungan Hidup . Jakarta: Kompas Gramedia, 2010.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 458,
"width": 437,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Purwokerto, Fahlepi Roma Doni-AMIK BSI. “Perilaku Penggunaan Smartphone Pada Kalangan Remaja.” Speed - Sentra Penelitian Engineering Dan Edukasi 9, no. 2 (2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 487,
"width": 436,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmat, Jalaludin. Rekayasa Sosial: Reformasi, Revolusi, atau Manusia Besar ? Bandung: Rosdakarya, 1999.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 518,
"width": 346,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmat, Pupu Saeful. “Penelitian Kualitatif.” EQUILIBRIUM 5, no. 9 (2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 536,
"width": 436,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sari, Dian Nurvita, dan Abdul Basit. “Media Sosial Instagram Sebagai Media Informasi Edukasi.” Persepsi: Communication Journal 3, no. 1 (2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 568,
"width": 436,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sutoyo. “Paradigma Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup.” ADIL : Jurnal Hukum 4, no. 1 (2013). Triastuti dkk. Kajian Dampak Penggunaan Media Sosial Bagi Anak dan Remaja . Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Komunikasi UI, 2017.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
e87d5574-93d0-b6dd-bf50-a2d305ae9bb3 | https://j-cup.org/index.php/cendekia/article/download/115/89 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 452,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2579-9258 Journal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika P-ISSN : 2614-3038 Volume 03, No. 02, Agustus 2019, pp. 341-350",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 798,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "341",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 82,
"width": 419,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR DAN LKS BERBASIS GENERATIVE MULTI-REPRESENTATION LEARNING (GMRL) UNTUK PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR ALJABAR",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 150,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mhmd Habibi 1 , Darhim 2 , Turmudi 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 162,
"width": 387,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci, Jalan Kapten Muradi Kota Sungai Penuh, Jambi. 37112 - Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 173,
"width": 374,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2,3 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung 40154 Jawa Barat - Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 218,
"width": 37,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 230,
"width": 454,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study aims to develop teaching materials and Student Work Sheets (SWS) based on GMRL to improve the ability to think algebra. The method used in this study is the development method established by the Instructional Development Institute, which contains three major stages: defining, developing, and evaluating. The research results showed that the learning materials and worksheets developed had fulfill valid criteria and had a high level of openness, and could be us mathematics learning specifically in material about algebra.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 287,
"width": 259,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: thinking algebra, research development, IDI, GMRL",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 312,
"width": 35,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 323,
"width": 454,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar dan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) berbasis GMRL untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir aljabar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengembangan dengan prosedur sebagaimana ditetapkan oleh Instructional Development Institute, yang meliputi tiga tahapan besar: define, develop dan,evaluate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar dan LKS yang dikembangkan telah memnuhi kriteria valid dan memiliki tingkat keterbacaan tinggi, serta dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika khususnya dalam materi yang berkaitan dengan aljabar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 392,
"width": 259,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: berpikir aljabar, development research, IDI, GMRL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 423,
"width": 454,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Memasuki era revolusi industri 4.0 (four point zero) atau juga dikenal dengan Internet of Things (IoT), tuntutan skill akademis formal khususnya Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) menjadi salah satu prasyarat untuk dapat bersaing dalam tantangan hidup yang semakin dinamis. Selanjutnya jika merunut pada skill STEM tersebut, dapat dikatakan bahwa matematika merupakan salah satu unsur basic sekaligus unsur mutakhir yang menjadi penopang berkembangnya unsur Science, Technology, and Engineering. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa matematika merupakan skill mutlak yang harus dimiliki generasi yang hidup di era ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 556,
"width": 454,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menguasai matematika bukanlah perkara yang sederhana untuk dilakukan. Hal itu karena luas dan kompleksnya bidang kajian matematika, mulai dari arimetika sederhana, kalkulus, geometri, trigonometri, analisis, statistik, kombinatorik, hingga terapan-terapan matematika yang beragam wilayahnya. Menguasai matematika juga memerlukan skill tertentu yang harus dibangun secara bertahap melalui fenomena-fenomena matematis yang tersusun dalam setiap langkah-langkah pembelajarannya. Salah satu skill matematis yang menjadi unsur penting dalam membangun pengetahuan dan pemahaman matematis yang kompleks tersebut adalah kemampuan berpikir aljabar (Kaput 2005; Vennerush, et.al, 2005; Jupri, 2015, Muthmainnah, et.al, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 708,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berpikir aljabar secara sederhana adalah kemampuan menyelesaikan persoalan matematis yang tidak lagi melibatkan kuantitas-kuantitas tertentu dengan menggunakan sifat dan aturan tertentu yang bersifat struktural (Sfard, 1991; Kieran, 2004; Kaput, 2005). Sebagai contoh sederhana, Jika siswa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 452,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "342 Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, Volume 03, No. 02, Agustus 2019, pp . 341-350",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 76,
"width": 454,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "diminta untuk menyelesaikan: 1 + 2 + 3 = ..., maka secara aritmetik hal tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan mudah. Namun jika siswa diminta untuk menentukan hasil dari: 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 99 = ..., maka hal tersebut tidak dapat lagi dilakukan dengan metode aritmetika sepenuhnya. Meski seorang guru dapat memberikan jawaban dengan menggunakan Rumus: Sn=(a+U_n ) n/2, dengan hasil akhir 4950, namun proses penarikan kesimpulan seperti tersebut harus tumbuh bersamaan dalam skema kognitif siswa. Penarikan kesimpulan (disertai dengan pemahaman) yang terjadi dalam skema kognitif dan kemudian dituangkan ke dalam bentuk penyelesaian tersebut dinamakan berpikir aljabar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 219,
"width": 454,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aljabar telah menjadi perhatian khusus dalam bidang matematika. Sejak abad ke-9 saat matematika berkembang di Arab, oleh matematikawan terkenal Al-Khawarizmi, aljabar telah dilihat sebagai pemecahan masalah-masalah matematika, terutama dalam hal persamaan matematika (Kieran, 2004). Sekarang aljabar telah dikenalkan kepada siswa dalam usia yang relatif dini yakni pada kelas tujuh (Vennerush, Marquez & Larsen, 2005). Siswa tidak perlu menunggu hingga dewasa untuk mempelajari aljabar. Pelajaran aljabar dapat segera mereka dapatkan ketika menyelesaikan aritmetika (Kieran, 2004). Hal ini tentunya menimbulkan banyak masalah dalam mengajarkan aljabar, karena materi aljabar “melakukan lompatan” yang sangat tinggi dari aritmetika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 371,
"width": 454,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengajarkan matematika dengan konsep-konsep mendasar pada kelas awal dapat dilakukan dengan mengorganisir kurikulum atau bahan ajar yang mampu memfasilitasi daya dan gaya berpikir siswa sedemikian rupa sehingga pemahaman yang diharapkan muncul dalam diri siswa (Fong, 2004; Ovez & Uyangor, 2012). Antara materi, seting pembelajaran dan kemampuan guru merupakan satu kesatuan yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan dalam pembelajaran matematika. Materi bahan ajar harus benar-benar memperlihatkan lintasan belajar secara utuh agar segala yang termuat dalam bahan ajar dapat saling mendukung dan menguatkan. Karena bahan ajar saat ini belum dapat memberikan pengalaman belajar yang berarti bagi siswa untuk memahami aljabar (Kaput & Blanton, 2005). Itu artinya, jika materi aljabar pada kelas-kelas awal tidak dikelola dengan baik, maka dapat dipastikan siswa akan banyak menemui kesulitan pada tingkatan berikutnya (Alghtani & Abdulhamied, 2010). Selain itu, keterampilan guru dalam mengajarkan aljabar juga harus terus dibenahi (Hallagan, 2004; Blanton & Kaput: 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 598,
"width": 454,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam upaya untuk menciptakan suatu media belajar, khususnya bahan ajar dan LKS, pendekatan teoritis sangat perlu dilakukan agar penyajian materi dalam bahan ajar tersebut tersampaikan dengan baik. Dewasa ini terdapat teori model belajar yang dirancang khusus untuk pembelajaran yang terkait dengan kemampuan berfikir aljabar yaitu Generative Multi-Representation Learning (GMRL). Model GMRL ini merupakan model belajar yang dikembangkan dari pembelajaran generatif dan multi-representasi (Habibi, et.al, 2018). Dengan memasukkan teori model belajar ke dalam bahan ajar diharapkan bahan ajar yang dihasilkan mampu mengatasi persoalan pembelajaran matematika seperti kemampuan berpikir aljabar, berpikir abstrak dan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 454,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Dan LKS Berbasis Generative Multi-Representation Learning (GMRL) untuk Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Aljabar, Mhmd Habibi, Darhim, Turmudi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 49,
"width": 13,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "343",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": 384,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "belum valid",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 185,
"width": 79,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisa Kebutuhan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 196,
"width": 171,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "✓ Wawancara dengan guru-guru bidang studi matematika/termasuk teman",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 221,
"width": 99,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sejawat, dan juga siswa.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 231,
"width": 151,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "✓ Anlisis buku teks pelajaran yang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 185,
"width": 359,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "digunakan Hasil Analisis pendahuluan digunakan sebagai pertimbangan merancang bahan belajar dan LKS Merancang Prototipe bahan belajar dan LKS yang menunjang berkembangnya kemampuan berpikir aljabar Validasi dari ahli /Uji Keterbacaan Valid Bahan belajar dan LKS yang valid dan pratikal, Yang mampu mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir aljabar",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 383,
"width": 31,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Revisi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 94,
"width": 452,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada Model Pengembangan instructional depelovment institute (IDI) (Akker & Plomp, 1994), rancangan pengembangan bahan belajar dan LKS ini dibagi atas tiga tahap, yaitu: (1) define (analisis kebutuhan); (2) develop (tahap prototipe); (3) evaluate (tahap penilaian). Proses pengembangan bahan belajar dan LKS disajikan pada Gambar 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 417,
"width": 292,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Skema Prosedur Penyusunan Bahan Belajar dan LKS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 446,
"width": 430,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari Gambar 1 dapat diuraikan prosedur pengembangan bahan belajar dan LKS sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 465,
"width": 132,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Define (analisis kebutuhan)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 484,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap analisis kebutuhan (needs assesment) dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang kondisi di lapangan. Tahap ini juga biasa disebut sebagai tahap analisis muka belakang (front-end analisys). Pada tahap ini, dilakukan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 541,
"width": 455,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(1) Wawancara dengan Guru, Wawancara dengan Guru bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena yang terjadi dilapangan mencakup masalah dan hambatan yang berhubungan dengan pembelajaran matematika khususnya materi yang menuntut kemampuan berikir aljabar. Sedangkan wawancara dengan siswa bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang pembelajaran yang bagaimana, serta bhan ajar dan LKS seperti apa yang mereka sukai. (2) Menganalisis Silabus Mata Pelajaran Matematika, Analisa ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah materi yang diajarkan sudah sesuai dengan standar kelulusan dan kompetensi dasar mata pelajaran. (3) Manganlisis Buku Teks Pelajaran Matematika, Sebelum merancang media pembelajaran yang berbentuk modul seperti yang direncanakan, terlebih dahulu dilakukan kegiatan analisis terhadap berbagai buku teks yang digunakan. Proses analisa ini dilakukan untuk melihat struktur isi dari buku teks pelajaran tersebut, apakah sudah dapat memenuhi kebutuhan belajar siswa. (4) Menelaah Literatur yang Berkaitan dengan Pembelajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 452,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "344 Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, Volume 03, No. 02, Agustus 2019, pp . 341-350",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 76,
"width": 452,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Generative multi represetasi dan Berpikir Aljabar. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menghindari kesalahan- kealahan operasional yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya disorientasi pada produk yang dihasilkan. Develop (tahap prototipe)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 133,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil yang didapat Setelah melakukan analisis muka-belakang, digunakan sepenuhnya untuk merancang prototipe media bahan ajar dan (LKS).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 171,
"width": 118,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Evaluate (tahap penilaian)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 190,
"width": 454,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah prototipe selesai dirancang kemudian dilakukan tahap validasi isi, validasi konstruk, persiapan uji coba lapangan, tahap praktikalitas, serta uji efektifitas modul. Pada tahapan efektifitas modul juga dilakukan eksperimen yang melibatkan 25 orang siswa kelas VII sekolah menengah pertama sebagai kelas kontrol dan 25 orang siswa lainnya pada kelas eksperimen. Siswa pada dua kelas tersebut diberikan soal kemampuan berpikir aljabar kemudian skor siswa diolah menggunakan SPSS untuk mengetahui signifikansi perbedaan skor kedua kelas tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 319,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 338,
"width": 132,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Define (analisis kebutuhan)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 357,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap analisis kebutuhan (needs assesment) dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang kondisi di lapangan. Tahap ini juga biasa disebut sebagai tahap analisis muka belakang (front-end analysis) . Pada tahap ini, dilakukan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 414,
"width": 60,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wawancara",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 433,
"width": 454,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wawancara dengan guru dan siswa dilakukan untuk memperoleh nformasi yang cukup berkenaan dengan penyusunan bahan belajar. Wawancara dilakukan secara tidak terstruktur baik dengan guru maupun dengan siswa. Wawancara dengan Guru matematika bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena yang terjadi dilapangan mencakup masalah dan hambatan yang berhubungan dengan pembelajaran matematika tingkat menengah khususnya pada aspek-aspek berpikir aljabar. Penggunaan definisi berpikir aljabar “disamarkan” dengan menggunkan dengan kata yang lebih sederhana. Dari wawancara yang dilakukan, diperoleh informasi umum berkenaan dengan buku teks dan LKS yang digunakan: (1) Guru sering kesulitan memberikan penjelasan dan representasi pada konsep-konsep (baik berupa gambar maupun matematika formal) tertentu karena tidak disediakn oleh buku teks; (2) guru mengakui perlu diberikan penjelasan yang mendetail, mengingat minimnya penjelasan yang disediakn oleh buku teks; (3) Angka-angka yang digunakan dalam soal maupun contoh soal terlalu besar sehingga memakan waktu untuk menghitungnya; (4) antara buku teks dan LKS tidak sinkron karena diterbitkan oleh penerbit yang berbeda;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 680,
"width": 454,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wawancara dengan siswa bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang pembelajaran yang bagaimana, serta bahan belajar dan LKS seperti apa yang mereka sukai. Beberapa informasi penting yang diperoleh seperti: (1) kebanyakan siswa tidak dapat menentukan apa yang harus dicatat pada buku catatan mereka; (2) umumnya siswa jarang sekali mempelajari materi di rumah, karena buku teks sulit",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 454,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Dan LKS Berbasis Generative Multi-Representation Learning (GMRL) untuk Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Aljabar, Mhmd Habibi, Darhim, Turmudi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 49,
"width": 13,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "345",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "untuk dipelajari sendiri; (3) area yang diberikan pada LKS untuk menyelesaikan masalah terbatas; (4) LKS sepertinya tidak sama dengan buku teks.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 123,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manganlisis Buku Teks Pelajaran Matematika",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 142,
"width": 454,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain melakukan wawancara dengan guru dan siswa, sebelum merancang bahan ajar dan LKS seperti yang direncanakan, peneliti juga melakukan kegiatan analisis terhadap berbagai buku teks yang digunakan. Dalam melakukan analisis buku teks dan LKS, peneliti menemukan masalah-masalah serupa sebagaimana yang disampaikan oleh guru dan siswa. Disamping itu, peneliti juga menemukan hal lain, seperti: pengenalan simbol yang diberikan dinilai terlalu dini, minimnya contoh soal atau penjelasan yang dapat mengembangkan kemapuan berpikir aljabar siswa, jumlah soal latihan terlalu banyak sehingga memiliki sedikit kemungkinan untuk dapat dikerjakan siswa seluruhnya dengan baik. Selain itu, proses analisa ini dilakukan untuk melihat struktur isi dari buku teks pelajaran tersebut, seperti: analisis struktur lintasan pembelajaran, kesulitan belajar yang diprediksi muncul saat proses pembelajaran dilangsungkan. Selanjutnya informasi yang dikumpulkan dijadikan acuan dan bahan pertimbangan dalam penyusunan bahan belajar dan LKS yang disusun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 350,
"width": 114,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Develop (tahap prototipe)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 369,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil yang didapat pada analisis kebutuhan, selanjutnya digunakan sepenuhnya untuk merancang prototipe bahan belajar dan LKS yang disusun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 417,
"width": 68,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bahan belajar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 436,
"width": 454,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bahan belajar ini dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan belajar selama 7 (tujuh) pertemuan, yang membahas tentang bilangan bulat dan operasinya yang dibagi kedalam beberapa sub-bab, yaitu: (1) memperkenalkan bilangan bulat; (2) memperkenalkan letak bilangan pada garis bilangan; (3) operasi hitung pada bilangan bulat; (4) perkalian pada bilangan bulat; (5) pembagian pada bilangan bulat; (6) menaksir hasil perkalian dan pembagian (pengayaan); (7) Kelipatan dan faktor; (8) pangkat bilangan bulat; (9) kuadrat dan akar kuadrat serta pangkat tiga dan akar pangkat tiga (10) operasi campuran pada bilangan bulat (pengayaan). Pada beberapa sub-bab dapat berisi beberapa poin yang merupakan penjabaran secara tersendiri dari sub-bab pokok. Setiap awal sub-bab disajikan pengantar materi yang dapat berupa gambar, fenomena sehari-hari dan selanjutnya diberi penjelasan secara mendetail, hal ini dimaksudkan agar siswa dapat melakukan proses belajar meskipun dengan sedikit bimbingan seperti ketika siswa berada di rumah. Contoh pengantar pembelajaran tersaji pada Gambar 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 740,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(a) (b)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 158,
"top": 759,
"width": 281,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Contoh Gambar yang Ditampilkan di Awal Materi",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 452,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "346 Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, Volume 03, No. 02, Agustus 2019, pp . 341-350",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 76,
"width": 454,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2 (a) di atas merupakan gambar yang diproyeksikan untuk mengantarkan konsep bilangan bulat sebagai bilangan yang utuh. Penggunaan gambar di atas diharapkan dapat menimbulkan konflik kognitif dalam alam pikir siswa khususnya pada gambar pizza. Dengan adanya konflik kognitif tersebut, penjelasan yang diberikan oleh guru akan lebih bermakna dan dapat diterima dengan baik oleh siswa. Pada Gambar 2 (b) diperlihatkan beberapa alat/perkakas yang banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menginformasikan kepada siswa bahwa materi yang mereka pelajari benar-benar eksis dan berdaya guna pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Pada Gambar 2 (b) juga terdapat ragam aplikasi garis bilangan pada perkakas tertentu dengan melibatkan pola-pola yang berbeda. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengantarkan konsep bahwa garis bilangan tidak harus selalu dibuat dalam satu satuan jarak, tidak harus melibatkan bilangan negatif dan sebagainya. Sehingga di masa yang akan datang siswa tidak ‘kaku’ dalam membuat garis bilangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 285,
"width": 454,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masing-masing sub-bab pada bahan belajar ini dibuat dan disusun untuk digunakan pada pertemuan dalam pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan jumlah pertemuan yang di tentukan dalam silabus. Masing-masing sub-bab berisikan materi pembelajaran yang diadopsi dari buku-buku teks pelajaran dan dimodifikasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan penelitian, seperti: dapat mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir aljabar, penyajian yang dirangkai dengan representasi-representasi berbeda, penjelasan yang detail di awal, dilengkapi dengan contoh soal, latihan-latihan soal dan rangkuman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 399,
"width": 454,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain itu beberapa prediksi dan antisipasi berkenaan dengan learning obstacle juga menjadi perhatian dalam penyusunan bahan belajar. Sebagai solusi penulis mencantumkan beberapa “catatan untuk guru” pada konsep tertentu agar dapat memberikan efek positif terhadap siswa dalam memahami konsep tertentu. Contoh “catatan untuk guru” ditampilkan pada Gambar 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 588,
"width": 263,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(a) (b)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 626,
"width": 248,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Catatan untuk Guru di dalam Bahan Belajar",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 645,
"width": 454,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada bahan belajar Gambar 3 (a) terdapat kata “membagi-habis” kalimat tersebut dinilai tidak familiar dengan siswa sehingga diperlukan penjelasan tambahan berkenaan dengan kata “membagi- habis” tersebut, baik dengan menggunakan contoh-contoh maupun hanya dengan kata-kata. Pada Gambar 3 (b) terdapat penekanan terhadap tata cara pemfaktoran. Guru hendaknya membimbing siswa untuk menemukan bahwa dengan memilih sebarang faktor dari 20 akan tetap menghasilkan faktor prima yang sama. Hal-hal yang di cantumkan pada “catatan untuk guru” tersebut juga merupakan bagian dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 454,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Dan LKS Berbasis Generative Multi-Representation Learning (GMRL) untuk Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Aljabar, Mhmd Habibi, Darhim, Turmudi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 49,
"width": 13,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "347",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "representasi. Sebagaimana telah disebutkan sebelumnya bahwa contoh-contoh yang berbeda (dalam konsep yang sama) dan bahasa verbal merupakan bagian dari bentuk-bentuk representasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 125,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 132,
"width": 454,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LKS ini di buat sebagai pelengkap bahan belajar, dan difungsikan untuk memantapkan pemahaman siswa. Dengan demikian, dalam penyusunan LKS, haruslah disesuaikan dengan bahan belajar yang telah disusun sebelumnya. Terdapat beberapa kegiatan pada LKS, yang diambil dan disesuaikan dengan bahan belajar. Beberapa kasus yang terdapat pada bahan belajar juga ditampilkan pada LKS. Sebagian contoh soal yang ditampilkan di dalam bahan belajar ditampilkan kembali pada LKS dengan langkah-langkah yang tidak lengkap. Selain itu diberikan soal dengan tipe yang sama untuk dikerjakan siswa bersama kelompoknya pada LKS. Kegiatan-kegiatan di LKS dibagi menjadi 8 (delapan kegiatan) yang mewakili setiap pertemuan dengan pengecualian yang jelas (lihat silabus).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 284,
"width": 116,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Evaluate (tahap penilaian)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 302,
"width": 454,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah prototipe selesai dirancang, kemudian dilakukan tahap penilaian/validasi. Pada tahap ini yang dilkukan dua jenis penilaian: (1) penilaian oleh para pakar; (2) uji keterbacaan oleh siswa secara terbatas. Untuk validasi pakar, yang diuji adalah kesesuaian bahan belajar dan LKS dengan silabus mata pelajaran, standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa. Selain itu pada tahap ini juga dilakukan uji kesesuaian komponen-komponen bahan belajar dan LKS dengan model pembelajaran generatif multi-representasi serta indikator-indikator berpikir aljabar yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya. Sedangkan untuk uji keterbacaan, yang diuji adalah: kesesuaian bahasa dengan usia peserta didik, kemudahan siswa dalam memahami konten materi pembelajaran. Kemudahan siswa dalam mengerjakan LKS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 483,
"width": 87,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Validasi Pakar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 502,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bahan belajar yang sudah dirancang dikonsultasikan dan didiskusikan dengan para pakar yang terdiri dari pakar pendidikan matematika, praktisi pembelajaran matematika dan beberapa teman sejawat. Wujud kegiatan validasi ini berupa pengisian lembar validasi yang telah disediakan. Diskusi dan kunsultasi ini dilakukan sampai diperoleh bahan belajar yang valid dan layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Adapun hasil validasi bahan ajar dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 597,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 616,
"width": 130,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Skor Validasi Bahan Belajar",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 643,
"width": 369,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Validator Skor Rata-rata Keterangan 1. Validator 1 3,8 Dapat digunakan (revisi) 2. Validator 2 3,8 Dapat digunakan (revisi) 3. Validator 3 3,9 Dapat digunakan (revisi) Rata-rata keseluruhan 3,8 Dapat digunakan (revisi)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 723,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 1 dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan belajar yang disusun telah dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dengan dilakukan revisi kecil sebelumnya. Hal ini berarti, setelah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 452,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "348 Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, Volume 03, No. 02, Agustus 2019, pp . 341-350",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 76,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "melalui proses validasi yang intensif, bahan belajar selanjutnya direvisi sesuai dengan komentar validator. Sedangkan hasil validasi LKS dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 114,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 133,
"width": 84,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Skor Validasi LKS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 160,
"width": 369,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Validator Skor Rata-rata Keterangan 1. Validator 1 4 Dapat digunakan (revisi) 2. Validator 2 3,9 Dapat digunakan (revisi) 3. Validator 3 3,7 Dapat digunakan (revisi) Rata-rata keseluruhan 3,9 Dapat digunakan (revisi)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 240,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 2 dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKS yang disusun telah dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Namun demikian, sebelum digunakan, LKS direvisi terlebih dahulu sesuai dengan catatan validator.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 307,
"width": 131,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Keterbacaan Oleh Siswa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 326,
"width": 454,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain validasi yang dilakukan oleh pakar, bahan belajar dan LKS juga menjalani uji keterbacaan oleh siswa-siswa kelas VII Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP/MTs). Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan cara memberikan bahan belajar dan LKS untuk di bandingkan dengan buku teks dan LKS yang biasa digunakan oleh sekolah yang bersangkutan. Dari hasil uji keterbacaan terbatas ini, diperoleh beberapa komentar dari siswa: (1) penjelasan materi pada bahan belajar lebih mudah dipahami jika dibandingkan dengan buku teks biasa; (2) LKS dapat dikerjakan dengan baik oleh siswa; (3) siswa dapat menemukan hubungan antara gambar dan penjelasan materi; (4) penyajian materi-materi pembelajaran memperlihatkan transisi yang saling berhubungan. Setelah melakukan uji produk (bahan belajar dan LKS) secara terbatas, maka disimpulkan bahwa bahan belajar dan LKS dapat digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran secara luas dalam penelitian, karena telah memenuhi aspek didaktis, dan keterbacaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 545,
"width": 69,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Efektifitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 564,
"width": 455,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain uji keterbacaan uicoba terbatas juga menghimpun data sederhana dari dua kelas yang dijadikan objek penelitian. Masing-masing kelas dijadikan sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Kedua kelas tersebut di uji dengan tes kemampuan berpikir aljabar yang sama yang dikembangkan oleh Habibi et.al (2018). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kelas ekspreimen dan kontrol berbeda secara signifikan. Hasil tes kemampuan berpikir aljabar khususnya secara ringkas disajikan pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 678,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 697,
"width": 188,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbedaan Kemampuan Berpikir Aljabar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 716,
"width": 329,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelompok Rata-rata Simpangan Baku Eksperimen 14,88 0,34 Kontrol 8,93 2,31",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 454,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Dan LKS Berbasis Generative Multi-Representation Learning (GMRL) untuk Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Aljabar, Mhmd Habibi, Darhim, Turmudi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 49,
"width": 13,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "349",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil tes pada Tabel 3 dapat kita lihat bahwa secara umum capaian nilai yang diperoleh siswa pada kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan siswa pada kelompok kontrol. Untuk memahami perbedaan capaian kedua kelompok tersebut perlu dilakukan uji statistik, sehingga dapat diketahui keberartian data yang diperoleh secara statistik. Uji statistik yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah faktor pembelajaran mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap capaian nilai kemampuan berpikir aljabar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 189,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian pengaruh faktor pembelajaran terhadap kemampuan kemampuan berpikir aljabar siswa diawali dengan uji normalitas data kedua kelompok. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Shapiro-Wilk dengan taraf signifikansi α = 0,05 dengan hasil seperti ditampilakan pada Tabel 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 246,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 265,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Uji Normalitas Kemampuan Berpikir Aljabar Kelompok Kontrol dan Eksperimen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 294,
"width": 374,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Kelompok Df Nilai sig Statistic Distr.Data 1. Kontrol 15 0,002 0.413 Tidak Normal 2. Eksperimen 15 0,000 0,773 Tidak Normal",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 345,
"width": 454,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 4 dapat disimpulkan bahwa data nilai kemampuan berpikir aljabar baik pada kelompok kontrol maupun eksperimen memiliki distribusi yang tidak normal. Karena asumsi normalitas tidak terpenuhi maka selanjutnya dilakukan uji Mann Whitney U dengan taraf signifikansi α = 0,05. Dari uji Mann Whitney U yang dilakukan diperoleh Sig. = 0,000. Karena nilai Sig = 0,000 < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai kemampuan berpikir aljabar pada kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba terbatas di atas memperlihatkan efektifitas penggunaan bahan ajar dan LKS berbasis GMRL pada materi aljabar dasar siswa sekolah menengah sangat baik dan sudah memenuhi kelayakan untuk digunakan pada kelas yang lebih besar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 528,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 547,
"width": 454,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan yang telah dipaparkan sebelumnya, maka dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) bahan ajar dan LKS yang dikembangkan telah sesuai dengan standar kompetensi matematika kelas VII sekolah menengah pertama; (2) bahan ajar yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan kaidah pembelajaran GMRL; (3) validitas bahan ajar dan LKS berada pada kategori sangat baik; (4) tingkat keterbacaan bahan ajar berdasarkan respon hasil wawancara dengan siswa maupun guru sangat baik; (5) berdasarkan hasil analisis data eksperimen, penggunaan bahan ajar berbasis GMRL untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir aljabar terbukti efektif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 690,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 715,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akker, Jan Van Den & Plomp, Tjeerd. (1994). Educational Development in Developing countries. Dalam Skutsch, Margaret M., Opdam, J. Hans M. And Nordholt, Nico G. Schulte (Eds), Toward Sustainable Development . Enschede: Technology and Development Group University Of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 452,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "350 Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, Volume 03, No. 02, Agustus 2019, pp . 341-350",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 76,
"width": 39,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Twente.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 95,
"width": 455,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Jupri, (2015). The Use of Applets to Improve Indonesian Student Performance in Algebra . Disertasi. Utrecht: Freudenthal Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University / FIsme Scientific Library (formerly published as CD-β Scientific Library), no. 89.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 171,
"width": 455,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Habibi, M, Darhim, Turmudi (2018). Self-Determination in Mathematics Learning Process by Using Generative Multi-Representation Learning (GMRL) Model. Journal Physic: Conf. Series. 1097 012155.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 228,
"width": 455,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kaput, J.J,& Blanton, M. (2005). Algebrafying the elementary mathematics experience in a teachercentered,systemic way. In T. A. Romberg, T. P. Carpenter, & F. Dremock (Eds.), Understanding Mathematics and Science Matters. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 285,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kieran, C. (1992). The Learning and Teaching of School Algebra. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning (pp. 390-419). New York: Macmillan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 323,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kieran, C (2004).Algebraic Thinking in the Early Grades: What Is It? The Mathematics Educator: 8(1), 139 – 151.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 361,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muthmainnah, M. et al 2017 Analysis of Students’ Error in Algebraic Thinking Test . J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 895, 012089",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 399,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ng Swee Fong (2004). Developing Algebraic Thinking In Early Grades: Case Study Of The Singapore Primary Mathematics Curriculum. The Mathematics Educator, 8(1) ,39-59",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 437,
"width": 454,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ovez, F.T.D & Uyangor, S.M (2012). Evaluation of 12th grade of secondary mathematics curriculum: algebra learning domain. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 46, 2156 – 2162",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 474,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Othman Ali Alghtani & Nasser Alsayed Abdulhamied (2010). The Effectiveness of Geometric Representative Approach in Developing Algebraic Thinking of Fourth Grade Students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 8, 256–263",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 531,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sfard A. (1991). On the Dual Nature Of Mathematical Conceptions: Reflections on Processes and Objects as Dìfferent Sides of the Same Coin. Educational Studies in Mathematics 22, 1-36",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 569,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vennerush, G.P; Marquez, E & Larsen, J. (2005). Embedding Algebraic Thinking Throughout The Mathematics Curriculum. Mathematics Teaching in The Middle School (NCTM). 11(2), 86-93.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
fd98789f-c7d1-c635-2193-ae097384b2db | https://profesionalmudacendekia.com/index.php/jbmr/article/download/992/449 | [
{
"left": 71,
"top": 754,
"width": 379,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal of Business and Management Review Vol. 5 No. 7 2024 Page 575-591 DOI: 10.47153/jbmr.v5i7.992 *Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 142,
"width": 384,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Exploring Patient Satisfaction with Hospital Services Using SERVQUAL: A Case Study in Bandarlampung",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 219,
"top": 175,
"width": 158,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Municipality, Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 204,
"width": 118,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dina Safitri 1* , Dwi Asri Siti Ambarwati 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 241,
"width": 393,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1,2 Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Lampung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 266,
"width": 191,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 287,
"width": 330,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Research Aims: The research of hospital quality service in Indonesia by using SERVQUAL is limited in the literature. This research aims to analyze the dimensions necessary for hospitals to enhance service quality to meet the standards expected by stakeholders, hospital management, government, the academic community, and patients.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 349,
"width": 330,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Design/methodology/approach: The research employs a survey method, distributing questionnaires to hospital patients as research tool. The study population comprises hospital users in Bandarlampung Municipality, with purposive sampling utilized for selection. Respondents were given the option to complete a questionnaire before leaving the hospital or online via email or WhatsApp for those discharged.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 423,
"width": 330,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Research Findings: The findings reveal that dimensions of hospital service quality, including infrastructure, administrative procedures, overall patient experience, and hospital social responsibility, significantly influence patient’s satisfaction in hospitals in Bandar Lampung. However, the quality of human resources and security procedures do not exhibit a significant impact on patient’s satisfaction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 498,
"width": 330,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This research expands the application of the SERVQUAL model beyond its traditional domains by analyzing hospital service quality within the Indonesian context. The study identifies critical dimensions such as infrastructure, administrative procedures, overall patient experience, and hospital social responsibility as significant predictors of patient satisfaction. By understanding these challenges, context-specific strategies for enhancing service delivery can be developed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 597,
"width": 297,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords : hospital services, patient satisfaction, human resources",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 307,
"width": 83,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2723-1097",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 610,
"width": 78,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Introduction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 626,
"width": 456,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Patients assess the quality of healthcare services based on interpersonal and environmental aspects, which are often considered less significant by medical professionals. Additionally, many patients struggle to differentiate between the 'caring' (functional) and 'curing' (technical) aspects of healthcare provided by medical professionals (Ibrahim & Ahmed, 2019). Compared to other sectors offering consumer services, healthcare services possess distinctive characteristics, including intricate service levels, production processes, and intangible aspects. Financial considerations and the inadequate quality of human resources have the potential to",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "576 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 86,
"width": 457,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "give rise to numerous complaints (Mitropoulos et al., 2018). Satisfaction of hospital patience has become a crucial measure for assessing the effectiveness of healthcare service providers over the last ten years (Vogus & McClelland, 2016; Kleefstra et al., 2015). Hospital patients' perceptions encompass the quality of services delivered by the healthcare system, thereby shaping their subjective views of the hospitals where they receive care (Pini et al., 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 175,
"width": 457,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The complexity of patients' illnesses contributes to the increasing intricacy of healthcare procedures. This complexity often leads to conflicts between agreed-upon patient diagnosis stages and the policies of healthcare providers (Mahadevan, 2020). Despite the bias inherent in patients' perceptions of healthcare providers, patients are the primary consumer group within the healthcare system and, as exclusive payers, have the right to expect high-quality services from government and private hospitals (Al-Neyadi et al., 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 279,
"width": 457,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Patient satisfaction levels significantly impact healthcare systems, affecting the utilization of medical devices, prognosis, litigations, and malpractice suits (Thiakarajan et al., 2015). The evaluation of services by patients is a crucial metric used to assess how well a healthcare facility is performing. Most of the time, the patient's perspective influences their degree of satisfaction since their expectations about how the services should be provided shape their own opinions (Mahadevan, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 384,
"width": 457,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Consequently, patient satisfaction is currently the paramount criterion for evaluating healthcare delivery system performance. Patient satisfaction also plays a crucial role in engaging patients in their own healthcare plans. Different measurement tools around the globe prioritize diverse facets of the healthcare encounter, encompassing interactions with medical professionals, ease of access to hospitals, standard of essential medical equipment, and waiting durations (Zhang et al., 2020). For example, Najmuddin & Tan (2024) that conducted the study in of patient loyalty in one of state-owned hospitals in Cirebon-Indonesia, used the indicators of service quality as basic marketing strategy in four factors; hospital food, cleanliness, facilities and tools, and medical procedures. Fatonah (2019) conducted a study in a hospital in Central Java to examine the patient loyalty and patient satisfaction used service quality within the frame of tangibles, responsiveness, assurance, reliability, and empathy which introduced by Parasuraman et al., (1988) in the earlier concept of service quality, which similarly applicable to the study by Juwita et al., (2020), that examine patient satisfaction of BPJS holder based on the room type of public hospital patient in Banda Aceh.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 622,
"width": 457,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital services have become even more critical, given the influx of patients and the strain on healthcare facilities and personnel. Optimizing the healthcare system's efficiency can mitigate patient dissatisfaction with healthcare provider services. Interest in evaluating patient satisfaction, demands, and expectations surged during the economic crises worldwide, prompting stakeholders to enhance efficiency, particularly with limited",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "577 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 86,
"width": 457,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "resources allocated to public healthcare services (Pantouvakis & Bouranta, 2014). This research will contribute to the literature by using different measurements that capture a broader scope of hospital service quality. It employs six factors that contribute to patient satisfaction: infrastructure, quality of human resources, administrative processes, hospital safety indicators, overall patient experiences, and hospital social responsibility (Georgiadou & Maditinos, 2017), which is not available yet in hospital service quality in Indonesia. Additionally, the majority of existing research comes from developed countries, casting doubt on the relevance of these findings for Indonesia. Additional studies are required to evaluate how these constructs and dimensions of service quality are applicable within Indonesian context and to investigate potential cross-cultural differences in perceptions of service quality (Juyal et al., 2024).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 279,
"width": 101,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Literature Review Infrastructure",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 308,
"width": 457,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Infrastructure constitutes an integral aspect of the healthcare system, intricately linked with patients' perceptions of hospital services (Al-Neyadi et al., 2018). Hospital infrastructure encompasses various components, including the cleanliness of the environment, maintenance and accessibility of cleaning facilities in areas like waiting rooms, diagnostic test rooms, operating theatres, delivery suites, food provisions, bedding, patient accommodations, ambulance amenities, technological advancements, pharmaceutical provisions, blood banks, and other related services (Ibrahim & Ahmed, 2019). Numerous studies underscore the significance of physical hospital facilities, both tangible and intangible, in delivering services to patients (Sumaedi et al., 2016; Karaferis & Niakas, 2024). Physical features and facilities, alongside location, physical security, privacy, hospital layout, and the appearance of the building and staff, are paramount factors in patient assessments of hospital infrastructure (Ibrahim & Ahmed, 2019; Ozretić Došen et al., 2020). Additionally, a comfortable and easily accessible location is pivotal in evaluating hospital infrastructure from a patient perspective (Sari et al., 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 532,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H1. Patient perceptions of the quality of hospital infrastructure influence patient’s satisfaction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 576,
"width": 165,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Quality of Human Resources",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 591,
"width": 457,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The quality of human resources significantly shapes patients' impressions and experiences, particularly concerning the care delivered by healthcare practitioners like physicians, nurses, auxiliary personnel, paramedics, and administrative personnel. The quality of service rendered by hospital personnel hinges on six key factors: professional expertise, attitude and behavior, flexibility and accessibility, trustworthiness, recovery, and reputation and credibility (Gurung et al., 2020) (Ozretić Došen et al., 2020). Internal audits within hospitals are imperative to ensure that all personnel deliver excellent service to patients. The role of doctors in hospitals",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "578 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 86,
"width": 457,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "and patient satisfaction is crucial. Interactions between doctors and patients entail intensive communication, addressing patient concerns and needs, often occurring within formal settings and establishing long-term relationships. These interactions are closely tied to patient satisfaction and include assessments of doctors' professional experience, validation of patient beliefs, and staff performance (Gurung et al., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 175,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H2. There is quite a visible influence between patient perceptions of the quality of hospital human resources on satisfaction of the patients.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 220,
"width": 150,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Administrative Procedures",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 234,
"width": 457,
"height": 208,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hospital administrative procedures encompass a series of processes determined by the hospital, commencing from the registration for admission to administrative procedures during the hospital stay, and extending to the protocols involving the discharge or return of the patient, or in the unfortunate event of the patient's demise while undergoing treatment (Karaferis & Niakas, 2024). Talib et al., (2013) highlight that enhancing access to hospital administration can mitigate patient dissatisfaction during the hospital care process. Delays at various stages during a patient's hospital stay often occur as a result of administrative processes. Research in the service industry suggests that delays are viewed as unjustified and inconsequential, potentially eliciting patient anger rather than mere dissatisfaction. De Simone et al. (2018) corroborates this notion, particularly regarding administrative procedures such as restricting telephone reception for patients and imposing limitations on patient visiting hours. Such policies assist patients in focusing on their recovery, consequently enhancing the perception of hospital care.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 443,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H3. There is a real influence between patient perceptions of the quality of hospital administration procedures on the degree of satisfaction of the patient.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 487,
"width": 146,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hospital Safety Indicators",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 502,
"width": 457,
"height": 208,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Safety culture in an organization pertains to healthcare workers' attitudes and actions towards prioritizing and perceiving safety within a healthcare setting (Danielsson et al., 2019). Patient safety, emerging from the healthcare quality movement, is defined as the prevention of harm caused by errors due to negligence in duties. This definition indicates that ensuring safety and effective care requires the seamless integration and coordination of all elements within the healthcare system (Afshar et al., 2021). Patient safety culture enhances the safety of patient care by encompassing activities such as risk assessment, identification, and management of patient risks, incident reporting and analysis, learning from incidents and their follow-up, and implementing solutions to mitigate risks and prevent harm resulting from errors of commission or omission (Mohammed et al., 2021). The level of security provided by a hospital holds significant importance in shaping patient perceptions and patient satisfaction. Patients require a sense of security throughout their hospital stay and treatment. Georgiadou & Maditinos (2017) assert that leaders in the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "579 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 86,
"width": 456,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "healthcare system must prioritize patient safety and security as the primary goal of the hospital organization, aligning with the fundamental principles and philosophies of healthcare services since ancient Greece. Consequently, the high quality of hospital safety as one of the cores in hospital quality service would affect the patient satisfaction (Rahim et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 160,
"width": 457,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H4. There is a positive influence between patient perceptions of the level of hospital safety indicators on the degree of patient satisfaction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 204,
"width": 239,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Overall Healthcare Received by the Patient",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 219,
"width": 457,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The comprehensive healthcare received by patients is a pivotal aspect of hospital services (Pini et al., 2014; Dempsey et al., 2014, De Simone et al., 2018). Zhang et al., (2020) and Kleefstra et al., (2015) emphasize the active and regular management of patient perceptions for several reasons. Higher service quality evaluations correlate with increased satisfaction levels, intention to reuse the same service in the future if needed, adherence to treatment procedures, patient involvement in treatment plan selection, reduced malpractice claims, and positive health outcomes for recovering patients (Mitropoulos et al., 2018). Moreover, patient perceptions significantly influence the financial performance of hospital organizations. Thiakarajan et al., (2015) underscores the authentic correlation between overall service perceptions and patient satisfaction. Furthermore, elevated levels of patient satisfaction lead to improved care quality, increased job satisfaction among hospital staff, reduced staff turnover rates, enhanced hospital financial performance, a stronger competitive position, and improved risk management (Al- Neyadi et al., 2018; Vogus & McClelland, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 443,
"width": 456,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H5. Patient perceptions of the comprehensive quality of hospital healthcare significantly impact levels of patient satisfaction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 487,
"width": 120,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Social Responsibility",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 502,
"width": 457,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "An essential factor in gauging patient satisfaction pertains to the quality of services provided by the hospital, which is also influenced by the hospital management's contribution to society as part of social responsibility. This contribution is reflected in the hospital's role as a facilitator of social welfare. Georgiadou & Maditinos (2017) assert that patient involvement in the healthcare process is ethical and anticipated, with patients expecting to participate in decision- making regarding medical actions undertaken by the hospital. Engaging in social responsibility initiatives, such as subsidizing hospital costs for underprivileged patients, offering affordable surgical services in economically disadvantaged areas, and providing health education, enhances patient satisfaction perceptions significantly (Padma et al., 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 666,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H6. There is a real influence between patient perceptions of hospital social responsibility on the level of patient satisfaction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "580 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 333,
"width": 424,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 1. Conceptual Framework Source: Padma et al., (2010) and Georgiadou & Maditinos (2017) Hospital service quality, serving as a tool for assessing patient perceptions, was implemented, and adapted from SERVQUAL.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 393,
"width": 391,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1. SERVQUAL Indicators SERVQUAL Patients perception dimension Tangibles Infrastructure Reliability Clinical care process Procedures of hospital administrations Indicators of safety Responsiveness The high quality of hospital human resources Assurance The high quality of hospital human resources Empathy The high quality of hospital human resources Medical care overall experience Social responsibility",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 560,
"width": 318,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: Ozretić Došen et al., (2020), Al-Neyadi et al., (2018)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 589,
"width": 50,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Method",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 605,
"width": 457,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The methodology employed in this study was quantitative approaches, encompassing parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, establishing confidence intervals, and examining the relationship between multiple properties (modifiers) for parameters with known distributions, such as the normal distribution. Subsequently, the data underwent analysis utilizing techniques like factor analysis and linear regression. The chosen research design follows a cross-sectional approach, which entails gathering data from a particular sample at a singular time point (Ibrahim &",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "581 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 86,
"width": 457,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ahmed, 2019), specifically a single cross-sectional design, where data collection occurs from one respondent at one specific time only. The non-probability sampling - purposive sampling was used in this study. The population for this study comprised hospital users in Bandarlampung Municipality, specifically hospital patients who had previous experience of hospitalization in Bandarlampung hospitals. The total respondents in this study were 121 participants. The constructs that were employed in this study adopted from Padma et al., (2010) which also used in the study by Georgiadou & Maditinos (2017). The constructs are in Appendix 1. All constructs were measured using a Likert scale ranging from 1 (\"strongly disagree\") to 5 (\"strongly agree\").",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 235,
"width": 456,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prior to distributing the actual questionnaire to respondents, a pre-test was conducted to assess the accuracy of the questionnaire as a research measurement tool. According to Perneger et al. (2015), the sample size for instrument testing typically ranges from 15 to 30 respondents. Hence, this research included a total sample of 30 respondents. Subsequently, validity and reliability testing were performed to ensure that the instrument met the necessary validity and reliability requirements for use in the main research.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 354,
"width": 148,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Results and Discussions Descriptive analysis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 384,
"width": 457,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The descriptive analysis in this study focuses on hospital consumers in Bandarlampung. The sample size consisted of 121 individuals who met the primary criteria, namely all consumers who had experienced hospitalization in hospitals within Bandarlampung. The discussion regarding the general description of patients and respondents’ identity based on the questionnaire distribution is summarized in Table 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 474,
"width": 431,
"height": 224,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2. Demographic Profiles of Respondents Demographic Characteristics Frequency Percentage Gender Female 52 43.00% Male 69 57.00% Age 17-27-year-old 60 49.60% 28-38-year-old 25 20.70% 39-49-year-old 30 24.80% > 50-year-old 6 4.90% Occupation Students 41 33.90% Civil servant / Army 33 27.30% Private company employee 8 6.60% Small-business 17 14.00% Non-working 22 18.20% Income < IDR 3.000.000,00 54 44.60% IDR 3.000.000,00 - IDR 6.000.000,00 39 32.20%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "582 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 86,
"width": 431,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Demographic Characteristics Frequency Percentage IDR 6.000.000,00 - IDR 9.000.000,00 15 12.40% > 9.000.000,00 13 10.70% Domicile Bandarlampung Municipality 119 98.00% Outside Bandarlampung Municipality 2 2.00%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 197,
"width": 156,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: Primary data, N = 12",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 227,
"width": 100,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Statistics analysis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 241,
"width": 457,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Multiple Regression Analysis was used to process the primary data with the procedures described below. Validity test used the Kaiser-Mayer Olkin (KMO) to assess how well enough of a sample is used for factor analysis. According to (J. Hair & Alamer, 2022), adequate factor analysis is indicated by a KMO score between 0.50 and 1.00, but a value < 0.50 suggests inadequate factor analysis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 331,
"width": 439,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 3. Validity Test with Kaiser-Mayer Olkin Variable Total item KMO Factor Loading Remark Infrastructures (X1) 10 0,902 0,716 Valid Human resources quality (X2) 7 0,898 0,827 Valid Administration process (X3) 3 0,609 0,867 Valid Security (X4) 3 0,724 0,876 Valid Overall healthcare that received by patients (X5) 5 0,816 0,856 Valid Social responsibility (X6) 5 0,809 0,798 Valid Patients' satisfaction (Y) 5 0,882 0,873 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 496,
"width": 158,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: Data process by SPSS",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 526,
"width": 457,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Reliability test of Cronbach’s Alpha was conducted by employing SPSS 28.0 software. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient has a universally accepted threshold of ≥ 0.70 and varies from 0 to 1. Furthermore, for exploratory research, it is permissible to have a Cronbach's alpha coefficient ≥ 0.60. According to (J. F. Hair et al., 2019), an instrument's reliability is deemed poor if its coefficient value is < 0.60.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 616,
"width": 265,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 4. Reliability Test with Cronbach’s Alpha",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 643,
"width": 424,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variable Cronbach’s Alpha Remark Infrastructures (X1) 0,908 Reliable Human resources quality (X2) 0,939 Reliable Administration process (X3) 0,766 Reliable Security (X4) 0,863 Reliable",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "583 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 86,
"width": 424,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variable Cronbach’s Alpha Remark Overall healthcare that received by patients (X5) 0,899 Reliable Social responsibility (X6) 0,858 Reliable Patients' satisfaction (Y) 0,897 Reliable",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 162,
"width": 218,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: Data SPSS, author’s construction",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 177,
"width": 457,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hypothesis testing utilized linear regression analysis, specifically employing the multiple regression model with seven independent variables impacting one dependent variable. The outcomes of the multiple linear regression analysis, aimed at examining the influence of hospital service quality dimensions on patient satisfaction, are presented in Table 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 251,
"width": 456,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hypothesis 1 scrutinizes the impact of hospital infrastructure quality dimensions on patient satisfaction. The findings of hypothesis testing 1 reveal a positive correlation between infrastructure and patient satisfaction. This is demonstrated by the noteworthy t-test value of 3.651 at 0.000, supporting hypothesis 1. The findings of this study support the notion that hospital infrastructure quality plays a crucial role in enhancing patient satisfaction (Ibrahim & Ahmed, 2019; Sumaedi et al., 2016). The significant positive correlation observed between hospital infrastructure quality and patient satisfaction underscores the importance of maintaining and upgrading facilities to create a conducive environment for patient care.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 400,
"width": 457,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hypothesis 2 investigates the relationship between hospital human resources quality dimensions and patient satisfaction. Contrary to expectations, outcomes of hypothesis testing 2 suggest that human resource quality does not affect patient satisfaction significantly. This is evident from the insignificant t-test value of 0.731 at 0.467, refuting hypothesis 2. This suggests that while human resource quality is crucial for operational efficiency, it might not directly translate to higher patient satisfaction. However, the study highlights the importance of focusing on soft skills such as employee-patient interaction, communication skills, and empathy to improve patient perceptions and satisfaction (Nasution et al., 2023). This includes ensuring that healthcare workers are equipped with the necessary skills to effectively communicate with patients and provide empathetic care, and ensuring that healthcare workers are approachable, friendly, and responsive to patient needs (Petre, 2020; Nasution et al., 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 594,
"width": 457,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hypothesis 3 assesses the influence of hospital administrative process quality dimensions on patient satisfaction. The results of hypothesis testing 3 indicate a positive association between the administrative process and patient satisfaction. This is evident from the significant t-test value of 2.192 at 0.030, endorsing hypothesis 3. Efficient administrative processes likely contribute to a smoother patient experience, reducing wait times and administrative hassles. As administrative process affects the patient satisfaction, hospitals should invest in streamlining their administrative",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "584 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 86,
"width": 456,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "procedures and implementing patient-centered practices to enhance satisfaction levels (Karaferis & Niakas, 2024) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 115,
"width": 457,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hypothesis 4 explores the impact of hospital safety quality dimensions on patient satisfaction. The findings of hypothesis testing 4 suggest that hospital safety indicators do not significantly influence patient satisfaction. This is evident from the non-significant t-test value of 0.305 at 0.761, contradicting hypothesis 4. This unexpected result suggests that patients may take safety standards as a given and thus do not perceive them as a differentiating factor in their satisfaction. However, maintaining high safety standards remains essential to prevent adverse events and ensure overall quality care (Danielsson et al., 2019; Mohammed et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 235,
"width": 457,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hypothesis 5 evaluates the effect of overall patient experience quality dimensions received by hospital patients on patient satisfaction. The results of hypothesis testing 5 indicate a positive relationship between overall patient experience and patient satisfaction. This is evidenced by the significant t-test value of 4.323 at 0.000, supporting hypothesis 5. This underscores the critical role of holistic patient experience in driving patient satisfaction. Consequently, hospitals should focus on comprehensive patient experience strategies, including personalized care, effective communication, and emotional support, to enhance overall satisfaction (Juyal et al., 2024; Karadag et al., 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 369,
"width": 456,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hypothesis 6 examines the impact of hospital social responsibility quality dimensions on patient satisfaction. The outcomes of hypothesis testing 6 reveal a positive correlation between hospital social responsibility and patient satisfaction. This is evident from the significant t-test value of 2.924 at 0.004, validating hypothesis 6. This finding highlights the importance of hospitals' engagement in socially responsible activities, which can improve their reputation and foster goodwill among patients. Hospitals should consider integrating social responsibility initiatives into their strategic plans to boost patient satisfaction and community support as recommended by Fatima et al., (2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 503,
"width": 456,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The Adjusted ∆ R results show a value of 0.813, this shows that the dimensions of hospital service quality explain the consumer satisfaction variable by 81.3%. Based on Table 5, the beta coefficients from the regression analysis show that overall patient experience (β = 0.338) and infrastructure quality (β = 0.262) are the most influential predictors, followed by social responsibility (β = 0.224) and administrative process quality (β = 0.126). Human resources quality (β = 0.057) and safety quality (β = 0.021) have less impact on patient satisfaction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "585 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 100,
"width": 440,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 5. Hypothesis Testing Results Variable Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta -14.026 18.455 -0.76 0.449 X1 0.304 0.084 0.262 3.615 0.000 X2 0.056 0.077 0.057 0.731 0.467 X3 0.109 0.05 0.126 2.192 0.030 X4 0.021 0.068 0.021 0.305 0.761 X5 0.346 0.08 0.338 4.323 0.000 X6 0.232 0.079 0.224 2.924 0.004",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 280,
"width": 445,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: Data processed SPSS. N=121. R = 0.902, ∆R-square = 0.813, Adjusted ∆R = 0.803, SE Estimated = 35.20014, Durbin-Watson = 2.096 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 321,
"width": 217,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Implications for Hospital Management",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 350,
"width": 456,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Infrastructures: The findings suggest that hospital management should prioritize infrastructure improvements and enhance overall patient experiences to significantly boost patient satisfaction. Ensuring that infrastructure is modern, well- maintained, and equipped with necessary medical and non-medical equipment is essential for providing high-quality services. This includes investing in patient- friendly facilities such as private examination rooms, comfortable waiting areas, and convenient access to medical services, all of which cater to the needs of patients. Additionally, enhancing patient satisfaction can be accomplished by maintaining high-quality services, ensuring patient safety, and fostering a positive hospital image.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 484,
"width": 456,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Quality of human resources: Effective communication is critical in healthcare settings. Healthcare workers should be trained to communicate clearly and effectively with patients, ensuring that patients understand their conditions and treatment options. Empathy and compassion are essential in healthcare settings. Healthcare workers should be trained to understand and empathize with patients' emotional needs, providing a supportive environment for patients.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 574,
"width": 457,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Administrative process: The results emphasize the importance of streamlining administrative processes to reduce wait times and administrative hassles. This includes implementing efficient processes for handling patient information, billing, and discharge procedures. The study highlights the need for hospitals to adopt patient-centered practices that prioritize patient needs and preferences. This includes providing clear communication, ensuring patient privacy, and addressing patient concerns in a timely manner.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 678,
"width": 457,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hospital safety indicators: The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining high safety standards despite the lack of significant correlation with patient",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "586 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 86,
"width": 456,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "satisfaction. This includes ensuring that hospitals adhere to accreditation guidelines and implement robust safety protocols to prevent adverse events.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 115,
"width": 457,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Overall patient experience: The study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive patient experience strategies that encompass personalized care, effective communication, and emotional support. This includes ensuring that healthcare workers are empathetic, responsive, and provide clear communication to patients. Hospitals should prioritize personalized care by tailoring services to individual patient needs, includes providing tailored treatment plans, addressing patient concerns, ensuring patient privacy, ensuring that patients are informed about their conditions, treatment options, and discharge procedures, providing emotional comfort, addressing patient fears and anxieties, and ensuring that patients feel supported throughout their care journey.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 264,
"width": 456,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hospital social responsibilities: The study emphasizes the need for hospitals to integrate social responsibility initiatives into their strategic plans. This includes implementing programs that benefit the local community, such as health education, community outreach, and charitable activities. It is also importance that hospitals are fostering goodwill among patients by engaging in socially responsible activities. This includes ensuring that patients feel that their needs are being met and that the hospital is committed to improving their health outcomes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 384,
"width": 66,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Conclusion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 398,
"width": 457,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The study's findings provide valuable insights into the factors influencing patient satisfaction in hospitals, specifically in Bandarlampung Municipality, Indonesia. Hospital infrastructure, administrative processes, overall patient experience, and social responsibility significantly impact patient satisfaction, indicating these areas should be prioritized by hospital management to enhance the overall quality of care. Improving infrastructure to be modern, well-maintained, and equipped with necessary medical and non-medical equipment is crucial. Streamlining administrative processes and adopting patient-centered practices can reduce wait times and enhance patient experiences, while comprehensive patient experience strategies, including personalized care and effective communication, are essential. Additionally, integrating social responsibility initiatives into strategic plans can foster goodwill and improve hospital reputation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 577,
"width": 456,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Although the direct impact of human resource quality and safety standards on patient satisfaction may not be as significant, their importance to operational efficiency and overall quality care remains critical. Future research should delve deeper into the quality of service from human resources, distinguishing between different categories such as staff, nurses, and doctors, to provide a more nuanced understanding of how each group's performance impacts patient satisfaction. Maintaining high safety standards is imperative to prevent adverse events and ensure quality care. Adopting a comprehensive approach that addresses both tangible and intangible aspects of patient care can significantly improve patient",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "587 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 86,
"width": 456,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "satisfaction and loyalty, thereby ensuring better health outcomes and a stronger reputation within the community.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 130,
"width": 112,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Acknowledgements",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 145,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This study was funded by DIPA BLU UNILA Peneliti Pemula No. 1235/UN26/PN2020, dated 24th of March, 2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 189,
"width": 60,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "References",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 218,
"width": 456,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Afshar, P. J., Karbasi, B. J., & Moghadam, M. N. (2021). The relationship between patient safety culture with patient satisfaction and hospital performance in Shafa Hospital of Kerman in 2020. Journal of Education and Health Promotion , 10 , 455. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1650_20",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 278,
"width": 457,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al-Neyadi, H. S., Abdallah, S., & Malik, M. (2018). Measuring patient’s satisfaction of healthcare services in the UAE hospitals: Using SERVQUAL. International Journal of Healthcare Management , 11 (2), 96–105.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 323,
"width": 260,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2016.1266804",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 338,
"width": 457,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Danielsson, M., Nilsen, P., Rutberg, H., & Årestedt, K. (2019). A National Study of Patient Safety Culture in Hospitals in Sweden. Journal of Patient Safety , 15 (4), 328–333. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000000369",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 382,
"width": 457,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Simone, S., Planta, A., & Cicotto, G. (2018). The role of job satisfaction, work engagement, self-efficacy and agentic capacities on nurses’ turnover intention and patient satisfaction. Applied Nursing Research : ANR , 39 , 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.11.004",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 442,
"width": 456,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dempsey, C., Wojciechowski, S., McConville, E., & Drain, M. (2014). Reducing patient suffering through compassionate connected care. The Journal of Nursing Administration , 44 (10), 517–524. https://doi.org/10.1097/ NNA. 0000000000000110",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 502,
"width": 456,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fatima, T., Malik, S. A., & Shabbir, A. (2018). Hospital healthcare service quality, patient satisfaction and loyalty. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 547,
"width": 457,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Georgiadou, V., & Maditinos, D. (2017). Measuring the quality of health services provided at a Greek Public Hospital through patient satisfaction. Case Study: The General Hospital of Kavala. International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research , 10 , 60–72. https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.102.06 Gurung, M., Thapa, N. B., Khadka, M., Karki, T. B., & Neupane, D. (2020). Access the Quality Service of Ganeshman Singh Memorial Hospital and Research Center . https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234392563",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 651,
"width": 456,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hair, J., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics , 1 (3), 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "588 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 86,
"width": 457,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review , 31 (1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 130,
"width": 456,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ibrahim, M. S., & Ahmed, M. S. (2019). SERVQUAL Reliability and Validity: A Pilot Study to Evaluate Patients’ Satisfaction in the Jordanian Hospitals. International Management Review , 15 , 56.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 175,
"width": 457,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juwita, R., Kamil, H., Hasballah, K., Wardani, E., & Marthoenis, M. (2020). Patient Satisfaction Level based on Demographic Factors using SERVQUAL Instruments in Public Hospital in Banda Aceh, Indonesia . https://doi.org/10.5220/ 0008396101700175",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 234,
"width": 457,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juyal, S. A., Nautiyal, A., & Trivedi, A. (2024). Service Quality In Healthcare Facilities: An Examination In Dehradun. Migration Letters , 21 , 1943–1955. Karadag, M., Cankul, I. H., & Abuhanoglu, H. (2015). Patient Satisfaction with the Supportive Services in Gulhane Military Medical Faculty Training Hospital. International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research , 2 (6), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.9/2015.2.6/9.6.109.117",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 324,
"width": 456,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Karaferis, D. C., & Niakas, D. A. (2024). Exploring Inpatients’ Perspective: A Cross- Sectional Survey on Satisfaction and Experiences in Greek Hospitals. Healthcare , 12 (6). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12060658",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 369,
"width": 457,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kleefstra, S. M., Zandbelt, L. C., de Haes, H. J., & Kool, R. B. (2015). Trends in patient satisfaction in Dutch university medical centers: Room for improvement for all. BMC Health Services Research , 15 (1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913- 015-0766-7",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 428,
"width": 456,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mahadevan, B. (2020). Comparative Analysis of Private Sector Hospital Performance Before and After Implementation of TQM and 5s. Science Journal of Public Health , 8 (4), 92–98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200804.11",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 473,
"width": 457,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mitropoulos, P., Vasileiou, K., & Mitropoulos, I. (2018). Understanding quality and satisfaction in public hospital services: A nationwide inpatient survey in Greece. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services , 40 , 270–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.03.004",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 532,
"width": 457,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mohammed, F., Taddele, M., & Gualu, T. (2021). Patient safety culture and associated factors among health care professionals at public hospitals in Dessie town, north east Ethiopia, 2019. PloS One , 16 (2), e0245966. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245966",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 592,
"width": 457,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Najmuddin, M., & Tan, P. (2024). The Antecedent Of Satisfaction And Its Impact On Loyalty In In-Patient Care (Study At Xyz Hospital Cirebon). Ekuitas (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan) , 8 , 85–104. https://doi.org/10.24034/ j25485024.y2024.v8.i1.5954",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 652,
"width": 457,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nasution, S. W., Lumbanraja, D. R., & Ginting, C. N. (2023). The Influence of Human Resources Competency and Service Quality on General Patient Satisfaction that Impact on Return Visits at the Husein Family Clinic. Jurnal Penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "589 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 86,
"width": 421,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendidikan IPA , 9 (12), 11803–11807. https://doi.org/10.29303/",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 100,
"width": 95,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "jppipa.v9i12.4807",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 115,
"width": 456,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ozretić Došen, Đ., Škare, V., Čerfalvi, V., Benceković, Ţ., & Komarac, T. (2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 130,
"width": 421,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Assessment of the Quality of Public Hospital Healthcare Services by using SERVQUAL. Acta Clinica Croatica , 59 (2), 285–293. https://doi.org/10.20471/ acc.2020.59.02.12",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 175,
"width": 456,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Padma, P., Rajendran, C., & Sai Lokachari, P. (2010). Service quality and its impact on customer satisfaction in Indian hospitals. Benchmarking: An International Journal , 17 (6), 807–841. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635771011089746 Pantouvakis, A., & Bouranta, N. (2014). Quality and price – impact on patient satisfaction. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance , 27 (8), 684– 696. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-10-2013-0128",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 264,
"width": 457,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Parasuraman, A. P., Zeithaml, V., & Berry, L. (1988). SERVQUAL A Multiple-item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality. Journal of Retailing , 64 , 12–40.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 309,
"width": 457,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Petre, A.-G. (2020). Study On The Influence Of Human Resources Management On Patient Satisfaction. Proceedings of the International Management Conference , 14 (1), 857–869.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 354,
"width": 457,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pini, A., Sarafis, P., Malliarou, M., Tsounis, A., Igoumenidis, M., Bamidis, P., & Niakas, D. (2014). Assessment of patient satisfaction of the quality of health care provided by outpatient services of an oncology hospital. Global Journal of Health Science , 6 (5), 196–203. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v6n5p196",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 414,
"width": 457,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rahim, A. I. A., Ibrahim, M. I., Musa, K. I., Chua, S.-L., & Yaacob, N. M. (2021). Patient Satisfaction and Hospital Quality of Care Evaluation in Malaysia Using SERVQUAL and Facebook. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) , 9 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101369",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 473,
"width": 456,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari, W. P., Farida, N., & Jati, S. P. (2019). The Influence of Hospital Trust and Service Quality to Patient Satisfaction and Loyalty. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 503,
"width": 421,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "on Inclusive Business in the Changing World . https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213289290",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 533,
"width": 457,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumaedi, S., Bakti, G., Rakhmawati, T., Astrini, N., Widianti, T., & Yarmen, M. (2016). Indonesian public healthcare service institution’s patient satisfaction barometer (IPHSI-PSB). International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management , 65 , 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-07-2014-0112 Thiakarajan, A., Sindhuja, A., & Krishnaraj, R. (2015). Service quality in hospitals at Chennai. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research , 34 , 238–242.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 637,
"width": 456,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vogus, T. J., & McClelland, L. E. (2016). When the customer is the patient: Lessons from healthcare research on patient satisfaction and service quality ratings. Human Resource Management Review , 26 (1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.hrmr.2015.09.005",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "590 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 86,
"width": 457,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Zhang, M., Wang, L., Wang, R., & Xiong, J. (2020). Measuring hospital process service quality: Emerging technologies’ challenge. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences , 12 , 319–336.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 169,
"width": 262,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Appendix 1. Hospital service quality constructs",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 208,
"width": 77,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Infrastructure",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 223,
"width": 434,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. The waiting rooms, examination rooms, clinics, operating theatres, and wards are exceptionally comfortable, safe, and clean.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 253,
"width": 237,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. The food provided is fresh and hygienic.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 268,
"width": 339,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Both physical and non-physical facilities are of high quality.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 283,
"width": 423,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. The registration process for incoming patients and the handling of deceased bodies is efficient.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 313,
"width": 414,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Ward spaces and beds are adequate and well-balanced for patients' needs.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 328,
"width": 322,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Ambulance services are readily available and affordable.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 343,
"width": 221,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "g. The hospital layout is highly efficient.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 357,
"width": 198,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "h. Hospital technology is advanced.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 372,
"width": 379,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "i. Adequate provisions are made for electricity, water, and sanitation.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 387,
"width": 277,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "j. The blood bank is well-stocked and dependable.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 417,
"width": 157,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Quality of Human Resources",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 432,
"width": 421,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Administrative officers and staff exhibit friendliness towards patients, their families, and visitors.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 462,
"width": 423,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Staff members are proactive in addressing patient concerns and complaints.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 477,
"width": 427,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Hospital facilities align with the information provided in hospital brochures.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 492,
"width": 313,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Patient needs are attentively addressed by the hospital.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 507,
"width": 360,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Doctors and nurses demonstrate high competence in their roles.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 522,
"width": 400,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Hospital treatment procedures are thoroughly explained and adequate.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 537,
"width": 429,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "g. Doctors, nurses, and staff display sincerity in their interactions with patients.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 566,
"width": 127,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Administrative Process",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 581,
"width": 270,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Waiting times for test results are notably short.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 596,
"width": 364,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Administrative procedures are streamlined and straightforward.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 611,
"width": 433,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Occurrences of surgical delays due to doctor or operating room unavailability are infrequent.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 641,
"width": 301,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Feedback or responses from the hospital are prompt.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 656,
"width": 248,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Patient rights are prioritized above all else.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 686,
"width": 46,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Security",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 701,
"width": 312,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. The hospital strictly adheres to a patient allergy policy.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 484,
"top": 729,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "591 | Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 754,
"width": 343,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article's contents are provided on a Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons license. To see the complete license contents, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 86,
"width": 416,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. All equipment and staff maintain high standards of hygiene and adhere to procedures (such as handwashing).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 115,
"width": 420,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. The hospital is particularly accommodating to individuals with disabilities.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 130,
"width": 122,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Overall Experience",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 145,
"width": 391,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Patients would readily recommend the hospital to friends and family.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 160,
"width": 417,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. The costs associated with the hospital's services are considered reasonable.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 175,
"width": 410,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "g. The current standard of hospital services surpasses that of other facilities.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 190,
"width": 429,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "h. Costs are perceived as reasonable considering the quality of service received.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 205,
"width": 408,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "i. Hospital doctors demonstrate a deep understanding of the importance of patient care.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 250,
"width": 113,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Social Responsibility",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 264,
"width": 283,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Medical care is administered fairly to all patients.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 279,
"width": 374,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. The hospital prioritizes value for money and the quality of service.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 294,
"width": 405,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. The hospital continues to serve patients irrespective of economic factors.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 309,
"width": 333,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Ethical service is extended to patients from all social strata.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 324,
"width": 346,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Patient privacy and confidentiality are diligently maintained.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 354,
"width": 64,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Satisfaction",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 369,
"width": 425,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Patients express satisfaction with administrative processes, accommodation, treatment, and discharge procedures.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 399,
"width": 408,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. High levels of satisfaction are reported regarding healthcare provided by doctors and nurses.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 429,
"width": 400,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Patients are satisfied with the responsiveness and efficiency of staff and administration.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 458,
"width": 427,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Satisfaction is evident with hospital costs, perceived to align with the quality of care received.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 488,
"width": 410,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Patients appreciate the comfort and cleanliness of their stay as well as the efforts of environmental and cleaning staff.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
8f259c3b-3f42-1d25-73ea-dc6b838380e8 | http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/istoria/article/download/62952/22029 | [
{
"left": 165,
"top": 40,
"width": 279,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah Volume 20, No 1, Maret 2024 Tersedia Online: https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/istoria",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 771,
"width": 203,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah p-ISSN: 1858-2621 e-ISSN: 2615-2150",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 108,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PSPB: Kurikulum Sejarah 1984 dan Pengaruh Terhadap Pemikiran Generasi Muda Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 149,
"width": 231,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rika Cahyani Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Semarang e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 193,
"width": 442,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak- Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji Kurikulum Sejarah 1984 dan pengaruhnya terhadap pemikiran generasi muda Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan penulisan. Sumber penelitian berupa buku, jurnal, dan penelitian relevan yang lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa materi ajar dalam pembelajaran sejarah era Orde Baru yang termuat dalam Kurikulum 1984 mengkaitkan antara pendidikan dan politik menjadi satu kesatuan yang erat. Melalui kurikulum tersebut, pemerintah berupaya untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan dengan mengubah kurikulum melalui penciptaan konten baru dan memasukkannya dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Konten tersebut kemudian disebut sebagai PSPB (Pendidikan Sejarah Perjuangan Bangsa). PSPB menjadi alat legitimasi kekuasaan Pemerintah Orde Baru yang disisipkan melalui pendidikan. Upaya tersebut terlihat dari konteks materi di setiap jenjang pendidikan dari SMP hingga SMPA yang membahas tentang “militer dan Pancasila” guna mendukung kekuasaan pemerintah. Militer digunakan untuk mengetahui peran pemerintahan dalam kemerdekaan dan Pancasila digunakan sebagai tameng perlindungan dibalik hegemoni Pemerintah Orde Baru. Kondisi tersebut berakibat pada pemeikiran generas muda yang hanya berfokus pada konteks Orde Baru dan tidak dibekali pengetahuan tentang era sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 401,
"width": 365,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: PSPB, Kurikulum 1984, Pendidikan Sejarah, Politik, Generasi muda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 440,
"width": 398,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PSPB: THE 1984 HISTORY CURRICULUM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE THINKING OF INDONESIA'S YOUNG GENERATION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 480,
"width": 231,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rika Cahyani Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Semarang e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 524,
"width": 442,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract- This research aims to examine the 1984 History Curriculum and its influence on the thinking of Indonesia's younger generation. The method used in this research is the historical method which consists of 4 stages, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and writing. The research sources are books, journals, and other relevant research. The results showed that the teaching materials in the New Order era history learning contained in the 1984 Curriculum linked education and politics into a close unity. Through the curriculum, the government sought to maintain power by changing the curriculum through the creation of new content and including it in history learning. The content was later referred to as PSPB (Pendidikan Sejarah Perjuangan Bangsa). PSPB became a tool to legitimize the New Order government's power through education. This effort can be seen from the context of the material at every level of education from junior high school to high school which discusses “the military and Pancasila” to support the government's power. The military was used to recognize the government's role in independence and Pancasila was used as a shield of protection behind the hegemony of the New Order Government. This condition results in the thinking of young generations who only focus on the context of the New Order and are not equipped with knowledge about the previous era..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 719,
"width": 381,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: PSPB, Curriculum 1984, History Education, Political, Young Generation",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 45,
"width": 366,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PSPB: Kurikulum Sejarah 1984 dan Pengaruh Terhadap Pemikiran Generasi Muda Indonesia Rika Cahyani 61",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 784,
"width": 153,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 96,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 442,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akhir-akhir ini generasi muda Indonesia sedang dihadapkan masalah pada penurunan kesadaran sejarah bangsanya sendiri. Generasi muda kurang memiliki pemahaman yang semestinya terhadap pembelajaran sejarah di sekolahannya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pembelajaran sejarah yang kurang optimal. Generasi muda (khususnya SMA) difokuskan pada materi sejarah yang seolah-olah hanya menghafal tahun dan nama tokoh saja. Menghafal seperti itu sangat menyulitkan generasi muda. Rasa nasionalisme generasi muda perlahan akan hilang di tengah kehidupan. Padahal Nasionalisme sangat penting untuk mempertahankan kemerdekaan negara kita. Dengan itu perlunya sebuah pendidikan sejarah yang optimal untuk kembali menumbuh kembangkan nasionalisme lewat pendidikan. Pada dasarnya pendidikan lah yang merupakan wahana penting kehidupan manusia. Tanpa pendidikan manusia tidak akan mengerti dan memahami betul sejarah akan bangsanya sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 255,
"width": 442,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sejarah pendidikan merupakan kebutuhan yang penting di dalam kehidupan manusia. Terealisasinya sebuah pendidikan tidak dapat dilepaskan dari adanya kurikulum. Dengan itu kurikulum menjadi faktor utama yang diperhatikan pemerintah dalam perkembangan zaman. Kurikulum memiliki kedudukan yang tidak tetap. Artinya pemerintah selalu mengganti kurikulum sesuai dengan masa kebijakannya. Salah satu kurikulum yang selalu mengalami perubahan dapat kita lihat pada mata pelajaran sejarah. Pada mata pelajaran sejarah kurikulum disesuaikan untuk membentuk karakter dan kepribadian bangsa. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada masa Orde Baru dimana kurikulum mata pelajaran sejarah mengalami perubahan selama 4 kali di dalam kebijakan pemerintah. Kurikulum tersebut meliputi: kurikulum 1968, kurikulum 1975, kurikulum 1984, dan kurikulum 1994 (Safei & Hudaidah, 2020a). Semua kurikulum yang diubah tersebut ditetapkan dalam rangka membentuk generasi muda yang siap menghadapi segala tugas dimasa yang akan datang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 407,
"width": 442,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salah satu kurikulum pada masa Orde Baru masih menjadi perdebatan serius pada ranah pendidikan. Kurikulum ini dapat dilihat pada kurikulum 1984 yang secara garis besar memainkan peran sentral di dalamnya. Hal ini sangat berhubungan dengan pemerintah yang berkuasa saat itu, dimana didalamnya hanya memuat beberapa materi yang berkonteks sama dan berulang pada setiap jenjang pendidikan. Materi inilah yang menyinggung lebih banyak peran pemerintah yang berkuasa demi keuntungannya sendiri. Materi-materi tersebut dapat ditemukan dalam buku teks kurikulum 1984 yaitu pada materi PSPB dalam mata pelajaran sejarah (Swarinoto & Umasih, n.d.). Rupanya pemerintah Orde Baru memiliki pencitraan yang sangat tajam, mereka menyadari bahwa sejarah merupakan pendidikan yang paling tepat untuk dimainkan. Pasalnya sejarah merupakan pendidikan yang mampu membentuk watak, karakter, jiwa nasionalis dan kebangsaan generasi muda (Hartono, 2017). Dengan itu akhirnya pemerintah mengganti kurikulum menjadi kurikulum 1984 tersebut dan memasukkan materi baru PSPB yang menyinggung mengenai nilai-nilai perjuangan kebangsaan Indonesia. Pada awalnya materi dalam kurikulum 1984 hanya menggunakan materi inti Sejarah Nasional Indonesia, akan tetapi disini pemerintah menambahkan konten materi baru dengan konsep kebangsaan dengan nilai Pancasilais, yaitu PSPB (Naredi, 2019). Materi baru PSPB inilah yang secara terang-terangan melakukan hegemoni politik besar demi kepentingan pemerintah yang berkuasa saat itu (Safitri, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 622,
"width": 442,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada masa Orde Baru dapat diartikan bahwasanya antara pendidikan dan politik sangat kental akan nuansanya. Politik dilakukan secara nyata dan tertutup didalamnya. Kepentingan pemerintah yang pribadi dilakukan secara nasional melalui buku teks sejarah sekolah, sehingga sangat mempengaruhi pemikiran seluruh peserta didik saat itu (Purwanta, 2013). Sejarah yang seharusnya memegang peran strategis untuk membentuk identitas, moralitas, dan watak generasi muda, justru dijadikan sebagai ajang propaganda dan instrumen politik belaka. Kurikulum pun menjadi hal yang tidak sesuai dengan bagaimana fungsi yang semestinya. Kurikulum yang seharusnya bisa membantu mengatasi segala permasalahan peserta didik di dalam pembelajaran, malah digunakan sebagai ajang penyelubungan dan pengilegalan kekuasaan pemerintah Orde Baru (Syafutra, 2016). Ibaratnya kurikulum 1984 merupakan angin segar yang memperlancar gerak pemerintah saat itu. Materi yang berhubungan dengan kekuasaannya disinggung rinci didalamnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 46,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "62 – ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 442,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan materi yang tidak terlalu penting atau tidak ada sangkut paut dengan kekuasaannya dibuang dan diabaikan dalam konteks pembelajaran sejarah (Safitri & Purwaningsih, 2016). Hal ini dilakukan supaya generasi muda hanya dapat melihat ideologi dan pandangan fokus kepada pemerintahannya. Pemerintah seakan terlihat sangat superior dan unggul dalam kemerdekaan Indonesia. Sehingga generasi muda dapat lebih patuh dan tunduk kepada mereka yang berkuasa didalamnya. Kondisi-kondisi seperti itulah yang dilakukan pemerintah Orde Baru untuk mempertahankan kekuasaannya. Dengan membuat materi yang mengagung-agungkan dirinya akan melanggengkan kekuasaan dan kedudukan di dalamnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 186,
"width": 442,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari kondisi tersebutlah yang memberikan sesuatu yang menarik untuk dikaji lebih dalam mengenai masuknya materi PSPB dalam kurikulum 1984 serta pengaruhnya terhadap pemikiran generasi muda Indonesia saat itu. Selain itu supaya hal ini mendapatkan perhatian lebih mengenai pandangan-pandangan politik yang terselubung dibalik pendidikan Orde Baru demi kepentingan kekuasaan pemerintah yang berkuasa. Pemerintah berusaha menyamakan maupun menyejajarkan pemikiran generasi muda untuk lebih melihat bahwa pemerintah Orde Baru adalah pemerintah yang baik dan sangat unggul. Pemerintah yang paling berjasa dalam negeri Indonesia. Pemerintah yang paling handal dibanding pemerintah sebelumnya. Generasi muda akan dibuat kagum dan tunduk pada kekuasaannya. Sehingga inilah yang disebut mengaburkan pandangan generasi muda tentang Indonesia sendiri. Disini akan diungkap lebih dalam mengenai politik tersembunyi namun terlihat secara terang-terangan memainkan peran sentral dibalik pendidikan sejarah Indonesia. Berdasarkan pada kondisi tersebut muncul berbagai permasalahan peneliti, yaitu bagaimana masuknya PSPB sebagai praktik ideologi pemerintah orde baru? Apakah benar PSPB merupakan praktik kurikulum tersembunyi? dan Bagaimana Pengaruh PSPB terhadap pemikiran generasi muda Indonesia?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 394,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 412,
"width": 58,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendekatan:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 423,
"width": 442,
"height": 328,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian mengenai “Masuknya PSPB Dalam Kurikulum Sejarah 1984 dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pemikiran Generasi Muda Indonesia” menggunakan pendekatan sejarah Historiografi melalui 4 tahapan, yaitu Heuristik, Kritik Sumber, Interpretasi, dan penulisan. Dalam hal ini penulis memanfaatkan teknik studi pustaka melalui buku maupun jurnal-jurnal yang relevan. Langkah awal yang dilakukan penulis yaitu tahap Heuristik atau pencarian sumber, disini penulis mencari sumber-sumber yang relevan melalui buku dan jurnal ilmiah. Tahap kedua yaitu Kritik Sumber, disini penulis melakukan pengujian atau pemilihan sumber-sumber yang relevan dan setema terkait konten PSPB dalam kurikulum 1984 pada masa Orde Baru. Sehingga disini penulis akan mendapatkan fakta-fakta penelitian terkait konten PSPB dalam kurikulum 1984 pada masa Orde Baru. Tahap ketiga yaitu Interpretasi atau penafsiran, setelah penulis mendapatkan temuan fakta-fakta, penulis melakukan analisis dan menginterpretasi sumber untuk diolah dan dikembangkan menjadi sebuah tulisan. Pada tahap penafsiran ini dilakukan untuk melihat kurikulum 1984 Orde Baru dengan hegemoni politik saat itu. Sehingga hal ini dapat membuktikan kepentingan politik penguasa dibalik konten materi PSPB dalam mempengaruhi pola pikir generasi muda Indonesia. Langkah terakhir yaitu Penulisan, disini penulis menyajikan hasil pengolahan data menjadi sebuah artikel ilmiah yang berjudul “Masuknya PSPB Dalam Kurikulum Sejarah 1984 dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pemikiran Generasi Muda Indonesia”. Topik inilah yang sangat membutuhkan perhatian supaya tidak ada lagi oknum pemerintah yang melakukan keuntungan kekuasaannya dibalik pendidikan terutama dalam mata pelajaran sejarah. Supaya seseorang menyadari betapa berharganya bahwa sebuah pendidikan itu dilakukan sepenuhnya untuk mencerdaskan generasi muda yang siap menghadapi segala tantangan yang ada. Dengan itu artikel ini akan disajikan penulis secara urut dan sistematis guna memudahkan pemahaman para pembaca. Penulis disini juga menggunakan metodologi sejarah dengan ilmu bantu politik setelah mengkaji beberapa fakta-fakta yang ditemukan. Sehingga artikel ini akan memberikan pengetahuan seseorang dengan nyata terhadap pendidikan pada masa Orde Baru khususnya PSPB dalam Kurikulum 1984.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 45,
"width": 366,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PSPB: Kurikulum Sejarah 1984 dan Pengaruh Terhadap Pemikiran Generasi Muda Indonesia Rika Cahyani 63",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 784,
"width": 153,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 95,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber Data:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 108,
"width": 442,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini penulis sepenuhnya menggunakan sumber data sekunder. Data sekunder merupakan data yang informasi sepenuhnya diperoleh secara tidak langsung atau melalui media lain. Disini penulis memperoleh data berasal dari jurnal-jurnal Ilmiah dan buku yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Jurnal ilmiah yang dominan menjadi pegangan penulis yaitu jurnal Avatara dalam pendidikan sejarah kurikulum Orde Baru yang ditulis oleh Ria Safitri & Purwaningsih. Hal ini memungkinkan penulis memperoleh data yang sangat gamblang terkait pendidikan pada masa Orde Baru. Selain pada jurnal tersebut penulis juga menggunakan jurnal- jurnal dan buku-buku yang lain untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan pendukung penulis dalam menguak fakta dibalik pendidikan Orde Baru. Dengan ini penulis menemukan data- data yang spesifik dengan penelitian yang dilakukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 247,
"width": 127,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik Pengumpulan Data :",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 260,
"width": 442,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari penelitian ini penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data secara studi pustaka. Studi pustaka disini merupakan teknik untuk mencari informasi atau data melalui literatur-literatur penunjang dengan cara menelaah dan menganalisis informasi yang ada pada literatur-literatur yang digunakan. Literatur yang didapat merupakan literatur yang benar-benar ilmiah dan relevan terkait dengan topik penelitian. Penulis menggunakan literatur dari buku dan jurnal yang sudah terakreditasi. Dengan itu data yang didapat penulis merupakan fakta yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenarannya. Dengan teknik analisis yang mendalam dan menyeluruh akan memberikan pengetahuan penulis dengan sangat jelas terkait informasi pendidikan pada masa Orde Baru. Sehingga data yang diperoleh ini merupakan data yang asli yang memuat fakta-fakta yang sebenarnya, sehingga tidak ada unsur manipulasi data apapun didalamnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 405,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 423,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Awal Masuk Konten Materi PSPB (Kurikulum 1984) dan Penyelubungan hegemoni politik Dalam Mata Pelajaran Sejarah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 448,
"width": 407,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Awal masuknya kurikulum 1984 sangat berhubungan dengan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (menteri P dan K) saat itu, yaitu Nugroho Notosusanto. Menteri P dan K Nugroho Notosusanto merupakan seorang sastrawan sejarah sekaligus menjabat sebagai kepala sejarah ABRI sejak tahun 1964. Kehidupannya tidak dapat dilepaskan dari dunia kemiliteran. Dengan itu pada saat Nugroho menjabat sebagai menteri P dan K 1983, kurikulum pelajaran sejarah yang sebelumnya memakai kurikulum 1975 diubah menjadi kurikulum 1984 dan memasukkan konten materi baru dalam pendidikan sejarah, yaitu PSPB (Pendidikan Sejarah Perjuangan Bangsa), dimana konten materi ini lebih mengagung-agungkan peran ABRI di dalamnya (Suparjan, 2020). Lahirnya PSPB dalam kurikulum 1984 dilatarbelakangi oleh utusan pemerintah Soeharto yang sedang memerintah saat itu. Alasan dibentuknya kurikulum ini dengan tujuan untuk menyempurnakan kurikulum 1975 yang dirasa masih rendah terhadap penanaman semangat kebangsaan dan sikap mempertahankan kemerdekaan. Dengan itu Nugroho Notosusanto mengakomodasi keinginan Soeharto ini di dalam kurikulum 1984 dan menetapkan konten materi PSPB ke dalam GBHN (Garis-garis Besar Haluan Negara) (Syafutra, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 651,
"width": 407,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lahirnya PSPB dalam kurikulum 1984 sangat terlihat jelas bahwa ada hubungan erat antara Nugroho Notosusanto dengan Pemerintah Soeharto. Kedekatan antara mereka berdua ternyata sudah sangat lama sehingga untuk menerbitkan buku dalam kurikulum baru pun sangat mudah untuk dilakukan. Kedekatan mereka dapat dilihat pada saat Nugroho Notosusanto sebelum menjabat sebagai Menteri P dan K Nugroho pernah melakukan penyusunan buku yang berjudul Sejarah Indonesia dengan jumlah 6 jilid. Disini Nugroho Notosusanto berhasil menerbitkan buku Sejarah Indonesia itu dengan mudah. Nugroho tidak pernah meminta izin kepada penulis untuk melakukan revisi beberapa kali. Tanpa meminta izin penulis sebelumnya, akan tetapi dengan restu pemerintah Soeharto",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 46,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "64 – ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 85,
"width": 407,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nugroho Notosusanto berhasil menerbitkan buku Sejarah Indonesia dengan sangat lancar (Sardiman & Yuliantri, 2012). Hal ini membuktikan bahwa kedekatan antara mereka sudah terjalin sejak lama, bahkan Nugroho Notosusanto dapat diartikan sebagai kaki tangan pemerintah Soeharto pada masa Orde Baru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 135,
"width": 407,
"height": 326,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masuknya materi PSPB dalam kurikulum 1984 tergolong sangat tergesa-gesa, buku pengajarannya pun belum dibentuk secara selesai, dan guru dengan jam yang kurang dalam pembelajaran, diberikan kebebasan untuk mengajar materi tersebut. Hal ini lah yang pernah membingungkan beberapa orang yang tidak menyetujuinya dan sempat menyebut PSPB ini sebagai Pembelajaran Supaya Peserta Bingung. Namun hal ini tetap membuat PSPB tetap masuk dalam kurikulum 1984 oleh Menteri Nugroho Notosusanto (Sardiman & Yuliantri, 2012). Saat PSPB berhasil diterapkan dalam kurikulum 1984 mata pelajaran sejarah, materi yang diambil difokuskan pada bagian-bagian tertentu saja. Tema yang diambil seputar penekanan pada militer (perjuangan fisik) dan kekuasaan pemerintah Orde Baru. Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam GBPP PSPB satuan SMA kelas 3 sebagai tujuan intruksionalnya 3.8 siswa dibuat yakin bahwa Orde Baru memiliki keberanian untuk membela keadilan dan kebenaran (Budiono & Awaludin, 2017). Dalam tujuan intruksional 3.8 tersebut juga dinyatakan bahwa orde baru berhasil memulihkan keadaan ketertiban Indonesia setelah terjadinya peristiwa G30S/PKI. Selanjutnya pada tujuan intruksional 4.1 siswa juga diharapkan untuk yakin terhadap kekuasaan Orde Baru yang telah berani membela kemerdekaan dan keadilan melawan PKI. Disini seolah-olah pemerintah Orde Baru mengklaim bahwa PKI yang telah menjadi dalang peristiwa itu, sehingga siswa dibuat yakin bahwa pemerintah Orde Baru sangat berjasa didalamnya. Pada tujuan intruksional 4.2 juga dijelaskan siswa dituntut untuk yakin terhadap pemerintah Orde Baru bahwa Orde Baru mengedepankan kepentingan negara dan rakyat Indonesia (Batubara, 2019). Kemudian pada tujuan kurikuler 5 menyatakan bahwa Orde Baru telah melaksanakan tekad Pancasila dan UUD 1945 dengan sangat murni dan konsekuen. Disini siswa akan memiliki pandangan bahwa Orde Baru memang benar-benar menjalankan ideologi negara dan konstitusional dengan penuh kemurnian. Selanjutnya dapat dilihat pada tujuan intruksional 5.3 sampai 5.6 semua keseluruhan materinya membahas mengenai kebijakan pemerintah Orde Baru dalam bidang sosial, politik, ekonomi dan stabilisasi keamanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 464,
"width": 406,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menariknya lagi pada materi ini juga terdapat unsur kesamaan antar jenjang pendidikan yang berbeda. PSPB pada satuan SMP kelas 3 hampir sama dengan materi satuan SMA kelas 3. Disini sangat menafsirkan bahwa pemerintah Orde Baru sedang mempromosikan dirinya melalui generasi muda (siswa). Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam GBPP IPS SMP kelas 3 pada tujuan kurikuler 4 bahwa Orde Baru telah melaksanakan Pancasila dan UUD 1945 dengan penuh konsekuen dan membahas bahwa Orde Baru telah berani membela keadilan dan kebenaran. Kemudian disini dapat dilihat pada tujuan intruksional 4.1 sampai 4.8 juga membahas secara keseluruhan kebijakan pemerintah Orde Baru dalam bidang sosial, politik, ekonomi, dan pembangunan nasional. Semua materi yang diajarkan 70% memiliki kesamaan dengan materi PSPB SMA. Peran Orde Baru sangat terlihat jelas mendominasi lewat jalur pendidikan. Hal ini sudah menjadi barang tentu bahwasanya pemerintah Orde Baru adalah pemerintah yang berkuasa saat itu (Safitri, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 616,
"width": 407,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah membahas dari GBPP PSPB SMA dan SMP kelas 3 materi PSPB pada jenjang SMA dan SMP kelas 2 wajib mendapatkan perhatian juga. Disini terdapat materi yang ada unsur “fitnah” dibalik PSPB yaitu pada materi G30S/PKI. Dapat kita lihat pada GBPP PSPB SMA kelas 2 pada tujuan intruksional 3.1 yang menjelaskan bahwa PKI merupakan pemberontak dengan memaksakan kehendak secara pribadi atau sepihak untuk menghancurkan NKRI. Dalam bahan ajarnya 3.1.6 juga dinyatakan bahwa PKI telah menuntut kaum buruh untuk dipersenjatai. Kemudian pada 3.1.7 muncul fitnah (isu) Jenderal dalam gerakan ini. 3.1.8 mengenai gerakan Nasakom. 3.1.9 mengenai penyakit Soekarno dan persiapannya dalam melakukan kudeta PKI. 3.1.10 kampanye oleh PKI dalam mengusir lawan politik. Terakhir pada 3.1.11 gerakan G30S/PKI secara keseluruhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 742,
"width": 406,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya pada GBPP PSPB SMP kelas 2 juga memiliki kesamaan dengan SMA kelas 2. Disini dapat dilihat pada tujuan intruksional 3.6 juga membahas mengenai PKI",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 45,
"width": 366,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PSPB: Kurikulum Sejarah 1984 dan Pengaruh Terhadap Pemikiran Generasi Muda Indonesia Rika Cahyani 65",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 784,
"width": 153,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 95,
"width": 407,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang memaksakan kehendak sepihak. Bahan ajar didalamnya pun juga sama mulai dari 3.6.1 sampai 3.6.8 membahas penuh mengenai PKI dalam pemberontakannya, fitnah Jenderal, sampai pada penumpasan penuh peristiwa G30S/PKI. Jika kita lihat secara mendalam hampir secara keseluruhan materi PSPB SMA dan SMP kelas 2 membahas tema yang sama yaitu mengenai G30S/PKI. Disini pemerintah menetapkan bahwa PKI seolah menjadi pemicu adanya pemberontakan 1965 ini. Siswa dituntut untuk percaya bahwa PKI adalah pemberontak peristiwa 1965, dan siswa dituntut untuk setuju bahwa tindakan yang dilakukan PKI terhadap bangsa Indonesia sangat menyimpang dan menyeleweng dengan konsep Pancasila. Jika siswa menyetujui hal tersebut maka siswa tersebut akan dianggap telah sesuai dengan ideologi Pancasila sebagaimana kesesuaian Orde Baru terhadap Pancasila. Selain menganggap PKI dalang dibalik peristiwa 1965, mulai memunculkan isu Jenderal dibalik peristiwa ini, sehingga peristiwa ini sangat menyulitkan pemahaman peserta didik didalamnya. Padahal jika dilihat secara analisis pemerintah Orde Baru sangat mengetahui betul adanya peristiwa 1965 ini. Nampaknya pemerintah Orde Baru sangat berkepentingan untuk melakukan pencegahan peristiwa ini. Siswa dibuat yakin bahwasanya Orde Barulah yang telah memiliki jasa dalam menumpas gerakan G30S ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 298,
"width": 407,
"height": 326,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah membahas mengenai materi G30S/PKI dalam PSPB kita alihkan pada fokus materi yang kedua yaitu mengenai Kemiliteran (Rahmawati, 2022). Dalam tema ini sangat berhubungan dengan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nugroho Notosusanto saat itu. Nugroho pernah menjadi seorang Tentara Militer masa Jepang (PETA) dan ia juga merupakan Kepala ABRI saat itu. Nugroho Notosusanto juga merupakan orang yang berjasa dalam peristiwa proklamasi kemerdekaan Indonesia, karena ia ikut serta dalam perang kemerdekaan saat itu. Pada akhirnya pada tahun 1972 Nugroho Notosusanto membentuk sebuah seminar yang diikuti oleh generasi muda dengan konteks bahasan mengenai pewarisan nilai-nilai kemerdekaan 1945. Dari hal inilah akhirnya Nugroho memunculkan PSPB dengan maksud dan tujuan yang dijelaskan didalamnya untuk pewarisan nilai-nilai 1945. Disinilah yang akhirnya PSPB banyak pembahasan mulai Kemiliteran pada masa Nugroho Notosusanto, yang dapat dibuktikan melalui GBPP PSPB SMA mulai kelas 1 sampai kelas 3. Dalam bahan ajar SMA kelas 1 mulai dari 2.1.6 sampai 2.1.10 disinggung lengkap mengenai sejarah militer mulai awal perkembangannya sampai pembentukan polisi negara. Kemudian pada kelas 2 SMA tujuan intruksional 3.1.1 mengenai KNIL, APRIS, dan KMB dalam sebuah militer. Tujuan intruksional 3.1.2 tentang peran militer dalam menumpas G30S/PKI. Terakhir pada jenjang kelas 3 SMA, tujuan intruksional 3.8.1 mengenai peran militer dalam pemulihan keamanan setelah peristiwa G30S/PKI. Pada tujuan intruksional 4.2.1 mengenai Supersemar yang merupakan bagian dari kemiliteran. Terakhir, pada tujuan intruksional 4.2.5 mengenai pernyataan oleh ABRI. Jika dilihat dengan cermat dapat terlihat bahwa materi PSPB ini sangat digunakan pemerintah yang berkuasa untuk kepentingannya. Disini peran militer yang berhubungan dengan Menteri P dan K Nugroho Notosusanto sangat diagung-agungkan, sangat dibahas secara gamblang dalam materi ini. Semangat mempertahankan nilai-nilai 1945 dijadikan sebagai motif penyelubungan semata untuk mempertahankan kedudukannya dalam memerintah saat itu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 627,
"width": 407,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika diamati dari materi-materi diatas mulai dari SMP dan SMA sangat terlihat jelas bahwa pemerintah Orde Baru sangat mendominasi. Penyelubungan politik dalam pembelajaran sejarah PSPB sangat terlihat jelas pada konteks pengulangan materi yang sama. Peran pemerintah Orde Baru sangat diunggul-unggulkan terutama dalam kebijakan dan kemiliteran untuk mempertahankan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Hal ini dilakukan supaya mendapatkan perhatian seseorang dan generasi penerus percaya bahwa ialah merupakan satu-satunya pemerintah yang sangat baik dalam memerintah. Hingga penyelubungan tersebut memiliki pengaruh yang sangat besar terutama pada generasi muda penerus bangsa Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 46,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "66 – ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 373,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Pengaruh Materi PSPB Terhadap Pemikiran Generasi Muda Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 97,
"width": 407,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kurikulum 1984 oleh Nugroho Notosusanto (Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan) awalnya memang memiliki beberapa tujuan yang meyakinkan masyarakat saat itu. Beberapa tujuan yang diterapkan diantaranya adalah membentuk generasi yang Pancasilais dan berdasar pembangunan, membentuk generasi yang memiliki kepribadian dan identitas nasional, membentuk watak dan karakter generasi muda, menumbuhkan jiwa nasionalisme bangsa, menjunjung tinggi bangsa Indonesia, dan menumbuhkan sikap tanggung jawab dan cinta terhadap bangsa sendiri (Syafutra, 2016). Akan tetapi pada kenyataannya setelah materi ini ditetapkan, secara terang-terangan materi tersebut terselubung praktik kekuasaan pemerintah orde baru yang melakukan pengilegalan kekuasaan di dalamnya (Safitri, 2016). Kondisi ini tidak sesuai dengan tujuan yang diterapkan, dimana yang utamanya ingin membentuk watak, identitas dan bangsa yang Pancasilais, justru bersemayam praktik politisasi, ideologi, dan kepentingan pemerintah Orde Baru yang semakin mendominasi (Alam, 2020; Fareza, 2016). Hal inilah yang akhirnya mengaburkan pandangan generasi muda terhadap sejarah bangsanya sendiri, karena materi yang ada tidak diceritakan secara obyektif akan tetapi lebih mengedepankan unsur subyektivitas dari si penulis sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 287,
"width": 407,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penulis Nugroho Notosusanto menganggap pendidikan menjadi hal yang krusial untuk kepentingan kebangsaan Indonesia. Sebagaimana hakikat pendidikan yang ditekankan berbunyi sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 323,
"width": 407,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Jika seseorang diberi ikan, maka orang tersebut akan memakan ikan setiap hari; Jika seseorang kau ajarkan cara menangkap ikan, maka ia akan memakan ikan seumur hidupnya! (Artinya) Pendidikan bukan hanya bersifat memberi ikan belaka, akan tetapi, juga harus mengajarkan bagaimana cara menangkap ikan” (Sardiman & Yuliantri, 2012) Jika melihat pada hakikat pendidikan menurut Nugroho Notosusanto tersebut sebenarnya kebijakan yang dilakukan sudah baik. Disini dapat diartikan bahwasanya dalam menyusun sebuah kurikulum tidak boleh hanya dijejali ikan, akan tetapi cara menangkap ikan. Dengan itu kurikulum harus disesuaikan dengan standar sesuai kebutuhan dari peserta didik. Sebenarnya pemikiran Menteri P dan K Nugroho Notosusanto sangat istimewa akan tetapi pengimplementasiannya dalam mengubah kurikulum tidak dilakukan atas dasar apa yang telah ditentukan. Kurikulum bukan dilakukan dengan berdasar kebutuhan para siswa, akan tetapi untuk kebutuhan penguasa, yang secara garis besar dapat dilihat pada materi PSPB yang seluruh isinya hanya mengarah kepada dominasi pemerintah Orde Baru semata (Sardiman & Yuliantri, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 503,
"width": 405,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pancasila Sebagai Tameng Hegemoni Politik Untuk Membentuk Kepatuhan Siswa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 528,
"width": 371,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pancasila merupakan ideologi yang harus dipegang teguh oleh seluruh bangsa Indonesia. Bangsa Indonesia harus berupaya tunduk dan selalu patuh pada konsep Pancasila. Hal ini yang dijadikan kesempatan pada masa Orde Baru untuk memainkan peran penting politiknya melalui Pancasila. Masa Orde Baru pemerintah dengan sengaja berlindung dibalik Pancasila untuk mempengaruhi pemikiran generasi muda didalamnya. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan penjabaran sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 617,
"width": 371,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertama , sebagaimana yang sudah dijelaskan penulis sebelumnya dalam GBPP PSPB SMA pada tujuan kurikuler 5 bahwa masa Orde Baru melaksanakan kebijakan sesuai Pancasila secara murni dan konsekuen. Kemudian pada GBPP PSPB SMP pada tujuan kurikuler 4 juga disebutkan bahwa peserta didik meyakini Orde Baru dalam membela kebenaran dan melaksanakan Pancasila sesuai kemurnian dan konsekuen (Priarni, Yaqin, & Imron, 2022; Safei & Hudaidah, 2020b) . Kedua , pada tujuan intruksional 5.2 SMA juga dijelaskan bahwa siswa harus patuh pada konsep Pancasila, serta tidak boleh menyimpang darinya. Kita dapat tarik sebelum PSPB masuk, masyarakat dibentuk sebagai manusia pembangunan ber-Pancasila, akan tetapi setelah PSPB masuk mulai lah diperbarui sebagai pendidikan berlandaskan Pancasila. Kata berlandaskan tersebut seolah-olah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 45,
"width": 366,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PSPB: Kurikulum Sejarah 1984 dan Pengaruh Terhadap Pemikiran Generasi Muda Indonesia Rika Cahyani 67",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 784,
"width": 153,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 95,
"width": 371,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "harus disesuaikan dan patuh terhadap Pancasila, apabila peserta didik yang menyimpang dianggap tidak memenuhi aturan kebijakan Orde Baru yang telah ditetapkan. Kondisi seperti ini akhirnya dipatuhi dan diyakini oleh peserta didik dengan sangat baik dan sejalan dengan aturan pemerintah Orde Baru. Selain itu siswa juga dituntut berpegang teguh dan mengamalkan Pancasila agar mengembangkan perbuatan yang berbudi luhur dan mencerminkan sifat kekeluargaan. Tujuan intruksional 5.2 yang dimaksud tersebut yaitu P4 yang merupakan Pedoman untuk mengamalkan Pancasila. Kemudian pada tujuan intruksional 5.5 SMA juga dijelaskan bahwa siswa dituntut menyadari musyawarah Nasional untuk membentuk rasa hormat menghormati antar semua agama di Indonesia. Ketiga, pada tujuan intruksional SMA 5.6 dijelaskan bahwa siswa harus yakin terhadap pembangunan nasional untuk membentuk kemakmuran yang berkeadilan sosial. Dalam bahan ajarnya 5.6.1 menyebutkan materi mengenai Pelita I-IV. Dari tujuan intruksional tersebut sangat jelas bahwa siswa dibuat yakin terhadap pembangunan yang dilakukan orde baru yang menyangkut Pelita I-IV merupakan bagian dari ideologi Pancasila.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 298,
"width": 371,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hal di atas sangat membuktikan bahwa Pancasila dijadikan tameng atau tempat perlindungan pemerintah Orde Baru untuk membentuk rasa patuh peserta didik terhadap kekuasaannya. Hal ini sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam artikel kurikulum Orde Baru yang ditulis oleh Ria Safitri yang menyebutkan serupa bahwa “pemerintah Orde Baru memainkan Pancasila sebagai alat perlindungan untuk setiap kebijakannya. Apabila ada yang melanggar akan dianggap bertentangan dengan ideologi Pancasila”. Kondisi seperti itu yang memberikan makna bahwa siswa dituntut untuk mempercayai seluruh kekuasaan Orde Baru dengan alasan Pancasila. Dengan itu siswa akan tergugah hatinya karena pada dasarnya ada embel-embel ideologi “Pancasila” yang harus dan wajib untuk dipatuhi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 424,
"width": 246,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. G30S/PKI (Membentuk Kepercayaan Siswa)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 437,
"width": 371,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebelum meletusnya gerakan G30S Indonesia sedang dihadapkan kondisi politik yang memanas terutama terhadap Soeharto dan Soekarno. Demokrasi terpimpin dengan Nasakomnya memberikan jalan bagi PKI ikut berperan dalam pemerintahan, yang menyebabkan menuai konflik didalamnya. Hal inilah yang membuat militer saat itu benci terhadap anggota PKI. Sehingga saat itu juga PKI dan Soekarno menjadi musuh terbesar anggota militer yang tidak bisa dibiarkan begitu saja. Kondisi ini sudah barang tentu jika PKI yang dihabisi karena ada musuh bebuyutan yang terjadi sebelumnya (Kurniawan, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 538,
"width": 371,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya, sebagaimana yang sudah penulis jelaskan dalam GBPP PSPB SMA dan SMP bahwasanya pada materi G30S pasti arahannya pada PKI. Secara umum PKI dianggap sebagai dalang dibalik kudeta 1965 ini. Anehnya lagi disini dijelaskan bahwa penumpasan peristiwa 1965 ini berhasil dilakukan oleh pemerintah Orde Baru. Pemerintah diartikan sebagai penyelamat kudeta 1965. Hal ini sangat memiliki tujuan untuk mempengaruhi pemikiran peserta didik didalamnya, bahwa pemerintah Orde Baru yang telah berjasa demi Indonesia menghadapi kudeta 1965.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 639,
"width": 371,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain itu disini peserta didik sangat diakrabkan dengan perkataan “pemberontakan”, “paksaan kehendak”, “G30S/PKI”, “penyelewengan UUD 1945”, Pancasila dan UUD secara murni dan konsekuen. Dari hal tersebut akan menggiring kata “pemberontakan” pasti dilakukan oleh PKI, DI/TII, APRA, RMS. Jika pada kata “penyelewengan UUD” pasti akan mengarah pada demokrasi terpimpin dalam Nasakomnya. Kemudian jika pada “paksaan kehendak” akan mengarahkan pada PKI. Jika berbicara pada “Pancasila dan UUD 1945” yang dilakukan secara murni dan juga konsekuen pastinya akan mengarah kepada pemerintah Orde Baru yang lebih baik dari sebelumnya. Dari pernyataan tersebut sangat jelas bahwa pemerintah Orde Baru sengaja membentuk pola pikir generasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 46,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "68 – ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 85,
"width": 371,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "muda untuk percaya bahwa pemerintah Orde Baru lah yang lebih unggul dari segalanya. Peserta didik akan dibuat benci pada kelompok yang ditunjuk dengan kata-kata yang beraliran negatif tersebut (pemberontakan, penyelewengan, pemaksaan kehendak). Tanpa disadari bahwasanya kata tersebut secara keseluruhan merupakan hegemoni pemerintah untuk dijadikan keuntungan Orde Baru sendiri. Kondisi seperti ini jelas membentuk pola pikir generasi muda supaya percaya dan loyal terhadap pemerintah Orde Baru (SAFITRI, 2016, p.652). Orde baru ditunjukkan secara sempurna dan harus didukung, sedangkan dari PKI dihabisi secara mutlak dan nyata. Hal tersebut sangat jelas bahwa sejarah digunakan sebagai doktrinasi siswa untuk mendukung hegemoni politik kekuasaan pemerintah Orde Baru (Sulthon, 2014).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 224,
"width": 405,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Militer (Membentuk Penerimaan Siswa Terhadap Militer Dalam Penyelenggaraan Negara)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 249,
"width": 371,
"height": 288,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Materi militer tentu memiliki kedudukan yang sama seperti materi PSPB yang lainnya. Materi ini sangat berhubungan dengan Nugroho Notosusanto yang telah menetapkan kurikulum 1984 dan memasukkan konten materi PSPB. Hal ini sudah menjadi barang tentu bahwasanya di dalam materi tersebut sangat menonjolkan dirinya sendiri. Sebagaimana sudah penulis jabarkan dalam GBPP PSPB SMA kelas 1 mulai dari bahan ajar 2.1.6 sampai 2.1.10 semua membahas lengkap mengenai peran militer sampai terakhir pembentukan kepolisian negara. Kemudian pada kelas 3 SMA juga menjelaskan mengenai tema yang sama, yaitu militer diunggulkan terhadap pemulihan keamanan dan ketertiban kondisi Indonesia pasca peristiwa G30S. Disini juga muncul pertanyaan mengapa dalam materi PSPB mengisahkan awal kemerdekaan sampai pemerintah Orde Baru? Apa hal ini merupakan internal yang berasal dari kisah Nugroho Notosusanto sendiri sehingga ia menulis buku ini juga demi keuntungannya sendiri. Hal ini tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa dalam pembahasan mengenai PETA dan kemerdekaan sebagai lahir dan semangatnya bangsa Indonesia sangat menjadi hal yang mengandung doktrinasi. Secara, Nugroho Notosusanto pernah mengikuti militer bentukan Jepang (PETA) sebelum kemerdekaan. Sedangkan pembahasan pada kemerdekaan sebagai semangat dan lahirnya bangsa Indonesia dilatarbelakangi oleh Nugroho Notosusanto yang mengikuti perjuangan fisik untuk memperjuangkan Indonesia sampai pada tahap kemerdekaan. Segi ini dibahas secara jelas dan rinci, mulai tahap awal perkembangan sampai pada pembentukan anggota kepolisian. Dengan itu sangat jelas bahwa kisah yang berhubungan dengan dirinya dan Orde Baru selalu ditonjolkan nyata dalam konten materi PSPB.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 540,
"width": 371,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konten militer tersebut sangat membentuk pola pikir generasi muda mengenai kehebatan militer dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan. Militer dimanfaatkan pemerintah Orde Baru untuk mempertahankan rezim kekuasaannya. Pemerintah Orde Baru menerapkan kebijakan secara ketat melalui jalur pendidikan. Selain itu Orde Baru juga mengekang setiap pendapat dari masyarakat. Dengan ini militer dimainkan dibalik layar untuk melancarkan misinya dalam birokrasi jabatan. Birokrasi yang dijabat meliputi Golkar, Kepala Daerah, hingga Menteri. Semua hal ini dilakukan supaya meyakinkan pikiran generasi muda bahwa militer adalah satu keutuhan yang baik dalam penyelenggaraan negara. Dengan itu generasi muda (siswa) akan mendukung setiap keputusan yang diambil pemerintah. Sebagaimana saat itu Golkar selalu menang beberapa kali pada saat pemilihan, karena disini pemerintah cerdas memainkan militer sebagai alat doktrinasi untuk kebutuhan rezim penguasa sendiri (Kurniawan, n.d, 2014). Sebagaimana hal ini diartikan bahwa militer telah membentuk ingatan kolektif peserta didik agar selalu ingat dan memahami betul terhadap sosok Nugroho Notosusanto dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan (Kusuma, n.d. 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 45,
"width": 366,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PSPB: Kurikulum Sejarah 1984 dan Pengaruh Terhadap Pemikiran Generasi Muda Indonesia Rika Cahyani 69",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 784,
"width": 153,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 95,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Penenggelaman Peran Sokarno",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 108,
"width": 371,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada materi PSPB terkait dengan pembahasan 1945 yang disoroti hanya seputar militer menteri Nugroho Notosusanto. Perjuangan fisik lebih ditonjolkan, dan peran Soekarno sebagai sosok pemimpin sebelumnya tidak disinggung positif di dalamnya. Nugroho menjelaskan alasan Soekarno tidak ditonjolkan di dalamnya karena Soekarno bukan anggota dari kemiliteran. Soekarno tidak berperan dalam perjuangan fisik. Sehingga Nugroho Notosusanto hanya menyoroti pembahasan 1945 hanya seputar dengan perjuangan fisik. Disini juga terdapat upaya penenggelaman Soekarno dalam materi tersebut, sebagaimana isi dari PSPB mengarahkan Soekarno pada hal-hal penyelewengan terhadap UUD 1945. Hal ini sebagaimana dibuktikan dalam GBPP SMA pada tujuan intruksional 3.7 yang menyatakan bahwa tindakan penyelewengan terhadap UUD 1945 merupakan hal yang semena-mena. Tindakan tersebut mengarah pada Soekarno, yang dapat dilihat dalam bahan ajar 3.7.1 yang menyatakan seputar Orde Lama mengenai konsepsi presiden Soekarno. Kemudian bahan ajar 3.7.2 menyatakan Dekrit Presiden dan UUD 1945 kembali lagi. Selanjutnya 3.7.3 Front Nasional dalam pembentukannya. Bahan ajar 3.7.4 pembentukan baru DPR Gotong-royong. Terakhir bahan ajar 3.7.5 yang membahas mengenai sidang pertama MPR.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 323,
"width": 371,
"height": 289,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika dilihat lebih lanjut isi dari bahan ajar PSPB tersebut sangat terlihat bahwa upaya Soekarno terhadap perjuangan bangsa Indonesia telah dihilangkan. Hal ini akan memberikan pandangan kepada siswa bahwa peran Soekarno mulai dari pembentukan Dewan Gotong-royong, Dewan-dewan Nasional, pembentukan Nasakom merupakan sikap yang tidak sesuai dan dianggap menyimpang dari UUD 1945. Dalam Nasakom juga disinggung didalamnya bahwa telah memberikan persatuan antara komunis, nasionalis, dan juga agama, dimana hal itu yang telah memberikan gerak luas PKI untuk bergabung dan berperan dalam pemerintahan. Hal semacam itulah yang dianggap sebagai hal yang berseberangan dengan ideologi Pancasila karena telah menggandeng pihak komunis yang tidak memiliki Tuhan. Disini sangat berbeda dengan Orde Baru dimana Orde Baru telah melaksanakan ideologi Pancasila secara murni dan konsekuen tanpa menyimpang (Safitri, 2016). Hal ini sengaja dilakukan supaya generasi muda memiliki pikiran bahwa Soekarno telah menyimpang dan tidak melaksanakan kebijakannya sesuai dengan apa yang semestinya. Tidak seperti Orde Baru yang baik dengan segala kebijakan berdasar keutuhan Pancasila yang murni. Siswa akan menganggap bahwa Soekarno berperan “kurang” dalam memerintah, dan Soeharto (Orde Baru) sangat tepat jika dijadikan presiden berulang kali. Padahal Soekarno merupakan pemimpin yang bukan sembarang pemimpin, beliau lah yang telah menyatukan bangsa dan berjasa dalam kemerdekaan 1945. Peristiwa seperti Inilah yang perlahan akan hilang di tengah pemikiran generasi muda, karena ia dikaburkan pandangan yang sangat kompleks yang hanya menceritakan sisi subyektif dari Orde Baru dan tidak membahas realitas terhadap Orde Lama.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 614,
"width": 371,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari beberapa poin diatas mulai Pancasila, G30S sampai Militer sangat memberikan pandangan bahwa semua isi konten materi PSPB sangat mempengaruhi pemikiran peserta didik. Hal ini memberikan dampak pada “kemacetan” pola pikir peserta didik untuk digiring pada pembenaran kekuasaan pemerintah Orde Baru. Materi yang berisi mulai dari kemerdekaan tidak menuliskan peran Soekarno sekalipun dalam Orde Lamanya. Pada Orde Lama yang disoroti hanya penyelewengan UUD 1945 pada Nasakomnya. Orde Lama sengaja dihilangkan dari pengembangan Historiografi, sedangkan Orde Baru ditulis secara dalam untuk memperkuat rezim pemerintah dalam politik barunya. Hal ini akan memberikan kecenderungan bahwa warisan dari Orde Lama dilegitimasi oleh pemerintah Orde Baru. Seharusnya milik dari Orde Lama digeser penuh dengan penekanan kebaikan pada Orde Baru (Seran, 2015). Hal semacam inilah yang akan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 46,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "70 – ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 85,
"width": 371,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menggiring peserta didik untuk percaya dan yakin secara penuh bahwa pemerintah Orde Baru lah yang bisa memberikan dampak baik bagi kemajuan Indonesia kedepannya. Hal ini sangat benar bahwa awal pembentukan PSPB telah didasarkan pada keputusan MPR karena pada dasarnya terselubung praktik politik yang memang sangat membutuhkan keputusan politik yang kuat di dalam sidang MPR 1982 (Nurrahmi, 2018)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 160,
"width": 371,
"height": 226,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika dilihat keseluruhan dari materi PSPB lebih mengedepankan perjuangan fisik belaka. Hal ini telah memperparah dan mengacaukan pemikiran generasi muda Indonesia. Generasi muda hanya mengetahui kalau sejarah bangsa itu direduksi seputar sejarah militeristik. Kata pemberontakan, perang, perjuangan, perlawanan, pertempuran sangat diakrabkan kepada generasi muda untuk mengetahui peristiwa sejarah bangsa di masa lalu. Kata tersebut seolah menjadi kunci agar generasi muda memiliki jiwa yang patriotisme, heroisme, dan rela berkorban dalam menghadapi pemberontakan-pemberontakan asing seperti perlawanan Jepang di Indonesia sampai pada proses kemerdekaan. Bagi generasi muda sejarah bangsa Indonesia hanya merupakan sejarah perang, pertumpahan darah yang kejam, konflik, dan selalu pada perselisihan. Hal inilah yang akan mengacaukan pemikiran generasi muda yang seolah-olah akan membenci pihak- pihak terdahulu yang menjajah Indonesia. Sampai sekarang pun generasi muda banyak yang salah pemahaman dengan ia tetap masih membenci pihak asing yang pernah menjajah Indonesia dengan alasan kekejaman, dan kebrutalannya terhadap bangsa Indonesia (Naredi, 2014). Dengan itu inilah yang menjadikan kesadaran peserta didik terhadap sejarah itu menurun karena salah pemahaman terhadap pelajaran sejarah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 406,
"width": 48,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 425,
"width": 442,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan kurikulum tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan kepentingan pemerintah. Pendidikan sangat kental dengan praktik politik yang mewarnai garis kehidupan. Sebagaimana dalam kurikulum sejarah, perubahan kurikulum yang seharusnya berubah kearah yang lebih baik justru bersemayam praktik politik yang memberikan dampak terhadap generasi muda. Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam kurikulum 1984 dimana kurikulum ini memasukkan materi PSPB untuk kepentingan penguasa. Kurikulum dan materi yang seharusnya dapat memperbaiki keberhasilan peserta didik, justru bertindak sebaliknya demi kepentingan para penguasa sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 513,
"width": 442,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masuknya PSPB sangat terbukti terselubung praktik politik dalam pendidikan. Materi yang disuguhkan seputar peran penguasa Orde Baru mulai dari kemerdekaan sampai masa Orde Baru sendiri. Anehnya Orde Baru terdapat suatu hal yang menjelekkan, seperti menuduh PKI, menuduh Jenderal, dan menyinggung negatif mengenai Soekarno. Hal ini sangat berbeda dengan Orde Baru, dimana peran penguasa Orde Baru sangat disinggung baik dan diunggulkan di dalamnya. Kondisi seperti ini yang bersifat sangat melegitimasi karena berusaha menghilangkan peran sebelumnya dan mengambil peran untuk dijadikan milik kekuasaan Orde Baru sendiri. Selain itu materi PSPB juga sangat kental dengan perjuangan fisik, dimana siswa akan dikaburkan pandangan bahwa sejarah merupakan sejarah yang berkonteks perang, dan perang. Generasi muda juga akan dibuat benci pada penjajah-penjajah yang berperang melawan bangsa Indonesia, karena disinggung jahat dalam materi PSPB. Disinilah yang akan memperparah pemahaman generasi muda, bukan tumbuh menjadi siswa yang siap di masa depan, tetapi malah tetap dengan sifat kedendamannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 665,
"width": 442,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hegemoni lain juga dapat ditemukan dalam ideologi, dimana penguasa berusaha menjadikan Pancasila sebagai tameng perlindungannya. Apa-apa kebijakan pemerintah selalu dikaitkan dengan ideologi Pancasila. Apabila terdapat kebijakan yang dilanggar, generasi muda maka akan dianggap tidak sesuai dan tidak patuh sebagai bangsa Indonesia. Dengan itu dapat dikatakan bahwa perubahan kurikulum ini tidak berjalan sesuai fungsinya. Kurikulum dalam materinya (PSPB) hanya dijadikan sebagai pemenuh untuk mempertahankan kedudukan kekuasaan belaka. Kurikulum yang seharusnya sebagai pedoman pendidikan yang siap membantu masalah di sekolah, membentuk watak generasi muda yang sebenarnya justru lebih mengesampingkan hal itu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 45,
"width": 366,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PSPB: Kurikulum Sejarah 1984 dan Pengaruh Terhadap Pemikiran Generasi Muda Indonesia Rika Cahyani 71",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 784,
"width": 153,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 95,
"width": 442,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "akan tetapi yang lebih dikedepankan adalah misi politik dengan sangat nyata dan lancarnya. Peserta didik selalu disuguhkan dengan kebaikan-kebaikan Orde Baru, selalu dibuat yakin bahwa Orde Baru adalah yang layak dari pemerintah sebelumnya, bahwa Orde Baru adalah yang paling berani melawan penjajahan di Indonesia. Dengan itu peserta didik akan meyakini keadaan tersebut dengan sangat baik, karena materi yang dikemas dalam PSPB sangat tersusun rapi tanpa tahu akan misi politiknya. Dengan itu setelah diungkap dan dilihat secara nyata dan gamblang, bahwa materi PSPB ini mengemban misi politisasi yang kuat dalam mempertahankan kekuasaan pemerintah Orde Baru. Tanpa disoroti betul peristiwa dibalik ini mungkin banyak generasi muda yang salah pemahaman terkait bangsanya sendiri, dan mungkin generasi muda akan selalu benci dan memiliki balas dendam jika dikaitkan dengan kata penjajah di Indonesia. Karena pada dasarnya sedari duduk di bangku sekolah masih mengental dan teringat di memori kolektif peserta didik akan suguhan materi PSPB tersebut. Kondisi tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa bukan hanya mempengaruhi pemikiran generasi muda akan tetapi juga memicu sifat buruk berupa kebencian yang mendalam terhadap seseorang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 273,
"width": 442,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Harapan kedepannya semoga pemerintah dalam kebijakannya benar-benar mengembangkan kurikulum sesuai kebutuhan peserta didik di sekolah, supaya bisa mencetak generasi unggul dan berkualitas sebagai generasi penerus bangsa Indonesia. Selain itu juga diharapkan agar tidak ada lagi oknum-oknum pemerintah yang mengedepankan kepentingannya dibandingkan kepentingan pendidikan yang berguna bagi seluruh bangsa. Karena sejatinya pendidikan yang berhasil harus dilakukan dengan tindakan pemurnian yang sebenarnya, bukan dilakukan atas dasar kepentingan pribadi semata.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 379,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 410,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alam, L. (2020). Kontestasi Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam Di Era Orde Baru Dan Reformasi. Ruhama: Islamic Education Journal, 3(2).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 442,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Batubara, U. N. (2019). Perkembangan Pembelajaran Sejarah Pasca Kemerdekaan-Reformasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah, 8(1), 14–34.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 473,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budiono, H., & Awaludin, A. F. (2017). Perkembangan historiografi buku teks sejarah di indonesia masa orde baru hingga reformasi. Efektor, 4(2), 36–43.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 504,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fareza, M. (2016). Dampak kebijakan perekonomian era orde baru terhadap pembangunan di Indonesia. Pendidikan Sejarah, UPY.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 536,
"width": 442,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hadi, N. (n.d.). Pendidikan Sejarah Perjuangan Bangsa (PSPB) Dan Deskontruksi Sejarah Indonesia Pada Masa Orde Baru.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 567,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hartono, Y. (2017). Model pembelajaran nilai-nilai karakter bangsa di Indonesia dari masa ke masa. Agastya: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Pembelajarannya, 7(01).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 598,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hendra Kurniawan. (n.d.-a). Mengkritisi Sumber Belajar Sejarah Peristiwa 1965: Antara Kepentingan Politik dan Ilmiah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 630,
"width": 442,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hendra Kurniawan. (n.d.-b). Mengkritisi Sumber Belajar Sejarah Peristiwa 1965 : Antara Kepentingan Politik dan Ilmiah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 661,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kusuma, S. P. (n.d.). Perspektif Pengajaran Sejarah di Indonesia. PATTINGALLOANG, 7(1), 110–118.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 692,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Naredi, H. (2019). Pendidikan sejarah perjuangan bangsa (pspb) dan dekonstruksi sejarah indonesia pada masa orde baru. HISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidik Dan Peneliti Sejarah, 3(1), 1–10.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 723,
"width": 442,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurrahmi, F. (2018). HEGEMONI IDENTITAS NASIONAL DALAM BUKU TEKS SEJARAH INDONESIA PADA MASA ORDE BARU. Jurnal Al-Bayan: Media Kajian Dan Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah, 23(2).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 46,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "72 – ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sejarah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 442,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Priarni, R., Yaqin, A., & Imron, A. (2022). Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam Masa Orde Lama Hingga Orde Baru; Perspektif Sejarah Pendidikan Islam Dan Implikasinya Pada Pendidikan Islam Era Reformasi Di Indonesia. An-Nafah: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Keislaman, 2(2), 100–109.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 129,
"width": 442,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Purwanta, H. (2013). Militer dan Konstruksi Identitas Nasional: Analisis Buku Teks Pelajaran Sejarah SMA Masa Orde Baru. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 23(1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 160,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmawati, R. (2022). Repelita: Sejarah Pembangunan Nasional Di Era Orde Baru. ETNOHISTORI: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebudayaan Dan Kesejarahan, 9(2), 36–42.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 191,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Safei, H., & Hudaidah, H. (2020a). Sistem Pendidikan Umum Pada Masa Orde Baru (1968-1998). J Humanit, 7(1), 1–13.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 222,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Safei, H., & Hudaidah, H. (2020b). Sistem Pendidikan Umum Pada Masa Orde Baru (1968-1998). Jurnal Humanitas, 7(1), 1–15.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 254,
"width": 442,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SAFITRI, R. I. A. W. (2016). Kurikulum Nasional Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Masa Orde Baru Tahun 1968-1998. Avatara, 4(3).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 285,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Safitri, R., & Purwaningsih, S. (2016). Kurikulum Nasional Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Masa Orde Baru Tahun 1968-1998. AVATARA, e-Journal Pendidikan Sejarah, 4(3), 644.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 316,
"width": 442,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sardiman, A. M., & Yuliantri, R. D. A. (2012a). Dinamika Pendidikan pada Masa Orde Baru: Kebijakan Daoed Joseof dan Nugroho Notosusanto. Unpublished Research Report. Yogyakarta: FIS UNY [Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta]. Available Online Also at: Http://Staff. Uny. Ac. Id/Sites/Default/Files/Penelitian/Rhoma% 20Dwi [Accessed in Surakarta City, Indonesia: October 9, 2017].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 386,
"width": 442,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sardiman, A. M., & Yuliantri, R. D. A. (2012b). Dinamika Pendidikan pada Masa Orde Baru: Kebijakan Daoed Joseof dan Nugroho Notosusanto. Unpublished Research Report. Yogyakarta: FIS UNY [Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta]. Available Online Also at: Http://Staff. Uny. Ac. Id/Sites/Default/Files/Penelitian/Rhoma% 20Dwi [Accessed in Surakarta City, Indonesia: October 9, 2017].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 455,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seran, A. (2015). Dua Versi Satu\" Fakta\" Sejarah? Hermeneutika Sebagai Acuan Kritik Ideologi Sejarah Orde Baru. Respons: Jurnal Etika Sosial, 20(02), 31–71.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 486,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sulthon, S. (2014). Dinamika Pengembangan KuriKulum Ditinjau Dari Dimensi Politisasi PenDiDikan Dan eKonomi. Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 9(1).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 517,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suparjan, E. (2020). Perubahan Kurikulum Pendidikan Sejarah Di SMA (1994-2013). JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan), 4(3).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 549,
"width": 442,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Swarinoto, D. M., & Umasih, U. (n.d.). Analisis Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Sejarah Perjuangan Bangsa (PSPB) di Sekolah Menengah Pertama 1983-1993. Historia: Jurnal Pendidik Dan Peneliti Sejarah, 6(1), 119–126.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 593,
"width": 442,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Syafutra, W. (2016). Implementasi Kebijakan Nugroho Notosusanto dalam Pengajaran Sejarah di SMA (1983-1985). Istoria: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sejarah, 12(2).",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
8a950730-4f2c-0dc1-c735-eb44912a2722 | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jks/article/download/66305/32607 | [
{
"left": 511,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 53,
"width": 401,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Alexander, Shiddiq Sugiono, Musik Protes di Indonesia Pada Era Reformasi:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 411,
"top": 65,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebuah Kajian Historis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 166,
"width": 442,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MUSIK PROTES DI INDONESIA PADA ERA REFORMASI: SEBUAH KAJIAN HISTORIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 210,
"width": 202,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Alexander 1 , Shiddiq Sugiono 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 224,
"width": 344,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Alumni Magister Pengkajian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa, Universitas Gadjah Mada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 250,
"width": 313,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Alumni Magister Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 289,
"width": 63,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 302,
"width": 458,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Protest music has become part of the political dynamics in a country, including Indonesia. This type of music appears as a form of resistance to policies that are not in accordance with the interests of the people. The Reformation Era was seen as a period that opened a wide range of creativity and the expression of public opinion. This builds on the idea that protest music will develop more diversely than during the New Order era. This study aims to describe the historical development of protest music in Indonesia in the reform era through the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu’s field of struggle and habitus. The method used in this research is historiography which is sourced from literature on the Internet. The results show that there are 4 periodizations that can be formed, namely: the first 10 years of the reform period, the start of the use of digital media, the rise of local issues and protest music in the criticism of power. Through the perspective of the field of struggle, protest music has become an effort for agents, in this case musicians, who have the cultural capital to fight against the domination of the structures formed by the government. Further research can explore protest music through interviews with relevant figures.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 517,
"width": 448,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Protest Music, Reform Era, Political Resistance, Habitus, Field of Struggle",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 543,
"width": 56,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 557,
"width": 458,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Musik protes telah menjadi bagian dari dinamika politik di suatu negara, termasuk Indonesia. Jenis musik tersebut muncul sebagai salah satu wujud perlawanan terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan yang tidak sesuai dengan kepentingan rakyat. Era Reformasi dinilai sebagai masa yang membuka secara luas kreativitas dan penyampaian opini dari masyarakat. Hal ini membangun sebuah gagasan bahwa musik protes akan berkembang lebih beragam dibandingkan dengan pada masa orde baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan mengenai perkembangan sejarah musik protes di Indonesia pada era reformasi melalui perspektif field of struggle dan habitus dari Pierre Bourdieu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada historiografi yang bersumber pada literatur-literatur di Internet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 periodisasi yang dapat dibentuk yakni: 10 tahun pertama masa reformasi, dimulainya pemanfaatan media digital, bangkitnya isu lokal dan musik protes dalam kritik kekuasaan. Melalui perspektif field of struggle , musik protes telah menjadi upaya bagi agen, dalam hal ini musisi, yang memiliki modal budaya untuk melawan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 112,
"width": 242,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "VOLUME 08, No. 01, November 2021: 67-83",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 53,
"width": 253,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Seni, Vol. 08, No. 01, November 2021:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 776,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "68",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 54,
"width": 28,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67-83",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 458,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dominasi struktur yang dibentuk oleh pemerintahan. Penelitian lebih lanjut dapat mendalami musik protes melalui wawancara dengan tokoh-tokoh yang relevan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 130,
"width": 453,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: Musik Protes, Era Reformasi, Perlawanan Politik, Habitus, Field of Struggle",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 166,
"width": 72,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGANTAR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 183,
"width": 220,
"height": 328,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kasus kekuasaan yang otoriter dan fraud kerap terjadi di banyak negara, misalnya yang terjadi Tiongkok pada era Mao Zedong yang menyebabkan terjadinya kelaparan besar di era 1960- an (Bernstein, 2006:422). Contoh lainnya adalah ketika kepemimpinan Taliban di Afghanistan yang menyebabkan banyak terjadinya pelanggaran hak asasi manusia (Johnson & Mason, 2007: 74). Otoritarianisme ini kerap merepresi kepentingan masyarakat. Represi ini memunculkan berbagai reaksi dalam masyarakat. Salah satu reaksi tersebut adalah perlawanan dari masyarakat terhadap penyimpangan terhadap kaum yang berkuasa. Perlawanan tersebut bisa muncul dalam berbagai bentuk, salah bentuk perlawanan yang mewarnai dinamika politik ini adalah musik protes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 513,
"width": 220,
"height": 229,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Musik protes dapat didefinisikan dari berbagai sisi, tergantung dari unsur ekstra musikalnya. Musik protes mengacu pada lagu di mana liriknya membawa suatu pesan yang bertentangan dengan suatu kebijakan atau bentuk tindakan yang dilakukan oleh pihak otoritas atau suatu kelompok sebagai institusi (Redman, 2016: 14). Musik tersebut turut menjadi bagian dari pergerakan sosial yang di mana dapat membantu suatu kelompok terinformasi dan mengarahkan mereka untuk tertuju pada praktik politik tertentu (Weij & Berkers, 2019:288).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 167,
"width": 220,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam praktik sosial, musik protes telah menjadi bagian dari perlawanan terhadap isu hak warga sipil di dunia, perang antar negara maupun penggunaan bom nuklir (Street, 2003). Selain itu musik protes dapat menjadi suatu media untuk meningkatkan kesadaran berbagai macam isu seperti ketidakadilan sosial maupun marginalisasi suatu kelompok masyarakat tertentu (Lidskog, 2017:11).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 332,
"width": 220,
"height": 410,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Musik sebagai alat perlawanan politik sudah dilakukan sejak lama di berbagai belahan dunia (Heilbronner, 2016: 690). Negara Amerika yang diklaim sebagai poros demokrasi mempunyai cerita yang unik tentang musik dan politik. Dard Neuman dalam artikelnya menjabarkan gambaran mengenai perkembangan tersebut (D. Neuman, 2008). Pada awal abad ke-20, organisasi Buruh Industri Dunia/ Industrial Workers of the World/ IWW membuat strategi agar pesan perlawanan kepada penguasa dapat diterima di masyarakat luas. Joe Hill, salah satu aktivis di IWW, mengubah lagu-lagu tradisional Eropa menjadi lagu bernada protes terhadap pemerintah dan penganut paham kapitalis. Lagu-lagu tersebut dinyanyikan pada setiap kampanye IWW. Hill merasa penyampaian protes melalui lagu lebih ampuh ketimbang melalui media cetak seperti pamflet. Adapun Hill menganggap bahwa lagu bersifat menghibur sehingga lebih mudah untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 511,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "69",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 53,
"width": 401,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Alexander, Shiddiq Sugiono, Musik Protes di Indonesia Pada Era Reformasi: Sebuah Kajian Historis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "diingat dan disebarluaskan kepada khalayak luas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 121,
"width": 220,
"height": 278,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan musik di Negara Tiongkok juga memuat sejarah adanya perkembangan musik protes di negara tersebut. Musik protes di negara tersebut memiliki perbedaan tersendiri dengan Amerika karena negara tersebut bukanlah negara demokrasi. Salah satu pergerakan musik protes di Tiongkok yang signifikan terjadi di akhir tahun 1980-an, sebelum peristiwa Tiananmen tahun 1989. Baranovitch menjelaskan bahwa musik protes bisa terjadi karena adanya pelonggaran dari rezim di Tiongkok pada akhir tahun 1970-an (Baranovitch, 2003). Salah satu genre musik protes yang berkembang pada era tersebut adalah musik Rock’n Roll/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 401,
"width": 220,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yaou Gun . Banyak lagu-lagu rock’n roll yang secara tidak langsung mengkritik kondisi politik di Tiongkok, contoh lagu tersebut adalah Tou Ji Fien Zi /oportunis yang dikomposisi oleh Cui Jian. Lagu ini berisikan ajakan secara frontal untuk maju dalam demonstrasi terhadap rezim komunis Tiongkok (Baranovitch, 2003:34).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 550,
"width": 220,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedua contoh tersebut menjelaskan bahwa perkembangan musik protes di suatu negara bersifat kontekstual. Sebagai contoh, aktor musik di negara Amerika Serikat adalah para buruh sedangkan pada aktor di negara Tiongkok adalah pada komunitas Rock’n Roll. Adapun perkembangan awal musik protes di negara Amerika Serikat adalah dalam rangka protes terhadap paham kapitalis sedangkan di negara Tiongkok lebih ditekankan pada perlawanan rezim",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "komunis. Keunikan perkembangan musik protes di suatu negara menjadi topik yang perlu dianalisis lebih lanjut sehingga dapat dipahami bagaimana peran musik dalam dinamika politik suatu negara .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 187,
"width": 221,
"height": 360,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Musik protes di Indonesia turut berkembang karena adanya perlawanan terhadap dominasi politik oleh kaum minoritas atau subordinat. Indonesia sendiri pernah berada dalam sebuah rezim yang otoriter, represif dan militeristik, yaitu orde baru (Hadi & Kasuma, 2006:44). Rezim ini dinilai telah membungkam kreativitas dan kebebasan rakyat Indonesia untuk mengungkap berbagai realitas dan praktik politik yang sebenarnya terjadi di lapangan (Hadi & Kasuma, 2006:46). Bahkan Televisi Republik Indonesia/TVRI yang menjadi satu-satunya stasiun televisi yang pada saat itu menutup kesempatan untuk menyiarkan musisi yang menyanyikan musik-musik protes (Umam, 2016: 1009). Meskipun begitu, perlawanan terhadap rezim atau pemerintah yang sedang berkuasa melalui musik protes tidak berhenti begitu saja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 550,
"width": 220,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Harry Roesli adalah salah satu musisi yang memiliki perhatian tersendiri dalam menyuarakan aspirasi politik melalui musik pada masa orde baru (Tyson, 2011). Salah satu karya yang terkenal dari Harry Roesli adalah opera musik rocknya yang berjudul “Ken Arok” pada tahun 1975. Roesli membuat sebuah pentas opera musik rock yang memiliki tema sosial. Biarpun tidak menyinggung pemerintahan orde baru, opera ini menyorot salah satu “penyakit”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 53,
"width": 253,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Seni, Vol. 08, No. 01, November 2021:",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 776,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "70",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 54,
"width": 28,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67-83",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 228,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "orde baru, yaitu tindak korupsi dari pejabat pemerintahan (Tyson, 2011:6-7). Pentas opera “Ken Arok” ini membuat Harry Roesli menjadi semakin terkenal. Roesli membawakan karya-karyanya di beberapa kota di Indonesia. Meskipun begitu, pementasan karya Roesli sempat mendapat intervensi dari pemerintah. Pada suatu pementasan di Semarang pada tahun 1976, polisi mengintervensi konser Roesli. Alasan penghentian konser ini dari pihak kepolisian karena isi konser ini “kasar dan tidak sopan” (Tyson, 2011:10).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 319,
"width": 220,
"height": 426,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perlawanan politik melalui musik juga dihasilkan oleh musisi yang memiliki nama panggung Iwan Fals. Lagu yang dibuat oleh musisi tersebut cenderung lebih frontal dibandingkan karya-karya musisi seangkatannya. Berbagai tema yang dimunculkan dalam musiknya antara lain protes terhadap isu ketidakadilan, penindasan, serta kritik terhadap pemerintahan yang berkuasa (Darmawan, 2020: 59). Rezim orde baru, melalui aparat, sudah beberapa kali menolak izin konser Iwan Fals dengan dalih memicu kerusuhan. Di saat musisi-musisi lain takut oleh pencekalan yang dilakukan pemerintah saat itu, Iwan Fals tetap memiliki keberanian untuk menggelar konser musik dan membawakan musik-musik protes. Pada tahun 1980-an beberapa konser Iwan Fals sempat disabotase melalui pemadaman listrik secara paksa karena membawakan lagu yang menyindir pemerintahan yang berkuasa saat itu (Nuri, 2013:62). Bahkan pada bulan April 1984, musisi tersebut sempat ditahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "oleh aparat keamanan karena lirik lagu yang berjudul Demokrasi Nasi diduga menyindir tokoh pemerintahan (Nuri, 2013:62).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 154,
"width": 221,
"height": 294,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Baik Harry Roesli maupun Iwan Fals adalah contoh pergulatan yang terjadi saat membuat karya musik protes di era orde baru. Karya-karya mereka adalah wujud atas ketidaksukaan maupun ketidaksetujuan terhadap bentuk- bentuk kebijakan rezim yang mengekang kebebasan politik dan melanggengkan penyelewengan kekuasaan. Aparat pun menjadi “garda depan” dalam menghentikan setiap konser yang menurut rezim berpotensi subversif. Meskipun begitu, pada akhirnya perjuangan mereka tidak sia-sia ketika pada tahun 1998 presiden Soeharto mengundurkan diri. Adapun momen tersebut menjadi tanda berakhirnya rezim orde baru di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 451,
"width": 220,
"height": 294,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah rezim orde baru tumbang, mulailah adanya era reformasi. Era ini memberikan kebebasan yang tidak ada pada era sebelumnya, salah satunya kebebasan dalam menyuarakan opini terhadap pihak yang berkuasa melalui kreativitas. Wibisono dan Kartono (2016: 71) mengatakan bahwa tumbangnya rezim Orde Baru melalui kerusuhan sosial 1998 membuka gerbang atas ruang- ruang kebebasan untuk menyalurkan kreativitas, berekspresi, serta pendapat di ruang publik. Kondisi yang bebas seperti ini tentu sangat berpengaruh dengan kebebasan berekspresi dalam berkarya seni. Dalam konteks seni rupa, era reformasi berbagai praktik seni rupa mulai tampil di ruang publik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 511,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "71",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 53,
"width": 401,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Alexander, Shiddiq Sugiono, Musik Protes di Indonesia Pada Era Reformasi:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 411,
"top": 65,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebuah Kajian Historis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "melalui berbagai media dan strategi (Santi & Budiman, 2019: 78). Kebebasan dalam berpendapat di era reformasi turut dimanfaatkan musisi untuk menjadikan musik sebagai medium ketidakpuasan terhadap pemerintah yang berkuasa (Susanto, 2019). Berdasarkan argumentasi yang telah disampaikan, rezim orde baru memberikan sebuah dinamika baru dalam perkembangan seni di Indonesia tak terkecuali di bidang musik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 286,
"width": 220,
"height": 294,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rekonstruksi cerita mengenai perkembangan musik protes secara akademis memiliki urgensi tersendiri karena mampu menjadi referensi dalam membangun berbagai argumentasi ilmiah bagi penelitian di bidang seni. Rekonstruksi sejarah melalui pendekatan ilmiah diharapkan mampu mewujudkan bukti-bukti yang objektif (Hakim, 2018: 78). Adapun hasil rekonstruksi sejarah dapat berfungsi sebagai referensi yang bermanfaat dalam studi sejarah di suatu negara karena memunculkan konteks yang multidimensional (Hakim, 2018; 70). Dalam menuliskan suatu perkembangan sejarah maka diperlukan sebuah metode yang sesuai agar runtutan kejadian dapat direkonstruksi secara akademis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 583,
"width": 220,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggambaran tentang musik protes di era reformasi dapat dilakukan dengan adanya pencarian fakta secara historis atau berdasarkan sejarah pada era tersebut. Sejarah pada dasarnya dapat dikaitkan dengan perilaku manusia. Keterkaitan tersebut dapat dilakukan karena sejarah adalah peristiwa yang berkaitan dengan perjalanan hidup seseorang atau sekelompok manusia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mcculagh menjelaskan kaitan antara kajian perilaku manusia dengan sejarah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 123,
"width": 195,
"height": 292,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Historians draw upon their general beliefs about causes of human actions in two quiet different contexts. The first is when interpreting evidence. Once historians have decided who created a piece of observable evidence, they are interested in the circumstances of it’s creation so as to learn more about the past, particularly those features of the past which is interested them. The second context is when historians want to explain an action of historical significance, and then the cause they look for depend upon the kind of explanation they desire. It may be they want to know all the important causes of the action; or just the important; or the conditions which account for one action being perfomed rather than another.” (McCullagh, 2003: 70)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 425,
"width": 220,
"height": 328,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "McGullach mengatakan bahwa secara umum sejarawan menginterpretasi bukti–bukti yang ada secara besar- besaran dengan menghubungkan kemungkinan–kemungkinan yang masuk akal, kemudian bukti–bukti ini dipakai untuk merekonstruksi masa lalu (2003: 10). Berdasarkan pernyataan Mcculagh tersebut maka dapat disampaikan bahwa penelitian terhadap sebuah peristiwa sejarah mampu memberikan gambaran yang mendalam terhadap suatu peristiwa atau objek yang berkaitan dengan manusia. Salah satu gambaran mendalam yang dimaksud dapat berupa konteks sejarah. Adapun konteks tersebut menjadi latar belakang yang memunculkan jawaban mengenai signifikansi historis dari sebuah peristiwa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 53,
"width": 253,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Seni, Vol. 08, No. 01, November 2021:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 776,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "72",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 54,
"width": 28,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67-83",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 410,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terdapat beberapa penelitian historiografi musik dalam konteks negara Indonesia yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Andrew et al. (2017) melakukan kajian sejarah mengenai skena musik dan infrastruktur musik bawah tanah/ underground pada periode 1970-1990. Maulida (2018) melakukan kajian sejarah terhadap musisi Utha Likumahuwa dan perannya dalam perkembangan musik jazz di Indonesia antara tahun 1966-1986. Ardivitiyanto (2015) mengkaji sejarah perkembangan musik dengan genre rock di kota Malang antara tahun 1970-2000. Adapun Hidayat (2018) mengkaji sejarah perkembangan musik rock yang lebih luas pada konteks negara Indonesia. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji secara historis mengenai musik protes pada era reformasi sehingga akan memberikan sebuah kebaruan mengenai perjalanan dan perkembangan musik protes sebagai sebuah genre yang turut menjadi bagian dari dunia perpolitikan di Indonesia pada era tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 500,
"width": 220,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam menganalisa perkembangan musik protes reformasi, pemikiran teori field of struggle dan habitus dari Pierre Bourdieu akan dipakai sebagai perspektif penelitian. Field dalam pengertian Bourdieu adalah sebuah arena sosial yang berisi usaha perjuangan atau manuver terhadap sumber-sumber tertentu secara spesifik, dengan adanya tingkatan perbedaan yang spesifik dan konkret. Sedangkan habitus adalah hasil penyesuaian dari kondisi objektif dari hubungan dialektis atau timbal-balik di antara lingkungan sosial dan lingkungan fisik (Jenkins, 1992; 49 dan 52).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 410,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemikiran Bourdieu tentang kondisi field dalam produksi kultural ini bisa dikaitkan dengan konteks penelitian. field mengacu kepada skena politik Indonesia beserta dinamikanya. Sedangkan habitus subjek dalam penelitian ini mengacu kepada gambaran perspektif secara umum dari musisi pembuat musik protes serta aparat & politisi yang terkait dalam field tersebut. Musisi diposisikan sebagai agen yang melawan dominasi struktur, dalam hal ini pemerintah. Musisi juga diposisikan sebagai agen yang mempunyai pengaruh atau kuasa untuk menggerakkan potensi kelas subordinat melalui musik protes. Modal atau capital yang mungkin didapat dari para agen ini adalah modal pendidikan musik/ musikal, modal pengalaman politik, modal budaya, modal simbolik/status sebagai musisi. Teori tersebut dinilai memiliki relevansi dengan dinamika perkembangan musik protes di Indonesia sehingga kerangka sejarah yang dibuat akan memiliki nilai ilmiah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 500,
"width": 220,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historiografi dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode tersebut terdiri atas empat tahapan yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi (Hedriani, 2016). Heuristik merupakan suatu aktivitas pencarian dan pengumpulan berbagai sumber yang memiliki hubungan dengan topik kajian. Sumber sejarah dalam hal ini antara lain sumber tertulis, lisan, benda atau artefak. Penelitian ini menekankan pada pencarian sumber tertulis, terutama pada artikel jurnal ilmiah. Tahap selanjutnya adalah kritik sumber di mana dalam tahap ini data penelitian dikritisi kembali otentisitas dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 511,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "73",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 53,
"width": 401,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Alexander, Shiddiq Sugiono, Musik Protes di Indonesia Pada Era Reformasi: Sebuah Kajian Historis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kredibilitasnya sehingga dapat dibedakan fakta yang benar dan palsu. Tahap ketiga dalam kajian ini adalah interpretasi atau sintesis di mana tahap ini merupakan aktivitas penafsiran fakta dan menentukan makna serta mencari keterhubungan dari fakta-fakta yang diperoleh. Tahap terakhir adalah historiografi di mana tahap ini adalah aktivitas penyampaian hasil rekonstruksi imajinatif dari masa lampau pada karya tulis ilmiah sehingga menjadi sebuah kisah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 286,
"width": 220,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel jurnal dan ulasan musik yang digunakan sebagai data dalam kajian ini diperoleh melalui pencarian literatur secara daring. Literatur yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "diperoleh harus memiliki relevansi dengan topik yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini sehingga diperlukan suatu prosedur. Adapun prosedur pencarian literatur yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode yang diajukan oleh Francis & Baldesari (2006) Tahapan pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui prosedur disajikan pada tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 236,
"width": 220,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alasan dari penggunaan pendekatan kualitatif dalam studi ilmu sosial sendiri antara lain untuk membangun realitas sosial dan makna budaya (Neuman, 2013). Adapun hasil penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif lebih kaya dengan suatu deskripsi (Palmer & Bolderston,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 374,
"width": 445,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Prosedur Penelusuran Literatur No Tahapan Uraian 1 Merumuskan pertanyaan penelitian memiliki relevansi dengan topik yang dibahas. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam kajian ini adalah: Bagaimana perkembangan musik protes di Indonesia pada era reformasi ? 2 Melakukan penelusuran literatur pada basis data melalui kata kunci. • Basis data yang akan digunakan untuk menelusuri data penelitian adalah google scholar .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 468,
"width": 253,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "• Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam penelusuran literatur adalah:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 492,
"width": 443,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Musik protes, perlawanan politik, era reformasi. • Penelusuran literatur dilakukan mulai dari bulan Desember 2020. 3 Melakukan penyaringan artikel dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kriteria inklusi: • Artikel yang membahas musik protes dalam periode era reformasi. • Artikel yang membahas peran musik protes dalam menyatakan ketidaksetujuan terhadap kebijakan pemerintah.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 601,
"width": 244,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "• Artikel yang membahas bentuk-bentuk musik protes di era reformasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 625,
"width": 84,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kriteria eksklusi:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 637,
"width": 441,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "• Artikel yang membahas musik protes di luar konteks Indonesia dan sebelum era Reformasi. 4 Analisis dan sintesis terhadap berbagai temuan secara kualitatif. Seluruh artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi akan dianalisis intisarinya sehingga hasil analisis tersebut dapat disintesis menjadi sebuah historiografi. 5 Melakukan kendali mutu terhadap literatur. Pada bagian ini, hasil analisis dan sintesis akan diteliti kembali sehingga sesuai dengan topik kajian. 6 Menampilkan temuan dari literatur yang diperoleh. Hasil temuan akan disajikan pada bagian analisis dan interpretasi data.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 53,
"width": 253,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Seni, Vol. 08, No. 01, November 2021:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 776,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "74",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 54,
"width": 28,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67-83",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2006). Berdasarkan tatanan tersebut, kajian ini akan membangun kembali dinamika musik protes yang menjadi bagian dari budaya masyarakat Indonesia di era pasca reformasi. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini merupakan akan berjenis naratif sehingga historiografi mengenai perkembangan musik protes dapat diceritakan dengan suatu alur tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 252,
"width": 82,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 269,
"width": 220,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran literatur sesuai dengan prosedur yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ditetapkan, terdapat tiga belas literatur yang berupa jurnal ilmiah. Tabel 2 menyajikan daftar literatur yang akan digunakan sebagai data penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 154,
"width": 220,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dua belas literatur tersebut akan dinarasikan dalam sebuah historiografi yang menggambarkan perkembangan musik protes di era reformasi melalui beberapa periodisasi yang dibentuk dari sintesis temuan penelitian. Adapun periodisasi tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 323,
"width": 117,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Data Penelitian",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 343,
"width": 448,
"height": 257,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Judul – Penulis (tahun) Uraian Literatur 1 “Musik Indie Sebagai Praktik Perlawanan Terhadap Rencana Reklamasi Teluk Benoa, Bali” - (Kusuma, 2020) Literatur ini membahas kelompok BTR sebagai pergerakan untuk melawan otoritas pemerintahan yang akan membangun reklamasi di pulau bali melalui musik protes. 2 “Satire Politik Dalam Lagu Andai Ku Gayus Tambunan” - (Rahmiati, 2011) Literatur ini membahas lagu dengan judul “Andai Ku Gayus Tambunan”, dimana lagu tersebut memunculkan lirik yang bergaya satire. 3 “Jogja Ora Didol Representasi Perlawanan Masyarakat Yogyakarta Studi Kasus Grup Musik Jogja Hip Hop Foundation” - (Usada, 2015) Artikel ini membahas mengenai lagu dengan judul “Jogja Ora Didol”. Adapun lagu tersebut merupakan kritik bagi pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta yang dinilai gagal dalam mengatur kotanya. 4 “Pemaknaan Realitas Serta Bentuk Kritik Sosial Dalam Lirik Lagu Slank” - (Sugiwardana, 2014) Artikel ini membahas mengenai musik protes yang diproduksi oleh kelompok musik slank dalam mengkritik tokoh-tokoh pemerintahan. 5 “Penerimaan Masyarakat Terhadap Kritik Sosial Dalam Video Speech Composing Karya Eka Gustiwana Di Youtube” - (Angkawijaya, 2017) Artikel ini membahas tentang bagaimana khalayak menerima dan memaknai video musik speech composing karya Eka Gustiwana yang membahas mengenai kritik sosial terhadap pejabat pemerintahan yang melakukan korupsi.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 601,
"width": 172,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 “Pemaknaan Khalayak Terhadap",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 601,
"width": 437,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marginalisasi dalam Pendidikan dan Kritik Sosial pada Lirik Lagu Putra Nusantara” - (Khurrosidah & Rahardjo, 2018) Penelitian ini membahas tentang pemaknaan khalayak terhadap lagu Putra Nusantara yang berisikan kritik sosial mengenai marginalisasi pendidikan di Indonesia. 7 “Kritik dan Realitas Sosial dalam Musik (Analisis Wacana Kritis pada Lirik Lagu Karya Iksan Skuter \"Lagu Petani\")” (Fadilah, 2018) Artikel ini membahas mengenai karya dari Musisi Iksan Skuter yang berjudul “Lagu Petani”. Lagu tersebut berisikan kritik sosial terhadap kesejahteraan hidup petani di",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 704,
"width": 48,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 511,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "75",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 53,
"width": 401,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Alexander, Shiddiq Sugiono, Musik Protes di Indonesia Pada Era Reformasi:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 65,
"width": 449,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebuah Kajian Historis No Judul – Penulis (tahun) Uraian Literatur 8 “Penggambaran Kritik Sosial Pada Lirik Lagu Marsinah dan Buruh Migran Pada Grup Band Marjinal” - (Budiman Sudarsono Andi Murniadi, 2017) Artikel ini membahas mengenai lagu dengan judul Marsinah dan Buruh Migran yang dipopulerkan oleh grup band marjinal. Lagu- lagu tersebut menceritakan tentang penderitaan hidup TKW yang tidak diperhatikan oleh pemerintah.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 173,
"width": 215,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 “Wacana Relasi Kelas dalam Lirik Lagu (Analisis Wacana Lirik Lagu “Ilmu Politik”, “Lara Dimana-mana”, dan “ Ada-ada Saja” dari Band Efek Rumah Kaca. - (Setiawan,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 173,
"width": 447,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2017a) Literatur ini membahas beberapa karya dari grup band Efek Rumah Kaca dan kaitannya dengan wacana relasi kelas di Indonesia. 10 “Makna Kritik Sosial Pada Lirik Lagu Merdeka Karya Grup Musik Efek Rumah Kaca” - (Qusairi, 2017b). Literatur ini membahas tentang kerancuan pemaknaan merdeka bagi orang Papua dalam karya grup musik Efek Rumah Kaca. 11 “Ekspresi Musikal dan Kritik Sosial pada Lagu \"Bahaya Komunis\" Karya Jason Ranti” - (Prasetya & Sunarto, 2019a) Literatur ini membahas karya dari seorang musisi bernama Jason Ranti yang mengkritisi narasi komunis yang sengaja dilanggengkan dan dilebih-lebihkan. 12 “Social Criticism 2019 Ganti Presiden: A Critical Discourse Analysis” - (Herlina, 2019) Artikel ini menganalisis lirik lagu yang berjudul 2019 ganti presiden melalui analisis wacana kritis. Adapun lagu tersebut merepresentasikan persatuan dari kelompok kelas bawah maupun pekerja.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 394,
"width": 220,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 Tahun Pertama Era Reformasi: Musik Protes dan Semangat Musisi Orde Baru",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 444,
"width": 220,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Distribusi musik di era reformasi musik protes dapat terjadi di berbagai media secara bebas. Adapun di awal masa reformasi, berbagai musisi yang aktif pada era orde baru masih terlibat memberikan kritik pada pemerintah antara lain seperti Iwan Fals dan kelompok musik Slank. Tema lagu yang mereka angkat masih menyinggung praktik-praktik ketidakadilan dan ketidakberesan sosial yang terjadi pada pemerintah/penguasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 625,
"width": 220,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahun 2004, Penyanyi Iwan Fals memberikan suatu kritik serta pesan moral kepada elite politik di Indonesia melalui tayangan konser di salah satu Televisi Swasta (Pawito, 2005). Dalam hal ini, pertunjukan musik menjadi salah satu perwujudan dari budaya pop yang digandrungi oleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 395,
"width": 220,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kelompok usia muda. Adapun karakter dari Iwan Fals menjadi representasi simbol perlawanan serta perjuangan terhadap permasalahan sosial. Melalui lagunya, Iwan Fals menyuarakan kritik dan pesan moral terhadap elite politik dan pimpinan bangsa. Pawito (2005) menyampaikan bahwa konser musik menjadi salah satu media yang tepat untuk menjangkau kelompok usia muda yang dalam hal ini memiliki semangat untuk memperjuangkan ideologi tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 593,
"width": 220,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahun 2008, grup musik Slank turut mengkritik pemerintah yang sedang berkuasa melalui lagu berjudul “Cekal”. Selain itu melalui lagu yang berjudul “Seperti Para Koruptor”, kelompok musik tersebut mencoba untuk menggambarkan keresahan dan memberikan kritik mengenai ketidakadilan hukum bagi kelompok marginal. Gaya penyampaian protes melalui satir turut disampaikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 53,
"width": 253,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Seni, Vol. 08, No. 01, November 2021:",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 776,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "76",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 54,
"width": 28,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67-83",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 221,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "oleh kelompok Slank melalui lagu “Bang- Bang Tut”. Kelompok musik Slank menjadi salah satu aktor musik protes yang memiliki peran besar di Indonesia. Kelompok tersebut telah melahirkan berbagai macam karya yang bertujuan untuk mengkritik pemerintahan (Sugiwardana, 2014:91). Slank dalam hal ini sempat digugat oleh DPR karena merasa tersinggung oleh lirik lagu yang dinyanyikan oleh band tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 269,
"width": 220,
"height": 278,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari perspektif field theory dapat dilihat bahwa pada dasarnya Iwan Fals dan Slank adalah agen atau musisi yang memiliki berbagai modal, baik modal budaya maupun simbolik atau status. Iwan Fals adalah sosok yang digandrungi masyarakat khususnya kalangan muda dan terpelajar (Pawito, 2005), begitu juga Slank merupakan grup band yang memiliki penggemar dari berbagai kalangan dan penjuru Indonesia. Modal simbolik/status sebagai musisi tersebut memberikan suatu gagasan bahwa musik protes pada periode ini telah menjadi suatu budaya populer yang dibawakan oleh musisi atau agen dengan modal simbolik yang kuat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 550,
"width": 220,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemerintahan reformasi yang pada waktu itu, sekitar tahun 2004-2008, berumur hampir satu dasawarsa masih dianggap sebagai sebuah pemerintahan yang fraud, setidaknya dalam perspektif karya Slank dan Iwan Fals . Posisi rakyat yang tetap menjadi subordinat yang dieksploitasi terpampang dalam hasil karya musik protes Iwan Fals dan Slank. Penggugatan DPR terhadap lagu Slank adalah usaha perwujudan kekuasaan simbolik terhadap rakyat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sebagai subordinat. Biarpun begitu, adanya penggugatan dari DPR juga menunjukkan bahwa musik protes dirasakan DPR sebagai ancaman yang layak digugat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 186,
"width": 218,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahun 2011: Dimulainya Pemanfaatan Media Digital",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 220,
"width": 221,
"height": 327,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seiring dengan perkembangan z a m a n , t e k n o l o g i d i g i t a l t e l a h memungkinkan penggunanya untuk melakukan pertunjukan musik melalui kanal online . Media tersebut menjadi suatu alat yang sangat mendukung demokrasi dalam berpendapat karena setiap orang mampu menciptakan konten dan menunjukkan kreativitasnya sendiri. Berbagai platform digital telah disediakan bagi pengguna media digital untuk mengunggah karyanya sehingga dapat didengar oleh khalayak yang lebih luas. Adapun berdasarkan hasil penelusuran literatur, kemunculan musik protes pada media digital mulai terlacak di bulan Januari tahun 2011. Tidak hanya dari musisi saja, kemunculan teknologi digital turut menghadirkan masyarakat umum sebagai aktor yang memproduksi musik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 550,
"width": 221,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Januari 2011, muncul sebuah lagu satir yang dipopulerkan oleh Bona Paputungan di kanal Youtube dengan judul “Andai Ku Gayus Tambunan” (Rahmiati, 2011:72). Lagu tersebut menyampaikan pesan-pesan satir terhadap fenomena mafia pajak dan menampilkan keadaan kelompok marginal yang tidak mempunyai power serta hanya dapat menerima keadaan. Adapun dengan melalui kanal Youtube, lagu tersebut turut menjadi konten",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 511,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "77",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 53,
"width": 401,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Alexander, Shiddiq Sugiono, Musik Protes di Indonesia Pada Era Reformasi: Sebuah Kajian Historis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 87,
"width": 220,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "multimedia di mana lagu tersebut tidak hanya berbentuk audio namun diiringi dengan visualisasi yang mendukung pesan lagu tersebut. Penyampaian pesan dalam lagu protes tersebut dikemas dalam bentuk yang menarik sehingga mudah diterima oleh masyarakat luas dan populer dalam waktu yang singkat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 220,
"width": 221,
"height": 311,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahun 2013 musisi Eka Gustiwana menyampaikan kritik kepada pejabat-pejabat di lembaga pemerintahan yang melakukan korupsi melalui musik dengan format speech composing (Angkawijaya, 2017). Musisi tersebut menggunakan Youtube sebagai media utama untuk mendistribusikan hasil karyanya. Melalui kreativitasnya, E k a G u s t i w a n a m e m o t o n g d a n menggabungkan berbagai percakapan dari berbagai publik figur serta menambahkan aransemen musiknya pada potongan-potongan tersebut. Konten yang menarik dari musisi tersebut tentu saja mengundang banyak perhatian dari pengguna Youtube sehingga dapat memperoleh jumlah penonton yang relatif tinggi (Angkawijaya, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 533,
"width": 220,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karya Paputungan dan Gustiwana yang viral di internet menunjukkan implikasi perkembangan teknologi dalam field of struggle musik protes di Indonesia. Karya mereka dapat diakses lebih mudah sehingga proses informasi dapat terjalin dengan cepat. Modal simbolik/status yang dimiliki Paputungan dan Gustiwana tidak sekuat musisi papan atas lainnya. Biarpun begitu, teknologi membantu mereka untuk mencapai tujuannya dalam menyebarkan karya musik protes yang telah dibuat. Paputungan dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gustiwana mampu menjadi agen dalam melawan pemerintahan yang rumpang dengan Youtube sebagai salah satu modal yang kuat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 170,
"width": 221,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahun 2013: Musik Protes dan Kebangkitan Isu Lokal",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 203,
"width": 220,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada periode era reformasi terdapat beberapa musisi yang menyampaikan kritik dalam lingkup lokal kepada pemerintah melalui berbagai medium dan strategi. Musik protes tidak hanya dikenal sebagai karya seni yang bersifat mengkritisi pemerintahan secara global tetapi juga berbagai permasalahan dalam lingkup yang lebih sempit. Adapun perkembangan media digital berperan dalam proses produksi, distribusi hingga konsumsi musik protes pada periode ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 401,
"width": 220,
"height": 344,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gerakan Bali Tolak Reklamasi (BTR) yang berlangsung secara masif pada tahun 2013-2018 turut menghadirkan musik protes sebagai bagian dari penyampaian opini terhadap pemerintahan (Kusuma, 2020). Dalam gerakan ini, musik Indie menjadi simbol perlawanan melalui panggung konser dengan mengenakan atribut kaos BTR dan bendera “forBALI”. Tujuan utama dari musik protes ini adalah untuk mencabut Perpres 51 Tahun 2014 yang diterbitkan pada saat pemerintahan Presiden RI Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Adapun lagu musik protes yang digaungkan saat itu berjudul “Bali Tolak Reklamasi”. Tidak hanya sebagai pementas musik, namun dalam hal ini musisi telah menjadi agen yang menyampaikan ideologi perlawanan kepada para penonton maupun penggemarnya. Berbagai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 53,
"width": 253,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Seni, Vol. 08, No. 01, November 2021:",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 776,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "78",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 54,
"width": 28,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67-83",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kelompok musik ikut berpartisipasi dalam konser ini antara lain Superman Is Dead (SID), Navicula, The Hydrant dan lain-lain. Selama 5 tahun terdapat 64 event musik untuk menyebarluaskan paham BTR kepada masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 187,
"width": 221,
"height": 360,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahun 2014, kelompok musik Jogja Hip Hop Foundation meluncurkan lagu yang berjudul Jogja Ora Didol yang merupakan kritik bagi pemerintah Y o g y a k a r t a a t a s k o m e r s i a l i s a s i kota (Usada, 2015: 17). Kritik yang disampaikan memiliki cakupan yang luas, mulai dari kesemrawutan kota, menjamurnya hotel dan mall , teror sampah visual yang berupa iklan-iklan di ruang publik, hingga kekerasan berkedok agama. Kemunculan budaya populer barat telah menjadi kiblat bagi gaya hidup kelompok muda. Jogja Hip Hop Foundation turut menggunakan media digital untuk menyampaikan musik protesnya yang berjudul Jogja Ora Didol (Usada, 2015:17). Melalui websitenya ( hiphopdiningrat.com ) dan laman soundcloud nya ( javahiphop ) mereka membuka akses bagi masyarakat untuk mengunduh lagu tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 549,
"width": 220,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kekuatan utama dari lagu Jogja Ora Didol adalah ketegasan dari lirik dan bahasa yang disampaikan secara gamblang (Usada, 2015:24). Komersialisasi kota telah membawa perubahan sosial bagi masyarakat Yogyakarta. Dalam lagu tersebut secara gamblang disebutkan bahwa anak- anak muda telah menjadikan budaya populer sebagai berhala yang disembah. Selain itu dukungan pemerintah atas munculnya pusat perbelanjaan modern",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "turut mengubah gaya hidup masyarakat. Musik Jojga Ora Didol memiliki suatu kekuatan tersendiri untuk membangun keeratan bagi masyarakat Jogjakarta sehingga muncul pergerakan sosial yang berjalan secara masif untuk bersama- sama menyuarakan keresahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 203,
"width": 221,
"height": 311,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lagu Jogja Ora Didol turut menjadi bagian dari gerakan sosial yang menolak pelacuran budaya dengan kedok pariwisata serta investasi di Yogyakarta (Usada, 2015:18). Gerakan tersebut merupakan upaya masyarakat Yogyakarta untuk mengkritisi buruknya manajemen pemerintahan dan memiliki kesan serampangan. Muncul berbagai gerakan sosial dari masyarakat Yogyakarta salah satunya adalah aksi merti kutho di mana dalam aksi tersebut masyarakat berseru secara bersama- sama bahwa Yogyakarta mulai dijual kepada investor. Kesamaan suara dari warga Yogyakarta akhirnya membangun suatu gerakan sosial kolektif hingga menciptakan komunitas yang bernama “Warga Berdaya”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 517,
"width": 220,
"height": 228,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahun 2015, kelompok musik Efek Rumah Kaca/ERK mengeluarkan album yang berjudul Sinestesia dimana di dalamnya terdapat lagu “Ilmu Politik”, “Lara Di Mana-Mana”, dan “Ada-Ada Saja” (Setiawan, 2017b). Ketiga lagu tersebut merupakan respons ERK terhadap berbagai peristiwa politik dan pandangan yang kontra terhadap penguasa/pemerintahan. Adapun melalui lagu-lagunya tersebut ERK mencoba untuk menyampaikan bahwa terdapat praktik hegemoni dan dominasi dalam melanggengkan kekuasaan dari kelas penguasa. Setiawan (2017) juga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 511,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "79",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 53,
"width": 401,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Alexander, Shiddiq Sugiono, Musik Protes di Indonesia Pada Era Reformasi: Sebuah Kajian Historis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menilai bahwa produksi lirik dan musik oleh masyarakat luas adalah representasi dari ideologi demokrasi yang mengalir di dalam diri mereka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 154,
"width": 220,
"height": 311,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahun 2016, ERK merilis satu buah lagu yang berjudul Merdeka (Qusairi, 2017). Lagu tersebut berisi kritik sosial kepada pemerintah Indonesia karena kerap membuat kebijakan yang merugikan warga Papua. Makna yang tersirat dari lagu menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Indonesia telah merdeka, namun kemerdekaan tersebut belum tercipta di tanah Papua. Penjajahan masih dirasakan oleh rakyat Papua karena datangnya investor asing yang mengeksploitasi sumber daya alam secara berlebihan sehingga manfaat positif yang didapatkan tidak setara dengan dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan. Adapun lagu ini turut didistribusikan melalui media internet sehingga siapapun dapat mengunduhnya secara gratis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 467,
"width": 220,
"height": 278,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahun yang sama, musisi yang bernama Iksan Skuter turut merilis lagu yang berjudul “Lagu Petani” (Fadilah, 2018). Lagu tersebut diciptakan dengan latar belakang karena di Indonesia permasalahan agraria telah memunculkan wacana “darurat agraria”. Makna yang ingin disampaikan dari lagu tersebut adalah adanya realitas sosial di mana pemerintah lebih mengedepankan investor-investor dalam membangun pabrik dibanding memperhatikan nasib para petani. Selain itu, isu agraria seakan- akan dikesampingkan oleh isu yang lebih penting seperti pembangunan, investasi jangka panjang, dan kepentingan umum. Sama seperti beberapa lagu sebelumnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "lagu ini menunjukkan bahwa musik protes pada masa reformasi bertujuan untuk memberikan kritik melalui realitas sosial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 154,
"width": 221,
"height": 294,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Grup Band Shaggydog turut menyuarakan kritik sosial mengenai pendidikan di Indonesia melalui lagu yang berjudul Putra Nusantara pada tahun 2016 (Khurrosidah & Rahardjo, 2018). Makna yang ingin disampaikan pada lagu tersebut adalah mahalnya biaya pendidikan di Indonesia sehingga hanya anak-anak dari kelompok kelas atas saja yang mampu mengenyam pendidikan berkualitas. Adapun kesetaraan pada pendidikan merupakan janji palsu yang dibuat oleh pejabat- pejabat saat pemilihan umum. Melalui analisis penerimaan, salah satu hasil penelitian tersebut menyebutkan bahwa ada masyarakat yang setuju dengan isu marginalisasi pendidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 451,
"width": 220,
"height": 294,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Baik pada lagu Marsinah, gerakan Bali Tolak Reklamasi, lagu Jogja Ora Didol, Lagu Merdeka dari ERK, Lagu Petani dari Eksan Skuter maupun Putra Nusantara, keseluruhan lagu tersebut menggambarkan sebuah perlawanan pada suatu struktur dominasi dalam skena politik Indonesia. Musik protes yang dibuat tidak hanya tertuju pada praktik-praktik penguasa seperti korupsi namun mulai mencakup kritik atau dampak sosial yang diakibatkan oleh penyalahgunaan kuasa. Melalui modal simbolik yang dimilikinya, musisi sebagai agen mendobrak struktur dan berusaha untuk menguatkan kesadaran sosial dari masyarakat luas. Usaha ini dilakukan agar terdapat kesamaan persepsi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 53,
"width": 253,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Seni, Vol. 08, No. 01, November 2021:",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 776,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "80",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 54,
"width": 28,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67-83",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengenai suatu ketidakadilan dalam masyarakat. Musisi berkooptasi dengan konflik aktual yang terjadi di masyarakat dan didukung dengan masuknya musik protes sebagai budaya populer sehingga seluruh lapisan masyarakat dapat mendengar tidak hanya masyarakat kelas bawah namun juga masyarakat kelas atas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 252,
"width": 219,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahun 2017: Musik Protes dan Dinamika Pemerintahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 286,
"width": 220,
"height": 311,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kritik akan paradigma tentang sebuah ideologi politik di masyarakat dapat ditemukan dalam musik protes di era reformasi. Pada tahun 2017 Jason Ranti merilis lagu “Bahaya Komunis” sebagai bagian dalam album “Akibat Pergaulan Blues” (Prasetya & Sunarto, 2019b). Lagu ini diciptakan Jason Ranti dengan latar belakang kejengahan terhadap sikap masyarakat dalam menyikapi isu yang beredar di masyarakat mengenai kebangkitan komunisme di Indonesia. Salah satu momen yang menginspirasi Ranti adalah ketika adanya video yang beredar viral dan menggemparkan masyarakat. Video tersebut menampilkan adanya sebuah spanduk yang bertuliskan “Bangkitnya PKI Gaya Baru” (Prasetya & Sunarto, 2019: 160).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 599,
"width": 220,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jason Ranti sendiri adalah musisi indie atau tidak bergantung pada korporat besar dalam mendistribusikan karyanya. Maka dari itu, distribusi dilakukan secara DIY (Do-it-Yourself) atau melalui sebuah pola distribusi mandiri. Jason juga memanfaatkan digital store seperti iTunes, Spotify, Joox, SoundCloud dan Deezer. Selain digital store , Jason",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ranti juga menyampaikan karya lagunya melalui media sosial seperti Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, dan YouTube. Jason Ranti juga masih mencetak album “Akibat Pergaulan Blues” di rilisan fisik berupa cd dan didistribusikan di beberapa toko musik yang masih idealis menjual rilisan fisik (Prasetya & Sunarto, 2019: 168).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 220,
"width": 220,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada masa reformasi, musik protes telah menjadi media untuk mengumpulkan suara-suara pada saat masa pemilihan kepala negara. Pada tahun 2019, berbagai musisi serta tokoh masyarakat secara beramai- ramai mempopulerkan lagu “2019 Ganti Presiden”. Lagu tersebut merupakan media penyampaian opini masyarakat terhadap pemerintahan yang bermasalah sehingga berimbas pada kondisi ekonomi, politik, bahkan praktik korupsi di Indonesia (Herlina, 2019). Adapun lagu tersebut menjadi bagian dari pergerakan sosial #2019gantipresiden.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 467,
"width": 220,
"height": 278,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penjabaran fenomena tentang kemunculan lagu “Bahaya Komunis” dan “2019 Ganti Presiden” di atas menunjukkan beberapa persamaan. Baik Jason Ranti maupun musisi kolaborator “2019 Ganti Presiden” sama-sama menyikapi dinamika politik yang aktual di tahun tersebut. Para musisi sebagai agen kemudian mewujudkan respons terkait dinamika tersebut dalam karya lagu. Karya ini adalah wujud kelindan habitus musikal dan ekstra musikal masing-masing agen terkait dengan dinamika politik. Biarpun begitu kedua karya ini memiliki arah yang berbeda. Jason Ranti dalam lagunya “Bahaya Komunis” menyentil propaganda anti-komunis yang sering dilakukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 511,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "81",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 53,
"width": 401,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Alexander, Shiddiq Sugiono, Musik Protes di Indonesia Pada Era Reformasi: Sebuah Kajian Historis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pemerintah. Sedangkan para musisi kolaborator dalam lagu “2019 Ganti Presiden” berusaha “menggoyangkan” dominasi incumbent dalam konteks pemilu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 170,
"width": 77,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 187,
"width": 220,
"height": 558,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian historiografi ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 periodisasi yang dapat dibentuk dari analisis data, yakni: 10 tahun pertama masa reformasi, dimulainya pemanfaatan media digital, bangkitnya isu lokal dan musik protes dalam kritik kekuasaan. Jika dilihat dari perspektif field of struggle, musik telah menjadi upaya bagi agen, dalam hal ini musisi, yang memiliki modal budaya untuk melawan dominasi struktur yang dibentuk oleh pemerintahan. Dalam konteks Indonesia, tidak hanya ketidakadilan atau praktik korupsi dari pejabat pemerintah, namun dampak sosial yang ditimbulkan turut menjadi sasaran dari musik protes yang diciptakan oleh musisi. Adapun kehadiran teknologi digital dinilai memiliki peran dalam mengubah konsep agen di mana dalam konteks ini tidak hanya musisi saja, namun masyarakat umum dapat memiliki akses untuk menyampaikan musik protes secara luas. Budaya demokrasi turut menjadi pemicu bagaimana karya-karya yang menentang pemerintahan dapat lahir dari berbagai aktor, baik musisi maupun masyarakat umum. Kelemahan penelitian ini terletak pada sumber referensi yang berasal dari artikel ilmiah saja sehingga penelitian lebih lanjut dapat melengkapi hasil penelitian ini melalui referensi sejarah dari berbagai sumber.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 87,
"width": 107,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 104,
"width": 220,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andrew, T. V., Sihombing, R. M., & Ahmad, H. A. “Musik, Media, Dan Karya: Perkembangan Infrastruktur Musik Bawah Tanah (Underground) di Bandung (1967-1997)”. Patanjala ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 186,
"width": 115,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 (2), 293–308 (2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 203,
"width": 222,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A n g k a w i j a y a , M . “ P e n e r i m a a n Masyarakat Terhadap Kritik Sosial Dalam Video Speech Composing Karya Eka Gustiwana Di Youtube”.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 269,
"width": 195,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal E-Komunikasi , 5 (1), 2–12",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 286,
"width": 190,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2017). http://library1.nida.ac.th/ termpaper6/sd/2554/19755.pdf",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 319,
"width": 220,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ardivitiyanto, Y. “Perkembangan Musik Rock Di Kota Malang Tahun 1970- 2000-an: Kajian Globalisasi dan Eksistensi Budaya”. Jurnal Kajian Wilayah , 6 (1), 53–69 (2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 401,
"width": 220,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Baranovitch, N. “China’s New Voices:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 418,
"width": 195,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Popular Music, Ethnicity, Gender, and Politics, 1978–1997”. In Music Educators Journal (Vol. 92, Issue 2) (2005). https://doi. org/10.2307/3400186",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 500,
"width": 218,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bernstein, T. P. “Mao Zedong and the Famine of 1959-1960: A Study of Wilfulness”.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 533,
"width": 195,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "China Quarterly , 186 (185), 421–445",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 550,
"width": 190,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2006). https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0305741006000087",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 583,
"width": 220,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budiman Sudarsono, Andi Murniadi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 599,
"width": 195,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Penggambaran Kritik Sosial Pada Lirik Lagu Marsinah Dan Buruh Migran Pada Grup Band Marjinal (Analisis Wacana Kritis Norman Fairclough)” hal 22-30 (2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 681,
"width": 220,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Darmawan, M. Y. “ Iwan Fals , Music , and the Voice of Resistance” . 41–62",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 715,
"width": 190,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2020). https://doi.org/10.36782/i- pop.v1i1.28",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 53,
"width": 253,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Seni, Vol. 08, No. 01, November 2021:",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 776,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "82",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 54,
"width": 28,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67-83",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fadilah, Y. “Kritik dan Realitas Sosial dalam Musik (Analisis Wacana Kritis pada Lirik Lagu Karya Iksan Skuter “Lagu Petani”)”. Commercium , 1 (2), 113–118 (2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 170,
"width": 219,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Francis, S., & Baldesari. Systematic Reviews of Qualitative Literature .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 203,
"width": 190,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oxford: UK Cochrane Centre, 2006.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 220,
"width": 219,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hadi, D. W., & Kasuma, G. “Propaganda Orde Baru 1966-1980”. Verleden ,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 252,
"width": 101,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 (1), 40–50 (2006).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 269,
"width": 219,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hakim, L. “Historiografi Modern Indonesia:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 286,
"width": 195,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari Sejarah Lama Menuju Sejarah Baru”. Khazanah : Jurnal Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan Islam , 69–82",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 335,
"width": 190,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2018). https://doi.org/10.15548/ khazanah.v0i0.75",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 368,
"width": 221,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hedriani, E. “Metode sejarah dalam penelitian tari”. Jurnal Seni Makalangan , 3 (2), 33–45 (2016). Heilbronner, O. “Music and Protest: The Case of the 1960s and its Long Shadow”. Journal of Contemporary History ,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 467,
"width": 191,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "51 (3), 688–700 (2016). https://doi. org/10.1177/0022009416642708",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 500,
"width": 220,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Herlina, N. “Social Criticism in 2019 Ganti Presiden Lyrics: a Critical Discourse Analysis”. Research and Innovation in Language Learning ,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 566,
"width": 190,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 (2), 148–159 (2019). https://doi. org/10.33603/rill.v2i2.1875",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 599,
"width": 220,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hidayat, A. Sejarah Dan Perkembangan Musik Rock Di Indonesia Tahun 1970- 1990. Bihari: Pendidikan Sejarah Dan Ilmu Sejarah , 1 (1), 12–18 (2018). Jenkins, R. Pierre Bourdieu: “Key Sociologist.” New York: Routledge (1992).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 715,
"width": 221,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Johnson, T. H., & Mason, M. C. “Understanding the Taliban and",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 87,
"width": 194,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Insurgency in Afghanistan”. Orbis , 51 (1), 71–89 (2007). https://doi. org/10.1016/j.orbis.2006.10.006",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 137,
"width": 221,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khurrosidah, S., & Rahardjo, T. “Pemaknaan Khalayak Terhadap Marginalisasi dalam Pendidikan dan Kritik Sosial pada Lirik Lagu Putra Nusantara”. Interaksi Online , 6 (4), 286–297 (2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 236,
"width": 220,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kusuma, I. D. G. “Musik Indie Sebagai Praktik Perlawanan Terhadap Rencana Reklamasi Teluk Benoa , Bali”. Cakrawati 3(1), 20–30 (2020). Lidskog, R. The role of music in ethnic identity formation in diaspora : a research review . November (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12091 Maulida, R. N. “Benny Likumahuwa Dalam Perkembangan Musik Jazz Di Indonesia”. E-Journal Pendidikan Sejarah , 6 (2), 105–112(2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 434,
"width": 220,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Neuman, D. “Music amp; Politics in the Classroom: Music, Politics and Protest”. Music and Politics , II (2)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 484,
"width": 190,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2008). https://doi.org/10.3998/ mp.9460447.0002.205",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 516,
"width": 220,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Neuman, W. L. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (Seventh Ed). Pearson Education Limited, 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 583,
"width": 220,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nuri, N. “Peranan Bahasa Dalam Berkesenian: Pemberdayaan Lirik Lagu Sebagai Sarana Pembentukan Karakter Bangsa”. Journal Arbitrer ,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 648,
"width": 190,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 (1), 58–67 (2013). http://ir.obihiro. ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3933",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 682,
"width": 220,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Palmer, C., & Bolderston, A. “A Brief Introduction to Qualitative Research”. Canadian Journal of Medical Radiation Technology , 37 (1), 16–19",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 511,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "83",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 53,
"width": 401,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Alexander, Shiddiq Sugiono, Musik Protes di Indonesia Pada Era Reformasi:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 411,
"top": 65,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebuah Kajian Historis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 88,
"width": 190,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/ s0820-5930(09)60112-2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 121,
"width": 220,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pawito, P. “Budaya Pop dan Politik :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 137,
"width": 221,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A n a l i s i s S e m i o t i k t e r h a d a p Penampilan Iwan Fals di TRANS TV, 4 April 2004”. Jurnal ILMU KOMUNIKASI , 2 (1), 15–28 (2005). Prasetya, R. D., & Sunarto. “Ekspresi Musikal dan Kritik Sosial pada Lagu “Bahaya Komunis” Karya Jason Ranti”. Jurnal Seni Musik Universitas Negeri Semarang , 8 (2) (2019).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 286,
"width": 220,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Qusairi, W. “Makna Kritik Sosial Pada Lirik Lagu Merdeka Karya Grup Musik Efek Rumah Kaca”. EJournal Ilmu Komunikasi , 5 (4), 202–216 (2017). Rahmiati, D. “Satire Politik Dalam Lagu “Andai Ku Gayus Tambunan”.” Jurnal",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 384,
"width": 219,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ilmu Komunikasi , 1 (1), 69–78 (2011). Redman, J. N. Movements , Music , and Meaning : A Comparative Analysis of Cultural Narratives In Vietnam Era and Post-9 / 11 Anti-War Music (2016).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 484,
"width": 220,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Santi, E., & Budiman, C. Ranah Seni Rupa Indonesia: Kolektor, Pasar, dan Penahbisan Karya. Jurnal Imajinasi , XIII (2) (2019).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 550,
"width": 220,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setiawan, A. “Wacana Relasi Kelas Dalam Lirik Lagu ( Analisis Wacana Lirik Lagu “Ilmu Politik”. “Lara di Mana- Mana”, dan “Ada-ada Saja” dari Efek Rumah Kaca).” In Universitas Airlangga (Issue 071311533051) (2017).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 665,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Street, J. “Fight the power”: The politics of music and the music of politics. Government and Opposition , 38 (1),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 715,
"width": 190,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "113–130 (2003). https://doi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 731,
"width": 171,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "org/10.1111/1477-7053.00007",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 88,
"width": 220,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiwardana, R. “Pemaknaan Realitas Serta Bentuk Kritik Sosial Dalam Lirik Lagu Slank.” Skriptorium ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 137,
"width": 191,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 (2), 86–96 (2014). http://www. eskom.co.za/CustomerCare/ TariffsAndCharges/Documents/",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 187,
"width": 194,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RSA Distribution Tariff Code Vers 6.pdf%0Ahttp://www.nersa.org.za/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 219,
"width": 220,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Susanto, S. C. Tidak Sebatas Seni, Musik Mengiringi Perjalanan Bangsa .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 253,
"width": 190,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2019). https://www.its.ac.id/ news/2019/03/09/tidak-sebatas- seni-musik-mengiringi-perjalanan- bangsa/",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 319,
"width": 220,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tyson, A. D. “Titik Api: Harry Roesli , Music, and Politics in Bandung, Indonesia.” Indonesia , 91 (91), 1–34 (2011).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 385,
"width": 220,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Umam, K. “Musik Dangdut Rhoma Irama Sebagai Media Kritik Politik Pada Orde Baru Tahun 1977-1983”. AVATARA , 4 (3), 1002–1012 (2011). Usada, F. “ “Jogja Ora Didol” Representasi Perlawanan Masyarakat Yogyakarta Studi Kasus Grup Musik Jogja Hip Hop Foundation” . Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta (2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 533,
"width": 220,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Weij, F., & Berkers, P. “The politics of musical activism: Western YouTube reception of Pussy Riot’s punk performances”. Convergence ,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 599,
"width": 190,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "25 (2), 287–306 (2019). https://doi. org/10.1177/1354856517706493",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 632,
"width": 220,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wibisono, G., & Kartono, D. T. “Gerakan Sosial Baru pada Musik: Studi Etnografi pada Band Navicula.”",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 681,
"width": 194,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi Oktober ,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 698,
"width": 122,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2016 (2), 69–84 (2016).",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
e1e8b167-8317-51d4-1117-ab4a820bf075 | https://ejurnal.uij.ac.id/index.php/REC/article/download/117/113 | [
{
"left": 511,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "25",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 181,
"width": 335,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PRINSIP-PRINSIP PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM YANG SEIMBANG DALAM KONTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 283,
"top": 340,
"width": 30,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oleh :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 361,
"width": 127,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yassir Arafat S.H., M.H.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 485,
"width": 41,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 505,
"width": 451,
"height": 244,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Protection of law by contracting in the world of business, representing very popular type. However, at other side of opportunity broadness to determine protection of law alone by contracting oftentimes generate loss which do not be anticipated previously. Principal applying of protection of well-balanced law in cooperation agreement, aim to to protect importance of its bearing the parties with arrangement of each rights and obligations which relied on justice principles and rule of law. Freedom ground contract if confronted with agreement which in form of contract standard, or agreement which in making by the parties which do not have is same position bargaining (dimiciling well-balanced) hence can be said that by the cooperation agreement disagree with freedom ground contract even yield an inequitable agreement. Besides disagree with freedom ground contract, there are some other contract principle of justice very have potency to be impinged: good faith, existence of abuse of situation and principle of comtemporaneus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 754,
"width": 300,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Cooperation Agreement and Principles Protection.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "26",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 71,
"width": 111,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 92,
"width": 98,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Latar Belakang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 112,
"width": 213,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada dasarnya manusia menurut Edmund Leach 1 , adalah makhluk yang bersifat kultural daripada natural, yang berarti selalu merencanakan hidupnya ke arah yang lebih baik. Berbudaya berarti mencintai perubahan, selalu berada pada kehidupan yang mengalir (pantha rei) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 257,
"width": 212,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pergeseran dan perubahan itulah yang menjadi fokus. Dalam membangun dunianya, manusia selalu menggunakan kemampuan dirinya untuk memilah, memilih, dan mengambil keputusan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 361,
"width": 213,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kontrak tidak selalu menguntungkan pihak pemakainya. Dalam keadaan tertentu bentuk hukum ini bahkan dapat menyulitkan pemakainya. Mereka harus berhadapan dengan resiko-resiko, yang kadang-kadang sulit diperhitungkan sejak awal, yang timbul dari sifat-sifat dasar kontrak. Pemicu timbulnya sengketa di dalam kontrak diantaranya: pertama , kecermatan dalam berkontrak, dan kedua ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 566,
"width": 212,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "itikad baik para pihak (the goeder throuw) . 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 588,
"width": 212,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Demikian pula terhadap berlakunya asas kebebasan berkontrak, agar perjanjian yang dibuat berlandaskan asas itu tidak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 676,
"width": 213,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Ocje Salman dan Anton F Susanto, 2005, Teori Hukum Mengingat, Mengumpulkan dan Membuka Kembali , Cetakan Kedua, Bandung: Refika Aditama, Hal.151.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 722,
"width": 213,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Ida Bagus Wyasa Putra, 2000, Aspek-aspek Hukum Perdata Internasional dalam Transaksi Bisnis Internasional , Bandung: Refika Aditama. Hal.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 757,
"width": 13,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "64.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "melahirkan suatu perjanjian yang berat sebelah atau timpang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 112,
"width": 212,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kontrak merupakan bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak yang bersifat privat. Dipandang sebagai bagian hukum privat, menurut P.S. Atiyah 3 , karena pelanggaran terhadap kewajiban-kewajiban yang ditentukan dalam kontrak, murni tanggung jawab pihak-pihak yang berkontrak. Berbeda dengan hukum pidana sebagai bagian hukum publik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 298,
"width": 213,
"height": 348,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perlindungan hukum dengan cara berkontrak dalam dunia bisnis, merupakan jenis yang sangat populer. Akan tetapi, pada sisi yang lain luasnya kesempatan untuk menentukan perlindungan hukum sendiri dengan cara berkontrak seringkali menimbulkan kerugian yang tidak diduga sebelumnya. Hal itu disebabkan karena adanya keterbatasan salah satu pihak yang tidak memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai tentang kontrak dan adanya itikad kurang baik dari pihak yang menawarkan perjanjian. Oleh karena itu, dalam membuat perjanjian sudah menjadi keharusan bagi para pihak untuk mengetahui prinsip- prinsip perlindungan hukum yang seimbang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 339,
"top": 650,
"width": 114,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Rumusan Masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 671,
"width": 212,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari latar belakang yang telah diuraikan diatas, maka permasalahan dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut: Bagaimanakah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 756,
"width": 154,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Ida Bagus Wyasa Putra, Ibid. Hal.62.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "27",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penerapan prinsip-prinsip perlindungan hukum yang seimbang dalam kontrak?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 133,
"width": 103,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 154,
"width": 212,
"height": 409,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Istilah kontrak dalam terminology sehari-hari nampaknya sudah sangat populer dalam kehidupan masyarakat meskipun pemahaman akan kontrak sendiri masih sangat sederhana dan berdasarkan hubungan hukum yang sangat sempit. Ruang lingkup kontrak pada dasarnya merupakan bagian dari Kitab Undang- Undang Hukum Perdata khususnya diatur dalam Buku III. Peristilahan kontrak sendiri merupakan pemahaman dari peristilahan “perikatan atau persetujuan” yang kemudian disederhanakan dalam pola pikir masyarakat dengan istilah kontrak. Kontrak secara yuridis merupakan implementasi dari Pasal 1313 KUHPerdata yaitu “sesuatu persetujuan adalah suatu perbuatan yang didalamnya satu orang atau lebih mengikatkan dirinya dengan satu orang lain atau lebih”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 566,
"width": 213,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Setiawan 4 , rumusan yang diatur Pasal 1313 tersebut selain tidak lengkap juga sangat luas. Dikatakan tidak lengkap karena hanya menyebutkan persetujuan sepihak saja. Sangat luas karena dengan dipergunakannya perkataan “perbuatan” tercakup juga perwakilan sukarela dan perbuatan melawan hukum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 745,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 R. Setiawan, 1979, Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perikatan , Bandung: Binacipta. Hal. 49.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 213,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sehubungan dengan itu, perlu kiranya diadakan perbaikan mengenai definisi tersebut, yaitu: (a)Perbuatan harus diartikan sebagai perbuatan hukum, yaitu perbuatan yang bertujuan untuk menimbulkan akibat hukum; (b) Menambahkan perkataan “atau saling mengikatkan dirinya”. Sehingga rumusannya menjadi: Persetujuan adalah suatu perbuatan hukum, dimana satu orang atau lebih mengikatkan dirinya atau saling mengikatkan dirinya terhadap satu orang atau lebih.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 318,
"width": 212,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Henry Campbell 5 , definisi kontrak adalah kesempatan yang dijanjikan (promissory agreement) diantara dua atau lebih pihak yang dapat menimbulkan, modifikasi atau menghilangkan hubungan hukum. Sedangkan menurut Steven Gifis 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 443,
"width": 212,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pengertian dari kontrak yaitu “suatu perjanjian atau serangkaian perjanjian dimana hukum memberikan ganti rugi terhadap wanprestasi terhadap perjanjian tersebut, atau terhadap pelaksanaan kontrak tersebut oleh hukum dianggap sebagai sesuatu tugas”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 588,
"width": 212,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian perjanjian yang dikemukakan oleh Subekti, memiliki kesamaan dengan pendapat Satrio 7 yang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 664,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Henry Campbell, 1968. Black’s Law Dictionary, St. Paul Minnesota, USA, West Publishing Cc, hal. 394.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 699,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Steven Gifis, 1984. Law Dictionary , New York, USA: Baron’s Education Series.Inc. hal. 94.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 722,
"width": 212,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 J. Satrio (1), 1992, Hukum Perjanjian , Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti. Hal. 31-33. Menyebutnya sebagai “perjanjian atas beban” yang membedakan dengan “perjanjian cuma-cuma”.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "28",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 213,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mendefinisikan kontrak adalah suatu perjanjian (tertulis) antara dua atau lebih orang (pihak) yang menciptakan hak dan kewajiban untuk melakukan atau tidak melakukan suatu hal tertentu. Di dalam common law system 8 , perjanjian dipahami sebagai suatu perjumpaan nalar, yang merupakan perjumpaan pendapat atau ketetapan maksud. Perjanjian adalah perjumpaan dari dua atau lebih nalar tentang suatu hal yang telah dilakukan atau yang akan dilakukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 319,
"width": 212,
"height": 327,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hubungan antara pihak yang melakukan perjanjian, hukum perjanjian berperan untuk memberikan suatu kepastian, stabilitas dan keamanan yang di perlukan untuk menjamin kelancaran dan pelaksanaan berbagai transaksi. Secara umum, hukum perjanjian mengatur hubungan para pihak dalam perjanjian, akibat-akibat hukumnya, dan menetapkan apabila perjanjian tidak dilaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya oleh para para pihak, maka terhadapnya dapat dituntut secara hukum. Perjanjian diantara dua pihak mempunyai kekuatan mengikat bagi para pihak yang membuat perjanjian itu, seperti yang telah ditetapkan dalam ketentuan pasal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 665,
"width": 199,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yang dimaksud dengan kontrak semata-mata merupakan “perjanjian atas beban”, sedangkan “perjanjian cuma-cuma” telah jarang dijumpai dalam kenyataan (praktik). Lihat Johannes Ibrahim dan Lindawati Sewu, 2004, Hukum Bisnis Dalam Persepsi Manusia Modern , Bandung: Refika Aditama. Hal. 42.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 745,
"width": 213,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 Budiono Kusumohanidjojo, 2001, Panduan Untuk Merancang Kontrak , Jakarta: Grasindo. Hal. 6.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1338 KUHPerdata. Munculnya kekuatan mengikat dari suatu perjanjian menunjukkan adanya hubungan hukum antara para pihak yang membuat perjanjian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 152,
"width": 212,
"height": 183,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Soedjono Dirdjosisworo 9 , kontrak didefinisikan sebagai berikut: “suatu janji atau seperangkat janji-janji dan akibat pengingkaran atau pelanggaran atasnya hukum memberikan pemulihan atau menetapkan kewajiban bagi yang ingkar janji disertai sanksi untuk melaksanakannya”. Jadi dapat dikatakan bahwa perjanjian adalah sumber perikatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 340,
"width": 213,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perikatan juga bisa lahir dari undang- undang. Perbedaan diantara yang lahir dari perjanjian dengan perikatan yang lahir dari undang-undang adalah perikatan yang lahir dari perjanjian ini memang dikehendaki oleh kedua belah pihak sedangkan perikatan yang lahir dari undang-undang tidak berdasar atas inisiatif para pihak yang mengadakan perjanjian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 526,
"width": 212,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada dasarnya perikatan mempunyai pengertian yang abstrak, maksudnya perikatan tersebut tidak dapat dilihat secara langsung dengan kata lain perikatan bersifat tidak kasat mata, perikatan hanya terdapat dalam bayangan atau dalam alam pikiran. Perjanjian dapat dilihat wujudnya,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 671,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "diantaranya berupa suatu rangkaian perkataan yang mengandung janji-janji atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 722,
"width": 212,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 Soedjono Dirdjosisworo, 2003. Kontrak Bisnis: Menurut Sistem Civil Law, Common Law, dan Praktek Dagang International , Bandung: Mandar Madju. Hal. 29.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "29",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kesanggupan yang diucapkan atau ditulis, karena perjanjian merupakan suatu hal konkrit atau merupakan suatu peristiwa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 154,
"width": 213,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Hukum Yang Seimbang Dalam Kontrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 191,
"width": 213,
"height": 285,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gagasan tentang asas hukum sebagai kaidah penilaian fundamental dalam suatu sistem hukum dapat ditemukan pada karya-karya dari beberapa teoritisi hukum. Paul Scholten 10 mendefinisikan asas hukum sebagai berikut: Pikiran-pikiran dasar, yang terdapat didalam dan dibelakang sistem hukum masing-masing dirumuskan dalam aturan-aturan perundang-undangan dan putusan-putusan hakim, yang berkenaan dengannya ketentuan-ketentuan dan keputusan- keputusan individual dapat dipandang sebagai penjabarannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 481,
"width": 213,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asas-asas hukum ialah prinsip- prinsip yang dianggap dasar atau fundamen hukum. Asas-asas itu dapat disebut juga pengertian dan nilai-nilai yang menjadi titik tolak berpikir tentang hukum. Asas-asas itu menjadi landasan dan acuan dalam pembentukan undang-undang, bahkan dalam melakukan interpretasi terhadap undang-undang tersebut. 11",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 682,
"width": 213,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 J.J.H Bruggink, alih bahasa Arief Sidharta, 1996, Refleksi Tentang Hukum , Bandung : Citra Aditya Bakti. Hal. 119-120.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 722,
"width": 212,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11 Theo Huijbers (1), 1995, Filsafat Hukum , Jakarta:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 734,
"width": 81,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kanisius. Hal. 81.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 734,
"width": 198,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Huijbers membagi asas hukum sebagai berikut: 1). Asas-asas hukum objektif yang bersifat moral, 2). Asas hukum",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 513,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oleh karena itu, membicarakan asas hukum sama halnya dengan membicarakan unsur yang penting dan pokok dari peraturan hukum. Bahkan menurut Satjipto Rahardjo 12 , asas hukum merupakan jantungnya peraturan hukum. Hal itu didasarkan pada alasan, bahwa asas hukum menjadi landasan bagi terbentuknya peraturan hukum atau merupakan ratio legis dari peraturan hukum. Kekuatan asas hukum tidak terkikis oleh karena telah melahirkan suatu peraturan hukum, melainkan tetap eksis , bahkan dapat melahirkan peraturan hukum berikutnya. Dapat dikatakan bahwa, asas hukum atau prinsip hukum bukanlah kaidah hukum yang bersifat konkrit ( in concreto ) melainkan suatu pikiran dasar yang bersifat umum ( in abstrakto ) atau menjadi latar belakang lahirnya suatu peraturan hukum yang terdapat di dalam maupun di belakang dari setiap sistem hukum. Oleh karena itu, setiap peraturan hukum dapat dikembalikan kepada asas-asas tersebut atau mencari ratio legis nya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 588,
"width": 212,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perspektif hukum kontrak sebagaima diakomodasikan dalam Buku III KUHPerdata, khususnya Pasal 1338",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 665,
"width": 198,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "objektif yang bersifat rasional yaitu prinsip- prinsip yang termasuk pengertian hukum dan aturan hidup bersama yang rasional, dan 3). Asas-asas hukum subjektif yang bersifat moral maupun raional, yakni hak-hak yang ada pada manusia dan yang menjadi titik tolak pembentukan hukum. ( Ibid. Hal 82).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 745,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12 Satjipto Rahardjo, 2000, Ilmu Hukum , Cetakan ke-V, Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti. Hal. 45.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "30",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 213,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "memuat sejumlah asas hukum, yakni: Asas konsensualisme; Asas kebebasan berkontrak; Asas kekuatan mengikat ( pacta sun servanda ); dan Asas itikad baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 174,
"width": 119,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Asas Konsensualisme",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 195,
"width": 213,
"height": 347,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asas ini menyatakan bahwa, perjanjian itu telah terjadi jika telah ada konsensus antara pihak-pihak yang mengadakan kontrak. Menurut Ashman 13 , asas konsensualisme berkaitan dengan hukum kanonik yang melatarbelakanginya, perujukan terhadap Dekret Paus Gregorius IX, ‘Pacta quantumqumque nuda servanda sunt’ (kesepakatan, betapa pun tanpa dikukuhkan dengan sumpah harus dipenuhi). Hal penting yang harus diperhatikan dalam perjanjian, adalah adanya asas konsensualitas yang merupakan syarat mutlak bagi hukum perjanjian modern. Asas itu menjadi landasan bagi terciptanya kepastian hukum. 14",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 547,
"width": 212,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arti penting dari asas tersebut, yaitu lahirnya suatu perjanjian cukup dengan adanya konsensus atau kesepakatan para pihak mengenai pokok-pokok yang akan diperikatkan sehingga tidak memerlukan suatu formalitas (bentuk perjanjian tidak harus tertulis atau autentic ). Untuk lebih",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 699,
"width": 213,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 Herlien Budiono, 2006, Asas Keseimbangan Bagi Hukum Perjanjian di Indonesia Hukum Perjanjian Berlandaskan Asas-Asas Wigati Indonesia , Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti. Hal. 95.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 745,
"width": 213,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14 Subekti, 1992, Aspek-Aspek Hukum Perikatan Nasional , Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti. Hal. 5.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menjamin asas kepastian hukum, maka konsensus atau kesepakatan para pihak dituangkan dalam bentuk formal (autentik). Apabila salah satu pihak ‘ingkar janji’ dikemudian hari, maka bentuk formal tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai alat bukti yang sah dan kuat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 216,
"width": 212,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asas konsensualitas tersimpulkan dalam Pasal 1320 juncto Pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUHPerdata. Asas tersebut sangat penting dalam perjanjian, karena timbulnya perjanjian disebabkan adanya sepakat para pihak. Asas konsensualitas dipandang dari segi terbentuknya perjanjian. Tanpa ada kesepakatan para pihak perjanjian tidak terbentuk. Konsekuensinya adalah sahnya suatu perjanjian tidak perlu ada formalitas lain, jika para pihak sepakat maka perjanjian dianggap sudah terbentuk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 485,
"width": 152,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 505,
"width": 212,
"height": 265,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hukum perjanjian pada hakekatnya memberikan kebebasan yang seluas-luasnya kepada setiap individu ataupun badan usaha untuk mengadakan suatu perjanjian terkait dengan kepentingan dan kebutuhannya, asalkan tidak bertentangan dengan ketertiban umum dan kesusilaan. Pasal- pasal dari hukum perjanjian adalah hukum pelengkap (optional law) , yang berarti bahwa pasal-pasal itu boleh diambil atau disingkirkan apabila dikehendaki oleh pihak-pihak yang membuat suatu perjanjian.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "31",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 326,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asas kebebasan berkontrak dapat dianalisa dari ketentuan pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUHPerdata, yang berbunyi : Semua perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi mereka yang membuatnya. Rumusan ketentuan Pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUHPerdata diatas, dapat dikualifikasikan bahwa asas kebebasan berkontrak adalah asas yang memberikan kebebasan kepada setiap individu untuk: Membuat atau tidak membuat perjanjian, Mengadakan perjanjian dengan siapa saja, Menentukan isi perjanjian, pelaksanaan dan persyaratannya, dan Menentukan bentuk perjanjiannya, yaitu tertulis atau tidak tertulis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 401,
"width": 213,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Peter Mahmud Marzuki 15 , di dalam pandangan Eropa Kontinental asas kebebasan berkontrak merupakan konsekuensi dari dua asas lainnya dalam perjanjian, yaitu konsensualisme dan kekuatan mengikat suatu perjanjian yang lazim disebut sebagai pacta sun servanda .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 547,
"width": 212,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsensualisme berhubungan dengan terjadinya perjanjian, pacta sun servanda berkaitan dengan akibat adanya perjanjian yaitu terikatnya para pihak yang mengadakan perjanjian, sedangkan kebebasan berkontrak menyangkut isi perjanjian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 692,
"width": 213,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asas kebebasan berkontrak dipandang dari segi isinya. Setiap orang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 745,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 Peter Mahmud Marzuki, 2006, Penelitian Hukum , Jakarta: Kencana. Hal. 129.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bebas menentukan isi perjanjian asal tidak bertentangan dengan undang-undang, kesusilaan dan ketertiban umum. Hal itu merupakan konsekuensi yuridis dari sistem terbuka dari Buku III KUHPerdata. Konsekuensi dari asas kebebasan berkontrak adalah hakim atau pihak ketiga boleh interversi atau campur tangan, baik untuk menambah, atau mengurangi, atau menghilangkan isi perjanjian, karena perjanjian telah dibuat sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 340,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Asas Kekuatan Mengikat (Pacta Sun Servanda)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 381,
"width": 213,
"height": 347,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut asas ini, kontrak yang dibuat oleh para pihak merupakan undang- undang bagi mereka. Maksudnya adalah, keberlakuan kontrak yang dibuat oleh para pihak tersebut, bersifat memaksa sebagaimana layaknya kekuatan memaksa dari suatu peraturan perundang-undangan bagi yang membuatnya. Prinsip kekuatan mengikat, selain diatur dalam Pasal 1338 ayat (1), juga tersimpul dalam pasal 1339 KUHPerdata yang menyatakan sebagai berikut : Suatu perjanjian tidak hanya mengikat untuk hal-hal yang dengan tegas dinyatakan di dalamnya, tetapi juga segala sesuatu yang menurut sifat perjanjian, diharuskan oleh kepatutan, kebiasaan, atau undang-undang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "32",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 71,
"width": 44,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 69,
"width": 213,
"height": 266,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Soetikno 16 , Grotius mendefinisikan pacta sun servanda sebagai prinsip kesetiaan pada janji yang menjadi prinsip mutlak keberlakuannya, sebab hukum merupakan suatu perjanjian. Bila orang tidak setia pada janji, hukum tidak ada artinya. Berdasarkan rumusan Pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUHPerdata, sesungguhnya setiap manusia atau orang-perseorangan melalui perjanjian dapat bertindak sebagai pembuat undang-undang bagi dirinya sendiri. Perjanjian tersebut, merupakan sumber hukum disamping undang-undang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 340,
"width": 213,
"height": 244,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pacta sun servanda dipandang dari akibat hukumnya. Setiap perjanjian yang dibuat dengan mengindahkan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata mengikat para pihak seperti undang-undang. Oleh karena itu, semua orang harus menghormati perjanjian yang dibuat para pihak. Konsekuensi dari pacta sun servanda hakim atau pihak ketiga tidak boleh interversi atau campur tangan, baik untuk menambah, atau mengurangi, atau menghilangkan isi perjanjian. Motivasinya adalah demi kepastian hukum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 609,
"width": 94,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Asas Itikad Baik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 629,
"width": 167,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Itikad baik ( te goede throuw )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 650,
"width": 213,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dalam pelaksanaan kontrak merupakan lembaga hukum ( rechtsfiguur ) secara historis berasal dari hukum Romawi yang kemudian diserap oleh civil law .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 756,
"width": 152,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16 Theo Huijbers (1), Op.Cit. Hal. 88.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Belakangan, asas ini diterima pula hukum kontrak di negara-negara yang menganut common law system , seperti Amerika Serikat, Australia, dan Kanada. Bahkan asas ini telah diterima pula oleh hukum internasional seperti Artikel 1.7 UNIDROIT dan Artikel 1.7 Convention Sales of Goods .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 216,
"width": 212,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asas ini ditempatkan sebagai asas yang paling penting ( super eminent principle )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 257,
"width": 212,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dalam kontrak. Ia menjadi suatu ketentuan fundamental dalam kontrak, dan mengikat para pihak dalam kontrak. 17",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 319,
"width": 213,
"height": 285,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di Indonesia asas itikad baik ini diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 1338 ayat (3) KUHPerdata yang berbunyi : “Perjanjian harus dilaksanakan dengan itikad baik”. Asas itikad baik ini sangat mendasar dan penting untuk di perhatikan dalam suatu perjanjian. Menurut Munir Fuady 18 , rumusan dari pasal 1338 ayat (3) mengidentifikasikan bahwa sebenarnya itikad baik bukan merupakan syarat sahnya suatu kontrak. Unsur itikad baik hanya diisyaratkan dalam hal pelaksanaan dari suatu kontrak, bukan pada pembuatan suatu kontrak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 664,
"width": 212,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17 Ridwan Khairandy, 2008, Materi Kuliah Hukum Kontrak: Itikad Baik dalam Pelaksanaan Kontrak (Super Eminent Principle yang Memerlukan Pengertian dan Tolok Ukur Objektif ), Program Magister Ilmu Hukum : Universitas Jember. Hal.1-2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 733,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18 Munir Fuady, 2001, Hukum Kontrak (Dalam Sudut Pandang Hukum Bisinis) , Bandung : Citra Aditya Bakti . Hal. 51.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "33",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 69,
"width": 213,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Sutan Remy Sjahdeini 19 , yang dimaksud dengan itikad baik adalah niat dari pihak yang satu dalam suatu perjanjian untuk tidak merugikan mitra janjinya maupun tidak merugikan kepentingan umum. Oleh karena itu asas itikad baik tidak saja bekerja setelah perjanjian itu dibuat tetapi juga telah mulai bekerja sewaktu pihak-pihak akan memasuki atau menghendaki untuk memasuki perjanjian yang bersangkutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 298,
"width": 212,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asas itikad baik dipandang dari segi objektif pada waktu pelaksanaan perjanjian. Konsekuensinya adalah hakim atau pihak ketiga boleh interversi atau campur tangan, baik untuk menambah, atau mengurangi, atau menghilangkan isi perjanjian, jika terbukti ada pihak yang beritikad buruk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 443,
"width": 213,
"height": 244,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata ‘seimbang’ (even-wicht) menunjuk pada arti suatu ‘keadaan pembagian beban di kedua sisi berada dalam keadaan seimbang’. Keseimbangan dapat dipahami sebagai ‘keadaan hening atau keselarasan karena dari pelbagai gaya yang bekerja tidak satu pun mendominasi yang lainnya, atau tidak ada satu elemen menguasai lainnya’. 20 Jadi, tidak ada pihak yang berada dalam posisi lebih kuat sementara pihak yang lainnya berada dalam posisi yang lemah. Keseimbangan para",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 699,
"width": 212,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "19 Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, 1993, Kebebasan Berkontrak Dan Perlindungan Yang Seimbang Bagi Para Pihak Dalam Perjanjian Kredit Bank Di Indonesia , Jakarta : Institut Bankir Indonesia dan Macanan Jaya Cemerlang. Hal.121-122.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 756,
"width": 152,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20 Herlien Budiono, Op.Cit. Hal. 304.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pihak dalam suatu kontrak dapat dilihat dalam pengaturan hak dan kewajibannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 112,
"width": 213,
"height": 389,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Mariam Darus Badrulzaman 21 , asas keseimbangan menghendaki para pihak untuk memenuhi dan melaksanakan perjanjian. Asas ini merupakan kelanjutan dari asas persamaan, yang menempatkan para pihak dalam persamaan derajat, tidak ada perbedaan, walaupun ada perbedaan kulit, bangsa, kepercayaan, kekuasaan jabatan dan lain- lain. Kreditur mempunyai kekuatan untuk menuntut pelunasan prestasi melalui kekayaan debitur, namun kreditur memikul beban untuk melaksanakan perjanjian dengan itikad baik. Sehingga kedudukan kreditur yang kuat dapat diimbangi dengan kewajibannya untuk melaksanakan itikad baik. Dengan demikian akan tercipta kedudukan yang seimbang antara kreditur dan debitur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 505,
"width": 212,
"height": 203,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perjanjian yang dibuat para pihak dianggap mengikat sepanjang didasarkan pada asas adanya keseimbangan hubungan antara kepentingan perseorangan dan kepentingan umum atau adanya keseimbangan antara kepentingan para pihak sebagaimana diharapkan oleh masing-masing pihak. 22 Maksudnya adalah harapan dan keinginan para pihak yang mengadakan perjanjian dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 733,
"width": 212,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21 Mariam Darus Badrulzaman, 1994, Aneka Hukum Bisnis , Bandung: Alumni. Hal. 42-43.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 756,
"width": 149,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22 Herlien Budiono, Op.Cit. Hal. 305.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "34",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 213,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "diakomodasikan, sehingga perjanjian yang dilahirkan itu, tidak merugikan salah satu pihak. Para pihak diberikan kebebasan sepenuhnya untuk mencari keuntungan sesuai dengan yang harapkan, selama tidak menimbulkan kesenjangan atau ketidak seimbangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 214,
"width": 177,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Herlien Budiono 23 ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 236,
"width": 213,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terdapat tiga aspek yang saling berkaitan sebagai penguji berkenaan dengan daya kerja asas keseimbangan, yakni:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 298,
"width": 212,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbuatannya sendiri atau perilaku individual, Isi kontrak dan Pelaksanaan dari apa yang telah disepakati.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 359,
"width": 213,
"height": 287,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Poerwadarminta, 24 prinsip adalah asas kebenaran yang menjadi pokok dasar orang berpikir, bertindak dan sebagainya. Sedangkan menurut Mahadi, 25 kata prinsip atau asas identik dengan kata principle , dalam bahasa Inggris erat kaitannya dengan istilah principium (kata latin). Principium berarti permulaan, awal; mula sumber; asal; pangkal; pokok; dasar; sebab. Adapun prinsip atau asas adalah sesuatu yang dapat dijadikan alas, sebagi dasar, sebagai tumpuan, sebagai tempat untuk menyandarkan, untuk mengembalikan sesuatu hal, yang hendak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 676,
"width": 139,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "23 Herlien Budiono, Ibid . Hal. 334.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 687,
"width": 212,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "24 W.J.S. Poerwadarminta, 1985, Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia , Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, Hal.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 711,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "768.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 722,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "25 Herowati Poesoko, 2007, Parate Exekusi Obyek Hak Tanggungan (Inkonsistensi, Konflik Norma dan Kesesatan Penalaran dalam UUHT) ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 757,
"width": 132,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yogyakarta : LaksBang. Hal. 77.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 213,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dijelaskan. Oleh karena itu, membicarakan asas-asas hukum pada hakekatnya ialah prinsip-prinsip yang dianggap dasar atau fundamen hukum. Asas-asas itu dapat disebut juga pengertian dan nilai-nilai yang menjadi titik tolak berpikir tentang hukum. 26",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 214,
"width": 212,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Philipus M. Hadjon, 27 perlindungan hukum adalah perlindungan hukum yang preventif dan perlindungan hukum yang represif. Perlindungan hukum yang preventif bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya sengketa sedangkan perlindungan hukum yang represif bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 381,
"width": 212,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan menurut Peter Mahmud Marzuki, 28 perlindungan hukum adalah suatu kepastian hukum. Oleh karena itu, para pihak yang bersengketa dapat dihindarkan dari kesewenangan penghakiman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 505,
"width": 213,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jadi, prinsip-prinsip perlindungan hukum yang seimbang adalah prinsip hukum atau asas hukum yang menjadi dasar dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum secara adil ( tidak berat sebelah ) bagi para pihak. Maksudnya adalah, para pihak berada dalam posisi dan kedudukan yang sama, sehingga pengaturan hak dan kewajiban bagi para pihak tidak berat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 710,
"width": 149,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "26 Theo Huijbers (1), Op. Cit. Hal. 81",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 722,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "27 Philipus M. Hadjon, 1987, Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat Indonesia , Surabaya: Bina Ilmu. Hal. 2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 756,
"width": 173,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "28 Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Op.Cit. Hal. 60.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "35",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 213,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sebelah. Dengan demikian para pihak memperoleh perlindungan hukum yang seimbang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 133,
"width": 213,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Merumuskan tujuan hukum dalam arti keseimbangan diantara pelbagai kepentingan dalam isinya menunjukkan ciri khas dari ilmu hukum. Keseimbangan antara kepentingan berarti pendekatannya benar-benar tidak memihak, menganggap sama dalam prinsip dan berusaha menemukan penyesuaian. Pengujinya diantaranya dengan memasukkan undang- undang, moral, dan ketertiban umum. 29",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 338,
"width": 213,
"height": 287,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Francois Geny 30 berpendapat bahwa: ”Prinsip keseimbangan kepentingan yang bersangkutan harus menjadi penuntun bagi pengadilan dalam semua kasus di mana tidak ada persetujuan yang cukup dan sah di antara para pihak, sehingga perlu untuk mengadakan peraturan-peraturan yang sifatnya memerintah tingkah laku.... Memperkirakan kekuatan masing-masing, menimbangnya dalam skala keadilan, dengan demikian memberi secara berlebihan kepada yang paling penting, yang diuji dengan beberapa patokan sosial dan akhirnya menghasilkan keseimbangan”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 630,
"width": 176,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Van Apeldoorn dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 649,
"width": 213,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rescoe Pound 31 , hukum harus mampu untuk menyeimbangkan antara kepentingan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 699,
"width": 213,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "29 W. Friedmann,1994, Teori dan Filsafat Hukum : Idealisme Filosofis dan Problema Keadilan , diterjemahkan oleh Muhamad Arifin, Susunan II, Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada. Hal.130.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 745,
"width": 130,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "30 W. Friedmann, Ibid. Hal. 131.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 756,
"width": 189,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "31 Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Op. Cit. Hal. 58-59.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 213,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pribadi, publik dan sosial. Hukum yang di dalamnya terdapat keseimbangan antara kepentingan-kepentingan tersebut oleh Van Apeldoorn dikatakan sebagai hukum yang adil. Hukum harus pasti ( certum ), supaya dapat menjalankan fungsinya, yakni menjamin aturan hidup bersama dan menghindarkan timbulnya kekacauan. Kepastian hukum dicapai melalui suatu perundang-undangan yang mengatur seluruh hidup bersama sampai detail- detailnya. 32",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 319,
"width": 213,
"height": 368,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kepastian hukum berkaitan dengan dua pengertian. Pertama , kepastian hukum berarti dapat ditentukan hukum apa yang berlaku untuk masalah-masalah yang konkret. Dengan dapat ditentukannya peraturan hukum untuk masalah yang konkret, pihak-pihak yang berperkara sudah dapat mengetahui sejak awal ketentuan- ketentuan yang diterapkan dalam sengketanya. Kedua , kepastian hukum berkaitan dengan perlindungan hukum. Dalam hal demikian para pihak dapat dihindarkan dari kesewenangan penghakiman. Adanya kepastian hukum membatasi pihak-pihak yang mempunyai kewenangan yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan seseorang yaitu hakim dan pembuat peraturan. 33",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 710,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "32 Theo Huijbers (2), 1982, Filsafat Hukum dalam Lintasan Sejarah , Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Hal. 276.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 745,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "33 Van Apeldoorn dalam Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Op. Cit. Hal. 59-60.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 213,
"height": 326,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsep kepastian hukum meliputi sejumlah aspek yang saling berkaitan. Salah satu aspek dari kepastian hukum ialah perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada individu dari kesewenang-wenangan individu lainnya, hakim dan pemerintah (dalam pelayanan administrasi). Sedangkan aspek lain dari konsep kepastian hukum ialah seorang individu harus dapat menilai akibat-akibat dari perbuatannya, baik akibat dari tindakan maupun kelalaiannya. Dalam hal demikian, aspek kepastian hukum memberikan jaminan dari dapat diduganya dan terpenuhinya perjanjian serta dapat dituntutnya pertanggungjawaban atas pemenuhan perjanjian. 34",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 402,
"width": 212,
"height": 264,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gustav Radbruch menyatakan antara hukum dan keadilan adalah dua sisi yang yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Nilai keadilan adalah materi yang harus menjadi isi aturan hukum. Sedangkan aturan hukum adalah bentuk yang harus melindungi nilai keadilan. Oleh karena itu, hukum harus meliputi 3 (tiga) aspek, yaitu: 1). keadilan, menunjuk pada kesamaan hak di depan hukum, 2). finalitas, menunjuk pada tujuan keadilan yaitu memajukan kebaikan dalam hidup manusia, dan 3). kepastian, merupakan kerangka operasional hukum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 671,
"width": 212,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hukum yang sebenarnya ialah mengintegrasikan dua prinsip hukum, yaitu: prinsip keadilan dan prinsip kepastian,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 756,
"width": 152,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "34 Herlien Budiono, Op. Cit. Hal. 208.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "apabila salah satu prinsip tidak ada maka hukum akan kehilangan artinya sebagai hukum. 35",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 133,
"width": 213,
"height": 368,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada dasarnya hukum menurut Subekti mengejar dua tujuan, yaitu menjamin kepastian (ketertiban) dan memenuhi tuntutan keadilan. Kepastian hukum menghendaki apa yang dijanjikan harus dipenuhi oleh para pihak. Dalam menuntut dipenuhinya janji, norma-norma keadilan dan kepatutan jangan ditinggalkan. Menurut Sutan Remy Sjahdeini 36 keadilan dapat dimasukkan dalam arti kepatutan. Maksudnya adalah sesuatu yang tidak adil berarti tidak patut. Dalam arti lain, jika dikaitkan dengan kepatutan dalam arti keadilan, maka isi atau klausul-klausul suatu perjanjian harus adil. Klausul-klausul perjanjian yang secara tidak wajar sangat memberatkan pihak lainnya adalah syarat- syarat yang bertentangan dengan keadilan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 505,
"width": 212,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Timbal balik atau resiprokal hanya terwujud, jika eksistensi otonomi individu dalam perjumpaan kehendak para pihak. Namun, juga dapat terjadi bahwa seseorang hendak mengikatkan diri untuk memberikan sesuatu atau berbuat sesuatu tanpa mengharapkan yuridikal ataupun materiil . Berarti, esensi landasan kekuatan mengikat kontraktual dari perjanjian harus dicapai dan dicari di dalam keseimbangan, dalam hal mana otonomi individu terjalin",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 745,
"width": 157,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "35 Theo Huijbers (2), Op. Cit. Hal. 277.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 756,
"width": 177,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "36 Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, Op. Cit, Hal. 120.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "37",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dengan kepentingan masyarakat pada waktu menutup perjanjian baik yang sepihak maupun yang bertimbal balik. 37",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 133,
"width": 212,
"height": 285,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prinsip resiprokal, mensyaratkan bahwa para pihak dalam kontrak harus melaksanakan hak dan kewajibannya masing-masing secara timbal balik. Menurut prinsip ini, pelaksanaan kontrak harus memberi keuntungan timbal balik. Salah satu pihak tidak boleh semata-mata melakukan prestasi yang tidak seimbang. Pada dasarnya, apabila salah satu pihak diberikan hak maka dia dituntut untuk melaksanakan kewajibannya. Demikian sebliknya, jika pihak lain dibebani kewajiban maka dia akan mendapatkan haknya. 38",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 423,
"width": 212,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prinsip resiprokal berkembang di common law system , khususnya Inggris.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 464,
"width": 212,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lord Devlin sebagai Hakim Agung di Inggris, menyatakan sebagai berikut: 39 “ It is of the essence of every contract that there should be mutuality. A contract is an exchange of promises for another … . A contract can consist of an exchange of promises on one subject, e.g., payment against delivery, then if the seller does not deliver on the due date, the buyer my release himself from his obligation to pay ”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 671,
"width": 212,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika diterjemahkan secara bebas adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 710,
"width": 170,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "37 Herlien Budiono, Op. Cit. Hal. 354-355.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 722,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "38 Huala Adolf, 2007, Dasar-Dasar Hukum Kontrak Internasional . Bandung: Refika Aditama. Hal.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 746,
"width": 13,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "27.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 756,
"width": 161,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "39 Lord Devlin dalam Huala Adolf, Ibid.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 213,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang menjadi inti dari setiap kontrak adalah harus saling menguntungkan. Suatu kontrak adalah suatu pertukaran yang dijanjikan untuk yang lain … . Suatu kontrak dapat terdiri dari suatu pertukaran yang dijanjikan pada satu masalah atau lebih, pembayaran berkaitan dengan penyerahan, jika penjual tidak menyampaikan atau mengirimkan sampai pada tanggal jatuh tempo, pembeli dengan sendirinya dibebaskan dari kewajibannya untuk membayar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 398,
"top": 319,
"width": 75,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. PENUTUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 340,
"width": 212,
"height": 430,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asas kebebasan berkontrak apabila dihadapkan dengan perjanjian yang berbentuk standar kontrak, maka kebebasan para pihak sudah berkurang. Kebebasan para pihak hanya dihadapkan pada pilihan antara menerima atau menolak syarat-syarat yang termuat dalam standar kontrak. Akibatnya pihak debitur tidak dapat menegosiasikan isi perjanjian yang merugikannya sehingga bertentangan dengan Pasal 1338 KUHPerdata. Selain tidak sesuai dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak, terdapat beberapa asas hukum kontrak lainnya yang sangat berpotensi untuk dilanggar: itikad baik, adanya penyalahgunaan keadaan dan prinsip kesetikaan ( comtemporaneus ). Realitanya, bentuk perjanjian standar kontrak tetap digunakan. Hal itu, didasarkan pada adanya doktrin dan yurisprudensi, yang prinsipnya menyatakan barang siapa yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "38",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 285,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menandatangani suatu perjanjian, maka ia dianggap mengerti dan memahami isinya dan wajib bertanggung jawab. Penyusunan suatu kontrak, apapun nama dan peristilahannya tidak terkecuali kontrak kerjasama, asas kebebasan berkontrak bagi para pihak merupakan peranan yang sangat penting dalam upaya membangun dan mencapai kesepakatan. Dalam sisi yang lain, asas konsensualisme juga menjadi pendukung atas penerapan asas kebebasan berkontrak. Kebebasan berkontrak hanya akan mencapai keadilan jika para pihak memiliki bargaining power yang seimbang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 360,
"width": 213,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika bargaining power tidak seimbang maka suatu kontrak dapat menjurus atau menjadi unconscionable (perjanjian yang tidak adil atau perjanjian yang bertentangan dengan hati nurani).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 464,
"width": 213,
"height": 306,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut KUHPerdata, perjanjian harus dilaksanakan dengan itikad baik, sedangkan itikad baik itu tidak saja bekerja setelah perjanjian dibuat tetapi juga telah mulai bekerja sewaktu pihak-pihak akan memasuki atau menghendaki untuk memasuki perjanjian bersangkutan, maka pembuatan perjanjian harus dilandasi asas kemitraan . Asas kemitraan mengharuskan adanya sikap dari para pihak bahwa yang berhadapan dalam membuat dan melaksanakan perjanjian itu adalah dua mitra janji dan bukan dua lawan janji. Pada hakekatnya kemitraan merupakan suatu konsep yang mengedapankan prinsip saling",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menguntungkan para pihak dengan berbagai macam bentuk kerjasama dalam menghadapi dan memperkuat diantara para pihak. Dalam perjanjian kemitraan para pihak mengedepankan prinsip sama untung (simbiosis mutualisme) , sehingga tidak ada pihak yang dirugikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 372,
"top": 246,
"width": 110,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 276,
"width": 212,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adolf, Huala, 2007, Dasar-Dasar Hukum Kontrak Internasional . Bandung: Refika Aditama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 328,
"width": 212,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Badrulzaman, Mariam Darus, 1994, Aneka",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 342,
"width": 212,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hukum Bisnis , Bandung: Alumni. Budiono, Herlien 2006, Asas Keseimbangan Bagi Hukum Perjanjian di Indonesia Hukum Perjanjian Berlandaskan Asas-Asas Wigati Indonesia , Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 458,
"width": 212,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bruggink, J.J.H., alih bahasa Arief Sidharta,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 472,
"width": 184,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1996, Releksi Tentang Hukum , Bandung : Citra Aditya Bakti.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 509,
"width": 212,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Campbell, Henry, 1968. Black’s Law Dictionary, St. Paul Minnesota, USA, West Publishing,Cc.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 561,
"width": 212,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dirdjosisworo,Soedjono 2003. Kontrak Bisnis: Menurut Sistem Civil Law, Common Law, dan Praktek Dagang International , Bandung: Mandar Madju.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 640,
"width": 212,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Friedmann,W., 1994, Teori dan Filsafat Hukum : Idealisme Filosofis dan Problema Keadilan , diterjemahkan oleh Muhamad Arifin, Susunan II, Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 719,
"width": 212,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fuady, Munir, 2001, Hukum Kontrak (Dalam Sudut Pandang Hukum",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 35,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "39",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 794,
"width": 175,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL RECHTENS, Vol. 4, No. 2, Desember 2015",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 71,
"width": 184,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bisinis) , Bandung : Citra Aditya Bakti . Hal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 108,
"width": 212,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gifis, Steven, 1984. Law Dictionary , New York, USA: Baron’s Education Series.Inc.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 160,
"width": 213,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hadjon, Philipus M. 1987, Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat Indonesia , Surabaya: Bina Ilmu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 211,
"width": 212,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Huijbers, Theo, 1982, Filsafat Hukum dalam Lintasan Sejarah , Yogyakarta: Kanisius.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 262,
"width": 213,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Huijbers, Theo, 1995, Filsafat Hukum , Jakarta: Kanisius.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 300,
"width": 212,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ibrahim, Johannes dan Lindawati Sewu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 314,
"width": 185,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2004, Hukum Bisnis Dalam Persepsi Manusia Modern , Bandung: Refika Aditama.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 365,
"width": 213,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khairandy, Ridwan, 2008, Materi Kuliah Hukum Kontrak: Itikad Baik dalam",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 393,
"width": 184,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelaksanaan Kontrak (Super Eminent Principle yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 407,
"width": 185,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Memerlukan Pengertian dan Tolok Ukur Objektif ), Program Magister Ilmu Hukum :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 448,
"width": 95,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Jember.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 472,
"width": 213,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kusumohanidjojo, Budiono, 2001, Panduan Untuk Merancang Kontrak , Jakarta: Grasindo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 523,
"width": 212,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marzuki, Peter Mahmud, 2006, Penelitian Hukum , Jakarta: Kencana.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 561,
"width": 213,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Putra, Ida Bagus Wyasa, 2000, Aspek-aspek Hukum Perdata Internasional dalam Transaksi Bisnis Internasional , Bandung: Refika Aditama.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 626,
"width": 213,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Poesoko, Herowati, 2007, Parate Exekusi Obyek Hak",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 640,
"width": 61,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tanggungan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 653,
"width": 184,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Inkonsistensi, Konflik Norma dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 667,
"width": 184,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesesatan Penalaran dalam UUHT) ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 681,
"width": 117,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yogyakarta : LaksBang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 705,
"width": 161,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Poerwadarminta,W.J.S., 1985,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 705,
"width": 185,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia , Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahardjo, Satjipto, 2000, Ilmu Hukum , Cetakan ke-V, Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 122,
"width": 212,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salman, Ocje dan Anton F Susanto, 2005, Teori Hukum Mengingat, Mengumpulkan dan Membuka",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 163,
"width": 184,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kembali , Cetakan Kedua, Bandung: Refika Aditama.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 201,
"width": 212,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Satrio, J. (1), 1992, Hukum Perjanjian , Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 239,
"width": 212,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setiawan, R., 1979, Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perikatan , Bandung: Binacipta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 276,
"width": 212,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sjahdeini,Sutan Remy, 1993, Kebebasan Berkontrak Dan Perlindungan Yang Seimbang Bagi Para Pihak Dalam Perjanjian Kredit Bank Di Indonesia , Jakarta : Institut Bankir Indonesia dan Macanan Jaya Cemerlang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 369,
"width": 212,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Subekti, 1992, Aspek-Aspek Hukum Perikatan Nasional , Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 451,
"width": 212,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Biodata Penulis Yassir Arafat, S.H.,M.H., Adalah Dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Jember. Lahir di Pamekasan, pada tanggal 12 Juli 1981. Gelar Sarjana Hukum diperoleh dari Fakultas Hukum Universitas Jember pada tahun 2003, dan Magister Hukum dari Fakultas Hukum Universitas Jember tahun 2008.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
de541c08-0457-b41d-8f42-7459fa4f8731 | https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SIBISA/article/download/1183/589 | [
{
"left": 91,
"top": 93,
"width": 141,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Published by LP4MK STKIP PGRI LUBUKLINGGAU",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 99,
"width": 125,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lubuklinggau City, South Sumatera, Indonesia",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 426,
"top": 69,
"width": 101,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PRINTED ISSN: 2620-6919",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 431,
"top": 78,
"width": 93,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ONLINE ISSN: 2620-3316",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 87,
"width": 88,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, June 2021 Page: 39-46",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 763,
"width": 442,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "39 available at: http://www.ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SIBISA",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 130,
"width": 376,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemanfaatan Youtube sebagai Media Pembelajaran Menulis Puisi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 157,
"width": 72,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marlina Bakri",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 170,
"width": 200,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(corresponding author) Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo, Indonesia Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 217,
"width": 33,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yusni",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 230,
"width": 195,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Universitas Mega Buana Palopo, Indonesia Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 283,
"width": 448,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "APA Citation: Bakri, M. & Yusni. (2021). Pemanfaatan Youtube sebagai media pembelajaran menulis puisi. Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing, 4 (1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v4i1.1183 Submitted: 24- March-2021 Published: 9-June-2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v4i1 Accepted : 26-May-2021 URL: https://doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v4i1.1183",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 387,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 398,
"width": 414,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Masa sekarang teknologi dan informasi mengalami perkembangan semakin pesat sehingga teknologi berbasis komputer dapat diaplikasikan untuk mendapatkan informasi khususnya dalam dunia pendidikan. Internet menyediakan banyak aplikasi untuk pengintegrasian teknologi dalam pembelajaran. Pada era baru sekarang ini dalam berinteraksi manusia menggunakan jaringan informasi atau komunikasi yang inovatif. Salah satu media dapat dintegrasikan dalam pembelajaran adalah pemanfaatan Youtube. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan sejauh mana Youtube dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media pembelajaran menulis puisi. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 40 mahasiswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui lembar observasi dalam menulis puisi. Temuan penelitian ini adalah media ajar Youtube yang digunakan selaras dengan minat mahasiswa yang saat ini menjadi salah satu tujuan utama generasi milenial untuk mencari berbagai konten edukatif dalam bentuk video, sehingga dapat menciptakan kreativitas dan kualitas dalam menulis puisi cukup kreatif dan memiliki gaya penulisan yang berbeda dari setiap karya yang dihasilkan. Temuan penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemanfaatan Youtube sebagai media dalam proses pembelajaran literatur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 594,
"width": 256,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci : Youtube, media pembelajaran, menulis puisi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 633,
"width": 346,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Utilization of Youtube as a Learning Media for Writing Poetry",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 658,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 669,
"width": 414,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nowadays technology and information are experiencing rapid development so that computer-based technology can be applied to obtain information, especially in education. The internet provides many applications for integrating technology in learning. In the current era, human interaction activities can use innovative information or communication networks. In the current era, human interaction activities can use innovative information or communication networks. One of the media that can be integrated into learning is the use of Youtube media. The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which Youtube can",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 264,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marlina Bakri, Yusni Pemanfaatan Youtube sebagai Media Pembelajaran Menulis Puisi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 740,
"width": 370,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 4, No. 1, June 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 763,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 414,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "be used as a learning medium for writing poetry. This research method is descriptive qualitative with the number of respondents as many as 40 students. The data collection was done through poetry writing test sheet. The findings of this study are that the Youtube teaching media used are in line with the interests of students, which are currently one of the main goals of the millennial generation to seek various educational content in the form of videos, to create creativity and quality in writing poetry. The results of this study also revealed that during the learning process using Youtube media, students were seen actively writing poetry which was quite creative and had a different writing style from each work produced. The findings of this study recommend using Youtube as a medium in the literature learning process.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 216,
"width": 230,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords : Youtube, learning media, writing poetry",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 244,
"width": 94,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 258,
"width": 443,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemanfaatan teknologi sebagai media pembelajaran saat ini dapat dipadukan dengan mata pelajaran yang diajarkan di kelas dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran (Noermanzah dkk., 2018). Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran ialah media sosial. Media sosial merupakan sarana yang dapat digunakan berinteraksi antar berbagai pengguna yang dibelahan dunia ini, serta memberikan kemudahan dalam mendapatkan informasi dengan cepat dan lengkap (Gita & Haryono, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 355,
"width": 443,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Seiring perkembangan zaman, media sosial hadir sebagai yang sangat familiar dan banyak diminati oleh generasi sekarang ini, terutama mahasiswa, sehingga menjadi sarana yang tidak asing lagi. Pembelajaran menulis puisi merupakan sebuah kegiatan yang dapat merangsang imajinasi dalam menulis puisi (Satinem dkk., 2020). Pembelajaran menulis puisi konvensional biasanya diajarkan hanya dengan meminta mahasiswa menuliskan sebuah puisi di selembar kertas. Padahal, pembelajaran menulis puisi akan sangat menyenangkan jika pendidik mampu memotivasi mahasiswa untuk berkarya dengan metode dan media yang tepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 479,
"width": 443,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan dalam pembelajaran menulis puisi ialah mengajak mahasiswa untuk berlatih mengungkapkan gagasan atau ide melalui kata-kata tanpa harus berinteraksi dengan lawan bicara. Untuk mewujudkan proses pembelajaran keterampilan menulis puisi yang diajarkan, Elbow (2010) menyatakan bahwa aspek yang paling efektif untuk menulis adalah dengan berlatih menulis bebas secara berkala atau paling tidak tiga kali dalam seminggu. Kegiatan pembelajaran menulis yang dilakukan memiliki berbagai bentuk, salah satunya adalah menulis puisi (Dalman, 2015). Perlu adanya media pembelajaran yang menarik untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dalam menulis puisi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 603,
"width": 443,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hadirnya berbagai media pembelajaran tentunya menjadi tuntutan besar kepada pengajar untuk menerapkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran secara bervariasi dan inovatif sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman dan teknologi. Di era globalisasi penggunaan internet berkembang sangat pesat. Hal ini ditandai dengan penggunaan gawai di kalangan mahasiswa yang selalu terkoneksi dengan internet sebagai pembelajaran daring (Apriani dkk., 2021). Mahasiswa dapat mencari berbagai informasi secara daring dalam bentuk nyata atau audiovisual (Aziz & Mukhtar, 2014) . Salah satu media sosial yang bisa digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran atau perkuliahan secara daring ialah media sosial",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 264,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marlina Bakri, Yusni Pemanfaatan Youtube sebagai Media Pembelajaran Menulis Puisi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 751,
"width": 370,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 4, No. 1, June 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 774,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 443,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Youtube . Sebagaimana pendapat yang dikemukakan Baskoro (dalam Samosir dkk., 2018) bahwa Youtube merupakan salah satu situs media digital ( video ) yang dapat diunduh, diunggah, serta dibagikan ( share ) kepada seluruh penjuru negeri. Selanjutnya pendapat yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan Youtube juga dikemukakan Sianipar dalam Samosir dkk. (2018) bahwa Youtube sebuah basis data berisi konten video yang populer di media, serta penyedia beragam informasi yang sangat membantu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 185,
"width": 443,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hadirnya berbagai media Youtube tentunya sangat membantu peserta didik maupun tenaga pengajar dalam proses pembelajaran (Kamhar & Lestari, 2019). Apalagi di era sekarang ini yang seluruh kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring. Hakim (2021) mengungkapkan bahwa sistem pembelajaran secara daring membuat peserta didik untuk lebih banyak mengakes berbagai materi pembelajaran melaui koneksi internet. Hal ini tentunya dapat menjadi tuntutan bagi para peserta didik untuk meningkatkan penguasaan literasi, baik itu literasi digital, literasi membaca, menulis, dan berbagai literasi lainnya yang dapat memberikan wawasan dan keterampilan yang baik kepada peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 309,
"width": 443,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, melalui pemanfaatan media sosial Youtube dalam kegiatan pembelajaran akan memberikan sinergi baru dalam aktivitas pembelajaran menulis puisi sehingga mahasiswa lebih tertarik dan kreatif dalam menuangkan ide-ide dalam bentuk menulis puisi. Beberapa penelitian terkait pemanfaatan media Youtube sebagai media pembelajaran telah dilakukan. Pertama, penelitian yang dilakukan Assidik (2018) yang berkaitan dengan pemanfaatan media sosial berbasis literasi digital. Dalam penelitian tersebut dipaparkan media sosial digunakan sebagai sumber belajar untuk mengenalkan peserta didik terhadap isu dan informasi hoax . Pemanfaatan media sosial sebagai media pembelajaran juga diharapkan dapat meminimalkan efek negatif dari penggunaan media sosial. Dua, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Hamzah (2015) yang berkaitan dengan pola penggunaan situs jejaring sosial sebagai media pembelajaran untuk mahasiswa, penelitian tersebut memaparkan alur penggunaan media sosial, mulai dari dosen mengunggah materi serta tugas-tugas yang harus dikerjakan mahasiswa kemudian dilanjutkan dengan forum diskusi dengan dosen bersama mahasiswa lain untuk menanggapi materi yang telah dibagikan oleh dosen melalui grup kelas yang telah dibuat sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 543,
"width": 443,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selanjutnya, hasil penelitian Nurhakim dkk. (2021) dengan judul Speaking Students’ Improvement Through Critical Thinking Concepts and Youtube Media. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa empat tahapan pembelajaran berbicara, yang dimulai dari tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan berbicara, tahap evaluasi, dan tahap publikasi melalui media Youtube. Hasil pembelajaran tampak bahwa siswa lebih percaya diri dalam menyajikan materi dan penguasaan materi secara terstruktur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 640,
"width": 443,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian masalah dan hasil kajian dari beberapa penelitian relevan menunjukkan bahwa penelitian ini cukup penting untuk dilakukan. Perbedaan penelitian sebelumnya dengan penelitian yang penulis lakukan ialah pemanfaatan media Youtube dalam menulis puisi. Pemanfaatan Youtube dapat mempermudah dosen menyampaikan materi dan membuat mahasiswa tidak merasa bosan. Selain itu, dalam proses pembelajaran menulis puisi dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 264,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marlina Bakri, Yusni Pemanfaatan Youtube sebagai Media Pembelajaran Menulis Puisi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 740,
"width": 370,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 4, No. 1, June 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 763,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 443,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memanfaatkan media sosial Youtube dapat mengasilkan karya yang lebih kreatif dan bervariasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 131,
"width": 143,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B. Metodologi Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 144,
"width": 443,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif adalah menggambarkan fenomena yang terjadi pada mahasiswa dalam menulis puisi setelah memanfaatkan Youtube sebagai media pembelajaran. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui lembar observasi dalam menulis puisi. Adapun sumber data dalam penelitian ini dari hasil obervasi adalah video di Youtube hasil tugas menulis puisi mahasiswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 227,
"width": 443,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jumlah responden sebanyak 40 mahasiswa yang bersumber dari data berupa video di Youtube hasil menulis puisi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan pada penelitian ini, yaitu observasi dengan cara menyimak video di Youtube. Teknik yang dipergunakan dalam mengolah data penelitian dengan cara menyimak, menyeleksi data, menganalisis, dan menyimpulkan hasil penelitian. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan member check dengan menyajikan data penelitian yang bisa dilihat di Youtube.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 338,
"width": 213,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "C. Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan 1. Hasil Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 365,
"width": 165,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Pembelajaran Menulis Puisi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 379,
"width": 443,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian berdasarkan observasi pemanfaatan media Youtube dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam memunculkan imajinasi dan menuangkan ide-ide atau pengalaman yang dimiliki. Mahasiswa sesudah menyimak video di Youtube lebih fokus dan terarah. Penggunaan media Youtube dapat membantu mahasiswa untuk lebih tertarik dalam belajar menulis puisi, sehingga menghasilkan puisi kreatif. Karena puisi yang ditulis oleh mahasiswa menggunakan tema yang bebas, mengolah diksi yang digunakan agar sesuai dengan ekspresi yang akan diungkapkan dan gaya bahasa yang menarik dan mudah dipahami berdasarkan ide-ide secara kreatif ke dalam sebuah puisi yang bermakna seperti pada puisi Tuntas yang Terlintas , Nahkoda Sepi , dan Tanda Tanya .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 531,
"width": 172,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Pemanfaatan Media Youtube",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 544,
"width": 443,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemanfaatan media Youtube dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas menjadi hal yang cukup penting untuk diterapkan karena pada era globalisasi peserta didik tidak terlepas dengan media sosial, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media maupun sumber belajar yang efektif. Memanfaatkan media yang dalam hal ini Youtube untuk mengakses media pembelajaran sudah dilakukan sejak awal dikenal oleh warganet. Membuat channel Youtube dapat dilakukan melalui akun Google. Hal ini, karena Youtube terintegrasi dengan Google, maka harus memiliki akun Google untuk dapat masuk dan mengunggah video. Berikut cara membuat channel Youtube dari PC menggunakan akun Google: (1) membuka situs https://www.youtube.com/ di browsermu; (2) klik login di pojok sebelah kanan dan masuk dengan akun Google; (3) setelah masuk dengan akun Google, pada pojok kanan atas, klik akun; (4) pilh opsi buat channel atau create channel; (5) setelah itu akan muncul pop-up untuk memilih nama channel sesuai akun Google atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 264,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marlina Bakri, Yusni Pemanfaatan Youtube sebagai Media Pembelajaran Menulis Puisi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 751,
"width": 370,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 4, No. 1, June 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 774,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "43",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 443,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "membuatnya sendiri secara kustom. Pilih nama kustom agar bisa menentukan nama channel Youtube sendiri; (6) masukkan nama channel yang ingin dibuat, centang syarat dan ketentuan, lalu klik buat; (7) channel Youtube sudah berhasil dibuat; (8) dosen dapat memilih berbagai video yang sesuai untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar (materi perkuliahan) kemudian diunggah ke akun Youtube; (9) mahasiswa diminta untuk mengikuti Youtube pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Menulis Puisi; (10) selain menyimak video yang diunggah oleh dosen, mahasiswa diberikan tugas untuk menulis suatu karya puisi bebas maupun puisi kreatif. Youtube mempunyai pengertian sebagai situs media digital (video) yang dapat di- download, diunggah, serta dibagikan ( share ) di seluruh penjuru negeri (Samosir dkk., 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 240,
"width": 443,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mahasiswa dalam hal ini memanfaatkan Youtube dapat mengunduh video edukatif yang dapat membantu mereka menambah wawasan dan menyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan oleh dosen, khususnya dalam menulis puisi kreatif dengan memilih tema yang diminati. Sebelum menulis, pilihlah tema yang paling diminati. Karena dengan meminati tema itu, mahasiswa akan lebih menikmati menulis puisi dan memilih diksi yang tepat. Membangun suasana, maksudnya, membuat suasana yang akan dituangkan dalam bentuk puisi. Semakin baik suasana yang dibangun, maka semakin baik pula puisi yang dilahirkan karena puisi adalah rangkaian kalimat yang indah, maka harus dipilih kata-kata yang indah. Selanjutnya, mahasiswa menulis puisi bebas dengan menggunakan pilihan diksi yang tepat dengan mengembangkan gagasan dan imajinasi dan penyajian masing-masing berdasarkan gagasan pada video yang telah diikuti di akun Youtube dosen dan mahasiswa menyunting sendiri pilihan diksi yang terdapat dalam puisi yang ditulisnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 447,
"width": 95,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 461,
"width": 446,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Proses pembelajaran merupakan kegiatan yang penting untuk dipahami dengan baik guna menentukan keberhasilan pendidikan. Perangkat yang dimaksud adalah semua hal yang terlibat dalam sistem pendidikan termasuk proses pembelajaran. Proses pembelajaran yang baik dapat terbukti dari tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran. Hal yang dapat dilakukan oleh dosen agar terjadi suatu proses pemerolehan ilmu pengetahuan, pelatihan keterampilan, dan pembentukan sikap yang baik kepada mahasiswa (Noermanzah 2015). Selain itu, pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran hendaknya diciptakan suasana yang interaktif, kreatif, dan inovatif, baik antara media yang digunakan, maupun sikap interaktif antara mahasiswa. Sebagaimana pendapat yang dikemukakan Sudjana & Rivai (2009) bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan media merupakan hal yang paling mudah digunakan untuk menulis puisi. Media tersebut dapat menghubungkan antara media sosial yang mampu menimbulkan serta menggungah perasaan bagi penyimaknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 654,
"width": 443,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendapat yang selaras juga dikemukakan Rusman (2012) bahwa pembelajaran adalah proses interaksi mahasiswa dengan dosen dan sumber belajar pada suatu lingkungan. Pembelajaran secara garis besar dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu proses interaksi antara komponen-komponen sistem pembelajaran dengan tujuan untuk mencapai suatu hasil belajar (Fujiawati, 2016). Hal ini berarti bahwa pembelajaran adalah proses transaksional (saling",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 264,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marlina Bakri, Yusni Pemanfaatan Youtube sebagai Media Pembelajaran Menulis Puisi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 740,
"width": 370,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 4, No. 1, June 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 763,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 443,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memberikan timbal balik) di antara komponen-komponen sistem pembelajaran (Hamalik, 2015). Berdasarkan pendapat tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran merupakan suatu proses interaksi antara dosen dengan mahasiswa, yang bertujuan mencapai suatu hasil belajar dengan suasana belajar yang aktif, kreatif, dan inovatif sesuai dengan kompetensi yang telah ditetapkan oleh guru atau dosen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 172,
"width": 443,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Media sosial sebagai pembelajaran merupakan salah satu komponen yang mempunyai peranan penting dalam kegiatan belajar-mengajar. Pemanfaatan media seharusnya merupakan bagian yang harus mendapat perhatian dosen/fasilitator dalam setiap kegiatan pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, dosen/fasilitator perlu mempelajari bagaimana menetapkan media pembelajaran agar dapat mengefektifkan pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran dalam proses belajar- mengajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 269,
"width": 443,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Zaman yang semakin berkembang ini seharunya teori dan teknologi sejalan dalam dunia pendidikan karena ilmu berkembang begitu pesat. Menurut Gerlach & Ely (dalam Arsyad, 2017) media adalah manusia, alat-alat grafis, fotografis, elektronis, materi atau kejadian yang membangun kondisi yang membuat mahasiswa mampu memperoleh kemampuan, keterampilan, mampu menangkap, memroses, dan menyusun kembali informasi verbal atau visual.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 351,
"width": 443,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemanfaatan media Youtube merupakan salah satu media yang dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran. Dalam menggunakan media sosial ini, mahasiswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran begitu aktif dalam menulis puisi menggunakan Youtube. Pembelajaran dengan memberikan materi secara singkat bagaimana format penulisan puisi yang baik. Materi yang diberikan langsung dipraktikkan oleh beberapa mahasiswa dalam menentukan tema selanjutnya menulis draf puisi. Setelah pemberian materi, mahasiswa diarahkan untuk menulis puisi bertema bebas. Mahasiswa menulis di kertas terlebih dahulu, setelah itu di ketik. Setelah puisi selesai ditulis, dosen menginstruksikan untuk membacakan dan mengunggah hasil video ke dalam Youtube. Akhir dari pembelajaran adalah memberikan penghargaan kepada siswa yang aktif dan mampu mengikuti pembelajaran dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 517,
"width": 443,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembelajaran puisi menggunakan media sosial Youtube merupakan pembelajaran menyenangkan dengan mendekatkan mahasiswa pada teknologi. Pembelajaran menulis puisi dengan menggunakan media sosial Youtube merupakan sebuah ide yang dapat digunakan dosen karena pembelajaran tersebut tidak berfokus pada teori, tetapi langsung melakukan praktik menulis puisi sehingga pembelajaran benar bermakna bagi dunia pendidikan. Bentuk pembelajaran ini juga tidak membosankan. Namun, kelemahan dari pembelajaran ini adalah harus menyediakan kuota sehingga mudah mengakses internet.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 648,
"width": 73,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "D. Simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 662,
"width": 442,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemanfaatan media Youtube merupakan salah satu media yang dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran. Dalam menggunakan media sosial ini, mahasiswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran begitu aktif dalam menulis puisi menggunakan Youtube. Pembelajaran dengan memberikan materi secara singkat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 264,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marlina Bakri, Yusni Pemanfaatan Youtube sebagai Media Pembelajaran Menulis Puisi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 751,
"width": 370,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 4, No. 1, June 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 774,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "45",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 443,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "bagaimana format penulisan puisi yang baik. Materi yang diberikan langsung dipraktikkan oleh beberapa mahasiswa dalam menentukan tema, selanjutnya menulis draf puisi. Setelah pemberian materi, mahasiswa diarahkan untuk menulis puisi bertema bebas. Pemanfaatan Youtube dapat terlaksana secara efektif apabila seorang dosen bisa menerapkan dalam perkuliahan dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa aspek, baik dari segi kegunaan, ketepatan, maupun ruang lingkup konten yang sesuai dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Fenomena ini tidak terlepas dari pengaruh era modern yang ditandai dengan berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Dalam menulis puisi menggunakan media sosial Youtube dapat menumbuhkan kreativitas mahasiswa dalam berkarya. Dengan menggunakan media sosial Youtube tidak hanya mendorong mahasiswa untuk aktif dalam berimajinasi, tetapi juga mendorong mahasiswa memberikan apresiasi terhadap karya orang lain sehingga pembelajaran tidak berfokus pada hasil, tetapi juga pada proses pembelajaran dari berbagai arah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 316,
"width": 91,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 336,
"width": 443,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Apriani, E., Syafryadin, S., Inderawati, R., Arianti, A., Wati, S., Hakim, I. N., & Noermanzah, N. (2021). Implementing E-learning training toward english virtual lecturers: The process, perspectives, challenges and solutions. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 391,
"width": 228,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "16 (04), 240. doi:10.3991/ijet.v16i04.14125",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 419,
"width": 342,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Arsyad, A. (2017). Media pembelajaran . Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 447,
"width": 443,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Assidik, G.K. (2018). Pemanfaatan media sosial sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran berbasis literasi digital yang interaktif dan kekinian. Seminar Nasional SAGA Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, 242-246. http://seminar.uad.ac.id/index.php/saga/article/viewfile/124/370",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 516,
"width": 443,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aziz, A. & Mukhtar, M. (2014). Pemanfaatan media audiovisual dalam pembelajaran menulis puisi. Jurnal Semantik, 1 (3), 1-18.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 405,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalman. (2015). Keterampilan menulis . Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 585,
"width": 443,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Elbow, P. (2010). Writing without teacher: Merdeka dalam menulis (terjemahan) . Jakarta: Indonesia Publishing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 626,
"width": 443,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fujiawati, F. S. (2016). Pemahaman konsep kurikulum dan pembelajaran dengan peta konsep bagi mahasiswa Pendidikan Seni FKIP Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kajian Seni, 1 (1).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 681,
"width": 443,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gita, L., & Haryono, C. G. (2019). Komodifikasi sensualitas dalam tayangan Kimi Hime di media sosial Youtube. SEMIOTIKA: Jurnal Komunikasi, 13 (1). doi:10.30813/s:jk.v13i1.1791",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 264,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marlina Bakri, Yusni Pemanfaatan Youtube sebagai Media Pembelajaran Menulis Puisi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 740,
"width": 370,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 4, No. 1, June 2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 763,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "46",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 443,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hakim, M. N. (2021). Studi tingkat literasi membaca mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring. Bahtera Indonesia; Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 6 (1), 77-87.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 144,
"width": 369,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hamalik, O. (2015). Proses belajar mengajar . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 172,
"width": 443,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hamzah, A. (2015). Pola penggunaan situs jejaring sosial sebagai media pembelajaran untuk mahasiswa. Teknoin, 21 (4), 167-177. https://doi.org/10.20885/teknoin. vol21.iss4art3.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 227,
"width": 443,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kamhar, M. Y., & Lestari, E. (2019). Pemanfaat sosial media Youtube sebagai media pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di perguruan tinggi. Inteligensi : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 1 (2). https://doi.org/10.33366/ilg.v1i2.1356",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 282,
"width": 443,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Noermanzah, N. (2015). Peran dosen bahasa dan sastra Indonesia dalam mempertahankan bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat pemersatu negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia pada era globalisasi. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Bulan Bahasa 2015. Unit Penerbitan FKIP Universitas Bengkulu, p. 274. http://repository.unib.ac.id/11133/",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 365,
"width": 443,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Noermanzah, N., Abid, S., & Septaria, S. (2018). Improving the ability of writing a narrative charge by using animated images media student class V.B SD Negeri 17 Lubuklinggau. BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, 17 (2), 118. doi:10.21009/bahtera.172.9",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 434,
"width": 443,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nurhakim, S., Sasmayunita, A. T., & Sri Wahyuni, S. S. (2021). Speaking students’ improvement through critical thinking concepts and Youtube media. Psychology and Education Journal, 58 (2), 9042-9049.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 489,
"width": 443,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rusman. (2012). Model-model pembelajaran . Edisi 2 Cetakan ke-5. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 531,
"width": 443,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Samosir, F.T. dkk. 2018. Efektivitas Youtube sebagai media pembelajaran mahasiswa (studi di Fakultas FISIP Universitas Bengkulu). Record and Library Journal, 4 (2), 81-91.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 586,
"width": 443,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Satinem, S., Juwati, J., & Noermanzah, N. (2020). Developing teaching material of poetry appreciation based on students competency analysis. English Review: Journal of English Education, 8 (2), 237. doi:10.25134/erjee.v8i2.2707",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 655,
"width": 443,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sudjana, N. & Rivai, A. (2009). Media pengajaran . Bandung: Sinar Baru Algesindo.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
e659506a-3cb7-0f1f-40ee-9f4072bf15a1 | https://ojs.mahadewa.ac.id/index.php/jpkr/article/download/1043/968 | [
{
"left": 492,
"top": 786,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "264",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 117,
"width": 395,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anxiety Pembelajaran Daring di Era Covid-19 : pada Matakuliah Praktikum",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 161,
"width": 155,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edi Irwanto ¹⁾, Galih Farhanto ²⁾",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 171,
"width": 424,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "¹ ) dan ²⁾ Prodi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi E-mail : ¹⁾ [email protected], ²⁾ [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 211,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 224,
"width": 428,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sesuai edaran surat kemendikbud No 4 tahun 2020 menyatakan belajar dari rumah melalui pembelajaran jarak jauh atau daring, akan tetapi pembelajaran daring pada perkuliahan praktikum memiliki dampak negative bagi mahasiswa salah satunya ialah anxiety . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui anxiety mahasiswa pada saat mengikuti matakuliah praktikum dengan metode pembelajaran daring di Era Covid-19, Pada Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi, FOK, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan presentase. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester 1 angkatan tahun 2020/2021, Jumlah sampel sebesar 50 mahasiswa yang ditentukan secara random sampling. Hasil penelitian secara garis besar menunjukan bahwa tingkat kecemasan mahasiswa pada saat mengikuti perkuliahan praktikum dengan system pembelajaran daring dalam kategori sedang. Sehingga proses pembelajaran daring dapat digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran pada matakuliah praktikum, akan tetapi perlu memperhatikan ketersediaan fasilitas-fasilitas pendukung pembelajaran tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 401,
"width": 325,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci : kecemasan; pembelajaran daring; perkuliahan praktikum",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 268,
"top": 427,
"width": 60,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 439,
"width": 428,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to the Circular of the Ministry of Education and Culture No. 4 of 2020 mentioned learning from home via distance or online learning, but online learning in practicum lectures has a negative impact on students, one of which is anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of anxiety of students following practical courses in the Covid-19 Era, Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative with a percentage. The population in this study were 1st semester students. The sample size was 30 students who were determined by random sampling. The results of the study in general show that the level of anxiety of students while attending practical lectures with an online learning system is in the medium category. So that the online learning process can be used for the learning process in practicum courses, but it is necessary to pay attention to the availability of learning support facilities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 591,
"width": 247,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords : anxiety; online learning; practical lectures",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 617,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 630,
"width": 201,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Proses belajar menyatakan bahwa belajar dari rumah melalui pembelajaran daring atau jarak jauh dilaksanakan untuk memberikan pembelajaran yang bermakna bagi siswa (Surat Edaran Mendikbud No 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pelaksanaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 617,
"width": 429,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kebijakan Pendidikan Dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19), 2020). Menurut (Hakiman, 2020) Pembelajaran daring merupakan pembelajaran tanpa tatap muka secara langsung antara dosen dan mahasiswa, tetapi melakukan melalui online . Pembelajaran secara daring dan bekerja dari rumah bagi para tenaga pendidik merupakan perubahan yang harus dilakukan oleh dosen untuk tetap mengajar mahasiswa (Argaheni,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 741,
"width": 201,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2020). Pembelajaran daring merupakan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 32,
"width": 187,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan Rekreasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 32,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "P-ISSN 2337-9561",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 46,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 7, No. 2, Hal. 264-269, Juni 2021",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 46,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E-ISSN 2580-1430",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 60,
"width": 156,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.4896117",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 786,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "265",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 201,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "hal yang baru, baik bagi mahasiswa maupun dosen sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama untuk beradaptasi. Mahasiswa dituntut untuk dapat mengikuti proses perkuliahan dengan aturan tertentu pada matakuliah yang ditempuhnya, selain itu mahasiswa juga dituntut untuk mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan oleh dosen pengampu matakuliah (Toby, 2018). Keterbatasan adaptasi pada proses pembelajaran daring dimasa pendemi memiliki dampak yang negative pada peserta didik (Maia & Dias, 2020). Model pembelajaran daring memiliki dampak negatif salah satunya adalah anxienty pada peserta didik (Hasanah et al., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 365,
"width": 202,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dampak dari sistem pembelajaran daring ini adalah terjadi anxienty pada mahasiswa yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan prestasi dibidang akademik. Proses perkuliahan yang menekan dianggap lebih menimbulkan anxienty pada peserta didik (Slameto, 2010). Anxienty dapat timbul karena dipicu oleh situasi dan kondisi tertentu yang membuat perasaan tidak nyaman dan bisa terjadi tanpa disadari yang disebabkan oleh sesuatu yang khusus (Suratmi et al., 2017). Anxienty merupakan ketidak berdayaan neurotik , rasa tidak aman, tidak matang, dan kekurangmampuan dalam menghadapi tuntutan realitas (lingkungan), kesulitan dan tekanan kehidupan sehari-hari (Yusuf, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 627,
"width": 202,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anxienty juga dialami oleh peserta didik atau mahasiswa yang mengambil atau menempuh perkuliahan praktikum. Hal ini dikarenakan pendidikan jasmani merupakan suatu proses pembelajaran yang tidak lepas dari kegiatan praktikum. Pembelajaran senam, kecemasan dapat muncul pada setiap peserta didik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 737,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "yang mengikuti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 116,
"width": 202,
"height": 619,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pembelajaran praktikum tersebut (Ayun, 2019). Anxienty yang muncul dapat memecahkan konsentrasi peserta didik dan menjadikan peserta didik merasa takut untuk melakukan gerakan pada saat praktikum. Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak negatif yaitu mahasiswa kesulitan belajar secara teknis atau praktikum (Daima Ulfa & Mikdar, 2020). Pada proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani yang bersifat praktikum penilaian mencakup tiga aspek yaitu kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor yang sudah direncanakan secara sistematis (Tejamukti, 2016). Model pembelajaran daring dapat diaplikasikan dalam pendidikan jasmani denganmetode portal Schoology , dan Vlog . Dengan kata lain metode tersebut memiliki aplikasi video yang dapat digunakan untuk mendemontrasikan gerakan-gerakan dalam ranah psikomotor yang bersifat praktikum (Jayul & Irwanto, 2020). Sesuai dengan panduan kurikulum program studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi, Fakultas Olahraga Kesehatan, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, pada semester 1 terdapat tiga matakuliah praktikum yaitu, Bolavoli, Senam, dan Atletik. Dimana secara proses pelaksanaan pembelajaranya mahasiswa dituntut untuk memahami dan mampu memperaktikan gerakan-gerakan dan teknik dasar dari ketiga matakuliah tersebut. Dari uraian diatas maka dapat ditulis rumusan masalah Bagaimanakah anxienty mahasiswa pada saat mengikuti perkulahan praktikum menggunakan metode pembelajaran daring?. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui anxienty mahasiswa pada saat mengikuti perkuliahan praktikum menggunakan metode pembelajaran daring.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 35,
"width": 265,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan Rekreasi │Vol. 7, No. 2, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 786,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "266",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 130,
"width": 202,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif (sugiono, 2011). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa pendidikan jasmani kesehatan dan rekreasi (PJKR) angkatan 2020/2021. Sampel berjumlah 50 Mahasiswa yang ditentukan dengan system random sampling. Tempat penelitian di Lab Micro Teaching Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini dilkasanakan pada 25 Januari 2021. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memberikan koesioner/angket untuk mengetahui tingkat anxienty (Tangkudung &",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 337,
"width": 57,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mylsidayu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 337,
"width": 130,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2017). Analisis data",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 351,
"width": 201,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dilakukan dengan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif dengan presentase (Sudjana, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 406,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 420,
"width": 202,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil anaslis data dari penyebaran angket yang dilakukan, Anxienty mahasiswa semester 1 angkatan 2020/2021 pada saat mengikuti proses pembelajaran daring matakuliah praktikum tersaji pada tabel dibawah ini. Dari tabel 1 diatas dapat diketahui bahwa pada matakuliah bolavoli",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 116,
"width": 202,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "persentase tertinggi pada kategori sedang sebesar 68%, dan terendah sebesar 0 % pada kategori sangat tinggi. Pada matakuliah senam persentase tertinggi sebasar 42% pada ketegori rendah dan terendah sebesar 10% pada kategori tinggi dan sangat rendah. Pada matakuliah atletik persentase tertinggi sebesar 38% pada kategori sedang dan terendah sebesar 8% pada kategori sangat rendah. Berikut data disajikan dalam bentuk grafik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 282,
"width": 202,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari grafik anxienty mahasiswa dalam mengikuti matakuliah praktikum diatas dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut: Kategori anxienty sangat tinggi pada matakuliah senam dengan persentase sebesar 14% dan atletik sebesar 16%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 365,
"width": 202,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kategori tinggi untuk matakuliah bolavoli dan senam masing-masing sebesar 10% dan atletik sebesar 28%. Kategori sedang untuk matakuliah bolavoli sebesar 68%, senam sebesar 24% dan atletik sebesar 38%. Kategori rendah untuk matakuliah bolavoli sebesar 14%, senam sebesar 42% dan atletik sebesar 10%. Kategori sangat rendah untuk matakuliah bolavoli dan atletik masing-masing sebesar 8% dan senam sebesar 10%.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 34,
"width": 390,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E. Irwanto & G. Farhanto, Anxienty Pembelajaran Daring di Era Covid-19 : pada Matakuliah Praktikum",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 786,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "267",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 337,
"width": 202,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada perkuliahan bolavoli dan atletik sebagian besar mahasiswa memiliki tingkat anxienty sedang, artinya mahasiswa tidak merasakan anxienty yang berarti ketika mengikuti perkulihan secara daring atau belajar dari dan dirumah. Hal ini dikarenakan banyak terdapat fasilitas-fasilitas pendukung dilingkungan sekitar tempat tinggalnya. Mahasiswa bisa membuat dan mengatur jadwal belajarnya dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas yang ada dilingkungan tempat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 230,
"top": 503,
"width": 57,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tinggalnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 517,
"width": 202,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sehingga mahasiswa bisa belajar bolavoli dan atletik diluar jam pembelajaran. (Daima Ulfa & Mikdar, 2020) menyatakan bahwa perkuliahan dilakukan secara daring membuat jadwal perkuliahan lebih fleksibel, sehingga ada kalanya dilakukan di luar jadwal perkuliahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 627,
"width": 202,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada perkuliahan senam sebagian besar mahasiswa mengalami anxienty rendah. Hal ini dikarenakan untuk belajar dan melakukan gerakan senam tidak memerlukan fasilitas kusus, sehingga mahasiswa bisa belajar dan melakukan teknik senam dirumah. Pembelajaran senam dapat dilakukan dengan efektif apabila sarana dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 337,
"width": 202,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "prasarana menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran, akan tetapi secara sederhana pembelajaran senam dapat dilakukan dimana saja, seperti dirumah, sekolahan, dan lainya (Angélica Neumann da Rosa, 2016). Anxienty mahasiswa dengan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 434,
"width": 201,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kategori sangat tinggi sebesar 10% pada matakuliah senam dan atletik yang artinya ada kendala pada beberapa mahasiswa yang mengikuti perkulihan praktikum secara daring. Kendala yang terjadi berupa fasilitas, jaringan internet dan mahasiswa tersebut kurang berminat atau tidak memiliki keterampilan teknik dasar dengan matakulih yang ditempuh. Pembelajaran daring terdapat beberapa masalah seperti penguasaan teknologi yang masih rendah, keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana, jaringan internet, biaya, dan motivasi pendidik serta peserta didik yang menurun karena",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 627,
"width": 201,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "bosan menggunakan teknologi tersebut (Fitria & Suminah, 2020). Suatu aktivitas ataupun kegiatan bisa berjalan dengan baik jika didukung oleh perasaan senang. Perasaan senang adalah gejala psikis yang bersifat subjektif yang umumnya berhubungan dengan gejala-gejala mengenal, dan dialami dalam kualitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 35,
"width": 266,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan Rekreasi │Vol. 7, No. 2, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 786,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "268",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 201,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "senang atau tidak senang dalam berbagai taraf (Husdarta, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 144,
"width": 201,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anxienty dengan kategori sangat rendah memiliki persentase sebesar 8% pada matakuliah bolavoli dan atletik, sebesar 10% pada matakuliah senam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 199,
"width": 116,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Artinya beberapa",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 199,
"width": 202,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mahasiswa menyatakan tidak ada permasalahan melaksanakan atau mengikuti proses perkuliahan praktikum secara daring. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya kelengkapan fasilitas dan minat pada mahasiswa tersebut. Bahwa dalam melaksanakan proses pembejaran daring mahasiswa tidak mengalami anxienty yang berlebihan (mayoritas dalam kategori sedang dan rendah), Sehingga mahasiswa memiliki rasa percaya diri pada saat mengikuti pembelajaran daring. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat (Febryanti & Dkk, 2020) yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 406,
"width": 202,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menyatakan bahwa ketika peserta didik memiliki kepercayaan diri yang tinggi maka ketika melakukan suatu apapun akan berjalan dengan lancar. Hal serupajuga dikemukakan oleh (Maia & Dias, 2020) menunjukkan bahwa para siswa yang dievaluasi selama periode pandemi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 503,
"width": 201,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menunjukkan tingkat kecemasan, depresi, dan stres yang jauh lebih tinggi, dibandingkan dengan para siswa pada masa-masa normal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 572,
"width": 137,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 586,
"width": 202,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan Anxienty mahasiswa pada perkuliahan praktikum masuk dalam kategori sedang. sehingga metode pembelajaran daring dapat digunakan pada pemebelajaran praktikum. Kami sarankan penggunakan metode pembelajaran daring pada matakuliah praktikum dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan rekaman video atau aplikasi berbasis audio visual",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 116,
"width": 201,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dengan memperhatikan jenis dan ketersediaan fasilitas yang dibutuhkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 158,
"width": 110,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 172,
"width": 201,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Angélica Neumann da Rosa. (2016). Pengaruh Senam Irama Terhadap Keterampilan Gerak Dasar Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Tk Bina Siwi Desa Krasak Kecamatan Pecangaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 241,
"width": 202,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kabupaten Jepara. (Vol. 23, Issue 45). Universitas Negeri Semarang Argaheni, N. B. (2020). Sistematik Review: Dampak Perkuliahan Daring Saat Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap Mahasiswa Indonesia. PLACENTUM: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Dan Aplikasinya , 8 (2), 99 Ayun. (2019). Kecemasan Peserta Didik Dalam Pembelajaran Senam Artistik Kelas X SMK 3 YPKK Sleman. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Daima Ulfa, Z., & Mikdar, Z. (2020).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 434,
"width": 180,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JOSSAE (Journal of Sport Science and Education) Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Perilaku Belajar,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 475,
"width": 181,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Interaksi Sosial dan Kesehatan bagi Mahasiswa FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya. Journal of Sport",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 517,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Science and Education) | , 5 (2), 124–",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 530,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "138",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 544,
"width": 201,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Febryanti, & Dkk. (2020). Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 572,
"width": 179,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lompat harimau. Altius , 9 (2), 92–99",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 586,
"width": 202,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fitria, H., & Suminah. (2020). Role of Teachers in Digital Instructional Era. Journal of Social Work and",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 627,
"width": 201,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Science Education , 1 (1), 70–77 Hakiman. (2020). Pembelajaran Daring . Institut Agama Islam Surakarta. https://iain-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 682,
"width": 201,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "surakarta.ac.id/pembelajaran-daring Hasanah, U., Ludiana, Immawati, & PH, L. (2020). Gambaran Psikologis Mahasiswa Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Selama Pandemi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 32,
"width": 390,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E. Irwanto & G. Farhanto, Anxienty Pembelajaran Daring di Era Covid-19 : pada Matakuliah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 43,
"width": 44,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Praktikum",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 786,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "269",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 116,
"width": 181,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Covid-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa , 8 (3), 299–306",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 144,
"width": 202,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Husdarta, H. J. S. (2016). Sejarah dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 158,
"width": 202,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Filsafat olahraga . Alfabeta Jayul, A., & Irwanto, E. (2020). Model Pembelajaran Daring Sebagai Alternatif Proses Kegiatan Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 Achmad. Jurnal",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 241,
"width": 181,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendidikan Kesehatan Rekreasi , 6 (2), 190–199",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 201,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maia, B. R., & Dias, P. C. (2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 282,
"width": 181,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anxiety, depression and stress in university students: The impact of COVID-19. Estudos de Psicologia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 323,
"width": 75,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Campinas) , 37",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 337,
"width": 201,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Surat Edaran Mendikbud No 4 Tahun",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 351,
"width": 202,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19), Pusdiklat Pegawai Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 300 (2020) Slameto. (2010). Belajar & faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi . Rineka Cipta. Sudjana. (2009). Metode Statistika .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 475,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tarsito",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 489,
"width": 202,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sugiono. (2011). metode penelitian pendidikan (pendekatan kuwantitatif,kuwalitatif,R&D). In Alfabbeta Pres . Alfa beta Suratmi, Abdullah, R., & Taufik, M.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 558,
"width": 180,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2017). Hubungan Antara Tingkat Kecemasan Dengan Hasil Belajar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 116,
"width": 202,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mahasiswa Di Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Untirta. Jurnal Pembelajaran Biologi , 4 (1), 1,11,15 Tangkudung, J., & Mylsidayu, A.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 172,
"width": 180,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2017). Mental Training Aspek- Aspek Psikologi dalam Olahraga . cakrawala cendekia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 213,
"width": 202,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tejamukti, A. G. (2016). Permainan Dalam Ranah Afektif (Kerjasama dan Tanggung Jawab) Dalam Pendidikan Jasmani di Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Jasmani Pascasarjana Um , 203– 212 Toby, M. P. (2018). Hubungan antara Kecemasan Akademik dengan Penggunaan Defense Mechanism pada Mahasiswa [Universitas Sananta Dharma]. In Universitas Sanata Dharma . https://repositorio.ufsc.br/bitstream/ handle/123456789/186602/PPAU01",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 434,
"width": 178,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "56-D.pdf?sequence=- 1&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://journal.st ainkudus.ac.id/index.php/equilibriu m/article/view/1268/1127%0Ahttp:/ /www.scielo.br/pdf/rae/v45n1/v45n 1a08%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 517,
"width": 201,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yusuf, S. (2009). Mental Hygine: Terapi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 530,
"width": 180,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Psikopiritual untuk Hidup Sehat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 544,
"width": 180,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berkualitas. In Bandung: Maestro . maestro",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 32,
"width": 265,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan Rekreasi │Vol. 7, No. 2, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
}
] |
27a85aae-a5f7-be58-5b13-064028c5a7b3 | https://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/JICE/article/download/11271/8775 | [
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "31",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 94,
"width": 310,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ASPHALT EXTRACTION TEST INVESTIGATION: POST AUDIT URGENCY AND THE FOLLOW UPS (CASE STUDY: ROAD SEGMENT MAINTENANCE Ir. SOEKARNO Rd–BATU)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 167,
"width": 104,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Riandono Pramaputro 1",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 183,
"width": 389,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1 Young Expert Auditor, Inspectorate of East Java Province, Ngagel Jaya Tengah 102 Surabaya, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 219,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 253,
"width": 56,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 265,
"width": 389,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In the most common opinions, the asphalt content test cannot be carried out during the post audit. But there are complaints about the poor quality of hotmix asphalt works in public sector projects from road users. In these cases, auditors must maintain reputation of the Government to accommodate trust in the development that has been done, by carrying out the function of monitoring and evaluating, including in the evaluating of road maintenance work. From visual observations, the the most conditions of routine maintenance work (on the study object) are not good as expected. Also, the test results of the asphalt content in the mixture (extraction) have proven that the quality does not meet the required technical specifications, in where the density value and the mixed asphalt content is 15.24% lower than the allowable tolerance. Under these conditions, auditors can assume that the similarity range of asphalt concrete (AC- WC) quality is still too far from the required specifications. Complaints about the poor quality of hotmix asphalt works must be accommodated by auditors to maintain the image and reputation of the Government in the trust of Regional Development.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 431,
"width": 389,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords: Road maintenance; asphalt content in mixture; extraction test; audit; evaluating.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 467,
"width": 79,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Introduction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 479,
"width": 415,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Every construction work is certainly expected to produce adequate construction buildings and meet the requirements set. Management as the operator of construction work is obliged to realize the success of project implementation, by fulfilling the provisions for its implementation. the fact that road management agencies in most of the developing countries have limited resources, staff and data to plan the interventions carried out on road networks [1].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 538,
"width": 415,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Quality testing of the work is a compulsory control, the same applies to road maintenance works. Also in other research that research the quality testing by interviewing project management practitioners [2]. One of quality testing is asphalt testing. The laboratory tests are also to find the amount of asphalt content, the proportion and quality of the aggregate gradation, and the characteristics of the asphalt mixture (density, VIM, VMA, VFB, stability, flow, MQ) [3]. The asphalt-concrete mixture was tested using the Marshall Test method [4].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 610,
"width": 415,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "From many management opinions (Commitment-Making Officers, Contractors, and Consultants), the asphalt content test cannot be carried out during the post audit, considering that apart from the asphalt aging factor, this can only be done when the AC-WC spread process is carried out, by taking loose samples behind the finisher or those in the Asphalt Mixing Plant (AMP).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 657,
"width": 415,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Auditors as Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus in Indonesia must maintain the image and reputation of the Government to accommodate trust in the development that has been done, by carrying out the function of monitoring and evaluating, including in the evaluating of road maintenance work. So there are several problems that occur there are the role position of auditors as the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus in responding to public complaints, especially to",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "32",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 93,
"width": 415,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "evaluate the performance of services provided by the Government; level of importance for testing the asphalt content in mixture (extraction test) by the auditor during the post audit; and how to follow up on the results of the asphalt level test on the results of the post audit. This research purposes are providing confidence that the role of auditors as the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus in guarding the accountability of construction projects is very important to maintain the performance of services provided by the Government; providing assurance to auditors, in general, not to hesitate to test asphalt content during the post audit as part of quality control of work results; and providing confidence that the contribution of the audit results by the auditors can be useful for the public, especially to accommodate the safety of road users.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 212,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Material and Method",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 230,
"width": 73,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.1. Theoretical",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 241,
"width": 395,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. The differences in motivation and information asymmetry cause concern about the reliability of the information provided, which has an impact on the level of trust of the principal (service owner) in their agent (service provider). Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for agent performance include auditing [5];",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 445,
"width": 331,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Figure 1 . Principles of Stewardship, Accountability, and Agency Cycle Theory",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 469,
"width": 395,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Supervision of the infrastructure development of Regional Government is the effort, action and activity aimed at ensuring that the administration of the Regional Government runs efficiently and effectively in accordance with the provisions of constitutions and regulations. The Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus is the inspectorate general of the ministry, the supervisory unit for non-ministerial government agencies, the provincial inspectorate, and the district/city inspectorate like written in Indonesian Government Regulation, Number 12 of 2017, and also implementation of the government internal control system and the use of information technology in improving the quality of reports on local-owned asset reports in Government [6];",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 576,
"width": 395,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. The implementation of internal audits within Government agencies is carried out by officials who have the task of carrying out supervision and who have met the expertise competency requirements as auditors as stipulated by the Agency for Functional Positions as written in Article 51, Indonesian Government Regulation, Number 60 of 2008. But any research found that there is no support for the audit professionalism on internal audit effectiveness [7];",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 636,
"width": 395,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Auditor's professional skepticism is the auditor's attitude in conducting audit engagements in which this attitude includes a mind that always questions and performs critical evaluation of audit evidence. Since audit evidence is collected and assessed during the audit process, professional skepticism must be used during the process (IAI. 2001, SA Section 230; AICPA, 2002, AU 230);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 695,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Professional skepticism as an auditor's personality includes prudence, vigilance, not just believing, critical assessment, questioning the validity of evidence, the reliability of",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "33",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 93,
"width": 382,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "evidence, being aware of contradictory evidence, authenticity of evidence, engineering evidence, suspecting suspicious matters, assessing results non-generalized observations, conduct careful evaluations and make conservative conclusions. Auditor's professional skepticism will lead him to ask every signal that indicates the possibility of occurrence [8].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 293,
"width": 297,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Figure 2 . Schemes of Auditor’s Professional Judgment and Skepticism",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 317,
"width": 398,
"height": 201,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. There are 3 (three) main emphases on the focus of monitoring the administration of Regional Government. First, the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus becomes a clearance by being in a key position in determining whether a public complaint has criminal or administrative indications and coordinates with Law Enforcement Officials in handling public complaints. Second, the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus must truly be able to function as an early warning system oriented towards preventive actions so as to ensure that programs and activities can be carried out with good, measurable accountability and no waste of budget and play an active role in providing consulting services. Third, The Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus must be able to become a trusted advisor who previously served as an assurance provider. The Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus as the third line of defense is expected to be able to actively advise stakeholders and increase value in the achievement of regional development goals and services to the public. Suggestions by the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus not only in the technical and short-term realms, but also in the strategic realm, in terms of regional development planning and development policies. Also successful implementation of risk-based audit is determined by several factors, such as the role of internal auditors, commitment of the top management, and professional development [9].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 158,
"top": 640,
"width": 345,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Figure 3 . Diagram of Developing the Role of Auditor as The Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus, as a Problem Solver",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 664,
"width": 395,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7. One type of test in determining the quality requirements of asphalt is the penetration of asphalt which is the rheological characteristic of asphalt, namely the hardness of asphalt. The results of this test can then be used in terms of quality control of asphalt or tar for road construction, improvement or maintenance purposes. This penetration test is very much",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "34",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 93,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "influenced by the total load weight, angle size and needle surface smoothness, temperature and time (RSNI 06-2456-1991);",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 117,
"width": 395,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "8. The mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture are derived from the friction and cohesion of the constituent ingredients. The performance of the asphalt mixture is greatly influenced by the properties of the aggregate and the asphalt as well as the properties of the solid mixture that has been formed from the two materials. Sampling and testing are two very important things in the quality control function [10].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 183,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.2. Documents/Regulations Related",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 194,
"width": 395,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Quality test for hot mix asphalt (including AC-WC) if during the AMP sampling test is in production and/or asphalt laying is running, loose samples are taken behind the finisher or at AMP for testing the asphalt content in the laboratory (extraction). The sample testing method for asphalt density is carried out based on SNI (Indonesian National Standart) 03- 6757-2002 and for testing asphalt content based on SNI 03-6894-2002;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 254,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. The provisions contained in the Contract documents of Roads Routine Maintenance for Ir. Soekarno Rd - Batu (Link. 192.16K) Cs, some of them:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 277,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Contract agreement articles;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 289,
"width": 241,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- General Conditions and Special Conditions of Contract;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 301,
"width": 112,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Technical specifications;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 313,
"width": 112,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Job Mix Formula (JMF);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 325,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Technical Plan Drawing;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 337,
"width": 395,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. General Specifications of Highways Year 2018 for Road and Bridge Construction Works (Form Letter of the Directorate General of Highways Number 02/SE/Db/2018) Division 6 concerning Asphalt Pavement, issued by the Directorate General of Highways of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 384,
"width": 395,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. General Specifications of the Public Works Office of Highways of East Java Province 2018 Division 6 concerning Asphalt Pavement, issued by the Public Works Office of Highways of East Java Province;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 420,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Indonesia Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018 concerning Government Procurement of Goods/Services:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 444,
"width": 395,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. Regulation of the Agency of Procurement Policy of Indonesian Government Number 9 of 2018 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Government Procurement of Goods/Services through Providers, related to contract control: Chapter VII Number 7.10;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 480,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7. Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 13/PRT/M/2011 concerning Procedures for Road Maintenance and Surveillance;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 503,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "8. Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 07/PRT/M/2019 concerning Standards and Guidelines for the Procurement of Construction Services through Providers;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 527,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "9. Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 551,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "10. East Java Governor Regulation Number 63 of 2019 concerning Work Guidelines and Implementation of Regional Government Duties of East Java Province in 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 581,
"width": 60,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.3. Method",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 592,
"width": 395,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The research was held on case that occurred in the routine maintenance work package for Ir. Soekarno Rd - Batu (Link. 192.16K) Cs, located in Malang and Batu City, East Java Province of Indonesia in 2020. The method is a mix method (combination) between quantitative and qualitative methods with a parallel-convergent approach, namely combining (convergence) between quantitative and qualitative data to produce a comprehensive analysis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 652,
"width": 395,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "With this research method design the writer can collect 2 types of data at relatively the same time, then integrate the two data and the results of the research are confirmation of the two data collected.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 687,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The research method is also part of the audit carried out by the author, where the mechanism is by:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "35",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 93,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Confirmation and clarification of authorized officers/officials, providers and through related documents;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 117,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Joint discussions and exchanging opinions with several auditors of the the Audit Board of Indonesia (Agency of East Java) on related topics;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 141,
"width": 203,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Sampling test/physical check on the location;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 153,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "d. Laboratory test.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 165,
"width": 295,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "As for the data regarding the projects to be investigated are as follows:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 177,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Construction Work:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 189,
"width": 395,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Work Package Name : Road Routine Maintenance for Ir. Soekarno Rd - Batu (Link.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 201,
"width": 328,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "192,16K) Cs. Type of Works : Patching of the road at certain spots Job Location : Malang and Batu City, East Java, Indonesia Execution Time : 210 calendar days (16 April to 17 October 2019) Maintenance Period : 90 calendar days (until 16 January 2020) Physical Progress : 100% (according to the Supervision Result Report)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 283,
"width": 119,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Result and Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 295,
"width": 415,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "During the process, confirmation and clarification of the road maintenance project management, namely the authorized officers/officials and service providers (Contractors and Supervision Consultants) are carried out. Likewise, the analysis will be carried out on the sampling results at the location and also the laboratory test results, before being used as a discussion in this study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 348,
"width": 161,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3.1. Confirmation and Clarification",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 360,
"width": 377,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The following information can be gathered from the confirmation and clarification results:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 372,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a) Head of Technical Implementation Unit Office of Road and Bridge Maintenance in Malang, as the Proxy of Budget User:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 396,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- expressing his dissatisfaction with the work of the Provider (Contractor) because the physical quality of the patching is not good, many roads are potholed and damaged;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 420,
"width": 383,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- his dissatisfaction was also due to reports of public complaints who complained about the results of road maintenance (patching asphalt hotmix AC-WC) with lots of holes and damage, and there were even minor accidents of motorized two-wheeled road users;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 455,
"width": 383,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Due to the slow response from the Commitment-Making Officer to immediately handle this matter, he unilaterally took several samples of the AC-WC layer by means of a core drill test and tested them in the laboratory to determine their quality through the extraction test. This was done due to disappointment with the Commitment-Making Officer which still maintained the inconclusive results of the asphalt extraction test by the Provider (Contractor);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 527,
"width": 383,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- by knowing the results of the asphalt content test in the mixture (extraction) which indicated that the quality of the asphalt did not meet the requirements, Proxy of Budget User took the initiative to report this to the Head of the Public Works Department of Highways and asked the Inspectorate of East Java Province as Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus to conduct an inspection;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 586,
"width": 141,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b) Commitment-Making Officer:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 598,
"width": 383,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- states that the asphalt extraction test carried out by the Contractor has been carried out during the implementation, namely loose samples taken behind the finisher during the laying out and samples taken from AMP during the work implementation period;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 634,
"width": 383,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- stated that at the time of the Provisional Hand Over (PHO) she did not participate in overseeing the work location testing, but delegated it to the PHO Team and the result was that the patching work by the Contractor had been completed and was 100% acceptable;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 669,
"width": 383,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- regarding the results of the asphalt extraction test conducted by Proxy of Budget User, she admits didn’t know anything and didn’t take responsibility for the results because according to her the test can only be done during the process of carrying out the work, not after the work is finished, on the grounds that the asphalt has gone through a period",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "36",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 93,
"width": 369,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "of formation and aging (aging), and there is no technical basis to use the extraction test results as justification;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 117,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c) The Contractor:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 129,
"width": 383,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- declare that they have carried out the duties and responsibilities in accordance with the agreed contract, including the technical requirements of the AC-WC specifications carried out in the work location;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 165,
"width": 383,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- because they felt they had carried out a quality test, namely the asphalt level extraction test in the laboratory during the implementation of the AC-WC laying with results that met the requirements, they questioned what else should be improved on the AC-WC layer they were working on;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 212,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "d) The Supervision Consultant:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 224,
"width": 383,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- did not expect that the condition of the maintenance work in the form of AC-WC coating by the Contractor was not good, even though during the quality testing (extraction of asphalt content) the performance of the work showed that the results were in accordance with the specifications required in the Contract and the implementation of the work in the work location was sufficient in accordance with the method that is enforced.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 290,
"width": 153,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3.2. Documents Related Checking",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 301,
"width": 265,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "As for the results of documents checking, there are known that:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 313,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Referring to the provisions/clauses of the Contract, the reference standards used are:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 325,
"width": 334,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- The value of the AC-WC mixture asphalt content: 6.00%, tolerance: ± 3.00%;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 337,
"width": 278,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- AC-WC mixture density value : 2.303 g/cm3, tolerance: 98.00%.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 349,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. In the Contract clauses on the Special Conditions of Contract, related to the repair of quality defects in Number 75.4 Letter W, there are explained that:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 373,
"width": 382,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1) The provider must guarantee all the results of the work he has performed, by replacing or repairing the loss or damage as referred to in the General Conditions of Contract;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 396,
"width": 383,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2) Delay in handling of the response time as stipulated in the Special Conditions of Contract, Road Performance Indicators, and Response Time Limits, must be interpreted as negligence/default from the Provider so that the handling can be taken over by Commitment-Making Officer or other parties determined by Commitment-Making Officer. All handling costs must be borne by the Provider;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 456,
"width": 383,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3) If the Provider is not willing to pay such fees, the reimbursement is made by disbursing the Maintenance Guarantee by terminating the Contract and the relevant Provider is included in the Black List;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 492,
"width": 383,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4) Referring to General Conditions of Contract, the Provider must allow Commitment- Making Officer or other parties assigned to either carry out routine maintenance or repairs for damage other than those referred to in General Conditions of Contract. The provision of the Provider as above does not relieve the Provider from the responsibility of the guarantee as stated in Point 1.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 551,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. In the Special Conditions of Contract clauses, in relation to matters relating to public dissatisfaction/complaints, they state that:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 575,
"width": 383,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Any complaints from road users/public that are submitted must be immediately verified at location by the Provider to be followed up according to the road performance indicators required in the Contract and reported to the Commitment-Making Officer or the Technical Board of Directors. For this purpose, the Provider must prepare an operator or a person in charge of recording regularly for each complaint, and further action must be submitted to the Commitment-Making Officer and the Technical Board of Directors within 7 days after the Provider receives the complaint;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 658,
"width": 383,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Against all complaints, complaints and reports from public/journalists/NGOs for the implementation of work during the Contract period whose damage is due to negligence in implementation, the settlement is the responsibility of the Provider to complete it.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 694,
"width": 395,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "d. In the Special Conditions of Contract clause, related to inspection and testing (which the auditor can also do during the post audit), it is explained that:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "37",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 93,
"width": 382,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Arrangements regarding the inspection, testing, investigation, research or evaluation of the quality or quantity of work by any party against this Contract shall be subject to the requirements, methodology, measurement limits and tolerances contained in the General Specifications, Special Specifications and Plan Drawings.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 141,
"width": 395,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e. In the Special Conditions of Contract clauses, regarding the handling/improvement of road pavement conditions within the response time limit, the details are described and explained in the Table of Road Performance Indicators for Flexible/Rigid Pavement as follows:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 183,
"top": 184,
"width": 282,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Table 1. Road Performance Indicators for Flexible/Rigid Pavement",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 197,
"width": 384,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "No. Road Performance Indicators (Pavement Conditions) Handling Response Time (Must Be) a Hole : There shall be no pits with a diameter of more than 10 cm and a depth of more than 4 cm in the road section. finished repairing within a maximum of 7 days b Cracks:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 256,
"width": 222,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "i) There shall be no cracks wider than 3 mm for asphalt / flexible",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 266,
"width": 386,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "surfaces. ii) There shall be no cracks wider than 5 mm for rigid pavement surfaces. iii) There shall be no greater crack area 10% for every 100 m of road length. closed within a maximum of 14 days c Subsidence: There should not be any subsidence of more than 3 cm with a surface area of more than 5% subsidence every 100 meters of the road. closed within a maximum of 7 days d Grain Release:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 344,
"width": 246,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "There shall be no part of the road surface that is subject to grain release.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 411,
"top": 340,
"width": 97,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "finish closed within 14 days",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 355,
"width": 231,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e Faulting on rigid pavement There should not be any parts of the road that experience faults",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 364,
"width": 367,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(faulting). completed within 42 days f Pumping on rigid pavement There should not be any parts of the road that experience pumping. completed within 42 days g Rocking on rigid pavement No rocking on any part of the road. completed within 42 days h Joint sealant on rigid pavement In good condition, it should not be damaged or lost in any slab joints. repaired within 28 days",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 456,
"width": 395,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "f. In the General Specifications of the Public Works Office of Highways of East Java Province, Division 6 on Asphalt Pavement, the discussion on Taking Asphalt Mixed Test Objects explains that:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 492,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- the core test object (which is taken by a drilling machine to extract the core test object) may not be used for extraction testing;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 515,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- the extraction test shall be carried out using a loose asphalt mixture specimen which is taken behind a spreader;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 539,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- asphalt mixture quality control testing (extraction) must meet the criteria and steps set out in these Specifications;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 563,
"width": 395,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "g. The publication of the Back-Up Quality document that attaches the test results of the asphalt content in the mixture (extraction) shows the test results of the AC-WC material that meet the specifications requirements. However, the identity of the laboratory that is used is not clear (there is no laboratory name, address, and accreditation);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 611,
"width": 395,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "h. The results of the asphalt level extraction test conducted by the Proxy of Budget User unilaterally as a form of dissatisfaction with the performance of the Provider (Contractor) showed that the AC-WC quality number (asphalt content and density) did not meet the required specifications.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 664,
"width": 162,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3.3. Inspection Results and Analysis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 676,
"width": 395,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Physical observation and inspection by tools of core drill tests on the work location involving several parties, that are Proxy of Budget User, Commitment-Making Officer, and the Providers (Contractor and Supervision Consultants), is carried out on road sections resulting from",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "38",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 93,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "patching. Likewise, laboratory testing (extraction) is also carried out to obtain the asphalt content value from the physical inspection.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 129,
"width": 397,
"height": 268,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Table 2. Core Drill Test Results No. Station (Right/Left/CL) Asphalt Types Location / Section Conditions 1 PAT 0 + 300 L AC-WC Pattimura Rd, Batu City - damage on the edges of the road 2 PAT 0 + 450 L AC-WC Pattimura Rd, Batu City - grained release 3 MHT 1 + 125 L AC-WC Moh. Hatta Rd, Batu City - trash in the asphalt pavement layer 4 MT 0 + 450 L AC-WC Malang - Turen - damage on the edges of the road 5 MT 1 + 700 R AC-WC Malang - Turen - grained release - patching results are not good 6 MT 7 + 550 R AC-WC Malang - Turen - bleeding - Hole dia. = 95 cm, depth = 6 cm 7 MT 7 + 900 CL AC-WC Malang - Turen - The test object is destroyed when taken from the core drill machine cone 8 MT 7 + 950 CL AC-WC Malang - Turen - The test object is destroyed when taken from the core drill machine cone 9 MT 7 + 950 (II) CL AC-WC Malang - Turen - 2nd trial at the same point was successful (not broken) 10 MT 8 + 050 R AC-WC Malang - Turen - damage on the edges of the road 11 KRL 4 + 900 Ki AC-WC Karanglo, Malang City - damage on the edges of the road 12 KRL 5 + 750 AC-WC Karanglo, Malang City - damage on the edges of the road 13 KRL 7 + 600 Ka AC-WC Karanglo, Malang City - damage on the edges of the road 14 SOE 4 + 625 L AC-WC Ir. Soekarno Rd, Batu City - damage on the edges of the road",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 144,
"top": 587,
"width": 359,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Figure 4 . Copy of Documents on the Results of the Asphalt Content Test (Extraction)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 611,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The results of the analysis based on the inspection and physical observation on the work location and laboratory test results of asphalt content in the mixture (extraction) are:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 635,
"width": 395,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- The 14 specimens from the core drill results, there were 2 specimens that were damaged (wrecked/broken), that are MT 7+900 and MT 7+950 (first tests). The other 12 specimens were then taken to the laboratory for the extraction and density tests;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 671,
"width": 395,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- The 12 test specimens that have been tested for density, there is only 1 that is PAT 0+300 L, where the value of the Degree of Density is 97.84% (< 98.00%), where the value is 0.16% lower than the required tolerance;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "39",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 93,
"width": 395,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- The 12 test specimens that have been tested for extraction, all test objects have a value under the tolerance of 0.3% of the Job Mix Formula (JMF) where the lowest value is 5.03% and the highest is 5.15%. If the minimum allowable value is: 6% - (6% x 3%) = 5.82%, then the average value of asphalt content for the 12 specimens is 5.09% or 15.24% lower than the tolerance required;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 159,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3.4. Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 171,
"width": 353,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "From the results of the analysis above, there are some important points to be discuss:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 182,
"width": 395,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. In general, from the results of visual observations when conducting core drill checks and tests, it can be seen that the conditions of the results of routine maintenance work in the form of AC-WC patching carried out by the Contractor are not as expected/not good, where the conditions seen in the work location include:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 230,
"width": 87,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Holes (potholes);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 242,
"width": 149,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Subsidence (grade depressions);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 254,
"width": 59,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Ravelling;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 266,
"width": 57,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Cracking;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 277,
"width": 395,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Supported by observation notes on the work location conditions (refers to Point 1), it further strengthens the Auditors/team’s justification for conducting laboratory tests on test objects taken from the results of the core drill, that is the extraction test to determine the content and density of asphalt in the mixture. This test is carried out by the auditor to determine the range of similarities/predictions to the quality of the AC-WC patching work which is spread over and applied during the implementation of the work, which can be used as a reference for opinion/judgment in inspection. The selected laboratory is an independent laboratory owned by the East Java Provincial Government which has been accredited nationally, that is the Technical Implementation Unit Office of Construction Testing Laboratory which is located in Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 396,
"width": 395,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. The test results of the asphalt content in the mixture (extraction) in the laboratory of the test objects taken from the results of the core drill test in the work location shown in Figure 4 have proven that the quality of work done by the Contractor does not meet the required technical specifications, in where the density value and especially the asphalt content in mixture is much lower than the allowable tolerance (according to the analysis results), which is 15.24% lower. Under these conditions, the auditors can assume that the similarity range of AC-WC quality is still too far from the required specifications.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 491,
"width": 76,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Conclusions",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 503,
"width": 337,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that: In terms of Project Management:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 527,
"width": 415,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. The Commitment-Making Officer as a manager in this project is slightly weak in controlling the implementation of work in the work location, which the work should be run according to the Contract (that has been agreed), among the weaknesses, there are:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 562,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Lack in monitoring the work of the Contractor;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 574,
"width": 402,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Not being thorough in assessing the correctness of the information on the results of the asphalt content test (extraction) carried out by the Contractor, where the independence of the laboratory test is doubtful;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 610,
"width": 402,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Lack of controlling the duties and responsibilities of the Supervision Consultant which is mandatory to supervise on the work location;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 634,
"width": 402,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "d. Lack in coordination with the Supervision Consultant, it is proven that the inaccuracies of the Physical Progress Report presented by the Supervision Consultant are not in accordance with the actual conditions;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 669,
"width": 415,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. The Contractor was negligent in carrying out his responsibilities to complete and produce work products in accordance with the Contract. Poor work results indicate unsatisfactory performance/not as expected, so that he should be held accountable for his negligence;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 93,
"width": 415,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. The Supervision Consultant is negligent in its function and role to carefully supervise all implementation. They should have assisted the role of the Commitmet-Making Officer in terms of comprehensive supervision of every detail of the stages of construction work, including the implementation of quality control of work, so that any findings of quality mismatch should be their responsibility.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 153,
"width": 130,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In terms of Post Audit Results:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 165,
"width": 415,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. The urgency of auditing by auditors with complaints from the public regarding services provided by the Government is a major consideration for auditors as trusted advisors to increase value in achieving regional development goals and services to the public;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 201,
"width": 415,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. The auditor has the right to test the object of the inspection and provide an assessment of the results of the test he carried out using professional judgment and audit steps that meet the requirements, including conducting a physical observation in the work location and testing the asphalt content in the mixture (extraction) during the post audit period",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 248,
"width": 415,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. The results of the physical inspection in the work location conducted by the auditors, which are discussed in the results of the sampling test and the discussion in Sub-Chapter 3.3 indicate poor quality of patching work;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 284,
"width": 415,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. The test results of the asphalt content in the AC-WC mixture (extraction) by the auditor by appointing an independent and certified laboratory can be used as a reference for opinion/ judgment in the inspection, that is to determine the similarity/prediction range of the quality of the AC-WC patching work that is spread and applied. during the implementation of the work. The results show a range of density quality differences and in particular the content of mixed asphalt which is far from the tolerances allowed and from the required specifications;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 355,
"width": 415,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Although the extraction test for asphalt content during the post audit (point 4) cannot be used as justification for the inspection due to aging factors and the conditions of asphalt formation, these results can provide direction for the auditor to provide an opinion on the results that are far from the permitted tolerance, especially by considering at poor physical results. The auditor's assumption regarding the condition is that it is probable that it could occur because:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 414,
"width": 287,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- improper implementation method (stages not completely passed);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 426,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- improper use of tools (or poor condition of tools);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 438,
"width": 402,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- the temperature of the mixed asphalt material (AC-WC) is not right (when spreading or compaction);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 462,
"width": 415,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. By combining the results of physical observation/inspection in the work location with laboratory tests, the auditor can integrate the two data and produce a comprehensive and confirmable analysis as part of the results of the audit;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 498,
"width": 415,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7. The evaluated results of the Contractor's work clearly show the quality of work that does not meet the requirements and has a major risk impact on the safety of the road users. Coupled with the testing of the asphalt content (extraction) by the Contractor in a laboratory whose identity and independence were not clear, it resulted in a judgment from the auditor that the test could not be trusted;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 557,
"width": 415,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "8. The auditor can provide input recommendations on management as well as the sanctions imposed on the Contractor as a follow-up to the results of the audit.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 593,
"width": 270,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The suggestions that can be given as a result of this research are: In terms of Project Management:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 617,
"width": 415,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The Head of Technical Implementation Unit Office of Road and Bridge Maintenance in Malang, as the Proxy of Budget User and as the management leader of this project can conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation of the work, and instruct the Commitment-Making Officer to:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 652,
"width": 415,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. In the future, it is obligatory to exercise full control over every work in the work location and must refer to the applicable standard provisions and the clauses required in the Contract;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 676,
"width": 386,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Be more careful in assessing the accuracy of the information presented by the Contractor;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 688,
"width": 415,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Be more careful in monitoring the Physical Progress Report presented by the Supervision Consultant;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 93,
"width": 415,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "d. Warn/give a written warning to the Contractor for their negligence in carrying out their duties and responsibilities which results in work products that do not comply with the required specifications and result in poor quality of work;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 129,
"width": 415,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e. Requesting the Contractor to dismantle and repair the results of their work at all points/areas of the AC-WC layer that have been inspected/tested by the auditor as well as at other AC-WC points/areas that show similar visual conditions. This is a consequence for the Contractor to guarantee all the results of the work they have performed, by carrying out replacement or repair of loss or damage as intended General and Special Conditions of Contract;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 189,
"width": 415,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "f. Warn/give a written warning to the Supervision Consultant who is negligent in the supervision activities in the work location, especially in controlling the quality of work;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 212,
"width": 130,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In terms of Post Audit Results:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 224,
"width": 415,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. The auditors must remain convinced that the role of the Government's Internal Supervisory Apparatus in guarding the accountability of national development is very important to maintain the performance of services provided by the Government;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 260,
"width": 415,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Auditors should not hesitate to held the asphalt content test in the mixture (extraction) at the time of the post audit, as long as the mechanism and judgment are taken through professional judgment and based on applicable provisions and standards;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 296,
"width": 415,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. The auditor must remain convinced that the contribution of the audit results is basically to ensure the implementation of an effective and efficient Regional Government in accordance with the provisions of the prevailing laws and regulations, as well as to accommodate the expectations of the public to obtain good services from the Government.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 355,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Acknowledgements",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 366,
"width": 415,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This study was supported by The Inspectorate of East Java Province and other related parties (offices, work units, officers, officials, etc.). The author would like to thank to the following people who helped facilitate information, confirmation, and validation until the completion of this study:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 402,
"width": 256,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Inspector/Head of The Inspectorate of East Java Province;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 414,
"width": 385,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Head of The Division of Economy and Development, Inspectorate of East Java Province;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 426,
"width": 415,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Auditors in The Inspectorate of East Java Province and The Audit Board of Indonesia (Agency of East Java);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 450,
"width": 252,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Public Works Office of Highways of East Java Province;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 461,
"width": 335,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. The Providers (Contractor and Supervision Consultant) related to the project.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 485,
"width": 51,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "References",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 511,
"width": 411,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "[1] M. M. Alcaraz, A. m. Moctezuma and L. Garcia, \"Sustainable Road Maintenance Planning in Developing Countries Based on Pavement Management Systems: Case Study in Baja California, México,\" sustainability, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 12-36, 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 550,
"width": 411,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "[2] T. C. Keng and A. R. Hamzah, \"Study of Quality Management in Construction Projects,\" Chinese Business Review, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 542-552, 2011.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 576,
"width": 411,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "[3] Andriyani, M. Nashir T and N. Angriany, \"Karakteristik Campuran Laston Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course,\" Karajata Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 63-72, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 603,
"width": 412,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "[4] M. T. L. Putra, \"Pengaruh Kapur Sebagai Filler Pada Karakteristik Campuran Aspal Beton (AC-WC),\" Jurnal Teknik Sipil 2021 Fakultas teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, pp. 1-8, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 641,
"width": 411,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "[5] J. Schepers, T. Falk, K. d. Ruyter, A. d. Jong and M. Hammerschmidt, \"Principles and Principals: Do Customer Stewardship and Agency Control Compete or Complement When Shaping Frontline Employee Behavior?,\" Journal of Marketing, vol. 76, pp. 1-20, 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 680,
"width": 411,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "[6] E. Goutama and I. Yudianto, \"The Role of Government Internal Control Systems and Utilization of Information Technology in Quality Reports,\" Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 47-63, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 53,
"width": 126,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 31-42, March 2021 e-ISSN: 2775-5592",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 735,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 95,
"width": 412,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "[7] H. Mahmudah and B. R. LS, \"Keefektifan Audit Internal Pemerintah Daerah,\" Jurnal Akuntansi, vol. 20, no. 01, pp. 33-51, 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 121,
"width": 411,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "[8] A. Waluyo, \"Skeptisme Profesional Auditor Dalam Mendeteksi Kecurangan,\" Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, vol. Vol. 1, no. No. 1, pp. 18-45, 2008.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 148,
"width": 412,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "[9] Erlina and I. Muda, \"Determinants of The Implementation of Risk-Based Internal Auditing in Regencies/Cities in North Sumatera Province,\" International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), vol. 9, no. 5, p. 1360–1372, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 187,
"width": 411,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "[10] Soehartono, Teknologi Aspal dan Penggunaannya dalam Konstruksi Perkerasan Jalan, Jakarta: Yayasan Badan Penerbit Pekerjaan Umum P.T. Mediatama Saptakarya, 2010.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
ff35b71c-50aa-7a57-804d-e111da56a915 | https://journal.universitasbumigora.ac.id/index.php/matrik/article/download/2551/1262 | [
{
"left": 34,
"top": 62,
"width": 318,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 74,
"width": 324,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 22, No. 2, Maret 2023, pp. 195 ∼ 206 ISSN: 2476-9843, accredited by Kemenristekdikti, Decree No: 200/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 522,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: 10.30812/matrik.v22i2.2551 r 195",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 140,
"width": 526,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multi-Level Pooling Model for Fingerprint-Based Gender Classification",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 170,
"width": 140,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sri Suwarno 1 , Erick Kurniawan 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 181,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 192,
"width": 142,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Universiti Teknikal, Melaka, Malaysia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 233,
"width": 49,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Article Info",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 251,
"width": 62,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Article history:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 268,
"width": 117,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Received December 27, 2022 Revised February 07, 2023 Accepted February 27, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 318,
"width": 43,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 335,
"width": 87,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Features Extraction Fingerprint Gender Classification K-Nearest Neighbor Pooling Model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 234,
"width": 45,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 252,
"width": 364,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "It has been widely reported that CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) has shown satisfactory results in classifying images. The strength of CNN lies in the type and the number of layers that construct it. However, the most apparent drawbacks of CNN are the requirement for a large labeled dataset and its lengthy training time. Although datasets are available, labeling that data is a significant problem. This work mimics the CNN model but only utilizes its pooling layers. The novelty of this model is removing convolution layers and directly processing fingerprint images using pooling layers. Three pooling layer models, namely maximum pooling, average pooling, and minimum pooling, are used to generate fingerprint features to classify their owner gender. These pooling layers are arranged consecutively up to eight levels. Removing convolution layers makes the process straightforward, and the computation is much faster. This study utilized 200 fingerprint datasets from the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), with male and female fingerprints of 100 samples each. The extracted features were then classified using K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbors) algorithm. The proposed method resulted in an accuracy of 61% to 71.5% or an average of 66.25%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 412,
"width": 210,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright c 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 479,
"width": 96,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Corresponding Author:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 496,
"width": 229,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sri Suwarno, +628122714719, Information Technology Faculty, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 581,
"width": 527,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "How to Cite:S. Suwarno, ”Multi Level Pooling Model for Fingerprint-Based Gender Classification”, MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer , vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 195-206, Mar. 2023. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/cc-by-sa/4.0/ )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 741,
"width": 318,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal homepage: https://journal.universitasbumigora.ac.id/index.php/matrik",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "196 r",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 100,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN: 2476-9843",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 135,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 151,
"width": 528,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "One of the problems encountered in fingerprint classification is the selection of features. Fingerprints are composed of dark- colored grooves, called ridges, and these grooves are parallel to light-colored grooves, called valleys. Ridges and valleys form curves that seem to surround the surface of fingerprints. In some fingerprint regions, ridges and valleys form a unique pattern called minutiae. The minutiae feature is relatively easy to be recognized manually, but it is more complicated when processed digitally. Some preprocesses, such as noise removal, background separation, and thinning, are required before the formation of minutiae-based features. The features generated based on minutiae are called spatial-based features [ 1 ]. Some studies utilize minutiae to generate features, as conducted by Terhrst et al. [ 2 ] and Gnanasivam and Vijayarajan [ 1 ].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 235,
"width": 528,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Many attempts have been made to generate a fingerprint feature based on frequency rather than spatial. Frequency-based methods rely solely on pixel value computation without considering their location. Methods that are widely carried out in the formation of frequency-based features are wavelet transformation and CNN (Convolutional Neural Network). Both methods aim to reduce the image size without losing too much information, but they use different approaches. In wavelet transformation, pixel values are mathematically transformed into components, while CNN utilizes convolve processes using some convolution layers to make feature maps.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 308,
"width": 528,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Last five years, many papers reported the success of CNN in processing some tasks, especially in classifying images. For example, to classify images related to medical images [ 3 ], such as lung cancer [ 4 ], colon cancer, Covid-19 [ 5 , 6 ], and Alzheimers disease [ 7 ]. Other uses are classifying fruits [ 8 ], plant diseases [ 9 , 10 ], network attacks [ 11 ], gender [ 12 ], emotional expressions [ 13 ], and for automatic door access [ 14 ].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 356,
"width": 528,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "After CNN showed satisfactory performance, many researchers turned to using CNN to classify, identify, verify, and au- thenticate fingerprints. For example, Miranda et al. [ 15 ] classify fingerprints by exploiting Residual Network-50 (ResNet-50) and combining it with Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). They reported that using CLAHE, their proposed model, can perform an accuracy of up to 95,05%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 405,
"width": 527,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aritonang et al. [ 6 ] used CNN for fingerprint identification. They grouped fingerprints resulting from RFID attendance machines using CNN to minimize fake data. Based on his model, they reported that it could achieve an accuracy of 95.64%. Meanwhile, Boucherit et al. [ 16 ] used Merge CNN to increase the validity of fingerprint recognition. They combine multiple identical CNNs to process a different set of fingerprint images. Using six different quality image sets, the model can achieve an accuracy of up to 99.48%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 465,
"width": 528,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hariyanto et al. [ 17 ] used CNN to detect fingerprint authenticity, whether it is a live or fake fingerprint. They calculated the distance of the fingerprint ridge using the Euclidean distance formula and saved it as a reference. They reported that the method could reach up to 99.34% accuracy.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 502,
"width": 527,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Likewise, Lin and Kumar [ 18 ] used CNN to compare the matching accuracy between fingerprints taken on a contactless basis with those contact-based. Firstly, they trained multi-Siamese CNN using a ridge map and a specific ridge map region. Then, fingerprint representation is generated based on the distance-aware loss function. They reported that the model performed a better result compared to other models.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 551,
"width": 528,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "All of these papers reported that CNN shows promising performance in processing fingerprints. However, most proposed meth- ods involved convolution layers that need much computation. This study aims to bypass convolution layers and directly implement polling layers to fingerprint images.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 607,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. RESEARCH METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 623,
"width": 136,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.1. Typical CNN Architecture",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 638,
"width": 527,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 1 illustrates a typical architecture of CNN. Input data is convolved using a convolution layer consisting of some filters or kernels to extract the features of a small part of the input data. The output of the convolution layer is then filtered by ReLu (Rectified Linear Unit) activation function. The ReLu function passes all positive values but converts to zeros all negative values. This function is practically not required for image data because all pixel values are positive. The bigger the input data dimension and the more kernels are implemented, the longer the convolve process.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 699,
"width": 528,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "After being filtered by the ReLu function, the output is forwarded to the pooling layer. These three consecutive steps can be repeated many times depending on the purpose of the design. At the end of the layers, the fully connected layer is applied. This layer(s) aims to classify or determine the input data based on the trained data. This layer can be composed of more than one.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 736,
"width": 527,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study mimics one of the steps in CNN architecture, namely pooling, as shown in a blue colored box in Figure 1 . This research uses a quantitative approach. The fingerprint features are generated based on polling layers outputs. To increase the unique-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 778,
"width": 293,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Managemen,Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 789,
"width": 154,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 22, No. 2, Maret 2023: 195 – 206",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 291,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Managemen,Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 100,
"width": 36,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "r 197",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 135,
"width": 527,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ness of features, three polling layers, namely max-pooling, average-pooling, and min-pooling, are arranged sequentially. The method is applied to the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) dataset. The computation would be simpler and quicker than CNN because the pooling process only finds the biggest, the smallest, and the average values of the matrix elements.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 278,
"width": 145,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 1. Typical CNN Architecture",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 318,
"width": 86,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2. Pooling design",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 338,
"width": 528,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In CNN architecture, the primary purpose of the pooling layer is to reduce the matrix size produced by the convolutional layer in front of it. The pooling layer works the same as convolutional layers, which run a filter on matrix elements in the horizontal and vertical directions with selectable steps. However, unlike CNN, the pooling layer implements a function to the matrices, while the convolution layer implements a convolutional process.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 391,
"width": 527,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In general, pooling layers use a 22 filter and apply a function to the filter-sized matrix. Figure 2 shows a typical pooling process. The left side of the figure shows the original matrix, and the right side part shows the result matrix. Element P1 is resulted from matrix [x1, x2, x5, x6], P2 is resulted from matrix [x3, x4, x7, x8], P3 is resulted from matrix [x9, x10, x13, x14], and P4 is resulted from matrix [x11, x12, x15, x16].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 628,
"width": 291,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 2. Typical Pooling Process, (a) Original Matrix, (b) Result Matrix",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 671,
"width": 528,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "There are three function options in pooling layers: max-pooling, average-pooling, and min-pooling. Mathematically, max- pooling looks for the largest element value on the matrix, average pooling calculates the average of the matrix elements, and min- pooling looks for the smallest element value on the matrix.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 712,
"width": 528,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study uses fingerprint images in grayscale format. It means that the method works only on one channel. For grayscale images, max-pooling results in an image that accentuates bright-intensity pixels, while min-pooling is the opposite. In average pooling, sharp corners or edges will be smoothed. In this study, all three functions were applied sequentially, as presented in Figure 3 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 383,
"top": 778,
"width": 178,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multi-Level Pooling Model . . . (Sri Suwarno)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "198 r",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 100,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN: 2476-9843",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 341,
"width": 156,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 3. The Proposed Pooling Model",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 368,
"width": 528,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 3 shows that each fingerprint is processed with pooling filters up to eight levels, consisting of max-pooling, average- pooling, and min-pooling. These consecutive processes are repeated to produce the proper size of the feature. The feature size should be small enough but still, preserve essential information. The larger the feature size would increase the complexities of classification, while the smaller feature size would overfit the classification. The primary purpose of this repeated pooling process was to find the appropriate matrix size suitable for the K-NN process.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 428,
"width": 528,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study used a filter size of 22. If the size of the fingerprint image is nn, then the image size of level t can be calculated by Equation 1 . The image size specifies the matrix size to be processed in the subsequent step. The pooling process decreases the matrix size gradually.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 469,
"width": 293,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A t = n 2 t × n 2 t (1)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 510,
"width": 208,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Where A is the image size and t is the pooling level.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 541,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.3. Experiment Design",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 556,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Some algorithms can be used to classify objects; however, this study used K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbors). This algorithm is chosen because it is simple and does not require training. Moreover, the K-NN algorithm does not depend on big sample data.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 580,
"width": 528,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Theoretically, the K-NN algorithm computes the distance between two values, in the context of this study, two feature vectors. A new value is classified based on its distance (k) relative to predefined values. The parameter k was chosen at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50. This work used the Euclidean distance formula, as shown in Equation ( 1 ), to compute the distance between two vectors.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 636,
"width": 326,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dist ( p, q ) = q Σ n i =1 ( q i − p i ) 2 (2)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 676,
"width": 301,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Where p and q are points in Euclidean space, and n is the number of points.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 688,
"width": 528,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Because in this work, the points to be calculated are feature vector elements, the size of the vector would affect the number of distance calculations. The original images’ size is 512512, and when converted into a vector, the size is too big to be classified by K-NN. So the size is reduced by pooling them eight times. The output size of each pooling level is shown in Table 1 . It shows that the output of pooling level 1, level 2, and level 3 is 65,536, 16,384, and 4,096, respectively. These output sizes are still too large. Meanwhile, the vector size of the output of pooling levels 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 is moderate enough to be input to the K-NN algorithm. However, theoretically, when the dimension of features is too small, much important information is lost.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 778,
"width": 293,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Managemen,Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 789,
"width": 154,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 22, No. 2, Maret 2023: 195 – 206",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 527,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Managemen,Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer r 199",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 135,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1 reveals a gradual decrease in the matrix and vector sizes resulting from each pooling level. It can be seen from the table that the output size decreases a quarter from the previous level in every pooling step.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 172,
"width": 152,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1. The Matrix Size at each level",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 190,
"width": 184,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Level Pooling type Matrix size Vector size 1 Max-pooling 256 × 256 65,536 2 Average-poolong 128 × 128 16,384 3 Min-pooling 64 × 64 4,096 4 Max-pooling 32 × 32 1,024 5 Average-pooling 16 × 16 256 6 Min-pooling 8 × 8 64 7 Max-pooling 4 × 4 16 8 Average-pooling 2 × 2 4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 299,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The main goal of this work is to find a more reasonable method to generate reliable features rather than to find the finest classifier. The K-NN algorithm is employed only to compare the performance of the generated features.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 324,
"width": 528,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In this study, the dataset used was from the NIST (National Institute of Standart and Technology), as many as 200, consisting of 100 male and 100 female fingerprints. In this dataset, the image size is 512512 in grayscale format. The grayscale images are composed of pixel values ranging from 0 to 255. Values close to 0 have darker intensity compared to values close to 255.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 361,
"width": 528,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Before being classified by the K-NN algorithm, the fingerprint dataset was processed by pooling layers. By considering the size of feature vectors, only the output of five layers was used: max-pooling at level 4, average-pooling at level 5, min-pooling at level 6, max-pooling at level 7, and average-pooling at level 8. The result of these selected layers can determine the most reasonable number of levels.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 410,
"width": 527,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on Equation 1 and summarized in Table 1 , at the 4th level of pooling, the resulting matrix size is 3232, the 5th level is 1616, the 6th level is 88, the 7th level is 44, and the 8th level is 22. The matrices were then reshaped into a vector of size 1024, 256, 64, 16, and 4, respectively. The reshaped vector then functioned as a feature to be processed with the K-NN algorithm. The proposed method was processed using Image Processing and Deep Learning Toolboxes of MATLAB Version R2022a.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 478,
"width": 139,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. RESULT AND ANALYSIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 494,
"width": 528,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The research started by selecting fingerprint data samples from the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) dataset. These data samples have been labeled Male and Female and converted to 1 and 0, respectively. After that, pooling layers directly process the dataset without any preprocessing. The output of pooling layers is only one dimension, whereas CNN results in more than one dimension output, depending on the number of kernels used.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 563,
"width": 134,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1. The Pooling layers output",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 579,
"width": 528,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research used 200 labeled fingerprints, composed of 100 male and 100 female fingerprints in grayscale format. The largest pixel value of this format is 255, and the smallest is 0. The max-pooling layer of this level processes original fingerprint images in grayscale format, so the output values are around 255. It means that the max-pooling layer at this level detects light-colored pixels. The output of this layer is a vector of size 65,536. It is impossible to present the vector visually.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 627,
"width": 528,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The outputs of the max-pooling layer of this level are then forwarded to the average-pooling layer, which calculates the average values of these vector elements. Starting from this level, elements of vectors are floating point numbers. Next, the vectors resulting from the average pooling are inputted to min-pooling, which determines the smallest value of the vector. These consecutive processes are repeated three times and produce vectors that are getting smaller in size. The size of the vectors of each level is presented in Table 1 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 708,
"width": 99,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2. The KNN process",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 724,
"width": 528,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prior to classifying the features by K-NN, they are required to be labeled. These features utilize the label from the image from which they were generated. This research is binary classification, so the label is 1 for males and 0 for females. After that, male features and female features are combined to make data input to the K-NN algorithm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 383,
"top": 778,
"width": 178,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multi-Level Pooling Model . . . (Sri Suwarno)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "200 r",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 100,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN: 2476-9843",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 135,
"width": 528,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Due to the feature dimensionality, this research only chooses features of sizes 1024, 256, 64, 16, and 4. The K-NN algorithm does not need training. It requires only calculating the distance between the features of new and existing data. The result of the experiments is presented in Table 2 , Table 3 , Table 4 , Table 5 , and Table 6 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 191,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.3. The performance",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 206,
"width": 527,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The accuracy of the proposed method was calculated based on Equation 3 , and the confusion matrix is shown in Figure 4 . In binary classification, the confusion matrix consists of four values, namely TP (True Positive), FP (False Positive), FN (False Negative), and TN (True Negative). These values are calculated based on the percentage of prediction to the real fingerprint class.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 242,
"width": 528,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In this confusion matrix, TP is the number of male fingerprints perfectly predicted as male, and TN is the number of female fingerprints indicated as female. Meanwhile, FP is the number of male fingerprints wrongly predicted as female, and FN is the number of female fingerprints indicated as male.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 430,
"width": 110,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 4. Confusion Matrix",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 248,
"top": 467,
"width": 314,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T P + T N T P + F P + F N + T N (3)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 510,
"width": 528,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "All the computation results are presented as tables. Table 2 , Table 3 , Table 4 , Table 5 , and Table 6 shows the confusion matrix elements with features dimension of 32 × 32, 16 × 16, 8 × 8, 4 × 4, and 2 × 2, respectively. In these tables, the k value is varied from 5 to 50 with a step of 5 to compare the result of K-NN classification using the same feature size. These tables are presented as charts in Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , and Figure 9 , which emphasize the result comparison. Figure 5 presents the confusion matrix values when the feature size is 1024, converted from a 1616 matrix. What can be clearly seen in Figure 6 is the variability of the prediction for male or female fingerprints. For a k value of more than 20, the prediction for female fingerprints is higher than for male fingerprints. On the contrary, for a k-size less than 20, the prediction for male and female fingerprints is unstable. Overall, the correct prediction for male fingerprints (TP) tends to be lower than for female fingerprints (TN).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 617,
"width": 317,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2. Confusion Matrix Elements of K-NN with input dimension of 32 × 32",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 636,
"width": 76,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "k TP FP FN",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 636,
"width": 145,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TN Accuracy (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 5 64 36 32 68 65 10 76 24 38 62 69 15 60 40",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 676,
"width": 137,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "32 68 64 20 63 37 37 63 63 25 60 40 25 75 67.5 30 60 40 29 71 65.5 35 62 38 21 79 70.5 40 64 36 27 73 68.5 45 61 39",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 736,
"width": 137,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "24 76 68.5 50 65 35",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 746,
"width": 68,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22 78 71.5",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 778,
"width": 293,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Managemen,Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer, Vol. 22, No. 2, Maret 2023: 195 – 206",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 291,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Managemen,Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 100,
"width": 36,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "r 201",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 313,
"width": 286,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 5. Chart of Confusion Matrix Values for 32 × 32 Feature Matrix",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 410,
"width": 313,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 3. Confusion Matrix Elements of KNN with input dimension of 16 × 16",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 429,
"width": 145,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "k TP FP FN TN Accuracy (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 5 64 36 27 33 68.5 10 66 34 35 65 65.5 15 62 38 23 77 69.5",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 479,
"width": 134,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20 65 35 27 73 69 25 60 40 18 82 71 30 61 39 25 75 68",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 509,
"width": 101,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "35 59 41 21 79",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 509,
"width": 8,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "69",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 519,
"width": 137,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "40 58 42 21 79 68.5 45 50 50 20 80",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 529,
"width": 8,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "65",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 539,
"width": 137,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "50 56 44 23 77 66.5",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 610,
"width": 527,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The confusion matrix values for a feature size of 256 are presented in Figure 6 . This chart shows the steady trend of the correct predictions for a k-size greater than 10. Moreover, correct predictions for female fingerprints are higher than for male fingerprints for a k value higher than 10. As an effect, the false prediction for the female fingerprint is low.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 661,
"width": 527,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "It is interesting to look closely at Table 4 and Figure 7 that female fingerprint prediction (TN) is higher than male fingerprint prediction (TP) in all k values. The male fingerprint and female fingerprints are separated linearly without overlapping. As an effect, the accuracy also has consistent trends. Besides that, it exhibits that the greater the k-size, the better the female fingerprint prediction. However, the correct prediction of male fingerprints needs to be higher. The feature vector of size 88 looks to give the best outcome.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 724,
"width": 528,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The trend in Figure 8 shows that the correct prediction is steady for a k value greater than 10. The trend is similar to that of Figure 6 . The feature matrix of size 1616 demonstrated a similar result as size 44. Both of the features could separate linearly male fingerprints and female fingerprints. However, the correct prediction for the male fingerprint is lower than for the female prediction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 383,
"top": 778,
"width": 178,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multi-Level Pooling Model . . . (Sri Suwarno)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "202 r",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 100,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN: 2476-9843",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 173,
"top": 332,
"width": 249,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 6. of Confusion Matrix Values for 1616 Feature Matrix",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 373,
"width": 319,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 4. Confusion Matrix Elements of KNN with the input of dimension 8 × 8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 392,
"width": 145,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "k TP FP FN TN Accuracy (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 5 55 45 27 73 64 10 57 43 32 69 62.5 15 47 53 20 80 63.5 20 53 47 23 77",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 442,
"width": 134,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "65 25 42 58 20 80",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 452,
"width": 8,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "61",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 462,
"width": 137,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "30 47 53 24 76 61.5 35 44 56 18 82",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 472,
"width": 134,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "63 40 45 55 19 81",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 482,
"width": 8,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "63",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 492,
"width": 134,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "45 42 58 14 86 64 50 44 56 14 86 65",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 743,
"width": 276,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 7. Chart of Confusion Matrix Values for 8 × 8 Feature Matrix",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 778,
"width": 293,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Managemen,Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer, Vol. 22, No. 2, Maret 2023: 195 – 206",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 527,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Managemen,Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer r 203",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 133,
"width": 319,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 5. Confusion Matrix Elements of KNN with the input of dimension 4 × 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 151,
"width": 143,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "k TP FP FN TN Accuracy (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 5 62 38 30 70",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 172,
"width": 134,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "66 10 69 31 37 63",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 182,
"width": 8,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "66",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 192,
"width": 137,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 61 39 26 74 67.5 20 60 40 29 71 65.5 25 53 47 19 81 67",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 221,
"width": 137,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "30 56 44 20 80 68 35 52 48 17 83 67.5 40 58 42 21 79 68.5 45 54 46 20 80 67 50 56 44 20 80 68",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 522,
"width": 276,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 8. Chart of Confusion Matrix Values for 4 × 4 Feature Matrix",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 558,
"width": 319,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 6. Confusion Matrix Elements of KNN with the input of dimension 2 × 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 576,
"width": 76,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "k TP FP FN",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 576,
"width": 145,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TN Accuracy (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 5 60 40 36 64 62 10 67 33 37 63 65 15 58 42 33 67 62.5 20 66 34 35 65 65.5 25 63 37 27 73 68 30 61 39 31 69 65 35 54 46 28 72 63 40 61 39",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 666,
"width": 137,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "26 74 67.5 45 56 44 24 76 66 50 57",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 686,
"width": 92,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "41 28 72 65.5",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 712,
"width": 528,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Compared to other charts in this experiment, the graph in Figure 9 and Figure 5 has more variability for a k value of less than 20. However, the trend shows a consistent prediction value for a k value of more than 20. Another finding of this chart is that the feature size of 2 × 2 could not give a more acceptable result. Theoretically, the 2 × 2 matrix is too low compared to the original size. It means that much information is lost in the pooling process.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 383,
"top": 778,
"width": 178,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multi-Level Pooling Model . . . (Sri Suwarno)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "204 r",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 100,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN: 2476-9843",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 135,
"width": 528,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "After examining all the experimental findings, the proposed method showed inferior results compared to the CNN model. For example, research on fingerprints in [ 15 , 19 ] and [ 20 ] showed accuracy up to 95.05%, 96.64%, and 97.98%, respectively. Meanwhile, [ 21 , 4 , 8 , 9 ] and [ 10 ] give accuracies above 95% for general object classification. Meanwhile, the proposed method can only achieve up to 71.5% accuracy. However, compared to CNN, the method simplifies the procedure by avoiding convolution computation and the ReLu function. As a result, the computation is much faster.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 430,
"width": 276,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 9. Chart of Confusion Matrix Values for 2 × 2 Feature Matrix",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 467,
"width": 92,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 483,
"width": 528,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The empirical findings of this study provide a new viewpoint on the appropriate feature size for the input of the KNN algorithm. The most recognized conclusion from this model is that the pooling method could be implemented directly on the input data and that the execution time was fast. These results indicate that the three pooling layer methodsmax-pooling, average-pooling, and min- poolingcould be applied in succession. The main drawback of this study is its low accuracy, which is less than 70%. However, despite its limitations, the study certainly adds to our understanding of the pooling method that could simplify the feature generation of fingerprints. The efficiency of the arrayed order of the polling levels requires further research.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 575,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. DECLARATIONS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 591,
"width": 111,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AUTHOR CONTIBUTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 603,
"width": 527,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The first author carried out the research processes and wrote the manuscript draft. The second author helped to check cited literature and improve the language as well as the wholeness of the writings.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 639,
"width": 104,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FUNDING STATEMENT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 651,
"width": 405,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research is funded by the Faculty of Information Technology, Duta Wacana Christian University.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 676,
"width": 108,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "COMPETING INTEREST",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 688,
"width": 466,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The author states that there is no conflict of interest with editors or reviewers regarding the publication of this article.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 720,
"width": 67,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 736,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1] P. Gnanasivam and R. Vijayarajan, “Gender Classification from Fingerprint Ridge Count and Fingertip Size Using Optimal Score Assignment,” Complex & Intelligent Systems , vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 343–352, 2019.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 778,
"width": 293,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Managemen,Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer, Vol. 22, No. 2, Maret 2023: 195 – 206",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 527,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Managemen,Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer r 205",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 135,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2] T. Philipp, D. Naser, B. Andreas, and K. Arjan, “Minutiae-Based Gender Estimation for Full and Partial Fingerprints of Arbitrary Size and Shape,” in Asian Conference on Computer Vision , vol. 11361 LNCS, 2019, pp. 171–186.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 167,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3] R. B. Ali, R. Ejbali, and M. Zaied, “A Deep Convolutional Neural Wavelet Network for Classification of Medical Images,” Journal of Computer Science , vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1488–1498, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 199,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4] M. Harahap, A. P. S. Pasaribu, D. R. Sinaga, and R. Sipangkar, “Classification of Tuberculosis Based on Lung X-Ray Image With Data Science Approach Using Convolutional Neural Network,” SinkrOn , vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 2193–2197, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 230,
"width": 528,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5] M. O. Arowolo, M. O. Adebiyi, E. P. Michael, H. E. Aigbogun, S. O. Abdulsalam, and A. A. Adebiyi, “Detection of COVID- 19 from Chest X-Ray Images using CNN and ANN Approach,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications , vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 754–759, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 274,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6] N. Alsharman and I. Jawarneh, “GoogleNet CNN neural network towards chest CT-coronavirus medical image classification,” Journal of Computer Science , vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 620–625, 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 306,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[7] R. Davuluri and R. Rengaswamy, “Improved Classification Model using CNN for Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease,” Journal of Computer Science , vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 415–425, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 338,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[8] V. Venkatesh, N. Yallappa, S. U. Hegde, and S. R. Stalin, “Fine-Tuned MobileNet Classifier for Classification of Strawberry and Cherry Fruit Types,” Journal of Computer Science , vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 44–54, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 370,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9] S. Jatmika and D. E. Saputra, “Rice Plants Disease Identification Using Deep Learning with Convolutional Neural Network Method,” SinkrOn , vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 2008–2016, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 402,
"width": 528,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10] A. A. Gomaa and Y. M. El-Latif, “Early Prediction of Plant Diseases using CNN and GANs,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications , vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 514–519, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 433,
"width": 527,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[11] K. Singh, R. Scholar, A. Mahajan, and V. Mansotra, “1D-CNN based Model for Classification and Analysis of Network At- tacks,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications , vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 604–613, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 465,
"width": 527,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[12] B. K. Triwijoyo, “Model Fast Tansfer Learning pada Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Konvolusional untuk Klasifikasi Gender Berdasarkan Citra Wajah,” MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer , vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 211–221, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 509,
"width": 527,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[13] B. K. Triwijoyo, A. Adil, and A. Anggrawan, “Convolutional Neural Network With Batch Normalization for Classification of Emotional Expressions Based on Facial Images,” MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer , vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 197–204, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 553,
"width": 527,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[14] T. A. Zuraiyah, S. Maryana, and A. Kohar, “Automatic Door Access Model Based on Face Recognition using Convolutional Neural Networ,” MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer , vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 241–252, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 585,
"width": 527,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[15] N. D. Miranda, L. Novamizanti, and S. Rizal, “Convolutional Neural Network Pada Klasifikasi Sidik Jari Menggunakan Resnet- 50,” Jurnal Teknik Informatika (Jutif) , vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 61–68, 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 616,
"width": 527,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[16] I. Boucherit, M. O. Zmirli, H. Hentabli, and B. A. Rosdi, “Finger Vein Identification Using Deeply-Fused Convolutional Neural Network,” Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences , vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 646–656, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 648,
"width": 527,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[17] H. Hariyanto, S. Madenda, S. A. Sudiro, and T. M. Kusuma, “Fingerprint Authenticity Classification Algorithm based-on Distance of Minutiae using Convolutional Neural Network,” Jurnal Telekomunikasi dan Komputer , vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 243–253, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 692,
"width": 527,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[18] C. Lin and A. Kumar, “A CNN-Based Framework for Comparison of Contactless to Contact-Based Fingerprints,” IEEE Trans- actions on Information Forensics and Security , vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 662–676, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 724,
"width": 527,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[19] M. Aritonang, I. D. Hutahaean, H. Sipayung, and I. H. Tambunan, “Implementation of Fingerprint Recognition Using Convolu- tional Neural Network and RFID Authentication Protocol on Attendance Machine,” ACM International Conference Proceeding Series , pp. 151–156, 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 383,
"top": 778,
"width": 178,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multi-Level Pooling Model . . . (Sri Suwarno)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 100,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "206 r",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 100,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN: 2476-9843",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 135,
"width": 527,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[20] B. Rim, J. Kim, and M. Hong, “Gender Classification from Fingerprint-images using Deep Learning Approach,” ACM Interna- tional Conference Proceeding Series , pp. 7–12, 2020.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 167,
"width": 527,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[21] W. Alakwaa, M. Nassef, and A. Badr, “Lung Cancer Detection and Classification with 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN),” International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering , vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 66–73, 2017.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 34,
"top": 778,
"width": 293,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matrik: Jurnal Managemen,Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer, Vol. 22, No. 2, Maret 2023: 195 – 206",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
d7848a1d-2f24-20bd-b871-add4b906df7a | https://journal.lppm-stikesfa.ac.id/index.php/FHJ/article/download/177/63 | [
{
"left": 288,
"top": 789,
"width": 18,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "137",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 90,
"width": 234,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faletehan Health Journal , 7 (3) (2020) 137-141 www. journal.lppm-stikesfa.ac.id/ojs/index.php/FHJ ISSN 2088-673X | e-ISSN 2597-8667",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 168,
"width": 418,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peningkatan Keterampilan Klinik Melalui Penerapan Mini-CEX",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 188,
"width": 211,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pada Mahasiswa Keperawatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 231,
"width": 263,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Siska Evi Martina, 2 Eva Hotmaria Simanjuntak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 248,
"width": 421,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Program Studi Ners, Fakultas Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 261,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Program Studi Profesi Bidan, Fakultas Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia *Corresponding Author: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 316,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 341,
"width": 484,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kompetensi keperawatan yang masih terbatas dibeberapa wilayah Indonesia menjadi tantangan bagi penyelenggara pendidikan keperawatan. Kompetensi keperawatan harus dicapai oleh perawat melalui peningkatan keterampilan klinik. Mini-CEX salah satu metode yang mampu membantu mahasiswa keperawatan meningkatkan keterampilan kliniknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi pengaruh mini-CEX terhadap peningkatan keterampilan klinik pada mahasiswa keperawatan Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini adalah quasi experimen dengan teknik pengambilan total sampling terhadap 49 sampel yang terbagi menjadi 25 sampel kelompok intervensi dan 24 sampel kelompok kontrol. Kuesioner yang digunakan adalah kuesioner mini-CEX yang telah dimodifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada perbedaan signifikan keterampilan mahasiswa keperawatan sebelum dan setelah dilaksanakan metode Mini-CEX (p-value= 0,000). Keterampilan mahasiswa dalam praktek klinik setelah mendapatkan feedback melalui metode Mini-CEX meningkat (mean= 35,24) signifikan dibandingkan sebelum mendapatkan perlakukan mini- CEX (mean= 25,56). Maka dari itu, mini-CEX sangat membantu mahasiswa keperawatan meningkatkan keterampilan klinik. Metode ini seharusnya diterapkan secara berkelanjutan di lahan praktek klinik mahasiswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 488,
"width": 332,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Keterampilan Klinik; Kompetensi; Mahasiswa Keperawatan; Mini-CEX",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 514,
"width": 439,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Improvement Clinical Skill Through the Implementation of Mini-CEX among Nursing Student",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 561,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 587,
"width": 484,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lack of nursing competencies in Indonesia is still happened. The university or nursing high school who provided nursing education is one who responsible on this situation. Nursing skill should be achieved by nursing student to improve clinical skills. Mini-CEX is one of method which can be improve nursing student’s skilss. Objective of this study to identify effectiveness of mini-CEX on improvement nursing student’s clinical skills. Quasi experiment was conducted to reach 49 nursing student divide to 25 student as an intevention group and 24 student as a control group by total sampling. Mini- CEX form was applied to measure clinical skill. This study found that nursing student’s clinical skills before and after intervention was signficant different with pvalue =0.000 (< 0.05). After student getting feedback, they were improve their skills (Mean=35.24), this showed that significant different from before intervention (Mean= 25.56). Therefore, Mini- CEX is a great clinical evaluation method to encourage and help student for improving their clinical skills. Mini-CEX should be applied contuniously in hospital.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 709,
"width": 228,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Clinical Skill; Competency; Mini-CEX; Nursing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 45,
"width": 213,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faletehan Health Journal , 7 (3) (2020) 137-141 www. journal.lppm-stikesfa.ac.id/ojs/index.php/FHJ ISSN 2088-673X | 2597-8667",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 789,
"width": 18,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "138",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 103,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 116,
"width": 226,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kompetensi perawat saat ini berorientasi pada kualitas keterampilan yang dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pendidikan. Berdasarkan Undang Undang No 38 tahun 2014, untuk menguji perawat kompenten atau tidak yaitu melalui uji kompetensi. Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi. Uji kompetensi menjadi tahap akhir dalam proses pendidikan keperawatan dan hal ini didukung mutu dari pendidikan keperawatan teserbut (Kemenrisetdikti, 2018)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 242,
"width": 226,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Uji Kompetensi Perawat Indonesia periode Oktober 2018 di 5 institusi pendidikan tinggi keperawatan di Sumatera Utara, dari 302 perawat yang baru lulus, menunjukan lebih dari 50 % (167 perawat) tidak kompeten dan hanya 135 perawat yang dinyatak kompeten (Kemenristek DIKTI, 2018). Rumah Sakit di Indonesia saat ini mengharuskan perawat memiliki Surat Tanda Registrasi (STR) dimana surat tersebut akan didapatkan jika mahasiswa tingkat akhir dinyatakan kompeten dari hasil ujian kompetensi perawat nasional. Hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi perawat di Indonesia menghadapi banyak tantangan. Maka dari itu, institusi pendidikan kesehatan yang memiliki program studi keperawatan harus meningkatkan kualitasnya, salah satunya melalui pengembangan metode evaluasi dan bimbingan klinik (Abdilah, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 470,
"width": 220,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mahasiswa keperawatan masih sangat terbatas dalam melakukan keterampilan klinik saat praktek di Rumah Sakit. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi hal tersebut seperti fasilitas atau peralatan medis yang berbeda dari institusi pendidikan, metode bimbingan, keterbatasan role model di lahan praktek rumah sakit dan perawat yang tidak semua mampu membimbing mahasiswa di rumah sakit (AIPNI, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 584,
"width": 226,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode bimbingan klinik yang diterapkan pada mahasiswa keperawatan sangat bervariasi dan memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan masing- masing. Metode bimbingan yang sering diterapkan pada mahasiswa keperawatan saat ini adalah Direct Observation of Prosecudral Skills (DOPS), Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), laporan kasus, Beside Teaching , Case Based Discussion dan Mini Clinical Evaluation Examination (Mini-CEX (Kuo dkk, 2013). World Health Organization (WHO) menjelaskan mini- CEX merupakan metode evaluasi yang memberikan kesempatan pada mahasiswa untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 103,
"width": 227,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "meningkatkan keterampilannya bagi pasien dengan bebagai situasi, mahasiswa mendapatkan arahan dan evaluasi setelah diobservasi secara langsung oleh pembimbing (Ansari dkk., 2013; Kuo dkk., 2013). World Health Organization (WHO) menjelaskan bahwa mini -CEX memiliki feasibility baik bagi mahasiswa preceptor dan mahasiswa pada pendidikan kesehatan serta memenuhi kebutuhan capaian pembelajaran praktik sebesar 60% (WHO, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 229,
"width": 221,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mini-CEX merupakan metode penilaian formatif yang cukup efektif dalam menilai performa mahasiswa pada level “ does” . Metode ini memiliki beberapa kelebihan seperti validitas dan reabilitas yang baik, memperoleh feedback dari preceptor , memberikan kesempatan yang banyak pada mahasiswa untuk menunjukkan kemampuannya pada berbagai kasus, setting dan langsung dengan pasien. Mini-CEX juga sangat membantu preceptor untuk mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan pengalamannya dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri untuk bisa menjadi role model (Huang, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 394,
"width": 226,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pengaruh metode mini-CEX terhadap keterampilan klinik mahasiswa keperawatan di Rumah Sakit Umum Sari Mutaiar Lubuk Pakam . Penenlitian ini perlu segera dilakukan merujuk kepada tuntutan dan kebutuhan perawat yang lebih terampil. Sehingga mahasiswa keperawatan dari pendidikan menjadi tenaga kesehatan yang terampil dan kompeten.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 508,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 520,
"width": 223,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu ( Quasi-exsperiment ) tanpa randomisasi karena subyek penelitian sudah terbagi dalam kelompok berdasarkan ruangan praktik klinik . Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa aktif pada program studi Diploma III Keperawatan Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia yang akan melakukan praktik klinik di RS Sari Mutiara Lubuk Pakam. Penelitian ini terdapat dua kelompok yaitu kelompok intervensi diberikan metode mini-CEX sedangkan kelompok kontrol melakukan penilaian seperti biasa dilakukan yaitu dengan penilaian Ujian Pengamatan dengan Daftar Tilik (UPDT). Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling . Sampel yang dipilih pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi keperawatan Universitas Sari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 45,
"width": 213,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faletehan Health Journal , 7 (3) (2020) 137-141 www. journal.lppm-stikesfa.ac.id/ojs/index.php/FHJ ISSN 2088-673X | 2597-8667",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 520,
"top": 789,
"width": 18,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "139",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 90,
"width": 220,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mutiara Indonesi semester III-VI yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi: 1) Mahasiswa semester III-VI prodi D-III Keperawatan yang melaksanakan pembelajaran praktik dengan kehadiran 100%, 2) Telah lulus ujian teori dan laboratorium, 3) menyetujui ikut dalam penelitian. Sampel untuk prodi DIII keperawatan pada kelompok intervensi penelitian ini sebanyak 25 orang dan kelompok kontrol sebanyak 24 orang, sehingga total sampel sebanyak 49 orang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 217,
"width": 220,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kuesioner yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah format penilaian mini-CEX yang telah di modifikasi yang mencakup 7 kompetensi keterampilan seperti kemampuan anamnesis, kemampuan pemeriksaan fisik, kualitas profesionalisme, keputusan diagnosa, tata laksana, kemampuan konseling, dan organisasi. Setiap kompetensi keterampilan dinilai aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor dengan nilai terendah 0 dan nilai tertingi 3 pada masing masing aspek. Sehingga skor penilairan kumulatif 0 sampai 63. Mahasiswa dengan skor < 32 dinyatakan kurang terampil dan ≥ 32 mahasiswa terampil. Penelitian ini telah dinyatakan lolos uji etik berdasarkan No 406/KEPK/FKUMSU/2020. Proses perijinan juga diberikan dari LPPM Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia dan disetujui oleh Direktur Rumah Sakit Umum Sari Mutiara Lubuk Pakam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 470,
"width": 202,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan Tabel 1. Distrisbusi Ferekuensi karakteristik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 497,
"width": 216,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mahasiswa keperawatan pada kelompok control dan kelompok Intervensi (n=49) Variabel Control Goup (n=24) Intervensi Group (n=25) n % n % Usia 20 tahun 5 20,8 5 20 21 tahun 15 62,5 9 36 22 tahun 4 16,7 11 44 Jenis Kelamin Laki-laki 10 41,7 8 32 Perempuan 14 58,3 17 68 Total 24 100 25 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 704,
"width": 226,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 menunjukkan gambaran sampel pada penelitian ini. Mayoritas kelompok intervensi berusia 22 tahun (44 %) sedangkan kelompok kontrol 21 tahun (62,5 %). Jenis kelamin pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 90,
"width": 226,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kelompok intervensi mayoritas adalah perempuan (68 %) dan serupa dengan kelompok kontrol 58,3 % adalah perempuan. Hal ini memang sangat umum pada pendidikan keperawatan yang didominasi oleh perempuan sebagai mahasiswa terbanyak dibandingkan jurusan sosial lainnya. Mayoritas usia pada kelompok intervensi adalah 22 tahun, hal ini dikarenakan saat pelaksanaan penelitian mahasiswa tingkat akhir yang mendapatkan kesempatan lebih banyak untuk dinilai secara mini-CEX.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 242,
"width": 226,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Distribusi Frekuensi Mini-CEX pada kelompok Intervensi (n= 25) Variabel n % Kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap mini-CEX Memuaskan Superior 8 17 32 68 Penilaian keseluruhan keterampilan Kurang Memuaskan Memuaskan Superior 4 18 3 16 72 12 Total 25 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 422,
"width": 227,
"height": 313,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa keperawatan pada kelompok intervensi terkait pelaksaan mini-CEX. Mayoritas mahasiswa (68 %) menyatakan pelaksanaan mini- CEX sangat memuaskan atau superior. Hal ini dikarenakan pengalaman pertama mahasiswa keperawatan melakukan praktek klinik dengan diobservasi, didampingi, dinilai, dan mendapatkan feedback secara langsung. Sehingga proses praktik dan bimbingan menjadi lebih baik dan mahasiswa mampu meningkatkan keterampilannya berdasarkan feedback yang didapat. Mini-CEX dillakukan oleh preceptor kepada mahasiswa keperawatan yang praktek di RS umum Sari Mutiara Lubuk Pakam melalui observasi selama 15 menit saat mahasiswa berinterakti dan melakukan tindakan keperawatan kepada pasien dan keluarga. Setelah mahasiswa selesai dari pasien, preceptor memberikan feedback selama 5 menit terkait hal yang telah dilakukan dan yang harus dilakukan selanjutnya dalam peningkatan asuhan keperawatan. Selain itu 72 % mahasiswa menunjukan hasil yang memuaskan setelah menerima feedback dan hanya 16 % masih kurang memuaskan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 45,
"width": 213,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faletehan Health Journal , 7 (3) (2020) 137-141 www. journal.lppm-stikesfa.ac.id/ojs/index.php/FHJ ISSN 2088-673X | 2597-8667",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 789,
"width": 18,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "140",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 103,
"width": 420,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Perbedaan Keterampilan Klinik Mahasiswa Keperawatan Dengan Metode Mini-CEX",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 116,
"width": 422,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel Perlakuan Mean ± Std. Deviasi t p-value Keterampilan klinik mahasiswa keperawatan dengan metode mini-CEX Pre - intervensi 25,56 ± 3,75 - 7,685 0,000 Post -Intervensi 35,24 ± 5,14",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 218,
"width": 226,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t berpasangan ( paired sample t test ) menunjukan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05), yang berarti bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan keterampilan mahasiswa keperawatan sebelum dan setelah dilaksanakan metode mini- CEX. Hal ini mengindikasikan metode mini-CEX signifikan berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan keterampilan mahasiswa keperawatan. Terlihat dari keterampilan mahasiswa dalam praktek klinik setelah mendapatkan feedback melalui metode mini-CEX meningkat (mean= 35,24) signifikan dibandingkan sebelum mendapatkan perlakukan mini-CEX (mean= 25,56) (Tabel 3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 383,
"width": 226,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tingkat kepuasaan mashasiswa dengan perlakuan mini- CEX. Hasil penelitian menujukan mayoritas mahasiswa puas degan metode mini-CEX. Hal ini sejalan dengan tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap pelaksanaan evaluasi melalui mini-CEX. Mini-CEX dapat meningkatkan proses pembelajaran klinik mahasiswa keperawatan melalui penjelasan perkembangan kompetensinya dan bahkan kelemahan yang sering dilakukan saat memberikan asuhan keperawatan. Setiap mahasiswa sangat membutuhkan saran dan evaluasi yang positif untuk mengurangi tingkat stress selama praktek klinik (Lita, 2013; Mansourian dkk, 2013). Mahasiswa keperawatan saat ini dituntut harus memiliki kompetensi yang telah ditetapkan maka melalui mini-CEX proses praktek klinik dapat membantu mahasiswa mencapai kompetensinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 623,
"width": 226,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mini-CEX pada peneltian ini menunjukan pengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan keterampilan mahasiswa keperawatan yang praktek di RS Sari Mutiara Lubuk Pakam. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan Moghadam dkk (2016) yang menunjukan perbedaan signifikan nilai mean keterampilan klinik mahasiswa anestesi pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi. WHO menyatakan bahwa pemberian f eedback",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 218,
"width": 227,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menggunakan metode mini-CEX membuat mahasiswa lebih baik mencapai kompetensi pembelajaran klinik. Melalui mini-CEX, preceptor memberikan feedback kepada mahasiswa sehingga mahasiswa menjadi lebih terbuka atas hal yang telah dilakukan kepada pasien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 294,
"width": 227,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mahasiswa mendapatkan kesempatan dinilai dan mendapat umpan balik sebagai evaluasi yang telah dilakukan dan masukan untuk meningkatkan keterampilannya (Sudarso dkk, 2016; Lita, 2013; Habibi dkk, 2013). Preceptor memberikan evaluasi atas keterampilan yang dilakukan mahasiswa secara langsung dan objektif dengan penjelasan bagaimana dan apa yang harus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan tersebut. Mahasiswa harus tetap mendapat apresiasi atas hal yang telah dilakukan, tidak memberikan evaluasi dengan teknik mengkritik. Melalui penjelasan yang disampaikan, mahasiswa akan lebih menerima dan memahami bagaimana untuk meningkatkan kompetensinya. Hal ini sangat berguna saat mereka bukan lagi menjadi mahasiswa tetapi menjadi perawat sesungguhnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 509,
"width": 227,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal serupa juga dipaparkan oleh Sudarso dkk (2016) bahwa kesempatan yang diperoleh mahasiswa untuk menerima feedback dan saran guna mengembangkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 485,
"top": 547,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kemampuan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 560,
"width": 227,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "keterampilannya akan sangat memotivasi, dibandinngkan hanya mengkritik hal yang sudah dilakukan. Kelebihan lain dari metode mini-CEX adalah menstimuli proses evaluasi dalam diri mahasiswa tersebut seperti refleksi diri, respon emosi, dan motivasi. Proses tersebut akan membuat mahasiswa menjadi lebih yakin untuk meningkatkan keterampilan. Preceptor tidak hanya memberikan nilai atau menguji mahasiswa namun hubungan kerja sama dapat terwujud melalui pemberian feedback sehingga mahasiswa juga merasa menjadi bagian dari tempat praktek, semakin antusias menjalankan praktek dan meningkatkan keterampilan klnik selama pratek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 45,
"width": 213,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faletehan Health Journal , 7 (3) (2020) 137-141 www. journal.lppm-stikesfa.ac.id/ojs/index.php/FHJ ISSN 2088-673X | 2597-8667",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 520,
"top": 789,
"width": 18,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "141",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 91,
"width": 51,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 103,
"width": 226,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menunjukan ada perbedaan signifikan keterampilan mahasiswa keperawatan sebelum dan setelah dilaksanakan metode mini- CEX. Metode mini-CEX secara signifikan berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan keterampilan mahasiswa keperawatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 192,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Referensi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 204,
"width": 220,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abdilah. (2016). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kelulusan Uji Kompetensi Ners Indonesia. J. Penelit. Adm. Publik , 2, 373–380.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 255,
"width": 226,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AIPNI. (2014). Materi Pelatihan Preceptorship (tidak dipublikasikan). Yogyakarta : STIKes Almaata (in Bahasa Indonesia).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 293,
"width": 226,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Ansari A., Ali, S.K., & Donnon, T. The construct and criterion validity of the mini- CEX: a meta-analysis of the published research. Acad Med . 2013, 88 (3) : 413 - 420. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e318280a953 Djuria, S.A., & Afandi, M. (2013). Development of measurement tool Mini-CEX (Mini Clinical Evaluation) as an evaluation tool of nursing students in teaching hospital of Universitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 407,
"width": 75,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammadiyah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 407,
"width": 57,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 254,
"top": 407,
"width": 29,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "GSTF",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 419,
"width": 205,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Nursing and Health Care (JNHC) , 1(1): 127-132.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 445,
"width": 226,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Habibi, H., Khaghanizade, M., Ebadi, A., &",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 457,
"width": 205,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sayedmazhari, M. 2013. Comparison of the Effect of Modern Assesment Methods (DOPS and Mini-CEX) with traditional method on Nursing students’Clinical Skills : A Randomized Trial. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(5) :364-372.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 90,
"width": 226,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Huang, S. Y. (2015). The Experience Of MiniClinical Evaluation. BMJ Open , A1– A53.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 128,
"width": 227,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemenristek DIKTI. ( 2018). Data Statistik Pendaftar lulus dan tidak lulus.Registrasi Online Uji Kompetensi NERS.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 166,
"width": 226,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kuo, C.L., Shou, J.P., Maw, S.L., Chih, W.Y., &",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 179,
"width": 205,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H, P.K. (2013). Develompment and implementation of a mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) program to asses the clinical competencies of internal medicine residents: from faculty development to curriculum evaluation. BMC Medical",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 255,
"width": 141,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Education , 13 (13): 1472-1476.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 267,
"width": 227,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lita, B.F. (2013). Comparison of perceptions of nursing internship program and preseptor on Mini-CEX implementation in Education Hospital. Underthesis. Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 331,
"width": 227,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moghadam, F.A., Sahebalzamani, M., Fatemah, M., Farahani, H., & Gharabagh, Z.A. (2016). A comparative analysis of the effect of Mini- CEX and conventional assesment methods on clinical skill ini anesthesiology students of School of Paramedicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Advances in Medical Education (JAMED) , 1 (3): 60-68. Sudarso, S., Rahayu, G. R., & Suhoyo, Y. (2016). How does feedback in mini-CEX affect students’ learning response? International Journal of Medical Education , 7, 407-413, https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.580b.363d WHO.(2011). Panduan Pembelajaran Praktik Klinik Kebidanan dengan Pendekatan Preceptorship dan Mentorship. Jakarta: Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Tenaga Kesehatan.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
72e4ad32-6b30-7ccf-8402-a78d057a6521 | https://jurnal.unigo.ac.id/index.php/gjgops/article/download/1473/686 | [
{
"left": 99,
"top": 143,
"width": 386,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Petunjuk Penulisan Artikel Gorontalo Journal of Govenrment and Political Studies (Max. 15 Kata,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 178,
"width": 201,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bookman Old Style 15pt)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 255,
"top": 216,
"width": 287,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Atika Marzaman (10 pt Bold) Universitas Gorontalo Jalan Ahmad A. Wahab No. 247, Limboto, Kab. Gorontalo [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 298,
"width": 276,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Received: 16th October 2020; Revised: 14th March 2021; Accepted: 28th March 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 349,
"width": 155,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT (10 pt Bold-Italic)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 361,
"width": 442,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study will explore information about the application of participatory leadership in Gorontalo Regency, through the process of community involvement and empowerment in order to maximize the potential of the agricultural sector. Research will be conducted with qualitative methods with data collection techniques through: interviews and literature review. Data obtained regarding agricultural potential in Gorontalo Regency along with the problems and constraints faced are then used to maximize participatory leadership to increase the potential of the agricultural sector.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 443,
"width": 442,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of this study explain that Gorontalo District has enormous agricultural potential when viewed from the area of land and the livelihood of its people. For this reason, active involvement of all relevant stakeholders, especially the regional government, is needed. Regional leaders in this case the village head and village head must prioritize community involvement in the agricultural policy making process. From the results of the research conducted, it was found that in the smallest level of government, in this case the village, musrembangdes in fact did not run optimally. As a result the policy was only implemented by the government where only a small proportion of the community were involved in the policy formulation process and tended not to be involved in the implementation process and oversight of its policies. The results of this study will certainly be input for local governments to conduct re-evaluations in the process of community participation and leadership processes so as to be able to support the progress of the regional agricultural sector.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 596,
"width": 259,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: agriculture; participatory leadership",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 620,
"width": 122,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK (10 pt Bold)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 631,
"width": 443,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi ini akan menggali informasi tentang penerapan kepemimpinan partisipatif di Kabupaten Gorontalo, melalui proses pelibatan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk memaksimalkan potensi sektor pertanian. Penelitian akan dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui: wawancara dan tinjauan literatur. Data yang diperoleh mengenai potensi pertanian di Kabupaten Gorontalo bersama dengan masalah dan kendala yang dihadapi kemudian digunakan untuk memaksimalkan kepemimpinan partisipatif untuk meningkatkan potensi sektor pertanian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 21,
"width": 158,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gorontalo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 71,
"width": 299,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal of Government and Political Studies",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 92,
"width": 239,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 4 - NO. 1 – April 2021 P-ISSN: 2614-2120 E-ISSN: 2614-2104",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 99,
"width": 443,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Kabupaten Gorontalo memiliki potensi pertanian yang sangat besar jika dilihat dari luas lahan dan mata pencaharian masyarakatnya. Untuk alasan ini, keterlibatan aktif semua pemangku kepentingan terkait, terutama pemerintah daerah, diperlukan. Pimpinan daerah dalam hal ini kepala desa dan kepala desa harus memprioritaskan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan pertanian. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa pada tingkat pemerintahan terkecil, dalam hal ini desa, musrembangdes sebenarnya tidak berjalan optimal. Akibatnya kebijakan tersebut hanya dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah di mana hanya sebagian kecil masyarakat yang terlibat dalam proses perumusan kebijakan dan cenderung tidak terlibat dalam proses implementasi dan pengawasan kebijakannya. Hasil penelitian ini tentu akan menjadi masukan bagi pemerintah daerah untuk melakukan evaluasi ulang dalam proses partisipasi masyarakat dan proses kepemimpinan sehingga dapat mendukung kemajuan sektor pertanian regional.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 252,
"width": 269,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: pertanian; kepemimpinan partisipatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 276,
"width": 114,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 289,
"width": 440,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendahuluan mencakup latar belakang atas isu atau permasalahan serta urgensi dan rasionalisasi kegiatan (penelitian atau pengabdian). Uraikan latar belakang pemilihan topik penelitian yang dilandasi oleh keingintahuan peneliti dalam mengungkapkan suatu gejala/konsep/dugaan untuk mencapai suatu tujuan. Perlu dikemukakan hal-hal yang melandasi atau argumentasi yang menguatkan bahwa penelitian tersebut penting untuk dilaksanakan. Masalah yang akan diteliti harus dirumuskan secara jelas disertai dengan pendekatan dan konsep untuk menjawab permasalahan, pengujian hipotesis atau dugaan yang akan dibuktikan. Dalam perumusan masalah dapat dijelaskan definisi, asumsi, dan lingkup yang menjadi batasan penelitian. Tujuan kegiatan dan rencana pemecahan masalah disajikan dalam bagian ini. Tinjauan pustaka yang relevan dan pengembangan hipotesis (jika ada) dimasukkan dalam bagian ini. [Bookman Old Style, 11, normal].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 470,
"width": 144,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 483,
"width": 440,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian menjelaskan rancangan kegiatan, ruang lingkup atau objek, bahan dan alat utama, tempat, teknik pengumpulan data, definisi operasional variabel penelitian, dan teknik analisis. [Bookman Old Style, 11, normal].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 548,
"width": 168,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 561,
"width": 440,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bagian ini menyajikan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian dapat dilengkapi dengan tabel, grafik (gambar), dan/atau bagan. Bagian pembahasan memaparkan hasil pengolahan data, menginterpretasikan penemuan secara logis, mengaitkan dengan sumber rujukan yang relevan. [Bookman Old Style, 11, normal].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 99,
"width": 372,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Contoh Penilaian Persen Sangat mampu - Mampu 16,67 Kurang mampu 66,66 Tidak mampu 16,67 Total 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 263,
"width": 57,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 289,
"width": 112,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Contoh Rumus % 100 N F P Di mana :",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 342,
"width": 301,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P = Prosentase F = Frekuensi jawaban N = Jumlah sampel (responden) 3.1. Sub Bagian Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 434,
"width": 235,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2. Sub Bagian Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 447,
"width": 58,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.3. dst",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 472,
"width": 73,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. PENUTUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 485,
"width": 439,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bagian penutup berisi kesimpulan dan saran. Kesimpulan berisi rangkuman singkat atas hasil penelitian dan pembahasan. Saran berisi rekomendasi yang dihasilkan dari penelitian baik bagi pengambil kebijakan maupun pengembangan untuk penelitian selanjutnya. [Bookman Old Style, 11, normal].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 99,
"width": 125,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PUBLICATION ETHIC",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 121,
"width": 440,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gorontalo Journal of Government and Political Studies (GJGoPS) is a peer- reviewed journal published by Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Gorontalo. This journal is available in print and online and highly respects the publication ethics and avoids any type of plagiarism. This statement explains the ethical behavior of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the editor-in-chief, the editorial board, the peer-reviewers and the publisher (Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Gorontalo). This statement is based on COPE’s Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 263,
"width": 239,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ethical Guideline for Journal Publication",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 289,
"width": 440,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The publication of an article in a peer-reviewed journal of GJGoPS is an essential building block in the development of a coherent and respected network of knowledge. It is a direct reflection of the quality of the work of the authors and the institutions that support them. Peer-reviewed articles support and embody the scientific method. It is, therefore, important to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing: the author, the journal editor, the peer-reviewer, the publisher and the society.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 392,
"width": 439,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Gorontalo as publisher of GJGoPS takes its duties of guardianship over all stages of publishing seriously and we recognize our ethical behavior and other responsibilities. We are committed to ensuring that advertising, reprinting or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on the editorial decisions. In addition, the Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Gorontalo and Editorial Board will assist in communications with other journals and/or publishers where this is useful and necessary.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 509,
"width": 127,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Publication Decisions",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 534,
"width": 443,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The editor of the Gorontalo Journal of Government and Political Studies is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editors may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editors may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 651,
"width": 57,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fair Play",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 664,
"width": 443,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The editor at any time evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 99,
"width": 92,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Confidentiality",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 112,
"width": 443,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 164,
"width": 212,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Disclosure And Conflicts Of Interest",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 177,
"width": 443,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 215,
"width": 117,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Duties of Reviewers",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 228,
"width": 442,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Contribution to Editorial Decisions. Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 280,
"width": 443,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Promptness. Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 332,
"width": 443,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Confidentiality. Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 383,
"width": 443,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Standards of Objectivity. Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 435,
"width": 443,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Acknowledgement of Sources. Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 525,
"width": 443,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Disclosure and Conflict of Interest. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 616,
"width": 105,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Duties of Authors",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 629,
"width": 443,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Reporting standards. Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 99,
"width": 442,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Originality and Plagiarism. The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 151,
"width": 443,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multiple, Redundant or Concurrent Publication. An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 228,
"width": 443,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Acknowledgement of Sources. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 280,
"width": 443,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Authorship of the Paper. Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 409,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest. All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 474,
"width": 443,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fundamental Errors in Published Works. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 564,
"width": 149,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "======================",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 590,
"width": 331,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Atika Marzaman, S.IP., MA. Editor-in-Chief Gorontalo Journal of Government and Political Studies Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Gorontalo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 112,
"width": 129,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 125,
"width": 439,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penulisan naskah dan sitasi yang diacu dalam naskah ini disarankan menggunakan aplikasi referensi (reference manager ) seperti Mendeley, Zotero, Reffwork, Endnote dan lain-lain. [Bookman Old Style, 11, normal].",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
882e102a-44ef-f4f1-99d5-6c34cef3a567 | https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijqr/article/download/675/275 | [
{
"left": 169,
"top": 38,
"width": 260,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Qualitative Research , 2 (2), 173-182",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 767,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "173",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 109,
"width": 337,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 2 Issue 2 November (2022) DOI: 10.47540/ijqr.v2i2.675",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 109,
"width": 70,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Page: 173 – 182",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 139,
"width": 442,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chinese EFL Learners’ Lived Experience of Communication Apprehension in a Sino-Foreign Context",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 188,
"width": 87,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Arnel E. Genzola",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 205,
"width": 174,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jilin University-Lambton College, China",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 221,
"width": 310,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Corresponding Author : Arnel E. Genzola; Email: [email protected] A R T I C L E I N F O",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 237,
"width": 65,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A B S T R A C T",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 253,
"width": 143,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords : Communication Apprehension, Foreign Language, Phenomenology, Sino-Foreign Context.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 300,
"width": 121,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received : 22 September 2022 Revised : 17 November 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 324,
"width": 120,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Accepted : 19 November 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 253,
"width": 302,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A great deal of emphasis has been placed on the development of communication competencies among students in light of the significance of effective communication in the 21 st century. Past studies identified communication apprehension (CA) as one factor that hindered learners’ ability to communicate effectively. This study used a qualitative, phenomenological method involving six (6) participants who have lived experience of CA in a unique Chinese context, the Sino-Foreign Joint Venture, a concept that promotes cooperation of foreign educational institutions with China’s educational services industry. In-depth interviews, essays of the participants’ experiences, stimulated recall, and classroom observation has been employed. The video-recorded interviews were carried out as the primary method of data collection. The results revealed eight themes identified as anxiety-provoking classroom situations, namely, level of difficulty and familiarity with the topic, incomprehensible input, preparation, interpersonal evaluation and criticism, voluntary speaking and being asked to, making mistakes and losing face, classroom oral presentations, and oral language assessment and rate of recurrence. This study throws in user input to sensitize Sino-Foreign higher education institutions, curriculum developers, and teachers to the debilitating influence of communication apprehension on language learners.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 479,
"width": 70,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "I NTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 492,
"width": 222,
"height": 262,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "China’s participation in export-led growth, development of its economy through a more open market, foreign investments, and sophisticated technologies generates a growing demand for its university graduates with exceptional proficiency and communication skills in the English language. The worldwide expansion of the English language has amplified the demand to acquire good communication skills in English. To possess effective communication skills and multiple communication competencies, especially in English, the target language that most Chinese students strive to be proficient at is not only a value-added advantage to stay competitive in the increasingly challenging demand in the global workforce but also an important aspect employers place significant emphasis on in their hiring and promotion decisions as evidenced in several empirical studies (Deppe et al., 1991; Kelly & Gaedeke, 1990; Maes et al.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 478,
"width": 222,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1997; Warnock & Curtis, 1997: as cited in Shanahan, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 506,
"width": 222,
"height": 248,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A great deal of emphasis has been placed on the development of communication competencies among students in light of the significance of effective communication in the world today. However, not all students appear to benefit as desired from communication skills development (Tanveer, 2007). Past studies identified communication apprehension (CA) or the fear of communicating as one of the factors that hindered a learner’s ability to develop effective communication skills and his/her willingness to communicate. In China, Liu (2006) emphasized that English Language Teaching (ELT) has long been a difficult task for both students and teachers due to many reasons with little contact with the target language and communication apprehension as some of the factors identified affecting learners’ communication skills in the English language. Institutions of higher",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 35,
"width": 340,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF Q UALITATIVE R ESEARCH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 54,
"width": 342,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal Homepage: https://ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/ijqr ISSN: 2798-6047 (Online) Research Article",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 45,
"width": 260,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Qualitative Research , 2 (2), 173-182",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 767,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "174",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "learning in China are constantly challenged to improve students’ communicative competence (Liu & Huo, 2007) to meet the demand for domestic economic development and international communication (Xu et al., 2006). Cai Jigang issued a report disclosing that only 7% of the graduates are qualified interpreters for international conferences, and only 14% are qualified translators of negotiation with foreigners (as cited in Genzola, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 208,
"width": 222,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "To this day, the task of producing competent English language speakers among Chinese learners is still a challenge for institutions of higher learning throughout mainland China even though considerable efforts have been made to prioritize the development of communication competence. Given the number of foreign language learners on a global scale, highlighting China as having “the largest number of EFL learners in the world” (Liu, 2006, p. 303), the phenomenon of communication apprehension is explored with various groups of learners in different contexts. One such context is China’s Sino-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools, a novel concept in China in recent years that promotes and encourages cooperation and participation of foreign educational institutions with China’s educational services industry.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 443,
"width": 222,
"height": 207,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Given the phenomenon’s complicated and multifaceted nature, there is also a need to validate and expand upon quantitative results, that is, the utilization of a qualitative inquiry to gain a better and more in-depth understanding of the construct of foreign language communication apprehension. There is a considerable scope to utilize qualitative research in understanding CA, although a great deal of research on this construct has focused on anxiety in classroom activities; however, qualitative approaches in examining CA from the learners’ perspective in a Chinese setting are still scarce in the literature and so far none has been done concerning CA of EFL students in a Sino-Foreign higher education institution.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 651,
"width": 222,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Previous studies indicated that many factors trigger anxiety among foreign language learners, and this anxiety experienced in the foreign language classroom has negative effects on learners’ abilities to learn a foreign language. Investigations in a variety of settings with students who have differing backgrounds are needed to better understand this construct. To my knowledge, no study has dealt",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "with Chinese EFL learners in a Sino-Foreign context; thus, the need to explore this phenomenon in wider contexts with different groups of learners.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 111,
"width": 222,
"height": 221,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Moreover, most of the studies included participants who are English majors and whose target language communication exposure mainly depended on English classes, but, the current context involves non-English majors in a Sino- Foreign English-medium institution of higher learning in which the majority of the classes from EFL and Academic English to their respective field of specialization are taught by native speakers and foreign teachers with EFL/ESL teaching as their area of expertise. This study attempts to fill these gaps by examining this phenomenon of interest from a unique Chinese context to provide further insights into the role of different learning situations in learning and communicating in the target language in an EFL classroom context",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 333,
"width": 222,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This study aims to investigate the lived experience of foreign language communication apprehension of Chinese EFL learners in a unique Chinese context, a Sino-Foreign Higher Education context; specifically, it endeavors to look into the classroom situations the participants experienced to be anxiety-provoking when they communicate in English in their EFL classroom.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 457,
"width": 47,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "M ETHODS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 470,
"width": 222,
"height": 248,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This study followed a transcendental phenomenological research design to qualitative research. Phenomenology, as a type of qualitative research (Merriam, 2009), is a study of people’s conscious experience of their life-world (Schram, 2003); it attempts to uncover and describe the structure, the internal structures, of lived experience (Van Manen, 1990). It aims to understand an identified phenomenon of interest as experienced by a group of individuals (Creswell, 2013). Communication apprehension as an internal, personal phenomenon necessitates an approach that is more suitable to the world of natural phenomena, thus, the phenomenological approach was used to obtain deeper insights in consideration of the goal of this research undertaking in understanding the experience and the constructed meaning from the point of view of the participants.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 720,
"width": 222,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Methods of Data Collection The interview (video-recorded) was carried out as the primary method of data collection. I used",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 45,
"width": 260,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Qualitative Research , 2 (2), 173-182",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 767,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "175",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "semi-structured videotaped in-depth interviews. To complement the responses obtained from the interview, a researcher-generated document in the form of an essay (participants were asked to write an essay about their experiences learning and communicating in the target language in EFL classes), stimulated recall (stimulated recall questions were used to encourage the participants to remember that moment they were performing a particular speaking task in their EFL class), and classroom observation (to collect the participants’ actions in various speaking situations or activities that provoked anxiety) were also employed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 250,
"width": 96,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Participant Selection",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 263,
"width": 222,
"height": 248,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The study employed purposive sampling. To start purposive sampling, the investigator must establish selection criteria in choosing the people or sites to be studied (Merriam, 2009). I determined what selection criteria were essential in choosing a sample from which the most can be learned. First, the participants must be Chinese EFL students of a Sino-Foreign institution of higher learning. Second, the participants were those who have had experiences relating to the phenomenon to be investigated (Kruger, 1988). Last, the participants were required to have previously learned English for at least two years and at least two semesters of university-level EFL classes, so they would possess a satisfactory level of proficiency to speak comfortably in English. This criterion was determined based on the participants’ academic records.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 512,
"width": 222,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A preliminary interview was conducted with those who had been invited into the study, and a total of six participants (assigned English names: John, Jerry, Jack, Rebecca, Skili, and Kathy) who have all experienced the phenomenon were selected using the selection criteria.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 596,
"width": 77,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The Participants",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 609,
"width": 222,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The participants of this study were the EFL students of an English-medium campus in Northeast China, Jilin University-Lambton College (JULC), a private institution of higher learning that is part of Jilin University, the largest university in China. The participants were undergraduate students from years three to four pursuing international programs in Telecommunications Engineering Technology and Business Administration.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 734,
"width": 222,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Of these participants, three of them were males, and three were females, aged 20-22. They",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "have been learning English for an average of 12.67 years. They had studied English for an average of 9.5 years, with a minimum of six and a maximum of thirteen years, before entering JULC. Except for one male participant who studied English from both Chinese and foreign teachers in middle school and high school, the rest of the participants can be regarded as typical EFL learners since they studied English almost exclusively in a monolingual classroom, by and large from non-native teachers of English, with limited exposure and opportunities to use the English language to communicate outside of language classrooms.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 250,
"width": 85,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data Construction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 263,
"width": 222,
"height": 373,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This study used the simplified version of the phenomenological data analyzing procedure of Hycner (1985) which involved five steps, namely, bracketing and phenomenological reduction, delineating units of meaning, clustering of units and meaning to form themes, summarizing each interview, validating it and where necessary modifying it, and extracting general and unique themes from all the interviews and making a composite summary. In summarizing each interview, validating, and where necessary modifying it, I returned to the participants and engaged them in a dialogue about what has been found so far. Returning to the participants and engaging in a dialogue with them vis-à-vis what has been found so far, according to Hycner, is an “„excellent experiential validity check” (1985, p. 291) in determining whether the “„essence of the interview has been correctly captured” (1999, p. 154). The final step involved extracting general and unique themes from all the interviews and making a composite summary. It concluded with a composite summary of all the interviews to accurately capture the essence of the phenomenon studied. It described the “world” in general as experienced by the participants and it reflected the themes that are common to most or all of the in-depth interviews.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 637,
"width": 74,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Research Ethics",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 651,
"width": 225,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ethical issues relating to the protection of the participants in any qualitative study are of concern (Merriam, 2009). At all stages of the research process, this study was conducted with care for ethical issues to ensure that those who took part in this study were protected from any possible harm. In this study, the goals of the research and the role of the participants in the research were explained to",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 45,
"width": 260,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Qualitative Research , 2 (2), 173-182",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 767,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "176",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 289,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "all student participants who were asked to sign the consent form. Obtaining informed consent indicating the willingness of the participants to participate is of prime importance. They were never coerced to consider participating in the study, and they were told they could withdraw at any time should they decide to. Confidentiality is another important consideration, that is, the names and the data that they reported were kept confidential. In collecting the data, the video camera was positioned in a location that did not cause discomfort to the students and the teacher. I stayed at particular spots to make sure my presence did not interfere with the classroom activities. In conducting the interview, I made sure that the participants were aware that it would be videotaped. In analyzing and writing up the results, confidentiality was strictly adhered to in a way that readers of the report would not be able to identify the student participants. I sought approval from the administration before the study was carried out.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 375,
"width": 119,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "R ESULTS AND D ISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 388,
"width": 222,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Researchers have attempted to investigate the phenomenon of interest in various contexts because of its potentially debilitating effects on language",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "learning. The findings of the study seem to corroborate the findings offered by previous studies on foreign language communication apprehension, although not agreeing with every detail. The participants’ description of the experience of foreign language communication apprehension revealed eight themes (see Figure 1) identified as anxiety-provoking classroom situations when they communicate in English in their EFL classroom.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 194,
"width": 222,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results corroborate the previous findings of Wang (2005), which revealed that Chinese college students experienced comparatively high levels of anxiety in the students’ foreign language classes, and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students had a tendency to be more anxious than most of the other student groups, and many of them exhibited certain degrees of communication apprehension in English class. The findings also support Liu’s (2006) study on the causes and consequences of anxiety in EFL classrooms of Chinese undergraduate non-English majors in oral English language lessons disclosing self-reported feelings of anxiety in oral English lessons at all proficiency levels, which consequently made many of them unwilling to volunteer to speak English in class.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 698,
"width": 456,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 1. English Language Learning in a Sino-Foreign Higher Education Context The study affirms that anxiety is a serious issue in Chinese EFL classrooms and is not yet being addressed by many EFL teachers and learners. The findings of this qualitative, phenomenological exploration clearly indicate the existence of foreign language communication",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 45,
"width": 260,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Qualitative Research , 2 (2), 173-182",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 767,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "177",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "apprehension among the participants when learning and communicating in English in their foreign language classroom.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 112,
"width": 222,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Level of Difficulty and Familiarity with the Topic",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 139,
"width": 222,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Five of the respondents expressed that the level of difficulty and familiarity with the topic triggers anxiety in their attempts to speak in English in their language classroom. They believe that any effort to take part in any communicative situation is, to a certain extent, dependent upon their interest, level of ease and complexity, and their familiarity with tackling the topic at hand. John demonstrated this sentiment when he stated “If the topic is not my dish, I would be anxious” (313). “If the question for me is more difficult, I can’t answer it. If it’s a simple question and I can’t answer it, I will lose face because everyone knows a simple topic and everyone can answer it” (315-319). “Because I stand in front of the class, and the students, all the students see me I can’t answer the question. I feel embarrassed and my face will turn red” (338-340).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 374,
"width": 222,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "To the participants, the lack of knowledge about a certain topic intensifies anxiety. Jerry related his experience, “Sometimes, I want to speak, um, but I can’t do it because I am not sure I can describe it clearly” (531-533). The participants tend to take part if they are comfortable with the topic, as reflected in this statement of Jerry, “When I knew the questions, um, I said something” (592-593). Otherwise, “When I didn’t know it, I would feel nervous and embarrassed” (593-594). Jack expressed a similar description, “I feel nervous when I don’t know what to say (446). I don’t have enough ideas when I have a difficult topic; I will feel nervous “(348-349).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 568,
"width": 222,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Clearly, the participants stressed that when the topics that arise are unknown and the level of difficulty is unbefitting with respect to language tasks and activities, the more worried and anxious they become, thus, speaking performance and efforts to communicate are stymied. This is consistent with the findings of the study of Riasati (2012) that found the topic of discussion is one of the factors that influence the ease of language use to a great extent.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 706,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Incomprehensible Input",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 720,
"width": 222,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This anxiety-provoking classroom situation derived from the data is rather unique and rarely discussed in previous research. In this study, the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "features of incomprehensible input that aggravate apprehension unanimously believed by the participants are pronunciation, teacher’s speech rate, fear of not being understood, and difficulties listening to a foreign language. What the participants expressed affirmed these difficulties; for instance, Skili stated, “I worry about pronunciation (351-352). I am bothered [„] the teacher won’t understand my meaning” (231).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 194,
"width": 222,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The participants conveyed fear of inappropriate and inaccurate articulation of words and expressions as indicated in this statement of Jack, “I worry about my pronunciation. My classmates and teachers won’t understand and not sure with what I say (797-798). If the teacher doesn’t understand me, it makes me nervous” (335- 336). The immediate effect of pronunciation on any communicative situation instigates tension among the participants of this study. It appears stressful when they are not understood since it brings pressure to improve pronunciation in an instant.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 360,
"width": 222,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Across all participants, the fear of not being understood amplifies apprehension, as indicated in this statement by Jerry: “I remember I asked a question to the teacher, and uh”, “When do we hand in the homework?” But he didn’t understand what I said. I said it again. He also didn’t get it. At that time, I feel [sic] so embarrassed, and uh, nervous. I think it’s not good (203-207). I feel [sic] not good. Uh, there are [sic] a lot of other students. They knew it. All of them knew. At that time, I felt nervous. I can hear the voice of my heart jumping in, jumping out. So it’s [„] uh, [right-hand holds chest]. It’s a terrible thing” (222-225).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 540,
"width": 222,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The rest of the participants also expressed feeling anxious about not being able to understand the teacher. Like the other participants, Kathy expressed having difficulties listening to the target language, “I felt scared. Uh, sometimes, I can’t follow them (317-318). When I can’t understand what the teacher is saying, I can’t keep up with them so I will feel anxiety” (674-676). The present study suggests that incomprehensible input aggravates anxiety and hampers the participants’ attempts to communicate and convey spoken messages in the target language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 706,
"width": 59,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Preparation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 720,
"width": 222,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The insufficient preparation time given to the participants before speaking depicts their feelings about the negative influence it does on their efforts",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 45,
"width": 260,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Qualitative Research , 2 (2), 173-182",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 767,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "178",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "to participate in any speaking tasks in their foreign language classes. Rebecca’s sentiment is echoed by the other five participants, “I do not like being asked to speak with little or no preparation at all. If a teacher does [sic] not give us some time to prepare, I do not know how to say anything” (285- 288). She detailed in her essay: “I will feel more nervous if we have no time to prepare. I need time to think about what to speak for my ideas. It makes me very restless because I need to think about what I will say and I don’t like [sic] losing face in my foreign language class”. [Participant’s Essay]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 236,
"width": 222,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evidently, during her oral interview that was observed, she displayed a certain level of restlessness as indicated by the scratching of her head quite a few times within that two-and-a-half- minute- impromptu speaking, looking at the ceiling, stuttering, and tripping over her tongue trying to explain her response to the question she picked from among the oral interview questions provided by her teacher. She attributed this discomfort and unsuccessful attempt to demonstrate a grasp of the topic at hand to the amount of time given before speaking. This condition frightens Jack, too, “I don’t like it because I will be nervous very much, and uh, cannot answer the questions very well” (204-206).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 443,
"width": 222,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "It appears that the participants value being given a reasonable amount of time to prepare if they are to put themselves out into any communicative situation. Previous studies show that when sufficient time and practice are given, moderate amounts of anxiety can produce positive results (MacIntyre & Gardner, 1994b; Tobias, 1986, as cited in Matsuda & Gobel, 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 554,
"width": 222,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The findings of this study suggest that the amount of time provided to the participants for any speaking tasks is critical. Owing to the immediacy of face-to-face communication, it can give rise to a stressful atmosphere for EFL learners and it also implies that the impact of insufficient preparation time provided before speaking activities aborts attempts to participate in any oral tasks.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 665,
"width": 222,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Interpersonal Evaluation and Criticism This overarching theme parallels Horwitz et al.’s (1986) fear of negative evaluation. In this study, interpersonal evaluation and criticism are characterized by the evaluation of peers and English language teachers and the negative evaluation of English language abilities. All six of them have an",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "intense fear of being evaluated while performing communication tasks. Jerry shared the extent of this fear of what other people in his foreign language classroom might think of him: “I find it hard when my teacher evaluates me. I fear others’ evaluation; it makes me feel tired and gives me some more pressure, but I can’t control not to do that” (581- 584). I am afraid of speaking English. When they see my face is shaking, I will feel more nervous because they look at me and my expression was terrible. They will know that I am not good. I have not prepared for this speech. And, uh, maybe they think I have not studied hard” (436-439).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 250,
"width": 222,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "For Jack, this fear of being negatively evaluated puts him in a situation he considers discouraging. Not only is he scared of hostile evaluation, but he is also frightened of being negatively criticized. For instance, he dreads teachers who keep saying, “„you should have learned this before” (665). The participant expressed that the fear increases as their foreign language teachers criticize their answers. They are terrified of being perceived as unsatisfactory, and such inauspicious evaluation causes them to believe that their teacher might criticize them as terrible learners who neither tried nor studied hard enough and might consequently be viewed by their classmates as no different.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 457,
"width": 222,
"height": 207,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The findings of this study are consistent with other studies that indicate that “„this fear can lead to increased anxiety and apprehension” (Richmond & McCroskey, 1998; Byrne, Flood), especially for these participants who have lived experience of the phenomenon of foreign language communication apprehension. In the study of Liu and Zhang (2013), the majority of the participants reported being apprehensive in English class, feared being negatively evaluated, and were anxious about both speaking and tests. The study suggests where an expectation of hostile evaluation of English language abilities from classmates and English language teachers breaks the surface, the intensity of the apprehension is much greater.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 665,
"width": 222,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Voluntary Speaking and Being Asked to Speaking voluntarily is inherent in a Sino- Foreign EFL classroom that stresses communicative approaches in target language teaching. All six participants fear being called upon and having to speak up in their foreign language classroom. Skili is scared of volunteering to speak and being asked",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 45,
"width": 260,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Qualitative Research , 2 (2), 173-182",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 767,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "179",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "to in her foreign language classroom: “When my teacher asks me questions, I’m very nervous and afraid (245). I feel terrified (298). I am uncomfortable giving my answer in class and giving my opinion about something because I don’t want to embarrass myself if my answer [clears throat] is wrong” (299-300).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 167,
"width": 222,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jerry, who doesn’t like volunteering, shares this feeling of Skili and relates it to the correctness of speech and accuracy of response: “To volunteer to answer the questions that the teacher asked, I felt nervous because I didn’t know what the teacher would ask me, and uh, maybe the answer I don’t know. I will feel nervous about it (414-417). I don’t know whether I can describe it clearly” (454).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 277,
"width": 222,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Not only is speaking voluntarily frightening for Jack, but he also shrinks from being asked to read in front of the class, “When the teacher asks me to read something with some difficult words I don’t know how to read, I feel very nervous and stressed” (399-403). Like the other participants, he only speaks up, “„because the teacher requires” (466), and responds when asked, “If the questions are easy, and I won’t if it’s difficult” (475-476), but “most of the time, I don’t” (483).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 416,
"width": 222,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Although previous studies such as that of Mak and White (1996) show that this classroom situation aggravates apprehension, this present study somewhat differs from where it arises from. In their study, the participants, Chinese ESL students in New Zealand, who feared voluntary speaking in class linked it to the importance placed upon by the learning context on listening in the learning process; however, in the present study, the participants related their anxiety in voluntary speaking and being asked to speak in English in their foreign language classrooms to not having a good grasp of the topic or question at hand, fear of appearing inept, and the inability to produce accurate responses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 624,
"width": 156,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Making Mistakes and Losing Face",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 637,
"width": 222,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This fear of making mistakes in front of other people makes the learner feel afraid and even terrified because it makes one appear foolish, tongue-tied, and silly in the eyes of students’ peers and others. Each time Jerry speaks in his foreign language class, he feels there is danger, “Standing in front of the class maybe I will say something wrong, and sometimes I can’t say anything (442- 444); I will feel nervous and embarrassed about my",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 372,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "terrible expression” (444-4450. He added, “Making mistakes makes me feel terrible, and I am afraid that the students and the teacher will think I am not good” (547-549). Rebecca feels the same way, “If I make mistakes, I think the teacher will think I am not a good student and thinks my English is very terrible” (357-358). This feeling of the participants not being viewed favorably is indicative of their fear of being refused positive affirmation. Not only do these participants dread being considered incompetent or, in their words, not good enough but also fear being poked fun at by others. Being laughed at or others making fun of them puts them in an embarrassing and humiliating situation, consequently, they lose face. The participants are terrified of losing face. Kathy recalled an embarrassing experience of making mistakes and being laughed at in her foreign language class: “In my EFL class, I had a speech about my favorite food. I, uh, my favorite food is steak but I said my favorite food is stick, so all my classmates laughed at me (543-546) even my teacher also laughed (546). After the class, my classmate helped me to know my mistake. And, at that time, I’m [sic] very helpless about it (547-549). I’m afraid of speaking because I’m afraid I will lose face if I make some mistakes” (598-599).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 443,
"width": 222,
"height": 276,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The study supports the findings of the investigation of Awan et al., (2010), which showed that speaking in front of others is rated as the main cause of anxiety, followed by worries about grammatical mistakes, pronunciation, and being unable to talk spontaneously. It further disclosed that the participants enrolled in English reading, listening, and speaking classes felt anxious and experienced fear of negative evaluation when it came to saying something in the target language because they were worried about making mistakes. Similarly, Tanveer’s (2007) study reported that the participants agreed that speaking in front of the whole class or in public caused anxiety for most of the learners, and they frequently expressed anxiety and panic because of the fear of committing mistakes or errors in front of others. As a result of the fear of making mistakes, some learners expressed that learning and speaking a foreign language in the classroom is always a problem.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 720,
"width": 222,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The findings in this context, Sino-Foreign Joint Venture, affirm that making mistakes as well as losing face hinders participants from taking part",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 45,
"width": 260,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Qualitative Research , 2 (2), 173-182",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 767,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "180",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "in any speaking situation for fear of running a risk of being labeled inept and not good enough and being ridiculed and its accompanying embarrassment and humiliation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 126,
"width": 222,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Classroom Oral Presentations This particular theme also parallels Horwitz et al.’s (1986) conceptualization of CA as one of the components of their original three-part model of language anxiety. Unanimously, the participants dread speaking in front of their teacher and classmates in their foreign language classroom. Of the numerous oral classroom activities required of them to perform, they fear impromptu speaking and memorized speech presentations the most.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 263,
"width": 222,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kathy narrates how she detests feeling terrified each time she thinks about standing up in front of the class. During her stimulated-recall interview, where she watched all her video-recorded memorized and impromptu speech presentations, she expressed, “I don’t like it, um, because this activity always makes me feel nervous. Um, I don’t like that emotion” (807-808).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 374,
"width": 222,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kathy’s apprehension reflects Skili’s. Her anxiety was observed during her video-recorded group business presentation, where she was seen hiding behind a fellow group member each time she was done delivering her turn in the business report presentation of her group. When asked, Skili explained, “I did because I was very, very nervous (474). I hope the speech will be finished soon” (477). “I kept looking at my watch because I wish the speech would be over soon” (480).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 512,
"width": 222,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Like Skili, John admitted he is no stranger to anxiety fears speech presentation since it takes place in a formal context. Calling himself back to that moment when he watched himself deliver his speeches from those clips of his video-recorded speech presentations in front of the class, John stated: “In the presentation, I feel nervous. My hands were in the same position, and I felt so nervous because I stand[sic] not straight. Sometimes I speak so fast, and I used some wrong words. (819-823). I feel anxious and nervous. Uh, I wore a suit and it was a formal presentation so everyone are [sic] listening to me, and I felt so scared” (825-827).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 706,
"width": 222,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In this study, oral classroom presentation in the classroom is highly anxiety-inducing. Speaking in front of the teacher and the students made all the participants even more nervous owing to their",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "apprehension of not being able to generate ideas within a limited time and failure to remember what had been prepared or rehearsed earlier. They find idea generation and sentence production laborious and frustrating, thus, any communication tasks before their teacher and classmates become limiting and, worse, debilitating.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 167,
"width": 222,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Oral Language Assessment and Rate of Recurrence",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 194,
"width": 222,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The data revealed that oral language assessment and its rate of recurrence provoked anxiety in all participants in their foreign language classrooms. The participants expressed apprehension days prior and on the day itself of any scheduled speaking tests in view of how they regard this particular classroom situation in the negative.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 291,
"width": 222,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "John dislikes and frets speaking test owing to the manner it is administered and their very nature of being a graded oral production in target language learning: “I don’t like speaking test because the test is formal. The test makes me nervous because after that I have a mark” (478-480). Like John, Jack worries too that it is a graded oral performance: “I am more nervous because it has a mark” (502-503). “When I have an upcoming test, I feel worried because it will make me feel stressed and nervous” (518-520). “Because it is marked, I will think it’s bad and maybe after the interview I will feel stressed” (554-555). “I’m afraid I cannot get a good mark” (559).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 485,
"width": 222,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Not only is Jack scared of receiving poor evaluations in his speaking tests, but he’s also anxious about the teacher’s speech rate during English oral examinations, which he believes hinders his grasp of subject matter, as evidenced by this experience he shared, “I remember the teacher spoke English so fast. I could not understand what the teacher talked about [„], so I answered the question wrong. I felt so embarrassed (536-539). It gave my teacher the wrong impression (547). I feel [sic] stressed (555).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 637,
"width": 222,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Participants consistently mentioned their opposition to frequent testing, another feature of this classroom situation in the foreign language classes they wished to reduce or regulated. This is a source of irrational panic for the participants. Skili’s statement reflects their sentiments: “When I have a speaking test, I’m worried about this very much (331). I worry about speaking in front a lot; a lot of tests in speaking give me fear” (350-351).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 45,
"width": 260,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Qualitative Research , 2 (2), 173-182",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 767,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "181",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The last aspect of this classroom situation the students view as anxiety-provoking is the ambiguity in test tasks and formats, as reflected in this statement of John, “I will be very worried if I don’t know what the interviewer will say and what we will do” (532-533).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 153,
"width": 223,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The findings of the study suggest that the participants experienced increased anxiety in a highly evaluative situation and suffered stress from oral language assessment and frequent testing and have somewhat developed a negative typecast about speaking tests and had an irrational perception of oral assessment in the English language classrooms.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 265,
"width": 58,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "C ONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 278,
"width": 222,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The study revealed eight classroom conditions that fuel participants’ communication apprehension. These situations that create possibilities or the likelihood of disclosing and uncovering their language deficiencies and limitations in front of their foreign language teacher and classmates are anticipated to exacerbate apprehension. The findings of this study also showed that the impact of this fear on the participants, when confronted with communication activities in their foreign language classroom, is severe.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 430,
"width": 222,
"height": 331,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Given the detrimental impact of foreign language communication apprehension on English language learning, English language teachers should recognize that communication apprehension hinders language learners’ success in foreign language communication. The teachers should also recognize that EFL classrooms or language classrooms could be an anxiety-provoking environment for learners as it is rather experienced as an evaluative than a communicative learning context. A situation that generates the likelihood of being laughed at and ridiculed and a situation that creates the possibility of exposing deficiencies in front of other people are anxiety-provoking for EFL learners in this learning environment. Language teachers could reduce the apprehension of the learners by encouraging them to speak English in the classroom even if mistakes are made because a classroom is a place for learning and communication and not where mistakes and language deficiencies are noticed. A non- threatening and supportive classroom environment through a language teacher’s helpful, cooperative, encouraging, and sympathetic behavior can lessen the influence of social and status differences",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "between the teachers and learners to a considerable extent, especially in a setting based on collectivism and hierarchical social relationships like China that place teachers in a position of authority.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 125,
"width": 222,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "It is hoped that the findings from this context will broaden the understanding of teachers and researchers into the discomfort and apprehension experienced by Chinese EFL students and contribute to helping the students communicate better, alleviate anxiety, and effectively direct and reposition learning strategies through the learning objectives and language targets.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 250,
"width": 60,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "R EFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 263,
"width": 222,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Awan, R.N., Azher, M., Anwar, M.N., & Naz, A. (2010). An investigation of foreign language classroom anxiety and its relationship with students’ achievement. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 7 (11), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v7i11.249 Byrne, M., Flood, B., & Shanahan, D. (2012). A qualitative exploration of oral communication apprehension. Accounting Education: An International Journal, 21 (6), 565-581. Creswell, J.W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 470,
"width": 223,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Genzola, A.E. (2010). Learner autonomy through weblogging: An ICT-mediated pedagogy in ELT. In A. Shafei (Ed.), Frontiers of language and teaching (pp. 4-19). Boca Raton: Universal-Publishers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 539,
"width": 223,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Horwitz, E.K., Horwitz, M.B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal , 70( 2), 125-132.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 581,
"width": 222,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hycner, R. H. (1985). Some guidelines for the phenomenological analysis of interview data.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 609,
"width": 222,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Human Studies , 8 , 279-303. Kruger, D. (1988). An introduction to phenomenological psychology (2nd ed.). South Africa: Juta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 664,
"width": 222,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Liu, M.H. (2006). Anxiety in EFL classrooms:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 678,
"width": 223,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Causes and consequences. TESL Reporter, 39 (1), 13-32. Liu, M.H. (2006). Anxiety in Chinese EFL students at different proficiency levels. System, 34 (3), 301-316.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 45,
"width": 260,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Qualitative Research , 2 (2), 173-182",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 767,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "182",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Liu, M.H. (2007, March). Chinese students’ motivation to learn English at the tertiary level. Asian EFL Journal, 9 (1), 126-146. Liu, M., & Huo, H. (2007, January). Computer assisted language learning (CALL) in China: Some common concerns. US-China Foreign Language , 5 (1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 167,
"width": 222,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Liu, M.H., & Zhang, X.M. (2013). An investigation of Chinese university students’ foreign language anxiety and English learning motivation. English Linguistics Research,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 222,
"width": 222,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 (1), 1-13.https://doi.org/10.5430/elr.v2n1p1 Mak, B.S.Y., & White, C. (1996). Communication apprehension of Chinese ESL students. Hong Kong Journals of Applied Linguistics , 2 (1), 81-95.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 291,
"width": 222,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Matsuda, S., & Gobel, P. (2004). Anxiety and predictors of performance in the foreign language classroom. System, 32 (1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2003.08.002 Merriam, S.B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (2nd ed.). CA: Jossey-Bass.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 388,
"width": 222,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riasati, M.J. (2012). EFL learners’ perception of factors influencing willingness to speak English in language classrooms: A qualitative study. World Applied Sciences",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 443,
"width": 222,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal, 17 (10), 1287-1297. Richmond, V., & McCroskey, J. (1998).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 471,
"width": 222,
"height": 262,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Communication apprehension, avoidance, and effectiveness, (5th ed.). MA: Allyn and Bacon. Schram, J. (2003). Conceptualizing qualitative inquiry . NJ: Merril Prentice Hall. Shanahan, D. (2011). Communication apprehension among business and accounting students [Master’s thesis, Dublin City University]. DORAS DCU. https://doras.dcu.ie/16071/ Tanveer, M. (2007). Investigation of the factors that cause language anxiety for ESL/EFL learners in learning speaking skills and the influence it casts on communication in the target language [Master’s thesis, University of Glasgow] . Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. London, ON: Althouse Press .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 734,
"width": 222,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wang, N. (2005). Beliefs about language learning and foreign language anxiety: A study of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 70,
"width": 222,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "university students learning English as a foreign language in mainland China [Master’s thesis, University of Victoria]. Xu, X., Wang, J., & Zhao, X. (2006). A case study of English online learning in the Chinese context. ThaiTESOL Bulletin, 19 (1), 12-24.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
0bda162a-30fc-39f7-5acc-da85449110d3 | http://jurnal.borneo.ac.id/index.php/borticalth/article/download/2257/1578 | [
{
"left": 120,
"top": 36,
"width": 359,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal of Borneo Holistic Health, Volume, 4 No 2. Desember 2021 hal 122-126 P ISSN 2621-9530 e ISSN 2621-9514",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 90,
"width": 402,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "GAMBARAN STATUS BAKTERI PADA INFEKSI LUKA KAKI DIABETIK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 138,
"width": 44,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Najihah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 161,
"width": 247,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurusan Keperawatan, Universitas Borneo Tarakan Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 214,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 234,
"width": 454,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Infeksi Luka Kaki Diabetik (LKD) merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang paling sering dan parah pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Mengidentifikasi infeksi merupakan salah satu bagian dalam penilaian luka kaki diabetis yang dapat dilakukan dengan menilai faktor resiko infeksi dan mempehatikan tanda dan gejala. Namun, untuk melakukan penilaian terhadap infeksi tidak hanya dengan memperhatikan tanda dan gejala kninis, hasil mikrobiologi juga diperlukan. Tes mikrobiologi ditentukan dengan memeriksa biopsi atau sekret purulen dengan melakukan swab pada permukaan luka. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan jumlah bakteri pada permukaan luka. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 53 luka yang diperoleh melalui teknik accidental sampling . Instrument yang digunakan yaitu kultur bakteri untuk mengetahui kolonisasi bakteri pada permukaan luka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata jumlah bakteri pada infeksi LKD 47.10 6 dan bakteri terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah proteus miriabilis (29.6%). Oleh karena itu, pasien DM dengan luka kaki perlu untuk diidentifikasi untuk kemungkinan adanya infeksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 380,
"width": 305,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : Diabetes Melitus, Infeksi, Luka Kaki Diabetik Status Bakteri,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 400,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 420,
"width": 454,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Description Of The Status Of Bacteria On Diabetic Foot Infection. Diabetic Foot Infection (DFI) is one of the most frequent and severe complications in people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Identifying infection is one part of the assessment of diabetic foot ulcers which can be done by assessing risk factors for infection and paying attention to signs and symptoms. However, to assess infection not only by paying attention to clinical signs and symptoms, microbiological results are also needed. Microbiological tests are determined by examining a biopsy or purulent discharge by swab the wound surface. The purpose of this study was to identify the type and number of bacteria on the wound surface. This research is an analytical survey research with a cross sectional study approach with a total sample of 53 wounds obtained through accidental sampling technique. The instrument used is bacterial culture to determine bacterial colonization on the wound surface. The results showed that the average number of bacteria in DFI was 47.106 and the most bacteria found was Proteus myriabilis (29.6%). Therefore, DM patients with foot ulcers need to be identified for possible infection.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 555,
"width": 322,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Bacterial Status, Infection, Diabetic Foot Ulcers, Diabetes Mellitus",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 36,
"width": 300,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Najihah, Gambaran Status Bakteri Pada Infeksi Luka Kaki Diabetik",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "123",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 73,
"width": 79,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 98,
"width": 211,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diabetes Mellitus (DM) secara global merupakan salah satu keadaan darurat kesehatan terbesar sejak abad ke-21. Setiap tahun semakin banyak orang hidup dengan kondisi ini, yang dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi yang mengubah hidup (IDF,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 222,
"width": 210,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2015). Pasien dengan DM berisiko tinggi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 243,
"width": 211,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "memperoleh penyakit komplikasi karena adanya gangguan toleransi Glukosa yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan berbagai sistem tubuh terutana saraf dan pembuluh darah,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 354,
"width": 211,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salah satu komplikasi DM adalah Luka kaki diabetes (LKD) yang disebabkan oleh neuropati dan PAD. Peningkatan risiko terjadinya LKD dapat menyebabkan penyembuhan luka yang tertunda sehingga meningkatkan risiko komplikasi lebih lanjut (Alavi, Sibbald, Mayer, & Goodman,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 499,
"width": 211,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2014). Sekitar 25% penderita DM berisiko untuk terjadi LKD. Di Inggris, komplikasi pada kaki menunjukkan angka 20% dari total pelayanan kesehatan pada perawatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 582,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DM (Wounds International, 2013).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 603,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prevalensi LKD di seluruh dunia 6.3%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 623,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dimana prevalensi tertinggi di Amerika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 644,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13.0% dan terendah di Ocean 3.0%",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 665,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sedangkan di Asia 5.5% (Zhang, et al.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 686,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2016). Di wilayah Indonesia timur sendiri",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 706,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "55.4% penderita DM berisiko megalami",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 727,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LKD dan 12% dengan LKD (Yusuf, et al.,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 748,
"width": 37,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 73,
"width": 211,
"height": 302,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Infeksi adalah ancaman utama bagi LKD dan jauh lebih parah daripada luka dengan etiologi lainnya. Infeksi LKD merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang paling sering dan parah pada individu dengan DM. Sekitar 56% dari LKD terinfeksi dan secara keseluruhan sekitar 20% dari pasien dengan luka kaki yang terinfeksi akan menjalani amputasi tungkai bawah (Wounds International, 2013). Lebih dari 50% LKD berkembang menjadi infeksi, dan meningkatkan 10 kali lipat resiko untuk dirawat dengan dengan infeksi tulang/ jaringan lunak dibanding dengan individu tanpa DM (Alavi, Sibbald, Mayer,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 383,
"width": 211,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "& Goodman, 2014). Selain itu, hampir 1 dari 6 pasien dengan infeksi LKD meninggal dalam waktu 1 tahun akibat infeksi yang diderita dan adanya infeksi meningkatkan risiko amputasi minor sebesar 50% dibandingkan dengan penderita luka tanpa infeksi (Hobizal &",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 528,
"width": 210,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wukich, 2012). Di Amerika pada tahun 2010 dilaporkan bahwa insiden kejadian Infeksi LKD yaitu 1.1/100 penderita DM (Duhon, Hand, Howell, & Reveles, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 619,
"width": 211,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di Indonesia, salah satu penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 98.8% pasien LKD menderita Infeksi (Pemayun, Naibaho, Novitasari, Amin, & Minuljo, 2015). Sehingga setiap pasien DM dengan luka kaki harus dinilai untuk kemungkinan adanya infeksi (Lipsky, et al., 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 36,
"width": 300,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Najihah, Gambaran Status Bakteri Pada Infeksi Luka Kaki Diabetik",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "124",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 73,
"width": 211,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengidentifikasi infeksi merupakan salah satu bagian dalam penilaian luka kaki diabetis yang dapat dilakukan dengan menilai faktor resiko infeksi dan mempehatikan tanda dan gejala. Namun untuk melakukan penilaian terhadap infeksi tidak hanya dengan memperhatikan tanda dan gejala kninis, hasil mikrobiologi juga diperlukan (Wounds International, 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 259,
"width": 211,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tes mikrobiologi ditentukan dengan memeriksa biopsi atau sekret purulen dengan melakukan swab pada permukaan luka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 350,
"width": 45,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 382,
"width": 211,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study . Penentuan sampel dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 73,
"width": 211,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penelitian ini menggunakan teknik non probability sampling dengan pendekatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 114,
"width": 211,
"height": 220,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accidental Sampling . Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 53 luka dari 41 penderita DM. Mengidentifikasi derajat infeksi dengan mengisi lembar observasi infeksi luka kaki diabetik. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi untuk megidentifikasi derajat infeksi serta melakukan pemeriksaan kultur bakteri untuk mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri dan jumlah bakteri pada permukaan luka. Data dianalis dengan menggunakan analisis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 342,
"width": 210,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "statistik deskriptif. Rekomendasi persetujuan etik penelitian ini telah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 383,
"width": 210,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dikeluarkan pada tanggal 8 Mei 2017 dengan Nomor: 281/ H4. 8. 4. 5. 31/ PP36- KOMETIK/ 2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 453,
"width": 38,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 478,
"width": 234,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel.1 Status bakteri berdasarkan status infeksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 501,
"width": 470,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel Status Infeksi Total Tidak Ya n=25 % n=28 % n=53 % Jumlah Bakteri (Mean, ±SD) 2038079 1 (20.10 6 ) 52129541 (52.10 6 ) 47622481 (47.10 6 ) 11068051 3 (11.10 7 ) 34802862 (34.10 6 ) 88372171 (88.10 6 ) Jenis Bakteri Klabsiella Sp",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 616,
"width": 34,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E. Coli",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 629,
"width": 89,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proteus Miriabialis",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 603,
"width": 455,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proteus Vulgaris Providencia Stuarti Providencia Alkalifaesan Enterobacter Aglumerans Alkaligenesis Faecalis Pseudomonas Aerofenesa Stapylococcus Aureus 3 3 2 6 0 1 2 2 4 1 12.5 12.5 8.3 25.0 0.0 4.2 8.3 8.3 16.7 4.2 4 4 8 3 2 2 1 2 1 0 14.8 14.8 29.6 11.1 7.4 7.4 3.7 7.4 3.7 0.0 7 7 10 9 2 3 3 4 5 1 13.7 13.7 19.6 17.6 3.9 5.9 5.9 7.8 9.8 2.0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 36,
"width": 300,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Najihah, Gambaran Status Bakteri Pada Infeksi Luka Kaki Diabetik",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "125",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 73,
"width": 211,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 menunjukkan analisis status bakteri pada luka kaki diabetik. Dari tabel dapat dilihat bahwa rerata jumlah bakteri pada LKD yaitu 34.10 6 dan pada luka dengan infeksi yaitu 47.10 6 . Jenis bakteri yang ditemukan pada LKD ada 10 jenis, bakteri terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah proteus miriabilis (19.6%), proteus vulgaris (17.6%), klabsiella Sp (13.7%) dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 259,
"width": 211,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E. Coli (13.7%). Untuk infeksi LKD, bakteri terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah proteus miriabilis (29.6%),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 330,
"width": 83,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 361,
"width": 183,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 382,
"width": 211,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ditemukan bahwa rerata jumlah bakteri pada LKD yaitu 34.10 6 , dan rerata jumlah bakteri pada infeksi LKD yaitu 47.10 6 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 444,
"width": 211,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil ini didukung oleh penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa jumlah bakteri ≥10 5 ditemukan pada 79% luka yang terinfeksi (Mosti, Magliaro, Mattaliano, &",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 527,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anggelotti, 2015). Tingginya jumlah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 547,
"width": 211,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bakteri yang didefenisikan ≥10 5 menjadi dasar dan dianggap penting untuk mendeteksi infeksi luka kronis. (Gardner,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 610,
"width": 211,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hillis, & Frantz, 2009) dan klinisi menyepakati bahwa tingkat pertumbuhan bakteri ≥10 5 dapat digunakan untuk mendiagnosis infeksi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 701,
"width": 211,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika dilihat dari jenis bakteri yang ditemukan pada infeksi LKD, ada 10 jenis bakteri. Jenis bakteri terbanyak pada infeksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 73,
"width": 211,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LKD adalah Proteus Mirabilis yaitu 29.6%, kemudian E. Coli dan Klabsiella Sp masing-masing 14.8%. Proteus Mirabialis ditemukan 29.6% pada luka dengan infeksi. Hasil yang hampir sama juga ditemukan pada penelitian sebelumnya yang melaporkan bahwa jenis bakteri yang banyak ditemukan dalam pus ulkus diabetikum adalah Staphyloccocus sp",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 259,
"width": 207,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(92.9%), Klebsiella sp (75.4%), Proteus sp",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 280,
"width": 207,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(73.7%), Shigella sp (68.4%), E. Coli sp",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 300,
"width": 210,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(42.1%), dan Pseudomonas sp (10.5%)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 321,
"width": 211,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Nur & Marisa, 2016). Pada penelitian lainnya ditemukan jenis bakteri terbanyak pada infeksi LKD adalah E. Coli yaitu sebanyak 21.2%, dimana didapatkan pada",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 404,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16.1% pada derajat 3 PEDIS dan 32.5%",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 424,
"width": 214,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pada derajat 4 PEDIS (Rinaldo, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 445,
"width": 211,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada kultur luka dengan infeksi, bakteri yang ditemukan biasanya bersifat polimikroba gabungan antara coccus gram positif dan rods gram negative (misalnya Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella ) (Peters & Lipsky. 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 578,
"width": 76,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 610,
"width": 211,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jumlah bakteri rata-rata pada Infeksi LKD yaitu 47.10 6 , sedangkan jenis bakteri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 651,
"width": 210,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terbanyak pada Infeksi LKD adalah Proteus mirabilis (29.6%). Oleh karena itu, pasien",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 692,
"width": 211,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DM dengan luka kaki perlu untuk diidentifikasi untuk kemungkinan adanya infeksi dengan menilai tanda objektif yaitu status bakteri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 36,
"width": 300,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Najihah, Gambaran Status Bakteri Pada Infeksi Luka Kaki Diabetik",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "126",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 73,
"width": 64,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Referensi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 116,
"width": 211,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alavi, A., Sibbald, R. G., Mayer, D., & Goodman, L. (2014). Diabetic foot ulcers; Part II. Management. J Am Acad Dermatol , 21e1-21e24.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 171,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Duhon, B. M., Hand, E. O., Howell, C. K.,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 185,
"width": 211,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "& Reveles, K. R. (2015). Retrospective cohort study evaluating the incidence of diabetic foot infections among hospitalized adults with diabetes in the United States from 1996-2010. American Journal of Infection Control , 1-4 Gardner, S. E., Hillis, S. L., & Frantz, R. A. (2009). Clinical Signs of Infection in Diabetic Foot Ulcers with High Microbial Load. Biol Res Nurs, 119- 128.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 351,
"width": 211,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hobizal, K. B., & Wukich, a. D. (2012). Diabetic foot infections: current concept review. Diabetic Foot & Ankle , 1-8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 406,
"width": 211,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lipsky, B. A., Peters, E. J., Berendt, A. R., Senneville, E., Bakker, K., Embil, J.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 434,
"width": 175,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "M., et al. (2012). IWGDF GUIDELINES; Specific guidelines for the treatment of diabetic foot infections 2011. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews , 234 – 235.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 516,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mosti, G., Magliaro, A., Mattaliano, V., &",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 530,
"width": 182,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anggelotti, N. (2015). Comparative study of two antimicrobial dressings in infected leg ulcers: a pilot study. Journal Of Wound Care, 1-6.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 585,
"width": 211,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nur, A., & Marisa, N. (2016). Gambaran Bakteri Ulkus Diabetikum di Rumah Sakit Zainal Abidin dan Meuraxa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 73,
"width": 182,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahun 2015. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 187-196.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 100,
"width": 211,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemayun, T. G., Naibaho, R. M., Novitasari, D., Amin, N., & Minuljo, T. T. (2015). Risk factors for lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a hospital-based case – control study. Diabetic Foot & Ankle , 1-13. Peters, E. J., & Lipsky, B. A. (2013). Diagnosis and Management of Infection in the Diabetic Foot.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 238,
"width": 175,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Medical Clinics of North America ,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 252,
"width": 46,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "911-946.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 266,
"width": 211,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rinaldo, C. (2017). Hubungan antara pola kuman dengan infeksi kaki diabetik berdasarkan derajat pedis di rsup dr. kariadi semarang. Dipetik Agustus 3, 2017, dari eprints.undip.ac.id: http://eprints.undip.ac.id/54336/1/Ch ristiawan_Rinaldo.pdf.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 362,
"width": 211,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wounds International. (2013). Best practice guidelines. Wound management in diabetic foot ulcer, hal. 1-27.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 404,
"width": 211,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Xie, T., Lu, S., & Mani, R. (2010). Diabetic Foot Infection in the World; We Need Ways Forward. The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 459,
"width": 22,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3-5.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 473,
"width": 211,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yusuf, S., Okuwa, M., Irwan, M., Rassa, S., Laitung, B., Thalib, A., et al. (2016). Prevalence and Risk Factor of Ulcers in a Regional Hospital, Eastern Indonesia. Open Journal of Nursing , 1-10.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 556,
"width": 211,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zhang, P., Lu, J., Jing, Y., Tang, S., Zhu, D., & Bi, Y. (2016). Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Medicine , 106-116.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
1dc940cf-046f-77be-c78b-ef075ed437a9 | https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce/article/download/10184/5356 | [
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 88,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemodelan Sebaran Sedimen Dasar di Perairan Pelabuhan Branta Pamekasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 112,
"width": 368,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salman Asatidz 1 *, Alfi Satriadi 1 , Aris Ismanto 1 , Heryoso Setiyono 1 , Purwanto 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 136,
"width": 372,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Departemen Oseanografi Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro. Jl. Prof. H. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang Semarang, 50275 Telp/fax (024) 747 4698",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 160,
"width": 157,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Email: *[email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 186,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 211,
"width": 457,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelabuhan Branta, Pamekasan merupakan salah satu pintu gerbang ekonomi di Pulau Madura, sebagai tempat penghubung perpindahan barang kebutuhan pokok dari Probolinggo maupun sebaliknya. Pelabuhan ini juga digunakan sebagai sarana penunjang kegiatan perikanan tangkap di perairan selatan Kabupaten Pamekasan. Faktor keselamatan kapal dalam melakukan kegiatan di pelabuhan terhadap pendangkalan dalam area pelabuhan yang diakibatkan oleh sedimentasi perlu diperhatikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sebaran sedimen dasar dan perubahan dasar perairan berdasarkan hasil model. Pemodelan untuk mengetahui perubahan dasar perairan dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak MIKE21 modul Sand Transport dengan memasukkan data-data hasil survei lapangan seperti batimetri, pasang surut, arus, gelombang, debit sungai dan karakteristik sedimen dasar. Pemodelan dilakukan selama 31 hari (Oktober 2019 ). Analisa ukuran butir didapatkan bahwa sedimen dasar di Perairan Pelabuhan Branta berupa pasir, lanau pasiran dan lanau. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan terjadi sedimentasi pada perairanh dekat pantai sebesar 0,0008 m – 0,02 m, dan terjadi erosi pada daerah laut sebesar 0,0023 m.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 370,
"width": 307,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : Sedimen dasar, pemodelan, Perairan Pelabuhan Branta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 394,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 420,
"width": 414,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Modeling of Bed Sediment Distibution In the Port of Branta, Pamekasan Territorial Water",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 445,
"width": 456,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The port of Branta, Pamekasan is one of the economic gateways on Madura Island, as a place to connect the movement of basic necessities from Probolinggo or vice versa. This port is also used as a means of supporting fishing technology activities in the southern waters of Pamekasan Regency . The safety of ship activities in the port against silting in the port area caused by sedimentation needs to be considered. The purpose of this study is to identify the bed sediment and bed level change based on the result of the model. Modelling to determine bed level change was using the MIKE21 Software Sand Transport module with parameters frol field survey such as bathymetry, tides, current, wave, river flow and bed sediment characteristics. Modelling time is set for 31 dyas (October 2019). Analysis of the bed sedimentary grain size found that bed sediment in the waters of the port of branta are sand, sandy silt and silt. Modeling result show that there is sedimentation in the nearshore area of 0.004- 0.02 m, and erosion of the sea area of 0.0023 m.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 573,
"width": 291,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Sediment, Modelling, Port of Branta territorial water",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 608,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 621,
"width": 456,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelabuhan Branta merupakan pelabuhan regional yang berada di wilayah administrasi Kabupaten Pamekasan, Madura, dikelola oleh Unit Penyelenggara Pelabuhan (UPP) Kelas III Branta. Pelabuhan Branta saat ini digunakan untuk angkutan barang dan belum melayani penumpang umum. Pengembangan fasilitas pokok pelabuhan yang dilakukan pada tahun 2013-2014 membuat Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur mengupayakan untuk membuka angkutan penumpang rute Probolinggo-Branta- Banyuwangi. Pelabuhan ini dimanfaatkan oleh kapal nelayan sebagai pelabuhan sandar dalam kegiatan bongkar muat hasil tangkapan ikan dengan pengawasan dari pegawai UPP Branta (Abdurrahman dan Latief, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Witantono dan Khomsin (2015), pemeliharaan perairan pelabuhan perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin keamanan dan keselamatan kapal dalam melakukan kegiatan bongkar muat di pelabuhan. Pemeliharaan tersebut diantaranya yaitu pemantauan proses sedimentasi yang dapat menyebabkan pendangkalan pada alur pelayaran. Pendangkalan ini dapat menyebabkan kandasnya kapal ataupun kecelakaan yang mengakibatkan terhambatnya mobilitas kapal dalam melakukan kegiatan di pelabuhan. Pemeliharaan dasar perairan pada perairan pelabuhan dibutuhkan untuk menunjang pengelolaan maupun rencana pengembangan pelabuhan (Triatmodjo, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 176,
"width": 456,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses sedimentasi/erosi di Perairan Pelabuhan Branta tidak terlepas dari adanya bangunan pantai seperti dermaga pelabuhan, breakwater dan jetty di daerah pelabuhan. Bangunan pantai yang menjorok ke laut tersebut dapat mengganggu keseimbangan transportasi sedimen yang terjadi pada perairan di sekitar bangunan pantai. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya sedimentasi maupun erosi pada perairan di sekitarnya (Diposaptono, 2011). Menurut Karsono (2019), sedimentasi dan erosi yang terjadi pada suatu perairan merupakan dampak yang ditimbulkan dari proses transport sedimen yang berlangsung secara terus-menerus pada perairan tersebut. Proses transport sedimen terjadi dikarenakan faktor hidro- oseanografi seperti arus, pasang surut dan gelombang, juga dapat diakibatkan oleh adanya sirkulasi arus dari pasang surut (Satriadi, 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 290,
"width": 456,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ismanto, et al (2017) menyebutkan bahwa pola transport sedimen yang terjadi pada perairan dapat dipengaruhi oleh pola pasang surut. Pasang surut pada perairan dapat membangkitkan arus, arus ini dinamakan dengan arus pasang surut. Arus ini mengakibatkan terjadinya sirkulasi massa air yang dapat membawa material sedimen pada dasar perairan. Pergerakan sedimen tersebut berkaitan dengan kecepatan arus dan ukuran butir sedimen. Kecepatan arus yang dibutuhkan untuk mengangkut partikel sedimen berbanding lurus dengan ukuran butir sedimen, semakin besar ukuran butir sedimen maka semakin besar pula kecepatan arus yang dibutuhkan untuk dapat mengangkut material sedimen (Simatupang, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 391,
"width": 456,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perpindahan sedimen tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh arus, faktor oseanografi yang juga berpengaruh adalah gelombang. Gelombang yang menuju pantai akan pecah pada perairan dangkal karena perubahan kedalaman. Gelombang pecah ini akan mengaduk sedimen pantai sehingga terjadi perpindahan sedimen dasar. Perpindahan sedimen yang berlangsung terus menerus akan menyebabkan terjadinya sedimentasi atau erosi pada suatu perairan (Astuti et al ., 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 455,
"width": 456,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kajian mengenai perubahan dasar perairan sudah banyak dilakukan. Informasi mengenai perubahan dasar perairan akibat pembangunan di suatu wilayah penting dilakukan. Hal ini untuk mengetahui dampak dari pembangunan terhadap perubahan kontur dasar perairan. Informasi ini dapat digunakan menjadi bahan informasi bagi pengelola pelabuhan dalam mengambil keputusan masalah manajemen dan pengelolaan wilayah pantai. Perubahan dasar perairan ( bed level change ) dapat ditinjau menggunakan line series , tetapi akan lebih baik jika dapat mengetahui perubahan secara area (Fahmi, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 543,
"width": 456,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian diatas, maka diperlukan kajian dan analisa pola transport sedimen dasar melalui pemodelan, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses transport sedimen diantaranya yaitu arus dan gelombang. Pemodelan transport sedimen dasar ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan dasar perairan ( bed level change ) secara area yang terjadi di Perairan Pelabuhan Branta, Pamekasan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 606,
"width": 126,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MATERI DAN METODE Materi Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 632,
"width": 457,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer yaitu data arus, data gelombang, data pasang surut, data debit sungai, dan data sedimen dasar yang diperoleh secara langsung dengan survei lapangan. Data sekunder penelitian meliputi data angin dari ERA5 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) dan Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia Skala 1:25000 tahun 2019 dari Badan Informasi Geospasial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 85,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 100,
"width": 456,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode kuantitatif yang merupakan suatu cara untuk memperoleh data berupa angka-angka dan analisis data dengan pendekatan statistik guna tujuan tertentu secara ilmiah. Metode kuantitatif dalam penelitian ini akan diperoleh data arus dan gelombang dengan menggunakan ADCP, data kedalaman diperoleh dari pemeruman dengan menggunakan singlebeam echosounder , data pengukuran pasang surut dengan logger pasut, data debit sungai dengan menggunakan current meter serta data sedimen dasar dengan grab sampler . Data penunjang dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan melakukan pengunduhan data melalui website resmi, diantaranya yaitu www.tanahairindonesia.com untuk perolehan data Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia, kemudian data angin diperoleh dari www.cds.climate.copernicus.eu .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 214,
"width": 456,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengambilan data primer pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling , dengan pengambilan sampel berdasarkan pertimbangan tertentu. Pengambilan data sedimen dasar dilakukan sebanyak 19 stasiun yang ditampilkan pada gambar 1. Pertimbangan stasiun 1 mewakili sedimen yang berasal dari sungai; stasiun 2 mewakili muara sungai; stasiun 3,5 mewakili kolam pelabuhan, stasiun 4, 6, 7 mewakili bagian pantai; sedimen 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 mewakili bagian perairan dangkal, stasiun 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, dan stasiun 19 mewakili bagian lepas pantai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 529,
"width": 154,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Peta Lokasi Penelitian",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 554,
"width": 457,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengolahan data pasang surut dengan menggunakan metode admiralty, sehingga didapatkan nilai komponen-komponen pasang surut yaitu S 0 , M 2 , S 2 , K 2 , N 2 , K 1 , P 1 , O 1 , dan MS 4. Komponen tersebut digunakan untuk menghitung bilangan Formzahl sehingga diketahui tipe pasang surut, juga untuk mengetahui nilai kedudukan muka air yang selanjutnya digunakan sebagai koreksi nilai batimetri lapangan. Data batimetri yang telah terkoreksi dengan pasang surut kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan ArcGIS 10.3 untuk mendapatkan peta kontur kedalaman. Sampel sedimen dasar dianalisis ukuran butirnya dengan menggunakan metode Buchanan (1984) yaitu melakukan pengayakan dan pemipetan sampel sedimen. Hasil analisa diplotkan pada sieve graph dan penamaan jenis sedimen menggunakan segitiga shepard .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 669,
"width": 457,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simulasi pemodelan arus dilakukan menggunakan software MIKE21 Flow Model FM dengan menggunakan parameter yaitu pasang surut, angin dan batimetri. Simulasi pemodelan gelombang menggunakan software MIKE21 Spectral Wave dengan menggunakan data area series dari hasil pemodelan arus, dan data gelombang hasil peramalan. Hasil pemodelan arus dan gelombang kemudian diolah dengan perangkat lunak ArcGIS 10.3 untuk pembuatan layout peta. Simulasi perubahan dasar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "perairan menggunakan modul Sand Transport , dengan parameter hasil pemodelan arus dan gelombang, debit sungai, data ukuran butir sedimen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 126,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Validasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 138,
"width": 456,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Validasi model pada penelitian ini menggunakan validasi RMS yang dapat digunakan untuk menunjukkan kecocoka dua jenis data yaitu antara data model dengan data lapangan (Ismanto et al ., 2019). RMS adalah salah satu metode verifikasi untuk mengevaluasi teknik peramalan yang digunakan guna mengukur tingkat akurasi hasil prakiraan suatu model yang sudah dibuat (Makridakis dan Wheelwright, 1999). Persamaan menghitung RMS adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 240,
"top": 206,
"width": 115,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸 = √ ∑ (𝑥 𝑚 − 𝑥 𝑒 ) 2 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 237,
"width": 57,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 259,
"width": 177,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RMS : Nilai Root Mean Square Error 𝑥 𝑚 : Data Awal (Data Sebenarnya)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 284,
"width": 191,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑥 𝑒 : Data Akhir (Data Hasil Estimasi) N : Jumlah Data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 332,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 345,
"width": 456,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data pasang surut diolah menggunakan metode Admiralty untuk mendapatkan nilai amplitude (A) dan beda fase (g o ) dari komponen pasang surut yang disajikan pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 386,
"width": 150,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Komponen pasang surut",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 408,
"width": 381,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "S0 M2 S2 N2 K1 O1 M4 MS4 K2 P1 cm 223 12 9 22 13 9 0,2 0,1 2 4 g o 216 322 184 309 166 254 185 322 309",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 480,
"width": 456,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komponen pasang surut tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tipe pasang surut dengan melakukan perhitungan nilai formzahl. Nilai formzahl yang didapatkan yaitu sebesar 1,01, nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa tipe pasang surut pada Perairan Branta, Pamekasan yaitu tipe pasang surut campuran condong ganda. Tipe pasang surut ini ditandai dengan terjadinya dua kali pasang dalam sehari dengan interval yang berbeda seperti ditunjukkan pada Gambar 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 708,
"width": 446,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Grafik pasang surut di Perairan Pelabuhan Branta, Pamekasan pada 4 – 19 Oktober 2019",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data Arus pada penelitian ini didapatkan dari pengukuran secara langsung pada 4-7 Oktober 2019 dengan menggunakan ADCP Argonaut SonTek XR . Dari hasil current rose yang disajikan pada gambar 3 didapatkan bahwa arah arus yang terjadi di perairan pelabuhan branta dominan bergerak dari arah barat laut dan dari arah tenggara dengan kecepatan arus dominan yaitu 0,10 – 0,12 m/s.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 285,
"width": 303,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(a) (b) (c)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 298,
"width": 428,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Current Rose Kecepatan dan Arah Arus pada kedalaman : (a) Dasar; (b) Tengah; (c) Permukaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 487,
"width": 227,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Tinggi Gelombang Lapangan",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 204,
"top": 659,
"width": 190,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Periode Gelombang Lapangan",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 694,
"width": 457,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran gelombang dengan menggunakan ADCP pada tanggal 4 Oktober 2019 – 7 Oktober 2019 pada Perairan Pelabuhan Branta, didapatkan tinggi gelombang yang cukup bervariasi berkisar 0,001 meter hingga 0,4 meter. Tinggi gelombang dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "rentang tersebut tergolong kecil karena dibawah 1 meter. Hal ini dikarenakan Perairan Pelabuhan Branta terletak pada Selat Madura yang tertutup. Sedangkan periode gelombang berkisar antara 4 detik – 6 detik. Berdasarkan Rahayu (2000) menyatakan gelombang dengan periode 0,2 – 9 detik merupakan gelombang yang ditimbulkan oleh adanya pengaruh angin sehingga disebut dengan gelombang angin ( wind waves ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan analisis ukuran butir pada sedimen dasar Perairan Pelabuhan Branta didapatkan presentasi kandungan ukuran butir sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 192,
"width": 179,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Analisa Ukuran Butir Sedimen",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 217,
"width": 448,
"height": 325,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Stasiun Longitude Latitude Kandungan (%) Jenis Sedimen Pasir Lanau Lempung 1 113°27'10,7208\"E 7°13'12,3276\"S 13,40 85,67 0,94 Lanau 2 113°27'7,6716\" E 7°13'21,252\" S 96,92 2,50 0,58 Pasir 3 113°27'4,4312\" E 7°13'28,342\" S 96,40 2,61 0,99 Pasir 4 113°27'28,5696\"E 7°13'29,7732\"S 94,40 5,60 1,32 Pasir 5 113°26'51,7344\"E 7°13'24,7764\"S 95,73 3,09 1,19 Pasir 6 113°26'34,5264\"E 7°13'25,0464\"S 96,62 2,57 0,81 Pasir 7 113°26'16,1304\"E 7°13'24,8664\"S 93,18 6,81 0,01 Pasir 8 113°26'10,932\" E 7°13'43,5432\"S 86,90 9,70 3,41 Pasir 9 113°26'34,0656\"E 7°13'43,4208\"S 19,10 78,49 2,41 Lanau 10 113°26'52,1988\"E 7°13'46,6608\"S 78,09 20,16 1,75 Pasir 11 113°27'17,0028\"E 7°13'46,5276\"S 82,41 14,69 2,90 Pasir 12 113°27'38,0412\"E 7°13'43,4568\"S 63,14 34,56 2,29 Pasir Lanauan 13 113°27'38,2932\"E 7°14'5,8956\" S 17,26 82,72 0,02 Lanau 14 113°27'13,482\" E 7°14'5,4744\" S 15,75 84,16 0,09 Lanau 15 113°26'48,6996\"E 7°14'9,2256\" S 14,34 84,88 0,78 Lanau 16 113°26'21,6348\"E 7°14'4,362\" S 16,41 83,07 0,52 Lanau 17 113°26'28,7628\"E 7°14'33,8244\"S 7,45 92,49 0,06 Lanau 18 113°27'7,182\" E 7°14'25,8252\"S 10,39 89,03 0,58 Lanau 19 113°27'21,2112\"E 7°14'42,7272\"S 8,01 91,97 0,02 Lanau",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 559,
"width": 456,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Persentase ukuran butir sedimen tersebut kemudian diolah dengan ArcGIS 10.3 untuk mengetahui persebaran jenis sedimen pada Perairan Pelabuhan Branta, Pamekasan. Pengambilan sampel sedimen dilakukan pada berbagai kedalaman. Kedalaman perairan yang telah terkoreksi dengan pasang surut menunjukkan bahwa Perairan Pelabuhan Branta memiliki kedalaman yang akan semakin dalam ketika menjauhi pantai hingga kedalaman 29 meter seperti disajikan pada gambar 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 627,
"width": 456,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Validasi pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Root Mean Square (RMS). Metode ini digunakan untuk mengetahui akurasi hasil prakiraan model yang dibuat dengan data yang sebenarnya. Berdasarkan perhitungan metode RMS didapatkan nilai verifikasi kecepatan arus yaitu 0,1. Menurut Minarrohman dan Pratomo (2017), jika hasil verifikasi arus menunjukan RMS<1 dan mendekati 0 maka hasil pemodelan arus yang dijalankan adalah baik dan valid. Sehingga data hasil pemodelan dapat dianalisa lebih lanjut. Validasi pada data gelombang didapatkan nilai RMSE sebesar 0,13. Nilai tersebut berada dalam rentang 0,00 – 0,29, yang menunjukkan tingkat kesalahan tergolong kecil. Hal ini mengacu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pada Khofifah (2012) yang menyatakan bahwa rentang nilai RMSE 0,00 – 0,29 tergolong kedalam tingkat kesalahan kecil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 379,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Peta Persebaran Jenis Sedimen",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 406,
"width": 456,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemodelan pola arus disajikan dalam kondisi arus pada saat pasang tertinggi, saat pasang menuju surut, saat surut terendah dan saat surut menuju pasang yang disajikan pada gambar 7. Hasil pemodelan arus pada saat pasang tertinggi dan saat surut menuju pasang menunjukkan vektor arus dominan menuju ke arah timur dan barat dengan mendekati daerah daratan. Kecepatan arus maksimum pada saat pasang tertinggi dan saat surut menuju pasang berturut-turut yaitu 0,1366 m/s dan 0,2645 m/s. Sedangkan saat kondisi surut terendah dan saat pasang menuju surut, vektor arus dominan menuju tenggara yang berarti menunjukkan arus menuju ke arah laut. Kecepatan arus maksimum pada saat surut terendah dan pasang menuju surut secara berturut-turut yaitu 0,1977 m/s dan 0,4087 m/s.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 507,
"width": 456,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bangunan pantai yang terdapat pada Pelabuhan Branta terdiri dari 3 bangunan. Bangunan tersebut yaitu jetty pada muara sungai, bangunan pelindung kolam pelabuhan dan dermaga yang menyerupai berbentuk T. Setengah bagian dari dermaga tersebut yang menjorok ke laut dibangun dengan menggunakan tiang pancang. Hal ini mengakibatkan arus dapat melalui celah dari tiang pancang tersebut, sehingga tidak banyak mempengaruhi pergerakan arus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 570,
"width": 456,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pemodelan gelombang yang didapatkan berupa tinggi gelombang dan arah datang gelombang. Arah penjalaran gelombang pada hasil pemodelan menunjukkan adanya pembelokan dengan perubahan arah yang sangat kecil, dengan arah datang gelombang pada laut sebesar 181 o -183 o menjadi 170 o – 177 o pada daerah dekat pantai. Perubahan arah penjalaran ini terjadi akibat adanya variasi kedalaman selama penjalaran gelombang menuju pantai. Variasi kedalaman pada Perairan Pelabuhan Branta, selain mempengaruhi arah penjalaran gelombang juga mempengaruhi tinggi gelombang. Tinggi gelombang pada hasil pemodelan mengalami penurunan, pada daerah laut tinggi gelombang mencapai 0,0602 m – 0,0700 m, pada daerah dekat pantai tinggi gelombang menjadi 0,0291 – 0,0602 m. Tinggi gelombang 0,00 – 0,02 terjadi pada daerah pantai dan pada muara sungai. Adanya bangunan pantai juga mempengaruhi tinggi gelombang yang terjadi, dimana tinggi gelombang tepat sebelum terkena bangunan pantai sebesar 0,0485, setelah terkena bangunan pantai menjadi 0,0291 m – 0.032 m.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 258,
"width": 259,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(a) (b)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 441,
"width": 245,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(b) (d)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 454,
"width": 299,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Pola Arus (a) pasang menuju surut; (b) surut terendah; (c) surut menuju pasang; (d) pasang tertinggi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 715,
"width": 162,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 8. Peta Tinggi Gelombang",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 457,
"height": 215,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemodelan sedimen dasar dilakukan menggunakan MIKE21 dengan modul Sand Transport sehingga didapatkan perubahan dasar perairan ( bed level change ) pada area penelitian. Berdasarkan simulasi yang telah dilakukan dalam kurun waktu 1 hari, hasil pemodelan menunjukkan terdapat gradien warna. Hal ini menunjukkan terjadinya proses sedimentasi maupun erosi selama simulasi 1 hari. Pada perairan dengan jarak kurang dari 20 m dari garis pantai terjadi sedimentasi dengan nilai sebesar 0,00152 – 0,00412 m. Namun, pada daerah muara sungai tidak terjadi sedimentasi maupun erosi. Pada simulasi dalam 7 hari, terjadi proses sedimentasi maupun erosi yang semakin jelas terlihat. Pada perairan sejauh 20 m dari garis pantai terjadi sedimentasi sebesar 0,00152 – 0,012 m dan pada perairan dengan jarak lebih dari 200 m dari garis pantai terjadi erosi sebesar kurang dari 0,0087. Pada simulasi dalam 7 hari, daerah muara sungai belum menunjukkan terjadinya perubahan dasar perairan. Perubahan dasar tersebut mulai terlihat pada simulasi yang dilakukan dalam 31 hari. Muara sungai mengalami sedimentasi dengan nilai sebesar 0,0008 m – 0,00152 m, sedangkan pada perairan dengan jarak kurang dari 20 m dari garis pantai terjadi sedimentasi sebesar 0,02 m, perairan dengan jarak 20 m – 200 m dari garis pantai terjadi sedimentasi 0,0008 – 0,02 m. Simulasi dalam 31 hari menunjukkan pada perairan dengan jarak lebih dari 200 m dari garis pantai terjadi erosi sebesar 0,0087 – 0,00238 m.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 598,
"width": 324,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9. Perubahan Dasar Perairan : (A) Awal Simulasi ; (B) 1 Hari ;",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 245,
"top": 610,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(C) 7 Hari ; (D) 31 hari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 623,
"width": 63,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 636,
"width": 456,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan current rose yang ditunjukkan pada gambar dapat menggambarkan pergerakan arus dan arahnya. Hasil dari current rose menunjukan arus di perairan pelabuhan branta dominan bergerak ke arah barat laut dan tenggara. Arah arus yang bolak balik ini menandakan bahwa pola pergerakan arus dipengaruhi oleh fenomena pasang surut. Pola Arus di Perairan Pelabuhan Branta dominan arus pasut karena pola pergerakannya sesuai dengan pola pasang surut. Hal ini diperkuat oleh pernyataaan Hadi dan Radjawane (2009) bahwa pola arus yang bergerak secara bolak-balik, maka arus di perairan tersebut didominasi arus pasut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 458,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pemodelan arus dengan menggunakan MIKE21 diperoleh pola pergerakan arus laut mengikuti pola pasang surut pada lokasi penelitian. Hasil pemodelan ditampilkan dalam 4 kondisi yaitu pasang, pasang menuju surut, surut, dan surut menuju pasang. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan pada kondisi pasang dan surut menuju pasang, air laut bergerak mendekati daratan. Kondisi berbeda terjadi pada saat surut dan pasang menuju surut, air laut bergerak menjauhi daratan menuju ke laut. Hal ini dikarenakan pada saat pasang dan surut menuju pasang, kondisi muka air akan naik maka air laut akan mendekati daratan sehingga pola arus menunjukkan air laut bergerak dari laut menuju daratan. Sedangkan pada kondisi surut dan pasang menuju surut, muka air laut akan turun maka air laut akan bergerak menjauhi daratan sehingga pola arus menunjukkan air laut bergerak dari daratan menuju laut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 202,
"width": 456,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kecepatan arus hasil pemodelan menunjukkan kecepatan arus pada kondisi surut dan pasang lebih rendah daripada kondisi pasang menuju surut dan surut menuju pasang. Hal ini dikarenakan pada kondisi pasang dan surut maka arus cenderung diam dan akan bergerak ketika terdapat perubahan elevasi muka air, sehingga kecepatan arus yang lebih tinggi akan terjadi pada saat kondisi menuju pasang maupun menuju surut. Kondisi ini sesuai dengan pernyataan Brown et al., (1989) bahwa pada saat surut terendah dan pasang tertinggi maka terjadi kecepatan arus pasut minimum, sedangkan pada saat transisi surut menuju pasang dan pasang menuju surut terjadi kecepatan maksimum. Hal ini mengakibatkan perubahan kecepatan dan arah arus pasut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 303,
"width": 456,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran gelombang dilapangan, didapatkan tinggi gelombang dan periode gelombang. Tinggi gelombang yang didapatkan sebesar 0,001 m hingga 0,4 m dengan periode gelombang sebesar 4 detik – 6 detik. Berdasarkan periode gelombang tersebut, gelombang yang terjadi pada perairan Pelabuhan Branta merupakan gelombang yang dibangkitkan oleh angin. Hal ini mengacu pada Rahayu (2000), periode gelombang dalam rentang 0,2 detik – 9 detik termasuk gelombang angin. Angin sebagai pembangkit gelombang mempengaruhi tinggi gelombang yang terjadi pada perairan pelabuhan branta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 391,
"width": 456,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gelombang yang dibangkitkan oleh angin, maka arah dan tinggi gelombang yang dihasilkan akan sangat bergantung dengan angin yang menimbulkannya. Analisis statistik angin berupa windrose pada gambar 5 menunjukkan angin pada bulan oktober di perairan pelabuhan branta, dominan berhembus dari arah selatan sebesar 183 o . Sehingga diperoleh arah penjalaran gelombang dari arah 183 o menuju ke daratan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 455,
"width": 456,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arah penjalaran gelombang mengalami pembelokan (refraksi) ketika mendekat ke daratan dikarenakan adanya variasi kedalaman selama penjalaran gelombang menuju pantai. Perbedaan kontur kedalaman menyebabkan gelombang yang melaju mendekati pantai cenderung dibelokkan sehingga muka gelombang akan sejajar dengan garis pantai dan tinggi gelombang akan semakin kecil. Adanya bangunan pantai mengakibatkan gelombang yang datang dari laut akan menabrak bangunan pantai tersebut, kemudian masuk kedalam daerah yang terlindungi dan mengakibatkan tinggi gelombang menjadi lebih kecil. Hal ini sesuai dengan Triatmodjo (1999) yang menyatakan gelombang yang menjalar dari laut dalam menuju laut dangkal akan mengalami refraksi dimana gelombang akan mengalami penurunan ketinggian yang disebabkan oleh adanya perbedaan kontur kedalaman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 569,
"width": 456,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pengukuran gelombang dan peramalan gelombang menunjukkan tinggi gelombang termasuk kecil karena berada di bawah 1 m. Hal tersebut dikarenakan angin yang sebagai pembangkit gelombang juga memiliki kecepatan kecil (0 m/s – 6 m/s). Kecepatan angin yang kecil ini diakibatkan terjadi pada musim peralihan, sesuai dengan Bayong (2004) dan Wyrtki (1961) dalam Sugianto (2010) yang menyatakan bahwa kecepatan angin akan lebih lemah pada musim peralihan dibandingkan musim barat dan musim timur karena adanya pola sirkulasi atmosfer dimana pada musim peralihan menyebabkan matahari bergerak melintasi khatulistiwa sehingga kecepatan angin menjadi lemah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 657,
"width": 456,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan dari hasil analisa sedimen, didapatkan bahwa ukuran butir sedimen pada perairan pelabuhan branta yaitu pasir, pasir lanauan dan lanau. Sebaran ukuran butir sedimen pada lokasi penelitian ditunjukkan pada gambar 8. Sedimen dengan ukuran butir berupa pasir terdapat pada daerah dekat pantai dan muara sungai, pada wilayah sungai didapatkan ukuran butir sedimen berupa lanau, sedangkan pada daerah laut didapatkan ukuran butir berupa pasir lanauan dan lanau. Hasil analisa sedimen menunjukkan semakin menuju perairan laut lepas, sedimen yang tersebar akan semakin halus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedimen berupa pasir ditemukan pada muara sungai dan sepanjang pantai. Kecepatan arus yang kuat pada sungai membawa material sedimen berupa pasir dan lanau menuju laut. Arus yang berasal dari sungai semakin mengecil pada saat di muara sungai karena bertemu dengan arus dari arah laut, hal ini menyebabkan sedimen berupa pasir akan terendapkan pada daerah muara sungai dan pantai di sekitarnya. Gelombang yang kecil tidak mampu membawa sedimen dengan ukuran butir besar (pasir) dalam jarak yang jauh, sehingga hanya menyebar pada daerah sepanjang pantai, sedangkan ukuran butir lebih halus akan terbawa arus menuju laut. Selain itu, pada perairan sekitar pantai bagian timur terdapat terumbu karang yang dapat menyebabkan sedimen berupa pasir akan terendapkan, sedangkan sedimen yang lebih halus mampu melewatinya dan terendapkan di laut yang lebih dalam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 202,
"width": 456,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ukuran butir dominan lanau ditemukan pada daerah lepas pantai, hal ini dikarenakan lanau dengan ukuran butir yang kecil mudah untuk terbawa oleh arus ke arah laut sehingga terendapkan pada perairan yang dalam. Ukuran butir halus berupa lempung pada lokasi penelitian didapatkan persentase terbesar yaitu 3,41%. Persentasi yang rendah pada kandungan lempung tersebut dikarenakan aktifitas kapal yang ramai pada Perairan Pelabuhan Branta sehingga menyebabkan kondisi oseanografi tidak mendukung ukuran butir lempung untuk mengendap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 278,
"width": 456,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pemodelan perubahan dasar perairan didapatkan bahwa terjadi sedimentasi pada daerah dekat pantai yang semakin bertambah seiring dengan semakin lama waktu simulasi. Pada hari 1 simulasi, perubahan pada daerah pantai dengan cakupan wilayah yang kecil. Pada simulasi hari ke 7, hasil pemodelan menunjukkan terjadi sedimentasi yang lebih besar dari pada hari 1 dengan nilai yang lebih tinggi. Cakupan sedimentasi yang lebih besar ditunjukkan pada simulasi hari ke 31, yang terjadi pada daerah pantai dan juga muara sungai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 353,
"width": 456,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faktor yang mempengaruhi pengangkutan sedimen dasar diantaranya yaitu gelombang dan arus. Hasil peramalan gelombang pada bulan Oktober 2019 berada dalam rentang 0.001 – 0.8 m. Tinggi gelombang tersebut relatif kecil karena tinggi gelombang di bawah 1 meter sehingga tidak berpengaruh banyak pada sebaran sedimen. Gelombang dengan ketinggian yang relatif kecil tidak memungkinkan memindahkan sedimen dalam rentang jarak yang panjang. Hal ini ditandai dengan perubahan dasar perairan dalam waktu 31 hari, sedimentasi yang terjadi hanya terdapat pada daerah dekat pantai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 429,
"width": 456,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arus yang terjadi pada Perairan Pelabuhan Branta memiliki kecepatan yang lebih besar pada daerah laut daripada pada daerah pantai. Semakin besar kecepatan arus pada daerah laut menyebabkan terjadinya erosi pada daerah laut, dan akan terbawa ke arah perairan dekat darat, sehingga terjadi sedimentasi pada daerah dekat pantai. Sedimentasi yang dominan terjadi pada daerah pantai juga diakibatkan karena kecepatan arus yang kecil pada wilayah perairan tersebut. Semakin dekat dengan pantai, kecepatan arus akan semakin berkurang, hal ini mengakibatkan arus tidak mampu untuk membawa material sedimen dari pantai, sehingga terjadi sedimentasi sepanjang pantai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 531,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 543,
"width": 457,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan penelitian pada Perairan Pelabuhan Branta, Pamekasan dapat disimpulkan memiliki tiga jenis ukuran butir sedimen yaitu pasir, lanau pasiran dan lanau. Perubahan dasar perairan yang terjadi pada Perairan Pelabuhan Branta selama bulan Oktober 2019 berdasarkan hasil pemodelan menunjukkan terjadi sedimentasi dengan ketebalan sebesar 0,02 m pada lokasi antara garis pantai hingga jarak 20 m, sedimentasi sebesar 0,0008 m – 0,02 m pada perairan dengan dengan jarak 20 m hingga 200 m dari garis pantai, sedangkan pada perairan dengan jarak lebih dari 200 m dari pantai terjadi erosi sebesar kurang dari 0,00238 m.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 651,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 664,
"width": 456,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abdurrahman, A. Latief, R.U. 2017. Kajian Pengembangan Penyelenggaraan Pelabuhan Branta,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 677,
"width": 271,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kabupaten Pamekasan, Jawa Timur. Universitas Hasanuddin",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 689,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Astuti, EH. Ismanto, A. Saputro, S. 2016. Studi Pengaruh Gelombang Terhadap Transport Sedimen di Perairan Timbulsloko Kabupaten Demak Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Oseanografi, Vol 5 (1) : 77-85",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 715,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Brown, E., A. Colling., D. Park., J. Phillips., D. Rothery., J. Wright. 2001. Ocean Circulation Second Edition. Milton Keynes: Open University.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 50,
"width": 456,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Oceanography [February] [2021] Vol 03 No: 01 ISSN:2714-8726",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 756,
"width": 159,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijoce",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 756,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima/Received : 26-01-2021 Disetujui/Accepted : 31-03-2021",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diposaptono, S. 2011. Sebuah Kumpulan PemikiranMitigasi Bencana dan Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim, Direktorat Pesisir dan Lautan-Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 113,
"width": 456,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahmi, MB. 2015. Analisa Laju Sedimentasi Akibat Rencana Reklamasi Di Teluk Segendis Bontang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 126,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember : Skripsi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 138,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hadi, S. Ivonne M. Radjawane. 2009. ArusLaut. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 151,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ismanto, A. Zainuri, M. Hutabarat, S. Sugianto, DN. Widada, S. Wirasatriya, A. 2017. Sediment Transport Model In Sayung Distric, Demak. International Conference on Tropical and Coastal Region Eco Development",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 189,
"width": 442,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Minarrohman, MG. Pratomo, DG. 2017. Simulasi Arus dan Distribusi Sedimen secara 3 Dimensi di Pantai Selatan Jawa. Jurnal Teknik ITS Vol 6 (2) : G174-G179",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 222,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Satriadi, A. 2013. Kajian Transpor Sedimen Tersuspensi Untuk Perencanaan Pembangunan Pelabuhan Bojonegara Banten.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 248,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siswanto, A. D. 2007. Studi Aspek Geologi di Perairan Delta Bodri, Kabupaten Kendal. Embryo, 4(2): 114-123.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 273,
"width": 456,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugianto, DN. 2010. Model Distribusi Data Kecepatan Angin dan Pemanfaaatannya dalam Peramalan Gelombang di Perairan Laut Paciran, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan, Vol 15 (3) : 143-152",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 298,
"width": 456,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Witantono, AD. Khomsin. 2015. Pemodelan Aliran Sedimen Di Kolam Pelabuhan (Studi Kasus :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 311,
"width": 355,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kolam 1 Pelabuhan Tanjungpriok, Jakarta). Jurnal Geoid Vol 1(1): 22 - 28 Triatmodjo, B. 1999. Teknik Pantai.Yogyakarta : Beta Offset",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
e02643b2-b3ac-9e74-cb4e-fe441f95d075 | https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/maspuljr/article/download/5651/2592 | [
{
"left": 202,
"top": 67,
"width": 187,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 7 – No. 1, year (2023), page 796-802",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 88,
"width": 195,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "| ISSN 2548-8201 (Print) | 2580-0469) (Online) |",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 809,
"width": 389,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023 Edumaspul - Journal of Education (ISSN 2548-8201 (print); (ISSN 2580-0469 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 116,
"width": 435,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The Role of Parents in the Social Interaction of Deaf Children with their SMPLB Level Friends",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 148,
"width": 419,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Quantitative Descriptive Research at SLB in Lubuk Basung District)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 176,
"width": 163,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Niken Desi Pranatalia 1 ; Damri 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 190,
"width": 255,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 (Special Need Education, Padang State University, Indonesia)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 202,
"width": 407,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 (Special Need Education, Padang State University, Indonesia) E-mail: 1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] Receive: 10/01/2023 Accepted: 10/02/2023 Published: 01/03/2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 277,
"width": 37,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 291,
"width": 484,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Orang tua menjadi peran utama pada aspek kehidupan anak. Orang tua juga menjadi peran penting terhadap interaksi sosial anak apalagi anak tunarungu. Namun pada kenyataannya ada anak yang sulit mengontrol emosi dalam berinteraksi dengan teman sebaya dan beberapa juga kurang dalam hal interaksi dan dibatasi saat interaksi. Disinilah perlu peranan penting orang tua anak tunarungu. Penelitian ini bertujuaan untuk mengetahui peran orang tua terhadap interaksi sosial anak tunarungu dengan teman sebaya tingkat SMPLB DI SLB Negeri 1 Lubuk Basung dan SLB Batu Kambing. Metode dalam penelitian ini ialah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel yang diambil dua puluh orang tua anak tunarungu. Data yang peneliti pakai dalam penelitian ini berupa angket yang disebar kepada responden orang tua tunarungu. Penelitian ini memakai teknik analisis data berupa persentase dengan kategori yang diberikan yaitu kategori sangat baik, baik, cukup dan kurang baik.Hasil pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa peranan dari orang tua anak tunarungu terhadap interaksi sosial terbagi empat yaitu; aspek orang tua sebagai pengasuh dengan hasil persentase sebesar 25,5%, aspek orang tua sebagai pendidik dengan hasil persentase sebesar 33%, orang tua sebagai pembimbing dengan hasil persentase sebesar 35,83%, dan aspek orang tua sebagai motivasi dengan hasil persentase sebesar 29,5%, Jumlah keempat indikator tersebut dapat diakumulasikan dengan hasil persentase sebesar 16,43%, menunjukkan hasil kategori Kurang baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 474,
"width": 268,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Peran Orang Tua, Anak Tunarungu, Interaksi Sosial",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 500,
"width": 40,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 515,
"width": 484,
"height": 250,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Parents play a major role in aspects of a child's life. Parents also play an important role in the social interaction of children, especially deaf children. But in reality there are children who have difficulty controlling their emotions in interacting with peers and some are also lacking in terms of interaction and are limited during interactions. This is where the important role of parents of deaf children is needed. This study aims to determine the role of parents in the social interaction of deaf children with their peers at the SMPLB level at SLB Negeri 1 Lubuk Basung and SLB Batu Kambing. The method in this study was descriptive quantitative with a sample of twenty parents of deaf children. The data that the researchers used in this study was in the form of a questionnaire which was distributed to deaf parent respondents. This study uses data analysis techniques in the form of percentages with the given categories, namely very good, good, fair and not good categories. The results of this study can be concluded that the role of parents of deaf children in social interaction is divided into four, namely; aspects of parents as caregivers with a percentage of 25.5%, aspects of parents as educators with a percentage of 33%, parents as mentors with a percentage of 35.83%, and aspects of parents as motivation with a percentage of 29 .5%, the the sum of the four indicators can be accumulated with a percentage of 16.43%, indicating the results of the category are not good. The results of this study can be concluded that the role of parents of deaf children in social interaction is divided into four, namely; aspects of parents as caregivers with a percentage of 25.5%, aspects of parents as educators with a percentage of 33%, parents as mentors with a percentage of 35.83%, and aspects of parents as motivation with a percentage of 29 .5%, the the sum of the four indicators can be accumulated with a percentage of 16.43%, indicating the results of the category are not good. The results of this study can be concluded that the role of parents of deaf children in social interaction is divided into four, namely; aspects of parents as caregivers with a percentage of 25.5%, aspects of parents as educators with a percentage of 33%, parents as mentors with a percentage of 35.83%, and aspects of parents as motivation with a percentage of 29 .5%, the the sum of the four indicators can be accumulated with a percentage of 16.43%, indicating the results of the category are not good.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 43,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumaspul Journal, 7 (1), Year 2023 -797 ( Niken Desi Pranatalia, Damri )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 809,
"width": 426,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023 Edumaspul - Journal of Education (ISSN 2548-8201 (print); (ISSN 2580-0469 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 87,
"width": 250,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Role of Parents, Deaf Children, Social Interaction",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 113,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Introduction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 130,
"width": 219,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Education, that is, all efforts are made consciously to create a learning atmosphere and learning process that leads to the active development of the potential of students covering all types of children, including children with special needs. Students with special needs are students who need special attention in every aspect of their lives, these students experience various kinds of disorders such as physical-motor, vision, behavior and emotions (Ariyona & Damri, 2019). According to (Nurhastuti et al., 2021) a child with special disabilities, namely someone with limitations in certain aspects that are generally owned by normal people, be it physical, mental or emotional barriers which need special education services.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 365,
"width": 219,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "One of the children with special needs who have the right to education is a deaf child. (Princess et al., 2019) Deaf individuals are individuals who have a hearing impairment which results in decreased hearing power, which is categorized by a mild to severe level, resulting in communication problems that affect social interaction. And this can have an impact on the relationship of social interaction between children and their environment.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 530,
"width": 219,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Solicha, 2019) Social interaction is a pattern of interaction carried out by one individual against another individual, which can even exceed the scope of two individuals. However, with the limitations of deaf children, (Ghifary et al., 2018) states that deaf children experience disturbances in social interaction so that the development of social functions is disrupted which can be seen from self-development towards the environment, self-development in communicating with society and interacting with peers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 710,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to (Qaryatika & Masitoh, 2019) Peers are a group of children of the same age who live or live in the same environment so as to form a social interaction and form a community. If it is",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 113,
"width": 219,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "related to the social interaction of deaf children, parents become the foundation for the formation of children's language development so that social interaction can occur for deaf children. Therefore, with limitations in deaf children, the role of parents is needed to help how the child's social growth and development. In order for individual social interaction to occur and in this situation, assistance from educators is needed early on for children so that it does not have a negative impact in the future.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 279,
"width": 219,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to (Djamarah, 2014)the role of parents in social development of deaf individuals is clearly very important. Parents have an important role in children's development when interacting socially because parents are more often in the family circle, parents are obliged to guide their children so that they are good in terms of social interaction with their peers. One example of the role of parents in deaf children is to provide space for language development to communicate. However, if parents do not carry out their duties as forming the child's language of communication then this will experience problems for children in the future (Permanarian Somad and Tati Hernawati, 1995).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 527,
"width": 219,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the observations the writer made at SLB Se-KdistrictLubuk Basung. During recess, there was a difference in the attitudes of deaf students and their peers. The difference can be seen that for students A, students B, students C, students D, students E the social interaction looks passive and tends to not care about their own friends, children do not show familiar behavior with their fellow friends and prefer to play alone while other deaf students sometimes interact, but are still passive and need to be asked first, even when their friends need help, they tend to be normal. There are deaf children who like to annoy their friends and prank their friends and like to take friends' pens or pencil boxes. In (Damri, et al., 2020), the emergence of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 363,
"top": 43,
"width": 192,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumaspul Journal, 7 (1), Year 2023 -798 ( Niken Desi Pranatalia, Damri )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 809,
"width": 391,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023 Edumaspul - Journal of Education (ISSN 2548-8201 (print); (ISSN 2580-0469 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 94,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "actions as a student bully is also influenced by group play. Adolescent playgroups that deviate may seek recognition of their existence by intimidating people who they feel are weaker so that they want recognition from the environment that they have courage and strength.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 191,
"width": 219,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the results of interviews with the homeroom teacher for deaf students at junior high school level (grade 7, grade 8, and grade 9) said that in their home environment, deaf students tend to be shy in interactions. As for when children want to interact only with certain people such as their parents and teachers only. Then, some parents because they are busy with their work do not provide guidance or support to their children. Some parents, when interviewing teachers at school, also explained that when their children were at home, they tended to stay in the room. So that it allows the child to act without concern for the surrounding environment.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 412,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In accordance with the acquisition of this preliminary study, the authors were moved to conduct research studies related to the importance of the role of parents in the social interaction of deaf children, especially with their peers. Therefore, the author would like to raise a research title namely \"The Role of Parents in the Social Interaction of Deaf Children at SMPLB Level with Peers in SLB in Lubuk Basung District.\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 556,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Method",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 576,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The type of research that the writer did was a quantitative approach with a quantitative descriptive method. Descriptive method is a research which aims to display data by analyzing the data obtained so as to get a clear picture. Quantitative descriptive method is a method that emphasizes the objective measurement aspects of social phenomena, which are processed and analyzed with statistics.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 728,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The author uses data acquisition techniques using instruments.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 742,
"width": 22,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 755,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "instrument used in this research is a questionnaire. The questionnaire is a list of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 94,
"width": 219,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "research statements that are used to obtain information from respondents about the problem under study. The questionnaire used is a closed questionnaire using a Likert scale. The variable is the object of research or focus in research. The variable in this study is the role of parents in the social interaction of deaf children with peers at the SMPLB level in SLB throughout Lubuk Basung District, Agam Regency.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 246,
"width": 219,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meanwhile, the operational definition of the variable in this study is the role of parents in the social interaction of deaf children with their peers. The role of parents is the method used by parents related to views on the tasks that must be carried out in raising children. The role of parents is very big influence on social interaction in children, especially with peers. Social interaction, namely the relationship between individuals with each other which causes a reciprocal reaction where the relationship can influence and change an individual's behavior. The role of parents in social interaction in this study focuses on deaf children. According to (Damri, 2021) education can instill, form, fill, develop, expand, and refine values, norms and morals demanded by the Pancasila State philosophy, religion and culture so that children can have the character and personality according to the expected values.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 564,
"width": 219,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Sugiyono, 2018) Suggested that shows the degree of accuracy between the data that actually occurs on the object with the data collected by the researcher.The data collection tool used was a questionnaire which was distributed directly to parents of deaf students who were respondents at SLB Negeri 1 Lubuk Basung and SLB Batu Kambing. Research activities carried out in approximately 2 months, namely July 18 2022 to September 22 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 730,
"width": 115,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Result and Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 750,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research was conducted on 20 parents of students at SLB 1 Lubuk Basung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 43,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumaspul Journal, 7 (1), Year 2023 -799 ( Niken Desi Pranatalia, Damri )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 809,
"width": 426,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023 Edumaspul - Journal of Education (ISSN 2548-8201 (print); (ISSN 2580-0469 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "and SLB Batu Kambing, p.The role of parents in social interaction in this study focuses on deaf children. According to (Trisnawati & Suwanda, 2022)explained that there are several roles of parents in their children which can be described as follows: a. Nanny",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 185,
"width": 219,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Parental care for children is a form of relationship between children and parents. Caring for parents by providing education, providing discipline, and protection in order to achieve adjustments to the educational environment and society such as children's social interactions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 281,
"width": 58,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Educator",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 295,
"width": 219,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fathers and mothers have an obligation to provide training in the mental aspects of their children, so that children will be able to identify their talents based on the interest tendencies felt by children. Parents as educators for children must establish a good relationship with children. This can best be done by parents finding ways to create affection between parents and children regardless of the child's circumstances.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 447,
"width": 54,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Advisor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 461,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Guidance is an action made to be able to involve oneself directly in the difficulties felt by other people with the intention of being able to provide help and assistance. Guidance that parents provide can be channeled directly or indirectly. d. Motivator",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 219,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Motivation, namely the treatment given by other people to someone who is addressed in the hope that someone who is addressed is encouraged or inspired to do something.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 626,
"width": 219,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The four aspects above can be described from the results of filling in the questionnaire that has been distributed as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 681,
"width": 174,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Percentage of Parenting Aspects",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 379,
"width": 219,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Interpretation results based on the results of research conducted by researchers regarding parenting, based on the total number of items obtained the level of achievement of the respondents which showed the highest frequency of 51 with a percentage of 25.5%. Based on the data above, it can be drawn in the following graph:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 720,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Graph 1. Percentage of Parents Parenting Data Processing Results",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 510,
"width": 215,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-Ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju Aspek Pengasuhan Anak Tunarungu Sangat Tidak Setuju Tidak Setuju Ragu-Ragu Setuju Sangat Setuju",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 363,
"top": 43,
"width": 192,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumaspul Journal, 7 (1), Year 2023 -800 ( Niken Desi Pranatalia, Damri )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 809,
"width": 391,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023 Edumaspul - Journal of Education (ISSN 2548-8201 (print); (ISSN 2580-0469 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 94,
"width": 219,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the percentages from the graph above, it can be concluded that the care the deaf children receive is quite good.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 424,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Interpretation results based on aspects of parents as educators in the research that researchers conducted, obtained the highest frequency results, namely 66 with a percentage of 33% which can be illustrated in the following graph:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 730,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Graph 2. Percentage of Parents' Data Processing Results as Educators",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 758,
"width": 219,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the percentages in the graph above, it can be concluded that parents as",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 94,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "educators of deaf children with peers are in the pretty good category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 333,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of interpretation based on parents as mentors in the research that researchers carried out, obtained the highest frequency of 43 with a percentage of 35.83% which can be described in the following graph:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 625,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Graph 3. Percentage of Data Processing Results of Parents as Advisors",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 653,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the percentages in the graph above, it can be concluded that parents as mentors in children's social interactions are included in the pretty good category, which means parents guide their children well.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 422,
"width": 438,
"height": 297,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-Ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju Aspek Pendidik Sangat Tidak Setuju Tidak Setuju Ragu-Ragu Setuju Sangat Setuju 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-Ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju Aspek Pembimbing Sangat Tidak Setuju Tidak Setuju Ragu-Ragu Setuju Sangat Setuju",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 43,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumaspul Journal, 7 (1), Year 2023 -801 ( Niken Desi Pranatalia, Damri )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 809,
"width": 426,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023 Edumaspul - Journal of Education (ISSN 2548-8201 (print); (ISSN 2580-0469 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 413,
"width": 219,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of the interpretation of the percentage of the research above, the highest frequency was obtained, namely 59 with a percentage of 29.5% which can be illustrated in the following graph:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 714,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Graph 4. Percentage of Parent Data Processing Results as a Motivator",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 742,
"width": 219,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the percentages in the graph above, it can be drawn that parents as motivators for deaf children are included in",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 88,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "the pretty good category with the percentage results obtained being 29.5%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 116,
"width": 191,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 5. Percentage of parental roles",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 218,
"width": 219,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be seen that the aspect of parents as caregivers with a percentage of 25.5%, the aspects of parents as educators with a percentage of 33%, parents as mentors with a percentage of 35.83%, and aspects of parents as motivation with a percentage result of 29.5%, the sum of the four indicators can be accumulated with a percentage result of 16.43%, indicating that the results are in the Not good category. Based on these results, the role of parents in the social interaction of deaf children is still lacking.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 404,
"width": 60,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Conclusion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 424,
"width": 219,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method, namely a method that emphasizes the objective measurement aspects of social phenomena, which are processed and analyzed using statistics. The number of statements is 36 which will be filled in by 20 respondents, namely parents of deaf children who are in SLB Negeri 1 Lubuk Basung and SLB Batu Kambing. Obtaining the results of the data stated that 1) aspects of parents as caregivers with a percentage result of 25.5%, 2) aspects of parents as educators with a percentage result of 33%, 3) parents as mentors with a percentage result of 35.83%, 4) and the parental aspect as motivation with a percentage result of 29.5%, the sum of the four indicators can be accumulated with a percentage result of 16.43%, indicating the results are not good category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 714,
"width": 70,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bibliography",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 733,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ariyona, C. B. (2019). Meningkatkan Kosakata Benda Melalui Media Pop",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 488,
"width": 217,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-Ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju Aspek Motivator Sangat Tidak Setuju Tidak Setuju Ragu-Ragu Setuju",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 626,
"width": 31,
"height": 6,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sangat Setuju",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 328,
"top": 134,
"width": 196,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No Aspect Percentage 1. 2. 3. 4. Nanny Educator Advisor Motivator 25.5 % 33 % 35.83 % 29.5 % Amount 16.43 %",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 363,
"top": 43,
"width": 192,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edumaspul Journal, 7 (1), Year 2023 -802 ( Niken Desi Pranatalia, Damri )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 809,
"width": 391,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2023 Edumaspul - Journal of Education (ISSN 2548-8201 (print); (ISSN 2580-0469 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 94,
"width": 184,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Up Book Bagi Siswa. JUPPEKhu , 7 , 198–202.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 122,
"width": 219,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Damri, D., Engkizar, E., Syafril, S., Asril, Z., K, M., Rahawarin, Y., Tulum, L. M., Asrida, A., & Amnda, V. (2020).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 161,
"width": 220,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Factors and Solutions of Students’ Bullying Behavior. Jurnal Kepemimpinan Dan Pengurusan Sekolah , 5 (2), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.34125/kp.v5i2.517 Damri, D. (2021). Pengembangan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 246,
"width": 220,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kurikulum Dan Pembelajaran Di Sekolah Yang Beragam Peserta Didik (1st Ed.). Rajawali Pers. Djamarah, S. B. (2014). Pola Asuh Orang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 301,
"width": 220,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tua dan Komunikasi dalam Keluarga . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Ghifary, M. A., Yuwono, J., & Sidik, S. A. (2018). Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Kolaboratif Terhadap Keterampilan Sosial Pada Anak Tunarungu Kelas Iv Di Skh Gyhta Nurhastuti, N., Zulmiyetri, Z., Budi, S., & Utami, I. S. (2021). Ketahanan Mental Keluarga Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Dalam Menghadapi New Normal. Jurnal",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 467,
"width": 118,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Buah Hati , 8 (1), 20–32.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 481,
"width": 219,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Putri, S. S., Supena, A., & Yatimah, D. (2019). Dukungan Sosial Orangtua Anak Tunarungu Usia 11 Tahun Di",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 522,
"width": 195,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SDN Perwira Kota Bogor. Jurnal EDUCATIO: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia , 5 (1), 20–26.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 564,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Qaryatika, L., & Masitoh, S. (2019). Persepsi Orang Tua Terhadap Interaksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 94,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sosial Anak Tunarungu Dengan Teman Sebaya Di Lingkungan Sekolah Di Sdlb. Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus , 12 (3). Solicha, I. (2019). Interaksi Sosial Anak Tunarungu Dalam Sekolah Umum Di TK Syafina Sidotopo Wetan Surabaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 177,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Child Education Journal , 1 (2), 78–87. Somad, P., dan Hernawati, T. (1995).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 359,
"top": 205,
"width": 183,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ortopedagogik Anak Tunarungu . Dapartemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 260,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sugiyono. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 274,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kuantitatif . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Trisnawati, Y., & Suwanda, I. M. (2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 301,
"width": 195,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran Orang Tua dalam Menumbuhkan Karakter Tanggung Jawab Anak Pada Pembelajaran Daring di Dusun Winong Kabupaten Ngawi. Kajian Moral Dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 371,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kewarganegaraan , 10 (2), 274–288.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 404,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Author Profile",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 423,
"width": 219,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Niken Desi Pranatalia, was born in Padang Tongga on December 24 1997. In 2011 she completed her education at SDN 50 Padang Tongga, in 2014 she completed her education at SMP N 2 Lubuk Basung and completed her high school education in 2017 at SMA Negeri 3 Lubuk Basung. In 2017 the author continued his undergraduate education at Padang State University with a special education major to date.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
9466a119-5ef9-f33c-fef2-1fdc52531495 | https://jurnal.wicida.ac.id/index.php/sebatik/article/download/2245/812 | [
{
"left": 57,
"top": 44,
"width": 257,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dwiatmini, S., Listiani, W. and Rustiyanti, S. (2023) “Media Pembelajaran Artistik Pencak Silat: Analisis Literatur Terbitan Scopus Tahun 2021-2023”, Sebatik, 27(1). Submitted: 2023-04-15 Accepted: 2023-06-01 Published: 2023-06-06",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 434,
"top": 37,
"width": 123,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebatik Vol. 27 No. 1 Juni 2023 ISSN: 1410-3737(p) 2621-069X(e) Open access article licensed under CC-BY DOI:10.46984/sebatik.v27i1.2245",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 784,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "215",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 88,
"width": 409,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ARTISTIK PENCAK SILAT: ANALISIS LITERATUR TERBITAN SCOPUS TAHUN 2021-2023",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 129,
"width": 265,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sriati Dwiatmini 1) , Wanda Listiani 2)* , dan Sri Rustiyanti 3)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 152,
"width": 376,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,3 Antropologi Budaya, Fakultas Budaya dan Media, Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 163,
"width": 348,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2* Kriya Seni, Fakultas Seni Rupa dan Desain, Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 175,
"width": 375,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,2,3 Jl. Buahbatu No. 212, Bandung, 40265 E-mail: [email protected] 1), [email protected] 2) , [email protected] 3) ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 224,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 248,
"width": 499,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Silat merupakan bentuk seni bela diri yang dipraktikkan dalam peradaban Melayu dengan berbagai bentuk variasi artistik dan jenis gerak. Seni pencak dan pencak silat secara luas dipraktekkan di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Pencak silat terdaftar sebagai warisan budaya UNESCO sejak tahun 2019. Pencak Silat merupakan salah satu warisan budaya bangsa Indonesia yang harus dilestarikan. Pencak Silat, Taekwondo, Karate, Wushu, Tinju, dan Judo dikenal sebagai cabang olahraga beladiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kategorisasi media pembelajaran dalam penelitian pencak silat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan menggunakan teknik analisis bibliometric dan analisis isi artikel. Analisis bibliometric pada 83 artikel dengan kata kunci pencak silat di database scopus untuk mengetahui tren dan kesenjangan (gap) topik penelitian pencak silat. Sedangkan analisis isi artikel jurnal yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2021 hingga 2023 untuk mengetahui kategorisasi media pembelajaran pencak silat yang sudah dilakukan penelitian sebelumnya. Temuan penelitian ini adalah kategorisasi media pembelajaran pencak silat menjadi 2 kategori yaitu mode pembelajaran dan multimedia pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil analisis 30 artikel ilmiah pada database scopus yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2021 hingga 2023 yaitu mode pembelajaran artistik pencak silat dilakukan secara luring dan hybrid . Sedangkan multimedia pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam kurikulum pencak silat yaitu berbasis augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), kecerdasan artifisial (AI) dan aplikasi android Kinovea .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 421,
"width": 355,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Artistik Seni, Pencak Silat, Estetika Seni , Analisis Isi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 440,
"width": 94,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 452,
"width": 235,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pencak Silat (PS) merupakan salah satu peninggalan nenek moyang bangsa Indonesia yang harus dilestarikan. Istilah Pencak digunakan oleh masyarakat Pulau Jawa, Madura dan Bali, sedangkan Silat digunakan di wilayah Indonesia lainnya, Malaysia, Singapura, Brunei Darussalam, Thailand dan Filipina (Mizanudin, Muhammad, Andri Sugiyanto, 2018). Hilangnya estetika intrinsik warisan budaya Indonesia pada pencak silat sebagai temuan penelitian B. Mulyana dkk (Mulyana & Lutan, 2021). Difusi seni bela diri di Indonesia terbentuk oleh enkulturasi. Pengaruh unsur seni bela diri Cina dan India dalam genre tertentu seni bela diri Indonesia khususnya pencak silat. Pengembangan pencak silat fokus pada olahraga dan kecakapan tubuh. Pemanfaatan teknologi sebagai bentuk pelestarian pencak silat dilakukan agar generasi muda dapat mempelajarinya dengan mudah dan sebagai warisan budaya (Anifah et al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 659,
"width": 233,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah masih terbatas media pembelajaran artistik pencak silat berbasis teknologi artifisial di perguruan tinggi seni dengan target pengguna generasi muda. Selain itu, pencak silat mulai ditinggalkan masyarakat. Istilah pencak silat digunakan untuk menyebut seni bela diri tradisional dan modern di Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Asia Tenggara (Hadiana, 2022). Pencak silat dilakukan oleh pemain tunggal atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 440,
"width": 233,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berkelompok dengan atau tanpa latar belakang musik. Jurus (Lubis, Haqiyah, et al., 2022) adalah serangkaian gerakan dasar untuk tubuh bagian atas dan bawah, yang digunakan sebagai panduan untuk menguasai penggunaan teknik lanjutan pencak silat ketika dipraktekkan secara individu atau berpasangan. Gerak Pencak Silat (Ihsan, Hidayat, et al., 2022) dipengaruhi oleh faktor fisik, mental dan teknik menendang. Penguasaan teknik dasar pencak silat baik dalam seni dan pertandingan didukung kondisi fisik. Tendangan lurus ke depan adalah salah satu mode menyerang yang efektif jika didukung kekuatan otot kaki yang baik. Penelitian tentang efektivitas pelatihan plyometric pada frekuensi tendangan lurus ke depan dilakukan oleh Sudiana dkk (Sudiana et al., 2023). Penelitian eksperimen yang dilakukan pada sampel 30 atlet putra junior Pencak Silat. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan efek signifikan dari dua latihan plyometric terhadap tendangan lurus ke depan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 659,
"width": 233,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian peningkatan keterampilan tendangan pencak silat juga dilakukan oleh R. Sudirman dkk (Sudirman et al., 2022). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode pelatihan terbaik antara plyometrics, metode circuit training, dan metode continuous training, yang lebih berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan hasil latihan keterampilan tendangan Pencak Silat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 37,
"width": 465,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2023, The Author(s). Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights; Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights, The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books, The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, The right to self-archive the article",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 784,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "216",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 87,
"width": 233,
"height": 665,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "eksperimen (comparative quantitative). Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 56 mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Olahraga Kesehatan STKIP Setia Budhi Rangkasbitung pada mata kuliah Pencak Silat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap pengaruh metode latihan dan daya kerja otot kaki tinggi dan rendah terhadap keterampilan tendangan pencak silat. Penelitian R.I Doewes dkk (Doewes, 2022) tentang momen gaya atau torsi tendangan pencak silat jejag. Momen gaya adalah ukuran gaya yang dapat menyebabkan suatu benda berputar mengelilingi sumbu dimana sumbu rotasi terletak pada sendi lutut dengan panjang betis sebagai panjang lengan (jari-jari sumbu rotasi). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis biomekanik laboratorium, pengukuran antropometri dan pengambilan video dengan analisis kinovea. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari tiga atlet pencak silat laki-laki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik tendangan jejag pencak silat menghasilkan momen gaya (gaya torsi) dan momen inersia. Penelitian N.Ihsan (Ihsan, Hidayat, et al., 2022) tentang kinerja tendangan sabit dalam pembelajaran Pencak Silat untuk meningkatkan performa atlet selama pertandingan. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis kinerja tendangan sabit Pencak Silat ditinjau dari kualitas kondisi fisik (seperti kekuatan dan fleksibilitas otot kaki), dan unsur psikologis (seperti motivasi berprestasi). Responden penelitian adalah 30 atlet pria berusia 14-17 (remaja) pada atlet Pencak Silat dari Tangan Mas College, Padang, Indonesia. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana, analisis regresi berganda, analisis jalur dan analisis model struktural. Hasil penelitian adalah daya kerja otot kaki sebagai faktor dominan. Penelitian tentang efektivitas latihan kekuatan otot lengan menggunakan bola tenis pada atlet pencak silat di Sekolah Olahraga Negeri Sriwijaya dilakukan oleh A. Fikri dkk (Fikri et al., 2022). Kekuatan sebagai salah satu komponen biomotor untuk menunjang kemampuan teknis dalam pencak silat. Metode eksperimen dengan desain kelompok kontrol pretest- posttest. Kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Responden penelitian berjumlah 50 atlet pencak silat berusia 14-17 tahun yang terdiri dari atlet pencak silat, atlet judo, atlet taekwondo, atlet karate, atlet gulat dan atlet wushu. Instrumen penelitian yaitu push-up dan aplikasi Fikri Muscle Strength Test. Analisis data menggunakan metode statistik paired sample t-test dan independent sample t-test menggunakan SPSS 21. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kelompok eksperimen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Temuan penelitian ini adalah variasi latihan yang dikembangkan lebih efektif daripada latihan konvensional. Penelitian F.A. Irawan dkk (Irawan et al., 2021) mengidentifikasi analisis biomekanik tendangan samping pencak silat persinas ASAD. Teknik dasar menendang dalam pencak silat sering diabaikan. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan data dari rekaman video gerakan sidekick. Analisis dengan Dartfish versi 8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 87,
"width": 233,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Responden sebanyak 30 atlet bela diri Persinas ASAD. Hasil data analisis gerak tendangan samping dengan fokus gerakan dibagi menjadi 3 fase utama yaitu sikap kuda, fase lepas landas, dan fase dampak. Hasilnya peningkatan kemampuan komponen kecepatan, akurasi, dan kecepatan reaksi agar lebih efektif dan efisien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 156,
"width": 238,
"height": 596,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian tentang faktor gerak pencak silat dilakukan oleh N. Ihsan dkk (Ihsan, Hanafi, et al., 2022). Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh daya kerja otot kaki, kelincahan dan kepercayaan diri terhadap tendangan sabit. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif ( path analysis) dengan sampel 30 atlet putra berusia 15-18 tahun. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes lompat vertikal, kuesioner untuk kepercayaan diri dan tes tendangan sabit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh simultan daya ledak otot kaki, Kelincahan dan kepercayaan diri pada kemampuan tendangan sabit sebesar 70,2%. Pengukuran dampak pelatihan Tapak Suci dengan Pengembangan Kecakapan Hidup Atlet dilakukan oleh O. Hadiana dkk (Hadiana, 2022). Salah satu jenis Pencak Silat di Indonesia adalah Tapak Suci. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang melibatkan 56 atlet yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, 28 atlet untuk kelompok eksperimen dan 28 atlet untuk kelompok kontrol. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner life skill yang melibatkan 35 pertanyaan tentang emotional skill, goal setting, problem-solving and decision making , leadership, dan respect. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan uji-t digunakan untuk menyelidiki dampak yang berbeda antara kedua kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Model Pelatihan Tapak Suci Pencak Silat yang diterapkan pada kelompok eksperimen memberikan dampak yang lebih tinggi pada transfer kecakapan hidup atlet dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Model Pelatihan Pencak Silat Tapak Suci terbukti menjadi upaya yang efektif untuk transfer kecakapan hidup antar atlet. Selain itu, penggunaan latihan yang diprogram direkomendasikan untuk dilaksanakan untuk transfer keterampilan hidup individu. Penelitian R.A Latif dkk (Latif et al., 2022) tentang jenis cedera yang terjadi selama situasi kompetisi di antara atlet Pencak Silat dan kasus cedera spesifik gender yang berbeda di Pencak Silat. Responden penelitian adalah 186 atlet pencak silat yang mengikuti SUKMA XIX Perak 2018. Responden penelitian sejumlah 186 berusia antara 18 dan 21 tahun. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa cedera yang paling sering pada pencak silat memar, dan cedera yang paling jarang adalah patah tulang. Penyebab utama sebagian besar luka di pencak silat adalah menendang. Selain itu, cedera berulang tingkat tertinggi yang terjadi selama pelatihan dan kompetisi adalah memar. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa cedera yang berbeda terjadi berdasarkan jenis kelamin karena kemampuan jenis kelamin. Cedera dalam seni bela diri adalah hasil dari tendangan dan pukulan yang sebagian besar mengakibatkan memar dan sering terjadi pada atlet pria.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 434,
"top": 37,
"width": 123,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebatik Vol. 27 No. 1 Juni 2023 ISSN: 1410-3737(p) 2621-069X(e) Open access article licensed under CC-BY jurnal.wicida.ac.id/index.php/sebatik",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 535,
"top": 784,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "217",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 233,
"height": 492,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemahaman faktor risiko akan membantu mengembangkan langkah-langkah pencegahan untuk keselamatan atlet. Penelitian tentang daya tahan kecepatan atlet pencak silat dilakukan oleh Sepriadi Suwirman dkk (Suwirman et al., 2021). Pencak silat adalah cabang seni bela diri yang membutuhkan kondisi fisik yang baik untuk dapat mencapai kinerja maksimal, salah satunya adalah daya tahan kecepatan. Responden 160 atlet pencak silat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan instrumen ketahanan kecepatan yang dikembangkan sebagai ukuran daya tahan kecepatan atlet pencak silat sesuai dengan validitas 0.95 dan reliabilitas 0.97. Penelitian identifikasi respon akut latihan dasar terhadap biomarker sistem imun dilakukan oleh R. Irawan (2021). Pencak Silat adalah latihan bela diri yang berasal dari Indonesia dan dikategorikan sebagai latihan intensitas tinggi. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi respon akut latihan dasar Pencak Silat terhadap interleukin-6 (IL-6) sebagai biomarker sistem imun pada siswa Perguruan Pencak Silat Thagrejo, Bojonegoro. Sejumlah 26 siswa responden dari Perguruan Pencak Silat Tulungrejo, Bojonegoro. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kadar IL-6 yang signifikan antara pra-pelatihan dan setelah pelatihan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa latihan dasar yang dilakukan oleh siswa baru Perguruan Pencak Silat TShield Diri meningkatkan kadar serum IL- 6. Penelitian N. Subekti dkk (Subekti et al., 2021) menyelidiki intensitas fisik berdasarkan struktur waktu pada kompetisi elit pencak silat. Pencak silat adalah seni bela diri yang ditandai dengan pertarungan kontak seluruh tubuh. Klasifikasi intensitas dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas intensitas tinggi (HIA), aktivitas intensitas rendah (LIA), dan off position (OP). Sampel sebanyak 45 atlet menggunakan sistem analisis waktu- gerak. Semua gerakan relatif terhadap waktu pertandingan dicatat selama pertarungan. Data diperoleh dengan membandingkan perkelahian antara divisi berat dan putaran pertandingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik pencak silat bersifat intermiten. Hasil penelitian ini berguna bagi pelatih yang mengembangkan program pelatihan untuk lebih beradaptasi denagn tuntutan fisik pertandingan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 582,
"width": 233,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian praktik beban pada penurunan berat badan atlet silat dilakukan oleh C.J.H. Teo dkk (Teo et al., 2022). Metode Penelitian dengan menggunakan kuesioner, studi cross sectional berbasis kuesioner ini meneliti praktik beban pada penurunan berat badan atlet Silat di kejuaraan Pencak Silat nasional. Praktik manajemen berat badan berisiko seperti penggunaan obat pencahar, pil diet dan muntah dibandingkan dengan olahraga lainnya. Pelatih dan sesama atlet adalah pemberi pengaruh utama praktik penurunan berat badan, dan ahli diet ditemukan sebagai sumber daya yang kurang dimanfaatkan. Pemberdayaan pelatih untuk latihan penurunan berat badan atlet. Temuan penelitian memberikan informasi strategi diet khusus Silat untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan kinerja atlet. Penelitian J.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 87,
"width": 233,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lubis dkk (Lubis, Thongdaeng, et al., 2022) menguji efek latihan interval aerobik (AI) yang dilakukan selama lima minggu pada indeks massa tubuh (BMI), detak jantung basal, dan VO2max atlet. Salah satu latihan fisik yang mempengaruhi komposisi tubuh adalah aktivitas aerobik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental pada 30 atlet pencak silat tingkat Nasional. Penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan desain one-group pre-test dan post-test Mi Xiaomi Body Scale 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 191,
"width": 233,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan Berat badan, BMI, persentase lemak tubuh, denyut jantung basal, dan VO2max setelah lima minggu pelatihan AI. Pelatihan AI yang dilakukan selama lima minggu meningkatkan VO2max dan menurunkan denyut jantung basal, berat badan, dan persentase lemak. Penelitian pengaruh pelatihan interval aerobic pada berat badan atlet dilakukan oleh J. Lubis dkk (Lubis et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 294,
"width": 233,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Persaingan dalam olahraga seni bela diri tergantung pada berat badan atlet sehingga mereka dapat bersaing di kelas berat yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan interval aerobik pada atlet elit nasional yang kelebihan berat badan berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh (BMI), VO2max, dan denyut nadi basal. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling 8 atlet elit Pencak Silat nasional. Berat badan, BMI, persentase lemak tubuh, massa otot, tingkat metabolisme basal, dan VO2max menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan setelah lima minggu pelatihan AI.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 432,
"width": 233,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelatihan AI tidak menghasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam variabel yang diukur, yaitu persentase air, protein, lemak visceral , kepadatan tulang, usia biologis, dan denyut nadi basal, pada atlet elit Pencak Silat yang kelebihan berat badan. Pelatihan AI selama lima minggu meningkatkan VO2max dan menurunkan berat badan dan persentase lemak. Penelitian tentang efek karantina COVID-19 terhadap massa tubuh antara atlet olahraga tempur dan estetika dilakukan oleh J. Junaidi dkk (Junaidi et al., 2021). Massa tubuh merupakan hal yang krusial di tengah pandemi COVID- 19, terutama dalam olahraga tarung dan estetika yang menggunakan massa atau berat badan sebagai variabel dalam menentukan kelas/divisi pertandingan. Responden sebanyak 150 atlet pria, dalam kelompok usia 20-23 tahun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 616,
"width": 233,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini fokus pada dua bagian: pengukuran massa tubuh sebelum penerapan pembatasan sosial berskala besar di DKI Jakarta (Pre-LSCR). Kuesioner Life Satisfaction (LS) diberikan kepada semua responden. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa olahraga estetika lebih ringan daripada olahraga tarung selama masa karantina 20 hari di masa pandemi COVID- 19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 720,
"width": 105,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. RUANG LINGKUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 731,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Permasalahan penelitian ini mencakup:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 37,
"width": 465,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2023, The Author(s). Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights; Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights, The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books, The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, The right to self-archive the article",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 784,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "218",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 88,
"width": 126,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.1. Cakupan permasalahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 99,
"width": 233,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah masih kurangnya media pembelajaran artistik pencak silat di perguruan tinggi seni berbasis augmented reality dan kecerdasan artifisial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 157,
"width": 136,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2. Batasan-batasan penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 168,
"width": 233,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Batasan penelitian ini adalah artikel jurnal yang dipilih dari 83 artikel yang ditemukan dengan kata kunci ”pencak silat”. Pilihan artikel berdasarkan tahun terbit 2 tahun terakhir sejumlah 30 artikel dari tahun 2021-2023 yang terindeks scopus .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 237,
"width": 157,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.3. Rencana hasil yang didapatkan .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 248,
"width": 233,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan berupa kesenjangan topik penelitian pencak silat dari penelitian sebelumnya yang telah dipublikasikan dalam jurnal bereputasi terindeks scopus dari tahun 2021 s.d 2023. Temuan kategorisasi media pembelajaran dalam penelitian pencak silat yaitu pertama, mode pembelajaran dan kedua, multimedia pembelajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 341,
"width": 124,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. BAHAN DAN METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 352,
"width": 233,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif- kuantitatif dengan menggunakan teknik analisis bibliometric dan analisis isi artikel. Analisis bibliometric pada 83 artikel dengan kata kunci pencak silat di database scopus untuk mengetahui tren dan kesenjangan (gap) topik penelitian pencak silat. Sedangkan analisis isi artikel jurnal yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2022 s.d 2023 untuk mengetahui kategorisasi media pembelajaran pencak silat yang sudah dilakukan penelitian sebelumnya. Berikut hasil analisis bibliometric pada 83 artikel dengan menggunakan VosViewer versi 1.6.17 :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 621,
"width": 161,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Hasil Analisis Bibliometric",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 632,
"width": 120,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel Ilmiah Pencak Silat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 655,
"width": 233,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. PEMBAHASAN Penelitian tentang pencak silat dan media pembelajaran pencak silat sudah banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. Pertama, Penelitian tentang pencak silat dilakukan oleh I.K. Sudiana dkk (2023), R.I Doewes dkk (2022), N. Ihsan dkk (2022), O. Hadiana dkk (2022), R. Sudirman dkk (2022), C.J.H. Teo dkk (2022), R. Amrullah dkk (2022), Widiastuti dkk (2022), N.Ihsan (2022), A. Fikri dkk (2022), J. Lubis dkk (2022), R.A",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 87,
"width": 233,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Latif dkk (2022), F.A. Irawan dkk (Perguna et al., 2021)(2021), J. Lubis dkk (2021), J. Junaidi dkk (2021). Kedua, penelitian tentang media pembelajaran pencak silat dilakukan oleh G.N.A Yudaparmita dkk (2023), J. Lubis dkk (2022), N.R. Muktiani dkk (2022), S.Nelson dkk (2022), N. Rohayati dkk (2022), L. Anifah dkk (2022), J. Sampurna (2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 168,
"width": 234,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mode pembelajaran pencak silat dengan luring dan hybrid . Sedangkan multimedia pembelajaran yang digunakan berbasis augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) dan aplikasi android Kinovea .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 214,
"width": 234,
"height": 285,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian pedagogik pencak silat dilakukan oleh peneliti Malaysia Penelitian eksplorasi naratif perkembangan silat dari masa kanak-kanak hingga remaja dalam konteks silat Malaysia dilakukan oleh S.N. A Razak (Razak et al., 2022). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode narasi literatur untuk memetakan perkembangan silat di Malaysia dari sistem sekolah dalam kurikulum sekolah hingga tingkat kebijakan dan legislatif, tantangan, dan bagaimana keterkaitan dengan pengembangan pemuda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa seni pencak, praktik silat dan pengembangannya mencakup berbagai bentuk, terstruktur, metodologis dan sistematis. Elemen pertempuran, pertahanan diri dan olahraga, pengembangan dan praktiknya memasukkan unsur-unsur ilmu dan kinerja olahraga, kesehatan dan kesejahteraan, humaniora dan ilmu sosial. Praktik silat memasukkan komponen kesehatan dan perkembangan dan menjadi holistik. Penanaman dasar tradisional keterampilan pertarungan dasar dan pertahanan diri psikomotorik pada silat dapat mengembangkan nilai afektif dan kognitif. Dari hasil analisis isi di atas maka media pembelajaran dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 2 yaitu mode pembelajaran dan multimedia pembelajaran sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 513,
"width": 107,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.1. Mode Pembelajaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 524,
"width": 233,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mode pembelajaran pencak silat disampaikan dengan cara luring dan hybrid .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 559,
"width": 71,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.1.1. Luring",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 570,
"width": 234,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelajaran luring dilakukan untuk efektivitas latihan stabilitas otot inti dan adaptasi anatomi latihan sesuai kemampuan atlet atau siswa pencak silat. Otot inti sangat penting untuk stabilisasi dan membangun kekuatan dalam semua kegiatan olahraga. Pengukuran efektivitas model ini dilakukan oleh R. Amrullah dkk (Amrullah et al., 2022). Tujuan penelitian mengetahui efektivitas model pelatihan stabilitas inti berbasis bola Swiss bagi siswa-atlet Pencak silat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain pretest- posttest control group design. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa-atlet Pencak silat di Pontianak. Secara khusus, sampel adalah atlet pelajar berusia 15-17 tahun. Responden penelitian ini adalah 60 siswa-atlet yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS Statistics",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 434,
"top": 37,
"width": 123,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebatik Vol. 27 No. 1 Juni 2023 ISSN: 1410-3737(p) 2621-069X(e) Open access article licensed under CC-BY jurnal.wicida.ac.id/index.php/sebatik",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 535,
"top": 784,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "219",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 233,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "versi 16. Hasil penelitian bahwa kekuatan otot inti kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi atau lebih efektif daripada kelompok kontrol. Uji keseimbangan kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi atau lebih efektif daripada kelompok kontrol.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 145,
"width": 233,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelajaran luring dengan alat latihan sederhana dilakukan oleh Widiastuti dkk (Fikri et al., 2022). Alat latihan sederhana yang digunakan adalah karet gelang, tali dan stik busa untuk meningkatkan keterampilan Guntingan atlet Pencak Silat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain pretest- posttest control group design . Pada desain ini terdapat dua kelompok sampel, yaitu kelompok alat latihan sederhana percobaan dan kelompok pelatihan keterampilan potong sederhana. Responden berjumlah 60 atlet dari Betako Merpati Putih PPS Sekolah Pencak Silat di MA Al-Khairiyah Jakarta yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada hasil tes peserta sebelum dan sesudah mereka diberikan pelatihan menggunakan alat sederhana dan pelatihan tradisional untuk meningkatkan keterampilan guntingan. Pelatihan menggunakan alat pelatihan sederhana memiliki efek yang lebih baik pada keterampilan memotong daripada metode pelatihan tradisional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 398,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.1.2. Hybrid",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 409,
"width": 233,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Persepsi pembelajaran hybrid dalam pendidikan olahraga pencak silat pada salah satu PTN di Bali dilakukan oleh G.N.A Yudaparmita et.al (Yudaparmita et al., 2023). Persepsi pembelajaran hybrid dalam pendidikan olahraga pencak silat pada salah satu PTN di Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi implementasi pembelajaran hybrid dalam pendidikan olahraga, khususnya olahraga Pencak Silat di Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Mpu Kuturan Singaraja. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara, dan observasi. Hasil angket dianalisis secara kuantitatif untuk mengetahui persepsi siswa terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran hybrid. Sedangkan hasil wawancara dan observasi dianalisis secara kualitatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 559,
"width": 233,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan selama pelaksanaan pembelajaran hybrid. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa persepsi siswa sangat positif dan tantangan dalam pembelajaran hybrid ini adalah menyeimbangkan antara kegiatan luring dan daring, mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran tatap muka sekaligus mendapatkan koneksi internet dan perangkat teknologi yang andal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 663,
"width": 133,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2. Multimedia Pembelajaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 674,
"width": 233,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multimedia pembelajaran dikategorikan menjadi Augmented Reality (AR), 3D Virtual Reality (3DVR),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 697,
"width": 233,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kecerdasan Artifisial (AI), dan Aplikasi Android Kinovea sebagai berikut :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 88,
"width": 109,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2.1. Augmented Reality",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 99,
"width": 233,
"height": 227,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Augmented Reality (AR) merupakan aplikasi teknologi yang dapat menyajikan objek virtual dalam virtual 3D dalam bentuk nyata dan disajikan secara real time. AR mampu menyajikan konsep abstrak yang lebih nyata ke dalam bentuk 3 Dimensi (3D). Aspek praktiks, daya tarik dan memotivasi dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dapat memudahkan pembelajaran mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh S.Nelson et.al (Nelson et al., 2022) bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis AR menarik dan efektif bagi mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah pencak silat di fakultas ilmu keolahragaan yang berisi materi praktis dan teori pencak silat. Multimedia pembelajaran Pencak silat berbasis Augmented Reality Mobile App efektif untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa dan mampu digunakan dalam pembelajaran Pencak silat bagi siswa JHS. Penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran pencak silat berbasis Augmented Reality sangat baik dan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran (Muktiani et al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 329,
"width": 233,
"height": 250,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan multimedia pembelajaran berbasis Augmented Reality Mobile App untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar dan pembelajaran pencak silat dilakukan oleh N.R. Muktiani dkk (2022). Tujuan penelitian ini menghasilkan multimedia pembelajaran Pencak silat berbasis Augmented Reality Mobile App untuk siswa SMP. Model Penelitian dan Pengembangan APPED diterapkan dengan mengikuti beberapa tahapan, antara lain Analisis dan Penelitian Awal, Desain, Produksi, Evaluasi, dan Diseminasi. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan tes. Produk dievaluasi dalam tiga tahap, yaitu evaluasi per individu, kelompok kecil, dan lapangan (uji efektivitas). Peningkatan yang signifikan terdeteksi pada skor rata-rata hasil belajar dari pretest sampai post-test. Penelitian ini dilakukan oleh S.Nelson et.al (Nelson et al., 2022). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran pencak silat ditinjau dari aspek kepraktisan, daya tarik dan validitas. Model pengembangan penelitian menggunakan Borg and Gall. Media pembelajaran Augmented Reality dalam mata kuliah pencak silat yang valid, praktis dan efektif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 594,
"width": 144,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2.2. 3D Virtual Reality (3DVR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 605,
"width": 233,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian pengembangan desain model 3D Virtual Reality (3D VR) dan penerapan untuk pembelajaran bahasa pada kurikulum pencak silat atau seni bela diri tradisional Indonesia dilakukan oleh N. Rohayati dkk (Rohayati et al., 2022). Penelitian dengan metode R&D dan teknik pengumpulan data dari 30 responden kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Kota Tasikmalaya. Penilaian 3D VR melalui kuesioner yang divalidasi oleh media dan mata pelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Prosedur ini mencakup penilaian aplikasi perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras dalam aplikasi VR 3-D, dan terintegrasi dengan kurikulum. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tampilan realitas virtual (audio visual) dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 37,
"width": 465,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2023, The Author(s). Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights; Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights, The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books, The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, The right to self-archive the article",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 784,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "220",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 87,
"width": 233,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dimanfaatkan untuk pembelajaran bahasa pada pencak silat. Terbukti pula bahwa perkembangan teknologi VR 3D untuk mata pelajaran pendidikan jasmani dapat memenuhi kebutuhan belajar bahasa siswa dengan mempengaruhi kemampuan kognitif dan afektif serta menjauhkan siswa dari pemahaman hal-hal abstrak dan kompleks. Perancangan media untuk memperkenalkan pencak silat yaitu rhythm game dengan teknologi virtual reality dilakukan oleh J. Sampoerna dkk (Sampoerna et al., 2021). Permainan ritme virtual reality dimainkan dengan cara memukul objek yang masuk sesuai dengan lagu yang sedang dimainkan. Pemain dapat memukul objek itu dengan menggunakan gerakan pencak silat yang sesuai dengan objek. Gerakan yang digunakan dalam game ini adalah \" straight punch\", \"denial punch\", dan \"fell\". Game dievaluasi dengan menggunakan Hedonic-Motivation System Adoption Model atau pemodelan HMSAM untuk menentukan tingkat kepuasan pemain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 317,
"width": 153,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2.3. Kecerdasan Artifisial (AI)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 329,
"width": 51,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 329,
"width": 233,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kecerdasan artifisial untuk mengidentifikasi pukulan dan tendangan pencak silat. Identifikasi pukulan dan tendangan merupakan dasar penentuan skor dalam pertandingan pencak silat. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh L. Anifah dkk (Anifah et al., 2022) mengidentifikasi pukulan dan tendangan di Pencak Silat. Tahapan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah perancangan perangkat keras, perancangan perangkat lunak, ekstraksi fitur, perancangan logika fuzzy , dan tahapan uji coba. Data yang digunakan adalah 200 data primer, yang terdiri dari 100 pukulan dan 100 tendangan yang dilakukan secara acak. Sistem penilaian diharapkan dapat menjadi sistem pendukung keputusan bagi wasit dan hakim dalam menentukan skor dalam pertandingan Pencak Silat. Selain itu, dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan performa saat atlet berlatih sebelum pertandingan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 536,
"width": 146,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2.4. Aplikasi Android Kinovea",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 547,
"width": 233,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dalam pembelajaran, siswa akan dapat belajar dengan lebih efektif. Desain pembelajaran dengan menggunakan aplikasi android kinovea merupakan formula yang tepat untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pencak silat. Hasil penelitian J. Lubis dkk (Lubis, Thongdaeng, et al., 2022) membuktikan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap model pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang terintegrasi dengan aplikasi Android berbasis analisis biomekanik untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar artistik tunggal pencak silat dan item difficulty functioning (DIF) berdasarkan gender.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 685,
"width": 233,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian J. Lubis dkk (Lubis, Haqiyah, et al., 2022) bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan model flipped classroom yang dikombinasikan dengan aplikasi Android berbasis analisis biomekanik untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pencak silat dan berfokus pada pengajaran siswa gerakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 87,
"width": 233,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kategori artistik tunggal pencak silat. Penelitian ini melibatkan 76 mahasiswa pendidikan jasmani dari Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi di Indonesia. Prosedur pengujian digunakan untuk mengukur hasil belajar pencak silat dengan 50 gerakan tangan kosong artistik tunggal. Analisis Rasch dan video analisis biomekanik pencak silat dalam aplikasi Android dibuat dengan aplikasi Kinovea dan pengembang perangkat lunak RAD Studio 10.3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 202,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 214,
"width": 234,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kategorisasi media pembelajaran pencak silat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu mode pembelajaran dan multimedia pembelajaran. Mode pembelajaran artistik pencak silat dilakukan secara luring dan hybrid. Sedangkan multimedia pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam kurikulum pencak silat yaitu berbasis augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), kecerdasan artifisial (AI) dan aplikasi android Kinovea .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 317,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. SARAN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 329,
"width": 234,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya yaitu mengembangkan media pembelajaran artistik pencak silat berbasis augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) dan kecerdasan artifisial (AI). Pengumpulan data berasal dari berbagai aliran pencak silat di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 398,
"width": 109,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 409,
"width": 233,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amrullah, R., Sari, S., Fallo, I. S., Agus Lauh, W. D., & Purnomo, E. (2022). Swiss Ball-Based Core Stability Exercise for Students-Athletes of Pencak Silat in Pontianak: Experimental Study.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 455,
"width": 209,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences , 10 (4), 700–708. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100410",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 490,
"width": 233,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anifah, L., Zuhrie, M. S., Haryanto, M., Holis, N., & Febri Sudibyo, M. R. (2022). A new approach puch and kick identification in martial sport pencak silat using fuzzy logic. Proceedings: 2022 International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer and Information",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 559,
"width": 82,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Technology , 34–38.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 570,
"width": 234,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Doewes, R. I. et. a. (2022). Biomechanics analysis on Jejag kick of pencak silat. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology , 29 (4). https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2022.989",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 616,
"width": 233,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fikri, A., Pratama, R. R., Widiastuti, W., Samsudin, S., Samsudin, S., Haqiyah, A., Ramadhan, A., Hardiyono, B., & Hidayat, A. (2022). Tennis Ball Exersice: Variation to Increase Arm Muscle Strength in Martial Athletes at Sriwijaya State Sports School. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences , 10 (5), 964–972. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100513",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 708,
"width": 233,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hadiana, O. et. al. (2022). Life Skill Development through Pencak Silat Martial Arts Training: An Intentionally Structured Positive Youth Development Program. International Journal of",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 434,
"top": 37,
"width": 123,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebatik Vol. 27 No. 1 Juni 2023 ISSN: 1410-3737(p) 2621-069X(e) Open access article licensed under CC-BY jurnal.wicida.ac.id/index.php/sebatik",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 535,
"top": 784,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "221",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Human Movement and Sports Sciences , 10 (4),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 99,
"width": 233,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "660–667. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100405 Ihsan, N., Hanafi, R., Sepriadi, S., Okilanda, A., Suwirman, S., & Mario, D. T. (2022). The Effect of Limb Muscle Explosive Power, Flexibility, and",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 145,
"width": 208,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Achievement Motivation on Sickle Kick",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 156,
"width": 208,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Performance in Pencak Silat Learning. Physical",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 168,
"width": 206,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Education Theory and Methodology , 22 (3), 393– 400. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3.14",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 191,
"width": 233,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ihsan, N., Hidayat, R., Damrah, D., Neldi, H., Sepriadi, S., & Muslimin, M. (2022). The Contribution of Leg Muscle Explosive Power, Agility, and Self- confidence on Sickle Kick Performance. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences , 10 (4), 683–688. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100408",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 271,
"width": 233,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Irawan, F. A., Nomi, M. T., & Peng, H.-T. (2021). Pencak Silat Side Kick in Persinas ASAD: Biomechanics Analysis. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences , 9 (6), 1230–1235. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090617",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 340,
"width": 233,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Junaidi, J., Apriyanto, T., Winata, B., & Inarota, L. (2021). Monitoring body mass status during the COVID-19 quarantine in combat and aesthetic sports. Advances in Rehabilitation , 35 (3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5114/areh.2021.107787",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 398,
"width": 233,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Latif, R. A., Yusoff, Y. M., Tumijan, W., Linoby, A. F. L. R., & Yoyok, S. (2022). Injury in martial art activities: Focusing on pencak silat athletes. Ido Movement for Culture , 22 , 53–62. https://doi.org/10.14589/ido.22.2S.7",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 455,
"width": 233,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lubis, J., Fitrianto, E. J., Sukiri, H., A., S., Y., R., & A., . . . Sumartiningsih, S. (2021). Does aerobic interval training induce a decrease in body weight in pencak silat elite athletes? Journal of Physical",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 501,
"width": 208,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Education and Sport , 2372–2380.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 513,
"width": 162,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4318",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 524,
"width": 233,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lubis, J., Haqiyah, A., Kusumawati, M., Irawan, A. A., Hanief, Y. N., & Riyadi, D. N. (2022). Do problem-based learning and flipped classroom models integrated with android applications based on biomechanical analysis enhance the learning outcomes of pencak silat? Journal of Physical Education and Sport , 22 (12), 3016–3022. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.12381",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 616,
"width": 233,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lubis, J., Thongdaeng, N., Haqiyah, A., Sukur, A., Abidin, D., Ayu Irawan, A., Sumartiningsih, S., & Nanda Hanief, Y. (2022). The Effect of Five-Week Aerobic Interval Training on The Body",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 662,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Composition of Pencak Silat Elite Athletes.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 674,
"width": 209,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science , 10 (2),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 685,
"width": 30,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16–24.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 697,
"width": 233,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.16 Mizanudin, Muhammad, Andri Sugiyanto, S. (2018). Pencak Silat Sebagai Hasil Budaya Indonesia Yang Mendunia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia (SENASBASA) , 264–270.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 87,
"width": 233,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22219/.v2i2.2302 Muktiani, N. R., Soegiyanto, S., Siswantoyo, S., Rahayu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 110,
"width": 209,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "S., & Hermawan, H. A. (2022). Augmented reality mobile app-based multimedia learning of pencak silat to enhance the junior high school students’ learning outcomes. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan , 41 (2),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 156,
"width": 208,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "553–568. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v41i2.49217",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 179,
"width": 233,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mulyana, B., & Lutan, R. (2021). The Lost Inner Beauty in Martial Arts: A Pencak Silat Case. The International Journal of the History of Sport , 37 (12), 1172–1186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2020.1742703 Nelson, S., Darni, R., & Haris, F. (2022). Development augmented reality (AR) learning media for pencak silat course at faculty of sports and science universitas negeri padang. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice , 28 (1), 37– 46.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 306,
"width": 233,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perguna, L. A., Irawan, L. Y., Kurniawati, E., Triharini, S., Pahlevi, D. S., & Febrianto, A. D. (2021). Halal for all: Geo spatial tourism of halal food stalls in Muslim minority tourist destinations. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites , 36 (2 spl), 715–720. https://doi.org/10.30892/GTG.362SPL20-702",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 375,
"width": 233,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Razak, S. N. A., Muhamad, T. A., Meng, L. K., Abdul Rahim, M. R., Mohd Nor, M. A., Samsudin, H., & Nawai, N. S. (2022). A narrative exploration of issues in silat development from children to youth athletes. Ido Movement for Culture , 22 (2), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.14589/ido.22.2S.3",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 444,
"width": 233,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rohayati, N., Hodiyah, I., & Marwan, I. (2022). Development of three-dimensional virtual reality technology for learning languages in pencak silat curriculum. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics , 8 (2), 283–290. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.911561",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 513,
"width": 233,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sampoerna, J., Istiono, W., & Suryadibrata, A. (2021). Virtual Reality Game for Introducing Pencak Silat. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (IJIM) , 15 (01), 199.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 559,
"width": 233,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i01.17679 Subekti, N., Syaifullah, R., Fatoni, M., Syaukani, A. A., Warthadi, A. N., & Arni-Rayhan, A. R. (2021). Pencak silat combat match: Time motion analysis in elite athletes championship. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise . 16 (4), 1597–1608. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.Proc4.05xa Sudiana, I. K., Swadesi, I. K. I., Artanayasa, I. W., Ariani, N. L. P. T., Kusuma, K. C. A., & Sumadita, I. W. (2023). Plyometric Stair Jump and Reaction Box Jump to Improve the Frequency of Straight- forward Kicks in Pencak Silat Athletes.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 697,
"width": 233,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences , 11 (1), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110119 Sudirman, R., Asmawi, M., Hanif, A. S., Refiater, U. H., Suharto, T. H., Aryadi, D., & Rahmat, A. (2022).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 37,
"width": 465,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2023, The Author(s). Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights; Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights, The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books, The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, The right to self-archive the article",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 784,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "222",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Effect of Training Methods and Explosion of",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 99,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Limb Muscles on Pencak Silat Kicking Skills.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 110,
"width": 209,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences , 10 (2), 193–198.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 133,
"width": 168,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100209",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 43,
"top": 145,
"width": 233,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suwirman, S., Sepriadi, S., Ihsan, N., & Deswandi, D. (2021). Instrument Speed Endurance Test of Pencak Silat Athletes. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences , 9 (6), 1447–1452. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090641 Teo, C. J. H., Juanda, S., & Reale, R. (2022). Less Aggressive Weight Making Practices in Combat Sport When Recovery Time is Limited: Weight Loss Practices of Pencak Silat Athletes in Singapore. Journal of Science in Sport and",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Exercise , 4 (1), 60–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-020-00094-x",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 110,
"width": 234,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yudaparmita, G. N. A., Kanca, I. N., Sudiana, I. K., & Dharmadi, M. A. (2023). Hybrid Learning on Pencak Silat Sport in Higher Education: Students’ Perception and Issues. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice , 23 (1). https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i1.5781",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 363,
"top": 191,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 202,
"width": 229,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ucapan terima kasih kepada Direktorat Penelitian Akademik, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia dan Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung yang telah memfasilitasi penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
13b58aae-8229-097e-fa37-6eb1c985972f | https://vitek-fkh.uwks.ac.id/index.php/jv/article/download/13/15 | [
{
"left": 517,
"top": 56,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 84,
"width": 449,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PAKAN TAMBAHAN TEPUNG BEKICOT ( ACHATINA FULICA ) TERHADAP MOTILITAS DAN VIABILITAS SPERMATOZOA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 202,
"top": 112,
"width": 191,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PADA MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 140,
"width": 205,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fradila Nurmahita Rosandi 1 , Agus Sjafarjanto 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 152,
"width": 295,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 164,
"width": 441,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bagian Penyakit Dalam Veteriner Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 273,
"top": 193,
"width": 52,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 218,
"width": 454,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung bekicot (Achatina fulica) terhadap motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa mencit (Mus musculus).Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah mencit sebagai control, mencit yang diberi tepung bekicot 1 g, 2 g, dan 3 g. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Reproduksi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya pada tanggal 4 Agustus sampai 18 Agustus 2014. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Analisis Varian (ANOVA).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa ada pengaruh tepung bekicot (Achatina fulica) terhadap motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa mencit (Mus musculus). Perlakuan pemberian tepung bekicot (Achatina fulica) 3 g mampu meningkatkan motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa dibandingkan dengan pemberian tepung bekicot (Achatina fulica) 1 g dan 2 g.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 370,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Tepung Bekicot (Achatina fulica), Motilitas, Viabilitas, Spermatozoa, Mencit (Mus musculus)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 56,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 100,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 125,
"width": 213,
"height": 226,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tikus putih atau biasa disebut dengan Mencit ( Mus musculus ) merupakan salah satu hewan percobaan dilaboratorium, hewan ini dapat berkembang biaksecara cepat dan dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. Mencittermasuk hewan pengerat (Rodentia) yang cepat berbiak, mudah dipelihara dalamjumlah banyak, variasi genetiknya cukup besar serta anatomi dan fisiologisnya. Mencit adalah hewan yang sengaja dipelihara dan diternakkan untuk dipakai sebagai hewan model, dan juga untuk mempelajari dan mengembangkan berbagai macam bidang ilmu dalam skala penelitian atau pengamatan laboratorik. Pengujian terhadap berbagai jenis obat biasanya dilakukan terlebih dahulu sebelum diberikan kepada ternak atau manusia (Widodo, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 353,
"width": 211,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mengimbangi jumlah mencit yang diperlukan maka dilakukan suatu proses breeding, untuk memulai breeding yang diperhatikan adalah memilih indukannya, indukan memegang peran yang sangat penting untuk menghasilkan banyak anak yang baik dan sehat. Selain itu diimbangi dengan pemberian pakan seperti campuran biji bijian dan voer (pur) ayam. Populasi mencit dapat ditingkatkan dengan memperbaiki penampilan reproduksinya. Reproduksi ditentukan oleh kemampuan mencit untuk menghasilkan spermatozoa yang berkualitas. Selain itu, untuk menghasilkan spermatozoa yang baik dibutuhkan dukungan organ-organ kelamin yang dapat berfungsi dengan normal (Robinson dan Singh, 2001).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 568,
"width": 210,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pakan dengan sumber protein yang tinggi juga diperlukan untuk menghasilkan kualitas spermatozoa yang baik. Ironisnya biaya untuk pakan tersebut selalu diikuti dengan harga yang tidak sedikit. Hingga saat ini pemenuhan bahan baku berprotein tinggi seperti tepung ikan 70% nya harus dipasok dari luar negeri. Memprediksi bahwa dalam beberpa era mendatang, harga bahan sumber protein tepung ikan akan semakin mahal (Widodo, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 707,
"width": 210,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas mencit dengan pakan tambahan yang murah tidak bersaing dengan kebutuhan manusia atau mengurangi jumlah ransum yang diberikan serta ekonomis dan mudah didapat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 100,
"width": 210,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu alternatif yang dapat diambil untuk menekan biaya adalah pemanfaatan tepung bekicot ( Achatina fulica ) sebagai tambahan ransum dalam pakan. Kualitasnya menyaingi bahkan melebihi tepung ikan, harganya murah, dan mudah diperoleh atau dibudidayakan. Kandungan proteinnya mencapai 62,4% dan asam aminonya tergolong cukup lengkap. Pembuatan tepung bekicot merupakan usaha untuk menghindari kesan menjijikkan terhadap bekicot dengan jalan mengolahnya menjadi bentuk yang berbeda dengan sewaktu hidupnya. Di samping itu juga bertujuan untuk memperpanjang masa simpan (Komplang, 1979).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 290,
"width": 210,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Spermatozoa mamalia mempunyai fertilitas yang tinggi ditunjukkan dengan presentase spermatozoa hidup yang tinggi dengan morfologi normal. Fertilitas spermatozoa yang baik dapat dipengaruhi oleh motilitas dan viabilitas yang baik pula. Motilitas yang normal dan baik adalah yang mampu bergerak cepat kedepan dengan ditopang oleh morfologi spermatozoa itu sendiri, sedangkan viabilitas yang baik adalah yang mempunya daya hidup yang tinggi dengan ditopang oleh energi yang dihasilkan oleh ekor spermatozoa tersebut. Berawal dari masalah ini, penelitian mengenai motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa mencit sangat perlu dilakukan mengingat bahwa hal tersebut adalah syarat mutlak bagi spermatozoa untuk bergerak menembus lapisan ovum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 518,
"width": 210,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi pengaruh penambahan tepung bekicot ( Achatina fulica ) sebagai pakan tambahan terhadap motilitas dan viabilitas sperma mencit ( Mus musculus ). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi untuk pengembangan penggunaan tepung bekicot ( Achatina fulica ) sebagai alternatif dalam mengatasi permasalahan di bidang kesehatan hewan terutama yang menyangkut permasalahan reproduksi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 365,
"top": 657,
"width": 6,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ".",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 670,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 695,
"width": 210,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hewan Coba dan Laboratorium Reproduksi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 745,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan 21 hari, pada tanggal 4 Agustus sampai 18 Agustus 2014.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 56,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 84,
"width": 211,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 16 ekor mencit jantan umur 8 minggu, pakan BR1, NaCl fisiologis (NaCl 0,9%) yang digunakan sebagai pengencer spermatozoa, tepung bekicotdan aquades yang digunakan untuk melarutkan tepung bekicot.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 160,
"width": 210,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peralatan yang digunakan selama penelitian adalah 4 buah kandang mencit yang dilengkapi dengan tempat pakan dan minum, timbangan, mikroskop, object glass, cover glass, hemocytometer, spuit, alat hitung, gelas ukur, tabung berskala, dan kanul.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 249,
"width": 211,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengambilan Sampel Pengambilan sampel sperma dilakukan setelah mencit berumur 8 minggu. Cara pengambilan sperma yaitu dengan pembedahan dan pengambilan organ reproduksi yaitucauda epididimis tepatnya. Ditempat tersebut diklem kemudian dipotong. Bagian yang dipotong tadi, dikeluarkan spermanya dengan cara dipencet, kemudian ditetesi NaCl 0,9% sebanyak 2 tetes, diaduk agar menjadi homogen sehingga memudahkan pemeriksaan. Sperma diletakkan di atas object glass, ditutup dengan deck glass diperiksa dibawah mikroskop dengan lensa obyektif perbesaran 40x, ditentukan dari 100 sperma dalam satu lapang pandang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 464,
"width": 210,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembuatan Dosis Pakan Tambahan Bekicot yang sudah dikeringkan lalu diblender agar mendapatkan tekstur halus seperti tepung. Tepung bekicot tersebut diberikan pada mencit perlakuan pertama sebanyak 1g dan dilarutakan dengan aquades sebanyak 1ml, mencit perlakuan kedua yaitu tepung bekicot 2g dilarutkan dengan aquades sebanyak 1ml, dan perlakuan ketiga yaitu tepung bekicot 3g dilarutkan dengan aquades sebanyak 1ml.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 615,
"width": 210,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prosedur Penelitian Ke-24 ekor mencit dibagi dalam 4 level perlakuan dengan 6 kali pengulangan. Satu unit perlakuan terdiri dari 1 ekor mencit. Adapun perlakuan yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 691,
"width": 206,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "P 0 : pakan komersil (BR-1) 3 gram tanpa penambahan tepung bekicot + kecambah P 1 : pakan komersil (BR-1) 3 gram dengan penambahan tepung bekicot 1 gram + kecambah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 84,
"width": 206,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "P 2 : pakan komersil (BR-1) 3 gram dengan penambahan tepung bekicot 2 gram + kecambah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 122,
"width": 206,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "P 3 : pakan komersil (BR-1) 3 gram dengan penambahan tepung bekicot 3 gram + kecambah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 173,
"width": 210,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian dilakukan sampai selama 21 hari dan dilakukan pengambilan spermatozoa. Parameter yang diukur pada saat penelitian adalah pengaruh penambahan tepung bekicot pada motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa.Analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan cara deskriptif dan rancangan percobaan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan dianalisis dengan metode ANOVA.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 325,
"width": 84,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 350,
"width": 210,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini pengaruh pemberian pakan tambahan tepung bekicot ( Achatina fulica ) terhadap motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa mencit ( Mus musculus. Hasil sidik ragam menunjukan bahwa pemberian pakan tambahan tepung bekicot (1 gr, 2 gr, 3 gr) tidak berbeda nyata terhadap kontrol. Rataan nilai motilitas pada spermatozoa mencit jantan secara oral disajikan dalam tabel berikut ini :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 489,
"width": 210,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel1. Rataan Nilai Motilitas Spermatozoa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 502,
"width": 195,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil Penelitian Perlakuan X ± SD P0 (kontrol) 50,17 ± 2,317 P1 (tepung bekicot 1 g) 46,00 ± 6,663 P2 (tepung bekicot 2 g) 51,17 ± 6,369 P3 (tepung bekicot 3 g) 55,17 ± 8,864",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 610,
"width": 210,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan : Tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata akibat perlakuan p<0,05 berdasarkan analisa ANOVA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 56,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 96,
"width": 182,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "50.17 46 51.17 55.17 40 45 50 55 60 P0 P1 P2 P3 Pemberian Tepung Bekicot Terhadap Motilitas Spermatozoa",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 240,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mean of Motilitas Spermatozoa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 266,
"width": 210,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 5.1. Grafik motilitas spermatozoa setelah dianalisa dengan ANOVA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 304,
"width": 112,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Viabilitas Spermatozoa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 316,
"width": 211,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan tambahan tepung bekicot berbeda nyata terhadap control . Untuk lebih jelasnya, dapat dilihat rataan nilai viabilitas pada spermatozoa mencit jantan secara oral disajikan dalam tabel berikut ini :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 405,
"width": 210,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel.2. Rataan Nilai Viabilitas Spermatozoa Hasil Penelitian Perlakuan X ± SD P0 ( kontrol ) 89,83 ± 0,408 a P1 (tepung bekicot 1 g) 90,33 ± 0,516 a P2 (tepung bekicot 2 g) 95,67 ± 0,816 b P3 (tepung bekicot 3 g) 96,50 ± 1,378 b",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 564,
"width": 205,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan : Angka yang diikuti superskrip huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan perbedaan nyata akibat perlakuan pada p<0,05 berdasarkan analisa ANOVA.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 93,
"width": 177,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "89.83 90.33 95.67 96.5 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 P0 P1 P2 P3 Pemberian Tepung Bekicot Terhadap Viabilitas",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 372,
"top": 237,
"width": 122,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mean Viabilitas of Spermatozoa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 275,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 5.1. Grafik viabilitas spermatozoa setelah dianalisa dengan ANOVA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 314,
"width": 109,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Motilitas Spermatozoa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 326,
"width": 43,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Motilitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 326,
"width": 210,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "merupakan suatu kemampuan spermatozoa untuk bergerak secara progresif dan dapat dijadikan patokan yang sederhana dalam penilaian semen untuk inseminasi buatan pada ternak-ternak besar. Motilitas spermatozoa ini berasal dari gerakan mendorong spermatozoa pada bagian ekor yang menyerupai gerakan cambuk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 427,
"width": 210,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada kelompok pemberian tepung bekicot 1 gr rerata motilitas yang didapat adalah sebesar 46%, pada kelompok pemberian tepung bekicot 2 gr adalah sebesar 51%, pada kelompok pemberian tepung bekicot 3 gr adalah sebesar 55% dan pada kelompok kontrol memiliki rerata sebesar 50%. Hasil pengukuran diatas relatif tidak jauh berbeda.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 541,
"width": 210,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keragaman motilitas spermatozoa mencit yang diberi tepung bekicot 3 gr menunjukkan nilai tertinggi sedangkan mencit control menunjukkan nilai terendah. Ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung bekicot ternyata dapat meningkatkan keragaman motilitas spermatozoa mencit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 630,
"width": 210,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemberian pakan tambahan tepung bekicot terhadap mencit (mus musculus) selama 21 hari dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kenaikan motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa. Parameter yang diamati pada pengamatan motilitas spermatozoa adalah spermatozoa yang bergerak lurus ke depan dan cepat, hal ini didasarkan bahwa untuk dapat membuahi sel telur dengan baik, maka spermatozoa harus menempuh perjalanan yang jauh agar dapat menembus getah mulut rahim dan lapisan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 56,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 84,
"width": 210,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "yang membungkus sel telur. Tipe gerakan spermatozoa yang baik adalah gerakan lurus kedepan sedangkan gerakan yang berkelok kelok atau berputar-putar menandakan adanya kelainan pada struktur spermatozoa. Peningkatan motilitas juga menentukan kemampuan spermatozoa dalam membuahi ovum. Seiring dengan meningkatnya motilitas maka akan meningkat pula kemampuan spermatozoa dalam membuahi ovum (Surya, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 223,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Spermataozoa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 202,
"top": 223,
"width": 24,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 223,
"width": 211,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "hidup berhubungan erat dengan motilitas sperma karena spermatozoa hidup merupakan syarat mutlak bagi spermatozoa untuk dapat menghasilkan energi dan melakukan pergerakan. Semen mamalia mempunyai fertilitas yang tinggi ditunjukan dengan presentase spermatozoa hidup yang tinggi dengan morfologi normal. Motilitas akan berlangsung dengan baik jika ditopang oleh banyak hal diantaranya adalah morfologi dari spermatozoa itu sendiri. Morfologi yang baik adalah kepala bentuk “koma” dengan besaran yang normal, ekor panjang tidak melingkar ataupun ganda. Penambahan tepung bekicot pada pakan mencit ternyata berpengaruh terhadap daya motilitas spermatozoa mencit walaupun tidak signifikan, hal ini bisa dilihat dari hasil sidik ragam yang menunjukan nilai yang relatif tidak jauh berbeda (Setyadi, 2006).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 489,
"width": 210,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ekor digunakan oleh spermatozoa untuk melakukan gerakan. Bagian utama ekor mengandung sebagian besar mekanisme daya gerak spermatozoa dan memiliki peranan fital terhadap motilitas. Ekor spermatozoa terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu bagian tengah, utama, dan bagian ujung. Bagian tengah ekor merupakan gudang energy untuk kehidupan dan gerakan spermatozoa yang dihasilkan melalui proses metabolik. Energi inilah yang digunakan oleh ekor untuk menggerakkan spermatozoa untuk bergerak (Toelihere, 1985).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 641,
"width": 211,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tepung bekicot seperti yang telah kita ketahui mempunyai kandungan air, protein, lemak, kalsium, fosfor, dan serat kasar yang salah satu fungsinya adalah sebagai cadangan makanan. Cadangan makanan ini juga bisa digunakan sebagai cadangan makanan bagi spermatozoa. Spermatozoa dapat juga menggunakan oksigen didalam proses metabolisme dan respirasi untuk mengoksidasi substrat-substrat pokok dan mengembalikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 84,
"width": 210,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ikatan fosfat untuk membangun kembali ATP ( Adenosin Tri Phosphat ). ATP yang bisa diubah menjadi energi inilah yang digunakan oleh sperma (Toelihere, 1985).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 160,
"width": 112,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Viabilitas Spermatozoa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 173,
"width": 210,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil sidik ragam menunjukan bahwa kelompok mencit yang diberi perlakuan pemberian bekicot 1 gr (P1) memiliki viabilitas berbeda nyata dengan kontrol (p<0,05). Rataan viabilitas pada mencit dengan pemberian tepung bekicot 1 gr adalah 89%, pemberian tepung bekicot 2 gr adalah 95%, pemberian tepung bekicot 3 gr adalah 96%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 287,
"width": 210,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemberian tepung bekicot 1 gr (P1) ternyata meningkatkan daya hidup (viabilitas) spermatozoa. Taraf pemberian tepung bekicot merupakan taraf yang optimal untuk meningkatkan daya hidup spermatozoa. Pemberian tepung bekicot yang lebih besar atau lebih kecil dari 1 gr tidak dianjurkan diberikan kepada mencit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 388,
"width": 210,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tepung bekicot sebagai salah satu sumber protein yang kaya akan asam amino. Asam amino arginin mempunyai peranan penting dalam sistem pertahanan tubuh imunitas seluler. Selain itu, arginin juga diketahui berperan dalam spermatogenesis. Senyawa ini dapat memblok dan menahan agen yang menghambat glikolisis pada sel sperma. Hal tersebut dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan aktivitas metabolik hingga mencapai delapan kali lipat. Proses ini akan meningkatkan ketersediaan energi sel sperma dan memperkuat daya tahan hidup spermatozoa. Kekurangan arginin dapat mengacaukan metabolisme sperma sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan viabilitas dan gangguan spermatozoa (Komplang, 1979).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 369,
"top": 616,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 641,
"width": 210,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adi, Prasetya, 2000. Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Bekicot terhadap Kdar total",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 666,
"width": 175,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Protein Darah pada Rattus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 679,
"width": 175,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Norvegicus Strain wistar dengan Diet Non Protein . Fakultas Kedokteran Umum Universitas Brawijaya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 729,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Amrullah, I.K., 2003. Nutrisi Ayam Petelur . Satu Gunung budi, Bogor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 56,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 84,
"width": 210,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Arrington, L.R., 1972. Introductory Laboratory Animal. The Breeding, Care and",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 122,
"width": 175,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Management of Experimental Animal Science . The Interstate Printers and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 147,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Publishing., New York. Berata, I Ketut, 2010. Studi Patologi Kejadian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 173,
"width": 211,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cysticercosis Pada Tikus Putih . Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Universits Udayana. Bloom & Fawcett, 2004. Buku Ajar Histologi E/12 . Penerbit Buku Kedokteran. Jakarta.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 274,
"width": 211,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Champbel, 2004. Biologi . Erlangga. Jakarta. Faranita, O.V., 2009. Kualitas Spermatozoa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 299,
"width": 176,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada TikusWistar Jantan Diabetes Melitus . Laporan Akhir Penelitian Karya Tulis Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 375,
"width": 210,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hafez, E.S.E., 1987. Semen Evaluation . InHafez, E.S.E (Ed.). Reproduction in Farm Animals. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 438,
"width": 211,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hartono,1988. Histologi Veteriner Jilid II, Organologi . Laboratorium Histologi,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 464,
"width": 175,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bagian Anatomi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 489,
"width": 33,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bogor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 514,
"width": 210,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hartono, 1992. Histologi Veteriner Jilid II .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 527,
"width": 175,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Organologi. Laboratorium Histologi,Bagian Anatomi. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Institut Pertanian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 565,
"width": 63,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bogor.Bogor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 590,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Heffner, Linda & Danny J. Schust, 2006. At a Glance Sistem Reproduksi Edisi ke 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 628,
"width": 211,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Iriandini, 2012. Pengaruh Aplikasi Cahaya Terhadap Spermatozoa Mencit (Mus musculus) . Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Sam Ratulanggi. Manado. Kaspul, 2004. Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Setelah Perlakuan Dengan Boraks . Bioscientiae Volume 1, Nomor 2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 84,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Komplang, IP., 1979. Pendayagunaan Bekicot. Kongres Biologi IV. Bandung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 122,
"width": 212,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kusumawati, D., 2004. Bersahabat Dengan Hewan Coba . Gadjah MadaYogyakarta: University Press. Malole, M.B.M dan C.S.U. Pramono, 1989. Penggunaan Hewan – hewan Percobaan di Laboratorium . Pusat Antar Universitas Bioteknologi. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Parakkasi, A., 1999. Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Ruminan . Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 299,
"width": 210,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rahardja, Boedi Setya, 2011. Pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Daging Bekicot (Achatina fulica) pada Pakan Buatan Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Ratio, Konversi Pakan dan tingkat Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Patin (Pangatus pangatus) . Universitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 388,
"width": 96,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Airlangga. Surabaya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 413,
"width": 213,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riskana, T., 1999. Pengaruh Kafein Terhadap Peningkatan kadar Asam Urat Pada Darah Mencit . Tugas Akhir Tidak Diterbitkan. Program S1 FakultasMalang: Kedokteran. Unibraw.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 502,
"width": 213,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Robinson, D., Singh D.N., 2001. Alternative Protein Sources for Laying Hens. A report for the Rural Industries . Research and Development Corporation.Publication No00/144. www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/Index.htm Rohmad, 2012. Diktat kuliah dasar aneka ternak . Uniska. Kediri(http://rohmatfapertanian.wordp ress.com/2012/08/06/diktat-aneka-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 641,
"width": 175,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ternak-mencit) diakses pada tanggal 11 Januari 2014.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 679,
"width": 210,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setijono, Marcellino Mardanung, 1985. Mencit (Mus musculus) sebagai hewan percobaan.(skripsi) . Fakultas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 717,
"width": 175,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kedokteran Hewan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 56,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 84,
"width": 211,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setyadi, A.D., 2006. Organ Reproduksi Dan Kualitas Sperma Mencit (Mus musculus). Yang Mendapat Pakan tambahan Kemangi (Ocinum Basilium) Segar. Skripsi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 160,
"width": 210,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Smith, B.J. dan S. Mangkoewidjojo. 1988.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 173,
"width": 138,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemeliharaan, Pembiakan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 263,
"top": 173,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 185,
"width": 176,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penggunaan Hewan Percobaan di Daerah Tropis . Universitas Indonesia Press. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 236,
"width": 213,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Smith, J.B. dan Soesanto, 1997. Pemeliharaan, Pembiakan, dan Penggunaan Hewan Coba di Daerah Tropis . UI Press. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 299,
"width": 213,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Soewolo, 2000. Pengantar Fisiologi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 312,
"width": 213,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hewan . Proyek Pengembangan GuruSekolah Menengah Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi DepartemenJakarta: Pendidikan. Suharto, 1999. Pengolahan Bekicot Untuk Pakan Ternak . Balai Penelitian Ternak. Bogor",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 426,
"width": 210,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabu, Charles Rangga, 2002. Penyakit ayam dan penanganannya – vol 2 . KanisiusYogyakarta.(Online)(http://bo oks.google.co.id/books?id=9QnxNifP CQgC&pg=PA106&dq=pakan+menci t&hl=id&sa=X&ei=mIvSUqWpA8eO rQfG7oGoDQ&redir_ esc=y#v=onepage&q=mencit&f=false ) diakses pada tanggal 11 Januari 2014",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 552,
"width": 210,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Toelihere, M.R., 1981. Fisiologi Reproduksi Pada Ternak . Penerbit Angkasa.Bandung.Program Studi Teknologi Reproduksi Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 641,
"width": 210,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Toelihere, M.R, .1985. Inseminasi Buatan Pada Ternak .Penerbit Angkasa : Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 691,
"width": 210,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Toelihere, M.R., 1993. Inseminasi Buatan pada Ternak . Bandung: Penerbit Angkasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 84,
"width": 210,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Watson, Roger, 1997. Anatomi dan Fisiologi untuk Perawat . Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta. Widodo, Wahyu, 2002. Nutrisi dan Pakan Unggas Konstektual . Depdiknas. Jakarta",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 185,
"width": 210,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Widodo W., 2010. Bahan Pakan Unggas Non Konvensional . Buku Ajar Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Muhammadiyah. Malang. http://wahyuwidodo.staff.umm. ac.id/files/2010/ 01/.pdf Qauliyah, 2006. Mekanisme Kerja Beberapa Antioksidan . (http://astaqauliyah.blogspot.com)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 324,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yatim, Wildan, 1996. Histologi . Bandung: Tarsito.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
0cee50ff-9663-ee3e-ccc0-c786ed1654d3 | https://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/JIA/article/download/486/436 | [
{
"left": 208,
"top": 38,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 88,
"width": 224,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "INFALIBILITAS PAUS DALAM PERSPEKTIF",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 111,
"width": 142,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "GEREJA ROMA KATHOLIK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 157,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 179,
"width": 352,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Konsili Vatikan I yang didominasi oleh definisi infalibilitas paus yang pasti merupakan konsili kontoversial di dalam gereja Katolik dan dalam hubungannya dengan gereja-gereja lain serta dunia luas. Konsili menyatakan hal-hal yang tidak dapat diterima oleh banyak orang dan peristiwa ini tampaknya memperlihatkan Gereja Katolok ada pada puncak keagresifannya dan keotoriterannya. Konsili Vatikan I muncul secara mengagetkan menurut Norman P. Tanner ( 2003: 108) Konsili Trento tampaknya masih memberikan penjabaran teologi Katolik Roma secara memadai dan tidak terasa kebutuhan untuk melangkah lebih jauh dari rumusannya, teristimewa dalam perdebatan dengan gereja-gereja Protestan yang masih sangat banyak mengambil sikap mempertahankan diri, Konsili lain tampaknya tidak diperlukan. Namun pada ranah lain telah terjadi banyak peristiwa. Revolusi Perancis 1789 maupun revolusi industri yang berawal pada akhir abad 18, menimbulkan perubahan- perubahan besar pada suasana politik, sosial dan ekonomi di dunia Barat. Pencerahan abad 18 memicu timbulnya banyak tantangan intelektual pada agama Kristiani dan ini diperumit pada abad berikutnya oleh kemajuan dalam bidang IPA yang memunculkan masalah lebih lanjut, seperti penyelidikan Darwin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 417,
"width": 228,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Infalibilitas dan Gereja Roma Katolik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 462,
"width": 96,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "1. Pendahuluan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 485,
"width": 352,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Menurut Helwig (1974: 169) dan Tanner ( (2003: 95), dalam teologi Katolik infalibilitas kepausan adalah dogma yang menyatakan bahwa, dengan kuasa Roh Kudus, Sri Paus dilindungi dari (bahkan) kemungkinan membuat kesalahan ketika ia secara resmi menyatakan atau mengumumkan kepada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 38,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "2",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "gereja mengenai sebuah ajaran dasar tentang iman atau moralitas seperti yang terkandung di dalam wahyu Tuhan, atau setidaknya memiliki hubungan yang sangat dalam dengan wahyu Tuhan. Untuk semua ajaran infalibilitas , Roh Kudus juga bekerja lewat tubuh gereja untuk memastikan bahwa ajaran-ajaran tersebut diterima oleh semua umat Katolik. Doktrin ini didefinisikan secara dogmatis dalam Konsili Vatikan Pertama tahun 1870. Menurut teologi Katolik, ada beberapa konsep yang penting untuk dipelajari agar bisa mengerti tentang infalibilitas dan wahyu Tuhan yaitu Kitab Suci, Tradisi Suci dan Magisterium (Majelis) Suci. Ajaran-ajaran infalibilitas kepausan adalah bagian dari Magisterium Suci, yang juga terdiri atas dewan-dewan ekumenikal (kumpulan para uskup) serta majelis-majelis biasa dan dunia. Dalam teologi Katolik, infalibilitas kepausan adalah salah satu terusan dari infalibilitas gereja. Infalibilitas kepausan harus berdasarkan pada, atau minimal tidak mengkontradiksi tradisi suci maupun kitab suci. Infalibilitas kepausan tidak berarti bahwa Sri Paus adalah suci sempurna, yakni dirinya khusus dibebaskan dari beban dosa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 301,
"width": 352,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Dalam Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, Infalibilitas (dari kata bhs. Inggris infallible ) adalah ajaran yang menyatakan sesuatu tidak mungkin melakukan kesalahan. Di lingkungan Gereja Katolik Roma dogma ini umumnya dikenakan kepada paus dalam dogma infalibilitas Paus, sementara di lingkungan Gereja-gereja Protestan dogma ini dikenakan kepada Alkitab dalam dogma infalibilitas Alkitab. Jelasnya infalibilitas Paus berarti bahwa Paus, apabila ia berbicara mengenai hal-hal yang menyangkut iman atau moral ex cathedra (artinya, dari kedudukannya secara resmi dan sebagai gembala dari gereja yang universal), ia benar dan karenanya tidak mungkin berbuat kesalahan. Keyakinan ini mempunya sejarah yang panjang, namun baru dirumuskan sebagai dogma pada Konsili Vatikan pertama. Dalam teologi Katolik, doktrin ini adalah satu dari keempat saluran dari infalibilitas gereja. Di lingkungan gereja-gereja Protestan, doktrin ini lebih sering muncul dalam kaitannya dengan kepercayaan pemeluknya terhadap Alkitab. Menurut mereka Alkitab-lah yang infalibel , artinya pernyataan-pernyataan Alkitab tidak mungkin salah. Doktrin ini dikaitkan pula dengan doktrin ineransi Alkitab",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 38,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Sementara dalam Gereja Katolik (yang dipimpin oleh paus dan para uskup), bahwa para paus dan uskup tidak dapat salah mengajarkan dan menginterpretasi Alkitab. Kristus memberikan kuasa “infalibilitas/ infallibility” kepada para pemimpin gereja tersebut yang disebut sebagai magisterium. Magisterium adalah wewenang mengajar gereja, yang terdiri dari bapa paus (sebagai pengganti Rasul Petrus) dan para uskup (sebagai pengganti para rasul) dalam persekutuan dengannya. Karisma “tidak dapat sesat” ( infalibilitas ) yang diberikan oleh Yesus, itu terbatas dalam hal pengajaran mengenai iman dan moral. Maka kita ketahui bahwa sifat infalibilitas ini tidak berlaku dalam segala hal, namun hanya pada saat mereka mengajar secara definitif tentang iman dan moral, seperti yang tercantum dalam dogma dan doktrin resmi Gereja Katolik. Tanner ( (2003: 95)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 250,
"width": 352,
"height": 276,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Mengapa karisma infalibilitas ini perlu dan penting ? Menurut paham keagamaan Katolik, justru dengan karisma inilah Tuhan Yesus melindungi gereja yang didirikan-Nya dari perpecahan. Tanpa kuasa wewenang mengajar dari magisterium, maka seseorang dapat mengatakan pemahamannya yang paling benar, dan dengan demikian memisahkan diri dari kesatuan gereja, seperti yang sudah terjadi berkali-kali dalam sejarah gereja. Kuasa infalibilitas dari Yesus kepada Petrus dan para penerusnya diberikan oleh Yesus, pada saat Ia mengatakan kepada Petrus sesaat setelah Ia mengatakan bahwa akan mendirikan Gereja-Nya atas Petrus (Mat 16:18). Yesus berkata, : “ Kepadamu akan Kuberikan kunci Kerajaan Sorga. Apa yang kau ikat di dunia ini akan terikat di sorga dan apa yang kau lepaskan di dunia ini akan terlepas di sorga.” (Mat 16:19). Maksudnya di sini adalah Yesus memberikan kuasa kepada Petrus untuk mengajarkan tentang iman dan moral, sebagai ketentuan yang ‘mengikat’ manusia di dunia dan kelak diperhitungkan di sorga. Tanpa kesatuan pemahaman tentang iman dan moral, maka yang terjadi adalah relativisme, dan perpecahan gereja, dan ini sudah terbukti sendiri dengan adanya banyak sekali denominasi Protestan (sekitar 28.000), yang dimulai umumnya dengan ketidaksesuaian pemahaman dalam hal doktrin (baik iman maupun moral) antara para pemimpin Gereja Protestan, sehingga yang tidak setuju memisahkan diri. Maka fakta sendiri menunjukkan interpretasi pribadi tidak bisa berfungsi sebagai “filter” bagi pengajaran paus dalam hal iman dan moral. Karena pengajaran paus (magisterium) dalam hal iman dan moral sudah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 38,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "4",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "pasti 100% benar, sehingga tidak perlu difilter. Mereka mengajarkan berdasarkan sumber dari pengajaran para rasul dan bapa gereja yang langsung/ lebih dekat terhubung dengan Kristus, sedangkan manusia pada umumnya sekarang terpisah sekian abad dari jaman Kristus. Tentu mereka lebih memahami maksud Kristus daripada yang lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 162,
"width": 352,
"height": 275,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Sementara itu, Yesus dalam kapasitas-Nya sebagai Allah yang Maha tahu, sudah mengetahui akan kemungkinan ini, pada masa Ia hidup di dunia sebagai manusia. Maka, Yesus hanya mendirikan satu gereja, dan Ia berjanji bahwa Gereja-Nya tidak akan dikuasai oleh maut (lih. Mat 16:18), artinya tidak akan disesatkan oleh Iblis hingga binasa. Yesus yang mengajarkan perkawinan adalah antara satu laki-laki dan satu perempuan, juga pasti akan menerapkan hal itu sendiri, ketika melalui Rasul Paulus, Ia mengatakan bahwa Ia adalah seumpama mempelai laki-laki, dan gereja-Nya adalah mempelai perempuan (Ef 5:22-33). Sebelum sengsara-Nya, Ia juga berdoa kepada Allah Bapa, agar para rasul-Nya dan pengikut- mereka (yaitu semua sebagai anggota gereja-Nya) bersatu (Yoh 17:20-23). Dan tentu kesatuan ini termasuk dan terutama dalam kesatuan baptisan dan kesatuan ajaran, sebagai pesan Yesus yang terakhir yang diberikan kepada para rasul-Nya sebelum Ia naik ke surga (lih. Mat 28:19-20). Maka menjadi penting bagi umat Katolik untuk memahami kitab suci sesuai dengan pengajaran para rasul, agar kita dapat sungguh melaksanakan apa yang menjadi ajaran Kristus. Umat Katolik terhubung dengan para Rasul itu melalui para bapa gereja, karena para bapa gereja merupakan murid dari para rasul ataupun murid dari murid para rasul; dengan perkataan lain, merekalah yang dengan setia meneruskan ajaran dari para rasul. Melalui kesaksian para bapa gereja inilah umat memperoleh kitab- kitab Injil, dan merekalah yang menentukan kanon kitab suci, yang terdiri dari kitab-kitab yang diyakini sebagai yang diilhami oleh Roh Kudus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 450,
"width": 354,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Dengan demikian adalah suatu pandangan yang keliru menurut paham keagamaan Katolik, jika Gereja Katolik yang setia berpegang kepada pengajaran para rasul dan bapa gereja tersebut disebut sebagai gereja yang “kuno”. Umat Katolik harus melihat gereja itu sebagai “pemberian Kristus yang dibentuk oleh Kristus sendiri, dan bukannya gereja yang bisa dibentuk sesuai keinginan hati manusia. Maka dengan pengertian ini gereja hanya bisa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 38,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "5",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "diterima, dan bukannya sesuatu yang bisa ‘didirikan’ oleh manusia atas dasar pemahaman pribadi manusia tentang suatu ajaran, yang sudah ‘disesuaikan’ atau dimodernisasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Ini adalah pandangan yang keliru tentang gereja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 149,
"width": 352,
"height": 276,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Jelasnya, dengan keinginan Yesus untuk mempertahankan kesatuan gereja-Nya, maka sudah menjadi konsekuensi bahwa Ia memberikan kuasa tidak dapat sesat/ infalibilitas kepada pemimpinnya (yaitu bapa paus) untuk mengajarkan hal iman dan moral. Maka infalibilitas ini hanya berlaku: 1) jika bapa paus mengajar atas nama Rasul Petrus (jadi bukan atas nama pribadi) istilahnya “ex-cathedra“; 2) menyangkut pengajaran definitif tentang iman dan moral, 3) pengajaran ini berlaku untuk gereja secara universal. Tiga syarat ini dijabarkan dalam Konsili Vatikan II, Lumen Gentium (Konstitusi tentang Gereja), 25, menegaskan kembali apa yang telah ditetapkan dalam Konsili di Konstantinopel (869-70), Konsili Lyons (1274) dan Konsili Florence (1438- 45). Pada saat ketiga syarat di atas terpenuhi, maka pengajaran tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai pengajaran magisterium, dan ajarannya dikenal dengan sebutan tradisi suci. Tradisi suci dan kitab suci inilah yang harus dilihat sebagai “deposit of faith“, sumber ajaran iman, dan keduanya tidak terpisahkan, karena bersumber pada sumber yang sama yaitu pengajaran Kristus dan para rasul. Namun, jika ketiga syarat ini tidak dipenuhi, misalnya paus mengajar atas nama pribadi, dan bukan tentang iman dan moral, tidak pula menyangkut gereja universal, maka pengajarannya tidak dapat dikatakan “infallible/ tidak dapat sesat.” (Contoh: Paus Benediktus XVI yang adalah seorang pianis handal, mengajar musik, namun dalam hal ini, ajarannya bisa salah, karena ia mengajar tidak dalam kapasitas sebagai Rasul Petrus, dan hal yang diajarkannya bukan tentang iman dan moral).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 437,
"width": 352,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Namun demikian, fakta sejarah menunjukkan bahwa Gereja Roma Katolik dalam mempertahankan doktrin dan pengajarannya tidak pernah berhenti sekalipun mereka telah bertemu dengan berbagai kenyataan yang tidak menguntungkan, Galileo Galilei adalah contoh korban kekerasan hati gereja yang bertahan pada sikap infalibilitas . Sayang, bila pada masa sebelumnya gereja tampak benar, kali ini Vatikan salah. Setelah mengajukan teori heliosentris yang menyatakan bahwa bumi bukan pusat tata surya,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 38,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "6",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "melainkan matahari pusatnya, Galileo Galilie harus menerima kenyataan bahwa Vatikan menilai argumennya dianggap ajaran sesat. Sejak saat itu ia dihukum ekskomunikasi, sebuah hukuman pengucilan yang sangat kejam karena dianggap sebagai pesakitan yang hanya layak diberi kehidupan dalam kesepian. (Libertus,2010 : 53) Atas perintah Paus Urbanus VIII (1632-1644) ahli astronomi itu dianiaya oleh pihak inkwisisi dan dihukum tahanan rumah selama sepuluh tahun. Sekitar 350 tahun kemudian pihak Vatikan akhirnya mengakui bahwa selama ini Galileo memang benar. ( Brenda. 2011 :i)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 200,
"width": 352,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Kemudian dalam perjalanan sejarah dunia, mungkin tidak ada yang paling banyak dipertanyakan dari keputusan-keputusan Vatikan selain Perang Salib. Jika pada tindakan-tindakan lain paus di Vatikan biasa bersembunyi dan menjadikan ajaran-ajaran dan berbagai prinssip hidup yang dianutnya sebagai tameng, maka hal itu tidak terjadi pada Perang Salib. Jika tidak mau disebut sebagai yang terbodoh, mungkin Perang Salib lebih layak disebut sebagai puncak kekejaman Gereja Katolik yang kemudian mentradisi selama beberapa tahun. Bagaimana tidak Gereja Katolik yang selama berabad-abad mengajarkan bahwa membunuh adalah tindakan kejahatan yang sangat berat, kini bahkan menganjurkan pembunuhan dan pembantaian sebagai salah satu cara termudah untuk memperoleh kebahagiaan di surga. Inilah periode kelam dan merupakan sebuah awal dari periode sangat gelap gereja. Sehingga kejahatan dan kebenaran sulit dibedakan sebab ajaran gereja telah dipraktekkan secara bertentangan oleh gereja Katholik demi memperoleh kekuasaan politik. (Libertus,2010 : 55)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 399,
"width": 352,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Menurut Brenda ( Brenda. 2011 :10) selama periode yang disebut pornokrasi kepausan pada awal abad ke-10, para paus telah dimanipulasi, dieskploitasi dan digerakkan untuk maksud-maksud keji oleh para kekasih gelap yang menggunakan mereka sebagai pion-pion dalam permainan kekuasaan mereka sendiri. Dengan sedikit pembenaran, inilah masa yang disebut Kekuasaan Para Pelacur. Benediktus IX (1032-1046) yang dideskripsikan sebagai seorang yang keji, curang, buruk dan digambarkan sebagai iblis dari neraka yang menyamar sebagai pendeta. Dia juga menjual singgasana Santo Petrus kepada bapa baptisnya demi kekayaan berupa emas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 38,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "7",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Alexander IV (1492-1503) adalah seorang yang melakukan tindakan seksual dengan siapa saja, praktek korup dan nepotisme.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 124,
"width": 352,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Abad gelap keangkuhan paus dan otortitas tertinggi gereja serta ambisi mereka akan kuasa tidak hanya menyisakan kisah sedih bagi Gereja Katolik di eropa Timur. Gereja Barat di bawah paus yang mengklaim bahwa dirinya mengambil keputusan selalu benar pun mengalami kegelapan dengan pemisahan yang diawali oleh Martin Luther di Wittenberg, Jerman. para pemimpin (Paus Leo X) gereja menurut Th. Van Den End (l987: l66) sedang membangun Gereja yang terbesar di dunia, yaitu Basilea Santo Petrus di Vatikan. Gedung itu dilengkapi dengan kubah yang terbesar dan agung di dunia. Kubah itu dirancang oleh Michelangelo, salah seorang tokoh high- Renaissans di Italia. Ketika gedung ini sedang dibangun, ternyata pihak gereja mengalami kekurangan dana. Untuk menutupi hal ini, maka pihak gereja mulai menjual surat pengampunan dosa sebagai jalan untuk mengatasi persoalan dana. Untuk itu pihak gereja juga berusaha menyadarkan umatnya akan banyaknya dosa mereka, sehingga mereka lebih banyak membeli surat pengampunan dosa. Di Jerman surat aflat ini diperdagangkan oleh Tetzel, dan inilah yang menjadi pendorong dimulainya reformasi. Tetapi Tetzel berusaha meningkatkan penjualannya dengan mengatakan, bahwa surat-surat itu di samping sebagai penghapus dosa juga memperdamaikan manusia dengan Allah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 366,
"width": 352,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Kemudian Luther sebagai seorang imam ordo St. Agustinus dari Jerman harus menerima pengakuan dosa dari pihak jemaat. Mereka memperlihatkan kepadanya surat penghapusan siksa sambil berkata: “Dosa kami sudah diampuni” Luther kaget. Akhirnya dia mengambil keputusan dan menyusun 95 dalil mengenai penghapusan siksa, dalam bahasa Latin, pada 31 Oktober l5l7, dalil-dalil tersebut ditempelkannya pada pintu Gereja di Wittenberg (Th. Van Den End, l987: 166-167).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 457,
"width": 352,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Ada pun 95 tesis dari penyataan Luther di atas, seperti dikutip oleh Stephen Tong (199l: 21-23) antara lain : Tesis pertama, Tuhan Yesus Kristus dan Guru kita mengatakan, Bertobatlah kamu , hal ini berarti seluruh hidup kaum beriman adalah pertobatan. Tesis kelima, paus tidak ada hak untuk meniadakan hukuman apa pun. Tesis keenam, paus tidak berhak meniadakan dosa, paling tidak dia hanya bisa meniadakan kasus-kasus yang dia pelihara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 38,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "8",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Tesis kedua puluh satu, semua karcis penebusan dosa dan pemberitaan pengampunan seperti itu adalah salah. Tesis ketujuh puluh tujuh, jika manusia bertobat dengan sempurna berarti dia sudah mendapatkan hak pengampunan yang sempurna, dia tidak perlu lagi pengampunan dari paus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 141,
"width": 354,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas, dipandang sudah waktunya untuk mengetahui bagaimana sebenarnya makna konsep infalibilitas paus dalam perspektif Gereja Roma Katolik . Agar semangat keberagamaan umat Katolik tetap berjalan namun pada saat yang sama tidak akan menimbulkan perselisihan atau konflik di antara umat yang Katolik sendiri karena paus telah memanfaatkan infalibilitas nya. Sebagai titik tolaknya karena terdapat perbuatan atau tindakan paus yang menyimpang dari figurnya sebagai seorang santo, Menurut kepercayaan dalam Agama Katolik, maka kepala gereja adalah Sri Yesus yang dalam bentuk nampak sehari-hari di dunia diwakili oleh Sri Paus. Jadi Sri Paus adalah wakil Yesus Kristus sebagai kepala gereja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 278,
"width": 354,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Dengan demikian penelitian ini dipandang penting agar diketahui secara lebih jelas dan komprehensif makna infalibilitas paus dalam perspektif Gereja Roma Katolik. Disamping itu kajian yang mendalam tentang hal ini sangat penting, terutama dalam rangka memahami dan membongkar teologi agama yang selama ini cendrung ditampilkan dalam wajah eksklusif dan dogmatis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 363,
"width": 187,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "2. Sejarah Singkat Konsili Vatikan I",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 386,
"width": 352,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Konsili Vatikan I muncul mengagetkan menurut Norman P. Tanner ( 2003: 108) Konsili Trento tampaknya masih memberikan penjabaran teologi Katolik Roma secara memadai dan tidak terasa kebutuhan untuk melangkah lebih jauh dari rumusannya, teristimewa dalam perdebatan dengan gereja- gereja Protestan yang masih sangat banyak mengambil sikap mempertahankan diri, Konsili lain tampaknya tidak diperlukan. Namun pada ranah lain telah terjadi banyak peristiwa. Revolusi Perancis 1789 maupun revolusi industri yang berawal pada akhir abad 18, menimbulkan perubahan-perubahan besar pada suasana politik, sosial dan ekonomi di dunia Barat. Pencerahan abad 18 memicu timbulnya banyak tantangan intelektual pada agama Kristiani dan ini",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 38,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "9",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 351,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "diperumit pada abad berikutnya oleh kemajuan dalam bidang IPA yang memunculkan masalah lebih lanjut, seperti penyelidikan Darwin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 124,
"width": 352,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Sebagaimana sering terjadi dalam sejarah gereja ada dua kecendrungan yang dapat diperhatikan dalam menanggapi tantangan ini. Di satu sisi ada kecendrungan yang lebih liberal yang menerima apa yang baik dalam perkembangan ini dan melihat seberapa jauh agama Kristiani akan dapat hidup damai dengan perkembangan itu dan diperkaya oleh perkembangan itu. Disisi lain ada pendekatan konservatif yang masih menaruh curiga terhadap perubahan-perubahan itu, teristimewa perubahan yang berasal dari luar gereja. Dan pada kenyataaannya sering kali melawannya dengan menekankan kebutuhan geraja untuk mewartakan pesannya sendiri secara jelas dan tegas tanpa ragu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 260,
"width": 352,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Biasanya menurut Norman P. Tanner ( 2003: 110) orang melihat Konsili Vatikan hampir seluruhnya dari segi kemenangan orang-orang konservatif, tetapi sikap ini terlalu menyederhanakan Paus Pius IX yang mengadakan konsili menginginkan agar konsili itu berbicara dengan jelas mengenai kekuasaan gereja, teristimewa peran kesripausan dan infalibilitasnya. Sri Paus yang dipilih pada tahun 1847 itu pada awalnya dikenal orang sebagai orang liberal, tetapi segera setelah ia kehilangan Negara kesripausannya ketika menghadapi angkatan penyatuan kembali Italia, ia secara tegas mengambil langsung ke arah konservatif. Pada tahun 1864 ia menerbitkan silabus kekeliruan yang memuat serangan luas terhadap perkembangan mutakhir dan mengakhiri silabus itu dengan menghukum semua orang yang mengatakan bahwa Sri Paus Roma dapat dan harus berdamai dan menyesuaikan diri dengan kemajuan, liberalisme dan peradaban modern. Kendati demikian, yang pertama dari kedua dekrit yang diundangkan oleh konsili menyajikan usaha serius untuk berdwiwacana dengan dunia kaum cendikia zaman itu. Sungguh, orang bahkan dapat berkata bahwa ini adalah kali pertamanya, yang paling sedikit sejak gereja awal ketika sebuah konsili ekumenis atau konsili umum menyapa langsung dunia kaum cendikia yang lebih luas melampaui jemaat Kristiani saja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 511,
"width": 352,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Konsili Vatikan I menurut Norman P. Tanner ( 2003: 111) utamanya dikenal karena dekretnya yang kedua. Konstitusi mengenai Gereja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 38,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "10",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Kristus ( Pastor Aetermus), teristimewa bab mengenai infalibilitas paus. Maksud aslinya adalah untuk menghasilkan dekret penuh mengenai gereja. Dengan demikian mengisi rumpang yang ditinggalkan oleh Konsili Trento. Ancaman penarikan uskup-uskup perancis dan jerman dari konsili karena perang Perancis-Prusia yang segera meletus dan ancaman dari pasukan- pasukan Italia di bawah Garibaldi yang sekarang hampir berada di pintu gerbang Roma, menyebabkan situasinya menjadi terdesak. Akibatnya atas prakarsa sri Paus, konsili setuju untuk membicarakan bagian tersebut. Bagian dekret itu dapat diterima baik oleh Katolik maupun Ortodoks bahkan oleh orang-orang Protestan, yakni bahwa keutamaan tertentu di antara para dan di atas gereja diberikan kepada Petrus dan bahwa karena Kristus menghendaki agar Gereja-Nya berlanjut. Keutamaan ini tetap ada pada para paus hingga dewasa ini, sebagai pengganti Petrus Uskup Roma. Namun hakikat keutamaan ini didefinisikan dari segi pandang yang tidak dapat diterima oleh Gereja Ortodoks dan Reformasi dan ternyata juga sulit diterima oleh orang Katolik. Khususnya ajaran bahwa paus memiliki kekuasaan yurisdiksi yang penuh dan tertinggi terhadap seluruh gereja, tidak hanya urusan iman dan moral, tetapi juga dalam hal-hal yang menyangkut tata tertib dan pemerintahan seluruh gereja yang tersebar seantero jagad.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 339,
"width": 352,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Berbenturan dengan konsep Ortodoks mengenai otonomi gereja yang masing-masing dalam pengelolaan biasa atas urusan-urusan mereka dan merupakan anathea untuk eklesiologi gereja-gereja Reformasi. Beberapa orang Katolik pun khawatir jangan-jangan ajaran itu melemahkan kekuasaan uskup-uskup dan melemahkan derajat mereka menjadi utusan paus. Tetapi dekre itu juga menyatakan : “ Kekuasaan Sri Paus Roma pimpinan tertinggi ini sama sekali tidak menghapus kekuasaan biasa dan langsung yurisdiksi uskup, yang memberikan kekuasaan kepada uskup-uskup untuk menggembalakan dan memerintah sendiri kawanan khusus yang telah diserahkan kepada mereka. Disisi lain kekuasaan mereka ini dinyatakan, didukung dan dipertahankan oleh penggembala tertinggi dan semesta. Keutamaan paus mencakup “ Kekuasaan mengajar tanpa keliru” , begitu pernyataan dekret. Kutipan yang sulit itu berbunyi sebagai berikut : Oleh karena itu dengan setia mematuhi tradisi diterima dari awal iman Kristiani, demi kemuliaan Allah penyelamat kita, untuk mengagungkan agama Katolik dan demi keselamatan orang Kristiani,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 38,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "11",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "dengan persetujuan konsili suci, kami mengajarkan dan mendefisinikan sebagai dogma yang diwahyukan Allah bahwa apabila Paus Roma berbicara ex cathedra, yakni apabila dalam melaksanakan jabatannya sebagai penggembala dan guru semua orang Kristiani atas kekuasaan apostoliknya yang tertinggi, ia mendefinisikan sebuah ajaran mengenai iman atau moral yang harus dipegang oleh seluruh gereja. Ia atas bantuan Allah yang dijanjikan kepadanya dalam diri Santo Petrus, memiliki infalibilitas yang atas kehendak Penebus Ilahi dimiliki oleh Gereja-Nya dalam mendefinisikan ajaran mengenai imam dan moral. Oleh karena itu definisi Sri Paus Roma itu dari dirinya sendiri bukan atas persetujuan gereja tidak dapat diperbaharui.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 225,
"width": 352,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Bersumber dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, Konsili Vatikan Pertama dihimpunkan oleh Paus Pius IX melalui bula kepausan Aeterni Patris pada 29 Juni 1868. Sidang Pertama dilaksanakan di Basilika Santo Petrus pada 8 Desember 1869. Konsili ini merupakan konsili ekumenis kedua puluh bagi Gereja Katolik Roma, yang dihadiri hampir 800 pimpinan gereja. Tujuan utama paus menghimpunkan konsili ini adalah untuk memperoleh konfirmasi akan sikap yang telah ditetapkannya dalam Syllabus Errorum (1864), yang mengutuk serangkaian aliran rasionalisme, liberalisme, dan materialisme. Tujuan Konsili ini selain pengutukan itu, adalah untuk mendefinisikan doktrin mengenai gereja. Selama tiga Sidang, terlaksana diskusi dan persetujuan dua konstitusi: Dei Filius (Konstitusi Dogmatis mengenai iman Katolik, diantaranya Al kitab diinspirasikan oleh Allah) dan Pastor Aeternus (Konstitusi Dogmatik Pertama Gereja mengenai Kristus), menguraikan tentang keutamaan dan infalibilitas Uskup Roma ketika sedang memberikan dogma). Definisi infalibilitas paus bukanlah merupakan agenda orisinil untuk didiskusikan, Pius IX merasa bahwa tidak pantas baginya untuk memasukkan topik tersebut dalam agenda, tetapi segera ditambahkan setelah konsili dimulai. Hal ini menjadi kontroversial, bukan karena banyak yang tidak percaya bahwa paus tidak bisa salah, tetapi karena kebanyakan merasa bahwa doktrin tersebut tidak seharusnya dijadikan sebagai dogma resmi. John Henry Newman, sebagai contoh, menyatakan bahwa definisi formal seperti itu dapat menyebabkan banyak orang akan meninggalkan imannya. Beberapa yang mengkhawatirkan bahwa hal ini akan mendorong kecurigaan baru bahwa orang Katolik memiliki kesetiaan ganda. Pandangan ini disampaikan oleh dua",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 38,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "12",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "pertiga Uskup Amerika Serikat dan banyak dari Perancis dan Jerman. Sebanyak 60 anggota konsili kemudian bersikap absen dengan meninggalkan Roma sehari sebelum pemungutan suara. Uskup Agung Antonio Maria Claret (di kemudian hari dikanonisasi), seorang dari pengadilan kerajaan Spanyol dan pendiri dari Misionaris Putra-Putra Hati Maria Imakulata (Misionaris Claretian), dengan keras mengutuk \"penghujatan dan bidah yang diucapkan di atas lantai dalam Konsili ini,\" dan merupakan salah satu pembela terkuat dari isu infalibilitas paus dan keutamaan tahta suci Roma. Dia adalah satu-satunya anggota konsili yang dikanonisasi menjadi Santo (dibeatifikasi pada 1934 dan dikanonisasi oleh Paus Pius XII pada 1950). Kemudian ia meninggal di biara Cistercian di Fontroide, Perancis, pada 24 Oktober 1870. Diskusi dan persetujuan mengenai konstitusi tersebut memunculkan kontroversi serius yang membawa kepada pengunduran diri dari mereka yang dikemudian hari dikenal sebagai Gereja Katolik Lama. Pecahnya perang Perancis-Prussia terjadi di tengah-tengah masa konsili, menyebabkan ditunda akibat jatuhnya Roma, dan konsili ini akhirnya tidak pernah dilanjutkan. Konsili ini secara resmi tidak pernah ditutup sampai berpuluh tahun berikutnya, dan secara resmi ditutup pada waktu persiapan Konsili Vatikan Kedua. Hasil dari Konsili Vatikan Pertama ini menunjukkan kemenangan gerakan Ultramontanisme yang mendukung pemerintahan sentral Vatikan bagi Gereja Katolik. Peningkatan kesadaran akan identitas diri sebagai kaum Katolik Roma pun bermunculan di seluruh dunia, seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah lapangan pekerjaan dikehidupan religius dan kepastoran, bersama-sama dengan aktivitas politik pro-Katolik yang jelas di masing-masing negara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 402,
"width": 187,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "3. Pengertian dan dasar Infalibilitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 425,
"width": 352,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Infalibilitas (dari kata bahasa Inggeris infallible ) adalah ajaran yang menyatakan sesuatu tidak mungkin melakukan kesalahan. Di lingkungan Gereja Katolik Roma dogma ini umumnya dikenakan kepada paus dalam dogma infalibilitas paus, sementara di lingkungan Gereja-gereja Protestan dogma ini dikenakan kepada Al kitab dalam dogma infalibilitas Alkitab. Infalibilitas Paus berarti bahwa paus, apabila ia berbicara mengenai hal-hal yang menyangkut iman atau moral ex cathedra (artinya, dari kedudukannya secara resmi dan sebagai gembala dari gereja yang universal), ia benar dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 38,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "13",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "karenanya tidak mungkin berbuat kesalahan. Keyakinan ini mempunya sejarah yang panjang, namun baru dirumuskan sebagai dogma pada Konsili Vatikan Pertama pada tahun 1870. Dalam teologi Katolik, doktrin ini adalah satu dari keempat saluran dari infalibilitas gereja. Di lingkungan gereja-gereja Protestan, doktrin ini lebih sering muncul dalam kaitannya dengan kepercayaan pemeluknya terhadap Alkitab. Menurut mereka Alkitab-lah yang infalibel , artinya pernyataan-pernyataan Alkitab tidak mungkin salah. Doktrin ini dikaitkan pula dengan doktrin ineransi Alkitab.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 205,
"width": 350,
"height": 326,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Irena Handono, Pakar Kristologi, Pendiri Irena Center menuliskan, infallibility atau infalibilitas secara makna bahasa berarti lepas dari kesalahan. Ini adalah sebuah doktrin gereja yang menyatakan sesuatu tidak mungkin melakukan kesalahan. Di lingkungan Gereja Protestan doktrin ini dikenakan pada Alkitab, atau disebut dengan Infalibilitas Alkitab, yang mempunyai makna, bahwa ayat-ayat AlKitab tidak mungkin salah. Ayat-ayat Alkitab adalah merupakan wahyu tuhan yang tidak mungkin memiliki kesalahan. Di lingkungan Gereja Katolik, doktrin ini tidak dikenakan pada Alkitab sebagai wahyu tuhan, tapi dikenakan pada paus, dikenal dengan Papa Infallibility atau Infalibilitas Paus. Infalibilitas paus berarti paus sebagai pemimpin tertinggi, wakil Tuhan, Holy Father (Bapa suci), ia terjaga dari dosa. Walau doktrin ini mengakui bahwa paus tidak suci sempurna, tetapi doktrin ini meyakini bahwa seorang paus bebas dari dosa sekalipun ia telah berbuat dosa. Ex cathedra atau tahta Kepausan. Setiap statemen yang berstatus ex Cathedra yang dikeluarkan oleh paus maupun lembaga kepausan mempunyai derajat yang sama dengan ayat-ayat dalam Alkitab, yakni tidak mungkin salah. Dengan label ex Cathedra, lembaga kepausan bisa mengeluarkan pernyataan-pernyataan yang mempunyai derajat yang sama dengan wahyu Tuhan. Mempunyai sifat yang sangat mengikat bagi setiap pemeluk Katolik dan dianggap sebagai keputusan suci yang harus ditaati sebagaimana wahyu-wahyu dalam Alkitab. Salah satu contoh doktrin Ex",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 38,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "14",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 90,
"width": 350,
"height": 440,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Cathedra adalah sebagai berikut, \"There is but one universal Church of the faithful, outside of which no one at all can be saved\" (Pope Innocent III, Fourth Lateran Council, 1215.) \"Hanya satu gereja, di luarnya tidak ada keselamatan\", demikian pernyataan ex cathedra Paus Innocent III di konsili ke-IV Lateran. Doktrin ini dikenal dengan Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus. Dengan doktrin ini maka menjadi sandaran hukum bagi pembantaian Muslim dan Yahudi yang berada di Palestina dan Andalusia. \"We declare, say, define, and pronounce that it is absolutely necessary for the salvation of every human creature to be subject to the Roman Pontiff\" (Pope Boniface VIII, the Bull Unam Sanctam, 1302.) \"Kami menyatakan dan mengumumkan bahwa sangat penting untuk keselamatan umat manusia untuk bergantung kepada Roman Pontiff (Sang Paus)\", demikian pernyataan ex cathedra Paus Bonafice VIII pada tahun 1302. “The Holy Roman Church firmly believes, professes and teaches that none of those who are not within the Catholic Church, not only Pagans, but Jews, heretics and schismatics, can ever be partakers of eternal life, but are to go into the eternal fire 'prepared for the devil, and his angels' (Mt. xxv. 41), unless before the close of their lives they shall have entered into that Church; also that the unity of the Ecclesiastical body is such that the Church's Sacraments avail only those abiding in that Church, and that fasts, almsdeeds, and other works of piety which play their part in the Christian combat are in her alone productive of eternal rewards; moreover, that no one, no matter what alms he may have given, not even if he were to shed his blood for Christ's sake, can be saved unless he abide in the bosom and unity of the Catholic Church.\" (Mansi, Concilia, xxxi, 1739.) (Pope Eugene IV, The Bull Cantate Domino, 1441) “Gereja Katolik meyakini, mengakui dan mengajarkan bahwa siapapun yang tidak berada dalam Gereja Katolik, tidak hanya pagan, tapi Yahudi, heretik dan skismatik, sesungguhnya mereka bisa mendapatkan bagian dari kehidupan abadi di surga namun mereka akan masuk neraka yang kekal yang telah disiapkan untuk syaitan, kecuali sebelum meninggal telah beriman kepada gereja Katolik”. Ucapan Paus Eugene IV tahun 1411. Heretik adalah orang-orang sesat dalam hal ini adalah Muslim. Skismatik adalah orang-orang Kristen yang memisahkan diri dari gereja Katolik, yang dimaksud di sini adalah orang-orang Protestan. Namun lebih jauh lagi, ada hal yang bertentangan dengan doktrin infalibilitas. Gereja Katolik Roma akhir-akhir ini mengatakan sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan Muslim, \"The Church's",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 38,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "15",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 90,
"width": 351,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "relationship with the Muslims. 'The plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator, in the first place amongst whom are the Muslims; these profess to hold the faith of Abraham, and together with us they adore the one, merciful God, mankind's judge on the last day' \" (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1994, p.223). “Hubungan Gereja dengan Muslim. Konsep keselamatan termasuk orang-orang yang mengakui Sang Pencipta, termasuk Muslim yang mengimani Abraham dan dengan kita mereka menyembah Tuhan Yang Maha Pengampun, Hakim seluruh manusia di hari akhir.” Sebuah pertanyaan dari orang-orang atheis memprotes sikap Gereja Katolik, \"Jika Muslim bisa selamat karena berpegang pada keyakinan (yang sama yakni) Abraham, kenapa Yahudi tidak? Did God change His mind sometime after 1441 ?\" Padahal pada Konsili Lyons I (1245M), diserukan kepada para uskup dan raja-raja untuk mengucilkan dan menurunkan tahta Kaisar Frederick II dan membentuk Perang Salib baru di bawah kepemimpinan St. Louis (raja Prancis) melawan Muslim yang mereka sebut saraken . Konsili Lyons II (1274M), menuntut agar perang Salib terus dilanjutkan melawan Muslim di Palestina dalam Perang Salib dengan mencari taktik baru untuk mendapatkan kembali Palestina dari Turki. Apakah Tuhan berubah pikiran setelah 1441 tahun?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 365,
"width": 354,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Menurut pengajaran Gereja Katolik, maka paus tidak mungkin sesat dalam menetapkan hukum yang berhubungan dengan masalah agama. Surat edaran paus yang menerangkan suatu masalah disebut ensiklik . Biasanya memang setiap ensiklik paus selalu diterima dengan penuh ketaatan oleh dunia Katolik. Namun berbeda dengan Ensiklik Humanea Vitae yang dikeluarkan oleh Paus Paulus VI sempat menggegerkan dunia, bukan saja dunia Katolik tetapi dunia pada umumnya: sebab untuk pertama kalinya Ensiklik Paus mendapat tantangan yang begitu hebat dan berakibat kewibawaan paus merosot di mata dunia. Ensiklik Humanea Vitae itu menegaskan bahwa masalah pengaturan kelahiran hanya diperbolehkan dengan metode pantang-berkala, sedang metode yang lain ditolak karena tidak sesuai dengan martabat manusia. Para uskup di negeri Belanda minta agar ensiklik itu dicabut. Para uskup di Indonesia dalam sidangnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 38,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "16",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 354,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "memberikan penjelasan Pastoral tentang Ensiklik Humanea Vitae menjelaskan; \"Bahwa ensiklik itu lahir setelah penyelidikan yang cukup lama dengan penelitian yang biayanya tidak sedikit, serta banyak doa yang diarahkan untuk maksud itu. Maka bagaimanapun ensiklik itu wajib kita hormati. Kepada saudara yang dengan terpaksa menjalankan dengan metode yang menyimpang dari yang dianjurkan oleh seruan paus, maka masalahnya harus dibicarakan antara suami isteri dengan sikap yang dewasa.\" Namun para Uskup tidak membenarkan usaha-usaha yang bersifat perkosaan terhadap martabat manusia, misalnya pengguguran dan pemandulan tetap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 212,
"width": 231,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "4. Gereja dalam Genggaman Infalibilitas Paus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 235,
"width": 352,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Konsili Vatikan I menurut Norman P. Tanner (2003:111) utamanya dikenal dengan dekret yang kedua, “ Konstitusi mengenai Gereja Kristus (Pastor Aetermus)“, teristimewa bab infalibilitas paus. Maksud aslinya adalah untuk menghasilkan dekret penuh mengenai gereja dengan demikian mengisi bagian yang ditinggalkan oleh Konsili Trento. Ancaman penarikan uskup- uskup Perancis dan Jerman dari konsili, karena perang Perancis-Prusia yang segera meletus, dan ancaman-ancaman dari pasukan-pasukan Italis di bawah Garibaldi, yang sekarang hamper berada di pintu gerbang Roma, menyebabkan situasinya menjadi mendesak. Akibatnya, atas prakarsa Sri Paus, konsili setuju untuk membicarakan bagian dekret mengenai kesripausan terlebih dahulu. Bagian ini berkembang menjadi sebuah dekret pada dirinya sendiri dan itulah yang dapat ditangani oleh konsili.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 397,
"width": 352,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Bagian dekret itu dapat diterima baik oleh Katolik maupun oleh Ortodoks dan bahkan oleh beberapa orang Protestan, yakni bahwa keutamaan tertentu di antara para rasul dan di atas gerewja diberikan kepada Petrus dan bahwa Kristus menghendaki agar gereja-Nya berlanjut. Keutamaan ini tetap ada pada paus hingga dewasa ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 470,
"width": 352,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Umat Katolik Roma percaya bahwa hanya dalam kondisi-kondisi tertentu paus dianggap tidak mungkin melakukan kesalahan. Gereja Katolik seperti dalam Konsili Vatikan 1869-1870, menetapkan tiga kondisi di bawah infalibilitas atau ketidakbersalahan Paus:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 38,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "17",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 88,
"width": 257,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "1.Paus membuat ketetapan dalam perkara iman dan moral",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 111,
"width": 247,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "2.Pernyataan paus bersifat mengikat atas seluruh gereja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 134,
"width": 352,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "3.Paus berbicara dengan kuasa Kepausan secara penuh dan bukan dalam kapasitas pribadi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 169,
"width": 352,
"height": 250,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Hal ini berarti bahwa ketika paus, yang dianggap sebagai wakil Allah ( Pontifex Maximus ), berbicara dalam perkara sains, dia mungkin sekali berbuat salah (seperti dengan teori Heliosentris). Namun ketika dia mengajar perkara agama, iman dan moral dan dua syarat lain dipertemukan, umat Katolik menganggap bahwa dekrit atau ketetapannya yang dinyatakan dalam kondisi excathedra , setara dengan Firman Tuhan. Hal ini tidak mungkin bertentangan dengan pernyataan-pernyataan sebelumnya dan seluruh umat Katolik haruslah mempercayainya. Umat Katolik percaya bahwa,jika seorang menyangkal ketetapan-ketetapan serius ini, ia telah melakukan dosa maut-jenis dosa yang dapat mengirim seseorang ke neraka/ Di bawah ini adalah contoh sebuah ketetapan mutlak dari Konsili Trento dibawah Paus Pius V pada abad 16 : Jika siapapun menyangkal bahwa dalam sakramen Ekaristi Kudus terdapat tubuh dan darah bersama-sama secara nyata, secara benar-benar dan secara hakikat dengan roh dan keilahian Tuhan Yesus dan berikut kehadiran Kristus secara keseluruhan, lalu mengatakan bahwa ia di dalamnya hanyalah dalam satu symbol atau gambar atau kuasa-Nya saja, maka terkutuklah ia. Bagian akhir dari pernyataan tersebut “ terkutuklah ia” ( anathema esto ) merupakan frasa standar yang biasanya muncul pada akhir pernyataan mutlak atau infallible. Contoh pernyataan lain dapat dilihat ketika Paus Yohanes Paulus II mengumumkan bahwa perempuan tidak dapat menjadi imam gereja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 432,
"width": 352,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Ketiadaan cacat cela paus ini sering mendapat ujian berat. Bebera[a tahun terakhir citra Gereja Katolik mendapat ujian akibat isi skandal seks sejumlah pasturnya termasuk di Amerika. Hans Kung, Teolog Katolik asal Jerman misalnya menutup bukunya The Catholic Church : A Short Story ( 2003) dengan epilog : Can the Catholic Church save it self . Otokritik Hans ini bersifat pesimis yang didasari oleh banyaknya laporan tentang skandal seks para pemuka Gereja Katolik, sehingga ia mengusulkan agar Vatikan mencabut doktrin celibacy (larangan menikah bagi pastor). Menurut Hans doktrin ini",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 38,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "18",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "bertentangan dengan al-Kitab. Pendapat Hans ini sejalan dengan Protestan, bahwa melayani Tuhan tidak harus dengan tidak menikah (Matius : 19-12) 1 Timotius 3:2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 136,
"width": 352,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Hans sendiri adalah romo yang sudah lama disensor Vatikan karena ketidak sesuaian pemikirannya dengan Gereja Katolik. Pendapat yang sama juga dikemukan oleh Karl Amstrong, Robert Funk, Jons Shelby Spong. Filsuf politik lagendaris Nicolo Machiaveli dalam karyanya yang terkenal Priniple II tahun 153 M, disadur kembali oleh Benedanto KPG Gramedia 1997: 76), mencatat bahwa Paus Alexander VI mempunyai seorang anak. Casera Borgia atau Pangeran Valentino adalah anak haram Paus Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia), penguasa tertinggi Negara kepausan. Tanpa banyak kesulitan ia menjadi kardinal walaupun tidak pernah menjadi imam pada 1493. Kekuasan semakin besar setelah menjadi penguasa Valence, kemudian menikahi Carlotte d’ Albert, sepupu raja. Kemudian pasangan ayah dan anak ini berambisi untuk menguasai seluruh semenanjung Italia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 298,
"width": 352,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Dalam menanggapi hal ini umat Kristiani berpendapat bahwa kesalahan yang dilakukan secara pribadi oleh para Paus atau pejabat gereja tidak ada hubungannya dengan infalibilitas. Jelasnya doktrin infalibiltas tidak ada hubungannya dengan teladan iman. Sementara yang lain berpendapat bahwa doktrin ketaatan buta kepada paus, yang walaupun secara excatedra dipandang benar oleh Gereja Katolik tidak dapat dijadikan acuan bila yang bersangkutan lalai secara moral dan susila. Ini adalah kebohongan yang pasti melanggar perintah Allah. Dan pasti akan menerima hukuman kalau tidak bertaubat atas dosa bohong. Hal ini menunjukkan paus dapat bersalah secara rohani.Kebohongan dan kesalahan tidak akan menghasilan kesimpulan yang baik. Yesus bersabda : Sekiranya mungkin, iblis akan menyesatkan orang- orang pilihan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 460,
"width": 352,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Dengan demikian, dapat dipahami bahwa infalibiltas paus dibangun di dalam batas-batas tertentu. Menurut Norman P. Tanner ( 2003: 115) ia harus berbicara dalam bentuk resmi, ex cathedra, sehingga ucapan sepintas kepada para wartawan atau teman-teman sewaktu makan misalnya tidak akan memenuhi syarat, paus harus mendefinisikan ajaran mengenai iman dan moral. Naskah itu tidak secara langsung mengatakan bahwa Paus Roma bebas dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 38,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "19",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 88,
"width": 352,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "kemungkinan sesat, naskah lebih mengatakan bahwa apabila syarat-syarat tersebut terpenuhi, paus memiliki infalibilitas yang menurut kehendak Penebus Ilahi dimilikioleh gereja-Nya. Jelasnya infalibilitas paus ditempatkan dalam konteks gereja bukan diluar gereja. Infalibilitas diberikan kepada paus demi Keluhuran Kerajaan Allah, demi keagungan agama Katolik dan demi keselamatan umat Kristiani. Jelasnya infalibilitas diberikan demi untuk tujuan yang lebih jauh lagi, teristimewa pelayanan gereja, bukan untuk kesenangan pribadi paus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 200,
"width": 96,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "5. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 222,
"width": 352,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Konsili Trento tampaknya masih memberikan penjabaran teologi Katolik Roma, teristimewa dalam perdebatan dengan gereja-gereja Protestan, munculnya revolusi Perancis 1789, revolusi industry, pencerahan abad 18 memicu timbulnya banyak tantangan intelektual pada agama Kristiani dan ini diperumit dalam kemajuan di bidang Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 296,
"width": 352,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Infalibilitas Paus berarti bahwa paus, apabila ia berbicara mengenai hal-hal yang menyangkut iman atau moral ex cathedra (artinya, dari kedudukannya secara resmi dan sebagai gembala dari gereja yang universal), ia benar dan karenanya tidak mungkin berbuat kesalahan. Keyakinan ini mempunya sejarah yang panjang, namun baru dirumuskan sebagai dogma pada Konsili Vatikan Pertama pada tahun 1870.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 381,
"width": 352,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Infalibilitas paus ditempatkan dalam konteks gereja bukan diluar gereja. Infalibilitas diberikan kepada paus demi Keluhuran Kerajaan Allah, keagungan agama Katolik dan demi keselamatan umat Kristiani. infalibilitas diberikan demi pelayanan gereja, bukan untuk kesenangan pribadi paus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 38,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "20",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 111,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 146,
"width": 352,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Alkitab Jehani Libertus dan Simon Untara, 2010, Genggaman Vatikan Rahasia Supremasi Kekaisaran suci , Jakarta, Forum Kita Michel, Thomas, Pokok-Pokok Iman Kristiani , 2002, Malaysia Daughter of St. Paul, 2002 Tanner, Norman P, 2003, Konsili-Konsili Gereja Sebuah Sejarah Singkat , Yogjakarta, Pustaka Teologi, Kanisius.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 241,
"width": 351,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Ralph Lewis, Brenda, 2009, Sejarah Gelap Para Paus, Kejahatan, Pembunuhan dan Korupsi di Vatikan, Jakarta, Gramedia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 272,
"width": 351,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "Helwig, WL., Sejarah Gereja Kristus, Jilid I ,1990. Yogjakarta, Kanisius",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 304,
"width": 118,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 421,
"page_height": 595,
"text": "http:/katolik/blogspot.com Wikipedia Wikimedia",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
79498dbb-6e2f-7183-3846-29770d6899f2 | https://ojs.widyagamahusada.ac.id/index.php/JIK/article/download/115/78 | [
{
"left": 213,
"top": 38,
"width": 184,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN MEDIA HUSADA",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 544,
"top": 780,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 319,
"width": 361,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EFEKTIFITAS AIR REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH DALAM MEMPERCEPAT PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINEUM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 242,
"top": 384,
"width": 129,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ari Christiana Mizam Ari Kurniyanti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 230,
"top": 417,
"width": 153,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STIKES WidyagamaHusada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 465,
"width": 70,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 481,
"width": 471,
"height": 272,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Piper betle contains kavikol which can be used to traditional treatments, such as for deadly germs, antioksidasi, fungicidal and anti fungal. In this research want to known function kavikol who have an antiseptic in expedite the healing of injured perineum on the postpartum which is used at the vulva hygiene. The research method consists of three stages, the first stage is to do the extraction of Piper betle to get kavikol with the technique of boiling it for 10, 15 and 20 min with a temperature of 100 C and perform chemical tests and characteristics. The second stage is the implementation of utilization of kavikol extract for vulvar hygiene on the postpartum against the perineum healing wounds speed. Conclusion the results of the research are the highest levels of kavikol found on the boiling of water decoction of Piper betle with a time of 20 minutes and of the results of the data retrieval as well as observation of the 19 respondents who obtained up to date 9 November obtained data that wound stitches perineum at postpartum mother cured and dry up on day 3-4 post!, as well as no signs of infection, whereas results from interviews with respondents obtained information that respondents said pain in the perineum wound stitches also quickly reduced and feels more kesat. The results obtained from test results T from this research is the significance level of 0.000 so can be drawn the conclusion that the water decoction of leaves of the betel (Piper betle) is effective against speed healing of wounds mother postpartum on perineum",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 757,
"width": 460,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Piper betle, vulva hygiene, the vulva speed the healing of wound perineum",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 38,
"width": 346,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN MEDIA HUSADA VOLUME 02/ NOMOR 02/ MARET 2014",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 780,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 60,
"width": 63,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 93,
"width": 474,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daun sirih (Piper betle ) mengandung kavikol yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk perawatan tradisional, diantaranya untuk mematikan kuman, antioksidasi, fungisida dan anti jamur. Pada penelitian ini ingin diketahui fungsi kavikol yang memiliki daya antiseptic dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka perineum pada ibu nifas yang dipergunakan saat vulva hygiene.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 158,
"width": 471,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahapan, tahap pertama adalah melakukan ekstraksi daun sirih untuk mendapatkan kavikol dengan teknik perebusan selama 10, 15 dan 20 menit dengan suhu 100°C dan melakukan uji kimia dan karakteristik. Tahap kedua adalah implementasi pemanfaatan ekstrak kavikol untuk vulvahygiene pada ibu nifas terhadap kecepatan penyembuhan luka perineum",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 251,
"width": 471,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan hasil penelitian adalah kadar kavikol tertinggi terdapat pada perebusan air rebusan daun sirih dengan waktu 20 menit dan dari hasil pengambilan data serta observasi dari 19 responden yang didapatkan sampai dengan tanggal 9 Nopember didapatkan data bahwa luka jahitan perineum pada ibu nifas sembuh dan mengering pada hari ke 3-4 post partum serta tidak ada tanda-tanda infeksi, sedangkan dari hasil wawancara dengan responden didapatkan informasi bahwa responden menyatakan nyeri pada luka jahitan perineum juga cepat berkurang dan terasa lebih kesat. Hasil yang didapatkan dari hasil uji T dari penelitian ini adalah tingkat signifikasi sebesar 0,000 sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa air rebusan daun sirih (Piperbetle) efektif terhadap kecepatan penyembuhan luka perineum pada ibu nifas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 437,
"width": 449,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : Daun Sirih, vulva hygiene , kecepatan penyembuhan luka perineum",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 472,
"width": 99,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 500,
"width": 227,
"height": 271,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia pada data SDKI tahun 2007 masih tinggi jumlahnya mencapai 228 per 100.000 Kelahiran Hidup. Penyebab langsung kematian ibu antara lain karena infeksi setelah persalinan pada post partum . Dari data yang telah diperoleh infeksi menduduki tingkat ke-2 (dua) dari penyebab kematian ibu, dengan perkiraan persalinan di Indonesia setiap tahunnya sekitar 5.000.000 jiwa dapat dijabarkan bahwa Angka Kematian Ibu sebesar 19.500 s/d 20.000 setiap tahunnya atau terjadi setiap 26 s/d 27 menit, penyebab kematian tersebut yaitu perdarahan 30 %, infeksi 22,5% dan eklampsi 2,0%. Infeksi yang sering terjadi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 472,
"width": 227,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pada ibu setelah melahirkan adalah infeksi pada perineum. Infeksi ini ditandai dengan nyeri atau rasa sakit di daerah perineum yang dialami oleh ibu setelah melahirkan. (Wulandari, 2008). Dari sebuah penelitian pada 341 ibu nifas, 16 % mengalami infeksi berkepanjangan pada perineum (Br J Nurs. 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 601,
"width": 227,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang cara pemeliharaan perineal (vulva hygiene ) yang benar adalah salah satu penyebab terjadinya infeksi pada perineum. Vulva hygiene pada perawatan perlukaan jalan lahir ada dua macam yaitu perawatan non antiseptik salah satunya yaitu dengan menggunakan pengobatan tradisional yang menggunakan rebusan daun sirih (Piper betle ). Air rebusan dari daun sirih dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 38,
"width": 286,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EFEKTIFITAS AIR REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH …..| ARI C. DAN MIZAM ARI K.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 544,
"top": 780,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 227,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "digunakan untuk membantu pengobatan luka karena rebusan daun sirih mengandung zat-zat kimia dan antibiotik yang sangat besar manfaatnya (Ambarwati, 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 141,
"width": 227,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komponen utama minyak atsiri terdiri dari fenol dan senyawa turunannya. Salah satu senyawa turunan itu adalah kavikol yang memiliki daya bakterisi dalima kali lebih kuat dibanding kanfenol. Daya antibakteri minyak atsiri daun sirih disebabkan oleh adanya senyawa kavikol yang dapat mendenaturasi protein sel bakteri (Ambarwati, 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 303,
"width": 227,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini dipilih daun sirih sebagai salah satu alternatif bahan yang digunakan untuk vulva hygiene terhadap kecepatan penyembuhan luka perineum. Daun sirih tersebut akan di ekstrak dengan cara direbus selama 10, 15 dan 20 menit selanjutnya mengukur kandungan kavikol yang ada dalam ekstrak daun sirih tersebut untuk digunakan vulvahygiene pada ibu nifas yang mengalami luka perineum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 481,
"width": 130,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 498,
"width": 227,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Membuktikan bahwa kandungan kavikol dalam ekstrak daun sirih dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka perineum",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 562,
"width": 226,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Menentukan komposisi kavikol dalam ekstrak daun sirih yang mempercepat penyembuhan luka perineum.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 639,
"width": 139,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 667,
"width": 227,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap pertama pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah adanya proses perlakuan dari daun sirih hijau dimana sebagian dilakukan proses pengeringan dengan oven menggunakan suhu 60ºC(perlakuan 1) sehingga dihasilkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 60,
"width": 227,
"height": 336,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "daun sirih kering dengan kandungan airnya 14% dan sebagian lagi tanpa pengeringan (perlakuan 2) sehingga daun sirihnya masih basah. Pada kedua hasil perlakuan tersebut dilakukan pengeringan lagi sehingga menghasilkan 2 bentuk yaitu Pasta(hasil pengeringan dri perlakuan 1) dan Pati (hasil pengeringan perlakuan 2). Dari hasil pengeringan tersebut kemudian dilakukan perebusan dengan air menggunakan suhu 100ºC selama 10 menit, 15 menit, dan 20 menit, masing- masing hasil dari perebusan selang waktu tersebut dilakukan pemisahan antara ampas dengan hasil ekstrasi sehingga menghasilkan ekstraksi kavikol yang berbeda-beda. Dilakukan uji kimia kavikol untuk menentukan kadar kavikol tertinggi dari ketiga kelompok waktu tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 401,
"width": 227,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan pada tahap kedua dilakukan implementasi atau pelaksanaan eksperimen penggunaan kavikol tertinggi sebagai bahan untuk vulvahygiene pada ibu nifas dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka perineum. Penelitian di lakukan pada ibu nifas di BPM Wilayah Kabupaten Malang dengan teknik analisis observasiona",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 38,
"width": 346,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN MEDIA HUSADA VOLUME 02/ NOMOR 02/ MARET 2014",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 780,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 6,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "l.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 595,
"width": 230,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1 Tahapan Pelaksanaan Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 86,
"width": 79,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DaunSirihHijau",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 133,
"width": 420,
"height": 436,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses Pengeringandengansuhu 60ºC TanpaPengeringan Kering (Kandungan Air 14%) Basah Dikeringkan Pasta Pati Perebusan air dengansuhu 100ºC PemisahanAmpasdenganHasilE kstraksi EkstraksiKavikol Uji Kimia Kavikol PenggunaanKavikolsebagaipenyembuhan Luka Perineum HasilPerebusans elama 10 Menit HasilPerebusans elama 15 Menit HasilPerebusans elama 20 Menit PemisahanAmpasdenganHa silEkstraksi",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 479,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EkstraksiKavikol",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 414,
"top": 416,
"width": 112,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PemisahanAmpasdenganHa silEkstraksi",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 436,
"top": 479,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EkstraksiKavikol",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 38,
"width": 286,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EFEKTIFITAS AIR REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH …..| ARI C. DAN MIZAM ARI K.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 544,
"top": 780,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 110,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 87,
"width": 225,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil sementara yang dicapai pada penelitian ini adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 121,
"width": 227,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. 2 sampel daun sirih hijau (Piper betle) masing-masing telah dilakukan proses pengeringan dengan oven (suhu 60 0 C) dan dengan proses pengeringan pada udara biasa. Selanjutnya masing-masing sampel direbus pada suhu 100 0 C selama 10 menit,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 224,
"width": 213,
"height": 233,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 menit dan 20 menit. Setelah melalui proses pendinginan hasil perebusan berupa ekstrak daun sirih di lakukan uji kimia untuk mengetahui kandungan kavikol dari masing-masing sampel. Dari hasil uji laboratorium didapatkan bahwa kandungan kavikol tertinggi didapatkan pada sampel ekstrak daun sirih yang telah di oven dengan suhu 60 0 C dan direbus selama 20 menit. Hasil ekstraksi dengan kandungan kavikol tertinggi inilah yang dipergunakan sebagai bahan penelitian untuk penyembuhan luka jahitan perineum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 463,
"width": 234,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Ekstraksi daun sirih dengan kadar kavikol tertinggi digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian kepada 19 responden. Ekstraksi daun sirih tersebut diberikan kepada masing-masing responden sebagai bahan untuk vulvahygiene dan seluruh responden tidak mendapatkan perlakuan secara kimiawi, misalnya luka jahitan dikompres dengan betadine. Sampai dengan tanggal 9 Nopember didapatkan 19 ibu nifas dan telah dilakukan perlakuan serta observasi pada luka jahitan perineum. Dari hasil observasi diketahui bahwa luka jahitan perineum pada ibu nifas sembuh dan mengering pada hari ke 3-4 post partum serta tidak ada tanda-tanda infeksi. Sedangkan dari hasil wawancara dengan responden didapatkan informasi bahwa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 60,
"width": 212,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "responden menyatakan nyeri pada luka jahitan perineum juga cepat berkurang dan terasa lebih kesat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 111,
"width": 234,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Hasil yang didapatkan dari hasil uji T dari penelitian ini adalah tingkat signifikasi sebesar 0,000 sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa air rebusan daun sirih ( Piperbetle ) efektif terhadap kecepatan penyembuhan luka perineum pada ibu nifas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 243,
"width": 80,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 272,
"width": 234,
"height": 318,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan sementara dari hasil yang dicapai saat ini adalah kadar kavikol tertinggi terdapat pada perebusan air rebusan daun sirih dengan waktu 20 menit dan dari hasil pengambilan data dan observasi dari 19 responden yang di dapatkan sampai dengan tanggal 9 Nopember di dapatkan data bahwa luka jahitan perineum pada ibu nifas sembuh dan mengering pada hari ke 3-4 post partum serta tidak ada tanda- tanda infeksi. Sedangkan dari hasil wawancara dengan responden didapatkan informasi bahwa responden menyatakan nyeri pada luka jahitan perineum juga cepat berkurang dan terasa lebih kesat . Hasil yang didapatkan dari hasil uji T dari penelitian ini adalah tingkat signifikasi sebesar 0,000 sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa air rebusan daun sirih ( Piperbetle ) efektif terhadap kecepatan penyembuhan luka perineum pada ibu nifas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 615,
"width": 118,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 634,
"width": 227,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ambarwati, E. 2008. Asuhan Kebidanan Nifas . Yogyakarta: MitraCendekia. Agusthin. 2011. Percepatan Kesembuhan Luka Perineum antara Perawatan menggunakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 458,
"top": 699,
"width": 84,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan tidak",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 715,
"width": 191,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menggunakan kompres antiseptik . Diakses tanggal 11 April 2012, From : www.grahacendikia.com",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 38,
"width": 346,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN MEDIA HUSADA VOLUME 02/ NOMOR 02/ MARET 2014",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 780,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 227,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arawwawala LD, Hewageegana HG, et al.2011. Standardization of spray- dried powder of Piper betle hot water extract .Pharmacogn Mag. 2011 Apr;7(26):157-60.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 141,
"width": 227,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arif, Fauzi. 2009. Aneka Tanaman Obat dan Khasiatnya . Jakarta : PT Buku Kita Ari Yudhiarti. 2008. KhasiatBuah, Rempah Rempah Untuk Pengobatan. Jakarta :Cicilai IQ Media",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 222,
"width": 226,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diah, Wulandari. 2010. Asuhan Masa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 239,
"width": 227,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nifas. Yogyakarta :NuhaMedika Eny, Retna. 2008 , Asuhan Kebidanan Nifas . Yogyakarta : Nuha Medika Ganguly S, Mula S, Chattopadhyay S, et al. 2007. An ethanol extract of Piper betle Linn. mediates its anti- inflammatory activity via down- regulation of nitric oxide . J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007 May;59(5) : 711-8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 384,
"width": 227,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jhpiego.2003. Panduan Pengajaran Pencegahan infeksi. Jakarta :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 417,
"width": 74,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pusdiknakes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 433,
"width": 227,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Johnson A, Thakar R, et al. 2012. O bstetric perineal wound infection: is there underreporting?. Br J Nurs. 2012 Mar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 481,
"width": 134,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8-21;21(5):S28, S30, S32-5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 498,
"width": 227,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Johnson, Ruth. 2005 . Buku Ajar Praktek Kebidanan . Jakarta. ECG",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 530,
"width": 230,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JNPK. 2004. Panduan Pencegahan Infeksi Untuk Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Dengan Sumber Daya Terbatas. Jakarta : Sarwono Prawiroharjo.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 595,
"width": 227,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khaidir, M. 2009. Asuhan Keperawatan Dengan Infeksi Nifas. Jakarta :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 627,
"width": 85,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salemba Medika.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 643,
"width": 227,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mochtar, R. 2006. SinopsisObstetri . Jakarta:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 660,
"width": 227,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ECG. Nashar S, Nikolov A, et al. 2011. Efficiency of Cikatridina spray for healing of episiotomy and perineal ruptures.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 724,
"width": 128,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2011. AkushGinekol",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 254,
"top": 724,
"width": 44,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Sofiia).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 741,
"width": 84,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2011;50(3):20-5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 60,
"width": 226,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prima, Dewi. 2008. Ramuan Herbal DaunSirih. Jakarta :Shira media. Rini Damayanti. 2003 Khasiat dan Manfaat daun sirih . Jakarta : PT Agromedia pustaka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 141,
"width": 227,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Riwidiko, Adi. 2005. Statistik Kesehatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 158,
"width": 227,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yogyakarta : Mitra Cendikia Setiawan, Dalimartha. 2006. Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia. Jakarta",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 206,
"width": 79,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": Wisma Hijau",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 222,
"width": 227,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Samba, Suharyati, 2005. Buku Ajar",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 239,
"width": 132,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kebidanan . Jakarta : EGC",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 255,
"width": 227,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saleha, S. 2009. Asuhan Kebidanan Pada",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 271,
"width": 192,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masa Nifas. Jakarta: Salemba",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 287,
"width": 44,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Medika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 303,
"width": 227,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Silvinna. 2009. Infeksi Nifas Post Partum. Diakses pada tanggal 11 April 2012 From :www.file.wordpress.com Sulistyawati, A. 2009. Buku Ajar Asuhan Kebidanan Pada Ibu Nifas . Yogyakarta: Andi Offset. Samba, Suharyati, 2005. Buku Ajar Kebidanan . Jakarta : EGC Septi. 2009. Sirih Pinang Sirih .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 449,
"width": 227,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diaksestanggal 16 April 2012. From :www. Sinarharapan.com Shitut S, Pandit V, et al. 1999. The antimicrobial efficiency of Piper betle Linn leaf (stalk) against human pathogenic",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 443,
"top": 530,
"width": 99,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bacteria and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 546,
"width": 227,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "phytopathogenic fungi .Cent Eur J Public Health. 1999 Aug;7(3):137-9. Sunarsih.2011. Harum Vagina Dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 595,
"width": 192,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rebusan Daun Sirih. Diakses tanggal 12 April 2012. From : www.ramuantradisional.com",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
a2d8347c-513e-0776-c855-d824a3cd579c | https://journal.ipm2kpe.or.id/index.php/COSTING/article/download/11641/7052 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 283,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "COSTING: Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting Volume 7 Nomor 5, Tahun 2024 e-ISSN : 2597-5234",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "928",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 86,
"width": 407,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "THE INFLUENCE OF PROFITABILITY, COMPANY SIZE, LEVERAGE AND FINANCIAL DISTRESS ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE SUB-SECTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANIES ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE IN 2020-2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 155,
"width": 425,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE DAN FINANCIAL DISTRESSTERHADAP MAAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SUBSEKTOR MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2020-2022",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 223,
"width": 375,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pinky Ussa Br Sebayang 1 , Nelty Evoripka Sembiring 2 , Jessi Charina Sembiring 3 Dewi simatupang 4 Universitas Prima Indonesia 1,2,3 Universitas Sumatera Utara 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 210,
"top": 274,
"width": 176,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[email protected] 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 273,
"top": 299,
"width": 53,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 310,
"width": 428,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study aims to investigate the influence of the variables Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, and Financial Distress on earnings management in food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the stock exchange during the period 2020-2022. The analysis method used is SMART PLS data processing, which is employed to assess the validity and reliability of the variables and to identify the direction of the relationships between the independent and dependent variables. The results of this study indicate that the variables of company size, leverage, and financial distress have a positive and significant effect on earnings management, while the profitability variable is found to have no effect on earnings management. Through this approach, it is expected that a deeper understanding of the influence of these variables on earnings management practices in the sector can be obtained.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 425,
"width": 377,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Financial Distress, Earnings Management.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 448,
"width": 51,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 459,
"width": 428,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh variabel Profitabilitas, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Financial Distress terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan manufaktur subsektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di bursa efek selama periode 2020-2022. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah olah data SMART PLS, yang digunakan untuk menilai validitas dan reliabilitas variabel serta mengidentifikasi arah hubungan antara variabel independen dan dependen. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan jika variabel ukuran perusahaan, leverage, dan finansial distress berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap manajemen laba namun untuk variabel profitablitas dinyatakan tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba. Dengan pendekatan ini, diharapkan dapat diperoleh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang pengaruh variabel tersebut terhadap praktik manajemen laba di sektor tersebut. Kata Kunci : Profitabilitas, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Financial Distress, Manajemen Laba.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 588,
"width": 41,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 588,
"width": 198,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "i HULUA i N La i tar Be i la i ka i ng Masalah Me i nurut Subra i ma i nya i m,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 630,
"width": 198,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“ma i na i je i me i n la i ba i merupa i ka i n interve i nsi dengan tujuan tertentu oleh mana i jemen dalam proses pe i nentua i n laba i , bia i sanya i untuk memenuhi tujuannya sendiri. Ma i na i je i me i n la i ba i se i ring meliba i tka i n window dressing atas la i pora i n keuanga i n, khususnya i jumlah la i ba bottom-line. Ma i na i je i me i n la i ba i dapat be i rupa i cosme i tic, jika mana i jer",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 575,
"width": 183,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "memanipula i si akrual tidak memiliki",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 602,
"width": 198,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "konsekue i nsi a i rus kas. Mana i je i me i n laba i juga da i pa i t me i nja i di re i a i l, jika manajer me i ngambil tinda i ka i n terka i it denga i n konsekuensi a i rus ka i s untuk tujua i n mengelola i laba” (Subramanyam, 2017). Faktor perta i ma i ya i ng mempengaruhi ma i na i je i me i n laba i ada i lah profitabilita i s. Profitabilitas me i rupa i kan kema i mpua i n pe i rusahaa i n dalam mengha i silka i n laba. Perusa i han yang me i miliki laba i yang besa i r pa i da i suatu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "929",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "periode akan cendrung melakukan praktik mana i je i men laba i guna i me i nja i ga i la i ba i a i gar teta i p sta i bil (Ba i ga i ska i ta e i t al.,2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 141,
"width": 198,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faktor ke i dua i yang mempengaruhi manajemen laba i a i da i la i h ukuran pe i rusa i ha i an. Menurut (Widiastari & Yasa, 2018) Ukura i n perusa i ha i an a i dalah suatu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 196,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "skala dimana i dapa i t diklasifikasika i n besa i r kecilnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 224,
"width": 198,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pe i rusahaa i n diukur de i nga i n toal aktiva i , jumlah penjualan, nila i i saha i m da i n se i ba i gainya i .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 265,
"width": 198,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faktor ke i tiga ya i ng mempenga i ruhi ma i na i je i me i n la i ba adalah leve i ra i ge. Leve i ra i ge a i da i la i h rasio leverage i me i rupakan ra i sio yang digunaka i n untuk mengukur sejauh mana i aktiva i perusa i ha i andibia i ya i i de i nga i n uta i ng (Ka i smir, 2017, 113).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 362,
"width": 198,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faktor kee i mpat ya i ng mempe i nga i ruhi ma i najemen laba a i dala i h financia i l distress. Me i nurutCurry da i n Banjarnahor (2018) financial distress a i dalah suatu kondisi dima i na i keuangan perusa i ha i an dala i m kea i da i an tidak sehat a i ta i u mengalami penurunan se i belum te i rjadinya kebangkrutan atau likuidasi. Ta i bel 1. Data Nila i i Profita i bilita i s, Ukura i n Pe i rusahaa i n, Le i ve i ra i ge, dan Fina i ncia i l Distress Perusaha i a i nSub Sektor Ma i ka i nan dan MinumanYa i ng Te i rda i ftar di BEI pada periode 2020- 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 562,
"width": 196,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kode Ta i hun Profita i bilitas (ROA) Ukura i n Pe i rusaha i a i n Le i verage (DAR) Financial Distre i ss FOOD 2020 15.37% 25.45 1.012609967 1.715899988 2021 13.76% 25.39 1.100268314 1.050075491 2022 21.37% 25.35 1.455793958 1.729403297 DMND 2020 4.73% 15.55 0.220174173 3.845353234 2021 5.78% 15.66 0.254594341 3.745639535 2022 5.70% 15.74 0.271107738 3.694578632 ALTO 2020 0.95% 27.73 1.965740398 0.624619816 2021 0.82% 27.72 1.993683912 0.540121721 2022 1.58% 27.65 1.932863035 0.764953241",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 663,
"width": 199,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: www.idx.co.id, da i ta diolah pe i nulis, 2023 Berdasarkan tabel 1.1dia i ta i s dapa i t dilihat bahwa PT. Sentra i Food Indone i sia i Tbk. memiliki profita i bilitas pa i da i tahun 2020 sebesa i r 15.37% da i n",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "financia i l distress sebesa i r 1.715899988 se i dangkan pada tahun 2021 profitabilitas sebesa i r 13.76% dan financia i l distress sebesa i r 1.050075491. Berdasarka i n tabe i l 1.1dia i ta i s dapa i t diliha i t ba i hwa PT. Dia i mond Food Indonesia Tbk. memiliki profitabilita i s 2021 sebesa i r 5.78% dan fina i ncial distress sebesa i r 3.845353234 sedangka i n pa i da ta i hun 2022 profitabilita i s sebesa i r 5.70% dan financia i l distress sebesa i r 3.694578632.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 251,
"width": 198,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabe i l 1.1diatas dapat dilihat ba i hwa PT. Tri Ba i nya i n Tirta Tbk. memiliki profita i bilitas 2020 sebesar 0.95% dan financial distress sebesar 0.624619816 sedangka i n pa i da i ta i hun 2021 profita i bilitas se i be i sar 0.82% dan financia i l distress 0.54012172. Be i rda i sa i rka i n masa i la i h diatas, maka kami sebaga i i peneliti tertarik untuk mela i kukan pe i nelitia i n dengan judul “PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 403,
"width": 198,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE, DAN FINANCIAL DISTRESS TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SUB SEKTOR MAKANAN DAN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 486,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MINUMAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2020-2022”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 527,
"width": 198,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TINJAUAN PUSTA I KA Teori Pe i nga i ruh Profita i bilita i s te i rhadap Manajeme i n La i ba Profita i bilitas memberikan ga i mba i ra i n tentang kema i mpua i n perusahaa i n me i nghasilkan la i ba i untuk periode tertentu me i nggunakan se i mua i ke i ma i mpuan da i n sumber daya yang dimilikinya i baik da i ri kegia i ta i n penjua i lan, penggunaan ase i t, a i ta i u pengguna i a i n moda i l (Hery, 2017) Ke i tika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 679,
"width": 198,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "profitabilitas yang diperoleh perusa i ha i an kecil ada i pe i riode terte i ntu aka i n me i ndorong manajemen untuk mela i kukan praktek ma i najemen laba i de i nga i n cara i menjadika i n la i ba pa i da i",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "930",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pe i riode i berjala i n lebih tinggi daripada i la i ba sesungguhnya. Sebaliknya i , ketika i profitabilitas perusa i ha i an tinggi pa i da i pe i rode tertentu, ma i ka i manajemen melakukan praktek ma i najeme i n laba dengan ca i ra i menjadikan laba i pada i pe i riode berja i la i n le i bih renda i h da i ripa i da i la i ba sesungguhnya i . Hal te i rse i but didukung oleh pe i ne i litia i n ya i ng dila i kuka i n oleh Se i lviani (2017), Purnama (2017) dan Ra i ha i yu (2019), hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan bahwa i",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 251,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "profitabilitas be i rpengaruh positif terha i da i p ma i na i je i men la i ba i .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 293,
"width": 198,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teori Pengaruh Ukura i n Perusahaa i n te i rhada i p Manajemen Laba Ukuran perusa i ha i an da i pat didefinisika i n se i ba i gai upaya i penila i ia i n besar a i tau kecilnya se i bua i h pe i rusahaa i n. Ukura i n pe i rusaha i a i n aka i n sa i ngat pe i nting ba i gi investor da i n kreditur, karena i a i ka i n berhubungan dengan risiko investasi ya i ng dila i kukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 417,
"width": 198,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perusahaa i n de i nga i n ukuran yang lebih besa i r memiliki a i kses ya i ng lebih be i sar untuk me i ndapatkan sumber pe i ndanaa i n dari berba i gai sumber. Ole i h ka i rena itu, perusahaa i n yang besa i r memiliki dorongan yang lebih be i sar untuk mela i kukan perataan la i ba i dibandingkan dengan pe i rusahaa i n ke i cil, ka i rena perusahaa i n be i sar diteliti da i n dipanda i ng dengan lebih kritis oleh pa i rainve i stor. Hal terse i but didukung oleh pe i nelitia i n ya i ng dila i kuka i n ole i h Astari dan Suryana i wa (2017) da i n Rahdal (2017), ha i sil pe i nelitia i nnya me i nunjukka i n ba i hwa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 610,
"width": 198,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ukuran perusa i ha i an berpe i nga i ruh positif da i n signifika i n terha i dap ma i najemen la i ba i .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 665,
"width": 198,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teori Pe i ngaruh Leverage i terha i da i p Manaje i me i n Laba i Leverage i se i ba i gai rasio ya i ng menjelaska i n hubunga i n antara uta i ng pe i rusaha i a i n te i rha i dapmoda i l ya i ng dimilikinya i (Rizki, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 220,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pe i rusahaa i n yang me i miliki rasio le i vera i ge ya i ng tinggi, bera i rti proporsi utangnya lebih tinggi diba i ndingka i n de i nga i n proporsi modalnya. De i nga i n demikian, perusa i ha i an cenderung me i la i kuka i n manipula i si da i la i m bentuk ma i na i je i me i n laba i denga i n tujua i n untuk memperlihatkan kondisi la i pora i n ke i ua i nga i n wa i ja i r bahwa i modal lebih besa i r dibandingkan utangnya i se i hingga investor me i ra i sa i a i ma i n ka i rena i modal ya i ng diberika i n da i pa i t me i mba i ntu untuk memba i yar uta i ngnya. Ha i l ini se i ja i la i n dengan studi Asim dan Isma i il (2019) ya i ng menyatakan ba i hwa le i verage be i rpe i nga i ruh positif terhadap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 307,
"width": 86,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mana i jemen la i ba i .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 334,
"width": 198,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teori Pengaruh Financial Distre i ss terha i dap Manajemen Laba Me i nurut Fa i hmi Hernadianto, Yusma i nia i rti dan Fraternesi (2020) Financia i l distress dimulai da i ri ketida i kma i mpua i n pe i rusaha i a i n da i la i m memenuhi ke i wajiba i n, terutama kewa i jiban yang be i rsifa i t jangka i pendek te i rma i suk kewajiba i n likuiditas dan juga termasuk kewa i jiban yangbersifat solvabilitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 486,
"width": 198,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mustika e i t a i l., (2020) dan Cha i irunnisa et al., (2021) menemukan ba i hwa financial distress berpenga i ruh positif terhadap manajemen laba. Ini berarti bahwa i ma i najer aka i n se i makinme i lakuka i n ma i na i jeme i n laba i jika i pe i rusaha i a i n mengalami fina i ncial distre i ss denga i n tingkat ya i ngse i ma i kin tinggi. Berda i sarka i n ura i ia i n te i rsebut, da i pat disimpulkan ba i hwa ketika i sua i tu pe i rusahaa i nbe i ra i da dalam krisis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 638,
"width": 198,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "keuangan, ma i najer aka i n me i la i kuka i n ma i na i je i me i n laba i se i ba i gai sara i na i untuk melindungi pekerjaannya i da i n menjaga perusahaa i n tetap berta i han sa i mbil be i rusaha untuk berkinerja i ba i ik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 720,
"width": 133,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ke i ra i ngka i Konse i ptua i lAS",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "931",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 202,
"width": 175,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ga i mbar 1. Kerangka Konse i ptua i l",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 230,
"width": 104,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hipotesis Pene i litian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 243,
"width": 198,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasa i rka i n ke i ra i ngka konseptual yang te i la i h diura i ika i n diatas, ma i ka hipotesis ya i ng dike i mbangka i n da i la i m pene i litian ini a i dalah se i ba i gai berikut: H1: Profita i bilitas berpenga i ruh seca i ra parsia i l terha i da i p ma i najemen laba (Studi pa i da perusa i ha i an ma i nufa i ktur sub sektor maka i na i n dan minuman yang terda i ftar di BEI ta i hun 2020- 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 368,
"width": 198,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H2: Ukura i n Pe i rusaha i a i n be i rpe i nga i ruh secara pa i rsial terhada i p ma i najemen laba i (Studi pada i perusa i ha i a i n ma i nufa i ktur sub sektor maka i na i n dan minuman ya i ng terdafta i r di BEI tahun 2020- 2022).H3: Levera i ge be i rpe i nga i ruh seca i ra pa i rsial terhada i p mana i jemen la i ba i (Studi pa i da i perusa i ha i a i n ma i nufa i ktur sub sektor maka i na i n dan minuman ya i ng terda i ftar di BEI ta i hun 2020-2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 506,
"width": 198,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H4: Financia i l Distress berpengaruh se i ca i ra i pa i rsial terhadap ma i najemen laba i (Studi pa i da perusa i ha i a i n ma i nufa i ktur sub sektor makana i n dan minuman ya i ng terda i fta i r di BEI ta i hun 2020- 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 574,
"width": 198,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H5: Profita i bilitas, Ukura i n Pe i rusahaa i n,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 588,
"width": 198,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Leverage, da i n Financia i l Distress secara i simulta i n terhada i p ma i na i je i me i n la i ba i (Studi pa i da pe i rusahaa i n ma i nufa i ktur sub se i ktor maka i na i n dan minuma i n yang te i rda i fta i r di BEI tahun 2020-2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 671,
"width": 199,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENE I LITIA I N Pene i litian ini me i ngguna i kan pendekatan kua i ntitatif yang sistematis be i rda i sa i rka i n data berupa i a i ngka i -angka i yang diperoleh setelah pengolahan data se i kunder be i rupa i la i pora i n keua i nga i n",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang te i la i h dipublika i si oleh perusa i haan terdafta i r di Bursa Efek Indone i sia dan dapa i tdiakse i s se i ca i ra i lua i s me i la i lui www.idx.co.id a i ta i u situs resmi perusa i ha i an. Popula i si da i n Sa i mpel Populasi Me i nurut Sugiyono (2018:80), popula i si adalah wila i ya i h gene i ra i lisa i si yang terdiria i ta i s objek a i ta i u subjek yang mempunya i i kualita i s da i n ka i rakteristik terte i ntu yangditeta i pka i n oleh peneliti untuk dipelajari dan kemudia i n ditarik ke i simpulannya i . Popula i si dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 293,
"width": 198,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penelitian ini adalah pe i rusaha i a i n ma i nufaktur sub sektor makanan da i n minuman yang te i rda i fta i r di Bursa Efek Indonesia i 2020 – 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 362,
"width": 41,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sa i mpel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 375,
"width": 170,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Me i nurut Sugiyono (2018:81),",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 388,
"width": 198,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sampel a i dalah sebagian dari jumlah populasi. Da i ta i ya i ng dibutuhkan pada i pe i ne i litia i n ini dari ta i hun 2020 – 2022. Sampel pada i penelitian ini dipilih dengan mema i kai metode purposive sampling. A i da i pun kriteria penentua i n sa i mpel, ya i itu : Ta i bel 2. Kriteria i Pemilihan Sampe i l",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 506,
"width": 490,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Keteranga i n Jumla i h Populasi: Pe i rusaha i a i n Ma i nufaktur ya i ng terdaftar di Bursa i Efek Indone i sia i (BEI) sela i ma i periode i pe i nelitia i n 2020-2022 30 1 Pe i rusaha i a i n manufaktur sub sektor ma i ka i nan da i n minuman yang tidak de i listing da i ri Bursa i Efek Indonesia i periode 2020-2022 (8) 2 Pe i rusaha i a i n ma i nufa i ktur sub se i ktor ma i kanan da i n minuman yang tida i kmenga i la i mi kerugian te i rda i ftar di Bursa i Efek Indone i sia i periode 2020- 2022 (2) 3 Pe i rusaha i a i n ya i ng me i mpublikasikan laporan ke i ua i ngan seca i ra i berturut-turut setiap tahun (9)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 623,
"width": 510,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jumla i h Perusa i haa i n yang terpilih me i nja i di sa i mpe i l pe i nelitia i n 19",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 635,
"width": 510,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jumla i h Observasi ( 19 x 3 ta i hun ) 57",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 661,
"width": 198,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik Pe i ngumpula i n Data Te i knik pengumpula i n data da i la i m penelitian ini dilakuka i n dengan teknik dokumenta i si denga i n me i ngumpulkan data-da i ta berupa i La i pora i n Keuanga i n da i n Tahuna i n pe i riode i 2020- 2022 yang dia i mbil da i ri website resmi Bursa Efe i k",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "932",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 53,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 113,
"width": 199,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis Data da i n Sumbe i r Data i Je i nis data i dalam penelitian ini berupa da i ta i kuantita i tif dan da i ta se i kunde i r yang be i rbentuk la i pora i n keuanga i n dan ringka i san kinerja perusa i ha i an ya i ng terca i ta i t di Bursa i Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2020-2022 dengan website www.idx.co.id.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 238,
"width": 108,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "De i finisi Ope i ra i siona i l",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 251,
"width": 198,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis va i ria i ble i ya i ng diguna i ka i n da i la i m penelitian ini adalah variable beba i s da i n variable te i rika i t. De i finisi operasional variabel dira i ngkum da i lam tabel berikut ini :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 321,
"width": 161,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No. Variabel Definisi Opera i sional Indika i tor Ska i la i pengukuran 1. Profita i bilita i s (X1) Profibilitas merupa i ka i n ra i sio untuk menila i i ke i mampuan perusahaa i n da i la i m mencari keuntunga i n a i ta i u la i ba i da i la i msua i tu periode i tertentu. (Ka i smir 2019:114). ROA = (La i ba i Bersih :Total A i set) x 100 Ra i sio 2. Ukuran Perusa i haa i n (X2) Ukuran pe i rusahaa i n menjelaska i n te i nta i ng jumla i hsumber da i ya yang dimiliki perusaha i a i n yang",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 425,
"width": 48,
"height": 6,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "disajika i n me i lalui total",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 431,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a i se i t, jumlah penjuala i n, penjua i la i n",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 402,
"width": 171,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ra i ta i - rata i , da i n tota i l aset ra i ta i -ra i ta i . (Kingsley e i t a i l 2016). Ln x Tota i l Ase i t Ra i sio 3. Leverage (X3) Leverage i a i da i la i h ra i sio yang me i ngukur sejauh ma i na penggunaa i n utang ya i ng digunaka i n oleh perusa i ha i anya i ng diga i mba i rkan me i la i lui",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 494,
"width": 47,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hubungan antara utang perusa i ha i an terhadap modal ata i u a i set.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 454,
"width": 92,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Riya i nto,2016). DER = Tota i l Hutang /",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 460,
"width": 16,
"height": 6,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ekuitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 454,
"width": 179,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ra i sio Teknik Ana i lisis Data i",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 552,
"width": 198,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Da i la i m penelitian ini, ka i mi me i ngguna i kan perangka i t luna i k a i na i lisis data bernama SMART PLS. SMART- PLS adalah metode statistik yang dikenal sebaga i i Pa i rtial Le i a i st Square i s Structural Equation Modeling (PLS- SEM). PLS-SEM merupaka i n teknik analisis yang digunakan untuk meme i riksa i dan mengukur hubungan antara i va i ria i bel da i la i m suatu model pe i nelitia i n. Prose i s pengujia i n dala i m SMART- PLSterfokus pada i dua aspek, ya i itu inner model da i n outer mode i l. Denga i n menggunaka i n SMART-PLS,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ka i mida i pat menge i va i lua i si da i n me i nguji validita i s hubunga i n a i nta i r va i ria i bel da i la i m pene i litia i n ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 141,
"width": 69,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Outer Model",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 155,
"width": 198,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Abdillah da i n Hartono (2015, hlm. 188), outer model a i da i la i h representa i si pengukuran ya i ng menunjukka i n hubunga i n antara i",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 210,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ke i lompok indikator de i nga i n va i ria i be i l laten ya i ng mere i ka repre i sentasikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 238,
"width": 198,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Da i lam konte i ks ini, oute i r model diguna i ka i n seba i ga i i prose i s evaluasi untuk mengukur va i lidita i s dan keanda i la i n da i ta i ya i ng diguna i ka i n. Dalam pe i ngujian outer model, metode ya i ng a i kan digunakanmenca i kup uji validitas, uji re i liabilitas, serta koefisien determina i si. Uji Validita i s",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 376,
"width": 198,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji va i liditas digunakan untuk menentuka i n sah a i tau tidaknya i sua i tu kuesioner. Uji va i lidita i s dila i kukan jika i pe i rtanya i a i n da i lam kuesioner da i pat menjela i ska i n apa i yang dimaksudka i n untuk diukur. Tujua i n uji va i lidita i s a i da i la i h untuk mengeta i hui se i berapa i te i pa i t data yang dilaporka i n peneliti da i n data ya i ngterja i di pa i da i objek se i be i na i rnya. Pa i da i pengujia i n me i ngguna i kan SEM-PLS jika i nilai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 557,
"width": 198,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "fa i ctor loading da i ri se i tiap indika i tor variabel > 0,70 maka i da i pat dinya i ta i ka i n jika data yang di uji bersifat va i lid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 613,
"width": 198,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Re i lia i bilita i s Menurut Arikunto (2013), uji re i lia i bilita i s me i ngindikasika i n bahwa suatu instrume i n dapa i t dipercaya untuk digunakan se i ba i gai a i lat pe i ngumpula i n data ka i rena instrumen terse i but suda i h baik da i lam mengukur varia i bel yang dima i ksud. Da i la i m pe i ngujian menggunakan SEM-PLS, da i ta i dika i ta i ka i n memiliki relia i bilita i syang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 528,
"width": 164,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Fina i ncia i l Distress (X4) Rasio ya i ng digunaka i n da i la i m mengukur se i ja i uh ma i na a i ktiva perusaha i a i n dibia i yai dengan utang.(Ka i smir,2023) Z = 1,21X1 + 1,4X2 +3,3X3 + 0,64X4 + 1,0X5 Ra i sio",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "933",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "memadai jika nila i i Cronbach's alpha dan composite re i liability > 0,70.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 127,
"width": 198,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Discriminant Validiti Menurut Ghoza i li & La i ta i n (2015), discriminan validiti digunaka i n untuk menentuka i n a i pa i kah sua i tustruktur me i miliki diskriminan yang mema i da i i.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 196,
"width": 20,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 196,
"width": 198,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ini dilakuka i n de i nga i n me i mbandingkan nila i i beba i n pada i struktur yang dimaksud dengan nila i i ya i ng le i bih renda i h.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 265,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koefisisen Determinasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 279,
"width": 198,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koefisien determinasi (R2), seperti ya i ng dijela i skan oleh Ba i hri (2018, hlm. 192), mengukur",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 321,
"width": 198,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ke i mampuan model dalam menjela i skan va i ria i si variabe i l independe i n te i rha i dap va i ria i be i l dependen. Denga i n ka i ta i lain, koe i fisien determina i si (R2) da i pat didefinisikan sebaga i i proporsi dari total variasi va i riabe i l independe i n ya i ng da i pa i t dijela i ska i noleh variabe i l depe i nden.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 431,
"width": 66,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Inner Model",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 445,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Inner mode i l merupakan struktur model yang digunakan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 459,
"width": 198,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "untuk memprediksi hubungan se i ba i b-akibat a i ntara i va i riabe i l ya i ng tida i k da i pa i t diukur langsung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 500,
"width": 198,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ini dilakuka i n denga i n menggunakan me i tode i bootstrapping, ya i ng merupaka i n prosedur non- para i metrik untuk menguji signifikansi statistik dari SEM-PLS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 583,
"width": 198,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Hipotesis Uji hipotesis diguna i ka i n untuk menguji penga i ruh va i riabe i l bebas terha i dap varia i bel terikat seca i ra pa i rsial maupun simultan. Menurut pende i ka i ta i n yang diterapka i n ole i h Anura i ga e i t a i l.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 665,
"width": 198,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2021), hipote i sis a i da i la i h pe i rnya i ta i a i n a i ta i u penda i pa i t yang belum pasti a i ta i u be i lum terbukti kebe i na i ra i nnya, sehingga perlu diverifikasi a i ta i u masih merupakan a i sumsi sementara. Uji hipote i sis terbagi me i nja i di dua i jenis, ya i itu Uji F dan Uji t.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 100,
"width": 198,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji F Menurut Suja i rweni (2015), Uji F ada i la i h proses pe i ngujian signifika i nsi persa i ma i a i n yang digunaka i n untuk menila i i seberapa besa i r pe i nga i ruh varia i bel be i bas (X1, X2) seca i ra i be i rsama-sama i terha i da i p va i ria i bel terika i t",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 196,
"width": 198,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Y). Dalam SEM-PLS, pengaruh simulta i n variabel be i ba i s te i rha i da i p va i riabe i l terikat da i pa i t dika i ta i ka i n terjadi jika i nila i i NFI > 0,662.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 279,
"width": 30,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji T",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 293,
"width": 198,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Sugiyono (2021), uji t digunaka i n untuk me i nentuka i n a i pa i kah setia i p kontribusi va i ria i bel beba i s seca i ra parsial signifikan terhada i p va i ria i bel terikat. Da i la i m SEM-PLS, pe i ngujian uji t dianggap berpengaruh seca i raparsial antara va i ria i be i l be i ba i s da i n varia i bel terika i t jika nila i i T-Statistic > 1,69 dan nilai P-va i lue i s < 0,005.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 431,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBA i HASAN PENELITIAN",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 459,
"width": 198,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ga i mba i ra i n Umum Perusaha i an Pene i lita i n ini memakai lapora i n ke i ua i ngan perusa i ha i an manufa i ktur yang te i rda i fta i r di BEI sebanya i k 19 perusa i ha i an untuk melihat ba i gaima i na i pengaruh profitabilitas, ukura i n perusahaa i n, dan fina i nsial distre i ss terhadap ma i najeme i n la i ba i pa i da perusa i haan manufaktur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 597,
"width": 198,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakte i ristik Re i sponden Responden pada i penelitian ini a i da i la i h laporan ke i uangan pe i rusaha i a i n industri mula i i dari periode 2020- 2022 dengan kara i kteristik ya i ng te i la i h ditentuka i n yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "934",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 224,
"width": 164,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pe i njelasan Mengena i i Variabe i l",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 238,
"width": 55,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pe i nelitia i n",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 252,
"width": 198,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada i pene i litian ini me i ma i ka i i varaiabe i l pengaruh profitabilitas, ukuran perusa i ha i an le i ve i ra i ge, dan fina i nsialdistress terhadap manajemen la i ba berikut penje i la i san mengena i i variabel pada pe i ne i litia i n ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 348,
"width": 146,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Profitabilitas (Profitability) :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 362,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Profita i bilitas mencerminkan ke i mampuan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 376,
"width": 198,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "perusa i ha i an untuk me i ngha i silka i n la i ba da i ri kegia i ta i n operasiona i lnya i . Berbagai metrik da i pa i t digunaka i n untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 417,
"width": 198,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengukur profitabilitas, sepe i rti ROA (Re i turn on Assets), ROE (Return on Equity),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 459,
"width": 198,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "atauNPM (Ne i t Profit Margin). Profitabilita i s yang tinggi dapa i t menunjukkan efisiensi dan kesehatankeuanga i n pe i rusaha i a i n.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 528,
"width": 114,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Levera i ge i (Leverage i ) :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 542,
"width": 198,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Leverage i mengacu pada rasio utang perusa i haan dibandingkan dengan e i kuitasnya i . Ra i sio uta i ng da i pa i t me i mbe i rikan gambaran tentang se i berapa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 597,
"width": 29,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "besa i r",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 597,
"width": 198,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "perusa i haan me i ngguna i kan utang untuk me i mbiayai operasinya i . Leverage i da i pa i t memengaruhi risiko da i n profitabilitas pe i rusahaa i n.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 680,
"width": 198,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ukuran Perusaha i an Perusahaa i n dalam subsektor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 707,
"width": 198,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "makana i n dan minuma i n da i pa i t berukura i n ke i cil, mene i nga i h, a i ta i u besa i r. Usa i hakecil sering dimula i i dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "modal terbatas, fokus pa i da pasar lokal, da i n produksi dalam ska i la i kecil. Perusahaa i n menengah tela i h berkembang dari usaha i ke i cil, memiliki fa i silitas produksi yang lebih besar, dan da i pa i t me i nja i ngka i upa i sa i r ya i ng le i bih lua i s. Sementara perusahaan besa i r memiliki skala produksi be i sar, infra i struktur ca i nggih, da i n jangkauan yang luas, sering dikenal secara global.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 238,
"width": 94,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fina i nsia i l Distress",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 251,
"width": 198,
"height": 221,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Finansial distress a i ta i u ke i sulitan keuangan a i dalah kondisi di mana i perusa i haan atau individu mengalami kesulita i n da i la i m me i me i nuhi kewa i jiban keuanga i nnya i . Ini bisa i terjadi ketika i penda i pa i ta i n tida i k mencukupi untuk me i mba i ya i r huta i ng atau biaya i operasiona i l, a i ta i u ketika i terja i di perubahan ya i ng tida i k terduga i da i lam kondisi pa i sar ata i u bia i ya i ya i ng signifikan. Finansia i l distre i ss bisa i menjadi ta i nda i masalah yang le i bih dalam dala i m ma i na i je i me i n keuanga i n pe i rusaha i a i n da i n dapat me i nga i rah pada i ke i ba i ngkruta i n jika tida i k ditanga i ni denga i n ba i ik .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 486,
"width": 198,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mana i jemen Laba Ma i na i je i me i n la i ba i ada i lah pra i ktik ya i ng dilakuka i n oleh pe i rusahaa i n untuk me i manipula i si a i ta i u me i nye i sua i ika i n la i pora i n keua i nga i n dengan ca i ra i terte i ntu guna i memengaruhi persepsi atau pe i nilaia i n para i pema i ngku ke i pentingan te i rha i dap kinerja ke i ua i ngan perusahaa i n. Tujuan uta i ma i ma i na i je i me i n la i ba i bisa i berma i ca i m-macam, termasuk untuk me i ningka i tka i n citra perusa i haan di pa i sa i r, memenuhi hara i pa i n a i na i lis keuanga i n, a i ta i u memperoleh ke i untunga i n yangle i bih be i sar bagi pa i ra i pemegang saha i m.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 707,
"width": 195,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil dan Pe i mba i hasan A i na i lisis Data i Untuk menga i na i lisis da i ta pada i",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 132,
"width": 143,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perusahaan manufaktur yang menerbitkan laporan tahunan (annual report)lengkap untuk periode 2020 - 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 89,
"width": 148,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode2020 -2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "935",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pene i litian ini, menggunaka i n softwa i re a i nalisis da i ta i yaitu SEM-PLS. SEM- PLS ada i la i h software olah da i ta i ya i ng tidak memerlukan uji norma i lita i s da i n dapat digua i kan pada i sampel yang berjumlah kecil. Pa i da i pe i nelitian ini akan digunaka i n dua i taha i pa i n da i la i m pengujia i n ya i itu inner mode i l dan outer model:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 224,
"width": 70,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oute i r Mode i l",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 238,
"width": 198,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada i SEM-PLS oute i r model yang a i kan diteliti a i da i la i h convergent validity, Discrimina i n validity da i n relia i bilitas untuk meliha i t a i pakah da i ta responden memiliki validitas da i n relia i bilita i s yang tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 334,
"width": 198,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Conve i rge i nt Va i lidity Convergent validity digunaka i n untuk me i lihat hubungan sebe i ra i pa i baik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 376,
"width": 198,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "validitas indika i tor da i n variabe i l konstruknya be i rhubunga i n timbal balik de i nga i n meliha i t nilai setia i p fa i ctor loading. Dika i ta i kan setiap inidika i tor validjika i nilai setia i p factor loa i dingnya i > 0,70. Berikut ha i sil da i ri pengujia i n convergent validity untuk meliha i t validita i santara indika i tor de i ngga i n variabel konstruknya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 633,
"width": 186,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Gambar struktur Oute i r Loading (Sumbe i r SEM-PLS 3.0",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 672,
"width": 157,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabe i l 2. Nilai Factor Loading (Sumber SEM-PLS 3.0)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 707,
"width": 183,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PROFITA i BILIT A i S LE i VE i RA i G E i UKURA i N PE i RUSA i H A i A i N FINA i NCIA i L DISTRE i SS MA i NA i JE i ME i N LA i BA i PROFITA i BILITA i S 1,000 LE i VE i RA i GE i 1,000 UKURA i N",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 731,
"width": 112,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PE i RUSA i HA i A i N 1,000",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 741,
"width": 184,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FINA i NCIA i L DISTRE i SS 1,000",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 750,
"width": 31,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MA i NA i JE i ME i N",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 750,
"width": 9,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,000",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 86,
"width": 13,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LA i BA i",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 91,
"width": 197,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Da i pa i t dilihat dari ta i bel dia i tas jika i nilai se i tiap factor va i ria i bel dia i ta i s >0,70 ma i ka i da i pat dika i taka i a i n jika i",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 133,
"width": 198,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "se i tiapvaria i bel da i n indikator pengukuran dinyataka i n me i miliki nilai validitas ya i ng tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 188,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Discrimina i nt Va i lidity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 202,
"width": 198,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Discriminant va i lidity diguna i ka i n untuk me i lihat ba i gaima i na i setia i p va i riabe i l sa i ling be i rkorela i si de i nga i n setiap indikator, dengan melihat nilai se i tiap variabel yang semakin besa i r, nilai dari discrimina i nt va i lidity diperoleh dari nilai cross laoding. Berikut nila i i da i ri cross loa i ding setelah dila i kuka i n analisis data se i ba i gai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 340,
"width": 191,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabe i l 3. Nilai Discriminant Validity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 360,
"width": 184,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MA i NA i JE i ME i N LA i BA i PROFITA i BILITA i S LE i VE i RA i G E i UKURA i N PE i RUSA i HA i A i N FINA i NCIA i L DISTRE i SS MA i NA i JE i ME i N LA i BA i 1,000 PROFITA i BILIT A i S 0,694 1,000 LE i VE i RA i GE i -0,060 -0,120 1,000 UKURA i N PE i RUSA i HA i A i N -0,005 -0,048 -0,044 1,000 FINA i NCIA i L DISTRE i SS -0,127 -0,103 0,183 0,060 1,000",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 432,
"width": 114,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: SEM-PLS 3.0",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 446,
"width": 198,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Da i pa i t diliha i t dari tabe i l dia i ta i s jika nilai setia i p va i ria i beel memiliki nia i li cross loa i ding yang sama, ma i ka untuk me i ndapa i tka i n nila i i discrimina i nt validity dilakuka i n dengan mengguna i ka i n me i tode i la i in ya i itu denga i n me i lihat nila i i AVE(Average Va i ria i ns Extraced).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 542,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ta i ha i p pe i ngujian selanjutnya i ada i la i h relia i bilitas. Pengujia i n",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 570,
"width": 198,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "relia i bilitas digunakan untuk melihat a i paka i h indikator de i nga i n va i riabe i l la i ten reliabe i l a i ta i u tida i k, de i nga i n meliha i t nilai cronbach a i lpa dan composite re i laibiltas ma i sing- ma i sing varia i bel >0,70. Berikut hasil relia i bilita i s se i te i la i h dila i kukan ana i lisis data:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 666,
"width": 189,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ta i bel 4. Nilai Reliabilitas (Sumbe i r : SMA i RT-PLS 3.0)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 700,
"width": 115,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cronba i ch 's A i lpha i rho_A i Composite i Re i lia i bility A i ve i ra i ge i Va i ria i nce i E i xtra i cte i d (A i VE i )",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 736,
"width": 137,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PROFITA i BILITA i S 1,000 1,000 1,000",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 736,
"width": 13,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 743,
"width": 175,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LE i VE i RA i GE i 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "936",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 207,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UKURA i N PE i RUSA i HA i A i N 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 FINA i NCIA i L DISTRE i SS 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 MA i NA i JE i ME i N LA i BA i 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Da i pa i t dilihat da i ri ta i bel diatas jika i nila i i cronbach a i lpa i da i n composite i relibilita i s nilainya >0,70 maka i da i pa i t dinya i ta i ka i n jika i variabe i l pa i da pe i nelitia i n ini bersifat re i liabel, kemudia i n da i pa i t dinilai juga i nilai dari AVE jika i nilaiAVE pa i da i pe i ne i litia i n ini >0,50 sehingga i dapa i t dinyatakan jika dicriminant validity pa i da i pe i nelitia i n ini bersifat valid. Ma i ka dapat disimpulkan jika i penelitian ini me i miliki nila i i va i lidita i s dan relia i bilita i s yang tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 308,
"width": 67,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Inner Model",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 322,
"width": 198,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada i SEM-PLS uji ya i ng aka i n dite i liti a i dalah koefisien determina i si, uji hipotesis yang termasuk pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 363,
"width": 198,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pengujia i nUji F da i n Uji T. Pengujia i n inne i r mode i l diguna i kan untuk meliha i t penga i ruh varia i bel bebas terhadap varia i bel terikat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 432,
"width": 118,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koe i fisie i n Dete i rmina i si",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 446,
"width": 198,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koe i fisien de i termina i si diguna i kan untuk me i lihat se i berapa i be i sar varia i be i l indepe i ndent be i rpengaruh terha i da i p varia i bel depe i ndent denga i n meliha i t nilai R-square i Adjustednya. Be i rikut nilai da i ri hasil uji koefisien determina i si se i ba i gai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 543,
"width": 192,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabe i l 5. Nilai Koe i fisie i n De i terminasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 556,
"width": 150,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Sumbe i r : SMA i RT-PLS 3.0)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 578,
"width": 169,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "R Squa i re i R Squa i re i A i djuste i d MA i NA i JE i ME i N",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 605,
"width": 26,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LA i BA i",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 186,
"top": 596,
"width": 57,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0,78 0, 70",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 615,
"width": 199,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Da i pa i t dilihat dari tabel dia i ta i s jika i terdapa i t penga i ruh se i be i sar 7 8 % a i nta i ra i pe i nga i ruh va i riabe i l Levera i ge i , Profita i bilitas, Dewa i n Komisa i ris, dan Pe i rtumbuha i n Perusa i han, te i rha i da i p CSR da i n sisanya 22 % dipengaruhi oleh varia i bel la i in.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 725,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Hipote i sis Uji hipotesis da i pa i t dibagi menjadi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dua i ya i itu uji f dan uji t. Uji f digunakan untuk me i lihat pe i nga i ruh secara simultan antar variabel independe i nt dan de i pe i ndent, seda i ngka i n Uji t untuk me i lihat pengaruh seca i ra parsia i l.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 169,
"width": 29,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji F",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 183,
"width": 198,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji F digunakan untuk meliha i t hubungan secara i simultan antar varia i bel indepe i nde i nt terhada i p varia i be i l depende i nt denga i n meliha i t nila i i NFI > 0,662. Be i rikut hasil uji nila i i F se i telah dila i kuka i n pengujia i n:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 265,
"width": 154,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ta i bel 5. Nilai Uji F (Sumber: SMART-PLS 3.0)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 299,
"width": 198,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sa i tura i te i d Mode i l E i stima i te i d Mode i l SRMR 0,000 0,000 d_ULS 0,000 0,000 d_G 0,000 0,000 Chi-Squa i re i 0,000 0,000 NFI 1,000 1,000 Da i pa i t dilihat dari tabe i l diata i s jika i nilai NFI (1,0) > 0,0662 sehingga i da i pa i t disimpulka i n jika variabe i l Profita i bilitas Leve i rga i e, ukura i n pe i rusahaa i n, variabe i fina i nsial distress be i rpengaruh secara simultan te i rha i da i p varia i bel ma i na i je i me i n laba.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "937",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 30,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji T",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 100,
"width": 198,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji T digunaka i n untuk me i lihat hubungan va i ria i bel seca i ra i parsia i l de i nga i n melihat nila i i T-Sta i tistics > 1,96 dan P-Values < 0,05. Berikut ha i sil da i ri Uji T se i te i lah dila i kukan pengujia i n a i nalisis da i ta i :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 183,
"width": 198,
"height": 240,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ta i bel 6. Uji T (Sumber : SMART- PLS 3.0) Origina i l Sa i mple i (O) Sa i mple i Me i a i n (M) Sta i nda i r d De i via i tio n (STDE i V) T Sta i tistics (|O/STDE i V|) P Va i lue i s PROFITA i BIL ITA i S -> MA i NA i JE i M E i N MA i BA i 0,082 0,096 0,077 1,094 0,441 LE i VE i RA i GE i -> MA i NA i JE i M E i N LA i BA i 0,316 0,309 0,105 3,006 0,003 UKURA i N PE i RUSA i HA i A i N -> MA i NA i JE i ME i N LA i BA i 0,390 0,385 0,103 3,800 0,000 FINA i NCIA i L DISTRE i SS -> MA i NA i JE i M E i N LA i BA i 0,304 0,316 0,077 3,973 0,000 Pada i Uji T ke i te i ntuan ya i ng diteta i pkan ada i lah nila i i T-statistic >1,96 dan P-Va i lue < 0,005. Pada ta i be i l hasilpenguja i in dia i ta i s da i pa i t dilihat jika i variabel",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 410,
"width": 69,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LEVERAGE,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 410,
"width": 198,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UKURA i N PERUSAHAAN, dan FINANCIA i L DISTRESS tidak be i rpengaruh se i ca i ra i pa i rsial te i rha i dap variabel MANAJEMEN LABA.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 493,
"width": 198,
"height": 261,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pe i mbahasan Ha i sil Analisis Da i ta i Pe i ngaruh Profita i bilitas Terha i da i p Ma i na i jemen Laba Pada i hasil pene i litian ini didapat jika i profita i bilita i s be i rpe i nga i ruh se i ca i ra i simultan te i rha i da i p variabe i l ma i na i jeme i n la i ba i dibuktikan dengan nilai Uji F (1,00) > 0,662 na i mun tida i k berpenga i ruh secara pa i rsial te i rha i da i p varia i bel Y dikarena i ka i n nila i i T-sta i tistic (1.094) < 1,96 dan nila i i P-Va i lue i (0,0441) > (0,005) sehingga i H 1 ditola i k. Ha i sil pe i nelitia i n ini didukung oleh hasil pe i ne i litia i n Komang Eva i Ta i risma i Yasa, Ni Ma i de Suna i rsih, Gusti yu Asri Pra i me i sti (2020 ) dengam judul peneitia i n “Pe i nga i ruh Ukuran Pe i rusaha i a i n, Le i vera i ge dan Profita i bilita i s Te i rha i dap Ma i na i je i me i n La i ba i pa i da",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pe i rusahaa i n Manufaktur di BEI Ta i hun 2016-2018”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 113,
"width": 198,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, da i pat disimpulkan bahwa i semakin besa i r ukura i n perusa i ha i an ma i ka i se i makin ke i cil manipulasi laba ya i ng dilakukan manajemen perusa i haan. Kare i na i semakin besa i r perusa i ha i an se i makinketa i t pe i nga i wa i san terhadap pihak inte i rna i l pe i rusahaa i n.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 238,
"width": 160,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pe i ngaruh Levera i ge i Terha i dap Ma i na i je i men Laba",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 265,
"width": 198,
"height": 456,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada i ha i sil penelitian yang dila i kukan terdapat pe i nga i ruh se i cara i positif antara va i riabe i Le i verage (LEVERAGE) terhadap varia i bel mana i jemen la i b a dengan me i lihat nila i i Uji F (1,00) > 0,662, na i mun terhadap UjiT dapat diliha i t jika nilai T-sta i tistic (3,006) > (1,96) da i n nilai P-values (0.003) < (0,05). Sehingga i H 2 diterima. Ha i sil Pe i nelitia i n yang dila i kukan oleh Vela i ndina i Chiva i n Naftalia i dan Marsono (2013) dengan judul penelitian “Pengaruh Le i verage terhadap Ma i na i je i men La i ba dengan Corpora i te i Gove i rna i nce sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi”. Ha i sil penelitian ini menunjukka i n jika i leve i ra i ge berpenga i ruh seca i ra positif te i rha i dap ma i na i je i me i n laba dika i renakan Tingkat utang ya i ng tinggi (levera i ge) me i miliki potensi untuk memengaruhi praktik mana i je i men la i ba i . Tingkat leverage i yang tinggi mungkin disebabkan oleh kegaga i lan da i la i m pengelola i an keuangan perusa i ha i an oleh mana i jemen a i tau pe i nerapan stra i tegi yang kura i ng efektif da i ri pihak mana i jemen. Ka i rena kurangnya pe i nga i wa i san ya i ng memungkinkan tingka i t leverage i yang tinggi, ini juga dapat me i ndorong tindakan yang opportunistik,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 708,
"width": 198,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sepertipra i ktik mana i jemen laba i , dengan tujua i n memperta i hankan citra i",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 477,
"top": 735,
"width": 34,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kinerja i",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "938",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "perusahaa i n di ma i ta i pe i me i ga i ng saha i m dan publik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 127,
"width": 163,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pe i ngaruh Ukuran Perusahaa i n",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 141,
"width": 198,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manaje i me i n La i ba i Pada i ha i sil pe i nelitia i n ini terdapat penga i ruh secara positif a i nta i ra i va i ria i be ukuran perusaha i a i n (UKURAN",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 196,
"width": 199,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PERUSAHAAN) te i rha i dap variabel ma i na i je i me i n lab a i dengan meliha i t nila i i Uji F (1,00) > 0,662, namun te i rha i dap Uji T dapat diliha i t jika nilai T-sta i tistic (3,800) > (1,96) da i n nila i i P-va i lue i s ( 0.000 ) < (0,05). Se i hingga i H 3 diterima. Hasil pe i nelitia i nya i ng tela i h dila i kuka i n Komang Eva Tarisma Ya i sa, Ni Ma i de i Sunarsih, Gusti Ayu Asri Pramesti (2020 ) dengan judul pene i itia i n “Pe i nga i ruh Ukura i n",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 334,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perusa i haan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 348,
"width": 198,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Le i verage dan Profita i bilita i s Te i rha i dap Ma i na i je i me i n La i ba i pa i da Pe i rusahaa i n Manufaktur di BEI Ta i hun 2016-2018”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 390,
"width": 198,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan ha i sil penelitian tersebut bahwa i se i ma i kin besa i r ukura i n pe i rusahaa i n, se i makin ke i cil kemungkina i n manipula i si la i ba ya i ng dila i kuka i n oleh ma i najeme i n perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 459,
"width": 198,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini mungkin diseba i bkan oleh tingkat pengawa i sa i n yang lebih ke i tat terhadap pihak interna i l perusa i ha i an pada perusahaa i n ya i ng lebih besa i r. Denga i n demikian, ma i na i jeme i n laba i ce i nde i rung lebih terkenda i li di perusahaa i n- perusa i ha i an dengan ukuran yang le i bih be i sar karena a i da i nya mekanisme pengawasa i n ya i ng lebih efektif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 597,
"width": 198,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penga i ruh Finansial Distress Terha i da i p Mana i jemen Laba i Pa i da i ha i sil pene i litia i n ini terdapa i t penga i ruh seca i ra positif a i nta i ra varia i be fina i nsial distress (FINANCIA i L DISTRESS)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 666,
"width": 198,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terhada i p va i riabel ma i najemen la i b a dengan meliha i t nila i i Uji F (1,00) > 0,662, namun terhadap Uji T da i pa i t dilihat jika nilai T-statistic (3,973) < (1,96) dan nila i i P-values (0.000) > (0,05). Sehingga H 4 diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ha i sil penelitia i n se i belumnya i telah dila i kukan oleh Zide i a i Chairunnisa, Ma i s Ra i smini, M. Benny Ale i xa i ndri de i nga i n judul penelitian “ Penga i ruh financia i l distre i ss terhada i p ma i na i je i men laba i pa i da i perusa i ha i an sub sektor telekomunika i si ya i ng terda i ftar di bei periode 2015 - 2019”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 196,
"width": 198,
"height": 262,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ha i sil pene i litian ini me i nunjukkan bahwa i finansia i l distre i ss berpanga i ruh terhadap ma i na i jeme i n laba dikarena i ka i n Sema i kin tinggi tingkat fina i ncial distress, perilaku manajemen la i ba i cende i rung meningkat. Sa i ran untuk pe i rusahaa i n ada i la i h memperhatika i n se i ca i ra i khusus beba i n yang ha i rus diba i yar da i n me i ningka i tkan penerima i an pe i nda i pa i ta i n untuk me i nutupi beba i n- beban terutama i yang be i rsifa i t ja i ngka i pendek. Langka i h-la i ngka i h yang dapa i t diambil te i rmasuk me i ngura i ngi a i ngga i ra i n untuk biaya i pemeliha i ra i an, meningka i tka i n pe i njualan, atau mela i kukan promosi produk agar be i ba i n yang dikelua i rkan da i pa i t ditekan sedemikian rupa i sehingga laba yang dipe i roleh tetap tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 472,
"width": 59,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENUTUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 486,
"width": 198,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ke i simpulan Berdasa i rkan hasil penelitian yang dila i kukan ma i ka da i pa i t dita i rik kesimpulan sebaga i i berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 541,
"width": 198,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Profitabilitas tida i k berpe i nga i ruh seca i ra positif terhada i p ma i na i je i me i n la i ba i pada i Pe i rusaha i a i n Ma i nufa i ktur SubSektor Maka i na i n dan Minuma i n ya i ng te i rdafta i r di Bursa Efe i k Indone i sia (BEI) Tahun 2020-2022. 2. Leverage berpenga i ruh secara positif te i rha i da i p mana i je i men laba i pada i Pe i rusaha i a i n Ma i nufa i ktur Sub SektorMaka i na i n da i n Minuma i n ya i ng te i rda i fta i r di Bursa i Efek Indonesia (BEI) Ta i hun 2020-2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 707,
"width": 198,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Ukuran Pe i rusahaa i n be i rpe i nga i ruh secara positif terhadap ma i na i jeme i n laba pa i da i Perusa i ha i an",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "939",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 86,
"width": 183,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ma i nufa i kturSub Se i ktor Makana i n da i n Minuma i n ya i ng terda i ftar di Bursa i",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 113,
"width": 181,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Efek Indone i sia i (BEI) Ta i hun 2020- 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 141,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Fina i nsial Distress",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 141,
"width": 183,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berpenga i ruh secara positif terha i da i p ma i na i jeme i n laba i pada Perusa i ha i an Ma i nufa i ktur SubSektor Maka i na i n dan Minuma i n ya i ng te i rda i fta i r di Bursa Efe i k Indone i sia (BEI) Tahun 2020-2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 237,
"width": 198,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sa i ra i n Berdasa i rkan kesimpula i n ya i ng tela i h di uraia i kan diatas maka i sa i ra i n ya i ng dapat diberika i n me i la i lui pe i ne i litia i n ini adalah se i ba i gai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 306,
"width": 198,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Sara i n untuk investor yaitu la i kukan la i gi analisis le i bih mendala i m terhada i p laporan keuanga i n perusa i haan, me i mpe i rha i tikan tingkat utang dan struktur organisa i si, se i rta i wa i spada te i rha i dap tanda i -ta i nda i tekana i n keuanga i n ya i ng dapa i t me i ndorong ma i najemen laba. Tida i k hanya i berga i ntung pa i da satu indika i tor ke i ua i ngan, te i ta i pi mengevaluasi seca i ra kompre i hensif untuk mengurangi risiko investa i si.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 472,
"width": 198,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Sara i n untuk perusa i haan yaitu perusahaa i n perlu meningkatkan transparansi da i la i m laporan keuanga i n dan me i mpe i rkua i t tata i kelola i untuk mengurangi kekhawatira i n investor. Mengelola i uta i ng dengan bijaksa i na dan me i ma i stika i n sistem pe i ngendalia i n interna i l yang kuat sa i ngat penting untuk me i njaga i kepe i rca i ya i an inve i stor dan stabilitas finansial perusa i haan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 624,
"width": 198,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Sara i n untuk pene i liti se i la i njutnya a i da i la i h memperluas periode studi untuk mendapa i tka i n gambaran yang le i bih luas tentang tren ma i na i je i me i n laba i , mengguna i ka i n me i todologi ya i ng be i ra i gam sepe i rti studi kasus atau analisis kualitatif untuk pemahaman yang lebih mendalam, da i n me i la i kuka i n penelitia i n di sektor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 86,
"width": 184,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "industri la i in untuk me i lihat apaka i h temuan ini konsisten di be i rba i gai konte i ks industri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 141,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 155,
"width": 198,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bursa Efek Indonesia. (2024). Artikel tentang investasi saham di Indonesia. Devanka, D., Endiana, I. D. M., & Kumalasari, P. D. (2022). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi manajemen laba pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 265,
"width": 198,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2018-2020. Kumpulan Hasil Riset Mahasiswa Akuntansi (KHARISMA, 4 (1), 85-96. Fathihani, F., & Wijayanti, F. A. K. (2022). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi manajemen laba. Jurnal Online Insan Akuntan, 7 (1), 75-88. Hardiyanti, W., Kartika, A., & Sudarsi,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 403,
"width": 169,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "S. (2022). Analisis profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, leverage dan pengaruhnya terhadap manajemen laba perusahaan manufaktur. Owner: Riset dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 6 (4), 4071-4082.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 486,
"width": 198,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kristiana, U. E., & Rita, M. R. (2021). Leverage, ukuran perusahaan, dan siklus hidup perusahaan terhadap manajemen",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 527,
"width": 198,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "laba. AFRE Accounting and Financial Review, 4 (1), 54-64. Mellennia, D. A. (2023). Financial distress terhadap praktik manajemen laba dan good corporate governance sebagai variabel moderasi di masa pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Informasi, Perpajakan, Akuntansi, dan Keuangan Publik, 18 (1), 69- 86.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 693,
"width": 198,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rizki, F. N. (2021). Pengaruh asimetri informasi, leverage, ukuran perusahaan dan profitabilitas terhadap manajemen laba. Ajar,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 37,
"width": 349,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2024. COSTING:Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting 7(5):928-940",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 793,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "940",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 (02), 187-204. Salma, N., & Riska, T. J. (2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 113,
"width": 169,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh rasio leverage, likuiditas, profitabilitas terhadap kualitas laba perusahaan makanan minuman BEI. Competitive,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 169,
"width": 66,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14 (2), 84-95.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 183,
"width": 198,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Septiani, T. A., Siswantini, T., &",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 196,
"width": 169,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Murtatik, S. (2021). Pengaruh likuiditas, leverage, dan profitabilitas terhadap financial distress pada sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di BEI. Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 279,
"width": 74,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 (1), 100- 111.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 293,
"width": 198,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setiowati, D. P., Salsabila, N. T., & Eprianto, I. (2023). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, dan profitabilitas terhadap manajemen laba. Jurnal Economina, 2 (8), 2137- 2146. Susanti, M., & Samara, A. (2023). Pengaruh penjualan, total hutang, ukuran perusahaan, persediaan terhadap laba bersih (Studi kasus perusahaan manufaktur sektor aneka industri, sub sektor alas kaki yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia). Wiryadi, A., & Sebrina, N. (2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 500,
"width": 169,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh asimetri informasi, kualitas audit, danstruktur kepemilikan terhadap manajemen laba. Wahana Riset Akuntansi,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 555,
"width": 75,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 (2), 155- 180.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 569,
"width": 198,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yolanda, L. S. (2023). Pengaruh gaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 583,
"width": 169,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada kantor konsultan manajemen wilayah Oversight Consultant (Oc) Regional-3 Pekanbaru Riau. Bisnis-Master , 20-29.",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
b1464296-ecb7-db76-a2c4-93e235b3e9db | https://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/pantura/index.php/alhikmah/article/download/3381/2402 | [
{
"left": 143,
"top": 784,
"width": 309,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 74,
"width": 434,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STUDI ISLAM DI BARAT; ANTARA KOLONIALISASI ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN ACADEMIC ORIENTED",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 199,
"top": 114,
"width": 198,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moh. Mundzir 1 dan Muhammad Aziz 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 143,
"width": 421,
"height": 424,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract , the golden ink incision of Islamic civilization which has long dominated the world certainly makes Islam a phenomenon that deserves to be studied throughout the ages, especially by people outside of Islam. Westerners in particular. They researched, conducted studies, and made Islam as an object of study in their world of education. Moreover, supported by the methodological advantages they have. As a result, up to now, hundreds or even thousands of Islamic Studies experts have been born from several universities both in America and in Europe. With this background, the author wants to examine in depth related to Islamic studies in the Western world, especially in the academic world. Hopefully it can provide overall benefits. From the background mentioned, several problems can be formulated to be examined in this paper, including: What is the nature of Islamic studies? What is the history of Islamic studies in the Western world? What is the current condition of Islamic studies in the Western academic world? From the presentation of Islamic studies in the Western academic world mentioned in the previous chapter, it can be concluded that: (1) Islamic Studies is an attempt to know and understand and discuss in depth about the ins and outs of things related to Islam from various aspects. With the holding of Islamic studies, it is expected to be able to improve the understanding and appreciation of the Islamic community wherever they are; (2) Islamic studies when viewed from the perspective of the study, can be grouped into two, insider and outsider. The study of Islam by Muslims themselves in classical times tended to use sustainable patterns from generation to generation. The pattern is experiencing a shift in the present, which tends to be a critical pattern. While the outsider's perspective, Islamic studies are critical in various aspects because they are based on the attitude of defending themselves against the beliefs they have believed so far; (3) The history of Islamic studies in the Western academic world has been around for a long time. The long history is decoded into three according to the purpose and content of Islamic studies. The three stages include: theological stage, political stage and scientific stage; (4) The condition of Islamic studies in the Western academic world can be seen from the rise of centers of Islamic studies in various countries both in America and Europe. Many centers of Islamic studies have sprung up in the United States, Chicago, the Netherlands, Germany, London and so on.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 570,
"width": 298,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords , Islamic, Western, Eastern, and Orientalist Studies",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 598,
"width": 71,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 612,
"width": 457,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Semenjak kehadiran Rasulullah, Islam menjadi sebuah agama sekaligus peradaban baru yang muncul bahkan kemudian mendominasi peradaban di dunia. Kemajuan Islam telah banyak dikenal dunia sejak zaman Khulafaur Rasyidun. Dan semakin lama, nyatanya kemajuan Islam semakin berkembang pesat. Saat itu, kemajuan yang ditorehkan oleh Islam tidak hanya di bidang militer. Islam juga mengalami kemajuan di bidang sains, teknologi, perekonomian, tata negara dan lain sebagainya. Singkatnya, Islam tidak lagi hanya sebagai agama yang menarik untuk dianut, melainkan juga sebuah peradaban hebat yang wajib untuk diikuti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 746,
"width": 273,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 STIT Makhdum Ibrahim Tuban, email: [email protected]",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 758,
"width": 225,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 STAI Al-Hikmah Tuban, email: [email protected]",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 37,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "165",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 784,
"width": 309,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 457,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Torehan tinta emas peradaban Islam yang cukup lama mendominasi dunia tersebut tentunya menjadikan Islam sebagai sebuah fenomena yang layak untuk dikaji di sepanjang zaman terutama oleh orang-orang di luar Islam. Orang-orang Barat khususnya. Mereka meneliti, melakukan kajian, hingga menjadikan Islam sebagai sebuah objek kajian di dunia pendidikan mereka. Apalagi didukung dengan keunggulan metodologis yang mereka miliki. Hasilnya, hingga kini, ratusan bahkan ribuan pakar Islamic Studies terlahir dari beberapa Universitas baik di Amerika maupun di Eropa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 170,
"width": 456,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan latar belakang inilah, penulis ingin mengkaji secara mendalam berkaitan dengan studi Islam di dunia Barat khususnya didunia akademik. Semoga dapat memberikan manfaat secara menyeluruh. Dari latar belakang yang telah disebutkan, dapat dirumuskan beberapa masalah yang akan dikaji dalam makalah ini antara lain: Apakah hakikat studi Islam?; Bagaimanakah sejarah studi Islam di dunia Barat?; Bagaimanakah kondisi studi Islam pada saat ini di dunia akademik Barat?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 267,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hakikat Studi Islam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 281,
"width": 457,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi Islam atau dengan istilah barat dinamakan Islamic Studies sekarang sedang marak dijadikan sebuah program studi oleh berbagai institusi baik di negara yang mayoritas penduduknya Islam, maupun yang tidak. Banyak lembaga-lembaga pendidikan tinggi baik yang memiliki embel-embel nama Islam maupun tidak, yang menawarkan jurusan Islamic Studies untuk para mahasiswa maupun sarjana. Munculnya fenomena Islam sebagai obyek keilmuan nampaknya perlu difahami terlebih dahulu agar tidak menimbulkan kerancuan dalam memaknai studi Islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 377,
"width": 457,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi Islam sebenarnya berasal dari dua kata, yakni Studi dan Islam. Secara etimologi, studi berarti penelitian ilmiah, kajian, telaah dan riset. Sedangkan Islam berasal dari kata salima yang berarti selamat sentosa, yang kemudian dikembangkan menjadi aslama yang berarti berserah diri masuk dalam kedamaian. 3 Jika didefinisikan secara terminologi, Studi Islam berarti usaha sadar dan sistematis untuk mengetahui dan memahami serta membahas secara mendalam tentang seluk beluk atau hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan agama Islam. Baik berupa ajaran, sejarah, maupun praktik-praktik pelaksanaannya secara nyata dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, sepanjang sejarahnya. 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 488,
"width": 456,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika melihat sifat dan karakteristik dari dua kata di atas, yakni studi dan Islam, maka akan ditemukan sebuah kontradiksi yang cukup tajam. Kata studi berkaitan dengan ilmu pengetahuan yang mempunyai sifat dan karakter kritis, analistis, empiris dan historis. Sedangkan sifat dan karakteristik agama lebih cenderung menuju pada sikap pemihakan, idealitas, bahkan seringkali diwarnai pembelaan yang bercorak apologis. 5 Oleh karena itu, Amin Abdullah memiliki pandangan menarik tentang studi Islam bahwasanya ketika Islam dilihat dari segi normatif, maka Islam kurang pas dikatakan sebagai sebuah disiplin Ilmu. Sedangkan ketika Islam dilihat dari segi historis yakni dalam artian Islam dipraktikkan oleh manusia serta tumbuh dan berkembang dalam sejarah kehidupan manusia, maka Islam dapat dikatakan sebagai sebuah disiplin Ilmu. 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 626,
"width": 456,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salah satu sebab pentingnya diadakan studi Islam ialah berangkat dari permasalahan ketika fungsi agama Islam semakin lama semakin bergeser. Agama yang sejatinya mengandung arti sebagai suatu ikatan yang harus dipegang dan dipatuhi oleh manusia, ikatan yang memiliki pengaruh besar sekali terhadap kehidupan manusia sehari-hari, yang berasal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 723,
"width": 351,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Abudin Nata, Metodologi Studi Islam, (Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008), 62",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 735,
"width": 386,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Muhaimin, et al, Kawasan Dan Wawasan Studi Islam, (Jakarta: Pranata Media, 2007),Cet 2 1",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 746,
"width": 441,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Amin Abdullah, Studi Agama Normativitas atau Historisitas, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2011, Cet 5, 105",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 758,
"width": 239,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Amin Abdullah, Studi Agama Normativitas..............., 106",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 37,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "166",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 784,
"width": 309,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 72,
"width": 457,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dari satu hal gaib yang jelas jauh lebih tinggi dari manusia. 7 Ikatan itu seharusnya berfungsi memperbaiki keadaan manusia di sepanjang zaman. Namun kenyataannya, kemiskinan, kebodohan dan kesewenang-wenangan justru dipraktikkan oleh orang beragama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 115,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Padahal menurut Harun Nasution, sebagaimana dikutip oleh Abudin Nata, bahwa orang yang bertakwa adalah orang yang melaksanakan perintah Tuhan dan menjauhi cegahanNya. Dengan demikian, orang yang bertakwa dekat dengan Tuhan. Sementara orang yang dekat dengan Tuhan adalah orang yang suci. Dan orang yang suci harusnya bermoral tinggi. 8 Kenyataannya, agama di Indonesia cenderung dijadikan sebagai tuntutan untuk aktifitas yang bersifat ritual formal. 9 Dan kenyataan ini berlangsung lama serta merata. Agama bukan lagi dipandang isinya melainkan hanya bentuknya saja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 212,
"width": 456,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari fakta tersebut, dapat ketahui bahwa agama Islam di Indonesia kurang begitu difahami secara utuh dan mendalam. Dengan latar belakang itulah, pendalaman kajian Islam diperlukan. Muncullah studi baru dengan nama studi Islam dengan agama Islam sebagai obyeknya. Dengan adanya studi Islam, diharapkan mampu mengubah pemahaman dan penghayatan keislaman masyarakat Muslim Indonesia secara khusus, dan masyarakat beragama pada umumnya. 10",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 308,
"width": 294,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakteristik Studi Islam Perspektif Insider dan Outsider",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 322,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fenomena munculnya studi Islam tidak hanya menjamur di Indonesia, atau di kalangan umat Islam saja. Orang-orang di luar islam juga giat mengkaji agama Islam melalui kajian-kajian baik formal maupun non formal. Terlepas dari apa motivasi mereka dalam mengkaji agama Islam, namun secara jelas, ini menunjukkan bahwa Islam merupakan suatu fenomena yang sangat layak untuk dikaji.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 391,
"width": 456,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika dirunut dari fakta sejarah, Islam sebagai suatu obyek kajian telah ada sejak zaman menjamurnya ilmuwan-ilmuwan Muslim. Sebenarnya tidak hanya pengetahuan Islam saja, tapi ilmu pengetahuan secara luas mengalami kemajuan pesat sejak dinasti Umayyah. Beberapa khalifah bani Umayyah seperti al Walid dan Umar bin Abdul Aziz merupakan gambaran khalifah yang sangat memperhatikan ilmu pengetahuan di samping khalifah- khalifah lainnya. 11 Begitu pula Khalifah-khalifah pada dinasti-dinasti Islam setelah dinasti Umayyah. Intinya, saat itu, Islam benar-benar mengalami kemajuan di segala bidang, terutama di bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Saat era modern, studi Islam tidak hanya diselenggarakan oleh lembaga pendidikan di negara Islam saja. Di negara-negara Eropa dan Amerika pun banyak menyelenggarakan studi Islam sebagai salah satu program studi di dunia akademik. Sebelum mempelajari tentang studi Islam di dunia akademik barat, alangkah baiknya kita telaah terlebih dahulu karakteristik studi Islam jika dilihat dari perspektif pelaksana kajiannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 597,
"width": 456,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 Intisari dari beberapa pengertian agama oleh para pakar. Baca: Ahmad Gholib, Study Islam, Pengantar memahami Agama, Al-Qur’an, Al-Hadis, dan Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Jakarta: Faza Media, 2006), 7. Bandingkan dengan penjelasan yang ada dalam tulisan ini: Aziz, M. (2018, October 18). PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID AL-SYARIAH DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN JAMINAN PRODUK HALAL DI INDONESIA PASCA BERLAKUNYA UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 33 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG JAMINAN PRODUK HALAL. Al Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Keislaman , 7 (2), 78-94. Retrieved from http://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/pantura/index.php/alhikmah/article/view/3284, atau dalam; Sifa’, M., & Aziz, M. (2018, November 25). TELAAH KRITIS PEMIKIRAN HERMENEUTIKA “DOUBLE MOVEMENT” FAZLUR RAHMAN (1919 - 1988). Al Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Keislaman , 8 (1), 112-127. Retrieved from http://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/pantura/index.php/alhikmah/article/view/3314.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 712,
"width": 433,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 Atang Abd. Hakim, Jaih Mubarok, Metodologi Studi Islam , (Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2009), 8",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 723,
"width": 277,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 Atang Abd. Hakim, Jaih Mubarok, Metodologi Studi...................., 8",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 735,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 Atang Abd. Hakim, Jaih Mubarok, Metodologi Studi...................., 9",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 746,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11 Musyrifah Sunanto, Sejarah Islam Klasik Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Islam, (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2003) , 39",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 37,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "167",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 784,
"width": 309,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 456,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagaimana telah dijelaskan sebelumnya studi Islam banyak diminati tidak hanya oleh orang-orang Islam saja, melainkan orang-orang di luar Islam juga memiliki minat besar untuk mengkaji Islam. Dari fakta ini, dapat kita bagi karakteristik studi Islam menjadi dua kelompok, Insider dan Outsider. 12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 129,
"width": 456,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi Islam dari kelompok insider adalah studi Islam yang dilakukan oleh kalangan Islam sendiri. Sebagaimana telah disebutkan sebelumnya bahwa studi Islam oleh kalangan muslim sendiri telah ada sejak dulu. Studi Islam oleh para cendekiawan Muslim klasik lebih bersifat penerusan dan pengulangan karena mereka melakukan kajian dan penelitian lebih banyak mengulang dari yang telah dilakukan oleh guru sebelumnya. Hal ini dapat kita lihat dalam kitab-kitab turats yang berawal dari kitab matan , kemudian dikomentari dalam bentuk syarah , hingga dikembangkan lagi dalam bentuk ta’liq . 13 Sedangkan pada masa modern, studi Islam oleh kelompok insider telah menunjukkan perubahan arah yang cukup signifikan. Para pengkaji Islam dari kalangan Muslim lebih ‘berani’ dalam mengkaji Islam yakni dengan menggunakan wacana studi kritis terhadap Islam. Lihat saja yang dilakukan oleh para pengkaji Islam seperti Fazlur Rahman, Nashr Hamid Abu Zayd, Abed al Jabiri dan masih banyak lagi. Hal ini terjadi salah satu sebabnya ialah banyaknya sarjana Muslim yang merupakan lulusan dari universita-universita Barat. Selain itu, di kalangan kelompok syiah, banyak dikaji dan dikembangkan kajian-kajian tentang filsafat sehingga menghasilkan sarjana-sarjana yang kritis dalam mengkaji Islam. 14",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 336,
"width": 457,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi Islam oleh kalangan outsider diawali dengan mengkaji permasalahan- permasalahan ketimuran ( oriental ) yang didalamnya juga mengkaji tentang Islam. Mereka mengkaji Islam dengan berangkat dari upaya mempertahankan diri atas keyakinan mereka sendiri. Yang terjadi, kajian terhadap agama Islam bersifat kritis dalam berbagai aspeknya. Selain itu, mereka juga memandang bahwa Islam bukan lagi otoritas umat Muslim saja melainkan terbuka bagi kalangan lain untuk mengkajinya baik secara selintas maupun mendalam. 15 Namun dewasa ini, ada beberapa kalangan dari sarjana Barat yang mengkaji Islam secara obyektif. Mereka mengkaji Islam dengan cara memahaminya sebagaimana umaat Islam memahami Islam. Kajian ini dinamakan kajian fenomenologi. Hasilnya, mereka menemukan pemahaman terhadap Islam tanpa adanya penyimpangan. 16 Studi Islam oleh kelompok outsider insyaallah akan lebih lengkap dibahas pada sub bab berikutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 502,
"width": 185,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sejarah Studi Islam di Dunia Barat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 515,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Islam menjadi obyek kajian yang ramai dibicarakan di berbagai penjuru dunia. Jelas saja jika di negara Islam, terdapat kajian Islam secara mendalam di semua lembaga pendidikan. Namun ternyata, studi Islam juga ramai diselenggarakan oleh negara-negara non muslim. Studi Islam di negara-negara non Islam diselenggarakan antara lain oleh India, Amerika, London dan Kanada. Kajian Islam yang diselenggarakan pun berbeda-beda. Ada yang mengkaji Islam sebagai doktrin. Ada pula yang mengkaji kebahasaan dan kebudayaan Islam. Dan banyak yang mengkaji Islam dari sisi sejarah dan sosiologi. 17",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 612,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika ditinjau dari aspek sejarah, Jamali Sahrodi mengelompokkan studi Islam yang dilakukan oleh dunia barat dalam tiga tahapan. Yaitu tahap teologis, tahap politis dan tahap saintifik. 18 Berikut penjelasan detailnya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 677,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12 Jamali Sahrodi, Metodologi Studi Islam , Menelusuri Jejak Historis Kajian Islam ala Sarjana Orientalis , (Bandung, CV. Pustaka Setia, 2008),177",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 700,
"width": 222,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 Jamali Sahrodi, Metodologi Studi......................., 177",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 712,
"width": 241,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14 Jamali Sahrodi, Metodologi Studi......................., 178-182",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 723,
"width": 222,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 Jamali Sahrodi, Metodologi Studi......................., 180",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 735,
"width": 223,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16 Jamali Sahrodi, Metodologi Studi......................., 180",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 746,
"width": 290,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17 Atang Abd. Hakim, Jaih Mubarok, Metodologi Studi...................., 12",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 758,
"width": 217,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18 Jamali Sahrodi, Metodologi Studi......................., 43",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 37,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "168",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 784,
"width": 309,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Tahap Teologis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 87,
"width": 438,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa agama Islam merupakan agama yang yang sangat cepat perkembangannya pada masa awal Islam. Inilah yang kemudian menimbulkan reaksi dari kalangan pemeluk agama lain, termasuk Kristen, sebagai agama yang ada lebih dahulu. Adalah seorang teolog Kristen bernama St. John asal Damaskus pada masa dinasti Umayyah yang mengemban amanat untuk mempelajari Islam baik dari sisi Alquran sebagai sumber utama Islam maupun sumber-sumber lain. Usahanya didukung dengan kemampuannya berbahasa arab dan bahasa Yunani serta keluasan penguasa Islam pada masa itu yang memberi ruang terbuka bagi perdebatan teologis. Hasilnya, St. John menganggap Islam sebagai ‘agama yang mengandung seribu satu ajaran murtad.’ 19 Karakteristik studi Islam yang diwakili oleh St. John nampak masih tetap kuat hingga beberapa abad kemudian. 20",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 239,
"width": 86,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Tahap Politik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 253,
"width": 439,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap politik dimulai pada abad ke-12 ketika usaha studi Islam dilakukan lebih serius dengan tujuan misionaris. Tujuannya ialah, menghadapi peradaban Islam dengan cara penerjemahan Alquran dan teks-teks Muslim lainnya. Disebabkan oleh kuatnya pengaruh studi Islam pada masa awal, tahapan ini juga masih diwarnai dengan unsur teologis berupa mempertahankan keyakinan Kristen. Di antara tokoh-tokohnya adalah Peter the Venerable (1094-1156). Ia menerjemahkan teks-teks Alquran, hadis, sirah Nabi dan manuskrip-manuskrip lain. Termasuk tokoh dalam tahap ini ialah St. Thomas Aquinas yang menganggap Islam sebagai ajaran kafir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 363,
"width": 439,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahapan ini, Islam dikaji lebih serius. Tidak hanya hal-hal yang bersifat teologis, pada tahapan ini juga banyak dikaji karya-karya sains Islam yang ditelurkan oleh ilmuwan-ilmuwan Muslim. Di antara karya-karya ilmuwan Islam yang banyak dikaji dunia Barat saat itu antara lain karya Ibnu Sina Al Qanun fi At-Tibb misalnya, menjadi rujukan paling penting ilmu kedokteran di Eropa selama lebih dari tiga abad. Begitu juga buku penting Ibn Rusyd, Fasl Al Maqal , menjadi rujukan kaum tercerahkan di Eropa, untuk menghadapi dominasi gereja. Bahkan Ibnu Rusyd diakui sebagai komentator pemikiran Aristoteles yang paling menyeluruh melalui karya beliau Tahafut al-Tahafut. Kemudian pada abad ke-16, studi Islam diwarnai oleh situasi politik yang sangat kompleks yaitu ketika terjadi gerakan Reformasi Eropa. Di antaranya pertentangan antara Kristen Katholik dan Protestan. Studi terhadap Islam saat itu dijadikan sebagai perantara dan argumen untuk saling menyalahkan di antara mereka sendiri. Sebagai contoh seorang tokoh Protestan bernama Mathew Sutcliff menggunakan Islam sebagai titik perbandingan untuk menyerang Katholik. Sebaliknya Humphrey Prideaux, seorang sarjana bahasa Arab di Inggris membela ajaran Katholik dengan jalan memperbandingkannya dengan Islam.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 619,
"width": 456,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "19 Dalam bukunya The Fount Of Knowledge , St. John menyatakan: “Islam agama yang mengandung seribu satu ajaran murtad. Ia (Islam) sejalan dengan Kristen dalam hal kepercayaan kepada Tuhan Yang Esa, tidak diciptakan dan abadi, yang membuat semua hal konkrit (visible) dan abstrak (Invisible). Akan tetapi, Ia menolak ajaran Kristen tertentu yang esensial: bahwa Yesus bersifat suci dan bahwa Ia disalib... Di sisi lain, Islam menyatakan ajaran-ajaran yang tidak bisa diterima oleh Kristen: bahwa Muhammad adalah Nabi dan inti dari para Nabi, dan bahwa Alquran adalah kalam Tuhan yang diturunkan kepadanya (Muhammad) dari langit.” Dikutip oleh Jamali Sahrodi dalam Metodologi Studi Islam............................., 44. Bandingkan tentang hal tersebut dalam ulasan ini: Lihat, Sholikah. 2015. Marâji`: Jurnal Ilmu Keislaman 2 (1), 117-43. Accessed April 27, 2019. http://maraji.kopertais4.or.id/index.php/maraji/article/view/40, atau dalam: Sholikah, S. (2017, October 26). RELEVANSI KOMPETENSI PENDIDIK MENURUT K.H. HASYIM ASY’ARI DENGAN UU SISDIKNAS TAHUN 2003, dalam Al Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Keislaman , 7 (1). Retrieved from http://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/pantura/index.php/alhikmah/article/view/3091.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 758,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20 Jamali Sahrodi dalam Metodologi Studi Islam............................., 44",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 37,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "169",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 784,
"width": 309,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 74,
"width": 438,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dan pada abad ke-18, studi Islam di Barat diwarnai dengan upaya berbentuk polemik teologis sebagai reaksi Kristen terhadap pesatnya perkembangan agama Islam ketika itu. 21",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 101,
"width": 95,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Tahap Saintifik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 115,
"width": 439,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi Islam tahap saintifik dimulai pada abad ke-19, yaitu ketika sikap kalangan Kristen dalam studi Islam mulai dihubung-hubungkan dengan kesesuaian agama Islam terhadap fenomena sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat. 22 Ketika itu, kekuasaan Islam mengalami penurunan drastis. Hampir seluruh kekuasaan Bani Utsmaniyyah berada dalam kontrol kolonialisme bangsa-bangsa Barat. 23 Studi Islam pada masa itu diwujudkan dalam bentuk kajian masalah-masalah ketimuran ( oriental studies ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 198,
"width": 438,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada awal-awal abad ke-20, mulai dimunculkan kajian keIslaman baru yaitu berupa kajian kawasan ( area studies ) khususnya kawasan Timur Tengah. Kajian keislaman pada masa ini tidak lagi dominan mengangkat tentang tema kontroversi teologis yang terlalu berlebihan. Yang paling penting bagi Barat ialah, kajian keislaman harus dapat memberi arti penting bagi kepentingan politik Barat atas bangsa-bangsa Islam. Contoh nyata adalah yang telah dilakukan oleh salah seorang orientalis bernama Snouck Hurgronje yang memperhatikan kasus Islam di Indonesia. 24 Snouck menggabungkan studi bahasa Arab dan Islam dengan tekanan khusus kepada hukum islam di satu pihak dengan perhatiannya kepada Islam kontemporer di Indonesia, atau dalam arti luas, linguistik dan antropologi Hindia Belanda dan bahkan politik kolonialisme. Snouck melakukan observasi langsung tentang Islam dengan mengelilingi pulau jawa. Hasilnya, Snouck menyatakan bahwa Islam di Indonesia adalah sebagaimana Hindia Belanda sebagai Imperium Kolonial yang harus dipelajari dan digarao sungguh-sungguh. Snouck juga melatih generasi setelahnya yang terdiri dari para mahasiswa untuk melanjutkan studi keislamannya kelak jika ia wafat. 25",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 405,
"width": 439,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dan pada era modern seperti sekarang ini, kita mendapati dunia akademi barat lebih terbuka pada cabang-cabang keilmuan yang lain. Tidak hanya filsafat dan sains, tetapi juga cabang-cabang ilmu keislaman, seperti Alquran, hadis, fiqh, dan sejarah islam. Hal ini merupakan a respons dari semakin meningkatnya kajian arkeologis, antropologis, historis, dan sosiologis di Eropa. Dalam hal ini, A. Qodri Azizy mengamati bahwa para sarjana Barat yang melakukan kajian Islam semata-mata dengan pertimbangan akademik, mereka menempatkan Islam murni sebagai obyek studi. Sama seperti halnya mereka mengkaji agama lain. Islam oleh para sarjana Barat yang termasuk golongan tersebut memandang Islam tidak hanya sebagai agama dengan pengertian sempit, namun juga meliputi peradabannya. A. Qodri Azizy juga menambahkan bahwa kajian Islam di Barat lebih cenderung pada analisis realitas baik yang berkaitan dengan keilmuan maupun berkaitan dengan masyarakat pemeluk Islam. 26",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 584,
"width": 241,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kondisi Studi Islam di Dunia Akademik Barat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 598,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi tentang keislaman di Barat sebenarnya berangkat dari paradigma berpikir bahwa islam adalah agama yang bisa diteliti dari sudut mana saja dandengan kebebasan sedemikian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 642,
"width": 296,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21 Jamali Sahrodi dalam Metodologi Studi Islam............................., 45-48",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 653,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22 Jamali Sahrodi dalam Metodologi Studi Islam............................., 49",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 665,
"width": 278,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "23 Musyrifah Sunanto, Sejarah Islam Klasik ..............................., 247",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 676,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "24 Jamali Sahrodi dalam Metodologi Studi Islam............................., 54",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 688,
"width": 456,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "25 Mukti Ali, Ilmu Perbandingan Agama di Indonesia, (Bandung: Mizan, Cet 10, 1998), 30. Bandingkan dengan keterangan lainya, Sholikah. 2015. Marâji`: Jurnal Ilmu Keislaman 2 (1), 117-43. Accessed April 27, 2019. http://maraji.kopertais4.or.id/index.php/maraji/article/view/40, 127. atau; Sholikah, S. (2017, October 26). RELEVANSI KOMPETENSI PENDIDIK MENURUT K.H. HASYIM ASY’ARI DENGAN UU SISDIKNAS TAHUN 2003, dalam Al Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Keislaman , 7 (1). Retrieved from http://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/pantura/index.php/alhikmah/article/view/3091, 82",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 758,
"width": 417,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "26 A. Qodri Azizy, Pengembangan Ilmu-Ilmu Keagamaan, (Semarang: Aneka Ilmu, Cet 2, 2004), 43-44",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 37,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "170",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 784,
"width": 309,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 456,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "rupa. Tidak mengherankan kalau mereka begitu bebasnya menilai, mengkritik bahkan melucuti ajaran-ajaran dasar Islam yang bagi kaum muslim tabu unuk dipermasalahkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 101,
"width": 456,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kondisi studi Islam di dunia akademik Barat dapat diketahui dengan banyaknya bermunculan pusat-pusat kajian keislaman di Eropa dan Amerikan Serikat. Berikut ini uraian singkat mengenai beberapa pusat kajian keagamaan yang telah diupayakan oleh berbagai kalangan sarjana Barat yang berkonsentrasi pada kajian keislaman:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 156,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pusat Kajian Keislaman di Kanada",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 170,
"width": 439,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kajian islam di kanada pertama kali dilakukan di McGill Univrsity dengan tokoh utamanya Wilfred Cantwel Smith. Gagasan utama dibukanya kajian ini adalah banyaknya konflik yang ditimbulkan oleh isu agama. Hal ini menggugah Smith untuk membuka pusat kajian agar para sarjana barat tahu secara benar tentang islam dan sekaligus untuk mengurangi adanya kesalahpahaman di antara mereka. Kemudian pusat kajian ini berkembang menjadi sebuah departemen yang menjadi bagian dari McGill University. Demi meningkatkan kualitas kajian Islam, departemen ini mengundang para pakar dari berbagai universitas di negara-negara Islam. Dari Indonesia, yang pernah menjadi tenaga pengajar di departemen ini adalah Prof. Dr. Nur Cholis Madjid (alm) dan Prof. A. Syafi’i Ma’arif. 27 Di Kanada, studi Islam bertujuan: pertama, menekuni kajian budaya dan peradaban islam dari zaman Nabi Muhammad SAW, hingga masa kontemporer. Kedua, memahami ajaran islam dan masyarakat muslim di seluruh dunia. Ketiga, mempelajari beberapa bahasa muslim. Salah satu alumni Universitas ini yang kini eksis sebagai akademisi di Indonesia adalah Dr. Affandi Mochtar, MA.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 363,
"width": 140,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Kajian Islam di Amerika",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 377,
"width": 439,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di Amerika, studi-studi Islam pada umumnya memang menekankan pada studi sejarah Islam, bahasa-bahasa Islam selain bahasa arab, sastra dan ilmu-ilmu sosial,berada dipusat studi Timur Tengah atau Timur dekat. 28 Kajian Islam telah lama menjadi sebuah kebutuhan di lembaga-lembaga perguruan tinggi di Amerika Serikat. Salah satu penggagas kajian Islam di Amerika Serikat ialah Prof. Mahmud Ayyub. Beliau menggagas kajian Islam di Temple University. Salah seorang mahasiswa Indonesia yang pernah beliau rekomendasikan untuk belajar di universitas ini ialah Alwi Shihab. Alwi Shihab seusai pendidikannya di sana, sempat menjadi anggota peneliti Harvort Seminary dalam beberapa tahun. 29",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 501,
"width": 438,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain di Temple University, studi Islam juga banyak ditemukan di lembaga- lembaga lain. Di UCLA (University of California Los Angles) studi Islam dibagi kepada komponen-komponen. Pertama, mengenai doktrin agama Islam, termasuk sejarah pemikiran Islam. Kedua, bahasa arab termasuk teks-teks klasik mengenai sejarah, hukum dan lain-lain. Ketiga, bahasa-bahasa non arab yang muslaim, sperti Turki, Urdu, Persia, dan sebagainya. Sebagai bahasa yang dianggap telah ikut melahirkan kebudayaan Islam. Kempat, ilmu-ilmu sosial, sejarah, bahasa arab, sosiologi dan semacamnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 598,
"width": 137,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Kajian Islam di Belanda",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 612,
"width": 438,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Islam, dan khususnya bahasa Arab, telah menjadi obyek studi di universitas- universitas Belanda. Universitas Leiden, karena di kemudian hari Universitas ini menjadi pusat studi tentang Islam di Indonesia. Lebih dari itu, perpustakaan Leiden dan koleksi manuskrip masih terus berlangsung yang sangat penting untuk studi tentang sejarah dan ciri-ciri khusus Islam Indonesia hingga dewasa ini. Namun demikian, studi bahasa Arab di Leiden bukanlah merupakan masalah “murni akademis”. Selanjutnya ia menambahkan tiga motif untuk mempelajari bahasa Arab, yaitu (1) untuk penyiaran agama Kristen di daerah-daerah Islam, (2) untuk mempelajari ilmu kedokteran, dan (3) sebagai pembantu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 735,
"width": 287,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "27 Jamali Sahrodi dalam Metodologi Studi Islam............................., 172",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 746,
"width": 284,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "28 Atang Abd. Hakim, Jaih Mubarok, Metodologi Studi...................., 12",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 758,
"width": 287,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "29 Jamali Sahrodi dalam Metodologi Studi Islam............................., 173",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 37,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "171",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 784,
"width": 309,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 72,
"width": 439,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "untuk studi linguistik, khususnya bahasa Ibrani. 30 Universitas Leiden bekerja sama dengan Departemen Agama RI telah banyak menghasilkan penelitian –penelitian tentang keislaman di Nusantara. 31",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 115,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Kajian Islam di Jerman",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 129,
"width": 438,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di Jerman, hingga hari ini, kajian-kajian tentang.... merupakan inti dari studi Islam yang dipelajari. Dan di dunia akademik, lebih dikenal dengan ‘Seminar Orientalis’. Sebagaimana studi ketimuran pada umumnya, studi Islam berdiri terlepas dari kungkungan teologi serta tidak terpengaruh oleh polemik dan apologi. Studi Islam di Universitas Jerman berada di bawah fakultas Seni atau di bawah sub bagiaannya (jurusan- jurusan) misalnya, studi budaya sebagaimana yang ada di Swedia dan Belanda. Di antara tokoh-tokoh studi Islam di Jerman adalah Theodor Noldeke, Julius Wellhausen dan Ignaz Goldziher yang masing-masing dikenal karena penelitian mereka tentang Alquran, awal sejarah Islam dan perkembangan internal agama dan budaya Islam. 32",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 253,
"width": 135,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Kajian Islam di London",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 267,
"width": 438,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di London, studi Islam digabungkan dalam school of oriental and african studies, fakultas mengenai studi ketimuran dan afrika, yang memiliki berbagai jurusan bahasa dan kebudayaan asia dan afrika. Salah satu progrm studi didalamnya adalah program MA tentang masyarakat dan budaya Islam yang dapat dilanjutkan kejenjeng doktor. 33",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 322,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Kajian Islam di Chicago University",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 336,
"width": 438,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maraknya kajian Islam di perguruan tinggi di Amerika Serikat merupakan faktor pendorong bagi Chicago University untuk membuka pusat kajian Islam. Salah satu tokoh cendekiawan Muslim yang sangat dikenal di universitas ini ialah Fazlur rahman, guru besar asal Pakistan. Banyak mahasiswa Indonesia yang mengenyam pendidikan di universitas ini. Di antaranya, Nur Cholis Madjid, A. Syafi’i Ma’arif dan Mulyadi Kertanegara. 34",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 433,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 446,
"width": 457,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari pemaparan mengenai studi Islam di dunia akademik Barat yang telah disebutkan dalam bab sebelumnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) Studi Islam ialah suatu upaya untuk mengetahui dan memahami serta membahas secara mendalam tentang seluk beluk atau hal- hal yang berhubungan dengan agama Islam dari berbagai aspeknya. Dengan diadakannya studi Islam, diharapkan mampu memperbaiki pemahaman dan penghayatan keislaman masyarakat Muslim dimana saja berada; (2) Studi Islam jika dilihat dari perspektif pengkajinya, dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua, insider dan outsider. Studi Islam oleh orang Islam sendiri pada masa klasik cenderung menggunakan pola berkelanjutan dari generasi ke generasi. Pola tersebut mengalami pergeseran pada masa kini yaitu cenderung ke pola kritis. Sedangkan perspektif outsider, studi Islam bersifat kritis dalam berbagai aspeknya sebab didasari dengan sikap mempertahankan diri atas keyakinan yang telah mereka yakini selama ini; (3) Sejarah studi Islam di dunia akademik Barat telah ada sejak lama. Sejarah yang panjang tersebut diperiodesasikan menjadi tiga sesuai dengan tujuan dan kandungan yang ada pada studi Islam. Tiga tahapan tersebut antara lain: tahap teologis, tahap politis dan tahap saintifik; (4) Kondisi studi Islam di dunia akademik Barat dapat dilihat dari maraknya pusat- pusat kajian Islam di berbagai negara baik di Amerika maupun Eropa. Pusat kajian Islam banyak bermunculan di Amerika Serikat, Chicago, Belanda, Jerman, London dan lain sebagainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 712,
"width": 274,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "30 Mukti Ali, Ilmu Perbandingan ................................................., 28",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 723,
"width": 287,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "31 Jamali Sahrodi dalam Metodologi Studi Islam............................., 173",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 735,
"width": 287,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "32 Jamali Sahrodi dalam Metodologi Studi Islam............................., 175",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 746,
"width": 284,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "33 Atang Abd. Hakim, Jaih Mubarok, Metodologi Studi...................., 12",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 758,
"width": 285,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "34 Jamali Sahrodi dalam Metodologi Studi Islam............................., 174",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 37,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "172",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 784,
"width": 309,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 8, Nomor 2, September 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 457,
"height": 231,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan Islam sebagai suatu obyek kajian merupakan sebuah tuntutan dari perkembangan zaman. Jika tidak ada studi tentang keislaman, dimungkinkan agama ini akan hilang, tergerus oleh pesatnya perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Disitulah letak pentingnya studi Islam disamping sebagai upaya untuk mengembalikan fungsi awal mula Islam selaku kumpulan norma yang mampu memperbaiki kualitas kehidupan manusia. Keberadaan Studi Islam di Barat memang telah ada sejak lama. Terlepas dari fakta sejarah yang telah disebutkan tentang latar belakang studi Islam di Barat, keberadaan studi Islam haruslah serupa dengan disiplin ilmu lain. Artinya, jika ilmu lain dikaji dan ditelaah secara obyektif, maka begitu pula dengan Islam. Apalagi dengan keunggulan metodologi yang dimiliki oleh dunia Barat. Harusnya lebih bisa membawa kajian Islam pada area netral tanpa kepentingan baik politis maupun teologis. Namun semata karena kepentingan ilmiah. Jika Islam dikaji dan ditelaah secara ilmiah, serta didukung dengan penguasaan pengetahuan keislaman yang mendalam, maka luaran yang dihasilkan insyaallah akan sesuai dengan tujuan awal studi Islam diselenggarakan yakni untuk memperbaiki pengetahuan dan pengamalan umat Islam terhadap agamanya sendiri. Bahkan lebih dari itu, tidak akan muncul pemahaman tentang Islam secara bias sehingga dapat meningkatkan rasa toleransi antara umat Islam dengan umat agama lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 322,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daftar Rujukan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 336,
"width": 453,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A Qodri Azizy (2004), Pengembangan Ilmu-Ilmu Keagamaan, Semarang: Aneka Ilmu, Cet 2 Abudin Nata (2008), Metodologi Studi Islam, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada Ahmad Gholib (2006), Study Islam, Pengantar Memahami Agama, Al-Qur’an, Al-Hadis, dan Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Jakarta: Faza Media; Amin Abdullah (2011), Studi Agama Normativitas atau Historisitas, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2011, Cet 5;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 419,
"width": 433,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Atang Abd. Hakim, Jaih Mubarok (2009), Metodologi Studi Islam , Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 446,
"width": 431,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Departemen Pendidikan Nasional (2008), Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia , Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 474,
"width": 447,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jamali Sahrodi (2008), Metodologi Studi Islam , Menelusuri Jejak Historis Kajian Islam ala Sarjana Orientalis , Bandung, CV. Pustaka Setia; Muhaimin, et al (2007), Kawasan Dan Wawasan Studi Islam, Jakarta: Pranata Media, Cet 2; Mukti Ali (1998), Ilmu Perbandingan Agama di Indonesia, Bandung: Mizan, Cet 10; Musyrifah Sunanto (2003) , Sejarah Islam Klasik Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Islam, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
5b03dccb-183f-ddc0-7b1a-1e8d715692d0 | https://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/JSPsi/article/download/487/567 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 273,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 Jurnal Sains Psikologi , Jilid 6, Nomor 1, Maret 2017, hlm 9-15",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 88,
"width": 383,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SEMANGAT KEBANGSAAN DAN CINTA TANAH AIR PADA SEKOLAH BERLATAR BELAKANG ISLAM DI KOTA PASURUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 142,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aji Bagus Priyambodo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 160,
"width": 343,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Pendidikan Psikologi, Universitas Negeri Malang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 178,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 201,
"width": 38,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 215,
"width": 371,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Semakin berkembangnya radikalisme beragama di tengah masyarakat menjadi ancaman bagi kesatuan bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu upaya strategis menangkal radikalisme beragama di Indonesia adalah melalui program pendidikan karakter di sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi pendidikan karakter semangat kebangsaan dan cinta tanah air di sekolah berlatar belakang islam di Kota Pasuruan. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif termasuk dalam jenis penelitian studi kasus. Subyek penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, para guru dan para siswa di beberapa sekolah berlatar belakang islam di Kota Pasuruan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terdapat komitmen pada ketiga pimpinan sekolah yang berlatar belakang Islam di Kota Pasuruan untuk melaksanakan pendidikan karakter semangat kebangsaan dan cinta tanah air namun penyediaan sarana prasarana yang menunjang masih minim, evaluasi dan tindak lanjut keberhasilan pendidikan karakter juga masih belum dilaksanakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 364,
"width": 289,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: pendidikan karakter, semangat kebangsaan, cinta tanah air",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 392,
"width": 197,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan pada dasarnya adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia serta keterampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan Negara (Ormrod, 2008). Menurut Ki Hajar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 511,
"width": 197,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewantoro (dalam Indrakusuma, 1973)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 524,
"width": 198,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pendidikan adalah daya upaya untuk memajukan bertumbuhnya budi pekerti (kekuatan batin dan karakter), pikiran ( intellect ) dan tubuh anak. Bagian – bagian itu tidak boleh dipisahkan agar kita dapat memajukan kesempurnaan hidup anak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 603,
"width": 200,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Tim Dosen KTP FIP IKIP Malang (1996), pendidikan nasional adalah pendidikan yang berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, yang berakar pada nilai- nilai agama, kebudayaan nasional Indonesia dan tanggap terhadap tuntutan perubahan zaman. Pendidikan nasional berfungsi mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk watak serta peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 392,
"width": 197,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan nasional bertujuan untuk berkembangnya potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri dan menjadi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab (Danim, 2006).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 484,
"width": 198,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Pedoman Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Karakter (Kemdikbud, 2011)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 511,
"width": 200,
"height": 194,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pendidikan karakter merupakan pendidikan nilai, pendidikan budi pekerti, pendidikan moral, pendidikan watak yang bertujuan mengembangkan kemampuan peserta didik untuk memberi keputusan baik buruk, memelihara apa yang baik dan mewujudkan kebaikan itu dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dengan sepenuh hati. Pada intinya pendidikan karakter bertujuan membentuk bangsa yang tangguh, kompetitif, berakhlak mulia, bermoral, bertoleran, bergotong royong, berjiwa patriotik, berkembang dinamis, berorientasi ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang semuanya dijiwai oleh iman dan takwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa berdasarkan Pancasila.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 709,
"width": 169,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan karakter berfungsi: 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 722,
"width": 197,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengembangkan potensi dasar agar berhati baik, berpikiran baik dan berprilaku baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 48,
"width": 376,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aji Bagus Priyambodo, Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Semangat Kebangsaan Dan … 10",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.Memperkuat dan membangun prilaku bangsa yang multikultur (memperkuat perilaku yang sudah baik). 3.Meningkatkan peradaban bangsa yang kompetitif dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 127,
"width": 200,
"height": 207,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pergaulan dunia.(penyaring budaya yang kurang sesuai dg nilai – nilai luhur Pancasila). Pembangunan karakter dilakukan dengan pendekatan sistematik dan integratif dengan melibatkan keluarga, satuan pendidikan, pemerintah, masyarakat sipil, anggota legislatif, media massa, dunia usaha dan dunia industri sehingga satuan pendidikan adalah komponen yang penting dalam pembangunan karakter yang berjalan secara sistemik dan integratif bersama dengan komponen lainnya. Dalam rangka mewujudkan fungsi tersebut, perlu diimplementasikan nilai karakter semangat kebangsaan dan cinta tanah air (Kemdikbud, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 339,
"width": 197,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai nilai pendidikan karakter di Indonesia teridentifikasi berjumlah 18 nilai, yang bersumber dari agama, Pancasila, budaya dan tujuan pendidikan nasional yaitu: 1. Religius, 2. Jujur, 3.Toleransi, 4. Disiplin, 5.Kerja keras, 6. Kreatif, 7. Mandiri, 8. Demokratis, 9. Rasa Ingin Tahu, 10. Semangat kebangsaan, 11. Cinta tanah air, 12. Menghargai prestasi, 13. Bersahabat/komunikatif, 14. Cinta damai, 15.Gemar membaca, 16. Peduli lingkungan, 17. Peduli sosial dan 18. Tanggung jawab (Kemdikbud, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 497,
"width": 197,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Semakin berkembangnya radikalisme beragama di tengah masyarakat menjadi ancaman bagi kesatuan bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu upaya strategis menangkal radikalisme beragama di Indonesia adalah melalui program pendidikan karakter semangat kebangsaan dan cinta tanah air di sekolah berlatar belakang islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 615,
"width": 112,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 629,
"width": 198,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif termasuk dalam jenis penelitian studi kasus. Subyek penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, para guru dan para siswa di beberapa sekolah berlatar belakang islam di Kota Pasuruan, antara lain: SD Islam Terpadu Bina Insan Cendekia, SMP Islam Terpadu Fasihul Qur ’ an dan SMK Bayt Al Hikmah Kota Pasuruan. Alat pengumpul data adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 87,
"width": 198,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dokumen. Analisis data dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah reduksi data, kategorisasi, cek keabsahan data, penafsiran dan penyimpulan. Untuk pengecekan keabsahan data dengan menggunakan trianggulasi sumber dan trianggulasi teknik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 167,
"width": 198,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, para guru dan siswa di tiga sekolah berlatar belakang islam di Kota Pasuruan. Dalam penelitian ini subjek dipilih secara selektif agar dapat menggambarkan pokok bahasan yang diteliti. Berdasarkan karakteristik yang ada, maka diperoleh dua belas orang subyek penelitian, yang meliputi dua orang kepala sekolah, lima orang guru dan lima orang siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 299,
"width": 198,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik - teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 339,
"width": 197,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini jenis wawancara yang dilakukan adalah wawancara mendalam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 365,
"width": 197,
"height": 194,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wawancara mendalam berusaha mengumpulkan informasi berupa opini, perasaan, nilai dan sikap dari subyek penelitian. Wawancara ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara (protokol wawancara), yaitu petunjuk secara garis besar tentang proses dan isi wawancara untuk menjaga agar pokok – pokok yang direncanakan dapat tercakup seluruhnya. Adapun jenis wawancara yang dilakukan pada subjek adalah wawancara semi terstruktur. Tujuan dari wawancara jenis ini adalah untuk menemukan permasalahan secara lebih terbuka, dimana pihak yang diajak wawancara dimintai pendapat dan ide – ide nya (Sugiyono, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 563,
"width": 198,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam observasi dalam penelitian ini, peneliti terlibat dengan kegiatan sehari – hari orang yang sedang diamati atau yang digunakan sebagai sumber data penelitian. Dengan observasi partisipatif ini, maka data yang diperoleh akan lebih lengkap, tajam dan sampai mengetahui pada tingkat makna dari setiap perilaku yang nampak (Neuman, 1999). Adapun jenis partisipasi yang dilakukan adalah partisipasi aktif, dimana peneliti datang di tempat kegiatan subyek yang diamati, tetapi tidak ikut terlibat dalam kegiatan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 722,
"width": 198,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dokumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dokumen resmi dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 278,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11 Jurnal Sains Psikologi , Jilid 6, Nomor 1, Maret 2017, hlm 9-15",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dokumen pribadi. Dokumen resmi berupa arsip atau surat yang dikeluarkan oleh lembaga, sedangkan dokumen pribadi yaitu catatan atau keterangan seseorang tentang tindakan, pengalaman dan kepercayaannya (Zainudin, 2000).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 167,
"width": 197,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Beberapa tahapan-tahapan penelitian kualitatif yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini antara lain tahap pra lapangan, tahap pekerjaan lapangan dan tahap analisis data. Dalam tahap pra lapangan, ada enam tahap kegiatan yang harus dilakukan oleh peneliti dalam tahapan ini ditambah dengan satu pertimbangan yang perlu dipahami, yaitu etika penelitian lapangan. Enam tahapan tersebut adalah 1) Menyusun rancangan penelitian, 2) Memilih lapangan penelitian, 3) Mengurus perizinan, 4) Menjajaki dan menilai lapangan, 5) Memilih dan memanfaatkan informan, 6) Menyiapkan perlengkapan penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 352,
"width": 198,
"height": 247,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahap pekerjaan lapangan, dibagi atas tiga bagian yaitu: 1) Memahami latar penelitian, dan persiapan diri. Dalam hal ini, pokok-pokok yang harus diperhatikan adalah; a. Pembatasan latar dan peneliti, b. Penampilan, c. Pengenalan hubungan peneliti di lapangan, dan d. Jumlah waktu studi. 2) Memasuki lapangan, ketika memasuki lapangan maka hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah; a. Keakraban hubungan, b. Mempelajari bahasa, c. Peranan peneliti sebagai pengumpul informasi. Yang terakhir adalah 3) Berperan serta sambil mengumpulkan data, dalam bagian ini hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah; a. Pengarahan batas studi, b. Mencatat data, c. Petunjuk tentang cara mengingat data, d. Kejenuhan, ketelitian dan istirahat, e. Meneliti suatu latar yang didalamnya terdapat pertentangan dan f. Analisis lapangan (Nasir, 1999).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 603,
"width": 198,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan proses induksi, reduksi dan kategorisasi. Tahap induksi, dalam hal ini maksudnya adalah ketika peneliti mengumpulkan dan menyajikan tumpukan data pada tahap awal. Peneliti menyajikan data berupa kutipan langsung dari pandangan subyek dalam bahasa atau kalimat subyek yang bersangkutan. Tahap reduksi data, maksudnya adalah membuang data-data dari hasil wawancara dan observasi yang tidak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 87,
"width": 198,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mempunyai makna apapun, memilih yang penting sehubungan dengan penelitian dan mengumpulkan yang punya makna. Tahap kategorisasi, maksudnya adalah menyusun kategori dengan cara memilah-milah setiap satuan data ke dalam kelompok – kelompok data yang memiliki kesamaan. Langkah selanjutnya adalah membaca kembali hasil analisis data secara umum untuk mendapatkan sebuah kesimpulan (Sugiyono, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 220,
"width": 198,
"height": 207,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah trianggulasi sumber dan trianggulasi teknik. Trianggulasi sumber adalah pengecekan keabsahan data dengan cara mengecek data yang telah diperoleh melalui beberapa sumber. Sumber yang digunakan sebagai trianggulasi sumber dalam penelitian ini adalah a) karyawan sekolah, b) guru ekstrakulikuler dan c) orang tua siswa. Trianggulasi teknik adalah pengecekan keabsahan data dengan cara mengecek data kepada sumber yang sama dengan teknik yang berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini teknik yang digunakan sebagai trianggulasi adalah teknik wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen yang dilakukan pada subyek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 443,
"width": 131,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Hasil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 469,
"width": 198,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sekolah berlatar belakang islam di Kota Pasuruan yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah sekolah yang mengedepankan penanaman nilai-nilai islam pada anak didiknya, contohnya: baca, tulis dan pemahaman Al- Quran, penerapan amalan ibadah wajib dan sunnah serta penerapan adab islami dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Seperti pada umumnya sekolah islam, SD Islam Terpadu Bina Insan Cendekia, SMP Islam Terpadu Fasihul Quran dan SMK Bayt Al Hikmah Kota Pasuruan juga memiliki kebijakan tersendiri mengenai proses pembelajaran yang diberikan kepada anak-anak didiknya, baik pelajaran formal maupun yang bersifat nonformal, terkait dalam penanaman nilai-nilai keislaman di dalamnya. Namun demikian sebagai sekolah yang berada di bawah naungan Dinas Pendidikan, mereka harus mengikuti dan melaksanakan aturan-aturan Dinas Pendidikan setempat dalam hal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 733,
"width": 197,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pendidikan siswa-siswinya baik secara formal maupun non formal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 48,
"width": 376,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aji Bagus Priyambodo, Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Semangat Kebangsaan Dan … 12",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga sekolah berlatar belakang islam di Kota Pasuruan ini memberikan karakter islami yang lebih kental dibandingkan dengan sekolah- sekolah reguler lainnya, namun mereka tidak melupakan penanaman karakter-karakter lain yang mengacu pada kecintaannya kepada Negara Indonesia sehingga akan menumbuhkan semangat berkebangsaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 193,
"width": 198,
"height": 379,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penanaman karakter kebangsaan pada para siswa salah satunya diberikan melalui mata pelajaran umum dan muatan lokal (mulok) di sekolah. Buku-buku mata pelajaran umum dan mulok di sana menggunakan buku yang sama dengan sekolah-sekolah negeri di Kota Pasuruan, hanya saja penyampaian materi palajaran tersebut dikaitkan dengan nilai-nilai keislaman. Misalnya saja pada pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn), siswa- siswi SDIT Bina Insan Cendekia diperkenalkan lambang Negara Indonesia serta wajib menghafalkan isi dari Pancasila. Selain itu juga pada pelajaran tersebut ditanamkan nilai-nilai semangat kebangsaan yang diambil dari keteladanan para pahlawan melalui kisah-kisah perjuangannya. Dari sisi keislaman yang bisa dimunculkan adalah kisah para pahlawan muslim yang ikut berperang melawan penjajah demi kemerdekaan Indonesia. Siswa-siswi di SMPIT Fasihul Quran juga diwajibkan menghafal lagu-lagu nasional sebagai bagian dari program pembelajaran karakter. Lagu-lagu nasional juga diberikan pada mata pelajaran SBK (Seni Budaya dan Kesenian). Dengan mengenal kisah-kisah dan lagu-lagu nasional, diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan rasa kecintaan siswa-siswi di sekolah-sekolah tersebut terhadap tanah air Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 577,
"width": 198,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain karakter kecintaan terhadap tanah air Indonesia, sekolah berlatar belakang islam di Kota Pasuruan juga menanamkan karakter semangat kebangsaan kepada siswa-siswinya, salah satunya adalah kegiatan rutin upacara bendera yang dilaksanakan setiap hari Senin. Di ketiga sekolah tersebut, setiap peserta didik diwajibkan mengikuti upacara bendera setiap hari Senin kecuali terdapat izin berhalangan yang dapat dibenarkan ( udzur syar ’ i ) seperti sakit atau tidak masuk sekolah karena suatu kepentingan keluarga, dan udzur syar ’ i lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Petugas pengibar bendera dilaksanakan oleh para siswa secara bergantian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 114,
"width": 198,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain upacara bendera setiap hari Senin, di sekolah berlatar belakang islam di Kota Pasuruan juga melaksanakan upacara pada hari besar nasional seperti Hari Pendidikan dan Hari Kemerdekaan Indonesia tanggal 17 Agustus. Selain upacara bendera, para siswa di SDIT Bina Insan Cendekia dan SMK Bayt Al Hikmah juga mengikuti serangkaian kegiatan peringatan Hari Kemerdekaan Indonesia seperti sepeda hias, karnaval mobil hias, lomba baris, gerak jalan dan kegiatan lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 259,
"width": 198,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga sekolah berlatar belakang islam di Kota Pasuruan juga telah memfasilitasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 286,
"width": 198,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "implementasi pendidikan karakter semangat kebangsaan melalui kegiatan ekstrakulikuler yang terkait, seperti Pramuka, OSIS dan pemilihan Duta Karakter. Kegiatan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 339,
"width": 198,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ekstrakulikuler Pramuka berjalan dengan baik di ketiga sekolah tersebut. Setiap hari Sabtu para siswa diwajibkan untuk mengikuti kegiatan Pramuka di sekolah, meliputi pemahaman materi kepramukaan, baris-berbaris, tata apel dan upacara serta dinamika kelompok. Dalam kegiatan Pramuka ini, para siswa diajarkan tentang cinta tanah air dan nasionalisme, yang ini merupakan salah satu poin penting dalam Dasa Dharma Pramuka. Di SDIT Bina Insan Cendekia dan SMPIT Fasihul Quran terdapat program Pemilihan Duta Karakter Sekolah. Dalam program ini, sekolah menetapkan kriteria perilaku yang merupakan bentuk implementasi karakter positif yang wajib dijalankan oleh semua siswa. Semangat kebangsaan atau nasionalisme juga merupakan salah satu karakter yang diimplementasikan. Pelaksanaan perilaku-perilaku tersebut dievaluasi secara berkelanjutan kemudian di akhir semester akan dipilih beberapa siswa yang terbaik dalam mengimplemntasikan karakternya dan dinobatkan sebagai Duta Karakter Sekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 643,
"width": 198,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Namun kendati demikian, penyediaan sarana prasarana yang menunjang masih sangat minim, evaluasi dan tindak lanjut keberhasilan pendidikan karakter juga masih belum dilaksanakan. Hal ini menyebabkan nilai-nilai semangat kebangsaan dan cinta tanah air masih belum membudaya di sekolah-sekolah tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 278,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 Jurnal Sains Psikologi , Jilid 6, Nomor 1, Maret 2017, hlm 9-15",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 57,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 101,
"width": 198,
"height": 247,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengacu pada definisi pendidikan karakter sebagaimana yang telah dirumuskan oleh Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, pendidikan karakter tidak hanya mengajarkan mana yang benar dan mana yang salah, akan tetapi lebih dari itu sehingga sekolah dalam mewujudkan pendidikan karakter harus menanamkan kebiasaan ( habituation ) tentang hal-hal mana yang benar dan baik sehingga peserta didik menjadi paham (kognitif) tentang mana yang benar dan mana yang tidak benar, peserta didik juga mampu merasakan (afektif) dan biasa melakukan (psikomotor) nilai-nilai yang baik. Pendidikan nilai di sekolah harus dilaksanakan melalui kajian dan pengembangan kurikulum yang sedang berlaku dan dilaksanakan secara berkesinambungan, yaitu mulai dari TK, SD, SMP, SMA, SMK bahkan sampai perguruan tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 352,
"width": 197,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai semangat kebangsaan adalah cara berpikir,bertindak dan wawasan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 365,
"width": 22,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 379,
"width": 197,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menempatkan kepentingan bangsa dan negara di atas kepentingan diri dan kelompoknya. Nilai cinta tanah air adalah cara berpikir,bersikap dan berbuat yang menunjukkan kesetiaan, kepedulian dan penghargaan yang tinggi terhadap bahasa, lingkungan fisik, sosial, budaya, ekonomi dan politik bangsanya (Kemdikbud, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 484,
"width": 198,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Made (2011) menjelaskan bahwa dalam mengimplikasikan pendidikan karakter dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga pendekatan, antara lain:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 535,
"width": 197,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Melalui kebijakan nasional yang diteruskan sampai ke tingkat satuan pendidikan ( top down ). Pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan tahapan sosialisasi, pengembangan regulasi, pengambangan kapasitas, implementasi dan kerjasama, monitoring dan evaluasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 615,
"width": 198,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Menemukenali praktek/contoh terbaik pendidikan karakter ( bottom up ). Pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 658,
"width": 183,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Penemuan dan berbagi pengalaman praktek terbaik pendidikan karakter tingkat satuan pendidikan di kab./kota, di provinsi sampai tingkat nasional.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 711,
"width": 183,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Pendokumentasian praktek terbaik tersebut dalam buku, CD, dsb.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 737,
"width": 165,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Revitalisasi kegiatan ekstrakurikuler.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 87,
"width": 161,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendekatan ini dapat dilakukan melalui Pramuka, kantin kejujuran, UKS, PMR, perlombaan/olimpiade sains & olah raga, sekolah hijau, pendidikan anti korupsi, pendidikan tertib lalu lintas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 167,
"width": 198,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implementasi pendidikan karakter dalam Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) dilakukan dalam bentuk sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 204,
"width": 181,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Integrasi dalam mata pelajaran yang ada.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 220,
"width": 183,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengembangkan silabus dan Rencana Program Pembelajaran (RPP) pada kompetensi yang telah ada sesuai dengan nilai yang akan diterapkan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 271,
"width": 198,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Mata Pelajaran dalam Muatan Lokal. Ditetapkan oleh sekolah / daerah.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 300,
"width": 183,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kompetensi dikembangkan oleh sekolah /",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 314,
"width": 29,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "daerah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 324,
"width": 136,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Kegiatan Pengembangan Diri",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 341,
"width": 183,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kegiatan pengembangan diri diwujudkan dalam:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 367,
"width": 138,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Pembudayaan & Pembiasaan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 380,
"width": 169,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berupa pengkondisian, kegiatan rutin, kegiatan spontanitas, keteladanan, kegiatan terprogram.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 420,
"width": 183,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Ektrakurikuler. Kegiatan ekstrakulikuler seperti",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 447,
"width": 169,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pramuka; PMR; Kantin kejujuran; UKS; KIR; Olahraga, Seni; OSIS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 473,
"width": 110,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Bimbingan Konseling.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 486,
"width": 169,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bimbingan konseling berupa pemberian layanan bagi anak yang mengalani masalah. Adapun tahapan-tahapan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 526,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 539,
"width": 123,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembentukan karakter adalah: Tahap Penanaman. Tahapan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 566,
"width": 183,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penanaman dengan jalan dikenalkan contoh-contoh konkret yang baik dan buruk. Perlu dijelaskan konsekuensi positif dan negatifnya. Dalam proses ini perlu dipantau orang tua, guru dan masyarakat, yang salah dibetulkan dengan cara baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 656,
"width": 100,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Tahap Penumbuhan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 670,
"width": 183,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil dari tahap “ penanaman ” selalu diingatkan, dibimbing dan dipantau. Jangan dicela atau dihina agar tumbuh dengan baik dalam hati sanubari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 723,
"width": 118,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Tahapan Pengembangan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 48,
"width": 376,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aji Bagus Priyambodo, Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Semangat Kebangsaan Dan … 14",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 87,
"width": 183,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahapan pengembangan melalui kegiatan konkrit. Berikan kepercayaan melalui diskusi, permainan peran, simulasi dan lain- lain. Dengan memainkan suatu peran anak akan lebih mudah menginternalisasi karakter sesuai potensinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 164,
"width": 95,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Tahap Pemantapan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 181,
"width": 183,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam tahap pemantapan, anak diberi kesempatan untuk mengaktualisasikan diri dalam bentuk kegiatan nyata bersama teman dan masyarakat. Anak didorong untuk partisipasi aktif, bertanggung jawab dalam sikap, tindakan dan tutur kata.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 260,
"width": 38,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prosedur",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 260,
"width": 198,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter pada satuan pendidikan adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 284,
"width": 197,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Komitmen seluruh warga sekolah dan masyarakat sekitar untuk melaksanakan pendidikan karakter di sekolah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 324,
"width": 200,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Melaksanakan analisis konteks untuk menetapkan sumberdaya dan sarana yang diperlakukan nilai-nilai dan indikator yang dikembangkan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 367,
"width": 183,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "prosedur penilaian keberhasilan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 391,
"width": 197,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Menyusun Rencana Kerja Sekolah (RKS) dan Rencana Aksi Sekolah (RAS) yang mengandung nilai-nilai karakter.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 432,
"width": 198,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Pemenuhan tagihan minimum pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter, yang mencakup penyiapan sumberdaya manusia, penyiapan dokumen kurikulum, penyediaan sarana dan prtasarana, alokasi waktu dan penjadwalan, pengkondisian, pembagian tugas dan tanggung jawab.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 197,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di sekolah yang melibatkan seluruh warga sekolah atas dukungan masyarakat. Hal ini dapat diimplementasikan dengan keteladanan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan dan program pembudayaan karakter di sekolah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 605,
"width": 197,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Penilaian keberhasilan, reward dan punishment serta tindak lanjut.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 632,
"width": 200,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Evaluasi diri terhadap program sekolah (Made, 2011). Implementasi penididikan karakter di ketiga sekolah tersebut berupa penyusunan Rencana Kerja Sekolah (RKS) dan Rencana Aksi Sekolah (RAS) yang mengandung nilai- nilai semangat kebangsaan dan cinta tanah air, penyiapan sumber daya manusia, penyiapan dokumen kurikulum, pengalokasi waktu dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penjadwalan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 101,
"width": 198,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penanaman karakter semangat kebangsaan pada para siswa salah satunya diberikan melalui mata pelajaran umum dan muatan lokal (mulok) di sekolah. Peraturan sekolah mewajibkan para siswa menghafal lagu-lagu nasional sebagai bagian dari program pembelajaran karakter. Kegiatan rutin upacara bendera yang dilaksanakan setiap hari Senin dan Hari Besar Nasional tertentu. Mengikuti serangkaian kegiatan peringatan Hari Kemerdekaan Indonesia. Implementasi pendidikan karakter semangat kebangsaan melalui kegiatan ekstrakulikuler yang terkait, seperti Pramuka, OSIS dan pemilihan Duta Karakter.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 298,
"width": 131,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 325,
"width": 198,
"height": 194,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terdapat komitmen pada ketiga pimpinan sekolah yang berlatar belakang Islam di Kota Pasuruan untuk melaksanakan pendidikan karakter semangat kebangsaan dan cinta tanah air. Telah dilakukan analisis konteks untuk menetapkan nilai-nilai dan indikator capaian dalam prosedur implementasi pendidikan karakter tersebut. Kendati demikian, penyediaan sarana prasarana yang menunjang masih sangat minim, evaluasi dan tindak lanjut keberhasilan pendidikan karakter juga masih belum dilaksanakan. Hal ini menyebabkan nilai-nilai semangat kebangsaan dan cinta tanah air masih belum membudaya di sekolah-sekolah tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 535,
"width": 28,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 549,
"width": 198,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan bagi kepala sekolah bekerjasama dengan para guru, karyawan dan warga masyarakat dapat saling",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 365,
"top": 588,
"width": 148,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bekerjasama untuk lebih",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 601,
"width": 148,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 601,
"width": 198,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "karakter semangat kebangsaan dan cinta tanah air di sekolah. Semua bentuk kegiatan dalam rangka pendidikan karakter hendaknya dapat dievaluasi dan ditindak lanjuti, sehingga karakter semangat kebangsaan dan cinta tanah air dapat terbentuk dengan baik pada para pelajar dan warga sekolah lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 278,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 Jurnal Sains Psikologi , Jilid 6, Nomor 1, Maret 2017, hlm 9-15",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 96,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 120,
"width": 198,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Danim. 2006. Visi Baru Manajemen Sekolah . Jakarta: Gramedia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 150,
"width": 198,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indrakusuma, Amir Daien. 1973. Pengantar ilmu pendidikan . Surabaya: Usaha Nasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 190,
"width": 200,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemdikbud. 2011. Pedoman pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter . Jakarta: Kementrian Pendidikan Nasional Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 271,
"width": 198,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Made. 2011. Pengertian pendidikan karakter dan implementasinya di sekolah . Makalah disajikan dalam Seminar Pendidikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 199,
"top": 306,
"width": 37,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakter",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 306,
"width": 36,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fakultas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 317,
"width": 141,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Psikologi Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 20 November",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 346,
"width": 198,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nazir, M. 1999. Metode penelitian . Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 375,
"width": 198,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Neuman, W.L. 1999. Social research methods:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 387,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "quantitative and",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 387,
"width": 45,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "qualitative",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 398,
"width": 140,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "approach . Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 427,
"width": 198,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ormrod, J. 2008. Psikologi pendidikan edisi keenam . Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 456,
"width": 197,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiyono. 2009. Memahami penelitian Kualitatif . Bandung: Penerbit CV. Alfabeta",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 496,
"width": 197,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tim Dosen KTP FIP IKIP Malang. (1995). Pengantar pendidikan . Malang: FIP IKIP Malang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 537,
"width": 198,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zainudin, M. 2000. Metodologi penelitian . Surabaya.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
c6b12c2b-0e4e-57f7-b64a-a490c65b8532 | https://risalah.unram.ac.id/index.php/risalah/article/download/62/54 | [
{
"left": 384,
"top": 784,
"width": 139,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : https://doi.org/10.29303/ .....",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 26,
"width": 180,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 45,
"width": 379,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 3, No. 1, Juni 2022 open access at : http://risalah.unram.ac.id Magister Kenotariatan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mataram This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 113,
"width": 421,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DI INDONESIA (SUATU TINJAUAN PENGUATAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM APOTEKER DAN PASIEN PADA LAYANAN KEFARMASIAN)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 187,
"width": 445,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES LEGAL POLICY IN INDONESIA (AN REVIEW OF LEGAL STRENGTHENING AND PROTECTION OF PHARMACISTS AND PATIENTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 202,
"top": 267,
"width": 192,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wahyuddin & Lale Syifaun Nufus",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 293,
"width": 238,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Mataram Corresponding e-mail : [email protected] Universitas Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 273,
"top": 360,
"width": 50,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 382,
"width": 453,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In an effort to accelerate the improvement of the health status of the Indonesian people, one of which is the fulfillment of protection for patients in pharmaceutical services, of course the role of pharmacists in the discourse is one of the main supporting factors on the one side. Exactly in this strategic position, on the other hand, the important legal issue that is being questioned is what form the Government’s policy will take towards pharmacist in Indonesia, which in this case is related to the nature of their authority, rights and obligations. Such legal attributes are important entities that can affect the guarantee of the existence of pharmacists as government assistants in the effort to accelerate the improvement of the health status of the Indonesian society. Besides that,policy The formation of pharmaceutical service standards for patients is also a very important entity as a benchmark that participates in influencing the significance in fulfilling adequate health service satisfaction for the society. This research uses normative legal research methods. The legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials. Primary legal materials are laws, and secondary legal materials are books and journals related to this research.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 549,
"width": 241,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Pharmacy, Legal Policy and Patient",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 588,
"width": 46,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 610,
"width": 455,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam upaya percepatan peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia yang salah satunya dapat terpenuhinya perlindungan bagi pasien pada layanan kefarmasian, maka tentu peran tenaga farmasi di dalam diskursusnya salah satu faktor pendukung utama di satu sisi. Persis pada posisinya yang strategis tersebut di sisi lain, isu hukum penting yang dipertanyakan ialah bagaimana bentuk kebijakan Pemerintah kepada para tenaga farmasi di Indonesia, yang dalam hal ini terkait dengan sifat kewenangan, hak dan kewajibannya. Atribut-atribut hukum yang demikian adalah entitas penting yang dapat mempengaruhi jaminan eksistensi tenaga farmasi sebagai pembantu pemerintah dalam ikhtiar percepatan peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Selain itu kebijakan bentukan standar pelayanan kefarmasian bagi pasien juga merupakan entitas yang sangat penting sebagai tolok ukur yang turut serta mempengaruhi signifikansi dalam terpenuhinya kepuasan layanan kesehatan yang memadai bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 47,
"width": 179,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan hlm,",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 18,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "118",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 47,
"width": 49,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "118~131",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 70,
"width": 453,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penelitian hukum normatif. Bahan hukum yang digunakan yaitu bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Bahan hukum primer yaitu Undang-Undang, dan bahan hukum sekunder yaitu buku dan jurnal yang berkaitan dengan penelitan ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 113,
"width": 282,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Farmasi, Kebijakan Hukum Dan Pasien",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 148,
"width": 113,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 174,
"width": 454,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara normative , tenaga kesehatan adalah setiap orang yang mengabdikan diri dalam bidang kesehatan serta memiliki pengetahuan dan/atau keterampilan melalui pendidikan di bidang kesehatan yang untuk jenis tertentu memerlukan kewenangan untuk melakukan upaya kesehatan. 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 246,
"width": 455,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tenaga kesehatan yang dimaksud dalam pasal tersebut meliputi, dokter, perawat, apoteker, dokter gigi, bidan, dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya. Setiap tenaga kesehatan dalam menjalankan tugasnya harus didasarkan pada adanya kesadaran, etika sesuai profesi masing-masing, dan tanggung jawab yang dijunjung tinggi untuk memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik kepada pengguna ( user ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 336,
"width": 457,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Apabila ditelisik secara mendalam eksistensi para tenaga kesehatan bermuara pada perannya dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat. Dan pada peran tersebut salah satu jenis layanan yang tidak kalah pentingnya diantara layanan kesehatan yang lain ialah aspek pendistribusian obat kepada pasien selaku konsumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 408,
"width": 454,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alur pendistribusian obat hingga sampai ke tangan konsumen, diawali dari pabrik farmasi lalu disalurkan melalui Pedagang Besar Farmasi (PBF), dan dilanjutkan ke agen untuk disalurkan ke apotek atau toko obat. Alur pendistribusian ini dapat dilihat pada alur yang dilakukan oleh PT Kimia Farma 2 . Khusus untuk sediaan farmasi berupa narkotika dan psikotropika memiliki jalur distribusi khusus. Untuk narkotika hanya bisa disalurkan dari Industri Farmasi kepada Pedagang Besar Farmasi tertentu, Apotek, sarana penyimpanan sediaan farmasi pemerintah tertentu, dan Rumah Sakit. Kemudian dilanjutkan dari PBF disalurkan kepada PBF tertentu lainnya, apotek, dan lembaga ilmu pengetahuan 3 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 570,
"width": 452,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mencermati alur pendistribusian tersebut, apotek merupakan tempat utama dalam penyaluran obat ke pasien. Berangkat dari skema ini, maka diperlukan adanya kejelasan dalam hal pemberian obat dari tenaga kefarmasian ke konsumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 624,
"width": 454,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tenaga kefarmasian yang berwenang dalam hal pemberian obat kepada pasien adalah apoteker dan asisten apoteker. 4 Apoteker adalah seorang sarjana farmasi yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 681,
"width": 338,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 .Lihat: Pasal 1 angka (6) Undang-Undang No 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 691,
"width": 452,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Alur distribusi Kimia Farma diawali dari Pabrik Kimia Farma yang kemudian disalurkan kepada Peda- gang Besar Farmasi (PBF). Selanjutnya, PBF akan menyalurkan atau mendistribusikan obat tersebut kepada Apotek, Instalasi Farmasi Dumah Sakit, Balai Pengobatan dan Toko Obat. Lihat: https://kimiafarma.co.id/index.php?op- tion=com_content&view=article&id=36&Itemid=171&lang=id. Di akses pada tanggal 25 Mei 20220.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 730,
"width": 43,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Ibid .,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 741,
"width": 452,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Lebih lanjut dapat dilihat dalam ketentuan Pasal 21 ayat (2) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 51 Tahun 2009 tentang Pekerjaan Kefarmasian yang menyatakan bahwa, “Penyerahan dan pelayanan obat berdasarkan resep dokter dilaksanakan oleh Apoteker”.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 18,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "119",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 46,
"width": 72,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2775-362X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 70,
"width": 458,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "telah lulus sebagai Apoteker dan telah mengucapkan sumpah jabatan Apoteker serta memiliki Surat Ijin Praktek Apoteker (SIPA). Peran dari Apoteker adalah melakukan pelayanan kefarmasian ( Pharmaceutical Care ) yang merupakan pelayanan dan tanggung jawab langsung sebagai profesi Apoteker dalam pekerjaan kefarmasian demi meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. 5 Dalam pencapaian ini, pelayanan kefarmasian memegang peranan yang penting, karena merupakan suatu pelayanan secara langsung dan bertanggung jawab kepada pasien yang berkaitan dengan sediaan farmasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 196,
"width": 456,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada saat ini paradigma pelayanan kefarmasian telah meluas dari pelayanan yang berorientasi pada obat ( drug oriented ) menjadi pelayanan yang berorientasi pada pasien ( patient oriented ). Pilihan paradigma yang berorientasi pada pasien adalah cara rasional dalam percepatan pemenuhan layanan kesehatan yang memadai bagi masyarakat. Konsekuensi dari perubahan orientasi ini menuntut apoteker agar dapat mengimplementasikan standar pelayanan kefarmasian yang menjadi tolak ukur dalam menyelenggarakan pelayanan kefarmasian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 322,
"width": 457,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai jaminan pelaksanaan dari pergeseran paradigma pelayanan yang dimaksud, apoteker dalam eksistensinya selain dituntut untuk memberikan pelayanan dan meningkatkan mutu kehidupan pasien, maka diperlukan adanya jaminan penguatan dalam bentuk kebijakan hukum dari pemerintah yang diberikan kepada para tenaga farmasi, agar tidak terjadi situasi yang paradox dalam eksistensi tenaga farmasi ditengah peran dan tugasnya yang penting dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Disamping itu diperlukan adanya jaminan perlindungan bagi pasien pada layanan kefarmasian di apotek. Dalam konteks diperlukan adanya kebijakan standar pelayanan bagi pasien. Bagi pasien pengetahuan ini menjadi stimulus dalam membangun komunikasi dengan apoteker pada perhubungan layanan kesehatan (kefarmasian) 6 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 502,
"width": 456,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, isu hukum yang dapat diketengahkan yaitu apa jensi sifat kewenangannya, hak dan kewajiban yang diberikan oleh pemerintah kepada apoteker di dalam menjalankan profesinya? serta bagaimana ketentuan pelayanan kefarmasian bagi pasien di apotek?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 574,
"width": 456,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Bahan hukum yang digunakan yaitu bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Bahan hukum primer Yaitu Undang-Undang, dan bahan hukum sekunder yaitu buku dan jurnal yang berkaitan dengan penelitan ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 690,
"width": 450,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Depkes RI, Standar Pelayanan Farmasi di Rumah Sakit . Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indo- nesia Nomor 1027/MENKES/SK/X/2004",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 711,
"width": 452,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Pelayanan kesehatan yang memiliki peran penting dalam pelayanan obat, peracikan, hingga pemberian informasi penggunaan obat yang tepat sehingga tujuan terapi dapat tercapai merupakan peranan dari profesi apoteker, sehingga penting bagi masyarakat untuk memahamani mengenai profesi apoteker. Lihat: Wijayanti, dkk, Pengenalan Sejak Dini ….. dalam Andi Asrul Fajri, Evaluasi Persepsi Masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan Terhadap Peran Dan Eksistensi Profesi Apoteker, Skripsi, UIN Alauddin Makassar, 2001, hlm. 1",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 47,
"width": 179,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan hlm,",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "120",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 47,
"width": 50,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "120~131",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 70,
"width": 103,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 102,
"width": 261,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Kewenangan, Kewajiban Dan Hak Apoteker",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 132,
"width": 140,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Kewenangan Apoteker",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 155,
"width": 456,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Eksistensi Apoteker sebagai suatu profesi pengabdian kepada kemanusiaan dalam bidang kesehatan. Maka tentu dalam menjalankan penghidmatan yang dimaksud diperlukan kecukupan ilmu pengetahuan yang dapat diperoleh dari pendidikan formal, yang mana orientasi primernya harus ditujukan untuk kepentingan masyarakat. Guna untuk memberikan kepastian hukum bagi apoteker dalam eksistensi yang dimaksud, maka pemberian kewenangan hak dan kewajiban oleh pemerintah adalah penting didalamnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 281,
"width": 457,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salah satu bentuk tanggung jawab hukum pemerintah pada profesi apoteker. Pemerintah telah menetapkan ketentuan UU RI No. 36 Tahun 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan. Dalam regulasi ini, ditetapkan tenaga kefarmasian merupakan bagian dari kelompok tenaga kesehatan di Indonesia. 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 353,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian secara yuridis apoteker merupakan profesi kesehatan yang diakui keberadaannya, sepertihalnya profesi kesehatan lainnya, misalnya dokter umum, dokter gigi, perawat, dan bidan. Sebagaimana dengan profesi tenaga kesehatan lainnya yang memiliki induk organisasi. Profesi Apoteker juga demikian halnya, tergabung dalam organisasi induk yang dikenal dengan Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI) 8 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 443,
"width": 456,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Merujuk pada ketentuan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan, kewenangan apoteker terbagi menjadi dua sifat atau terdapat dua landasan kewenangan. Kendati sifatnya berbeda akan tetapi sifat yang dimaksud menjadi satu kesatuan yang bulat dan tidak dipisahkan. Pertama , kewenangan berdasarkan keahlian atau kewenangan materiil yang semata-mata melekat pada individu apoteker. Kedua, kewenangan menurut undang-undang yang disebut kewenangan formal. Dikatakan satu kesatuan yang bulat dan tidak dipisahkan karena seorang apoteker untuk dapat melakukan praktik atau melakukan pekerjaan kefarmasian jika memiliki kedua kewenangan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 605,
"width": 454,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kewenangan apoteker menurut keahliannya di peroleh melalui pendidikan tinggi farmasi dan pendidikan profesi apoteker, setelah apoteker menyelesaikan pendidikan profesi dan lulus dalam uji kompetensi sebagai apoteker serta telah disumpah sebagai apoteker 9 maka pada diri seorang apoteker tersebut sudah mempunyai kemampuan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 690,
"width": 435,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 Lihat: UU RI No. 36 Tahun 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan , pasal 11 ayat (1) huruf e dan ayat (6)",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 701,
"width": 453,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 Ikatan Sarjana Farmasi Indonesia adalah satu-satunya Organisasi Profesi Kefarmasian di Indonesia yang ditetapkan dengan Surat Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 41846/KMB/121 tertanggal 16 September 1965. Nama Ikatan Sarjana Farmasi Indonesia ditetapkan dalam Kongres VII Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia di Jakarta pada tanggal 26 Februari 1965 dan merupakan kelanjutan dari Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia yang didirikan pada tanggal 18 Juni 1955, untuk jangka waktu yang tidak ditentukan. Lihat: https://www.iai.id/page/sejarah. Di akses pada tanggal 26 Mei 2022.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 761,
"width": 374,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 Sumpah Apoteker termaktub dalam Kode Etik Apoteker Indonesia pada pasal 1 s/d 8. Ibid .",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "121",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 46,
"width": 72,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2775-362X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 70,
"width": 456,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "akademik dan kemampuan profesi untuk diaplikasikan kemampuannya dalam menjalankan pekerjaan kefarmasian yang sekaligus melekat pada dirinya kewenangan berdasarkan keahliannya atau kewenangan materil, akan tetapi kewenangan berdasarkan keahlian tersebut belum cukup untuk bisa menjalankan pekerjaan kefarmasian karena terdapat kewenangan menurut hukum yang diberikan kepada apoteker atau kewenangan formal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 178,
"width": 459,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara terperinci keterkaitan antar keduanya dapat dilihat pada ketentuan Undang-undang Nomor 36 tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan , dalam pasal 23 ayat (1) disebutkan, tenaga kesehatan berwenang untuk menyelenggarakan pelayanan kesehatan. Selain itu disebutkan pula pada pasal 108 ayat (1) mengatur ruang lingkup kewenangan seorang tenaga kefarmasian (apoteker) yang menentukan bahwa, praktik kefarmasiaan yang meliputi pembuatan termasuk pengendalian mutu sediaan farmasi, pengamanan, pengadaan, penyimpanan dan pendistribusian obat, pelayanan obat atas resep dokter, pelayanan informasi obat serta pengembangan obat,bahan obat dan obat tradisional harus dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang mempunyai keahlian dan kewenangan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 358,
"width": 457,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain penegasan cakupan kewenangan yang dimaksud, diperlukan ketentuan tambahan lainnya bagi seorang apoteker untuk dapat menjalankan praktek , yakni harus memenuhi persyaratan hukum administrative, ditentukan bahwa, apoteker yang menjalankan Pekerjaan Kefarmasian harus memiliki sertifikat kompetensi profesi 10 ; apoteker wajib memiliki surat tanda registrasi 11 ; apoteker wajib memiliki surat izin sesuai tempat tenaga kefarmasian bekerja, yaitu SIPA (Surat izin Praktek Apoteker) untuk yang bekerja di fasilitas pelayanan kefarmasian dan SIKA (Surat Izin Kerja Apoteker) untuk yang bekerja di fasilitas produksi dan distribusi kefarmasian. 12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 502,
"width": 456,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Beberapa contoh kewenangan apoteker dalam pelayanan kefarmasian meliputi, mengangkat apoteker pendamping/tenaga kefarmasian lain, mengganti obat merek dagang dengan obat generik tanpa izin dokter & pasien, menyerahkan obat keras, narkotika & psikotropika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 580,
"width": 179,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Kewajiban Dan Hak Apoteker",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 604,
"width": 456,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai tenaga kesehatan profesi apoteker selain mempunyai kewenangan, sebagaimana diketengahkan di atas, juga mempunyai hak dan kewajiban yaitu kewajiban yang bersumber sebagai profesi apoteker, kewajiban yang berdasarkan pada penerapan keilmuannya saat memberikan pelayanan dan kewajiban yang bersumber pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang ditetapkan pemerintah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 694,
"width": 455,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kewajiban sebagai profesi apoteker dalam komunitasnya tertuang dalam bentuk kode etik apoteker, sedangkan sebagai tenaga kesehatan dalam memberikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 741,
"width": 328,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 Lihat: PP No. 51 tahun 2009 Tentang Pekerjaan Kefarmasian, pasal 37 ayat (1) 11 Ibid , Pasal 39 ayat (1) 12 Ibid , Pasal 52 ayat (1)",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 47,
"width": 179,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan hlm,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "122",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 47,
"width": 50,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "122~131",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 70,
"width": 454,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pelayanan kefarmasian diatur oleh organisasi profesinya yaitu IAI dengan produk dalam bentuk Kode Etik Apoteker Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 106,
"width": 454,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun kewajiban apoteker yang tercantum dalam kode etik yang dimaksud yaitu, kewajiban umum, kewajiban apoteker kepada pasien, kewajiban apoteker kepada teman sejawat dan kewajiban apoteker kepada tenaga kesehatan lainnya, yakni sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 178,
"width": 436,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertama , k ewajiban umum profesi apoteker secara berurutan Pasal 1-8, antara lain: 13",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 196,
"width": 438,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Sumpah/janji Apoteker, setiap apoteker harus menjunjung tinggi, menghayati dan mengamalkan sumpah/janji apoteker;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 232,
"width": 440,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Setiap Apoteker harus berusaha dengan sungguh-sungguh menghayati dan mengamalkan Kode Etik Apoteker Indonesia;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 268,
"width": 439,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Setiap Apoteker harus senantiasa menjalankan profesinya sesuai kompetensi apoteker Indonesia serta selalu mengutamakan dan berpegang teguh pada prinsip kemanusiaan dalam melaksanakan kewajibannya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 322,
"width": 437,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Setiap Apoteker harus selalu aktif mengikuti perkembangan di bidang kesehatan pada umumnya dan di bidang farmasi pada khususnya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 358,
"width": 440,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Di dalam menjalankan tugasnya seorang Apoteker harus menjauhkan diri dari usaha mencari keuntungan diri semata yang bertentangan dengan martabat dan tradisi luhur jabatan kefarmasian;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 412,
"width": 439,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Seorang Apoteker harus berbudi luhur dan menjadi contoh yang baik bagi orang lain;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 448,
"width": 411,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Seorang apoteker harus menjadi sumber informasi sesuai dengan profesinya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 466,
"width": 439,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8. Seorang Apoteker harus aktif mengikuti perkembangan peraturan perundang- undangan di bidang kesehatan pada umumnya dan di bidang farmasi pada khususnya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 538,
"width": 453,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedua , k ewajiban apoteker terhadap pasien dengan merujuk pada ketentuan pasal 9 yang menentukan bahwa, seorang apoteker dalam melakukan praktik kefarmasian harus mengutamakan kepentingan masyarakat menghormati hak asasi pasien dan melindungi makhluk hidup insani. 14",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 610,
"width": 454,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain kewajiban-kewajiban yang telah disebutkan di atas, apoteker juga memiliki hak-hak yang melekat. Adapun hak-hak yang dimaksud, antara lain: 15",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 646,
"width": 438,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Memperoleh perlindungan hukum sepanjang melaksanakan tugas sesuai dengan Standar Profesi, Standar Pelayanan Profesi, dan Standar Prosedur Operasional;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 682,
"width": 440,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Memperoleh informasi yang lengkap dan benar dari penerima pelayanan kesehatan atau keluarganya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 729,
"width": 453,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 Triwara, Bambang, and Zurbandi. Kode Etik Apoteker Indonesia dan Implementasi Jabaran Kode Etik . Jakarta, 2015 14 Ibid.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 761,
"width": 406,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 Lihat: Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan, pasal 57",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "123",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 46,
"width": 72,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2775-362X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 70,
"width": 139,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Menerima imbalan jasa;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 88,
"width": 439,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Memperoleh pelindungan atas keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, perlakuan yang sesuai dengan harkat dan martabat manusia, moral, kesusilaan, serta nilai-nilai agama;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 142,
"width": 336,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e. Mendapatkan kesempatan untuk mengembangkan profesinya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 160,
"width": 440,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "f. Menolak keinginan penerima pelayanan kesehatan atau pihak lain yang bertentangan dengan Standar Profesi, kode etik, standar pelayanan, Standar Prosedur Operasional, atau ketentuan Peraturan Perundang-undangan; dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 214,
"width": 435,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "g. Memperoleh hak lain sesuai dengan ketentuan Peraturan Perundang-undangan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 232,
"width": 455,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari uraian di atas dapat dipahami bahwa, keberadaan UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan telah meneguhkan keberadaan Apoteker sebagai tenaga kesehatan di Indonesia yang dilengkapi dengan hak-hak yang melekat padanya. Selain itu keberadaan UU No 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan semakin mengukuhkan penguatan Apoteker dalam layanan kefarmasian yakni dengan diberikannya kewenangan yang cukup luas. Akan tetapi agar tidak terjadi tindakan penyalahgunaan wewenang, Apoteker diberikan batasan (kewajiban) sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam kode etik Apoteker Indonesia yang mencakup kewajiban umum, kewajiban apoteker kepada pasien, kewajiban apoteker kepada teman sejawat dan kewajiban apoteker kepada tenaga kesehatan lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 436,
"width": 207,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Pelayanan Kefarmasian Di Apotek",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 460,
"width": 453,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dokter dengan tenaga kefarmasian memiliki hubungan yang dominan, termasuk di dalamnya apoteker dan asisten apoteker. Pasien cenderung lebih pasif, sehingga dalam hal ini tenaga kefarmasian harus lebih aktif dan jelas dalam memberikan pengetahuan kepada pasien dalam hal pengetahuan obat yang akan dikonsumsi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 532,
"width": 455,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oleh karena itu, dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan baik apoteker maupun asisten apoteker harus menyadari adanya kemungkinan terjadinya kesalahan dalam pemberian obat maupun kesalahan dalam pemberian aturan pakai obat yang tidak sesuai dengan resep dokter. Jika prinsip tersebut diabaikan, maka dapat berakibat fatal bagi keselamatan badan dan jiwa pasien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 622,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Beberapa kemungkinan kesalahan tenaga kefarmasian dalam pelayanan terhadap pasien, misalnya pasien salah mengonsumsi obat, memberikan informasi aturan pakai yang tidak sesuai dengan resep dokter yang mana dapat dimungkinkan pasien akan bertambah parah penyakitnya. Bilamana dokter telah menulis resep dengan baik dan jelas, terlepas masalah dalam keadaan konkrit obat-obatan yang diindikasikan, namun tidak diserahkan sesuai dengan resep, maka bukan dokter melainkan apoteker yang dapat dimintakan tanggung-jawabnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 47,
"width": 179,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan hlm,",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "124",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 47,
"width": 50,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "124~131",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 70,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengingat beratnya tanggungjawab seorang apoteker, maka untuk meminimalisir kesalahan-kesalahan yang dimaksud, pemerintah telah menetapkan kebijakan hukum untuk memberikan perlindungan baik bagi apoteker maupun bagi pasien, yakni dengan pendekatan pada aspek perbaikan pelayanan yang dapat dilihat pada Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 73 tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 160,
"width": 457,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keberadaan Permenkes tersebut adalah kebijakan progressif pemerintah dalam menjaga kualitas hubungan antara apoteker dengan pasien, mengingat pelayanan kefarmasian merupakan suatu pelayanan secara langsung dan bertanggung jawab kepada pasien yang berkaitan dengan sediaan farmasi dengan maksud untuk mencapai hasil yang pasti dalam capaian peningkatan mutu kehidupan pasien. Terlebih pada saat ini paradigma pelayanan ke farmasian telah meluas dari pelayanan yang berorientasi pada obat ( drug oriented ) menjadi pelayanan yang berorientasi pada pasien ( patient oriented ). Konsekuensi dari perubahan orientasi ini menuntut apoteker agar dapat mengimplementasikan standar pelayanan kefarmasian yang menjadi tolak ukur dalam menyelenggarakan pelayanan kefarmasian. 16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 340,
"width": 455,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsepsi di atas menempatkan pelayanan kefarmasian di Apotek berperan penting dalam penjaminan mutu, manfaat, keamanan dan khasiat sediaan farmasi dan alat kesehatan. Selain itu pelayanan kefarmasian bertujuan untuk melindungi pasien dan masyarakat dari penggunaan Obat yang tidak rasional dalam rangka keselamatan pasien ( patient safety ), sehingga kualitas hidup pasien ( quality of life ) terjamin. Adapun bentuk standar pelayanan yang termaktub dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 73 tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 472,
"width": 195,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pengkajian Dan Pelayanan Resep",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 496,
"width": 440,
"height": 230,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kegiatan pengkajian dan pelayanan resep dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalis adanya masalah terkait obat. Selain itu kegiatan ini dilakukan sebagai upaya pencegahan terjadinya kesalahan pemberian obat (medication error). Bentuk pelaksanaan pada bagian ini terbagi menjadi dua, yakni persiapan pelaksana dan tahapan pelaksanaan. Persiapan pelaksanaan meliputi, membersihkan meja dari barang-barang yang tidak diperlukan, dan mempersiapkan resep manual atau elektronik. Selanjutnya pada tahapan pelaksanaan, meliputi, penerimaan erima resep elektronik atau resep manual yang diserahkan ke bagian farmasi; Jika sudah menggunakan sistem informasi, cetak resep elektronik; Jika resep manual tidak terbaca, hubungi dokter penulis resep; Pemeriksaan kelengkapan administratif berupa identitas pasien (nama, usia/tanggal lahir), berat badan (terutama pasien pediatri), tinggi badan (pasien kemoterapi), tanggal resep, nama dokter; Melakukan pengkajian resep dengan menceklis formulir verifikasi resep di belakang resep manual sesuai dengan kertas kerja; Memberikan tanda ceklis di kolom",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 750,
"width": 449,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16 Dra. Engko Sosialine Magdaline, Apt. M. Biomed, Petunjuk Tekhnis Pelayanan Standar Pelayanan Kefarma- sian Di Apotik, Kementrian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta, 2019, hlm.v",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "125",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 46,
"width": 72,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2775-362X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 70,
"width": 439,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ya (jika hasil pengkajian sesuai) atau Tidak (jika hasil pengkajian tidak sesuai) pada masing- masing hal yang perlu dikaji; Jika ada hal yang perlu dikonfirmasi, hubungi dokter penulis resep (hasil konfirmasi dengan dokter dicatat di resep); Memberikan garis merah untuk obat golongan Narkotika dan g aris biru untuk obat psikotropika; Informasikan dan minta persetujuan tentang harga resep pada pasien beli tunai; Simpan hasil pengkajian resep; dan membuat laporan pengkajian resep setiap bulan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 184,
"width": 75,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Dispensing",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 208,
"width": 440,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dispensing bertujuan untuk menyiapkan, menyerahkan dan memberikan informasi obat yang akan diserahkan kepada pasien. Dispensing dilaksanakan setelah kajian administratif, farmasetik dan klinik memenuhi syarat. Tahapan ini penting guna untuk memastikan penyediaan obat yang sesuai dengan tata cara dispensing yang baik; mencegah terjadinya dispensing error; dan memastikan penggunaan obat yang rasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 298,
"width": 443,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk pelaksanaan pada tahapan ini, dilaksanakan oleh apoteker dengan dibantu oleh Tenaga Teknis Kefarmasian, yang terdiri dari tahapan persiapan dengan cakupan memastikan ketersediaan SPO tentang dispensing obat di Apotek; personel yang terlibat memahami SPO dispensing dengan tetap menjaga higiene yang baik, menggunakan seragam atau pakaian yang bersih. Untuk ruang dispensingnya harus terjaga kebersihannya dan tidak kotor; peralatan dispensing dalam keadaan bersih dan terkalibrasi; tersedianya buku standar atau referensi; dan pengkajian administratif, farmasetik dan klinik telah dilaksanakan serta memenuhi persyaratan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 441,
"width": 440,
"height": 320,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya pada tahapan pelaksanaannya, dilakukan ( a ) Penyediaan obat sesuai dengan permintaan resep , dengan ketentuan menghitung kebutuhan jumlah obat sesuai dengan resep; mengambil obat yang dibutuhkan pada rak penyimpanan dengan memperhatikan nama obat, tanggal ke daluwarsa dan keadaan fisik obat, melakukan double check kebenaran identitas obat yang diracik, terutama jika termasuk obat high alert/ LASA. ( b ) . Melakukan peracikan obat bila diperlukan dengan memberikan etiket yang berisi tentang informasi tanggal, nama pasien dan aturan pakai; memberikan keterangan “kocok dahulu” pada sediaan bentuk suspensi atau emulsi; memberikan keterangan habiskan untuk obat antibiotic. ( c ) . Memasukkan obat ke dalam wadah yang tepat dan terpisah untuk obat yang berbeda untuk menjaga mutu obat dan menghindari penggunaan yang salah. ( d ) . Sebelum obat diserahkan kepada pasien harus dilakukan pemeriksaan kembali mengenai penulisan nama pasien. pada etiket, cara penggunaan serta jenis dan jumlah obat (kesesuaian antara penulisan etiket dengan Resep). ( e ) . Memanggil nama dan nomor tunggu pasien dan memeriksa ulang identitas dan alamat pasien. ( f ) . memastikan 5 tepat yakni, tepat obat, tepat pasien, tepat dosis, tepat rute, tepat waktu pemberian. ( g ) . Memberikan informasi obat mencakup nama obat, dosis, cara pakai obat, indikasi, kontra indikasi, efek samping, cara penyimpanan obat, stabilitas dan interaksi yang diserahkan kepada pasien dan meminta nomor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 47,
"width": 179,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan hlm,",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "126",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 47,
"width": 50,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "126~131",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 70,
"width": 439,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kontak pasien. Jika diperlukan pasien dapat diberi konseling obat di ruang konseling. Dalam hal penyerahan obat dilaksanakan melalui pengantaran oleh apotek, apoteker harus menjamin keamanan dan mutu serta pemberian informasi secara tertulis kepada pasien. Bila pengantaran dilakukan oleh jasa pengantaran, kemasan sediaan farmasi harus dalam keadaan tertutup dan menjaga kerahasiaan pasien. ( h ) . Menyimpan dan mengarsip resep sesuai dengan ketentuan. ( i ) . Apoteker membuat catatan pengobatan pasien dengan menggunakan lampiran 12 sebagaimana terlampir. Catatan pengobatan pasien diutamakan untuk pasien yang diprioritaskan mendapatkan pelayanan farmasi klinik (Konseling, PTO) contohnya pasien-pasien penyakit kronis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 235,
"width": 157,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Pelayanan Informasi Obat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 258,
"width": 440,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelayanan Informasi Obat (PIO) merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh apoteker dalam penyediaan dan pemberian informasi mengenai obat yang tidak memihak, dievaluasi dengan kritis dan dengan bukti terbaik dalam segala aspek penggunaan obat kepada profesi kesehatan lain, pasien atau masyarakat yang didalamnya meliputi, pemberian informasi mengenai Obat termasuk Obat Resep, Obat bebas dan herbal, informasi meliputi dosis, bentuk sediaan, formulasi khusus, rute dan metoda pemberian, farm akokinetik, farmakologi, terapeutik da n alternatif, efikasi, keamanan penggunaan pada ibu hamil dan menyusui, efek samping, interaksi, stab ilitas, ketersediaan, harga, sifat fisika atau kimia dari Obat dan lain-lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 416,
"width": 438,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelayanan informasi obat ini merupakan bagian dari kegiatan promosi/peningkatan kesehatan (promotif): penyuluhan , CBIA, pencegahan Penyakit (Preventif): penyuluhan imunisasi , penyuluhan terhadap ba haya merokok, bahaya narkotika, penyembuhan penyakit (kuratif): keterlibatan dalam program eliminasi malaria dan Tuberculosis dan HIV, dan pemulihan kesehatan (rehabilitatif): kepatuhan pada pasien pasca stroke.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 504,
"width": 442,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahapan pelaksanaan pada bagian ini, terdiri dari tahapan persiapan dan pelaksanaan. Pada persiapan, sebelum melakukan kegiatan PIO, petugas harus menyiapkan buku referensi/e–book, formulir PIO, software interaksi obat. Selanjutnya pada pelaksanaan, apoteker menerima dan mencatat pertanyaan lewat telepon, pesan tertulis atau tatap muka, mengidentifikasi penanya: nama, status (tenaga kesehatan, pasien/keluarga pasien, atau masyarakat umum), menanyakan secara rinci data/ informasi terkait pertanyaan, men etapkan urgensi pertanyaan, dan memformulasikan jawaban, menyampaikan jawaban kepada penanya secara verbal atau tertulis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 651,
"width": 68,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Konseling",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 674,
"width": 444,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemberian konseling obat bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan hasil terapi, meminimalkan risiko reaksi obat yang tidak dikehendaki (ROTD), dan meningkatkan cost-effectiveness yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan keamanan penggunaan obat bagi pasien ( patient safety ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "127",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 46,
"width": 72,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2775-362X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 70,
"width": 441,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada konseling dimulai dari tahapan persiapan hingga pelaksanaan. Tahapan persiapan, apoteker melakukan seleksi pasien berdasarkan prioritas yang sudah ditetapkan, menyiapkan obat yang akan dijelaskan kepada pasien/keluarga pasien, menyiapkan informasi lengkap dari referensi kefarmasian seperti handbook , e -book atau internet.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 158,
"width": 440,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain kegiatan persiapan, pada bagian konseling apoteker menentukan kKriteria pasien/ keluarga pasien yang perlu diberi konseling, misalnya pasien kondisi khusus (pediatri, geriatri, gangguan fungsi hati dan/atau ginjal, ibu hamil da n men yusui), pasien dengan terapi jangka panjang/penyakit kronis (misalnya: TB, DM, AIDS, epilepsi), pasien yang menggunakan obat dengan instruksi khusus (penggunaan kortikosteroid dengan tappering down/off ), pasien yang menggunakan obat dengan indeks terapi sempit (digoksin, fenitoin, teofilin), pasien dengan polifarmasi (pasien menerima beberapa obat untuk indikasi penyakit yang sama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 299,
"width": 440,
"height": 331,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya pada tahapan pelaksanaan, apoteker membuka komunikasi antara Apoteker dengan pasien, menulis identitas pasien (nama, jenis kelamin, tanggal lahir), nama dokter, nama obat yang diberikan, jumlah obat, aturan pakai, waktu minum obat (pagi, siang, sore, malam), Jika ada informasi tambahan lain dituliskan pada keterangan, menemui pasien/keluarga di ruang rawat atau di ruang konseling, memastikan identitas pasien dengan cara menanyakan dengan pertanyaan terbuka minimal 2 identitas: nama lengkap dan tanggal lahir, mengidentifikasi dan membantu penyelesaian masalah terkait terapi obat, dan menilai pemahaman pasien tentang penggunaan obat melalui Three Prime Questions 17 , menggali informasi lebih lanjut dengan memberi kesempatan kepada pasien untuk mengeksplo rasi masalah penggunaan obat, memberikan penjelasan kepada pasien untuk menyelesaikan masalah penggunaan obat, memberikan informasi dan edukasi obat kepada pasien/ keluarga, terutama untuk obat yang akan digunakan secara mandiri oleh pasien mengenai: indikasi, dosis, waktu dan cara minum/menggunakan obat, hasil terapi yang diharapkan, cara penyimpanan obat, efek samping obat jika diperlukan, dan hal-hal lain yang harus diperhatikan selama penggunaan obat, meminta pasien/keluarga pasien untuk mengulangi penjelasan terkait penggunaan obat yang telah disampaikan, melakukan verifikasi akhir untuk memastikan pemahaman pasien, dan apoteker mendokumentasikan konseling dengan meminta tada-tangan pasie sebagai bukti bahwa pasien memaham informasi yang diberikan dalam konseling.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 640,
"width": 150,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Pemantauan Terapi Obat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 663,
"width": 440,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Merupakan proses yang memastikan bahwa seorang pasien mendapatkan terapi Obat yang efektif dan terjangkau dengan memaksimalkan efikasi dan meminimalkan efek samping. Pemantauan Terapi Obat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 741,
"width": 453,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17 Yaitu: apa yang disampaikan dokter tentang obat anda?, apa yang dijelaskan oleh dokter tentang cara pemakaian obat anda?, dan apa yang dijelaskan oleh dokter tentang hasil yang diharapkan setelah anda menerima terapi obat tersebut?.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 47,
"width": 179,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan hlm,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "128",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 47,
"width": 50,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "128~131",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 70,
"width": 440,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "efektivitas terapi dan meminimalkan risiko Reaksi Obat yang Tidak Dikehendaki (ROTD), meminimalkan biaya pengobatan, menghormati pilihan pasien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 106,
"width": 441,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kegiatan tahapan pemantauan terapi obat, meliputi tahapan persiapan yakni melakukan seleksi pasien yang bertujuan untuk menentukan prioritas pasien yang akan dipantau mengingat keterbatasan jumlah apoteker. Seleksi dapat dilakukan berdasarkan pada kondisi pasien, misalnya apakah pasien dengan multidiagnosis; pasien dengan polifarmasi; pasien kanker yang menerima terapi sitostatika; pasien dengan gangguan fungsi organ terutama hati dan ginjal; pasien geriatri dan pediatri; pasien hamil dan menyusui; dan pasien dengan perawatan intensif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 232,
"width": 440,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain seleksi pasien, di tahapan ini dilakukan klasifikasi obat, yakni menentukan jenis obat dengan risiko tinggi seperti, obat dengan indeks terapi semp it (contoh: digoksin, fenitoin); obat yang bersifat nefrotoksik (contoh: gentamisin) dan hepatotoksik (contoh: OAT); si tost atika (contoh: metotreksat); antikoagulan (contoh: warfarin, heparin); obat yang sering menimbulkan ROTD (contoh: metoklopramid, AINS); dan obat kardiovaskular (contoh: nitrogliserin). Selanjutnya apoteker melakukan tindakan seleksi kompleksitas regimen, seperti polifarmasi; variasi rute pemberian; variasi aturan pakai; dan cara pemberian khusus (contoh: inhalasi).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 376,
"width": 441,
"height": 230,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah melakukan rangkaian kegiatan persiapan, pada bagian pemantauan terapi obat dilakukan rangkaian tahapan pelaksanaan dengan rangkaian kegiatan meliputi, melakukan pemilihan pasien yang dengan sesuai criteria, memastikan kebenaran identitas pasien: dengan meminta pasien menyebutkan nama dan identitas lain, dan pengumpulan data pasien meliputi, data dasar pasien merupakan komponen penting dalam proses PTO, data yang dibutuhkan yaitu riwayat pengobatan pasien yang terdiri dari riwayat penyakit, riwayat penggunaan obat dan riwayat alergi. Data tersebut dapat diperoleh dari wawancara dengan pasien, keluarga pasien dan tenaga kesehatan lain. Semua data yang sudah diterima, dikumpulkan dan kemudian dikaji. Selanjutnya melakukan identifikasi masalah terkait obat antara lain, adanya indikasi tetapi tidak diterapi, pemberian obat tanpa indikasi, pemilihan obat yang tidak tepat, dosis terlalu tinggi , dosis terlalu rendah , terjadinya reaksi obat yang tidak diinginkan, dan terjadinya interaksi obat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 610,
"width": 439,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah melakukan identifikasi obat, apoteker menentukan prioritas masalah yang sesuai kondisi pasien dan menetukan apakah masalah tersebut sudah atau berpotensi akan terjadi. Selanjutnya apoteker memberikan rekomendasi atau rencana tindak lanjut, apoteker memberikan rekomendasi atau rencana tindak lanjut yang berisi rencana pemantauan dengan tujuan memastikan pencapaian efek terapi dan meminimalkan efek yang tidak dikehendaki, hasil identifikasi masalah terkait obat dan rekomendasi yang telah dibuat oleh Apoteker harus dikomunikasikan dengan tenaga kesehatan lain dalam rangka mengoptimal kan tujuan terapi, dan melakukan dokumentasi pelaksanaan pemantauan terapi obat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "129",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 46,
"width": 72,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2775-362X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 70,
"width": 187,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Monotoring Efek Samping Obat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 94,
"width": 440,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Merupakan kegiatan pemantauan setiap respon terhadap obat yang merugikan atau tidak diharapkan yang terjadi pada dosis normal yang digunakan pada manusia untuk tujuan profilaksis 18 , diagnosis 19 dan terapi atau memodifikasi fungsi fisiologis 20 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 148,
"width": 441,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Monotoring efek samping obat bertujuan untuk menemukan Efek Samping Obat (ESO) sedini mungkin terutama yang berat, tidak dikenal, frekuensinya jarang; menentukan frekuensi dan insidensi ESO yang sudah dikenal dan yang baru saja ditemukan; mengenal semua faktor yang mungkin dapat menimbulkan/ mempengaruhi angka kejadian dan hebatnya ESO; meminimalkan risiko kejadian reaksi obat yang tidak dikehendaki ; dan mencegah terulangnya kejadian reaksi obat yang tidak dikehendaki.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 256,
"width": 439,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Persiapan dengan kegiatan melakukan pendataan ESO Apotek, referensi ESO, resep dan obat pasien. Selanjutnya apoteker melakukan kegiatan pelaksanaaan yang meliputi tindakan mengidentifikasi obat dan pasien yang mempunyai risiko tinggi mengalami efek samping obat, melaporkan ke Pusat Monitoring Efek Samping Obat Nasional 21 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 357,
"width": 99,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "D. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 384,
"width": 456,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keberadaan UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan telah meneguhkan keberadaan Apoteker sebagai tenaga kesehatan di Indonesia yang dilengkapi dengan hak-hak yang melekat padanya. Selain itu keberadaan UU No 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan semakin mengukuhkan penguatan Apoteker dalam layanan kefarmasian yakni dengan diberikannya kewenangan yang cukup luas. Akan tetapi agar tidak terjadi tindakan penyalahgunaan wewenang, Apoteker diberikan batasan (kewajiban) sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam kode etik Apoteker Indonesia yang mencakup kewajiban umum, kewajiban apoteker kepada pasien, kewajiban apoteker kepada teman sejawat dan kewajiban apoteker kepada tenaga kesehatan lainnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 551,
"width": 453,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18 Profilaksis memiliki arti pencegahan dan dapat dibedakan sebagai profilaksis primer, profilaksis sekunder, atau eradikasi. Profilaksis infeksi primer mengacu pada pencegahan infeksi awal. Profilaksis sekunder mengacu pada pencegahan kekambuhan atau reaktivasi infeksi yang sudah ada. Eradikasi mengacu pada elimi- nasi organisme yang melakukan kolonisasi untuk mencegah berkembang menjadi infeksi. Lihat: Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM, Perl TM, Auwaerter PG, Bolon MK, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013;70(3):195-283. doi: 10.2146/ajhp120568 19 Diagnosis berarti penentuan sesuatu penyakit dengan menilik atau memeriksa gejalanya. Lihat: Mulya- di, Diagnosis Kesulitan Belajar & Bimbingan Terhadap Kesulitan Belajar Khusus, Yogyakarta: Nuha Litera, 2009, hlm. 01 20 . Kata physiology juga berasal dari bahasa Yunani (Greek) yaitu ilmu yang mempelajari bagaimana suatu organisme melakukan fungsi utamanya. Fisiologi secara makna kata dari Bahasa Latin, berasal dari kata “Fisis” (Physis) adalah alam atau cara kerja. “Logos” (Logi) adalah ilmu pengetahuan. Maka fisiologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari faal atau pekerjaan atau fungsi dari tiap-tiap jaringan tubuh atau bagian dari alat-alat tubuh dan fungsinya. Lihat: Miftahul Jannah Ayu Sari, Modul Pembelajaran Anatomi Fisiologi Tubuh Manusia Dan Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (Rps) Pendidikan Biologi, Makalah Fakultas Terbiyah Dan Keguruan Universitas Islam Neg- eri Raden Intan Lampung, 2021, hlm. ii.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 711,
"width": 453,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21 Pemantauan dan Pelaporan Efek Samping Obat (ESO) meliputi Siapa yang melapor- kan? Apa yang perlu dilaporkan? Bagaimana cara melapor? Karakteristik laporan efek samping obat yang baik Informasi yang diperlukan dalam Formulir efek samping obat Kapan melaporkan? Analisis Kausalitas Kategori Kausalitas WHO Algortima Naranjo dan Confidentiality. Lebih detailnya dapat dilihat: Direktorat Penga- wasan Distribusi Produk Terapetik Dan PKRT Badan Pom RI, Monitoring Efek Samping Obat (MESO) Bagi Tenaga Kesehatan, Jakarta, 2012, hlm. 1-34",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 47,
"width": 179,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan hlm,",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "130",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 47,
"width": 50,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "130~131",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 70,
"width": 455,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keberadaan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 73 tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek yang meliputi pengkajian dan pelayanan resep; dispensing; pelayanan informasi obat; konseling; pemantauan terapi obat; monotoring efek samping obat; dan monotoring efek samping obat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 142,
"width": 457,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keberadaan Permenkes tersebut adalah kebijakan progressif pemerintah dalam menjaga kualitas hubungan antara apoteker dengan pasien, mengingat pelayanan kefarmasian merupakan suatu pelayanan secara langsung dan bertanggung jawab kepada pasien yang berkaitan dengan sediaan farmasi dengan maksud untuk mencapai hasil yang pasti dalam capaian peningkatan mutu kehidupan pasien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 244,
"width": 113,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 275,
"width": 30,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buku",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 295,
"width": 457,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Direktorat Pengawasan Distribusi Produk Terapetik Dan PKRT Badan Pom RI, Monitoring Efek Samping Obat (MESO) Bagi Tenaga Kesehatan , Jakarta, 2012 Magdaline Engko Sosialine, Apt. M. Biomed, Petunjuk Tekhnis Pelayanan Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian Di Apotik, Kementrian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta, 2019",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 365,
"width": 452,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mulyadi, Diagnosis Kesulitan Belajar & Bimbingan Terhadap Kesulitan Belajar Khusus, Yogyakarta: Nuha Litera, 2009",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 399,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Triwara, Bambang, and Zurbandi. Kode Etik Apoteker Indonesia dan Implementasi Jabaran Kode Etik . Jakarta, 2015",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 434,
"width": 36,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 454,
"width": 453,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DW Bratzler, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM, Perl TM, Auwaerter PG, Bolon MK, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013;70(3):195-283. doi: 10.2146/ajhp120568",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 505,
"width": 80,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Makalah/Skripsi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 524,
"width": 456,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Miftahul Jannah Ayu Sari, Modul Pembelajaran Anatomi Fisiologi Tubuh Manusia Dan Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (Rps) Pendidikan Biologi, Makalah Fakultas Terbiyah Dan Keguruan Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 573,
"width": 453,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andi Asrul Fajri, Evaluasi Persepsi Masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan Terhadap Peran Dan Eksistensi Profesi Apoteker, Skripsi, UIN Alauddin Makassar, 2001",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 613,
"width": 206,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Undang-Undang/Peraturan-Peraturan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 632,
"width": 451,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 51 Tahun 2009 tentang Pekerjaan Kefarmasian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 693,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 73 tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 728,
"width": 451,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1027/MENKES/SK/X/2004 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Farmasi di Rumah Sakit",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "131",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 46,
"width": 72,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2775-362X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 70,
"width": 453,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Surat Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 41846/KMB/121 tertanggal 16 September",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 85,
"width": 26,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1965",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 110,
"width": 42,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 130,
"width": 449,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://kimiafarma.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=36&Ite mid=171&lang=id. Di akses pada tanggal 25 Mei 20220.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 165,
"width": 352,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.iai.id/page/sejarah. Di akses pada tanggal 26 Mei 2022",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
b1ccf09d-2652-d910-5f79-a8daf9a4b4c4 | https://e-journal.unper.ac.id/index.php/PHARMACOSCRIPT/article/download/1282/909 | [
{
"left": 65,
"top": 73,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2 Agustus 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "176",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 137,
"width": 433,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "FAKTOR RISIKO INFEKSI SEKUNDER BAKTERI DAN POLA SENSITIVITAS ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN COVID-19 DI RUANG INTENSIF SALAH SATU",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 193,
"top": 179,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RUMAH SAKIT TIPE A DI BANDUNG",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 177,
"top": 217,
"width": 242,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tri Ratna Rejeki 1* , Lia Amalia 1 , Uun Sumardi 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 238,
"width": 248,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Kelompok Keahlian Farmakologi-Farmasi Klinik, Sekolah Farmasi, Institut Teknologi Bandung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 279,
"width": 326,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, RSUP Hasan Sadikin Bandung *Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 323,
"width": 409,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received: 03/06/2023 , Revised: 21/07/2023 , Accepted: 21/07/2023, Published: 31/08/2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 366,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 388,
"width": 470,
"height": 287,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pasien COVID-19 dapat mengalami infeksi sekunder selama perawatan di rumah sakit. Infeksi virus pada saluran pernafasan dapat menjadi predisposisi infeksi sekunder bakteri yang dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya infeksi sekunder pada pasien COVID-19 dengan prevalensi yang bervariasi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memberikan gambaran kejadian infeksi sekunder, menganalisis faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan kejadian infeksi sekunder, dan mengidentifikasi bakteri serta pola kepekaannya terhadap antibiotik pada pasien COVID-19 di Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Penelitian ini merupakan dekskriptif analitik dengan metode cross sectional menggunakan data retrospektif di salah satu rumah sakit tipe A di Bandung pada periode Maret 2020-Februari 2022. Sebanyak 302 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 38,41% subjek mengalami infeksi sekunder bakteri. Bakteri Gram negatif yang paling banyak diidentifikasi pada sputum yaitu Acinetobacter baumannii (56,03%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (38,79%), dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9,48%). Sedangkan bakteri Gram positif yang diidentifikasi yaitu Staphylococcus haemolyticus (11,21%), Staphylococcus hominis (3,45%) , dan Streptococcus mitis (2,59%). Antibiotik dengan sensitivitas tertinggi terhadap bakteri Gram negatif pada subjek yaitu amikasin dan tigesiklin. Sedangkan terhadap bakteri Gram positif pada subjek yaitu vankomisin, linezolid, tetrasiklin dan tigesiklin. Infeksi sekunder bakteri pada penelitian ini paling banyak disebabkan oleh bakteri Gram negatif. Infeksi sekunder bakteri berhubungan dengan riwayat penggunaan antibiotik, riwayat hospitalisasi, penggunaan ventilator dan penyakit diabetes melitus. Pola sensitivitas antibiotik dapat menjadi pedoman dalam memilih antibiotik yang sesuai untuk infeksi sekunder bakteri pada pasien COVID-19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 677,
"width": 445,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci : infeksi sekunder, bakteri, COVID-19, faktor risiko, antibiotik, pola sensitivitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 267,
"top": 703,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 725,
"width": 470,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "COVID-19 patients might develop secondary infections during hospitalization. Viral infections of the respiratory tract can predispose to secondary bacterial infections, which can increase morbidity and mortality. Several studies have reported secondary infections in COVID-19",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 67,
"width": 227,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rejeki et al./Pharmacoscript, Volume 6, No, 2, Agustus 2023, 176-192",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 286,
"top": 86,
"width": 216,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Safitri.,et al./Pharmacoscript, Volume 1, No. 2, Februari 2019, 1-12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 73,
"width": 452,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rejeki et al.;Faktor Risiko Infeksi Sekunder Bakteri…..Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2, Agustus 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "177",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 135,
"width": 470,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "patients with varying prevalence. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of secondary infections, analyze the risk factors associated with secondary infections, and identify bacteria and their patterns of sensitivity to antibiotics in COVID-19 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This study was a descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach using retrospective data at a type A hospital in Bandung for the period March 2020 to February 2022. A total of 302 subjects with inclusion criteria. The results showed that 38.41% of the subjects had secondary bacterial infections. The most common gram-negative bacteria found in sputum are Acinetobacter baumannii (56.03%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (38.79%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.48%). While the gram-positive bacteria found are Staphylococcus haemolyticus (11.21%), Staphylococcus hominis (3.45%), and Streptococcus mitis (2.59%). Antibiotics with the highest sensitivity to gram-negative bacteria in subjects are amikacin and tigecycline. Meanwhile, antibiotics for gram-positive bacteria are vancomycin, linezolid, tetracycline, and tigecycline. Secondary bacterial infections in this study were mostly caused by gram-negative bacteria. Secondary bacterial infections are associated with a history of antibiotic use, hospitalization, the use of ventilators, and diabetes mellitus. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns can be a guideline for selecting appropriate antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 370,
"width": 470,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords : secondary infection, bacteria, COVID-19, risk factor, antibiotic, susceptibility pattern",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 412,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 433,
"width": 218,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "COVID-19 merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus SAR-COV-2. Infeksi virus dapat membuat pasien rentan terhadap infeksi bakteri yang seringkali memiliki prognosis dan tingkat keparahan yang lebih buruk (Feldman & Anderson, 2021) . Infeksi sekunder diidentifikasi sebagai komplikasi dari infeksi virus yang dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas (Zhou et al., 2020). Infeksi sekunder akan berdampak pada luaran klinis pasien dan meningkatkan perawatan di Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (Bazaid et al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 723,
"width": 218,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Infeksi sekunder terjadi setelah pasien terinfeksi SARS-COV-2 yang disebabkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 412,
"width": 218,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "oleh patogen lain (Musuuza et al., 2021). Infeksi sekunder dikonfirmasi secara mikrobiologi setelah 48 jam di rawat di rumah sakit (Russell et al., 2021). Penelitian yang dilakukan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta melaporkan 14,5% pasien COVID- 19 mengalami infeksi sekunder bakteri selama dirawat di rumah sakit, kematian diamati pada 56,8% kelompok dengan infeksi sekunder dan 11% kelompok tanpa infeksi sekunder (Lie KC et al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 640,
"width": 219,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian lain melaporkan bahwa lebih dari 50% strain Multidrug-resistant (MDR) dan strain Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) ditemukan pada Acinetobacter baumannii dan Klebsiella pneumoniae yang diisolasi dari pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di ICU",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 73,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2 Agustus 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "178",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 122,
"width": 218,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dengan proporsi yang jauh lebih tinggi setelah pandemi daripada sebelum pandemi (Karataş et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 184,
"width": 218,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran kejadian infeksi sekunder, menganalisis faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan infeksi sekunder, dan mengidentifikasi bakteri serta pola kepekaannya terhadap antibiotik pada pasien COVID-19 di ICU.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 350,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 371,
"width": 218,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain studi cross sectional menggunakan data retrospektif tahun 2020-2022 di salah satu rumah sakit tipe A di Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 474,
"width": 114,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Subjek Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 495,
"width": 218,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Populasi pasien COVID-19 di salah satu Rumah Sakit Tipe A di Bandung periode Maret 2020-Februari 2022 yaitu 503. Kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian ini yaitu pasien COVID-19 yang dikonfirmasi dengan Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), usia ≥ 18 tahun, dirawat di Intensive Care Unit COVID selama periode Maret 2020 - Februari 2022, mencantumkan hasil pemeriksaan mikrobiologi, sedangkan kriteria eksklusi meliputi pasien hamil, pasien dengan HIV,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 122,
"width": 218,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pasien dengan sindrom defisiensi imun dan pasien dengan Tuberkulosis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 164,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Teknik Pengambilan Sampel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 184,
"width": 218,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu 503 subjek. Perhitungan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan margin error 5%, sehingga diperoleh sampel minimal yang dapat merepresentasikan populasi di ruang ICU salah satu RS Tipe A di Bandung yaitu 222, pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis pada 302 subjek penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 412,
"width": 124,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Pengumpulan Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 433,
"width": 219,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data dikumpulkan dari rekam medis pasien meliputi data umum pasien, data penyakit komorbid, data penggunaan antibiotik, data pemeriksaan laboratorium, pemeriksaan kultur bakteri, dan sensitivitas antibiotik. Pola bakteri dan kepekaan bakteri terhadap antibiotik diambil dari spesimen sputum dan darah. Hasil uji sensitivitas antimikroba dinyatakan sensitive, intermediate dan resistant.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 640,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 661,
"width": 219,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis data menggunakan minitab 2023. Analisis bivariat karakteristik subjek dengan dan tanpa infeksi sekunder, serta faktor risiko menggunakan chi-square .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 73,
"width": 452,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rejeki et al.;Faktor Risiko Infeksi Sekunder Bakteri…..Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2, Agustus 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "179",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 136,
"width": 154,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 156,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini memperoleh izin etik dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 177,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Komisi Etik Penelitian Universitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 198,
"width": 218,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Padjadjaran sesuai dengan surat nomor 1198/UN6.KEP/EC/2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 239,
"width": 167,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Karakteristik Dasar Subjek",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 260,
"width": 218,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebanyak 302 rekam medis pasien yang dirawat di ICU dianalis. Karakteristik dasar subjek dapat dilihat pada tabel 1. Ditemukan bahwa 116 subjek (38,41%) mengalami infeksi sekunder bakteri. Hasil penelitian sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 136,
"width": 218,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pada pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di ICU salah satu rumah sakit di Saudi Arabia dari 314 pasien COVID-19 kritis 42,4% mengalami infeksi sekunder (Alshrefy et al., 2022). Penelitian lain melaporkan 36,3% pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di ICU mengalami infeksi sekunder (De Santis et al., 2022). Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Karaca melaporkan 37% infeksi sekunder pada pasien COVID-19 diidentifikasi sebagai infeksi nosokomial (Karaca et al., 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 384,
"width": 225,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Karakteristik Dasar Subjek Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 404,
"width": 460,
"height": 267,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Parameter Dengan Infeksi Sekunder Tanpa Infeksi Sekunder p- value Frekuensi (n=116) Persentase (%) Frekuensi (n=186) Persentase (%) Usia (tahun) 56,03 ± 15,69 18 - < 60 57 49,14 87 46,77 0,489 ≥ 60 59 50,86 99 53,22 Jenis Kelamin Laki-laki 73 62,93 106 56,99 0,307 Perempuan 43 37,07 87 43,01 Alat Bantu Pernafasan Ventilasi mekanik 80 68,97 86 46,24 <0,001 Tidak 36 31,03 100 53,76 Riwayat Merokok Merokok 55 47,41 94 49,46 0,597 Tidak Merokok 61 52,29 92 50,54 Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Underweight 3 2,59 5 2,69 0,449 Normal 61 52,59 115 61,83 Overweight 25 21,55 32 17,2 Obesitas 27 23,27 34 18,28",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 687,
"width": 221,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan usia pada kedua kelompok didominasi subjek dengan usia ≥60 tahun. Pasien lanjut usia memiliki kekebalan lebih buruk sehingga lebih rentan terhadap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 687,
"width": 218,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "COVID-19. Laporan awal dari China menunjukkan keparahan penyakit dan kematian pada pasien dengan usia >60 tahun. Dibandingkan dengan pasien dewasa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 73,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2 Agustus 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "180",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 122,
"width": 218,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "yang lebih muda, pasien lanjut usia menunjukkan peningkatan kebutuhan perawatan ICU dan ventilasi mekanik (Liu et al., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 205,
"width": 218,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada kedua kelompok, didominasi oleh subjek yang tidak merokok. Data tersebut selaras dengan penelitian lain prevalensi infeksi COVID-19 pada perokok lebih rendah daripada yang tidak merokok (Young-Wolff et al., 2023). Sementara penelitian lain melaporkan perokok",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 122,
"width": 219,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memiliki 1,91 kali kemungkinan mengalami COVID-19 yang parah dibandingkan dengan yang tidak pernah merokok (Patanavanich & Glantz, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 205,
"width": 219,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan kategori indeks massa tubuh, pada kedua kelompok didominasi oleh subjek dengan kategori gizi normal. Karakteristik dasar subjek penelitian berdasarkan faktor risiko penyakit dapat dilihat pada tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 350,
"width": 405,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2. Karakteristik Dasar Subjek Penelitian Berdasarkan Faktor Risiko Penyakit",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 675,
"width": 218,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riwayat penyakit diabetes melitus pada subjek dengan infeksi sekunder bakteri (yaitu 33,62%) lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan subjek tanpa infeksi sekunder bakteri (yaitu 22,04%). Kedua kelompok",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 675,
"width": 218,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berbeda bermakna (p=0,027). Penyakit diabetes melitus rentan mengalami infeksi SARS-COV2. Kontrol glikemik yang buruk berhubungan dengan gangguan respon imun terhadap infeksi virus dan dapat menjadi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 385,
"width": 447,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Parameter Dengan Infeksi Sekunder Tanpa Infeksi Sekunder p-value Frekuensi (n=116) Persentase (%) Frekuensi (n=186) Persentase (%) Diabetes melitus Ada 39 33,62 41 22,04 0,027 Tidak 77 66,38 145 77,96 Hipertensi Ada 34 29,3 40 21,5 0,125 Tidak 82 70,7 146 78,5 Penyakit Jantung Hipertensi Ada 23 19,83 46 24,73 0,324 Tidak 93 80,17 140 75,27 Keganasan/kanker Ada 7 6,03 4 2,15 0,080 Tidak 109 93,97 182 97,85 Stroke Ada 4 3,45 1 0,54 0,054 Tidak 112 96,55 185 99,46 PPOK Ada 25 21,55 46 24,73 0,526 Tidak 91 78,45 140 75,27",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 73,
"width": 452,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rejeki et al.;Faktor Risiko Infeksi Sekunder Bakteri…..Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2, Agustus 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "181",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 136,
"width": 218,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "perdisposisi infeksi bakteri sekunder (Khan et al., 2020). Penelitian lain melaporkan, riwayat diabetes melitus, dosis kumulatif kortikosteroid yang diberikan di ICU, dan jenis kelamin laki-laki diiidentifikasi sebagai faktor risiko infeksi sekunder pada pasien COVID-19 (De Bruyn et al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 136,
"width": 219,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penyakit hipertensi, penyakit jantung hipertensi, keganasan/kanker, stroke, dan PPOK pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 218,
"width": 6,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ".",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 280,
"width": 468,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3. Karakteristik Dasar Subjek Penelitian Berdasarkan Lama Rawat, Riwayat Perawatan Sebelumnya, Penggunaan Antibiotik dan Luaran",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 317,
"width": 460,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Parameter Dengan Infeksi Sekunder Tanpa Infeksi Sekunder p value Frekuensi (n=116) Persentase (%) Frekuensi (n=186) Persentase (%) Lama rawat 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 >20 15 27 36 22 16 12,93 23,28 31,03 18,97 13,79 87 47 29 12 11 46,77 25,27 15,59 6,45 5,91 <0,0001 Riwayat Perawatan Sebelumnya Ya Tidak 74 47 63,79 36,21 51 135 27,42 72,58 <0,0001 Riwayat Penggunaan Antibiotik Ya Tidak 77 39 66,38 33,62 53 133 28,5 71,5 <0,0001 Luaran Perbaikan Meninggal 57 59 49,13 50,86 135 51 72,58 27,42 <0,0001",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 571,
"width": 218,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3 menunjukkan subjek dengan infeksi sekunder bakteri, lama rawat tertinggi ada pada kategori 11-15 hari (yaitu 31,03%), sedangkan subjek tanpa infeksi sekunder, lama rawat tertinggi ada pada kategori 1-5 hari (yaitu 6,77%). Kedua kelompok berbeda bermakna (p value<0,0001). Hasil penelitian ini selaras dengan hasil penelitian lain bahwa pasien yang terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 571,
"width": 218,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "superinfeksi memiliki lama tinggal di rumah sakit yang lebih lama dan mortalitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien SARS-CoV-2 tanpa superinfeksi (Garcia- Vidal et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 675,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebagian besar subjek dengan infeksi sekunder memiliki riwayat perawatan sebelumnya dan riwayat penggunaan antibiotik dibandingkan dengan subjek tanpa infeksi sekunder. Riwayat perawatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 73,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2 Agustus 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "182",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 122,
"width": 218,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sebelumnya merupakan riwayat rujukan dari rumah sakit lain dan riwayat subjek yang mengalami perburukan di ruang isolasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 184,
"width": 218,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Subjek dengan infeksi sekunder bakteri sebanyak 50,86% meninggal sedangkan pada subjek tanpa infeksi sekunder, pasien yang meninggal sebanyak 27,42%. Kedua kelompok berbeda bermakna (p value<0,0001). Hal ini selaras dengan penelitian lain mortalitas pasien COVID-19 dengan koinfeksi atau kolonisasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien tanpa koinfeksi atau kolonisasi dan membutuhkan perawatan di ICU lebih lama (Baskaran et al., 2021). Pasien dengan koinfeksi atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 122,
"width": 219,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "superinfeksi memiliki kemungkinan kematian yang lebih tinggi daripada pasien yang hanya terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 (Musuuza et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 205,
"width": 218,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Faktor Risiko Kejadian Infeksi Sekunder",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 246,
"width": 219,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan uji bivariat regresi logistik pada tabel 4, pada penelitian ini terlihat riwayat penggunaan antibiotik, riwayat hospitalisasi, penggunaan ventilator, dan penyakit diabetes melitus berpengaruh terhadap kejadian infeksi sekunder pada pasien COVID-19 dengan p value <0,05, sehingga dapat diurutkan sebagai faktor risiko kejadian infeksi sekunder bakteri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 576,
"width": 154,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan: CI = Confidence Interval",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 588,
"width": 292,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "% = persentase terhadap jumlah subjek dengan infeksi sekunder bakteri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 466,
"width": 319,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Bivariat Regresi Logistik dengan p value<0,05",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 493,
"width": 445,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Faktor Risiko Odd Ratio 95% Cl p value Lower Upper Riwayat penggunaan antibiotik 4,9545 3,0058 8,1666 <0,001 Riwayat perawatan/hospitalisasi 4,6639 2,8369 7,6675 <0,001 Penggunaan ventilator mekanik 2,584 1,5867 4,208 <0,001 Penyakit diabetes melitus 1,7913 1,0668 3,0077 0,027",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 73,
"width": 452,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rejeki et al.;Faktor Risiko Infeksi Sekunder Bakteri…..Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2, Agustus 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "183",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 408,
"width": 218,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Subjek dengan riwayat penggunaan antibiotik mempunyai peluang 4,9 kali, subjek dengan riwayat hospitalisasi mempunyai peluang 4,6 kali, subjek yang menggunakan ventilator mekanik mempunyai peluang 2,5 kali dan subjek dengan penyakit diabetes mempunyai peluang 1,7 kali berisiko mengalami infeksi sekunder bakteri. Penelitian lain melaporkan faktor risiko infeksi sekunder yaitu penggunaan ventilasi mekanik, penggunaan steroid dan lama tinggal di ICU (Pasero et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 677,
"width": 218,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada tabel 5, bakteri Gram negatif yang paling banyak diidentifikasi pada sputum dan darah yaitu Acinetobacter baumannii (56,03%;20,34%),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 760,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Klebsiella pneumoniae (38,79%;1,72%),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 408,
"width": 218,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9,48%;1,72%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa beberapa pasien dapat mengalami multipel infeksi dari jenis bakteri yang berbeda.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 491,
"width": 218,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Beberapa penelitian melaporkan, bakteri Gram negatif lebih banyak teridentifikasi daripada Gram positif. Mikroorganisme yang diisolasi adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 574,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Acinetobacter baumannii (26,7%),",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 594,
"width": 221,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Klebsiella pneumoniae (24%), dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%) (Suranadi et al., 2022). Sebuah studi multisenter dilakukan di 36 ICU Eropa, mengidentifikasi bakteri basil Gram negatif sebagai bakteri paling umum penyebab pneumonia sekunder pada pasien COVID- 19 (Rouzé et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 155,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 5. Distribusi Bakteri Gram negatif",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 182,
"width": 447,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bakteri Sputum Darah Sputum dan Darah n % n % n % Acinetobacter baumannii 65 56,03 12 10,34 12 10,34% Klebsiella pneumoniae 45 38,79 2 1,72 0 0 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 9,48 2 1,72 0 0 Eschericia colli 9 7,76 0 0 0 0 Enterobacter cloacae 7 6,03 0 0 0 0 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 8 6,90 0 0 0 0 Serratia marcescens 2 1,72 0 0 0 0 Achromobacter xylosoxidans 1 0,86 0 0 0 0 Pantoea agglomerans 1 0,86 0 0 0 0 Proteus mirabilis 1 0,86 0 0 0 0 Providencia rettgeri 1 0,86 0 0 0 0 Enterobacter aerogenes 0 0 1 0,86 0 0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 372,
"width": 75,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan: n = jumlah isolat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 73,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2 Agustus 2023",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "184",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 122,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 6. Distribusi Bakteri Gram positif",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 149,
"width": 457,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bakteri Sputum Darah Sputum dan Darah n % n % n % Staphylococcus haemolyticus 13 11,21 9 7,76 2 1,72 Staphylococcus hominis 4 3,45 2 1,72 0 0 Staphylococcus epidermidis 1 0,86 4 3,45 0 0 Coagulase negatif Staphylococcus 0 0 2 1,72 0 0 Staphylococcus aureus 1 0 0 0 0 0 Staphylococcus capiti 0 0 1 0,86 0 0 Staphylococcus lugdunensis 0 0 1 0,86 0 0 Streptococcus mitis 3 2,59 0 0 0 0 Streptococcus pyogenes 0 0 1 0,86 0 0 Enterococcus faecalis 0 0 4 3,45 0 0 Enterococcus faecium 0 0 1 0,86 0 0 Keterangan:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 338,
"width": 75,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "n = jumlah isolat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 349,
"width": 289,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "% = persentase terhadap jumlah subjek dengan infeksi sekunder bakteri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 374,
"width": 218,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada subjek yang sama ditemukan Acinetobacter baumannii dari spesimen sputum dan darah, hal ini menandakan terjadi translokasi bakteri dari paru-paru ke darah sehingga menyebabkan infeksi aliran darah sekunder. Kejadian infeksi aliran darah pada pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di ICU lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien yang tidak terinfeksi COVID-19, seperti yang dilaporkan dalam studi kohort bahwa prevalensi infeksi aliran darah pada periode sebelum COVID-19 adalah 3,8 kali lebih rendah (Cataldo et al., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 643,
"width": 218,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada tabel 6 dapat dilihat, bakteri Gram positif yang paling banyak ditemukan pada spesimen sputum yaitu Staphylococcus haemolyticus (11,21%) , Staphylococcus hominis (3,45%), dan Streptococcus mitis (2,59%). Sedangkan pada spesimen darah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 374,
"width": 219,
"height": 383,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "yaitu Staphylococcus haemolyticus (7,76%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3,45%), dan Enterococcus faecalis (3,45%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bakteri Gram negatif lebih banyak ditemukan dibandingkan dengan bakteri Gram positif. Hal ini menandakan infeksi yang terjadi disebabkan oleh bakteri nosokomial (Santoso et al., 2022). Infeksi nosokomial merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada 33% pasien yang meninggal di ICU (Bardi et al., 2021). Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumanii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , dan Enterobacter (ESKAPE) merupakan patogen penyebab infeksi nosokomial paling banyak (Rice, 2008). Bakteri Gram negatif paling banyak diisolasi pada infeksi nosokomial yang didapat pasien COVID-19 dan dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 73,
"width": 452,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rejeki et al.;Faktor Risiko Infeksi Sekunder Bakteri…..Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2, Agustus 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "185",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 136,
"width": 218,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "meningkatkan lawa rawat (Suranadi et al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 177,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Pola Kepekaan Antibiotik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 198,
"width": 218,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pola bakteri Gram negatif dan kepekaan antibiotik dapat dilihat pada tabel 7. Berdasarkan hasil uji kepekaan antimikroba pada pasien COVID-19 di ruang intensif dari spesimen sputum, Acinetobacter baumannii sensitif terhadap tigesiklin (73,85%) dan amikasin (52,31%). Pola kepekaan Acinetobacter baumannii menunjukkan kecenderungan mengalami MDR dengan persentase sensitivitas 0-36% pada sebagian besar antibiotik yang diujikan. Acinetobacter baumannii menjadi salah satu patogen yang sulit dikendalikan disebabkan oleh tingginya resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik (Ibrahim et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 508,
"width": 218,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Klebsiella pneumoniae sensitif terhadap tigesiklin (80%), amikasin (71,11%) dan meropenem (51,11%),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 550,
"width": 218,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitif terhadap tigesiklin",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 591,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(81,82%) dan amikasin (72,73%).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 612,
"width": 218,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Eschericia coli sensitif terhadap amikasin, tigesiklin, ertapenem, meropenem, dan sefepim. Enterobacter cloacae sensitif terhadap tigesiklin, ertapenem, meropenem, amikasin, piperasilin tazobaktam,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 715,
"width": 218,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "aztreonam, dan sefepim. Dibandingkan dengan antibiogram di ruang intensif rumah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 136,
"width": 219,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sakit tersebut periode Juli 2017 - Desember 2018 terdapat penurunan % sensitivitas meropenem terhadap Acinetobacter baumanni , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Eschericia coli, dan Enterobacter cloacae . Pada periode sebelum COVID-19, sensitivitas meropenem pada bakteri Gram negatif masih >50%, kecuali pada Acinetobacter baumannii yaitu 27% dan 23% pada Enterobacter cloacae..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 73,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2 Agustus 2023",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "186",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 122,
"width": 294,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 7. Pola Bakteri Gram negatif dan Kepekaan Antibiotik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 145,
"width": 457,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Antibiotik Acinetobacter baumannii Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Eschericia coli Enterobacter cloacae N=65 N=45 N=11 N=9 N=7 n % S n % S n % S n % S n % S Amikasin 34 52,31 32 71,11 8 72,73 9 100 6 85,71 Ampisilin sulbaktam 7 10,77 15 33,33 N A NA 0 0 0 0 Aztreonam NA NA 10 22,22 3 27,27 3 33,33 5 71,43 Sefepim 4 6,15 22 48,89 4 36,36 6 66,67 4 57,14 Sefotaksim NA NA 14 31,11 N A NA 0 0 2 28,57 Levofloksasin NA NA NA NA 11",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 287,
"width": 457,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "100 NA NA NA NA Seftazidim 4 6,15 18 40,00 4 36,36 0 0 3 42,86 Seftriakson NA NA 6 13,33 0 0 0 0 2 28,57 Siprofloksasin 3 4,62 8 17,78 4 36,36 0 0 3 42,86 Ertapenem NA NA 20 44,44 N A NA 9 100 7 100 Gentamisin 4 6,15 4 8,89 0 0,00 3 33,33 2 28,57 Meropenem 6 9,23 23 51,11 3 27,27 7 77,78 7 100 Piperasilin tazobactam 0 0,00 13 28,89 3 27,27 3 33,33 6 85,71 Tigesiklin 48 73,85 36 80,00 9 81,82 9 100 7 100 Kotrimoksazol 24 36,92 13 28,89 3 27,27 0 0 4 57,14",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 439,
"width": 51,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 451,
"width": 285,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "N = jumlah subjek dengan isolat bakteri tertentu n = jumlah isolat bakteri yang masih sensitif terhadap antimikroba % = persentase isolat bakteri yang masih sensitif terhadap antimikroba",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 498,
"width": 218,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil uji kepekaan antibiotik pada bakteri Gram positif dapat dilihat pada tabel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 540,
"width": 12,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 540,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Staphylococcus haemolyticus,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 560,
"width": 218,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis dan Streptococcus mitis sensitif terhadap linezolid, tetrasiklin, tigesiklin dan vankomisin. Sedangkan Streptococcus mitis sensitif terhadap vankomisin, linezolid, dan tigesiklin. Tidak terdapat perbedaan antibiogram pada periode penelitian dan periode Juli 2017-Desember 2018. Hasil uji kepekaan antibiotik digunakan sebagai dasar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 498,
"width": 219,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pemilihan antibiotik definitif. WHO mengelompokkan antibiotik dalam kategori AWaRe ( Access, Watch, Reserve ) untuk menekan terjadinya bakteri resisten, dan mempertahankan kemanfaatan antibiotik dalam jangka panjang (Kementerian Kesehatan, 2021). Berdasarkan kategori AWaRe, tetrasiklin termasuk kategori Access, penggunaan antibiotik kategori ini berdasarkan pada panduan penggunaan antibiotik yang berlaku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 73,
"width": 452,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rejeki et al.;Faktor Risiko Infeksi Sekunder Bakteri…..Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2, Agustus 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "187",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 135,
"width": 291,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 8. Pola Bakteri Gram positif dan Kepekaan Antibiotik",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 158,
"width": 447,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Antibiotik Staphylococcus haemolyticus Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus hominis Streptococcus mitis N=13 N=1 N=4 N=3 n % S n % S n % S n % S Gentamisin 6 46,15 0 0 0 0 NA NA Linezolid 12 92,31 1 100 4 100 3 100 Siprofloksasin 2 15,38 1 100 0 0 0 0 Klindamisin 3 23,08 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eritromisin 2 15,38 0 0 0 0 1 33,33 Tetrasiklin 11 84,62 1 100 4 100 2 66,67 Tigesiklin 12 92,31 1 100 4 100 2 66,67 Kotrimoksazol 7 53,85 0 0 4 100 0 0 Vankomisin 12 92,31 1 100 4 100 3 100 Sefotaksim 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 33,33 Seftriakson 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 33,33 Keterangan:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 362,
"width": 285,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "N = jumlah subjek dengan isolat bakteri tertentu n = jumlah isolat bakteri yang masih sensitif terhadap antimikroba % = persentase isolat bakteri yang masih sensitif terhadap antimikroba",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 409,
"width": 218,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Amikasin dan sefepim termasuk kategori Watch . Antibiotik kelompok ini berpotensi menimbulkan resistensi sehingga diprioritaskan sebagai target utama program pengawasan dan pemantauan. Sedangkan tigesiklin, ertapenem, meropenem, piperasilin tazobaktam, aztreonam,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 554,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "linezolid, dan vankomisin termasuk kategori",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 575,
"width": 218,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Reserve . Antibiotik kelompok ini merupakan pilihan terakhir pada infeksi berat yang mengancam jiwa serta menjadi prioritas program pengendalian resistensi antimikroba secara nasional dan internasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 720,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 218,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Infeksi sekunder pada pasien COVID- 19 paling banyak disebabkan oleh bakteri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 409,
"width": 218,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gram negatif. Infeksi sekunder pada pasien COVID-19 berhubungan dengan riwayat penggunaan antibiotik, riwayat hospitalisasi, penggunaan ventilator, dan penyakit diabetes melitus. Pola sensitivitas antibiotik dapat menjadi pedoman dalam memilih antibiotik yang sesuai untuk infeksi sekunder bakteri pada pasien COVID-19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 608,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 628,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Alshrefy, A. J., Alwohaibi, R. N., Alhazzaa,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 649,
"width": 190,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "S. A., Almaimoni, R. A., Almusailet, L. I., Alqahtani, S. Y., & Alshahrani, M. S. (2022). Incidence of Bacterial and Fungal Secondary Infections in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the ICU. International Journal of General",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 73,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2 Agustus 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "188",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 122,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Medicine , 15 , 7475–7485.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 143,
"width": 218,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S38268 7 Bardi, T., Pintado, V., Gomez-Rojo, M., Escudero-Sanchez, R., Azzam Lopez, A., Diez-Remesal, Y., Castro, N. M., Ruiz-Garbajosa, P., & Pestaña, D.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 267,
"width": 190,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2021). Nosocomial infections associated to COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: clinical characteristics and outcome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , 40(3) , 495– 502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096- 020-04142-w/Published",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 412,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Baskaran, V., Lawrence, H., Lansbury, L.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 433,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E., Webb, K., Safavi, S., Zainuddin,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 454,
"width": 190,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "N. I., Huq, T., Eggleston, C., Ellis, J., Thakker, C., Charles, B., Boyd, S., Williams, T., Phillips, C., Redmore, E., Platt, S., Hamilton, E., Barr, A., Venyo, L., … Lim, W. S. (2021). Co- infection in critically ill patients with COVID-19: An observational cohort study from England. Journal of Medical Microbiology , 70 (4). https://doi.org/10.1099/JMM.0.00135",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 661,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 681,
"width": 218,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bazaid, A. S., Barnawi, H., Qanash, H., Alsaif, G., Aldarhami, A., Gattan, H., Alharbi, B., Alrashidi, A., Al-Soud, W. A., Moussa, S., & Alfouzan, F.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 122,
"width": 190,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2022). Bacterial Coinfection and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles among",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 164,
"width": 189,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms , 10 (3).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 205,
"width": 186,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganism s10030495",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 246,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cataldo, M. A., Tetaj, N., Selleri, M.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 267,
"width": 190,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marchioni, L., Capone, A., Caraffa, E., Caro, A. Di, & Petrosillo, N. (2020). Incidence of bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in COVID-19 patients in intensive care: An alarming “collateral effect.” Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance , 23 , 290–291.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 433,
"width": 183,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2020.10. 004",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 474,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Bruyn, A., Verellen, S., Bruckers, L.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 495,
"width": 190,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Geebelen, L., Callebaut, I., De Pauw, I., Stessel, B., & Dubois, J. (2022). Secondary infection in COVID-19 critically ill patients: a retrospective single-center evaluation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 578,
"width": 189,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BMC Infectious Diseases , 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022- 07192-x",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 661,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Santis, V., Corona, A., Vitale, D.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 681,
"width": 190,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nencini, C., Potalivo, A., Prete, A., Zani, G., Malfatto, A., Tritapepe, L., Taddei, S., Locatelli, A., Sambri, V., Fusari, M., & Singer, M. (2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 73,
"width": 452,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rejeki et al.;Faktor Risiko Infeksi Sekunder Bakteri…..Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2, Agustus 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "189",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 136,
"width": 190,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bacterial infections in critically ill patients with SARS-2-COVID-19 infection: results of a prospective observational multicenter study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 218,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Infection , 50 (1), 139–148.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 239,
"width": 174,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-021- 01661-2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 281,
"width": 218,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Feldman, C., & Anderson, R. (2021). The role o f co-infections and secondary infections in patients with COVID-19. Pneumonia ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 343,
"width": 32,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "13 (1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 364,
"width": 174,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s41479-021- 00083-w",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 405,
"width": 218,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Garcia-Vidal, C., Sanjuan, G., Moreno- García, E., Puerta-Alcalde, P., Garcia- Pouton, N., Chumbita, M., Fernandez- Pittol, M., Pitart, C., Inciarte, A., Bodro, M., Morata, L., Ambrosioni, J., Grafia, I., Meira, F., Macaya, I., Cardozo, C., Casals, C., Tellez, A., Castro, P., … Torres, A. (2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 571,
"width": 190,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Incidence of co-infections and superinfections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 633,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "retrospective cohort study. Clinical",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 654,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Microbiology and Infection , 27 (1),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 674,
"width": 36,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "83–88.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 695,
"width": 183,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07. 041",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 736,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ibrahim, S., Al-Saryi, N., Al-Kadmy, I. M.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 757,
"width": 187,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "S., & Aziz, S. N. (2021). Multidrug-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 136,
"width": 190,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as an emerging concern in hospitals. In Molecular Biology Reports (Vol. 48, Issue 10, pp. 6987–6998). Springer Science and Business Media B.V. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021- 06690-6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 281,
"width": 219,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Karaca, B., Aksun, M., Karahan, N. A., Girgin, S., Ormen, B., Tuzen, A. S., Demirdal, T., & Sencan, A. (2023). Are bacterial coinfections really rare in COVID-19 intensive care units?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 384,
"width": 189,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "European Journal of Medical Research ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 503,
"top": 405,
"width": 32,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "28 (1).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 426,
"width": 174,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023- 01004-x",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 464,
"width": 218,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Karataş, M., Yaşar-Duman, M., Tünger, A.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 485,
"width": 190,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Çilli, F., Aydemir, Ş., & Özenci, V. (2021). Secondary bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance in COVID-19: comparative evaluation of pre-pandemic and pandemic-era, a retrospective single center study. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 633,
"width": 190,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "20 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-021- 00454-7",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 695,
"width": 219,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kementerian Kesehatan. (2021). Permenkes No 28 tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman Penggunaan Antibiotik .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 73,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2 Agustus 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "190",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 122,
"width": 218,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Khan, M. M. A., Khan, M. N., Mustagir, G., Rana, J., Islam, M. S., & Kabir, M. I.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 164,
"width": 190,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2020). Effects of underlying morbidities on the occurrence of deaths in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Global Health , 10 (2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.02050",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 288,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 309,
"width": 218,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lie KC, Sharifah Shakinah, Adeline Pasaribu, Robert Sinto, & Leonard Nainggolan. (2022). Observational study on secondary bacterial Infection and the Use of Antibiotics in cOVID- 19 Patients treated in a tertiary referral Hospital. Acta Med Indones - Indones J Intern Med , 54 , 161–169.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 474,
"width": 218,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Liu, K., Chen, Y., Lin, R., & Han, K. (2020). Clinical features of COVID-",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 516,
"width": 190,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "19 in elderly patients: A comparison with young and middle-aged patients. In Journal of Infection (Vol. 80, Issue",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 578,
"width": 190,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6, pp. e14–e18). W.B. Saunders Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 619,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "005",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 640,
"width": 218,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Musuuza, J. S., Watson, L., Parmasad, V., Putman-Buehler, N., Christensen, L.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 681,
"width": 190,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "& Safdar, N. (2021). Prevalence and outcomes of co-infection and superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens: A systematic review",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 122,
"width": 189,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "and metaanalysis. PLoS ONE , 16 (5 May).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 164,
"width": 183,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0 251170",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 205,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pasero, D., Cossu, A. P., & Terragni, P.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 226,
"width": 190,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2021). Multi-drug resistance bacterial infections in critically ill patients admitted with COVID-19. In",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 288,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Microorganisms (Vol. 9, Issue 8).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 309,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "MDPI AG.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 329,
"width": 186,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganism s9081773",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 371,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Patanavanich, R., & Glantz, S. A. (2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 391,
"width": 190,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Smoking is associated with COVID- 19 progression: A meta-analysis. In Nicotine and Tobacco Research (Vol. 22, Issue 9, pp. 1653–1656). Oxford",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 474,
"width": 54,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "University",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 474,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa082 Rice, L. B. (2008). Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens: No ESKAPE. In Journal of Infectious Diseases (Vol. 197, Issue 8, pp. 1079–1081).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 619,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1086/533452",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 640,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rouzé, A., Martin-Loeches, I., Povoa, P.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 661,
"width": 190,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Makris, D., Artigas, A., Bouchereau, M., Lambiotte, F., Metzelard, M., Cuchet, P., Boulle Geronimi, C., Labruyere, M., Tamion, F., Nyunga, M., Luyt, C. E., Labreuche, J., Pouly,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 73,
"width": 452,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rejeki et al.;Faktor Risiko Infeksi Sekunder Bakteri…..Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2, Agustus 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "191",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 133,
"width": 190,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "O., Bardin, J., Saade, A., Asfar, P., … Cilloniz, C. (2021). Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the incidence of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections: a European multicenter cohort study. Intensive Care Medicine , 47 (2), 188– 198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134- 020-06323-9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 322,
"width": 218,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Russell, C. D., Fairfield, C. J., Drake, T. M., Turtle, L., Seaton, R. A., Wootton, D. G., Sigfrid, L., Harrison, E. M., Docherty, A. B., de Silva, T. I., Egan, C., Pius, R., Hardwick, H. E., Merson, L., Girvan, M., Dunning, J., Nguyen- Van-Tam, J. S., Openshaw, P. J. M., Baillie, J. K., … Young, P. (2021). Co-infections, secondary infections, and antimicrobial use in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave from the ISARIC WHO CCP-UK study: a multicentre, prospective cohort study. The Lancet Microbe , 2 (8), e354–e365.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 633,
"width": 148,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666- 5247(21)00090-2",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 674,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santoso, P., Sung, M., Hartantri, Y.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 695,
"width": 190,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Andriyoko, B., Sugianli, A. K., Alisjahbana, B., Tjiam, J. S. L., Debora, J., Kusumawati, D., & Soeroto, A. Y. (2022). MDR",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 136,
"width": 190,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pathogens Organisms as Risk Factor of Mortality in Secondary Pulmonary Bacterial Infections Among COVID- 19 Patients: Observational Studies in Two Referral Hospitals in West Java, Indonesia. International Journal of General Medicine , 15 , 4741–4751. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S35995 9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 322,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suranadi, I. W., Sucandra, I. M. A. K.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 343,
"width": 190,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fatmawati, N. N. D., & Wisnawa, A. D. F. (2022). A Retrospective",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 384,
"width": 190,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analysis of the Bacterial Infections, Antibiotic Use, and Mortality Predictors of COVID-19 Patients. International Journal of General",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 467,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Medicine , 15 , 3591–3603.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 488,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S35118",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 508,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 529,
"width": 219,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Young-Wolff, K. C., Slama, N., Alexeeff, S. E., Sakoda, L. C., Fogelberg, R., Myers, L. C., Campbell, C. I., Adams, A. S., & Prochaska, J. J. (2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 612,
"width": 190,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tobacco Smoking and Risk of SARS- CoV-2 Infection and Disease Severity Among Adults in an Integrated Healthcare System in California. Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 73,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pharmacoscript Volume 6 No. 2 Agustus 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "192",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 122,
"width": 32,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "25 (2),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 235,
"top": 122,
"width": 48,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "211–220.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 143,
"width": 218,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntac090 Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., Guan, L., Wei, Y., Li, H., Wu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 226,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "X., Xu, J., Tu, S., Zhang, Y., Chen,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 246,
"width": 190,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H., & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 329,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The Lancet , 395 (10229), 1054–1062.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 350,
"width": 148,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)30566-3",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
255b0361-5422-f0e8-9ab4-7fb236df4212 | https://jurnal.fp.umi.ac.id/index.php/agrotek/article/download/73/71 | [
{
"left": 91,
"top": 74,
"width": 432,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 730,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "63",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 117,
"width": 411,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENGELOLAAN LAHAN BERDASARKAN INDEKS BAHAYA EROSI DAN EKONOMISUB DAS PACANGKUDA HULU KOTA PALOPO",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 156,
"width": 381,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(Land Management Based on Erosion and Economic Hazard Index of Hulu Pacangkuda Watershed Palopo City)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 194,
"width": 188,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah 1 , Amir Tjoneng 2 , Saida 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 222,
"width": 250,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1) Mahasiswa Magister Agroekoteknologi PPs-UMI, Makassar Email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 245,
"width": 202,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2) Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian, UMI",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 270,
"width": 54,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 282,
"width": 444,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The main problem of damage to land resources in the Pacangkuda Hulu watershed is caused by erosion. Conversion of forest areas into cultivation areas and land management that does not apply the right soil conservation techniques is the cause. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of erosion, tolerated erosion (TSL), erosion hazard index (IBE), land management patterns and farming income in the Upper Pacangkuda watershed. This study uses a survey method of USLE method erosion prediction analysis. The results showed that the highest erosion was in shrub land use, which amounted to 696.424 tons / ha / year, while the lowest erosion was found in primary forest land use which was 2,350 tons / ha / year. The highest tolerated erosion was found in mixed plantation land use of 29.758 tons / ha / yr and the lowest was in shrub land use of 10.588 tons / ha / year. The highest erosion hazard index is found in shrub land use of 65.788 tons / ha / year with very high IBE criteria while the lowest erosion hazard index is secondary forest land use of 0.107 tons / ha / year with low IBE criteria. Land management and agrotechnology which are alternatives are Multiple cropping agriculturesystems with gulud and bangku terrace conservation actions. Income from farming based on Sayogyo is still categorized as poor to very poor with income ranging from Rp. 9,074,076, / up to Rp. 12,799,764 / year / year. Compared with income based on Palopo City of Rp. 2,200,000, the farming income is still relatively low",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 466,
"width": 278,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords : Erosion, USLE, Erosion Hazard index, soil conservation",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 488,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 512,
"width": 217,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Permasalahan utama kerusakan sumber daya lahan di daerah aliran sungai disebabkan oleh erosi. Erosi merupakan proses terlepasnya butiran tanah dari induknya disuatu tempat dan terangkutnya material tersebut oleh gerakan air atau angin kemudian diiukuti dengan pengendapan material yang terangkut di tempat yang lain (Suripin, 2004). Terjadinya erosi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 488,
"width": 220,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "menyebabkan kerusakan lahan yang meliputi kerusakan pada sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah. seperti: air sungai menjadi keruh, pendangkalan sungai dan waduk, penggerusan tebing sungai, pencucian hara tanah, menurunnya produktifitas lahan, menipisnya solum tanah, dan meluasnya lahan kritis, yang pada akhirnya berujung pada terjadinya degradasi lahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 431,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 730,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "64",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 117,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dewasa ini DAS",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 117,
"width": 217,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pacangkuda mencerminkan kondisi yang kurang baik. Konversi kawasan hutan menjadi areal budidaya sebagai salah satu penyebabnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 200,
"width": 220,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil penelitian oleh Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Kota Palopo (2012) menunjukkan bahwa luas lahan kritis di kawasan DAS Pacangkuda adalah 2.598,18 ha atau 39,09% dari total 6.646,66 luas DAS Pacangkuda secara keseluruhan. Lebih lanjut Dishut (2012) melaporkan, peran penting DAS Pacangkuda semakin berkurang karena kualitas lingkungan sekitar DAS Pacangkuda yang terus menurun, hal tersebut ditandai dengan tingkat bahaya erosi yang mencapai 141, 29 ton/ha/tahun dan sedimentasi mencapai 17,92 ton/ha/tahun",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 489,
"width": 217,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pemanfaatan lahan yang tidak sesuai kemampuannya akan menyebabkan kerusakan tanah dan lingkungan yang lebih parah. Tanpa adanya perencanaan penataan dan pengaturan penggunaan DAS kearah yang optimal memungkinkan kerusakan tanah dan lingkungan DAS secara keseluruhan akan lebih parah dimasa mendatang dan semakin meluasnya lahan yang tidak produktif. Untuk itu perlu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 117,
"width": 217,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "perencanaan dan pengaturan penggunaan lahan lahan mewujudkan penggunaan lahan yang optimal diharapkan kerusakan tanah dan lingkungan dapat ditekan seminimal mungkin dan pemanfaatan ekonomi diperoleh secara maksimal (Tjoneng, 1999).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 241,
"width": 217,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Menganalisis besarnya erosi di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu, Menganalisis erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu, Menganalisis Indeks bahaya Erosi (IBE) di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu, Menganalisis pola penggunaan lahan di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu, Menganalisis pendapatan dan usaha tani secara akual dan setelah pemilihan alternatif penggunaan lahan Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 496,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 520,
"width": 217,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penelitian mengenai “Pengelolaan Lahan Berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosidan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Kota Palopo” dilaksanakan di Sub DASPacangkuda Hulu Kota Palopo mencakup Kecamatan Sendana, Kecamatan Mungkajang dan Kecamatan Wara Bara. Alat yang di gunakan dalam penelitian antara lain, GPS, Kompas, Ring Sampel,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 74,
"width": 432,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 730,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "65",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 117,
"width": 220,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Palu, Papan, Parang, Pisau, Meteran Roll, Tali rapiah,Plastik transparan, Kertas Label, Kamera, Alat Tulis Menulis dan Seperangkat Komputer dengan Program GIS (Arcview, ArGis 10.3). Bahan yang digunakan yaitu peta penggunaan lahan, peta jenis tanah, SRTM (peta kelas lereng), dan peta batas DAS. Sedangkan data yang digunakan adalah data curah hujan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 313,
"width": 97,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengumpulan Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 344,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Tahap Pesiapan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 365,
"width": 217,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tahap ini merupakan tahap studi kepustakaan, yaitu meneliti dan mengkaji pustaka yang telah ada tentang keadaan lahan di lokasi penelitian serta data sekunder lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 489,
"width": 217,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Tahap Survey Pendahuluan Survey pendahuluan bertujuan untuk mempersiapkan survey utama yang akan dilakukan kemudian. Selain menyiapkan urusan administrasi, survey pendahuluan juga bertujuan melakukan orientasi di daerah penelitian untuk memperoleh gambaran menyeluruh tentang kondisi lapangan dan mengindetifikasi permaslahan yang mungkin didapat di lapangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 117,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Pembuatan peta Unit Lahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 137,
"width": 217,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Peta unit lahan adalah tumpang tindih ( overlay ) dari peta topografi (kelas lereng), peta jenis tanah dan peta penggunaan lahan dengan menggunakan perangkat komputer dan program ArGis 10.3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 241,
"width": 120,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Tahap Survey Utama",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 317,
"top": 262,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Pengambilan sampel tanah untuk nilai erodibilitas tanah (K). Pengambilan sampel mewakili setiap jenis tanah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 317,
"top": 324,
"width": 213,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Pengamatan vegetasi yang ada dan agroteknologi yang di terapkan di lapangan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 317,
"top": 386,
"width": 216,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Pengumpulan data sosial ekonomi dilakukan dengan metode wawancara langsung dan kuisioner. Responden dipilih secara acak dari populasi petani lahan kering secara kombinasi dan tidak mempunyai pekerjaan sampingan. Intensitas samplingditentukan 10 orang dari tiap-tiap lingkungan yangterdapat di lokasi penelitian dengan pertimbangan dapat mewakili populasi yang ada di daerah penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 614,
"width": 128,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Analisis laboratorium.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 634,
"width": 217,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sampel tanah yang didapatkan dilapangan selanjutnya dianalisis di laboratorium untuk mendapatkan nilai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 431,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 730,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "66",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 117,
"width": 217,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Faktor erodibilitas tanah. Besarnya erodibilitas tanah dipengaruhi oleh tekstur, struktur, permeabilitas dan bahan organik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 185,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Analisis Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 212,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Prediksi Erosi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 232,
"width": 217,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Prediksi erosi dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan umum kehilangan tanah yaitu Metode Wischmeier (1978) atau USLE ( universal soil loss equation ) sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 342,
"width": 118,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "A =R × K × LS × C × P",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 368,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dimana:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 387,
"width": 217,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "A=Banyaknya tanah yang tererosi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 400,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(ton/ha/tahun)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 412,
"width": 217,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "R=Erosivitas hujan adalah kemampuanhujan untuk mengerosi tanah. Nilai erosivitas hujan pada penelitian ini menggunakan data curah hujan selama 10 tahun terakhir (2006-2017). Dihitung berdasarkan persamaan Leanvin (1975 dalamBols,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 488,
"width": 159,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1978) dalam Hardjowigeno (2007).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 501,
"width": 217,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "C=Nilai faktor pengelolaan tanaman (C) merupakan nisbah antara tanah yang hilang pada pengelolaan lahan tertentu degan tanah yang hilang tanpa tanaman",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 551,
"width": 217,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "P= Nilai faktor P ditentukan berdasarkan kondisi di lapangan dimana tidak hanya tindakan konservasi tanah secara mekanik tetapi juga berbagai usaha yang bertujuan mengurangi erosi tanah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 631,
"width": 105,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "RM = 2,21 (Rain) 1,36",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 660,
"width": 46,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dimana :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 673,
"width": 214,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "RM=Erosovitas Hujan bulan (Rain): Curah hujan bulan (cm)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 117,
"width": 217,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "K=Besarnya nilai K ditentukan oleh tekstur, struktur, kandungan bahan organik, permeabilitas tanah dan kemantapan struktur tanah. Nilai erodibiltas (K) dihitung dengan menggunaakan persamaan Wischmeier dan Smith (1978) : 100 K = 1,292 [2,1 M 1,14 (10) (12-a) + 3,25(b-2) + 2,5 (c-3)]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 271,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dimana :",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 291,
"width": 217,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "M = Persentase pasir sangat halus dan debu (diameter 0,1- 0,05 dan 0,05-0,02mm) x (100%liat) a = Persentase Bahan Organik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 342,
"width": 136,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b = Kode struktur tanah c = Kelas permeabilitas tanah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 367,
"width": 217,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "LS=Faktor panjang dan kemiringan lereng dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data ketetapan nilai LS berdasarkan Departemen Kehutanan Tabel 1. Penilaian Kelas Lereng Kelas Lereng (%) Keterangan Nilai LS I 0 - 8 Datar 0.40 II 8 - 15 Landai 1.40 III 15 - 25 Agak curam 3.10 IV 25 - 40 Curam 6.80 V > 40 Sangat curam 9.20",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 525,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber : RTL-RLKT DepartemenKehutanan, 1995.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 549,
"width": 218,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan-TSL ( Tolerabel Soil Loss )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 591,
"width": 214,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Erosi yang ditoleransikan dihitung berdasarkan pendekatan Hammer (1981) dalam Asdak (2002) berdasarkan atas kedalaman ekivalen tanah dan jangka waktu kelestarian sumberdaya tanah yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 74,
"width": 432,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 730,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "67",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 117,
"width": 214,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "diharapkan. Erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan (TSL) dihitung dengan rumus :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 182,
"width": 34,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "TSL =",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 206,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dimana :",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 226,
"width": 202,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "TSL=Erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan (ton/ha/thn) KE = Kedalaman Efektif Tanah (mm) FK = Faktor Kedalaman Sub-Ordo Tanah UGT=Umur Guna Tanah (untuk kepentingan pelestarian di gunakan 400 tahun).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 296,
"width": 179,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Menentukan Indeks Bahaya Erosi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 317,
"width": 217,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indeks Bahaya Erosi (IBE) dapat ditentukan berdasarkan persamaan Wood dan Dent (1983) dalam Hardjowigeno (2007) beriku :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 404,
"width": 184,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "IBE ( )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 417,
"width": 154,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "( )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 436,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dimana :",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 456,
"width": 216,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "A = Erosi yang diperkirakan menurut USLE",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 469,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(ton/ha/tahun)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 481,
"width": 216,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "TSL=Erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan (ton/ha/tahun)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 528,
"width": 217,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indeks dikelompokkan dalam berbagai kategori seperti pada Tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 117,
"width": 446,
"height": 580,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 2. Klasifikasi Indeks Bahaya Erosi (Hammer,1981) No Nilai Indeks Bahaya Erosi Harkat 1 < 1.0 Ringan 2 1.01 – 4.0 Sedang 3 4.01 – 10 Tinggi 4 >10.01 Sangat Tinggi Sumber : Arsyad, 2010 4. Pengelolaan Tanaman dan Agroteknologi Penentuan pengelolaan tanaman dan Agroteknologi dilakukan dengan cara mengubah nilai C (tanaman) dan P (tindakan konservasi). Bila nilai erosi (A) lebih besar dari erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan (TSL) maka akan dilakukan skenario (perubahan). Maka akan dilakukan perhitungan kembali sehingga nilai erosi (A) akan lebih kecil atau sama dengan erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan (TSL). Ini dimaksudkan untuk menentukan pola tanaman apa yang sesuai dan penerapan tindakan konservasi tanah apa yang sesuai pada lahan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 427,
"width": 217,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Analisa Biaya dan Pendapatan Petani sekitar DAS Pacangkuda Hulu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 469,
"width": 217,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pendapatan bersih merupakan selisih antara penerimaan (pendapatan kotor) dengan biaya (pengeluaran total).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 531,
"width": 217,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pendapatan bersih dapat dihitung menggunakan Rumus:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 385,
"top": 578,
"width": 75,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "NR = TR – TC",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 605,
"width": 216,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dimana ; NR(Net Return) =Pendapatan Bersih (Rp) TR(TotalRevenue)=TotalPenerimaan(Rp) TC (Total Cost) =Total Biaya yang terdiri atas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 398,
"top": 655,
"width": 132,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "biaya benih, pupuk, pestisida,tenaga kerja, penyusutan alat dan sewa lahan (Pengeluaran) (Rp)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 431,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 730,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "68",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 117,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 148,
"width": 147,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Prediksi Erosi Metode USLE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 174,
"width": 217,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan beberapa parameter pendugaan erosi pada berbagai penggunaan lahan (hutan primer, hutan sekunder, perkebunan campuran, peranian lahan kering, pertanian lahan kering campur semak dan semak/belukar), maka nilairataan laju erosi pada berbagai penggunaan lahan disajikan pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 340,
"width": 217,
"height": 363,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 3 tersebut diatas, dapat dilihat bahwa penggunaan lahan hutan primer mempunyai nilai laju erosi paling rendah diantara berbagai penggunaan lahan di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu 2,350 ton/ha/tahun. Sedangkan untuk nilai laju erosi terbesar terlihat pada penggunaan lahan semak/belukar yakni 696,424 ton/ha/tahun. Tingginya laju erosi yang terjadi pada satuan penggunaan lahan berkaitan dengan penutupan lahannya yaitu vegetasi yang memiliki kerapatan tajuk yang rendah dibandingkan hutan yang memiliki tajuk dan kerapatan yang tinggi serta tidak adanya tindakan konservasi pda lahan tersebut. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Asyad (2010) menyatakan bahawa ketinggian tajuk dan kerapatan tajuk akan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 117,
"width": 217,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "melindungi permukaan tanah terhadap besarnya pengaru esosivitas butiran-butiran hujan dalam mengurangi tumbukan yang sampai ke permukaan tanah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 206,
"width": 202,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Erosi Yang Dapat Ditoleransikan – TSL (Tolereble Soil Loss)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 239,
"width": 217,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perhitungan nilai erosi yang dapat ditoleranasikan ditentukan berdasarkan kedalaman efektif tanah, nilai faktor kedalaman sub order tanah, bobot isi tanah, dan umur guna tanah. Perbandingan nilai prediksi erosi dan TSL pada berbagai penggunaan lahan di lokasi penelitian disajikan pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 405,
"width": 217,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel tersebut menunjukkanbahwa nilai erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu dimulai dari 10,588 ton/ha/thn sampai dengan 29,758 ton/ha/thn",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 488,
"width": 217,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa erosi yang terjadi di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu sudah melebihi batas erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan sehingga dapat mengaggu produktivitas tanaman. Penentuan batas erosi yang dapat dioleransikan sangat penting diketahui agar dapat menurunkan laju erosi yang terjadi pada suatu lahan baik pertanian maupun non pertanian. Hal ini sesuai yang dikemukakan Kartasapoertra, dkk (1988) menyatakan bahwa penentuan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 74,
"width": 432,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 730,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "69",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 117,
"width": 217,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "batas erosi yang diperbolehkan sangat penting bagi usaha-usaha pertanian sehingga diketahui cara-cara pengelolaan lahan yang tepat untuk mengurangi erosi yang melewati batas yang diperbolehkan sehingga kelangsungan usaha pertanian berjalan dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 139,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indeks Bahaya Erosi (IBE)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 294,
"width": 217,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indeks bahaya erosi ditentukan dengan membandingkan jumlah tanah yang tererosi dan besar erosi yang ditoleransikan. Tujuan menentukan tingkat bahaya erosi yaitu untuk mengetahui sejauh mana erosi yang terjadi akan membahayakan kelestarian produktivitas tanah.Nilai Indeks Bahaya erosi di Sub DAS Pcangkuda Hulu dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 481,
"width": 217,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 3 menunjukkan kriteria indeks bahaya erosi harkat rendah yaitu < 1,0 pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 117,
"width": 220,
"height": 363,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "penggunaan lahan hutan primer dengan nilai sebesar 0,107 dan penggunaan hutan sekunder 0,402 . Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa kawasan hutan di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu perlu dipertahankan. Sedangkan pada penggunaan lahan perkebunan campuran menunjukkan kriteria rata-rata indeks bahaya erosi pada harkat yang sangat tinggi yaitu >10,417. Pada penggunaan lahan pertanian lahan kering menunjukkan indeks bahaya erosi pada harkat sangat tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 13,370, Pada penggunaan pertanian lahan kering bercampur semak menunjukkan indeks bahaya erosi pada harkat sangat tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 39,023 dan penggunaan semak/belukar menunjukkan indeks bahaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 521,
"width": 407,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 3. Rekapan Rataan Indeks Bahaya Erosi di Berbagai Penggunaan Lahan Sub DAS Pacangkuda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 541,
"width": 429,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PL Erosi (ton/ha/th) TSL (ton/ha/th) KET. Indeks Bahaya Erosi Kriteria IBE Luas ha % Hp 2,35 22,031 Tidak Rusak 0,107 Ringan 1.796,463 45,53 Hs 8,65 21,506 Tidak Rusak 0,402 Ringan 574,626 14,56 Pk 309,98 29,758 Rusak 10,417 Sangat Tinggi 519,022 13,15 Pl 202,22 15,125 Rusak 13,370 Sangat Tinggi 29,503 0,75 Pc 654,42 16,784 Rusak 39,023 Sangat Tinggi 345,305 8,75 S 696,42 10,588 Rusak 65,778 Sangat Tinggi 680,705 17,25",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 647,
"width": 276,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber : Data sekunder setelah diolah dan Hasil Analisis SIG, 2018",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 669,
"width": 444,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keterangan : PL = Penggunaan Lahan, Hp= Hutan Primer, Hs = Hutan Sekunder, Pk=Perkebunan Campuran, Pl = Pertanian Lahan Kering,Pc = Pertanian lahan kering campur semak, S= Semak/Belukar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 431,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 730,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "70",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 117,
"width": 220,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Erosi pada harkat sangat tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 65,778. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa erosi yang terjadi di Sub DAS Pacangkuda lebih besar dibandingakan dengan erosi yang ditoleransikan yang dapat membahayakan kelestarian produktivitas lahan sehingga perlu memperhatikan vegetasi dan penerapan tindakan konservasi tanah dan air.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 345,
"width": 159,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pola Tanam dan Agroteknologi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 365,
"width": 217,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di lokasi penelitian, pola tanam yang diterapkan oleh petani adalah pola tanam yang tidak tetap dan tidak teratur dimana penanaman tanaman sampingan disisipkan diantara tanaman utama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 489,
"width": 220,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penentukan alternatif pola tanam dan agroteknologi di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu dilakukan dengan cara membandingan erosi yang terjadi dengan besarnya erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan (TSL). Diupayakan hasil prediksi erosi lebih kecil atau sama dengan erosi yang ditoleransikan dengan mengsimulasikan nilai C, P atau CP sehingga diperoleh alternatif pola tanam dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 117,
"width": 217,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "agroteknologi optimal yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi ekonomi maupun sosial budaya petani setempat sehingga terbentuk pertanian yang berkelanjutan. Pola tanam dan pengelolaan tanah yang direkomendasikan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 262,
"width": 217,
"height": 383,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4 menunjukkan bahwa dengan penerapan pola tanam perkebunan dengan penutupan rapat dan penerapan teknik konservasi teras gulud, teras bangku di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu, maka besarnya erosi yang terjadi lebih kecil atau sama dengan nilai erosi yang ditoleransikan. Hal ini sesuai pendapat Bukhari, dkk (2014) dalam Pasaribu, dkk (2017) yang menyatakan untuk mengantisipasi atau meminimalisirkan laju erosi dilahan tersebut perlu dilakukan upaya praktek konservasi untuk menekan laju erosi seperti melakukan penanaman dengan lajur memotong lereng atau searah dengan garis kontur. Selain itu juga bisa dilakukan pemilihan jenis tanaman yang memiliki nilai faktor (C) yang kecil sehingga dapat memperkecil laju erosi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 74,
"width": 432,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 730,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "71",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 444,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4. Alternatif Pola Tanam dan Agroteknologi pada Berbagai Penggunaan Lahan di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 152,
"width": 446,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PL Nilai CP Erosi Aktual (ton/ha/thn) TSL (ton/ha/thn) Pola Tanam Dan Agroteknologi Nilai CP Erosi Perbaikan (ton/ha/thn) IBE Kriteria IBE Pk 0,2 309,98 29,758 PK. Rapat + TB 0,004 21,698 0,163 Ringan Pt 0,2 202,22 15,125 PK. Rapat + TB 0,004 14.155 0,120 Ringan Pc 0,4 654,42 16,784 PK. Rapat + TB 0,004 12,837 0,590 Ringan S 0,3 696,42 10,588 Sengon disertai semak + TG 0,00168 3,900 0,115 Ringan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 247,
"width": 444,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keterangan : PL = Penggunaan Lahan, Hp= Hutan Primer, Hs = Hutan Sekunder, Pk=Perkebunan Campuran, Pl = Pertanian Lahan Kering, Pc = Pertanian lahan kering campur semak, S= Semak/Belukar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 291,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Analisis Biaya dan Pendapatan Usaha tani",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 311,
"width": 217,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan pola tanam aktual yang diterapkan oleh petani setempat, maka perlu dilakukan analisis finansial untuk mengetahui pendapatan yang diperoleh petani dalam satu bulan. Hasil analisis biaya dan pendapatan petani untuk pola lahan aktual pada kebun campuran, pertanian lahan kering dan pertanian lahan kering bercampur semak disajikan pada Tabel 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 291,
"width": 217,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "mengetahui pendapatan yang diperoleh petani dalam satu bulan. Hasil analisis biaya dan pendapatan petani untuk pola lahan aktual pada kebun campuran, pertanian lahan kering dan pertanian lahan kering bercampur semak disajikan pada Tabel 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 416,
"width": 217,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 5 menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan bersih untuk pola tanam Kebun campuran dengan luas 1 Ha adalah Rp 1.011.554,-,-kk/ha/bln atau setara dengan Rp 12.138.648,- kk/ha/thn. Pendapatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 530,
"width": 444,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 5. Hasil analisis biaya dan Pendapatan untuk pola tanam Aktual pada Penggunaan Lahan di SubDAS PacangkudaHulu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 571,
"width": 393,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PenggunaanLahan Pola Tanam Pendapatan bersih (Rp/KK/bln) Pk Tanaman tahunan 1.011.554,- Pt Tanaman tahunan 1.011.554,- Pc Tanaman tahunan dan Semak 760.925,-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 638,
"width": 120,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber : Hasil Analisis, 2018",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 660,
"width": 444,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keterangan PK = Perkebunan Campuran, Pt = Pertanian Lahan Kering, Pc = Pertanian Lahan Kering Campur Semak,S = Semak/Belukar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 431,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 730,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "72",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 117,
"width": 217,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bersih pada pola lahan kering campur semak adalah Rp760.925,-/bln atau setara dengan Rp 9.131.100,- kk/ha/thn",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 179,
"width": 217,
"height": 363,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jika analisis kelayakan berdasarkan standar kebutuhan fisik minimum dan hidup layak ditentukan berdasarkan kebutuhan beras per kepala keluarga dan harga beras yang berlaku di daerah tersebut. Maka pendapatan bersih ini lebih kecil (termasuk kategori miskin hingga miskin sekali ) dari garis kemiskinan perkotaan yang didasarkan pada beras yaitu 480 kg, dimana harga beras pada lokasi penelitian Rp 10.000/kg. berdasarkan rata-rata jumlah tanggungan keluarga 4 orang, maka diperoleh standar kemiskinan Rp 19.200.000,/kk/thn atau setara dengan Rp 4.800.000,/org/thn. Dan jika dibandingkan dengan pendapatan berdasarkan upah minimum Kota Palopo yakni Rp 2.200.000,-/org/bln atau setara Rp 26.400.000,-/org/thn maka pendapatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 117,
"width": 216,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "petani masih relatif rendah yaitu dibawah UMR Kota Palopo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 158,
"width": 217,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Untuk itu diperlukan perbaikan pola tanam dan agroteknologi pada pola tanam perkebunan campuran dan pertanian lahan kering campur semak. pola yang diterapkan harus menekan erosi dan meningkatkan pendapatan petani, sehingga didapat nilai erosi yang lebih kecil atau sama dengan dari erosi yang ditoleransikan agar produktivitas lahan dapat dipertahankan yang nantinya akan terjadi peningkatan pendapatan usaha tani diatas upah minimum kota palopo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 386,
"width": 217,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil analisis finansial untuk pola tanam dan agroteknologi yang yang sebaiknya diterapkan pada kebun campuran, pertanian lahan kering, dan pertanian lahan kering campur semak. Maka hasil analisis pendapatan untuk pola tanam alernatif pada kebun campuran, pertanian lahan kering, pertanian lahan kering campur semak disajikan pada Tabel 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 572,
"width": 429,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Table 6. Hasil analisis pendapatan untuk berbagai tipe alternatif pola tanam di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 601,
"width": 442,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tipe Petani Pola Tanam Alternatif Pendapatan bersih (Rp/KK/bln) Tipe A Durian + Kakao 6.080.705,- Tipe B Durian + Cengkeh 5.306.603,- Tipe C Durian + Kakao+ Duku 9.856.671,- Tipe D Durian + Cengkeh + Duku 9.082.569,- Tipe E Sengon+ Kakao 5.508.208,- Sumber : Data sekunder setelah diolah, 2018",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 431,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 517,
"top": 730,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "73",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 117,
"width": 217,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis biaya dan pendapatan untuk berbagai tipe alternatif pola tanam pada di Sub DAS Pacangkuda hulu pada Tabel 6 terlihat bahwa pola tanam tipe A hingga tipe C memperoleh pendapatan bersih diatas gasri kemiskinan perkotaan yang didasarkan pada beras yaitu 480 kg dengan tanggungan 4 orang dan dibandingkan dengan pendapatan berdasarkan upah minimum regional Kota Palopo Rp 2.200.000,- maka pendapatan petani masih lebih besar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 372,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 398,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Besarnya erosi yang terjadi di Sub DAS",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 419,
"width": 198,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pacangkuda sangat beragam yaitu pada penutupan lahan hutan primer sebesar 2,350 ton/ha/tahun, hutan sekunder sebesar 8,646 ton/ha/tahun, perkebunan campuran sebesar 309.976 ton/ha/tahun, pertanian lahan kering sebesar 202,221 ton/ha/tahun, pertanian lahan kering bercampur semak sebesar 654,951 ton/ha/tahun, serta semak/belukar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 605,
"width": 146,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "sebesar 696,424 ton/ha/tahun.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 626,
"width": 217,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Besarnya erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan di Sub DAS Pacangkuda yaitu pada penutupan lahan hutan primer sebesar 22.031 ton/ha/tahun",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 117,
"width": 197,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "hutan sekunder sebesar 21.506 ton/ha/tahun, perkebunan campuran sebesar 29.758 ton/ha/tahun, pertanian lahan kering sebesar 15.125 ton/ha/tahun, pertanian lahan kering bercampur semak sebesar 16.784 ton/ha/tahun, dan semak/belukar sebesar 10.588 ton/ha/tahun",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 282,
"width": 217,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Indeks bahaya erosi yang terjadi pada berbagai penggunaan lahan di Sub DAS Pacangkuda hulu menunjukkan kriteria rendah hingga sangat tinggi. Kriteria rendah pada penggunaan lahan hutan primer dan sekunder sedangkan untuk kriteria sangat tinggi yaitu pada penggunaan lahan perkebunan campuran, pertanian lahan kering, pertanian lahan kering bercampur semak serta semak/belukar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 510,
"width": 217,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Pola pengelolaan lahan yang menjadi alternatif pada berbagai penggunaan lahan di Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu adalah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 593,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Pengelolaan tanaman",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 593,
"width": 181,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dan agroteknologi yang menjadi alternatif pada penggunaan lahan perkebunan campuran adalah pola tanam perkebunan rapat dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 74,
"width": 432,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 730,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "74",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 730,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 117,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "tindakan konservasi Teras Bangku",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 137,
"width": 199,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Baik b. Pengelolaan tanaman dan agroteknologi yang menjadi alternatif pada penggunaan lahan pertanian lahan kering adalah pola tanam perkebunan rapat dengan tindakan konservasi Teras Bangku Baik",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 303,
"width": 199,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Pengelolaan tanaman dan agroteknologi yang menjadi alternatif pada penggunaan lahan pertanian lahan kering bercampur dengan semak adalah perkebunan rapat dengan tindakan konservasi Teras Bangku Baik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 448,
"width": 199,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "d. Pengelolaan tanaman dan agroteknologi yang menjadi alternatif pada penggunaan lahan semak adalah penanaman sengon campur semak dengan tindakan konservasi teras gulud",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 572,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Pendapatan usaha tani Sub DAS",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 593,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pacangkuda Hulu adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 614,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Pendapatan Aktual, berdasarkan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 634,
"width": 180,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sajogyo dikategorikan Miskin hingga miskin sekali dimana pendapatanya berkisar",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 285,
"top": 676,
"width": 17,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Rp",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 117,
"width": 92,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "9.131.100,-/kk/thn",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 117,
"width": 179,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "hingga Rp 12.138.648,-/kk/thn. Dibandingkan dengan pendapatan bersadarkan UMR Kota Palopo, maka pendapatan usaha tani masih relatif rendah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 241,
"width": 197,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Pendapatan Setelah perbaikan, berdasarkan Sajogyo dikategorikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 282,
"width": 179,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Miskin pendapatanya berkisar Rp 63.679.236-/kk/thn hingga Rp",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 324,
"width": 179,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "118.280.052,-/kk/thn. Dibandingkan dengan pendapatan bersadarkan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 365,
"width": 179,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "UMR Kota Palopo, maka pendapatan usaha tani masih lebih besar/diatas pendapatan UMR Kota Palopo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 365,
"top": 454,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 481,
"width": 217,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Asdak, C., 2002. Hidrologi dan Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai . Gadjah Mada University Press:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 522,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Yogyakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 536,
"width": 217,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Arsyad, S., 1989. Konservasi Tanah dan Air . Penerbit. IPB/IPB Pros. Cetakan ketiga. Darmaga, Bogor",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 577,
"width": 218,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "_______, 2010. Konservasi Tanah dan Air . Penerbit. IPB/IPB Pros. Cetakanketiga. Darmaga, Bogor Departemen Kehutanan, 2009. Peraturan Mentri Kehutanan Nomor P32/MENHUT-II/2009. Tentang Tata",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 660,
"width": 188,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Cara penyusunan Perencanaan teknik Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan Daerah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 74,
"width": 432,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurhapisah : Pengelolaan Lahan berdasarkan Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Ekonomi Sub DAS Pacangkuda Hulu Palopo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 728,
"width": 160,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Agrotek Vol. 3 No. 1 Maret 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 728,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "75",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 117,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Aliran Sungai (RTKRHL-DAS). Jakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 130,
"width": 216,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "_______,1995. Rencana Teknik Lapangan Rehabilitasi Lahan dan Konservasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 158,
"width": 217,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tanah Sub DAS KAO . Sub Balai Rehabilitasi lahan dan Konservasi Tanah Maluku Hardjowigeno, W., Sarwono. 2007. Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan dan Perencanaan Tataguna Lahan . Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 217,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kartasapoetra, 1988. Teknologi Konservasi Tanah dan Air . Rineka Cipta: Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 296,
"width": 217,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pasaribu, Parlin Hotmartua, 2018. Kajian Tingkat Bahaya Erosi Untuk Arahan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 324,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Konservasi tanah pada berbagai Tipe",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 117,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penggunaan Lahan di Kecamatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 130,
"width": 188,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Merdeka Kabupaten Karo.Jurnal Geografi Vol. 10 No.1. Program Stidi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan Pasacasarjana USU Medan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 199,
"width": 217,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Suripin, 2004. Pelestarian Sumber Daya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 213,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tanah dan air . Penerbit Andi:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 227,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 241,
"width": 217,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tjoneng, Amir, 1999. Kajian Optimalisasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 255,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penggunaan Lahan di Daerah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 268,
"width": 188,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tangkapan Datara Kawasan Bili-Bili Sulawesi Selatan . Disertasi Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
a642f4a1-92d0-edde-38e1-1c592dd1b803 | https://jurnal.pknstan.ac.id/index.php/KUAT/article/download/1751/977 | [
{
"left": 209,
"top": 734,
"width": 331,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "© 2022 Segala bentuk plagiarisme dan penyalahgunaan hak kekayaan intelektual akibat diterbitkannya paper pengabdian masyarakat ini sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab penulis.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 82,
"width": 159,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH SEBAGAI SUMBER WIRAUSAHA BARU",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 134,
"width": 157,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "DALAM MENGHASILKAN PRODUK KERAJINAN OLAHAN SAMPAH BERBASIS SOCIAL TECHNOPRENEUR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 230,
"width": 146,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Dwi Septiani 1* , Suciati Muanifah 2 , Silvia Sari 3 , Muliyani 4 , Akhirul",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 252,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Mahfudyanto 5",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 286,
"width": 144,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "1*) Magister Akuntansi, Universitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 297,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Pamulang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 308,
"width": 142,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "2) Magister Akuntansi, Universitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 319,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Pamulang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 330,
"width": 142,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "3) Magister Akuntansi, Universitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 341,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Pamulang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 352,
"width": 143,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "4) Magister Akuntansi, Universitas Pamulang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 374,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "5) Magister Akuntansi, Universitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 385,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Pamulang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 418,
"width": 151,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "*Corresponding author Dwi Septiani Email : [email protected]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 82,
"width": 56,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Abstraksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 107,
"width": 304,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Bank Sampah Asri Berseri terletak di Perumahan Griya Pamulang Asri, Benda Baru, Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten. Bank Sampah Asri Berseri, sebagai salah satu UKM yang merupakan Socialpreneur dalam menjalankan usahanya, menggunakan konsep pengumpulan Aerob Composter, Recycling dan Metering Exchange Point (KTT). Jenis-jenis sampah yang diolah ialah kemasan plastik, botol, kaca, kresek, karton, kertas kosong, koran dan kertas buram, kaleng, besi, aluminium, seng, dll. Permasalahan yang dihadapi Bank Sampah Asri Berseri antara lain: 1) Peningkatan produk olahan kreatif dari sampah; 2) Perluasan pemasaran dengan konsep social ecopreneur ; dan, 3) Peningkatan manajemen usaha. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada dan potensi mitra binaan, para pengabdi memutuskan untuk mengikuti Program Pemanfaatan Sampah sebagai sumber wirausaha baru dalam produksi produk sampah olahan berbasis social technopreneurs di Bank Sampah Asri Berseri. Solusi program tahap selanjutnya, yaitu1) Konsultasi. 2) pelatihan dan pembekalan; 3) percontohan, 4) pendidikan bisnis, 5) pelatihan produksi, dan 6) bantuan pemasaran. Sebagai hasil dari kegiatan ini, kelompok usaha Bank Sampah Asri Berseri berkembang di bidang pengolahan produk pembuangan sampah yang kompetitif, sehingga meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga dan menciptakan rumah yang asri dan layak huni.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 303,
"width": 301,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Kata kunci: Bank Sampah, Kerajinan, Sampah, Social Technopreneur, Wirausaha, .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 342,
"width": 52,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 367,
"width": 303,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Asri Berseri Garbage Bank is located in Griya Pamulang Asri Housing, Benda Baru, Pamulang, South Tangerang City, Banten. Asri Berseri Waste Bank, as one of the SMEs which is a Socialpreneur in running its business, uses the concept of Aerob Composter collection, Recycling and Metering Exchange Point (KTT). The types of waste that are processed are: Plastic packaging, bottles, glass, crackle, cardboard, blank paper, newspapers and opaque paper, cans, iron, aluminum, zinc, etc. The problems faced by the Asri Berseri Garbage Bank include: 1) Increasing creative processed products from waste; 2) Marketing expansion with the concept of social ecopreneur; and, 3) Improved business management. Based on the existing problems and the potential of the fostered partners, the enthusiasts decided to join the Waste Utilization Program as a source of new entrepreneurs in the production of processed waste products based on social technopreneurs at the Asri Berseri Garbage Bank. Below are the next stage program solutions, results and performance indicators. 1) Consultation. 2) training and debriefing; 3) pilot, 4) business education, 5) production training, 6) marketing assistance. As a result of these activities, the Asri Berseri Waste Bank business group developed in the field of processing competitive waste disposal products, thereby increasing family income and creating beautiful and livable houses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 563,
"width": 304,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Keywords : Garbage Bank, Garbage, Entrepreneur, Craft, Social",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 573,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Technopreneur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 605,
"width": 194,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "© 2022 Penerbit PKN STAN Press. All rights reserved",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 57,
"width": 427,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Septiani, dkk, Jurnal Keuagan Umum dan Akuntansi Terapan, Volume 4 Nomor 2 , Bulan November Tahun 2022 : Halaman 113",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 734,
"width": 331,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "© 2022 Segala bentuk plagiarisme dan penyalahgunaan hak kekayaan intelektual akibat diterbitkannya paper pengabdian masyarakat ini sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab penulis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 71,
"width": 67,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 237,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Sampah adalah sisa buangan dari suatu produk atau barang yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi, tetapi masih dapat didaur ulang menjadi barang yang bernilai. Sampah menjadi masalah pelik jika tidak ditangani dengan baik (Rosdiana, 2021). Pada aktivitas sehari-hari, kita pasti menggunakan produk- produk dalam kemasan. Kemasan-kemasan tersebut tidak akan habis digunakan bahkan dibuang menjadi limbah rumah tangga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 181,
"width": 232,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Semakin banyaknya kemasan-kemasan yang tidak terpakai tersebut sebenarnya bisa dikelola dengan baik agar tidak hanya menjadi limbah, bahkan dapat menghadirkan keuntungan-keuntungan. Keuntungan dari pengolahan limbah dapat digunakan sebagai tabungan yang sewaktu-waktu dibutuhkan dalam situasi darurat atau sebagai dana cadangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 269,
"width": 232,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Sampah plastik saat ini menjadi masalah nasional bahkan internasional, karena pengelolaan sampah yang belum optimal dan teknologi yang masih berkembang. Masalah ini kemudian menjadi cikal bakal Bank Sampah Asri Berseri. Bank Sampah Asri Berseri berusaha membentuk kelompok pendukung untuk menangani sampah plastik secara manual, tetapi hal ini tidak memuaskan karena hasilnya tidak maksimal dan pasarnya juga tidak menentu. Namun, agar pengelolaan sampah ini dapat membantu mengurangi TPA dan meningkatkan pendapatan keuangan masyarakat dari penanganan sampah rumah tangga, kreativitas harus terus dilakukan. Socio-Technopreneurs adalah mereka yang memiliki usaha dan menggunakan inovasi teknologi dalam usahanya. Bisnis tersebut merupakan solusi dari berbagai masalah di masyarakat dan memiliki sifat yang efektif secara sosial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 468,
"width": 232,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Contoh fenomenalnya adalah Gojek, contoh sukses penggunaan teknologi informasi yang tidak hanya menawarkan solusi transportasi tetapi juga peluang kerja baru. Kesempatan kerja menjadi harapan baru bagi sebagian karyawannya. Manfaat kehadiran Gojek tidak hanya dirasakan oleh pengendara atau driver Gojek, tetapi juga masyarakat umum yang membutuhkan transportasi yang terjangkau dan mudah dijangkau. Pemerintah sendiri merasa perlunya berbagai solusi IT yang dikembangkan oleh para pemuda tanah air. Pemerintah menargetkan untuk menciptakan setidaknya 200 wirausahawan sosio-teknis baru setiap tahun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 611,
"width": 232,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Bank sampah Asri Berseri adalah salah satu bank sampah yang berlokasi dekat dengan Kampus Universitas Pamulang. Kondisi aktivitas di bank sampah Asri Berseri saat ini masih pada aktivitas pengumpulan, pemisahan dan penimbangan sampah, belum ada aktivitas pengolahan sampah menjadi produk yang inovatif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 689,
"width": 232,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Adapun terdapat beberapa masalah yang dapat diidentifikasi sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 71,
"width": 233,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "1. Bagaimana memanfaatkan sampah sebagai sumber wirausaha baru? 2. Bagaimana cara menghasilkan produk kerajinan olahan sampah berbasis social- technopreneur pada Bank Sampah Asri Berseri? Berdasarkan hasil riset awal yang telah dilakukan tim pengusul, terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang kami temukan di Bank Sampah Asri Berseri diantaranya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 170,
"width": 229,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "1. Usaha Bank Sampah Asri Berseri sudah rutin melakukan pengumpulan dan penimbangan sampah, tetapi untuk usaha pengolahan sampah menjadi produk kreatif tidak kontiniu dilakukan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 225,
"width": 229,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "2. Produk olahan yang sudah pernah dilakukan tidak dipasarkan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 247,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "3. Target pasar tidak dilakukan dengan cermat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 258,
"width": 232,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Solusi yang kami tawarkan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi Bank Sampah Asri Berseri ialah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 291,
"width": 229,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "1. Melakukan penyuluhan tentang sampah sebagai sumber wirausaha baru agar para anggota dan pengurus bank sampah Asri Berseri menyadari produk kreatif dari bank sampah bisa menjadi sumber wirausaha baru dan berpeluang menjadi pendapatan sampingan, sehingga akan memunculkan minat para anggota dan pengurus bank sampah untuk melakukan usaha pengolahan sampah menjadi produk kreatif secara kontinu. Penyuluhan dilakukan dengan metode pembelajaran orang dewasa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 424,
"width": 229,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "2. Melakukan pelatihan dan percontohan produksi, dan selanjutnaya tahap pemasaran dengan menggunakan teknologi. Karena konsep social ecopreneur adalah wirausaha yang menerapkan inovasi teknologi baik dalan menghasilkan produk maupun dalam pemasaran produk. Sehingga menjadi solusi untuk permasalah yang kedua yaitu masalah pemasaran pada produk kreatif yang telah dibuat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 534,
"width": 231,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "3. Melakukan pendampingan untuk solusi pada permasalahan ketiga, karena konsep social ecopreneur tidak cukup dengan hanya melakukan percontohan tetapi juga perlu pendampingan, sehingga mereka bisa menciptakan produk sesuai dengan target pasar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 611,
"width": 232,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Luaran yang akan dihasilkan dari masing-masing solusi ialah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 633,
"width": 229,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "1. Peningkatan produk olahan kreatif dari sampah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 656,
"width": 228,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "2. Perluasan pemasaran dengan konsep social ecopreneur .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 678,
"width": 164,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "3. Peningkatan manajemen usaha.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 57,
"width": 427,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Septiani, dkk, Jurnal Keuagan Umum dan Akuntansi Terapan, Volume 4 Nomor 2 , Bulan November Tahun 2022 : Halaman 114",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 734,
"width": 331,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "© 2022 Segala bentuk plagiarisme dan penyalahgunaan hak kekayaan intelektual akibat diterbitkannya paper pengabdian masyarakat ini sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab penulis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 71,
"width": 104,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "METODE PELAKSANAAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 232,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Dalam rangka meningkatkan kewirausahaan dalam pemanfaatan sampah sebagai sumber wirausaha baru untuk menghasilkan produk olahan sampah dengan prinsip Sociopreneur dan Technopreneur bank sampah Asri Berseri dilakukan pendekatan sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 159,
"width": 54,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Penyuluhan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 170,
"width": 232,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Penyuluhan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran orang dewasa, yaitu seluruh peserta berpartisipasi aktif dalam pembinaan. Materi referensinya adalah materi bisnis untuk pemula. Kemungkinan pengolahan sampah menjadi produk kerajinan yang bernilai sesuai prinsip Zero Waste dengan konsep 3R ( Reduce, Reuse, Recycle ). Masyarakat sasaran ikut serta dalam pembuatan website dan penyebaran undangan untuk melakukan kegiatan penyuluhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 291,
"width": 162,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Pelatihan dan percontohan produksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 302,
"width": 232,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Pelatihan produksi ini dilakukan dengan metode sebagai berikut. Ada 28 peserta yang dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok. Materi yang disampaikan membahas tentang pentingnya kewirausahaan dan praktik lapangan dalam menjalankan usaha pengelolaan sampah, serta praktik lapangan dalam menghasilkan produk sampah rakyat yang diminati konsumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 402,
"width": 105,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Tahap pendampingan.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 413,
"width": 233,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Tahap ini merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan setelah kegiatan sambil memberikan dukungan manajemen bisnis dan pemasaran produk. Kegiatan pendampingan ini dilakukan secara rutin oleh tim peserta lelang yang mengikuti kegiatan tersebut. Masyarakat diharapkan dapat melanjutkan program yang telah dilaksanakan dengan tetap bekerjasama dengan mitra.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 512,
"width": 233,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Tindakan yang direncanakan untuk kegiatan ini: a. Tahap pendahuluan. Persiapan ini menitikberatkan pada penyiapan segala peralatan yang dibutuhkan untuk melaksanakan kegiatan ini, penelitian literatur dan koordinasi dengan instansi terkait dan tokoh masyarakat untuk melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian terkait pemanfaatan limbah ini sebagai sumber bagi pengusaha baru di bidang produksi. Limbah produk kerajinan berbasis social technopreneurs di Bank Sampah Asri Berseri.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 645,
"width": 229,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "b. Menentukan tempat. Pada tahap ini akan dilakukan kunjungan untuk mengetahui tempat ( place ) bantuan dan saran mengenai pemanfaatan sampah sebagai sumber bagi wirausahawan baru untuk menghasilkan produk sampah artisanal berbasis social",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 711,
"width": 195,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "technopreneurs di Bank Sampah Asri Berseri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 71,
"width": 228,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "c. Perencanaan sistem, upaya dan strategi dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan sampah sebagai sumber bagi wirausahawan baru untuk menghasilkan produk kerajinan berbasis social technopreneurs berbasis sampah di Bank Sampah Asri Berseri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 148,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Prosedur Kerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 159,
"width": 232,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Untuk melaksanakan program PKM ini, proses kerjanya adalah sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 192,
"width": 90,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "1. Tahap persiapan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 203,
"width": 195,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Langkah-langkah persiapannya antara lain:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 214,
"width": 229,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "a. Survei sebelumnya: Survei lokasi dilakukan di Bank Sampah Asri Berseri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 236,
"width": 228,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "b. Pengamatan. Setelah survei, pelaksanaan dan tujuan peserta kegiatan ditentukan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 258,
"width": 228,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "c. Rapat koordinasi tim. Pada tahap ini rapat membahas tentang pembagian kerja, pembuatan rencana pelaksanaan, dari persiapan sampai pelaksanaan, evaluasi dan penyusunan laporan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 325,
"width": 105,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "2. Tahap implementasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 336,
"width": 233,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Langkah-langkah implementasi meliputi: a. Program sosialisasi. Pada tahap awal pelaksanaan, program disosialisasikan kepada calon mitra untuk mendukung sarana prasarana di Bank Sampah Asri Berseri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 391,
"width": 229,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "b. Pelatihan/bantuan. Tahap selanjutnya, akan diadakan konsultasi daur ulang sampah sebagai sumber bagi pengusaha baru untuk menghasilkan produk olahan sampah berbasis social technopreneurship di bank sampah Asri Berseri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 468,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "3. Tahap Evaluasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 479,
"width": 232,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Tahap evaluasi adalah evaluasi setelah pelaku menyelesaikan serangkaian kegiatan sesuai dengan jadwal yang diberikan. Evaluasi ini dapat berupa perbaikan atau saran untuk pelaksanaan kegiatan yang lebih baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 545,
"width": 202,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Partisipasi mitra dalam pelaksanaan program",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 556,
"width": 232,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Keterlibatan mitra dalam pelaksanaan program PKM sangat kolaboratif, memungkinkan tim melakukan pengabdian masyarakat, memberikan informasi berupa informasi atau data yang diperlukan, hingga rencana pelaksanaan nantinya sebagai kegiatan pelatihan/pendampingan. Pembangunan infrastruktur juga memerlukan keterlibatan mitra dan pemerintah daerah/lembaga afiliasi, BUMD, pemerintah daerah, agen tenaga kerja publik dan usaha kecil dan menengah, dll.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 678,
"width": 80,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Rencana Evaluasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 689,
"width": 232,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Evaluasi kegiatan dilakukan sesuai dengan saran dari Bank Sampah Asri Berseri yaitu pengisian instrumen yang disiapkan oleh TIM PKM tentang bagaimana",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 57,
"width": 427,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Septiani, dkk, Jurnal Keuagan Umum dan Akuntansi Terapan, Volume 4 Nomor 2 , Bulan November Tahun 2022 : Halaman 115",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 734,
"width": 331,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "© 2022 Segala bentuk plagiarisme dan penyalahgunaan hak kekayaan intelektual akibat diterbitkannya paper pengabdian masyarakat ini sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab penulis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 71,
"width": 232,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "reaksi peserta PKM terhadap kegiatan PKM yang dilakukan oleh Kelompok Pengusul PKM yaitu Magister Akuntansi, Universitas Pamulang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 115,
"width": 85,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN Sosialisasi Program",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 137,
"width": 232,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Di Bank Sampah Asri Berseri, Perumahan Griya Pamulang Asri, Benda Baru, Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten, disiapkan kegiatan sosial nirlaba yang memanfaatkan sampah sebagai sumber bagi wirausahawan baru dalam pembuatan produk pengolahan sampah berbasis sosial. teknologi kegiatan untuk layanan ini. Tujuan dari kegiatan sosial ini adalah membekali seluruh pengurus bank sampah Asri Berseri dengan tujuan program PKM, permasalahan mitra, solusi penyelesaian permasalahan mitra dan tahapan pelaksanaan program PKM. Kegiatan sosialisasi PKM ini dilaksanakan pada Rabu (27/10/2021) di Bank Sampah Asri Berseri Perumahan Griya Pamulang Asri, Benda Baru, Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 325,
"width": 54,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Penyuluhan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 336,
"width": 232,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Pada hari Kamis, 28 Oktober 2021 bertempat di Bank Sampah Perumahan Griya Pamulang Asri Benda Baru, kami menyelenggarakan Kegiatan Konsultasi Program PKM Pemanfaatan Sampah Sebagai Sumber Bagi Pengusaha Baru Untuk Pembuatan Produk Olahan Sampah Berbasis Social",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 402,
"width": 232,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Technopreneurs. Kegiatan sosial ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran orang dewasa, dengan semua peserta berpartisipasi aktif dalam pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 446,
"width": 232,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Komunitas target akan bertanggung jawab untuk menyiapkan situs dan mendistribusikan undangan untuk melakukan kegiatan konseling. Materi Tambahan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 490,
"width": 232,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "1. Materi kewirausahaan untuk pelaku ekonomi pemula,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 512,
"width": 233,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "2. Menggunakan konsep 3R ( Reuse, Reuse,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 523,
"width": 218,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Recycle ) untuk mengolah limbah menjadi produk yang berkualitas dengan kemungkinan tanpa limbah. Masyarakat percaya bahwa limbah seperti Paralon bekas dan limbah kaca adalah limbah atau bahan mentah yang ada di lingkungan dan sebenarnya dapat diubah menjadi produk bernilai tinggi seperti lampu hias dari bahan baku dengan biaya ekonomi yang tinggi, seperti: Tas, pot bunga, souvenir dan produk lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 645,
"width": 201,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Pelatihan produksi dan Percontohan produksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 656,
"width": 232,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Pada hari Kamis tanggal 28 Oktober 2021 Bank Sampah Asri Berseri menyelenggarakan Kegiatan Pelatihan dan Demonstrasi Pengelolaan Sampah Berorientasi Sosial Teknologi Pengusahaan Daur Ulang (sedotan) yang dihadiri oleh anggota dan pengurus Bank Sampah Asri Berseri, Perumahan Griya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 71,
"width": 232,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Pamulang Asri, Benda Baru, Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten. Para mitra sangat tertarik untuk berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan nirlaba ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 126,
"width": 72,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Materi Kegiatan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 137,
"width": 232,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Penyampaian materi teoritis tentang daur ulang limbah sedotan bekas. Penyampaian materi tentang teknologi atau keterampilan membuat pot bunga dan produk lainnya dari limbah sedotan bekas menjadi pot bunga, dll.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 192,
"width": 237,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Selain itu, kami juga sedikit menjelaskan perihal bauran pemasaran. “ Bauran pemasaran merupakan konsep yang penting, menjadikan program pemasaran menjadi mudah dikelola dan memungkinkan pemisahan aktivitas pemasaran dari aktivitas bisnis yang lain, di samping itu, penerapan bauran pemasaran dapat meningkatkan posisi bersaing sebuah bisnis ” (Martono et al., 2022). Mitra pun menyadari, bahwasannya perlu menerima materi dasar perihal pemasaran sebagai modal untuk memasarkan produk kerajinan olahan dari limbah sampah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 336,
"width": 160,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Hasil dan Dampak Setelah Kegiatan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 347,
"width": 233,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Mitra PKM menyadari betul bahwa sampah dapat di daur ulang menjadi barang kerajinan yang bernilai dan bisa dijadikan mata pencaharian baru bagi para mitra. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini, mitra PKM mendapatkan pengetahuan baru tentang pengolahan sampah sebagai sumber wirausaha baru dalam menghasilkan produk kerajinan olahan sampah berbasis social-technopreneur . Sehingga, mitra PKM dapat menerapkan dan melaksanakan ilmu dan pengetahuan yang telah didapatkan dari kegiatan ini pada Bank Sampah Asri Berseri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 479,
"width": 56,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 490,
"width": 232,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Kelompok sasaran kegiatan pengabdian sangat antusias mengikuti kegiatan tersebut. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan para peserta untuk mengolah sampah menjadi produk yang lebih bernilai dan bahkan target audiens akan termotivasi untuk melakukannya. Kewirausahaan yang terkait dengan penjualan produk limbah olahan dipraktikkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 567,
"width": 184,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Kewirausahaan dengan konsep",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 567,
"width": 232,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Social Technopreneur merupakan proses kreativitas dan inovasi untuk menambah nilai produk yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat dan membawa kesejahteraan bagi pengusaha. Dalam hal ini, pengolahan sampah menjadi bahan baku untuk menghasilkan produk kreatif yang berkualitas. Mengembangkan kewirausahaan di komunitas ini dan menyediakan persediaan yang cukup akan meningkatkan sumber daya ekonomi dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan peserta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 57,
"width": 427,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Septiani, dkk, Jurnal Keuagan Umum dan Akuntansi Terapan, Volume 4 Nomor 2 , Bulan November Tahun 2022 : Halaman 116",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 734,
"width": 331,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "© 2022 Segala bentuk plagiarisme dan penyalahgunaan hak kekayaan intelektual akibat diterbitkannya paper pengabdian masyarakat ini sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab penulis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 71,
"width": 25,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 232,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Saran untuk pengabdi selanjutnya antara lain perlu adanya pendampingan lebih lanjut dalam pengetahuan manajemen perhitungan biaya produksi, bauran pemasaran dan lainnya. Hal ini memungkinkan kelompok sasaran untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 137,
"width": 232,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "mengembangkan usaha sedemikian rupa sehingga mereka memiliki kesempatan untuk mengolah limbah sampah menjadi produk yang lebih bernilai dan menjualnya sebagai suatu peluang usaha baru bagi mereka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 203,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 214,
"width": 229,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "https://dlh.bulelengkab.go.id/informasi/detail/artikel /pengertian-dan-pengelolaan-sampah- organik-dan-anorganik-13 https://integriti.web.id/4r-mengolah-sampah- menjadi-bermanfaat/ http://mitimahasiswa.com/2012/09/13/sosioteknopr eneur-ala-dr-edi-sukur/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 291,
"width": 232,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Koestoer, R. A., & Roihan, I. (2016, November). Unpatented grashof-incubator as a part of community-enggagement",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 313,
"width": 208,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "in mechanical engineering university of Indonesia. In Prosiding",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 336,
"width": 208,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "SENTRA (Seminar Teknologi dan Rekayasa) (No. 2, pp. 285-287).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 358,
"width": 232,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Martono, A., Ferdiansyah, F., Septiani, D., & Yuwono, A. S. (2022). PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 380,
"width": 208,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PENJUALAN NASI KEBULI INSTAN HENAYU FOODS KHUSUSNYA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19. JURNAL ABDIKARYASAKTI , 2 (1), 25-44.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 424,
"width": 232,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Permen LH nomor 13 tahun 2012 tentang pedoman pelaksanaan Reduse, Reuse dan Recycle melalui bank sampah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 457,
"width": 232,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 81 tahun 2012 tentang pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga dan sampah sejenis sampah rumah tangga Permen LH nomor 13 tahun 2012 tentang pedoman pelaksanaan Reduse, Reuse dan Recycle melalui bank sampah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 523,
"width": 233,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Rosdiana, A., & Wibowo, P. A. (2021). Program Pendampingan Daur Ulang Sampah Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Polusi Lingkungan Melalui Transformasi untuk Nilai Tambah Ekonomi. KUAT:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 567,
"width": 232,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "Keuangan Umum dan Akuntansi Terapan , 3 (2), 95-100. Undang-undang nomor 18 tahun 2008 tentang pengelolaan sampah Yonaldi, S. (2021). PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH SEBAGAI SUMBER WIRAUSAHA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 622,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "BARU DALAM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 633,
"width": 204,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 807,
"text": "MENGHASILKAN PRODUK KERAJINAN OLAHAN SAMPAH BERBASIS SOCIAL TECHNOPRENEUR PADA BANK SAMPAH PANCADAYA. Qardhul Hasan: Media Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat , 7 (2), 89-97.",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
acb306b9-0204-8e30-8ab3-cfa7e597262c | https://www.iorajournal.org/index.php/Orics/article/download/207/235 | [
{
"left": 163,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Available online at http://iorajournal.org/indx.php/orics /index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 64,
"width": 289,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Operations Research: International Conference Series",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 109,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 13-16, 2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 58,
"width": 80,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2722-0974 p-ISSN: 2723-1739",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 165,
"width": 510,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Determination of Earthquake Insurance Premium Based on Great Physical and Economic Loss Using the Bayesian Method",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 213,
"width": 385,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rezki Aulia Rahman 1* , Betty Subartini 2 , Sukono 3 , Sivaperumal Sampath 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 234,
"width": 523,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1* Mathematics Undergraduate Study Program Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 257,
"width": 389,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2,3 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 268,
"width": 201,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Faculty of Technology, VelTech University, India",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 288,
"width": 247,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "*Corresponding author email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 330,
"width": 42,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 352,
"width": 524,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia is an area prone to earthquakes because it is traversed by the meeting point of 3 tectonic plates, namely: the Indo- Australian plate, the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate. An earthquake is an event where the earth vibrates due to a sudden restraint of energy in the earth which is characterized by the breaking of rock layers in the earth's crust. Almost all regions in Indonesia are at risk of being exposed to earthquakes. To anticipate the risk of natural disasters, earthquakes are advised to join the insurance program provided by the insurance company. This study aims to determine earthquake insurance premiums based on large physical and economic losses. The method used is the Bayesian method. This method produces each estimated loss value which is then used to calculate the combined estimated loss value. After that, the combined estimated loss value is used to calculate the premium value. The result of this research is the premium which is calculated based on the principle of expected value and standard deviation principle. The premium resulting from the expected value principle is lower than the premium resulting from the standard deviation principle.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 479,
"width": 316,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Insurance, earthquake, loss estimation, Bayesian method premium.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 515,
"width": 83,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Introduction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 539,
"width": 526,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia's geographical condition is at the meeting point of two tectonic faults and volcanic circles and is flanked by two large oceans which makes this country very vulnerable to natural disaster risks.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 564,
"width": 526,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to the World Bank, Indonesia is one of 35 countries in the world that have a high risk of loss of life and economic loss due to the impact of various types of natural disasters (Source: Fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id). Almost all regions in Indonesia are exposed to risks from nine major natural disasters, one of which is an earthquake. Earthquakes are natural disasters that are difficult to predict. Several earthquakes were recorded in Indonesia which caused enormous losses, including the earthquake in Aceh and northern Sumatra in 2004, the earthquake that occurred in Palu and Donggala in 2018 and the earthquake that occurred in Cianjur in 2022 The occurrence of this natural earthquake disaster provides a clear picture and fact of how vulnerable this country is to disasters and considering the large losses from earthquakes that must be borne by the government, a system should have been established to ease the government's burden. One solution is to transfer risk to the private sector through earthquake insurance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 672,
"width": 526,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to Law No. 2 of 1992 article 1 paragraph 1, Insurance or coverage is an agreement between two or more parties, by which the insurer binds himself to the insured, by receiving payment of insurance premiums, to provide reimbursement to the insured due to loss, damage or loss of profits incurred expected or legal responsibility to a third party that may be suffered by the insured, arising from an uncertain event, or to provide a payment based on the death or life of an insured person (Source: ojk.go.id). There are several types of insurance companies, namely general insurance companies, life insurance companies, and reinsurance companies.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 744,
"width": 526,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In this study, the calculation of earthquake insurance premiums will be carried out based on the amount of physical and economic losses using the Bayesian method. The Bayesian method was chosen because it can estimate parameters more informatively even though the data used is incomplete. Meanwhile, the premium calculation principle used is the expected value principle and the standard deviation principle.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 37,
"width": 377,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahman et al. / Operations Research: International Conference Series, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 13-16, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 37,
"width": 9,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 61,
"width": 109,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Literature Review",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 86,
"width": 103,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.1. Bayesian Method",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 110,
"width": 526,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The method used in this research is the Bayesian method. This method is used to estimate the parameters of the unknown Pareto distribution, namely the shape parameter . The Pareto distribution is an assumption of the distribution of the estimated loss model in this study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 158,
"width": 117,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2. Likelihood Function",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 182,
"width": 525,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The likelihood function of the earthquake loss model is assumed to have a Pareto distribution with the probability density function (PDF) as follows",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 49,
"top": 219,
"width": 509,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( ) { (1) The likelihood function is derived from the above equation and the following equation is obtained ( | ) ∏ . (2)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 298,
"width": 107,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.3. Prior Distribution",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 321,
"width": 526,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Because the loss data model is Pareto distributed, the conjugate prior ( ) is proportional to the Gamma distribution (Fink, 1997). The PDF of the Gamma distribution with hyperparameters and is as follows",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 359,
"width": 375,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( ) { ( ) (3)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 401,
"width": 125,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.4. Posterior Distribution",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 425,
"width": 526,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Since the prior distribution is a conjugation for likelihood, the posterior distribution is proportional to the multiplication of the likelihood function and the prior distribution (Paudel, et al., 2013; Kleindorfer & Kunreuther, 1999; Chen, et al., 2012), namely",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 460,
"width": 320,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( | ) ( | ) ( ) . (4)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 49,
"top": 472,
"width": 333,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To get the estimate from the loss model ( ̂) , the following equation is used",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 489,
"width": 94,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( | ) ( ) ( )",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 498,
"width": 526,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(5) With and (∏ ( ) ) (Arnold, et al., 1998; Moschopoulos & Sha, 2005). After the prior distribution parameter is obtained, the shape parameter is estimated using the following equation",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 570,
"width": 338,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "̂ [ | ] ∫ ( | ) (6)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 604,
"width": 163,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.5. Continuous Joint Distribution",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 627,
"width": 526,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The combined expected value of ( ) is obtained from the values of ( ) and ( ) , where the value of ( ) is the expected value of physical losses and ( ) is the expected value of economic losses, so the following equation is obtained:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 247,
"top": 663,
"width": 310,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( ) ( ) ( ) . (7)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 675,
"width": 525,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "if and are variable values that each have a ( ) and ( ) value then the ( ) value is defined as follows",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 699,
"width": 365,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (8)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 724,
"width": 177,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.6. Principles of Premium Insurance",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 748,
"width": 526,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The principle of calculating the premium used in this study is the principle of the expectation value and the principle of standard deviation (Kaas, et al., 2008; Bulinskaya, 2017). The following is the equation of the expectation value principle",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 783,
"width": 311,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( ) ( ) (9)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 37,
"width": 377,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahman et al. / Operations Research: International Conference Series, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 13-16, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 37,
"width": 9,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 61,
"width": 526,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "where is the premium value, ( ) represents the estimated loss of data, and which states the load factor or risk avoidance coefficient of insurance companies such as administration, taxes, etc. which is assumed to be 0.02 or 2%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 49,
"top": 98,
"width": 298,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "For the standard deviation principle, the following equation is used",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 121,
"width": 330,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(√ ( )) ( ) (10)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 145,
"width": 525,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "where is the premium value, ( ) represents the estimated loss of data, represents the load factor, and √ ( ) represents the standard deviation of the estimated total loss.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 181,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Materials and Methods",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 206,
"width": 70,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1. Materials",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 230,
"width": 526,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The object of this research is earthquake insurance premiums. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from BNPB. This data is data on potential physical and economic losses in Maluku in 2016-2020 caused by earthquakes. This study estimates the parameters of the earthquake loss model using the Bayesian method and then calculates the premium using the expected value principle and the standard deviation principle.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 290,
"width": 63,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2. Methods",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 314,
"width": 526,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The method used in this study is the Bayesian method. This method was used because of the limited data obtained. The step for estimating the model parameters of the losses caused by the earthquake starts from modeling the loss data, the likelihood data function, determining the prior distribution, which then obtains the posterior distribution which is used to estimate the model parameters.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 373,
"width": 132,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Results and Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 398,
"width": 526,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The data used in this study is data on potential physical and economic losses in 7 districts/cities of Maluku caused by the 2016-2020 earthquake. The regencies/cities used in this study were Central Maluku Regency, Buru Regency, West Seram Regency, East Seram Regency, Southwest Maluku Regency, South Buru Regency, Ambon City. data is divided into 2 information. on information data I on physical and economic losses obtained from BNPB data. As for information data II, physical and economic losses are assumed data obtained by the average loss per person from information data I multiplied by the number of people affected.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 470,
"width": 525,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "after each data is known, the prior distribution parameters on physical loss will be estimated and and are obtained. The prior distribution parameters are used to estimate the posterior distribution parameters using equation (5) and the parameters, mean, and variance are obtained as presented in Table 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 519,
"width": 421,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1: Summary of statistics parameter on physical loss ̂ Average/mean (Billion IDR) Variance (Billion IDR) Standard Deviation (Billion IDR)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 579,
"width": 525,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the posterior distribution function in equation (6), the estimated value of which is the estimated on physical loss value is ̂ . The ̂ value is an estimate of the shape parameters of the Pareto distribution. After that, the prior distribution parameters on economic loss will be estimated and and are obtained. The prior distribution parameters are used to estimate the posterior distribution parameters using equation (5) and the parameters, mean, and variance are obtained as presented in Table 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 640,
"width": 421,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2: Summary of statistics parameter on economic loss ̂ Average/mean (Billion IDR) Variance (Billion IDR) Standard Deviation (Billion IDR)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 701,
"width": 526,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the posterior distribution function in equation (6), the estimated value of which is the estimated on economic loss value is ̂ . The ̂ value is an estimate of the shape parameters of the Pareto distribution. For each loss data, the model parameters have been estimated using the Bayesian method, the average, variance and standard deviation values are obtained. Then the combined average value, combined variance and combined standard deviation are calculated as presented in Table 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 37,
"width": 377,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahman et al. / Operations Research: International Conference Series, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 13-16, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 550,
"top": 37,
"width": 9,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 74,
"width": 305,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 3: Statistical summary of Pareto distributed combined loss estimates.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 87,
"width": 303,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Average/mean (Billion IDR) Variance (Billion IDR) Standard Deviation (Billion IDR)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 135,
"width": 526,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Then the insurance premium value is calculated using the expected value principle and the standard deviation principle for each loss using equations 9 and 10. The following results of earthquake calculations based on 2 principles are presented in Table 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 170,
"top": 184,
"width": 271,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 4: Expected principle premium value and standard deviation Expected Value (Billion IDR) Standard Deviation Value (Billion IDR) 912.6503539 919.5021746",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 246,
"width": 526,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on Table 4, it can be seen that the insurance premium value based on the expectation principle is smaller than the premium value calculated using the standard deviation principle. This relieves the insured party but the insurer needs to review whether the premium value with the expectation principle is also beneficial for his own party or the standard deviation principle is more mutualism. Therefore, it is necessary to recalculate various factors so that neither party is harmed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 318,
"width": 72,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Conclusion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 342,
"width": 526,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the assumptions, the information II model of physical and economic losses caused by earthquakes is Pareto distributed with each scale parameter and and each unknown shape value. The value of the shape parameter for physical and economic losses was estimated using the Bayesian method and the respective values were obtained, namely ̂ and ̂ The amount of the premium value is generated using the expected premium principle of 912.6503539 Billion IDR and a standard deviation of 919.5021746 Billion IDR. From the results of the two premium principles it can be seen that the value of the insurance premium under the expectation principle is smaller than the premium value calculated by the standard deviation principle.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 450,
"width": 59,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "References",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 474,
"width": 524,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arnold, B. C., Castillo, E., & Sarabia, J. M. (1998). Bayesian analysis for classical distributions using conditionally specified priors. Sankhyā: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Series B , 228-245.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 509,
"width": 524,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bulinskaya, E. (2017). New research directions in modern actuarial sciences. Modern Problems of Stochastic Analysis and Statistics: Selected Contributions In Honor of Valentin Konakov , 349-408.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 544,
"width": 524,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Chen, C. W., Tseng, C. P., Hsu, W. K., & Chiang, W. L. (2012). A novel strategy to determine the insurance and risk control plan for natural disaster risk management. Natural Hazards , 64 , 1391-1403.Takeuchi, J., Sakagami, Y., & Perez, R. C. (2016). The mother and child health handbook in Japan as a health promotion tool: An overview of its history, contents, use, benefits, and global influence. Global pediatric health , 3 , 2333794X16649884.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 602,
"width": 523,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fink, D. (1997). A compendium of conjugate priors. See http://www. people. cornell. edu/pages/df36/CONJINTRnew% 20TEX. pdf , 46 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 637,
"width": 524,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kaas, R., Goovaerts, M., Dhaene, J., & Denuit, M. (2008). Modern actuarial risk theory: using R (Vol. 128). Springer Science & Business Media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 672,
"width": 524,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kleindorfer, P. R., & Kunreuther, H. (1999). The complementary roles of mitigation and insurance in managing catastrophic risks. Risk analysis , 19 (4), 727-738.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 707,
"width": 524,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moschopoulos, P., & Sha, N. (2005). Bayesian inference of scale parameters in exponential family using conditionally specified priors. Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods , 34 (2), 303-318.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 742,
"width": 524,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Paudel, Y., Botzen, W. J. W., & Aerts, J. C. J. H. (2013). Estimation of insurance premiums for coverage against natural disaster risk: an application of Bayesian Inference. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences , 13 (3), 737-754.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
00aa9da3-66e7-8ad0-16dc-8624927dfb71 | http://jurnal.upnyk.ac.id/index.php/eksergi/article/download/7618/4600 | [
{
"left": 57,
"top": 42,
"width": 150,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume X, Nom6r 1, Juni 2010",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 92,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EVALUASI KONSTAN TA PERSAMAAN KARAKTER PHOTOVOLTAIC TYPE MT]LTI KRISTAL DENGAI\\ METODE HOOKE-JEEYES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 135,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tjukup Marnoto",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 147,
"width": 210,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 159,
"width": 260,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Univers itas Pe mbangun an Nas ional \"Veteran\" Jln. SWK 1M, Lingkar Utara, Condongcatur, Jogjakarta. 55283",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 206,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 217,
"width": 449,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Persamaan karakter arus dan voltæe (t-Ð dari photovoltaik, mengandung beberapa konstanta, Persamaan ini dapat berlaku .umum untuk meramalkan karakter (l-V) photovoltaic, apabila nilai-nilai konstanta diketahui. Penentuan nilai-nilai konstanta dilakukan berdasarkan dari data-data elsperimen yang dilakukan dengan variasi variabel yang berpengaruh. Nilai konstanta yang sæuai didapatkan dengan membandingkan data-hæil perhitungan'dengan data eksperimen menggunakan kaedah jumlah laryadrat kesalahan (SSE) minimurq proses ini dikenal sebagai optimasi (minimasi) peßamaan nonlinier multi variabel. Pada tulisan ini akan dþarkan optimasi ñrngsi nonlinier multi variabel, dengan metoda pencarian langsung tanpa kendala (Hooke-Jebves method) dan algoritma maupun diagram alir program metode Hooke-Jeeves. Pemrograman komputer dilakukan dengan bantuan bahæa program Scilab. Hasil optimasi diperoleh konstanta peßamaan À1: 0.0065, k2= 0.006, k32858173 dan kf12960. Persamaan model maternatik ini dengan konstanta ters ebut dapat me wak i li ka rakter is t ik ph otovo ltaic type mu ltik istal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 273,
"top": 365,
"width": 54,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 377,
"width": 448,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Current and voltage (l-V) characteristics equation of photovoltaic consists of several variables. The equation can be used gene'ralty in (I-V) characteristics prediction when the variables vølues are known. The vqriables are determined based on the experimenlal døta collecled by varying the parameters involved.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 410,
"width": 451,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suitable variable value was obtained by comparing calculated and experimental data using minimum sum of squares of error (SSE) which is known as optimization (minimization) of nonlinear multivariable equation. fhit pop\", presents nonlinear multivariable optimization function based on direct search and algorithm or pro[ram flow chaft of HookeJeeves ntethod, Computer program was done by using Scilab programming language. Optimization results of the variables were k¡= 0.0065, kz= 0,006, ks=2858173 and kfl2960' Th* nñthematical equation modeling wilh the variables can represent the charøcteristics of multiuystalline photovoltaic.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 519,
"width": 280,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Hooke-Jeeves algorithm, photovoltaic, renewable enery",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 553,
"width": 83,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 570,
"width": 222,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kebijakan pemerintah melelui dewan energi nasional adalah menggalakan pemanfaatan sumber-sumber energi baru dan terbarukan, diantaranya sumber energi matahari, angin, geothermal, hidro maupun biomasa. lætak geografi Indonesia adalah disekitar khatulistiwa dimana sumber tenaga sinar matahasi sangat melimpah. Teknologi photovoltaic (PV) dapat merubah sinar matahari menjadi listrik DC. Konversi energi sinar matahari nænjadi listrik tergantung dari kondisi suatu daerah yaitu radiasisinar rnatahari dan suhu sel PV. Perencanaan pemasangan photovoltaic pada suatu tempat dengan kapas itas tertentu, memerlukan karakteristik daripada sel phtovoltaic yang akan digunakan dan data cuaca tempat tersebut, sernentara karakter photovoltaic yang teftera hanya arus dan voltase nnksimal pada kondisi referensi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 554,
"width": 223,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oleh karena kondisi setempat tidak sesuai dengan kondisi referensi, maka kapasitas terpasang sering tidak memenuhi kapasitas yang diperlukan. Permasalahan ini dapat teratasi dengan adanya persarnaan karakter photovoltaic pada berbagai kondisi, untuk meramalkan berapa keping photovoltaic yang harus dipæang untuk memenuhi kapasitas yang diinginkan. Persamaan karakteristik PV secara umum adalah sama, dan hanya beda kanstanta-konstanta pada masing-masing type PV(Duffie and Beckman, l99l), Untuk mendapatkan konstanta yang sesuai perlu dilakukan ekperinæn, selanjutya data-data ekperimen dicocokan dengan data hæil perhitungan model matematik. Optimasi konstanta dengan min imas i ju mlah kwad rat kesalahan akan diperoleh konstanta yang optimun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 533,
"top": 806,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "55",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 40,
"width": 51,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EKSERGI",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 90,
"width": 66,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1.1. Opimasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 104,
"width": 222,
"height": 434,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Optimasi adalah proses untuk mencari kondisi atau variabel optimum, dalam suatu peristiawa. Suatu peristiwa dapat dinyatakan dengan kalimat matematik atau disebut pemodelan maternatik dengan hasil suatu persamaan atau fungsi yang menwakili peristiwa tersebut. Optimasi variabel-variabel optimum yang nængakibatkan nilai fungsi maksimum disebut maksimasi, sebaliknya variabel-variabel optimum yang mengakibatkan nilai fungsi minimum disebut minimasi. Hal-hal penting dalam optimasi adalah l). variabeþvariabel atau perubah yang berpengaruh dan bisa dipilih (tlecision vorìobles), 2). kendala (constraints). 3) fungsi yang akan dioptimasidisebut fungsi objektif (objective fu,tct¡on). Secara analitilç nilai maksimum atau minimum dari suatu fungsi atau persamaan y = f (x) dapat diperoleh pada titik puncak atau y'=f(x) = 0, dan nilai fungsi maksimum bila y\":f '(x)>0 serta sebaliknya nilai fungsi minimum pada y\"-l'þ)<0. Suatu fungsi dimungkinkan mempunyai beberapa titik puncak, pada nilai fungsi nuksinlum maupun rninimurn, sehiugga dikenali beberapa istilah yaitu optimasi lokal (pada interval variabel teúentu) akan didapatkan nilai variabel minimunr/maksirnum lokal, dan optimasi global ftescluruhan fungsi) akan didapatkan nilai variabel minimu u/ma ks imu m global. Pros es optimas i d ikenal ada dua kaedah yaitu kaedah pencarian langsung dan kaedah gradien (berdasarkan koefisien erah kurva). Pada umunuya kaedah gradien akan diperoleh optimasi global, lain halnya pada kaedah pencarian langsung bisa didapat optimasi lokal. Merujuk kepada jumlah variabel, fungsi dapat mempunyai variabel tuggal dan beberapa variabel (mu lti variabe). Kaedah gradien untuk optimasi fungsi mu lti variabel antaranya metode Steepest as cent/des cent s ed angkan kaedah pencarian lan gs un g diantaranya adalah metode Hooke Jeeves.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 540,
"width": 221,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Hooke jeeves merupakau kaedah optimasi pencarian langsung tanpa kendala (unconstrains). Narnun dernikian kendala tersebut dibentuk dan dipakai secara terus menerus pada setiap evaluasi variabel-variabel, yang diawali pada variabel tebal<an arval dan dichek pada hitungan berikutnya sampai ditemukan variabel optimum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 621,
"width": 222,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dikatakan juga rnetode l{ooke Jeeves merupakan algoritma pencarian langsung yang mencari minimum atau maksilnum suatu fungsi nonlinier tanpa menrcrlukan derivativ fungsi. Sebaliknya ia adalah didasarkan heuristik yang merencanakan arah atau derivativ nrenggunakan nilai-nilai fungsi yang terhitung dalam sejumlah iterasi sebelumnya. Elsplorasi terhadap semua variabel d iperlukan untuk mempermudah iterasi berikutnya (dengan mengulang tahapan sebelumnya, selanjutnya disebut tahapan sukses), pengulangan dilakukan sampai variabel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 92,
"width": 221,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menjadi terkendala. Selanjutnya eksplorasi dilakukan terhadap variabel tersebut dan atau terhadap perubahan varibel, demikian seterusnya sampai kendala variabel akhir yang memuaskan. [[acksonen, 2001; Babu, et.al. , 2008; An Li, et. Al.,20081.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 160,
"width": 223,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1.2. Model matematik Model modul PV dapat dísetarakan dengan sirkuit yang mengandung satu diode seperti ditunjukan pada gambar l. [Duffie arrd Beckman, 1991, Ulleberg Ø,, 1998, Bilgen, 2007, 1jukup Mamoto ef.. A1.,2006, Celik and A.cikgoq 2007, Mellit, et. Al, 20071 r{",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 338,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ga¡nbar l. Sirkuit kesetaraan photovoltaic.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 363,
"width": 219,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Neraca arus dan voltase berdasarkan huku rn Kirchof adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 265,
"width": 124,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "l\" I=It.-Io {*[ V + I,R,",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 407,
"width": 219,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a )'Ì ljukup Mamoto et.41.,2006 menyatakan bahwa dengan pemodelan semi emp irik hubungan parameter a, arus diode jenuh (lù dan arus radiasai(/¿) terhadap racliasi sinar mataharidan suhu sel (fs) mengikuti persamaan (2), (3) dan (4)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 486,
"width": 210,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a - kr'T, ..(2)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 412,
"width": 211,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I, = krG, Io = kr.Tr,t.ery (r) ... (3) k4 T',.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 578,
"width": 205,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Subtitusi ke persamaan (l ) rnenjadi persarnaan (5)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 560,
"width": 221,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "r =kz.Gr - k,r\",*o(-åÏ*(ll)'. (4) ... (5)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 650,
"width": 210,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dirnarra Gz adalah radiasisirtar rnatahari, Îc adalah suhu selPV ,l?s adalah tahanan seri, I/dan /adalah voltase dan arus PV.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 706,
"width": 221,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. Metodologi Persamaan karakter PV mengandung 4 buah variabel yang harus dicari. Pencarian dilakukan dengau perbandingan data perhitungan dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 53,
"top": 806,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "56",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 41,
"width": 149,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume X,Nomdr l,Iuni 2010",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 94,
"width": 222,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "eksperimen nrenggunakan metode kwadrat terkecil melalui peßamaan kamkter tersebut. Harga konstanta terbaik (optimum) adalah yang memberikan jumlah kwadrat kesalahan (Sum of squares of error = SSE) minimurq sehingga fungsi obyektif pada optimasi persamaan karakter PV dapat dinyatakan pada persannan 6:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 189,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "F=SSð=",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 207,
"width": 30,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "n¿n,f,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 207,
"width": 220,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I 'filo, o, - k, r\"'* [- *:){-- (+#)'} -']'",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 258,
"width": 221,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data-data ekperimen adalah Ourå\" lr6lr,, penelitian yang dilakukan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 281,
"width": 223,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap dua modul PLTS yang dipasang seri. Termokopel dipasang untuk mengukur suhu sel PV dan suhu sekeliling, arus listrik dan voltase diukur dengan osciloscop sedangkan mdiasi sinar nutahari diukur dengan pyranonreter. Skenra susunan alat penelitian ini dapat dilihat pada gambar 2. Pyranonreter dan termokopel di hubungløn dengan data loger untuk merubah data menjadi data dþital yang selanjutnya direkam oleh komputer data. Osciloscop yang digunakan dilengkapi tegangan geser otomatis yang mengarah pada hambatan maksimunl serta dihubungkan dengan komputer perekam data. Pengambilan data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 437,
"width": 221,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PV (arus dan voltase) dilakukan pada kondisi radiasi sinar matahari dan suhu tertentu (Grdan-I¿', sebagai berikur I l8 w/m2, 3 I 8.32oK; 148 W lî1321.25oK;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 468,
"width": 221,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "308 W/m2, 327.fK; 7ll wlt*, 324.21oK; 780",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 481,
"width": 220,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "w/mz, 329.loK;840 w/m2, 331.42oK; 978 w/m , 328.56oK) dengan perubahan beban secara otomatis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 507,
"width": 105,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "s ampai beban ¡rlaks inu m.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 545,
"width": 52,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pyranometer",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 101,
"width": 124,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 115,
"width": 222,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Persamaan karakter PV ini adalah peniamaan non linier multi variabel (4 variabel sebagai konstanta). Pencarian nilai konstanta-konstanta persamaan tersebut dilakukan dengan optimasi persamaan (6), dalam hal ini dipilih metoda Hooke",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 174,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jeeves dengan bantuan bahæa program Scilab,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 199,
"width": 221,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Algoritma metode Hooke Jeeves pada dæarnya dapat dikelompok4<an menjadi3 yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 235,
"width": 42,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Eksplorasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 244,
"width": 192,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dimulai membentuk kendala dengan menghitung harga fungsi pada variabel awal (Fopt).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 281,
"width": 194,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masing-masing variabel ditanilrahl<an atau dikurangkan suatu bilangan kecil (delta variabel) dan dihitung kendala berikutnya, tahapan sukses apabila hasil hitungan fungsi memenuhi kenclala sebelumnya, kemudian diberi tanda+anda kesuksesan yaitu tanda +l untuk penambahan dan -l untuk pengurangan pada masing-masing variabel, (gambar, 4).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 388,
"width": 113,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengulangi tahapan sulses",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 400,
"width": 194,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Apabila ditemukan tanda-tanda kesuksesan, maka tahapan suksæ diulangi dengan menambah atau mengurangi variabel dengan delta variabel masing-masing, dan hihitung juga fungsi sebagai kendala berikutnya. Hingga variabe I terkendala (gambar, 3)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 483,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cek dan mengubah variabel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 491,
"width": 194,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Apabila tidak ditemukan tanda-tanda kesuksesan pada hæil eksplorasi maka dilakukan perubahan variabel dengan mengecilkan delta variabel, selanjutnya dilakukan langkah (l dan seterusnya). Namun dernikian apabila delta variabel sudah tidak signivicant terhadap perubahan nilai fungsi terhitung atau delta variabel lebih kecil dari pada toleransinya, maka iterasi dihentikan, dan nilai fungsi dan variabel-veriabel tersebut adalah sebagai fungsi dan variabel optimum (gambar,3)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 647,
"width": 221,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Skema diagram alir secara lengkap (main prograrn) nretode Hooke Jeeves ditunjukan pada Gambar 3, sedangkan gambar 4, 5 dan 6 adalah diagram alir sub program,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 384,
"width": 7,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ") J.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 696,
"width": 169,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Skerna susultaÌ alat ¡rettelitiarl",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 531,
"top": 806,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "57",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 39,
"width": 3,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 490,
"top": 41,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ETßERGI",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 101,
"width": 404,
"height": 230,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EKSPLORASI Terìdå =0 vþp)'kdþil+ddþp); hitumg r Vodþd'V(ep), Fopl.F larìda:+1 F flemenuli Fopl V(ep)=Voptþp)del{ep); hitumg F Vodþd'V(êd, Fopt+ Ianda;.,| tmemonuli Fql Ya Ya Mul¡i li4aruþn v¿riabêl.variåbol tobakan $el mss¡nFmas¡ng",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 147,
"width": 52,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "delta dan loleransi variabel, ræio perubahan delh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 190,
"width": 148,
"height": 336,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hitung nild tun$i(F), $lanjuhya !€góâ¡ coßfain Fopt mrnambah/mnguran g deltanyo. . tiitung F Êlcplorsi lorhadap Sulao Hasil Vaióel.v¡dabel dan Fungsi 0plimum Atdh l'.,rrjl.-.¡(i r-, I :ìii.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 310,
"width": 103,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ":1.,1 .,::,\")i t.: . ',,!i, ,, .,', i\"; Ya",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 432,
"width": 461,
"height": 318,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Giagran alirprognrn utama optimasi Metode Hooke Jeeves. Tdk Gambar 4. Diagram alir subprogram el<splorasi Tdk Ya Gambar 5: Diagrarn alir subprogram mengulang tahapan sukses Fopl terponuh¡ F Us=1rn V(u8)'Vopl(us)+tanda'delta(us) Hllun0 F vopt(u!) !v(us) Fopt=F",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 807,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "58",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 42,
"width": 150,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume X, Nom6r 1, Juni 2010",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 100,
"width": 235,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Delta(cd)'rasio Del(cd)<=16¡1sd) EKSPLORASI Hasil: Variabeþvariaþel dan Fungsi Optimum Akh¡r 7 Tdk Þ 5 $+ tt e Ya 3 2 I 0",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 262,
"width": 198,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar ó : Diagram alir sttbprogramchekdelta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 275,
"width": 34,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "variabel,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 308,
"width": 222,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data elsperimen merupakan arus (1) dan voltase (l/) keluaran Photovoltaik pada kondisi operasi G1'dan 7¡6', sebagai berikut I l8 rw/mz, 318,32oK; 148 wtrÌl.zzl.zs'rc: 308 w/m2, 327.7oK: 7ll wh*, 324.2 1o K; 7 80 W/ m2, 329 .1o K; 84 0 W/m2, 33 l. 42o K;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 368,
"width": 224,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "97 8 w I n?, 328.56oK. Optimasi konstanta-konstanta persamaan karakter model matematik ini dilakukan menggunakan metode Hooke Jeeves, dengan bantuan bahasa program Scilab, sebagai obyektif fungsi adalah persarnaan (6). Jika nilai frrngsi (SSE) adalah minirnu m maka akan d idapatkan nilai-nilai konstanta ht ym1 optimum. Hasil konstanta yang optimum adalah ,t1= 0.0065, k2= 0.006, ks2858173 dan kF12960. Gambar 7, menunjukan bahwa perbandingan data karakter I-V eksperimen dan data perhitungan dengan persanr,aan (5) menggunakan konstanta-konstanta has il optimas i t idak jauh berbeda. Hal ini mcnunjukan bahwa persamaan modet nlatematik tersebut mewakili karakter photovoltaic. Oleh karena penelitian dilakukan terhadap photovoltaic type multi kistalin maka konstanta-konstanta ini secara khusus berlaku untuk photovoltaic type multi kristalin, sedangkan untuk type lain perlu d ilakukan penelitian lanjut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 238,
"width": 56,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0510'1520",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 418,
"top": 250,
"width": 37,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Voltase (V)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 264,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Perbandin gan data eksperinten dan data hasil perhitungan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 310,
"width": 66,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "V. IGsimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": 332,
"width": 199,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Konsep eksperimen, pemodelan matematik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 353,
"top": 346,
"width": 185,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PV dan metode Hooke Jeeves baik untuk menciptakan persamaan karakter dengan konstanta-konstanta yang sesuai sehingga persamaan ini dapat mewakili karakteristik PV.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 402,
"width": 203,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Konsta¡rta-konstanta yang sesuai (optimum) pada persamaan ini, yaitu k¡= 0.0065, &2:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 429,
"width": 184,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0.006, kt1858173 dan kr12960. Diperoleh pada jumlah kwadrat kesalahan (SSE) antara data eksperimen dan hasil perhitungan adalah min imum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": 473,
"width": 203,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Perbandingan kurva antara data perhitungan (persamaan 5) dengan konstanta terhitung dan data eksperimen (gambar 6) tidak jalrh berbeda, Artinya persatnaan karakter dengan konstanta yang sesuai dapat mewakili karakteristik PV.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": 544,
"width": 204,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Konstanta-konstanta terhitung (kúò secaara khusus hanya berlaku untuk photovoltaic type multi kistalin. Sedangkan untuk type yang lain disarankan agar dilakukan e ksperimen yang sejen is.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 617,
"width": 54,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "VL Pustaha.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 642,
"width": 222,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "An Li, Enmin Feng, Xuelian Sun, 2008, Stochastic optimral control and algorithm of the trajectory of horizontal wells, Journal of Computalional and Applied Mathematics,2l2: 479 - 430. Babu, S., Senthil Kumar, T., Balasubrtnanian, V. , 2008, Optimizing pulsed ctlnent gas tungsten arc welding parameters of 446061 aluminium alloy using Hooke and Jeeves algorithm,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 103,
"width": 165,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "711 306 Wm2, 327.70K 324.2 o K wm2 o eksperimen - hitungan ö oo 148 wm2, 921.25oK",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 223,
"width": 59,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 18 Wm2. 318.320K",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 532,
"top": 805,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "59",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 495,
"top": 40,
"width": 51,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EKSERGI",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 91,
"width": 191,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, l8:1028-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 104,
"width": 19,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1036",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 115,
"width": 221,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bilgen. E. 2001, Solar hydrogen from photovoltaic- electroþzer systenìs. Energy Conversion & Ma n a genrent 42: 1047 - 1057 Celih 4.N., Acikgoz, N. 2007. Modelling and eryerimental verification of the operating current of mono-crystalline photovoltaic modules using four- and five-parameter models. Applied Energy 84: l-15.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 207,
"width": 225,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Duffie, J.A. dan Beckman, W.A, \\991, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 2nd ed,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 233,
"width": 143,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 255,
"width": 218,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "lacksonen, T, 2001, Emp irical comparasion of search algorithms for discrete event",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 277,
"width": 194,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "s imu lation, Computers & Industrial",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 293,
"width": 107,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Engineering, 40: 133- 148.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 303,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mellit 4., M. BenghanenL S.A. Kalogirou, 2007,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 313,
"width": 194,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Modeling and simulation of a stand-atone",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 88,
"width": 193,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "photovoltaic system using an adaptive artificial neural network: Proposition fora new sizing procedure, Renewable Energy 32 Q007) 285-313",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 137,
"width": 217,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Iukup Marnoto, 2001, Analisa Nunterik dan Pemrograman Komputer, Jurusan Teknik Kimia, FTI, UPN \"Veteran\" Yogyakarta. ljukup Mamoto, Kan'øntzzaman Sopian & Wan Ramli Wan Daud. 2006. Cæneraliz¡d Equations for Determining The Characteristic of Crystalin Photovoltaic Modules. Proceedings of the International Symposium and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Env ironment, Kuol a Lump ur, pp. 17 5 -182,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 256,
"width": 216,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ulleberg Ø., 1998, Stand-Alone Power Systems þr the Future: Optimal Design, Operation & Control of Solar-Hydrogen Energy Systems. PhD thesis, Noruegian University of Science and Technolory, Trondheim.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 805,
"width": 12,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "60",
"type": "Page footer"
}
] |
e422cda9-ada2-188f-56fb-e068191e4ac6 | https://journal.febubhara-sby.org/benchmark/article/download/350/342 | [
{
"left": 113,
"top": 722,
"width": 110,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "*Corresponding Author:",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 458,
"top": 722,
"width": 69,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hal: 97-115",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 734,
"width": 165,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 46,
"width": 197,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Volume 3 Nomor 2 2023 ISSN (Online): 2774-7212 http://journal.febubhara-sby.org/benchmark",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 104,
"width": 378,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo: Sebuah Analisis Multiatribut Fishbein",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 146,
"width": 356,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Siti Qomariah & *Ahmad Zainuddin Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jember, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 235,
"top": 183,
"width": 170,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "DOI: 10.46821/benchmark.v3i2.350",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 210,
"width": 58,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 223,
"width": 416,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perkembangan varietas di Kabupaten Probolinggo mengalami dinamika yang menunjukkan bahwa petani memiliki preferensi sendiri terhadap varietas bawang merah. Varietas bawang merah yang berkembang di Kabupaten Probolinggo yaitu Biru Lancor dan Batu Ijo. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui preferensi petani terhadap varietas bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 40 petani. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan analisis multiatribut fishbein. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa preferensi petani terhadap varietas bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo adalah lebih menyukai varietas Biru Lancor dibandingkan Batu Ijo. Varietas Biru Lancor unggul pada atribut kekerasan, kepedasan, warna umbi, aroma, jumlah anakan, kemudahan pemasaran, harga benih, jumlah stok, dan daya simpan. Sedangkan varietas Batu Ijo unggul pada atribut bentuk umbi, ukuran umbi, tinggi tanaman, umur panen, ketahanan OPT, ketahanan cuaca, hasil produksi, dan produktivitas. Petani diharapkan dapat menggunakan varietas biru lancor karena memiliki keunggulan jumlah anakan yang banyak dan pemasaran yang mudah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 394,
"width": 243,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Bawang Merah, Preferensi Petani, Varietas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 416,
"width": 66,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 430,
"width": 416,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The development of varieties in Probolinggo district is dynamic, indicating that farmers have their own preferences for shallot varieties. The shallot varieties developed in Probolinggo Regency are Biru Lancor and Batu Ijo. The purpose of this study was to determine farmers' preferences for shallot varieties in Probolinggo district. The sample used was 40 farmers. This research was analysed using fishbein multiattribute analysis. The results showed that farmers' preferences for shallot varieties in Probolinggo Regency were in favour of the Biru Lancor variety over Batu Ijo. The Biru Lancor variety excels at the attributes of hardness, spiciness, bulb colour, aroma, number of tillers, ease of marketing, seed price, stock quantity, and storability. While the Batu Ijo variety excels at the attributes of tuber shape, tuber size, plant height, harvest age, pest resistance, weather resistance, production yield, and productivity. Farmers are expected to use the biru lancor variety because it has the advantage of a large number of tillers and easy marketing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 576,
"width": 215,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords: Farmer Preferences, Shallot, Varieties .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 700,
"width": 221,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC-BY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 731,
"width": 10,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "98",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 52,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 101,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 106,
"width": 416,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditas holtikultura yang banyak dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Menurut Sahara dkk . (2019), bawang merah memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi dan merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang strategis. Dikatakan strategis karena perubahan harga bawang merah dapat mempengaruhi inflasi. Selain itu, komoditas bawang merah juga dapat mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah (Pranadi dkk. , 2022). Jika dilihat dari sisi permintaan, kebutuhan atau tingkat konsumsi bawang merah yang semakin meningkat dapat menyebabkan tingkat permintaan bawang merah juga mengalami peningkatan. Selain itu, bertambahnya jumlah penduduk menjadi salah satu penyebab peningkatan permintaan bawang merah (Sholikin dan Haryono, 2019). Permintaan yang meningkat ini perlu diimbangi dengan jumlah penawaran bawang merah yang cukup. Hal ini berimplikasi terhadap produksi bawang merah yang diharapkan terus meningkat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 268,
"width": 416,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Salah satu sentra produksi bawang merah di Indonesia adalah Jawa Timur. Bawang merah di Jawa Timur menjadi komoditas hortikultura yang banyak diusahakan oleh petani, sehingga produksinya cukup melimpah (BPS Jawa Timur, 2020). Kabupaten Probolinggo merupakan salah satu sentra produksi bawang merah di Jawa Timur. Produksi bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo memiliki kecenderungan yang berfluktuasi. Selain disebabkan oleh perubahan cuaca dan adanya organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT), fluktuasi produksi bawang merah juga dapat disebabkan oleh perbedaan varietas bawang merah yang dipilih oleh petani. Hal tersebut terjadi karena tinggi rendahnya produksi sangat dipengaruhi oleh varietas dan juga didukung oleh faktor lingkungan (Jasmi dkk ., 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 403,
"width": 417,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Varietas bawang merah yang dikembangkan di Kabupaten Probolinggo pada tahun 2013 yaitu varietas Biru Lancor, Thailand, dan Super Philip (Baswarsiati dkk., 2014). Terjadi dinamika pemilihan varietas yang dilakukan oleh petani bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo, di mana saat ini (2023) varietas bawang merah yang banyak dikembangkan oleh petani di Kabupaten Probolinggo adalah varietas Biru Lancor sebanyak 60%, Batu Ijo sebanyak 30%, serta 10% sisanya yaitu varietas lainnya (Disperta Kabupaten Probolinggo, 2023). Varietas Biru Lancor merupakan varietas bawang merah lokal unggul Kabupaten Probolinggo, sedangkan varietas Batu Ijo atau yang sering disebut sebagai Batu Biru yang berasal dari daerah Batu Malang. Perbedaan yang mencolok dari kedua varietas yaitu pada ukuran umbi, warna umbi, harga jual, tingkat kepedasan, aroma, serta tingkat kekerasan. Ukuran umbi varietas Batu Ijo cenderung lebih besar dibandingkan varietas Biru Lancor dengan harga jual yang relatif lebih tinggi. Warna umbi varietas Biru Lancor yaitu merah keunguan, sedangkan varietas Batu Ijo memiliki warna umbi merah tua. Jika dilihat dari tingkat kepedasan, aroma, dan tingkat kekerasan, varietas Biru Lancor memiliki kualitas yang lebih unggul dibandingkan varietas Batu Ijo (Disperta Kabupaten Probolinggo, 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 619,
"width": 416,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Terjadinya dinamika penggunaan varietas bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo menunjukkan bahwa petani memiliki kesukaan dan preferensi tersendiri terhadap varietas bawang merah tersebut. Kecenderungan petani terhadap varietas bawang merah yang berkembang di Kabupaten Probolinggo berpengaruh terhadap hasil budidaya yang diterima. Hal tersebut tentunya dapat mempengaruhi petani sebagai pelaku usaha dalam menggunakan varietas bawang merah yang akan dibudidayakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 731,
"width": 10,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "99",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 52,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 416,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penelitian terkait preferensi petani terhadap varietas bawang merah sudah pernah dilakukan oleh Awami dkk . (2019) , Baswarsiati dkk. ( 2014), dan Theresia dkk. (2016) yang menunjukkan bahwa petani bawang merah memiliki preferensi bawang merah yang berbeda di wilayah tertentu. Adapun penelitian ini lebih berfokus pada preferensi petani terhadap penggunaan varietas bawang merah khususnya varietas biru lancor dan batu ijo yang terdapat di Probolinggo. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui preferensi petani dalam memilih varietas bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam melakukan strategi produksi yang efisien berdasarkan pemilihan varietas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 226,
"width": 139,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 239,
"width": 414,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan lokasi penelitian adalah metode secara sengaja ( purposive method ). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Probolinggo dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa hal yaitu Kabupaten Probolinggo merupakan sentra produksi bawang merah kedua setelah Nganjuk di Jawa Timur serta mayoritas petani di Kabupaten Probolinggo melakukan budidaya bawang merah dengan dua varietas yang berbeda. Kecamatan Dringu merupakan kecamatan sampel yang dipilih dengan pertimbangan bahwa sentra produksi utama bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo terletak di kecamatan Dringu. Kecamatan Dringu memiliki 14 desa dengan 4 desa yang dipilih oleh peneliti pada penelitian ini yaitu Desa Tamansari, Tegalrejo, Pabean, dan Dringu dengan pertimbangan yaitu karena empat desa tersebut memiliki lokasi yang strategis (dekat dengan pasar bawang merah), serta karena empat desa tersebut merupakan daerah potensial yang sebagian besar penduduknya melakukan budidaya bawang merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2022 hingga bulan Maret 2023.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 415,
"width": 415,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif analitik. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka dengan jenis data yang digunakan yaitu primer dan sekunder. Metode pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode multistage purposive sampling . Metode multistage purposive sampling merupakan teknik penentuan sampel yang dilakukan secara bertahap dari unit sampel terbesar hingga unit sampel terkecil. Penentuan jumlah sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 petani yang pernah menggunakan varietas biru lancor dan batu ijo. Penentuan responden yang akan diwawancarai menggunakan metode sampling incidental . Metode sampling incidental merupakan teknik pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan secara kebetulan, yaitu siapa saja yang secara kebetulan bertemu dengan peneliti dan dirasa cocok menjadi sumber data yang sesuai dengan topik penelitian, maka dapat dijadikan sampel (Elvina dkk ., 2021). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode multiatribut fishbein . Analisis multiatribut fishbein digunakan untuk mengetahui preferensi petani dalam memilih varietas bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Berikut merupakan formulasi model multiatribut fishbein (Simarmata dkk ., 2019).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 644,
"width": 67,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "A o = ∑ bi.ei n i=1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 669,
"width": 415,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Di mana A o adalah sikap petani terhadap atribut varietas bawang merah, b i adalah Tingkat kepercayaan terhadap atribut ke-I, e i adalah Evaluasi kepentingan terhadap atribut ke-i.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "100",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 57,
"width": 415,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 357,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 1. Rentang Skor Tingkat Kepentingan Atribut (ei) Rentang Skala Kepentingan (ei) Kategori 1,0 ≤ x ≤ 1,8 Sangat Tidak Penting 1,8 < x ≤ 2,6 Tidak Penting 2,6 < x ≤ 3,4 Cukup Penting 3,4 < x ≤ 4,2 Penting 4,2 < x ≤ 5,0 Sangat Penting",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 190,
"width": 148,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber : Nurmalina dkk., 2012",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 214,
"width": 217,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "HASIL ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 227,
"width": 414,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Preferensi Petani terhadap Atribut Varietas Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 254,
"width": 415,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Alat analisis yang digunakan untuk mengetahui preferensi petani terhadap varietas bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo adalah Multiatribut Fishbein . Terdapat dua varietas bawang merah yang dibandingkan yaitu varietas Biru Lancor dan Batu Ijo, sehingga melalui analisis Multiatribut Fishbein dapat diketahui preferensi petani terhadap varietas Biru Lancor dibandingkan Batu Ijo. Atribut yang digunakan terdiri dari 17 atribut, di antaranya yaitu bentuk umbi, ukuran umbi, tinggi tanaman, kepedasan, warna umbi, aroma, jumlah anakan, kekerasan, kemudahan pemasaran, umur panen, hasil produksi, ketahanan OPT, ketahanan cuaca, harga bibit, jumlah stok, daya simpan, dan produktivitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 386,
"width": 276,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tingkat Kepentingan Atribut Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 399,
"width": 414,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tingkat kepentingan atribut menunjukkan sejauh mana atribut dari varietas bawang merah dianggap penting oleh petani. Tingkat kepentingan atribut varietas bawang merah terbagi menjadi lima tingkatan yaitu sangat tidak penting, tidak penting, cukup penting, penting, dan sangat penting. Semakin tinggi skor tingkat kepentingan yang diberikan petani terhadap atribut varietas bawang merah, maka semakin penting atribut tersebut bagi petani bawang merah dan begitu pula sebaliknya. Rentang skor tingkat kepentingan atribut varietas bawang merah dapat dilihat pada tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 494,
"width": 414,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil penelitian mengenai tingkat kepentingan dari masing-masing atribut varietas bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2. Berdasarkan Tabel 2, dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat 6 atribut varietas bawang merah yang termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat penting, 9 atribut kategori penting, dan 2 atribut sisanya termasuk ke dalam kategori cukup penting. Berikut merupakan uraian mengenai tingkat kepentingan atribut varietas bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 585,
"width": 72,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bentuk Umbi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 598,
"width": 414,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bentuk umbi (3,63) dianggap penting karena petani responden berpendapat bahwa bentuk umbi akan mempengaruhi daya tumbuh bawang merah. Selain itu, bentuk umbi bawang merah berpengaruh terhadap mutu bawang merah. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Jasmi dkk., (2013) yang menyatakan bahwa faktor-faktor yang dapat menentukan mutu bawang merah di antaranya yaitu warna, aroma, rasa, dan bentuk umbi. Bentuk umbi bawang merah yang baik adalah bulat sedikit lonjong.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "101",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 57,
"width": 415,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 74,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ukuran Umbi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 106,
"width": 415,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ukuran umbi (3,95) dianggap penting karena ukuran umbi merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas atau grade bawang merah, sehingga berdampak pada tinggi rendahnya harga jual bawang merah. Ukuran umbi bawang merah juga dapat menentukan tingkat hasil produksi. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Entaunayah dkk . (2015), yang menyatakan bahwa pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi bawang merah yang lebih baik diperoleh dari bibit dengan ukuran umbi yang lebih besar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 197,
"width": 56,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kekerasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 210,
"width": 414,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tingkat kekerasan (4,30) dianggap sangat penting karena kekerasan bawang merah merupakan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dan daya tahan bawang merah. Kekerasan bawang merah dapat berpengaruh terhadap daya tumbuh tanaman yang pada akhirnya akan menentukan tingkat produksi yang dihasilkan oleh petani. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Nasrudin dan Elizani (2019) yang menyatakan bahwa kekerasan umbi bawang merah dapat menggambarkan kemampuan penimbunan fotosintat yang baik selama proses fotosintesis di dalam umbi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 315,
"width": 414,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 2. Skor Tingkat Kepentingan Atribut Varietas Bawang Merah di Kabupaten",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 328,
"width": 415,
"height": 348,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Probolinggo No Atribut Skor Tingkat Kepentingan Skor Total Rata- rata Kategori 1 2 3 4 5 1 Bentuk Umbi 0 4 13 17 6 145 3.63 Penting 2 Ukuran Umbi 0 2 10 16 12 158 3.95 Penting 3 Kekerasan 0 0 0 28 12 172 4.30 Sangat Penting 4 Kepedasan 0 0 24 12 4 140 3.50 Penting 5 Warna Umbi 0 2 12 16 10 154 3.85 Penting 6 Aroma 0 3 26 10 1 137 3.43 Penting 7 Jumlah Anakan 0 0 4 27 9 165 4.13 Penting 8 Tinggi tanaman 0 1 21 18 0 137 3.43 Penting 9 Kemudahan pemasaran 0 0 1 15 24 183 4.58 Sangat Penting 10 Umur panen 0 1 18 21 0 140 3.50 Penting 11 Harga bibit 0 5 20 12 3 133 3.33 Cukup Penting 12 Ketahanan OPT 0 0 0 7 33 193 4.83 Sangat Penting 13 Ketahanan cuaca 0 0 0 5 35 195 4.88 Sangat Penting 14 Jumlah Stok 0 0 12 27 1 149 3.73 Penting 15 Daya simpan 0 0 18 14 8 150 3.75 Penting 16 Hasil produksi 0 0 0 20 20 180 4.50 Sangat Penting 17 Produktivitas 0 0 3 25 12 165 4.13 Penting Sumber: Data Primer Diolah, 2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "102",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 52,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 59,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kepedasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 106,
"width": 414,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kepedasan bawang merah berada pada kategori penting dengan skor tingkat kepentingan sebesar 3,50. Tingkat kepedasan bawang merah dapat mempengaruhi permintaan konsumen, di mana konsumen lebih menyukai bawang merah yang memiliki tingkat kepedasan lebih tinggi. Permintaan terhadap bawang merah dengan tingkat kepedasan cukup tinggi, menyebabkan atribut kepedasan bawang merah dianggap penting oleh petani.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 197,
"width": 68,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Warna Umbi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 210,
"width": 414,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Warna umbi (3,85) dianggap penting karena warna umbi dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dan daya tumbuh bawang merah. Warna umbi menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi konsumen, di mana warna umbi bawang merah yang baik yaitu merah tidak pucat. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Karo dan Manik (2020) yang menyatakan bahwa warna umbi dari setiap varietas berpengaruh terhadap ketertarikan konsumen terhadap bawang merah. Menurut petani responden, kualitas bibit yang bagus juga dilihat dari warna umbi karena warna umbi dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan bibit dan daya tumbuh bawang merah. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Iriani (2013) yang menyatakan bahwa salah satu ciri benih bawang merah yang baik yaitu umbi benih berwarna cerah dengan kulit mengkilat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 342,
"width": 37,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Aroma",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 355,
"width": 414,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Aroma (4,43) dianggap penting oleh petani karena aroma juga dapat mempengaruhi permintaan konsumen. Aroma bawang merah yang lebih kuat lebih disukai oleh para konsumen khususnya pelaku agroindustri. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Wulandari dkk. (2021) yang menyatakan bahwa bawang merah yang lebih disukai konsumen adalah bawang merah yang memiliki warna merah, umbi bulat dan padat, rasa pedas, serta aromanya wangi saat digoreng.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 446,
"width": 82,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jumlah Anakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 460,
"width": 414,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jumlah anakan (4,13) dianggap penting karena jumlah anakan dapat mempengaruhi ukuran umbi. Semakin banyak jumlah anakan, maka akan membuat ukuran umbi bawang merah yang dihasilkan relatif lebih kecil dibandingkan ukuran pada umumnya. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Kania dan Maghfoer (2018), yang menyatakan bahwa semakin banyak jumlah umbi atau jumlah anakan pada budidaya bawang merah, maka ukuran umbi yang dihasilkan cenderung kecil dan begitu pula sebaliknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 551,
"width": 90,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tinggi Tanaman",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 564,
"width": 414,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Petani memiliki persepsi penting terhadap atribut tinggi tanaman dengan skor nilai sebesar 3,43. Tinggi tanaman dianggap penting karena tinggi tanaman menunjukkan baik tidaknya tingkat pertumbuhan tanaman. Beberapa petani responden beranggapan bahwa tinggi tanaman juga dapat mempengaruhi kuantitas hasil produksi bawang merah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 628,
"width": 124,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kemudahan Pemasaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 642,
"width": 414,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kemudahan pemasaran (4,58) dianggap sangat penting oleh petani karena kemudahan pemasaran dapat mempengaruhi lama tidaknya petani memperoleh pendapatan. Mudahnya kegiatan pemasaran dapat mendorong petani dalam melakukan kegiatan usahatani bawang merah, serta dapat menunjang terpenuhinya kebutuhan konsumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "103",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 52,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 414,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kegiatan pemasaran bawang merah di Kecamatan Dringu Kabupaten Probolinggo tergolong mudah, karena jarak antara lahan pertanian dengan pasar induk bawang merah cukup dekat. Selain itu, pemasaran juga dilakukan di lahan langsung melalui perantara pedagang atau tengkulak sehingga petani tidak perlu mengeluarkan biaya pemasaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 156,
"width": 68,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Umur Panen",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 170,
"width": 414,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Umur panen berdasarkan persepsi petani responden berada pada kategori penting (3,50). Umur panen bawang merah rata-rata selama 2 bulan. Namun, pada musim hujan biasanya umur panen bawang merah menjadi sedikit lebih pendek. Umur panen dapat mempengaruhi lama tidaknya petani mendapatkan hasil, sehingga hal tersebut menjadi indikator penting dalam memilih varietas bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Awami dkk. (2019) yang menyatakan bahwa umur panen dianggap sangat penting bagi petani karena umur panen menentukan lama tidaknya panen yang akan dilakukan petani.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 288,
"width": 64,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Harga Bibit",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 301,
"width": 414,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Harga bibit (3,33) dianggap cukup penting karena harga bibit dapat mempengaruhi biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan oleh petani. Namun, sebagian besar petani responden tidak terlalu memperhatikan harga bibit, di mana hal tersebut dilihat ketika harga bibit melonjak cukup tinggi, petani responden tetap membeli bibit dengan varietas yang sama dan tidak melakukan peralihan varietas yang harga bibitnya lebih murah. Selain itu, sebagian petani juga melakukan seleksi umbi ketika panen tiba untuk kemudian dijadikan bibit pada musim tanam selanjutnya sehingga petani tidak perlu mengeluarkan biaya bibit pada musim tanam selanjutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 419,
"width": 86,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketahanan OPT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 433,
"width": 414,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketahanan OPT merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menentukan keberhasilan usahatani bawang merah. Semakin tanaman tahan terhadap OPT, maka akan semakin besar peluang keberhasilan usahatani yang dijalankan oleh petani. Petani responden memiliki persepsi sangat penting terhadap atribut ketahanan OPT, hal tersebut dilihat dari skor tingkat kepentingan atribut yaitu sebesar 4,83. Ketahanan OPT dianggap sangat penting oleh petani karena dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan serta hasil produksi bawang merah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 537,
"width": 93,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketahanan Cuaca",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 551,
"width": 414,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Budidaya bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo sangat bergantung dengan cuaca, sehingga ketahanan cuaca (4,88) menjadi indikator yang sangat penting untuk memilih varietas bawang merah. Berdasarkan informasi dari lapang, budidaya bawang merah sangat bergantung pada cuaca, di mana cuaca yang paling baik berada pada bulan Juli- Agustus yang dapat memaksimalkan hasil produksi bawang merah. Pada bulan tersebut cuaca di Kabupaten Probolinggo yaitu cerah dan didukung oleh adanya angin gending. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Hartoyo (2020) yang menyatakan bahwa tanaman bawang merah relatif lebih cepat berkembang pada kondisi cuaca cerah dibandingkan cuaca berkabut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "104",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 52,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 65,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jumlah Stok",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 106,
"width": 414,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jumlah stok memiliki skor nilai sebesar 3,73 yang menunjukkan bawah atribut jumlah stok berada pada kategori penting. Jumlah stok dianggap penting karena dapat mempengaruhi keberlanjutan usahatani bawang merah. Menurut petani responden, jumlah stok bibit bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo cukup melimpah, sehingga petani tidak kekurangan bibit bawang merah dari varietas yang digunakan dan dapat terus memproduksi bawang merah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 197,
"width": 74,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Daya Simpan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 210,
"width": 414,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Daya simpan bawang merah berhubungan dengan lamanya bawang merah dapat bertahan tanpa adanya perubahan fisik dari bawang merah tersebut. Daya simpan berada pada kategori penting dengan skor nilai 3,75. Daya simpan dianggap penting oleh petani responden karena dapat mempengaruhi mutu bawang merah sebelum bawang merah laku terjual kepada para konsumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 288,
"width": 79,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil Produksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 301,
"width": 414,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil produksi memiliki skor nilai tingkat kepentingan sebesar 4,50 yang termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat penting. Hasil produksi menjadi atribut yang sangat penting karena dapat mempengaruhi pendapatan yang diterima oleh petani. Hasil produksi yang tinggi dapat memberikan peluang tingginya pendapatan yang diterima petani. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Aswandi dkk. (2020) menyatakan bahwa penerimaan petani akan semakin tinggi apabila hasil produksi bawang merah juga tinggi dan didukung dengan harga jual yang juga tinggi begitu pula sebaliknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 406,
"width": 71,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Produktivitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 419,
"width": 414,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Produktivitas (4,13) dianggap penting oleh petani karena tingkat produktivitas yang tinggi dapat memberikan peluang hasil produksi yang tinggi dan pendapatan yang tinggi pula. Petani cenderung lebih menyukai varietas bawang merah dengan tingkat produktivitas yang lebih tinggi karena dapat memberikan peluang penerimaan yang juga tinggi. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Theresia dkk. (2016) yang menyatakan bahwa petani lebih memilih benih bawang merah impor dibandingkan benih bawang merah lokal karena tingkat produktivitas bawang merah impor yang lebih tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 524,
"width": 414,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tingkat Kepercayaan Atribut Varietas Bawang Merah Tingkat kepercayaan ( belief ) merupakan kepercayaan konsumen (petani) terhadap 17 atribut yang melekat pada dua varietas bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Menurut Fathin dan Marline (2020), kepercayaan konsumen terhadap suatu objek dapat mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian terhadap suatu objek tersebut. Tingkat kepercayaan petani bawang merah diukur menggunakan skala likert. Semakin tinggi nilai tingkat kepercayaan petani menunjukkan bahwa atribut dari varietas bawang merah semakin dipercaya oleh petani. Rentang skor tingkat kepercayaan petani (bi) dapat dilihat pada tabel 3 berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "105",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 57,
"width": 415,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2 Tabel 3. Rentang Skor Tingkat Kepercayaan Atribut (bi) Rentang Skala Kepercayaan (bi) Kategori - 2,0 ≤ x ≤ -1,2 Sangat Rendah - 1,2 < x ≤ -0,4 Rendah - 0,4 < x ≤ 0,4 Cukup Tinggi 0,4 < x ≤ 1,2 Tinggi 1,2 < x ≤ 2.0 Sangat Tinggi Sumber: Nurmalina dkk., 2012",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 214,
"width": 306,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4. Skor Tingkat Kepercayaan Atribut Varietas Biru Lancor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 228,
"width": 400,
"height": 378,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "No Atribut Skor Tingkat Kepercayaan Skor Total Rata- Rata Kategori - 2 -1 0 1 2 1 Bentuk Umbi 0 0 8 31 1 33 0.83 Tinggi 2 Ukuran Umbi 0 0 14 24 2 28 0.70 Tinggi 3 Kekerasan 0 0 0 24 16 56 1.40 Sangat Tinggi 4 Kepedasan 0 0 7 23 10 42 1.08 Tinggi 5 Warna Umbi 0 0 10 21 9 39 0.98 Tinggi 6 Aroma 0 0 5 31 4 39 0.98 Tinggi 7 Jumlah Anakan 0 0 8 19 13 45 1.13 Tinggi 8 Tinggi Tanaman 0 0 21 17 2 21 0.53 Tinggi 9 Kemudahan Pemasaran 0 0 0 22 18 58 1.45 Sangat Tinggi 10 Umur Panen 0 0 0 36 4 44 1.10 Tinggi 11 Harga Bibit 0 0 9 24 7 38 0.95 Tinggi 12 Ketahanan Opt 0 10 7 21 2 15 0.38 Cukup Tinggi 13 Ketahanan Cuaca 0 15 9 13 3 4 0.10 Cukup Tinggi 14 Jumlah Stok 0 0 0 27 13 53 1.33 Sangat Tinggi 15 Daya Simpan 0 0 5 24 11 46 1.15 Tinggi 16 Hasil Produksi 0 0 20 18 2 19 0.55 Tinggi 17 Produktivitas 0 0 18 21 1 23 0.58 Tinggi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 607,
"width": 168,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber : Data Primer Diolah, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 631,
"width": 221,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tingkat Kepercayaan Varietas Biru Lancor",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 644,
"width": 414,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 4, dapat diketahui bahwa atribut varietas Biru Lancor yang memiliki nilai kepercayaan tertinggi yaitu atribut kepedasan dengan skor 1,65. Sedangkan atribut yang memiliki nilai kepercayaan terendah dengan skor 0,05 adalah atribut ketahanan cuaca. Bentuk umbi pada bawang merah varietas Biru Lancor memiliki skor tingkat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "106",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 57,
"width": 415,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2 kepercayaan 0,83 yang menunjukkan bahwa petani responden memiliki kepercayaan yang tinggi terhadap bentuk umbi varietas Biru Lancor. Varietas Biru Lancor sudah memiliki bentuk umbi yang baik yaitu bulat sedikit lonjong. Ukuran umbi varietas Biru Lancor memiliki nilai skor tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 0,70 yang menunjukkan bahwa petani responden memiliki kepercayaan tinggi terhadap ukuran umbi bawang merah Biru Lancor. Ukuran umbi bawang merah Biru Lancor yaitu berdiameter sekitar 2,5 cm yang tergolong dalam umbi besar. Atribut kekerasan pada varietas Biru Lancor (1,40) memiliki tingkat kepercayaan yang sangat tinggi. Menurut Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Probolinggo, bawang merah Biru Lancor memiliki kandungan air yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan varietas Batu Ijo, sehingga varietas Biru Lancor memiliki tekstur umbi yang lebih keras. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Trismawati dkk. (2018) yang menyatakan bahwa varietas Biru Lancor banyak dipilih oleh pelaku agroindustri di Kabupaten Probolinggo karena memiliki kualitas yang lebih unggul yaitu memiliki bulir lebih lonjong, kadar air rendah, serta jumlah anakan yang banyak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 281,
"width": 415,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Skor tingkat kepercayaan atribut kepedasan varietas Biru Lancor adalah 1,08 dengan ketegori tinggi. Bawang merah Biru Lancor dinilai oleh petani responden memiliki tingkat kepedasan yang tinggi, sehingga banyak disukai oleh konsumen. Varietas Biru Lancor memiliki skor tingkat kepercayaan pada atribut warna umbi sebesar 0,98 dengan kategori tinggi, di mana warna umbi varietas Biru Lancor adalah merah keunguan. Aroma varietas Biru Lancor memiliki skor tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 0,98 yang menunjukkan bahwa aroma bawang merah Biru Lancor adalah kuat. Berdasarkan informasi dari Disperta Kabupaten Probolinggo (2023), bawang merah Biru Lancor memiliki aroma yang lebih kuat dibandingkan varietas lainnya, sehingga cocok untuk dijadikan bawang goreng.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 403,
"width": 415,
"height": 189,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jumlah anakan pada varietas Biru Lancor memiliki skor tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 1,13 dengan kategori tinggi. Angka tersebut menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan bawang merah Biru Lancor adalah banyak. Jumlah anakan varietas Biru Lancor sebanyak 8 – 12 anakan. Menurut Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian (2015), varietas Biru Lancor dapat menghasilkan umbi per rumpun sebanyak 8-12 umbi. Skor tingkat kepercayaan atribut tinggi tanaman varietas Biru Lancor adalah 0,53 dengan kategori tinggi. Tinggi tanaman bawang merah Biru Lancor sekitar 30 cm dengan daun yang cukup tebal. Atribut kemudahan pemasaran varietas Biru Lancor memiliki skor tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 1,45 dengan kategori sangat tinggi yang menunjukkan bahwa pemasaran Biru Lancor adalah sangat mudah. Pemasaran bawang merah di Kecamatan Dringu terbilang sangat mudah karena lokasi lahan yang dekat dengan pasar induk bawang merah. Selain itu, sebagian besar petani responden melakukan pemasaran bawang merah melalui pedagang yang datang langsung ke lahan, sehingga proses pemasaran terbilang sangat mudah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 592,
"width": 415,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bawang merah Biru Lancor pada atribut umur panen memiliki skor tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 1,10 dengan kategori tinggi yang menunjukkan bahwa umur panen varietas Biru Lancor adalah pendek. Umur panen bawang merah Biru Lancor yaitu 55-60 hari pada musim hujan dan mencapai 70 hari pada musim kemarau. Harga bibit bawang merah varietas Biru Lancor memiliki skor tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 0,95 dengan kategori tinggi yang bermakna bahwa harga bibit bawang merah varietas Biru Lancor adalah murah. Harga bibit bawang merah Biru Lancor berkisar antara Rp 25.000 sampai Rp 40.000. Bawang merah Biru Lancor pada atribut ketahanan OPT memiliki skor tingkat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "107",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 57,
"width": 415,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2 kepercayaan sebesar 0,38 dengan kategori cukup tinggi yang menunjukkan bahwa varietas Biru Lancor cukup tahan terhadap OPT. Bawang merah Biru Lancor sudah berkembang sejak tahun 2010 dengan intensitas penanaman yang tinggi yaitu sebagian besar petani tidak melakukan rotasi tanaman, khususnya di Kecamatan Dringu. Kondisi tersebut dapat membuat varietas Biru Lancor cukup rentan terhadap OPT. Atribut ketahanan cuaca varietas Biru Lancor memiliki skor tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 0,10 dengan kategori cukup tinggi. Angka tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bawang merah Biru Lancor cukup tahan terhadap cuaca di Kabupaten Probolinggo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 200,
"width": 415,
"height": 203,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Skor tingkat kepercayaan atribut jumlah stok varietas Biru Lancor adalah sebesar 1,33 dengan kategori sangat tinggi yang bermakna bahwa jumlah stok bibit varietas Biru Lancor adalah sangat banyak. Daya simpan varietas Biru Lancor memiliki skor tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 1,15 dengan kategori tinggi. Daya simpan bawang merah Biru Lancor tergolong lama yaitu selama 5 bulan. Varietas Biru Lancor pada atribut hasil produksi memiliki skor tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 0,55 dengan kategori tinggi yang menunjukkan bahwa petani responden percaya bahwa hasil produksi bawang merah pada varietas Biru Lancor tergolong tinggi. Atribut produktivitas varietas Biru Lancor memiliki skor tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 0,58 dengan kategori tinggi yang bermakna bahwa petani responden percaya bahwa tingkat produktivitas Biru Lancor tergolong tinggi, di mana rata-rata produktivitas bawang merah Biru Lancor adalah 8,15 ton/ha pada MT terakhir (tanam bulan September, Oktober 2022) dan mencapai 12 ton/ha pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2022 (cuaca bagus). Jika dibandingkan secara teori, produktivitas varietas Biru Lancor di lapang masih berada di bawah potensi produktivitas varietas Biru Lancor, di mana potensi hasil bawang merah secara teoritis mencapai 16,8 ton/ha (Baswarsiati dkk., 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 413,
"width": 201,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tingkat Kepercayaan Varietas Batu Ijo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 426,
"width": 415,
"height": 244,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 5, dapat diketahui bahwa atribut varietas Batu Ijo yang memiliki nilai kepercayaan tertinggi yaitu atribut ukuran umbi dengan skor 1,45. Sedangkan atribut varietas Batu Ijo yang memiliki nilai kepercayaan terendah dengan skor -0,23 adalah atribut jumlah anakan dan harga bibit. Petani responden memiliki tingkat kepercayaan yang tinggi terhadap bawang merah Batu Ijo (1,00). Bentuk umbi bawang merah varietas Batu Ijo adalah bulat sedikit lonjong. Ukuran umbi varietas Batu Ijo (1,45) memiliki kepercayaan yang sangat tinggi. Ukuran standar umbi bawang merah Batu ijo yaitu berdiameter sekitar 4 cm yang berarti sangat besar. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Febryna dkk. (2019) yang menyatakan bahwa keunggulan bawang merah varietas Batu Ijo yaitu memiliki umbi dengan ukuran yang besar, penampilan tanaman kekar, dan tinggi daun lebih lebar dibandingkan bawang merah lainnya. Atribut kekerasan varietas Batu Ijo (1,00) memiliki kepercayaan tinggi yang bermakna bahwa tingkat kekerasan bawang merah batu Ijo adalah tinggi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa varietas Batu Ijo sudah memiliki umbi yang bertekstur keras. Skor tingkat kepercayaan bawang merah Batu Ijo pada atribut kepedasan adalah 0,35 dengan kategori cukup tinggi yang bermakna bahwa bawang merah Batu Ijo memiliki kepedasan yang cukup tinggi. Atribut warna umbi varietas Batu Ijo (0,65) memiliki kepercayaan tinggi, di mana warna umbi bawang merah Batu Ijo adalah merah tua.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 669,
"width": 415,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Aroma varietas Batu Ijo (0,30) memiliki tingkat kepercayaan cukup tinggi yang bermakna bahwa aroma bawang merah varietas Batu Ijo adalah cukup kuat. Atribut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "108",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 57,
"width": 415,
"height": 171,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2 jumlah anakan (-0,23) memiliki kepercayaan rendah yang berarti bahwa jumlah anakan bawang merah Batu Ijo adalah sedikit. Jumlah anakan rata-rata yang dihasilkan varietas batu Ijo yaitu 4-5 biji. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Fajjriyah (2017) yang menyatakan bahwa Bawang merah Batu Ijo dapat menghasilkan umbi sebanyak 2-5 buah dalam satu rumpun dengan ukuran umbi yang besar. Tinggi tanaman (0,98) memiliki kepercayaan tinggi yang bermakna bahwa tinggi tanaman varietas Batu Ijo adalah tinggi, di mana tinggi tanaman bawang merah Batu Ijo sekitar 40 cm dengan daun yang tebal. Atribut kemudahan pemasaran (1,25) memiliki kepercayaan sangat tinggi yang menunjukkan bahwa pemasaran bawang merah Batu Ijo di Kabupaten Probolinggo adalah sangat mudah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 227,
"width": 415,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Umur panen (1,15) memiliki kepercayaan tinggi yang bermakna bahwa umur panen bawang merah Batu Ijo adalah pendek. Umur panen bawang merah Batu Ijo yaitu 55-60 hari pada musim hujan dan mencapai 70 hari pada musim kemarau. Atribut harga bibit varietas Batu Ijo (-0,23) memiliki kepercayaan rendah yang berarti bahwa harga bibit bawang merah Batu Ijo mahal. Kisaran harga bibit bawang merah Batu Ijo per kg yaitu antara Rp 30.000 sampai Rp 50.000, bahkan sempat mencapai harga Rp 100.000 per kg bibit. Tingkat kepercayaan atribut ketahanan OPT (0,73) adalah tinggi yang berarti bahwa varietas Batu Ijo tahan terhadap OPT. Berdasarkan informasi dari pihak Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Probolinggo, varietas Batu Ijo merupakan varietas baru yang dikembangkan oleh petani, sehingga memiliki daya tahan yang tinggi terhadap keberadaan OPT di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Atribut ketahanan cuaca (0,13) memiliki kepercayaan cukup tinggi yang menunjukkan bahwa varietas Batu Ijo cukup tahan terhadap kondisi cuaca yang ada di Kabupaten Probolinggo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 403,
"width": 415,
"height": 230,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Atribut jumlah stok (1,10) memiliki kepercayaan tinggi yang menunjukkan bahwa jumlah stok bibit varietas Batu Ijo tergolong banyak, sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan petani. Petani responden juga dapat melakukan pembenihan sendiri dengan cara seleksi umbi bawang merah. Kondisi tersebut dapat mendorong ketersediaan bibit varietas Batu Ijo di Kabupaten Probolinggo. Daya simpan (0,35) memiliki kepercayaan cukup tinggi yang berarti daya simpan bawang merah Batu Ijo cukup lama. Bawang merah Batu Ijo memiliki daya simpan selama 3-4 bulan. Atribut hasil produksi (0,68) memiliki kepercayaan tinggi yang bermakna bahwa hasil produksi varietas Batu Ijo adalah tinggi. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Febryna dkk. (2019) yang menyatakan bahwa hasil produksi yang tinggi pada bawang merah varietas Batu Ijo disebabkan oleh ukuran umbi yang lebih besar dibandingkan varietas lainnya. Atribut produktivitas (0,70) memiliki kepercayaan yang tinggi di mana rata-rata produktivitas bawang merah Batu Ijo adalah 8,4 ton/ha pada MT terakhir (tanam bulan September, Oktober 2022) dan mencapai 12,6 ton/ha pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2022 (cuaca bagus). Jika dibandingkan secara teori, produktivitas varietas Batu Ijo di lapang masih berada di bawah potensi produktivitas varietas Batu Ijo, di mana potensi hasil bawang merah secara teoritis mencapai 16 ton/ha (Baswarsiati dkk., 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "109",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 52,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 281,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 5. Skor Tingkat Kepercayaan Atribut Varietas Batu Ijo",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 106,
"width": 410,
"height": 318,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "No Atribut Skor Tingkat Kepercayaan Skor Total Rata- Rata Kategori -2 -1 0 1 2 1 Bentuk Umbi 0 0 2 36 2 40 1.00 Tinggi 2 Ukuran Umbi 0 0 2 18 20 58 1.45 Sangat Tinggi 3 Kekerasan 0 0 3 34 3 40 1.00 Tinggi 4 Kepedasan 0 0 27 12 1 14 0.35 Cukup Tinggi 5 Warna Umbi 0 0 18 17 5 27 0.68 Tinggi 6 Aroma 0 0 28 12 0 12 0.30 Cukup Tinggi 7 Jumlah Anakan 0 15 19 6 0 -9 -0.23 Rendah 8 Tinggi Tanaman 0 0 9 23 8 39 0.98 Tinggi 9 Kemudahan Pemasaran 0 0 0 30 10 50 1.25 Sangat Tinggi 10 Umur Panen 0 0 1 32 7 46 1.15 Tinggi 11 Harga Bibit 2 10 23 5 0 -9 -0.23 Rendah 12 Ketahanan Opt 0 5 6 24 5 29 0.73 Tinggi 13 Ketahanan Cuaca 0 12 12 15 1 5 0.13 Cukup Tinggi 14 Jumlah Stok 0 0 2 32 6 44 1.10 Tinggi 15 Daya Simpan 0 3 21 15 1 14 0.35 Cukup Tinggi 16 Hasil Produksi 0 0 13 27 0 27 0.68 Tinggi 17 Produktivitas 0 0 12 28 0 28 0.70 Tinggi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 426,
"width": 168,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber : Data Primer Diolah, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 449,
"width": 340,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perbandingan Preferensi Petani terhadap Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 463,
"width": 414,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bawang merah varietas Biru Lancor memiliki nilai preferensi total sebesar 59,99 dan varietas Batu Ijo memiliki nilai preferensi total sebesar 45,42. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa varietas Biru Lancor lebih disukai dibandingkan dengan varietas Batu Ijo. Jika dilihat dari nilai preferensi setiap atribut, kemudahan pemasaran menjadi atribut tertinggi pada varietas Biru Lancor (6,63) dan atribut tertinggi kedua pada varietas Batu Ijo (5,72). Kemudahan pemasaran sangat mendukung keberhasilan dan keberlanjutan kegiatan usahatani bawang merah. Kemudahan pemasaran bawang merah di Kecamatan Dringu Kabupaten Probolinggo ditunjang oleh adanya pasar induk bawang merah yang terletak di Kecamatan Dringu. Jarak lahan dengan pasar bawang merah menjadi alasan pemasaran bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo terbilang mudah. Pemasaran bawang merah Biru Lancor cenderung lebih mudah dibandingkan dengan Batu Ijo, hal tersebut terjadi karena konsumen lebih menyukai bawang merah Biru Lancor dibandingkan Batu Ijo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "110",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 68,
"width": 415,
"height": 390,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 2 Tabel 6. Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo No Atribut Skor Tingkat Kepentingan (ei) Nilai Preferensi Petani (ei.bi) Biru Lancor Batu Ijo bi ei bi bi ei bi 1 Bentuk Umbi 3.63 0.83 2.99 1.00 3.63 2 Ukuran Umbi 3.95 0.70 2.77 1.45 5.73 3 Kekerasan 4.30 1.40 6.02 1.00 4.30 4 Kepedasan 3.50 1.08 3.76 0.35 1.23 5 Warna Umbi 3.85 0.98 3.75 0.68 2.60 6 Aroma 3.43 0.98 3.34 0.30 1.03 7 Jumlah Anakan 4.13 1.33 5.47 -0.23 -0.93 8 Tinggi tanaman 3.43 0.53 1.80 0.98 3.34 9 Kemudahan pemasaran 4.58 1.45 6.63 1.25 5.72 10 Umur panen 3.50 1.10 3.85 1.15 4.03 11 Harga bibit 3.33 0.95 3.16 -0.23 -0.75 12 Ketahanan OPT 4.83 0.38 1.81 0.73 3.50 13 Ketahanan cuaca 4.88 0.10 0.49 0.13 0.61 14 Jumlah Stok 3.73 1.33 4.94 1.10 4.10 15 Daya simpan 3.75 1.15 4.31 0.35 1.31 16 Hasil produksi 4.50 0.55 2.48 0.68 3.04 17 Produktivitas 4.23 0.58 2.43 0.70 2.96 Total 59.99 45.42",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 458,
"width": 165,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber: Data Primer Diolah, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 481,
"width": 415,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan nilai preferensi petani pada setiap atribut, varietas Biru Lancor unggul dalam tingkat rasa, sedangkan varietas Batu Ijo unggul dalam segi ukuran umbi. Ukuran standar umbi bawang merah Batu Ijo cenderung lebih besar dibandingkan Biru Lancor, namun tingkat rasa masih di bawah dari varietas Biru Lancor. Rasa pedas dari bawang merah juga berpengaruh terhadap aroma yang dikeluarkan oleh bawang merah. Berdasarkan informasi dari petani responden, varietas bawang merah Biru Lancor lebih pedas dan beraroma lebih kuat dibandingkan Batu Ijo. Hal tersebut yang menyebabkan konsumen bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo lebih menyukai bawang merah Biru Lancor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 603,
"width": 415,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bawang merah Biru Lancor dan Batu Ijo sama-sama bertekstur keras, namun jika dilihat dari nilai preferensinya, tingkat kekerasan bawang merah Biru Lancor (6,02) lebih tinggi dibandingkan bawang merah Batu Ijo (4,30). Kondisi tersebut disebabkan oleh tingkat kandungan air pada umbi masing-masing varietas. Kandungan air pada varietas Biru Lancor lebih rendah dibandingkan varietas Batu Ijo (Disperta Kabupaten Probolinggo, 2023). Kandungan air pada umbi bawang merah juga berhubungan dengan daya simpan, di mana bawang merah Biru Lancor memiliki daya simpan yang lebih lama",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "111",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 57,
"width": 415,
"height": 211,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2 dibandingkan bawang merah Batu Ijo. Jika dilihat dari nilai preferensi daya simpannya, varietas Biru Lancor memiliki nilai 4,31 dan varietas Batu Ijo sebesar 1,31. Jumlah anakan varietas Biru Lancor (5,47) memiliki nilai preferensi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas Batu Ijo (-0,93). Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan bawang merah Biru Lancor lebih banyak dibandingkan bawang merah Batu Ijo. Sedangkan, pada tinggi tanaman nilai preferensi varietas Biru Lancor (1,80) lebih rendah dibandingkan varietas Batu Ijo (3,34) yang bermakna bahwa tinggi tanaman bawang merah Batu Ijo lebih tinggi dibandingkan Biru Lancor. Umur panen kedua varietas relatif sama yaitu sekitar 50 – 60 hari di musim hujan dan mencapai 70 hari di musim kemarau. Jumlah stok bibit dari masing-masing varietas adalah banyak, sehingga petani tidak mengalami kesulitan dalam perolehan bibit. Harga bibit bawang merah Batu Ijo cenderung lebih mahal dibandingkan bawang merah Biru Lancor, di mana nilai preferensi harga bibit dari Batu Ijo yaitu -0,75 dan Biru Lancor sebesar 3,16.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 268,
"width": 415,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tingkat hasil produksi dan produktivitas bawang merah Biru Lancor cenderung lebih rendah dibandingkan Batu Ijo. Menurut pihak Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Probolinggo, rendahnya tingkat produksi dan produktivitas bawang merah Biru Lancor disebabkan oleh tidak adanya pemutusan rantai hama di Kecamatan Dringu karena sebagian besar petani selalu menanam bawang merah di sepanjang tahun, tanpa adanya rotasi tanaman yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat serangan OPT dan juga kualitas tanah. Berdasarkan informasi di lapang, varietas Batu Ijo cenderung lebih tahan terhadap OPT, namun juga cukup rentan terhadap cuaca di Kabupaten Probolinggo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 376,
"width": 415,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tingkat evaluasi kepercayaan dari masing-masing varietas bawang merah juga dapat dibandingkan melalui grafik jaring laba-laba. Grafik jaring laba-laba menggambarkan perbedaan tingkat evaluasi kepercayaan dari setiap atribut pada setiap varietas bawang merah, sehingga dapat memudahkan pembaca untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kepercayaan atribut di antara kedua varietas tersebut. Grafik jaring laba-laba mengenai perbandingan tingkat evaluasi kepercayaan varietas Biru Lancor dan Batu Ijo dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 470,
"width": 414,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 1, dapat diketahui bahwa setiap varietas bawang merah memiliki keunggulan pada atribut-atribut tertentu yang ditandai dengan garis yang lebih menonjol. Varietas Biru Lancor unggul pada kekerasan, kepedasan, warna umbi, aroma, jumlah anakan, kemudahan pemasaran, harga benih, jumlah stok, dan daya simpan. Sedangkan varietas Batu Ijo unggul pada atribut bentuk umbi, ukuran umbi, tinggi tanaman, umur panen, ketahanan OPT, ketahanan cuaca, hasil produksi, dan produktivitas. Secara keseluruhan, bawang merah varietas Biru Lancor lebih unggul dan lebih disukai oleh petani dibandingkan varietas Batu Ijo. Hal tersebut dikarenakan bawang merah Biru Lancor memiliki mutu yang relatif lebih baik yaitu dari warna umbi, tingkat kepedasan, aroma, kekerasan, dan daya simpan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "112",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 477,
"top": 68,
"width": 51,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 297,
"width": 168,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber : Data Primer Diolah, 2023",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 320,
"width": 384,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gambar 1. Grafik Jaring Laba-Laba Mengenai Tingkat Kepercayaan Petani terhadap Setiap Atribut pada Varietas Biru Lancor dan Batu Ijo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 357,
"width": 67,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 370,
"width": 417,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan yang telah diuraikan, diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu keseluruhan atribut bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo dianggap penting oleh petani. Berdasarkan tingkat kepercayaannya, masing-masing varietas bawang merah memiliki keunggulan terhadap atribut-atributnya yaitu varietas Biru Lancor unggul pada atribut kekerasan, kepedasan, warna umbi, aroma, jumlah anakan, kemudahan pemasaran, harga benih, jumlah stok, dan daya simpan. Sedangkan varietas Batu Ijo unggul pada atribut bentuk umbi, ukuran umbi, tinggi tanaman, umur panen, ketahanan OPT, ketahanan cuaca, hasil produksi, dan produktivitas. Secara keseluruhan, varietas Biru Lancor lebih disukai oleh petani dibandingkan varietas Batu Ijo. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peneliti menyarankan bahwa petani sebaiknya menggunakan varietas Biru Lancor karena nilai preferensi petani terhadap varietas Biru Lancor lebih tinggi dibandingkan Batu Ijo yang menunjukkan bahwa varietas Biru Lancor memiliki kualitas atribut yang lebih unggul.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 556,
"width": 110,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 579,
"width": 416,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Arafah, S. N., Lubis, Y., & Saragih, F. H. (2019). Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Bawang Merah Di Kota Medan. Jurnal Penelitian Agrisamudra , 6 (2), 124 – 132.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 636,
"width": 416,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Astutik, A. D., Maflahah, I., & Rakhmawati. (2019). Analisis Preferensi Konsumen terhadap Garam Fortifikasi Kelor. Agriekonomika , 8 (2), 117 – 127.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 98,
"width": 272,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "-2,00 0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 Bentuk Umbi Ukuran Umbi Kekerasan Kepedasan Warna Umbi Aroma Jumlah Anakan Tinggi tanaman Kemudahan… Umur panen Harga benih Ketahanan OPT Ketahanan cuaca Jumlah Stok Daya simpan Hasil produksi Produktivitas Varietas Biru Lancor Varietas Batu Ijo",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "113",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 52,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 417,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Aswandi, O., Amnilis, & Gusriati. (2020). Analisa Usahatani Bawang Merah Mulsa Plastik Hitam Perak Di Desa Sangir Tengah, Kecamatan Kayu Aro, Kabupaten Kerinci. Jurnal Mahasiswa Pertania , 4 (1), 38 – 47.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 149,
"width": 417,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Awami, S. N., Wahyuningsih, S., & Rina. (2019). Preferensi Petani Terhadap Beberapa Varietas Bawang Merah Kabupaten Demak. AGRIC Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian , 31 (2),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 180,
"width": 45,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "147 – 158.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 205,
"width": 417,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Analisis Bawang Merah Jawa Timur 2019 . Surabaya : BPS Provinsi Jawa Timur.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 246,
"width": 417,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Baswarsiati, T. Sudaryono, K.B. Andri, dan S. Purnomo. (2014). Pengembangan Varietas Bawang Merah Potensial dari Jawa Timur. Jawa Timur : Badan Litbang Pertanian. Budi, R.S. (2021). Eksplorasi dan Konservasi Sumberdaya Genetik Padi Lokal Sumut . Sumatera Barat : CV. Azka Pustaka.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 329,
"width": 335,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Damiati. (2017). Perilaku Konsumen . Depok : PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 354,
"width": 417,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Elvina, A., Nugroho, N., Hutabarat, F. A. M., Ivone, & Ciamas, E. S. (2021). Pengaruh Brand Ambassador Terhadap Keputusan Pembeli (Di Platform E-Commerce Shopee Dan Tokopedia). EKUITAS , 3 (1), 12 – 16.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 411,
"width": 417,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Entaunayah, N., Barus, H., & Adrianton. (2015). Tanggap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum.L) Varietas Lembah Palu Pada Berbagai Ukuran Umbi Dan Dosis Pupuk Kalium. Agroland , 22 (2), 106 – 113.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 467,
"width": 417,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fathin, S., & Marline, W. (2020). Analisis Sikap Multiatribut Fishbein Terhadap Bunga Krisan pada PT. Kebun Ciputri Molek Cianjur. AGRISIA , 12 (2), 1 – 8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 508,
"width": 417,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Febryna, R., Hayati, M., & Kesumawati, E. (2019). Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Varietas Bawang Merah Dataran Tinggi ( Allium ascalonicum L .) Akibat Jarak Tanam yang Berbeda di Dataran Rendah. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian , 4 (1), 108 – 117.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 581,
"width": 364,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hanafie, R. (2010). Pengantar Ekonomi Pertanian . Yogyakarta : CV. Andi Offset.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 606,
"width": 417,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hartoyo. (2020). Potensi Bawang Merah Sebagai Tanaman Herbal Untuk Kesehatan Masyarakat Desa Jemasih Kec. Ketanggungan Kab. Brebes. Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia , 5 (10), 1109 – 1120.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 663,
"width": 377,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasanuddin. (2018). Botani Tumbuhan Tinggi . Aceh : Syiah Kuala University Press.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "114",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 52,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 417,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Iriani, E. (2013). Prospek Pengembangan Inovasi Teknologi Bawang Merah Di Lahan Sub Optimal (Lahan Pasir) Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani. Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah , 11 (2), 231 – 243.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 149,
"width": 417,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jasmi, Sulistyaningsih, E., & Indradewa, D. (2013). Pengaruh Vernalisasi Umbi Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Pembungaan Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) di Dataran Rendah. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) , 16 (1), 42 – 57.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 205,
"width": 417,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kania, S. R., & Maghfoer, M. D. (2018). Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kandang Kambing Dan Waktu Aplikasi PGPR Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Allium ascaloniucum L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman , 6 (3), 407 – 414.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 262,
"width": 416,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Karo, B. B., & Manik, F. (2020). Observasi Dan Adaptasi 10 Varietas Bawang Merah (Allium cepa) DI Berastagi Dataran Tinggi Basah. Agroteknosains , 4 (2), 1 – 9.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 303,
"width": 416,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nasrudin, & Elizani, P. (2019). Pengaruh Simulasi La Nina Terhadap Mutu Bawang Merah Selama Penyimpanan Suhu Ruang. AGROSCRIPT , 1 (2), 62 – 69.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 344,
"width": 417,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nurmalina, R., Harmini, Koes, A., & Rosiana, N. (2012). Analisis Sikap Petani Terhadap Atribut Benih Unggul Jagung Hibrida Di Sulawesi Selatan. Prosiding Penelitian Unggulan Departemen Agribisnis . 1-21.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 401,
"width": 417,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pranadi, B., Darsono, D., & Ferichani, M. (2022). Peramalan Luas Tanam dan Strategi Pengembangan Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Jurnal Pangan , 31 (2), 155 – 166.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 457,
"width": 416,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sahara, Utari, M. H., & Azijah, Z. (2019). Volatilitas Harga Bawang Merah Di Indonesia. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan , 13 (2), 309 – 336.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 498,
"width": 417,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setiadi, N.J. (2015). Perilaku Konsumen : Edisi Revisi . Jakarta : Kencana Prenada Media Group.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 539,
"width": 390,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Septiana, A. (2017). Analisis Perilaku Konsumen . Pamekasan : Duta Media Publishing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 565,
"width": 417,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sholikin, A. R., & Didik, H. (2019). Studi Perubahan Curah Hujan terhadap Produktivitas Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) di Beberapa Sentra Produksi. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman , 7 (9), 1587 – 1594.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 621,
"width": 417,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Simarmata, L., Osak, R. E. M. F., Endoh, E. K. M., & Oroh, F. N. S. (2019). Analisis Preferensi Konsumen Dalam Membeli Daging Broiler Di Pasar Tradisional Kota Manado (Studi Kasus “Pasar Pinasungkulan Karombasan”). Zootec , 39 (2), 194 – 202.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 15,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "115",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 67,
"width": 326,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. Qomariah & A. Zainuddin, Preferensi Petani dalam Memilih Varietas Bawang Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 52,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Benchmark Vol. 3 No. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 92,
"width": 417,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Theresia, V., Fariyanti, A., & Tinaprilla, N. (2016). Analisis Persepsi Petani Terhadap Penggunaan Benih Bawang Merah Lokal dan Impor di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Penyuluhan , 12 (1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 149,
"width": 416,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Trismawati, Basit, A., & Nuriyanti, R. (2018). Camilan Bawang Khas Probolinggo Dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Pasar Nasional. Abdimas , 1 (2), 96 – 106.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 190,
"width": 420,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vira, A.H. (2020). Dinamika Populasi dan Ketahanan Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Bawang Merah ( Allium cepa var ascalonicum L.) terhadap Hama Ulat Bawang ( Spodoptera exigua Hubner ). Skripsi. Tidak Diterbitkan. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Jember : Jember.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 246,
"width": 417,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Wulandari, T. R., Puspitorini, P., & Serdani, A. D. (2021). Dosis Pupuk Organik Dan Jarak Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah ( Allium ascalonicum L .) E-mail : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pertanian , 11 (2), 76 – 85.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 304,
"width": 417,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Zukryandry, Hidayat, B., & Berliana, D. (2019). Analisis Preferensi Konsumen dan Proksimat Cookies Bebas Gluten Berbahan Baku Tepung Ubi Kayu ( Manihot utilissima ) Tinggi Protein Analysis on Preferences of Consumers and Proximates of Gluten Free Cookies with High Protein Cassava Flour. Journal of Food System and Agribusiness , 3 (2), 14 – 22.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
ef67956f-b5df-69ba-64c9-ac9685d3977d | http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti/article/download/507/480 | [
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 774,
"width": 361,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 974",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 118,
"width": 389,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 172,
"width": 388,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wiki Siam Babako 1 , Melkior N. N. Sitokdana 2 1,2 Program Studi Sistem Informasi, Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia e-mail: 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 231,
"width": 40,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 243,
"width": 399,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Drinking water depot (DAM) is a business that is run through the process of treating ordinary water into water that can be consumed and sold to consumers. In order for the goal to be achieved, the owner of the drinking water depot needs an application that can help with marketing and promotion. Therefore, researchers designed an application called the GaGas application which stands for gallons and gas, besides that gagas in the Dayak Kanayatn language means good, charming, and good. The method used in this study is a descriptive method, by describing and interpreting objects according to existing conditions. In software development using the prototype method. Application testing uses the Black Box Testing method which is carried out to find every error in the application. In the test results using the Black Box Testing method, it was found that the suitability of the expected results was found, with the results that have been obtained, it can be concluded that the application 974has very few / minimal system errors or bugs.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 395,
"width": 379,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Drinking Water Depot, Prototype Method, Black Box Testing, Application, Galon",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 419,
"width": 38,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 430,
"width": 399,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Depot air minum (DAM) adalah sebuah usaha yang dijalankan melalui proses pengolahan air biasa menjadi air yang dapat dikonsumsi dan dijual kepada konsumen. Agar tujuan tercapai, pemilik depot air minum membutuhkan sebuah aplikasi yang dapat membantu pemasaran maupun promosi. Oleh karena itu peneliti merancang aplikasi yang beri nama aplikasi GaGas yang memiliki kepanjangan galon dan gas, selain itu gagas dalam bahasa Dayak Kanayatn berarti bagus, menawan, dan baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, dengan menggambarkan dan mengintepretasikan objek sesuai dengan kondisi yang ada. Pada pengembangan perangkat lunak menggunakan metode prototype. Pengujian aplikasi menggunakan metode Black Box Testing yang di lakukan untuk menemukan setiap kesalahan yang ada dalam aplikasi. Pada hasil pengujian menggunakan metode Black Box Testing ditemukan kesesuaian hasil yang di harapkan, dengan hasil yang telah diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi memiliki kesalahan atau bug sistem yang sangat sedikit/minimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 594,
"width": 352,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Depot Air Minum, Metode Prototype, Black Box Testing, Aplikasi, Galon",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 618,
"width": 99,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 632,
"width": 399,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Di era globalisasi teknologi informasi mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat. Teknologi informasi menjadi kebutuhan utama perusahaan dalam mempermudah setiap pekerjaan yang dilakukan. Perusahaan mengalami ketergantungan terhadap teknologi informasi karena dengan adanya teknologi informasi perusahaan dengan mudah melakukan manajemen perusahaan. Teknologi informasi adalah alat bantu bagi manusia dalam membuat, mengubah, menyimpan, mengkomunikasikan dan menyebarkan informasi melalui media elektronik . Information Technology",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 774,
"width": 358,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 975",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 118,
"width": 399,
"height": 394,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Association of America menyebutkan bahwa teknologi informasi adalah suatu studi, perancangan, implementasi, pengembangan, dukungan atau manajemen sistem informasi berbasis komputer, khususnya pada aplikasi perangkat keras (hardware) dan perangkat lunak (software) komputer. Penelitian dilakukan untuk merancang aplikasi pemesanan air galon isi ulang berbasis mobile di Kota Salatiga. Perancangan aplikasi ini sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat dalam melakukan pemesanan air galon yang mudah dan efisien. Berdasarkan fakta yang ada tentang pemesanan air galon di Kota Salatiga masih dilakukan secara manual. Proses penjualan yang dilakukan oleh penjual air galon dilakukan dengan berkeliling dan menerima pesanan melalui pesan WhatsApp maupun media sosial lainnya untuk menemukan konsumen. Tentunya proses penjualan seperti ini sangat sulit dan tidak efisien. Selain proses pemesanan yang ribet, ada beberapa permasalahan yang sering dijumpai, seperti lokasi depot air yang tidak strategis, kualitas air yang tidak terjamin, sumber air yang tidak jelas, dan proses pengambilan/penyaringan air sesuai standar yang berlaku atau tidak. Perancangan aplikasi pemesanan air galon merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat diterapkan dalam mengatasi permasalahan yang ada di Kota Salatiga khususnya depot air dan penjual air galon. Aplikasi ini tentunya melakukan seleksi dalam menerima setiap pemilik usaha yang ingin menjadi salah satu agen penjual air galon. Seleksi agen penjual air galon dilakukan dengan memeriksa lokasi depot air, kualitas air, sumber air, dan proses penyaringan. Proses seleksi sangat diperlukan demi kepentingan konsumen yang nantinya akan melakukan pemesanan melalui aplikasi. Melihat kondisi Kota Salatiga yang strategis dan banyak didatangi oleh mahasiswa dari berbagai daerah membuat aplikasi pemesanan air galon isi ulang berbasis mobile sangat diperlukan dalam membantu kebutuhan para mahasiswa dalam mendapatkan air minum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 512,
"width": 399,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan aplikasi berbasis mobile sebelumnya pernah dilakukan oleh beberapa peneliti, seperti “Perancangan dan Implementasi Aplikasi Catat Meter PDAM Berbasis Android ”, yang disusun oleh Yudi Kurniawan dan M.A Ineke Pakereng, M.Kom (2016)[1]. Penelitian ini membahas tentang perancangan dan pengimplementasian aplikasi yang dapat membantu dalam proses pencatatan meter dalam menentukan biaya penggunaan air oleh pelanggan PDAM di Kota Salatiga. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan data yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pembuatan aplikasi berbasis mobile . Studi kasus lainnya dari penelitian yang berjudul “Aplikasi Pembelian Air Minum Isi Ulang Berbasis Android ”, penelitian ini disusun oleh Fajar Ratnawati, Muhamad Azren, dan Agus Tedyyana (2019)[2]. Topik bahasan dalam penelitian ini tentang perancangan aplikasi pembelian air minum yang dapat dilakukan hanya dengan menggunakan aplikasi yang ada di smartphone. Tujuan pembuatan aplikasi ini adalah membantu masyarakat dalam proses pembelian air minum isi ulang dan memilih jenis air dari depot.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 148,
"top": 773,
"width": 362,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 976",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 118,
"width": 399,
"height": 268,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Syukria Fiki, Indri Rahmayuni dan Deddy Pratama (2021) melakukan penelitian yang berjudul “Aplikasi Pemesanan air Galon Online Dengan Fitur Tracking Posisi Pengantar Galon Berbasis Android ”[3], penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat aplikasi pemesanan air galon yang dilakukan dengan proses pelacakan lokasi terhadap pengantar galon apabila pelanggan telah melakukan pesanan. Pada tahun 2018 sebuah penelitian berjudul “Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Mineral Berbasis Android Pada PT. Citra Golden Tunggal Pangkalpinang” penelitian ini ditulis oleh Rendy Rian Chrisna Putra dan Ita Lestari.Penelitian ini membahas tentang perancangan aplikasi pemesanan air mineral berbasis android [4] . Perbedaan empat penelitian diatas dengan penelitian ini adalah pada aplikasi hanya berfokus pada penjualan galon isi ulang dan gas LPG yang tentunya sangat membantu para ibu rumah tangga dalam mempermudah memperoleh barang yang di perlukan. Tampilan aplikasi sangat menarik dan mudah di pahami membuat user tidak kesusahan dalam melakukan pemesanan. Selain user yang di permudah, penjual juga di permudah dengan ada nya aplikasi ini dalam proses promosi dan pemasaran barang. Tentunya pada penelitian ini melakukan penambahan dan pengurangan nilai dari empat penelitian di atas menjadi perbedaan penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 400,
"width": 160,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 414,
"width": 399,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode penelitian adalah sebuah panduan dalam memilih sebuah gambaran, prosedur, saat itu juga dan lokasi pengambilan data. Metode yg dipakai pada penelitian ini merupakan metode deskriptif. Metode penelitian deskriptif adalah metode penelitian yang berupaya buat mendeskripsikan dan menginterpretasi objek apa adanya sinkron menggunakan syarat yang ada. Metode ini umumnya diklaim menggunakan metode non-eksperimen, lantaran tidak melakukan kontrol manipulasi terhadap variabel penelitian[12].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 541,
"width": 133,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.1. Tahapan Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 555,
"width": 399,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode pengembangan perangkat lunak untuk penelitian ini menggunakan prototype . Selama proses pembuatan prototype , pengembang dan pengguna perlu memahami bahwa prototype dibangun untuk menentukan persyaratan awal. Prototyping pengembang sistem bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dari pengguna sehingga mereka dapat berinteraksi dengan model prototype yang sedang dikembangkan. Ini karena prototype menggambarkan versi awal dari sistem untuk melanjutkan dengan sistem nyata yang lebih besar[9].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 774,
"width": 358,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 977",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 173,
"top": 277,
"width": 278,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Prototyping Model oleh Khosrow-Pour[13]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 303,
"width": 310,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Langkah-langkah untuk prototyping adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 317,
"width": 114,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a) Listen to Customer",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 331,
"width": 363,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Langkah ini membutuhkan pertemuan antara pengembang dan pelanggan untuk menentukan tujuan keseluruhan dari perangkat lunak. Langkah ini membutuhkan data yang didapatkan langsung dari customer yaitu pengumpulan data. Pengumpulan data merupakan langkah dalam mencari informasi yang dibutuhkan. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 415,
"width": 71,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Observasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 430,
"width": 345,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tahapan ini dilakukan dengan mengamati langsung lokasi depot air minum yang ada di daerah Kota Salatiga. Mengamati proses pemesanan air minum isi ulang yang dilakukan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 472,
"width": 81,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Wawancara",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 486,
"width": 345,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wawancara dilakukan dengan membuat pertanyaan yang ditujukan kepada masyarakat dan pemilik depot air minum isi ulang.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 528,
"width": 91,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3) Studi Pustaka",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 542,
"width": 345,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mencari informasi dan referensi menyangkut topik yang diinginkan yaitu aplikasi pemesanan air galon isi ulang berbasis mobile melalui jurnal, buku, artikel dan sumber lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 584,
"width": 131,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b) Build/Revise Mock-Up",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 598,
"width": 363,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Proses desain merepresentasikan perangkat lunak kepada pelanggan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 612,
"width": 363,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Satzinger, dkk (2012) menyimpulkan bahwa pada desain sistem memiliki perancangan skema basis data dan relasi yang di kembangkan dari domain Class Diagram yang diidentifikasikan secara terpisah. Desain sangat penting karena bermanfaat sebagai pemenuhan tujuan yang akan dicapai. Pada desain sistem terdapat kegiatan mendesain yang hasilnya merupakan sebuah spesifikasi yang berasal dari sistem[9]. Proses ini meliputi input, proses, dan output sistem. Apabila proses desain sudah selesai maka proses pembangunan prototype akan berlangsung sesuai dengan desain yang telah ditentukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 148,
"top": 773,
"width": 362,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 978",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 118,
"width": 173,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c) Customer Test Drives Mock-Up",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 132,
"width": 363,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prototype yang sudah selesai dibuat akan diuji oleh pelanggan, menentukan kesesuaian kebutuhan perangkat lunak. Pengujian sistem merupakan hal penting yang bertujuan dalam pencarian kesalahan atau kekurangan perangkat lunak. Pada penelitian ini pengujian sistem dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode BlackBox Testing . BlackBox Testing adalah pengujian yang dilakukan berdasarkan detail aplikasi seperti tampilan, fungsi, dan kesesuaian aplikasi yang diinginkan customer. Setelah mock up dievaluasi oleh customer tahapan berikutnya mock up menjadi bahan rujukan bagi pengembang software dalam merancang aplikasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 287,
"width": 108,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.2. Landasan Teori",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 301,
"width": 399,
"height": 183,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem merupakan sebuah jaringan kerja yang mempunyai prosedur saling berhubungan satu dengan yang lain guna melakukan kegiatan untuk menyelesaikan sebuah tujuan tertentu dengan elemen yang saling berinteraksi dalam sebuah tujuan bersama. Ada beberapa elemen atau bagian yang memiliki hubungan dan berpengaruh dalam terbentuknya sebuah sistem, seperti masukan (input ), proses bagian atau elemen, dan keluaran ( output ). Pada sistem informasi output atau keluaran biasanya berupa laporan, saran, informasi, dan sebuah cetakan yang dinilai sebagai hasil dari input , proses, dan output yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Informasi adalah faktor yang sangat penting, karena informasi sangat berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup sebuah organisasi. Informasi sendiri merupakan sebuah data yang diolah sedemikian rupa hingga menjadi sebuah bentuk yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kita[5].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 484,
"width": 399,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem informasi adalah sistem pendukung operasional perusahaan, sistem informasi menyediakan berbagai macam informasi perusahaan yang membantu manajemen dalam melakukan proses pengambilan keputusan. Alter (1992) menyimpulkan bahwa sistem informasi merupakan sebuah kombinasi yang meliputi prosedur kerja, orang, informasi, dan teknologi informasi yang terorganisir demi tercapainya tujuan sebuah organisasi. Menurut Gelinas, Oram, dan Wiggins (1990), sistem informasi merupakan sebuah sistem yang di rancang oleh manusia yang terdiri dari sekumpulan komponen berbasis komputer maupun manual yang bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan, menyimpan, mengelola data, dan memberikan informasi kepada user [6].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 639,
"width": 399,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemesanan merupakan proses atau kegiatan konsumen saat sebelum melakukan pembelian sebuah barang. Sebuah perusahaan harus memiliki sistem pemesanan barang yang baik, dengan sistem pemesanan yang baik makan tingkat kepuasan konsumen akan meningkat, Susanti dan Prabowo (2014). Proses pemesanan memiliki beberapa tahapan seperti proses pemesanan, pembuatan pesanan dan cara melakukan pesanan. Menurut Kotler dan Amstrong (2014) untuk memperkenalkan perusahaan kepada publik, perusahaan harus mempunyai metode yang dapat bersaing dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 774,
"width": 358,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 979",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 118,
"width": 399,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "perusahaan lain seperti melakukan promosi. Promosi sendiri merupakan sebuah kegiatan yang dilakukan guna memperkenalkan produk dengan memperlihatkan keunggulan produk, dengan memanfaatkan keunggulan yang dimiliki maka konsumen akan terbujuk dan membeli produk tersebut. Penelitian ini akan merancang sebuah aplikasi berbasis mobile , aplikasi mobile adalah aplikasi yang dirancang untuk pengguna Operation System (OS) mobile baik itu IOS maupun android . Aplikasi ini dapat dioperasikan pada smartphone, ipod , dan tablet [7]. Menurut Hermawan (2011:1), android adalah OS (Sistem Operasi) mobile yang tumbuh ditengah OS lainnya yang dikembangkan dewasa ini. OS lainnya misalnya Windows Mobile, OS iPhone, Symbian, & masih ada lagi selain itu. Akan tetapi, OS yang terdapat ini menjalankannya menggunakan memprioritaskan pelaksanaan inti yang dibangun sendiri tanpa melihat menurut potensi yang relatif akbar menurut pelaksanaan pihak ketiga. Oleh karenanya keterbatasan menurut pelaksanaan pihak ketiga buat menerima data orisinil ponsel atau smartphone , dialog antar proses dan distribusi menurut pelaksanaan pihak ketiga buat platform mereka[8].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 358,
"width": 399,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ogedebe, dkk (2012), menyatakan bahwa prototyping adalah model fisik dari sistem kerja dan metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yang bertindak sebagai versi pertama dari sistem. Teknik prototyping ini menciptakan sistem prototipe sebagai perantara bagi pengembang dan pengguna untuk campur tangan dalam proses kegiatan pengembangan sistem informasi[9].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 442,
"width": 399,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Android Studio merupakan IDE (Integrated Development Environment) resmi digunakan sebagai pengembangan Android yang bisa di akses secara gratis. Android Studio diluncurkan oleh Google tanggal 16 mei 2013 pada event Google I/O Conference tahun 2013. Android Studio secara resmi digunakan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi Android dan secara resmi menggantikan Eclipse sebagai IDE (Integrated Development",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 526,
"width": 96,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Environment) [10].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 541,
"width": 399,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kotlin merupakan salah satu bahasa pemrograman berbasis Java Virtual Machine (JVM) , bahasa pemrograman Kotlin bersifat pragmatis untuk android yang mengkombinasikan object oriented (OO) dan bahasa fungsional. Selain untuk mengembangkan aplikasi android , bahasa pemograman ini juga dapat digunakan untuk mengembangakn aplikasi berbasis desktop, web, dan backend [10].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 625,
"width": 399,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Firebase adalah sebuah layanan dari Google untuk membantu developer dalam mengembangkan aplikasi yang dibuat. Firebase alias BaaS (Backend as a Servise) tersedia realtime database NoSQL yang memiliki struktur seperti data JSON (JavaScript Notation) bisa di akses melalui web di aplikasi hybrid. Terdapat beberapa fitur yang ditawarkan oleh Google Firebase yang bisa kita nikmati seperti, fitur autentikasi, fitur yang di gunakan oleh user masuk dalam aplikasi (email dan kata sandi) storage atau penyimpanan sebagai tempat menyimpan data user , dan cloud messaging sebagai pengirim notifikasi kepada pengguna[11].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 148,
"top": 773,
"width": 362,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 980",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 118,
"width": 154,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 3.1. Perancangan Sistem",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 147,
"width": 399,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan merupakan suatu proses yang dilakukan sebelum memulai sebuah pekerjaan, perancangan biasanya dilakukan dengan menggambarkan bagaimana hasil yang di inginkan. Perancangan aplikasi merupakan sebuah proses awal sebelum membuat aplikasi, perancangan aplikasi dapat membantu bagaimana mengetahui konsep aplikasi yang di inginkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 231,
"width": 93,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a) Class Diagram",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 502,
"width": 131,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 2. Class Diagram",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 528,
"width": 363,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar di atas merupakan class diagram , class diagram merupakan diagram UML yang menggambarkan kelas, atribut, metode, dan hubungan antar objek yang ada dalam sistem.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 570,
"width": 381,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b) Use Case Diagram Gambar 3 merupakan gambar use case diagram dari aplikasi yang akan dirancang. Terdapat tiga aktor utama yang berperan penting, yaitu customer , admin, dan pemilik depot air. Kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh customer adalah melakukan registrasi, masuk/ login , melihat barang, masukkan barang ke dalam keranjang/pemesanan, tagihan, melakukan pembayaran dan customer tinggal menunggu pesanan diantar. Kegiatan awal yang dilakukan oleh admin ialah masuk ke aplikasi/ login , verifikasi data diri customer , mengijinkan customer masuk dalam aplikasi, dan mengelola barang. Kegiatan yang dilakukan pemilik depot air berupa pesanan yang dilakukan oleh customer , kemudian customer melakukan pembayaran kepada pemilik",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 774,
"width": 358,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 981",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 118,
"width": 363,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "depot air, jika pembayaran sudah selesai dilakukan maka barang yang di pesan akan segera di kirim ke alamat customer .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 345,
"width": 150,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 3. Use Case Diagram",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 359,
"width": 106,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c) Activity Diagram",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 373,
"width": 363,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar dibawah menunjukkan activity diagram customer . Customer masuk dalam aplikasi, system menampilkan halaman menu utama, Customer memilih menu lalu diarahkan untuk memilih menu pesanan barang, lalu database akan melakukan request data dan system akan menampilkan data barang yang akan di pesan, customer memilih barang yang akan dibeli sekaligus melakukan pembayaran, system menampilkan metode pembayaran yang dapat dipilih oleh customer , lalu database akan melakukan request data dan system akan menampilkan bukti pembayaran barang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 731,
"width": 194,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 4. Activity Diagram Customer",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 148,
"top": 773,
"width": 362,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 982",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 118,
"width": 363,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 5 menunjukkan activity diagram pemilik depot air. Pemilik depot air masuk ke dalam aplikasi, system akan menampilkan halaman menu utama, lalu pemilik depot air masuk ke dalam halaman menu utama dan memilih menu pesanan, kemudian database akan melakukan request data , system menampilkan halaman pesanan masuk, lalu pemilik depot air menerima pembayaran, setelah itu pemilik depot air mengkonfirmasi pembayaran. Database melakukan request data lalu system menampilkan halaman kirim barang dan pemilik depot air mengirim barang yang di pesan oleh customer .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 193,
"top": 494,
"width": 240,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 6 . Activity Diagram Pemilik Depot Air",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 520,
"width": 363,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 7 menampilkan activity diagram admin. Admin masuk ke dalam aplikasi, lalu system menampilkan halaman menu utama, Admin masuk ke dalam halaman menu dan memilih menu barang, lalu database akan melakukan request data , system menampilkan halaman kelola barang, lalu admin memilih menu update dan insert data barang, admin melakukan penambahan dan pembaharuan barang ke dalam aplikasi, database melakukan request data , lalu system akan menampilkan data barang yang sudah di tambahkan atau di perbaharui dan admin melakukan pengecekan transaksi yang di lakukan customer , pemilik depot air maupun admin.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 774,
"width": 358,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 983",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 319,
"width": 184,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 7. Activity Diagram Admin",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 347,
"width": 149,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.2. Implementasi Aplikasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 361,
"width": 399,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengimplementasian sistem merupakan suatu tindakan yang dilakukan secara terperinci setelah sebuah sistem yang akan dibangun sudah dianggap fiks atau sudah sempurna. Dalam pengimplementasian sistem perlu adanya tampilan visual atau biasa disebut dengan istilah user interface. User interface (UI) merupakan gambaran sebuah sistem yang dibangun, tampilan user interface biasanya memiliki bentuk, tulisan, dan warna yang menarik agar pengguna merasa tidak bosan. Berikut user interface yang digunakan dalam Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 473,
"width": 381,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a) Tampilan Login Pada tampilan login terdapat beberapa persyaratan yang perlu dipenuhi oleh user agar bisa masuk ke dalam aplikasi yaitu dengan mengisi username dan password yang sesuai dengan data diri saat registrasi. Bagi pengguna baru untuk dapat masuk dalam aplikasi diharuskan untuk melakukan registrasi baru.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 730,
"width": 138,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 8. Tampilan Login",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 148,
"top": 773,
"width": 362,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 984",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 118,
"width": 140,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b) Tampilan Menu Barang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 132,
"width": 363,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menu barang merupakan tampilan barang-barang yang di jual lewat aplikasi, didalamnya terdapat pilihan barang yang bisa di beli oleh user. Pada aplikasi Perancangan aplikasi pemesanan air galon isi ulang berbasis mobile terdapat dua barag utama yang tersedia yaitu galon air minum dan gas LPG.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 362,
"width": 181,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 9. Tampilan Menu Barang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 391,
"width": 277,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c) Tampilan Checkout, Data Penerima, dan Order List",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 405,
"width": 363,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Checkout merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk user yang telah melakukan pesanan terhadap salah satu barang yang ada dalam aplikasi. Pada saat proses Checkout user di harapkan mengisi data penerima dan memilih metode pembayaran yang di kehendaki oleh user, terdapat dua metode pembayaran yang bisa di lakukan yaitu COD (Cash on Delivery) atau melalui transfer bank. Setelah melakukan checkout akan muncul order list atau nota belanja yang dilakukan user.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 728,
"width": 261,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 10, 11, dan 12. Tampilan Data Penerima,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 742,
"width": 127,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Checkout, dan Order List",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 774,
"width": 358,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 985",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 132,
"width": 363,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.3. Pengujian Sistem dengan Metode Pengujian Black Box Testing",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 147,
"width": 399,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengujian sistem adalah proses pengujian perangkat lunak yang lengkap dan terintegrasi. Pada pengujian sistem dalam aplikasi pemesanan air galon isi ulang berbasis mobile di gunakan metode pengujian sistem Black Box Testing. Black Box Testing , juga dikenal sebagai pengujian fungsional, adalah metode pengujian perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk menguji perangkat lunak tanpa mengetahui struktur internal kode atau program [14] .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 324,
"width": 211,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 13. Pengujian Black Box Testing",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 350,
"width": 399,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengujian dengan metode Black Box Testing di lakukan untuk menemukan kesalahan yang ada dalam aplikasi, seperti kesalahan pada interface , kesalahan kinerja sistem, fungsi-fungsi yang hilang, kesalahan struktural data, dan kesalahan terminasi. Tampilan aplikasi atau user interface akan di uji dengan menggunakan metode Black Box Testing dalam mencari kesalahan-kesalahan atau bug yang ada TEMPLET J-SAKTI985dalam sistem. Berikut hasil pengujian black box testing ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 462,
"width": 382,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Pengujian Black Box Testing Aplikasi No. Skenario Pengujian Hasil Kesimpulan 1. Tampilan login Menampilkan halaman masuk yang berisikan username, password , registrasi, dan pilihan lupa password Valid 2. Tampilan menu barang Menampilkan menu pilihan yang ada pada aplikasi yang berisi data barang yang tersedia di aplikasi Valid 3. Tampilan profil Menampilkan data diri pengguna aplikasi Valid 4. Tampilan keranjang belanja Menampilkan data barang yang akan di beli user Valid 5. Tampilan checkout Menampilkan data pesanan barang yang di pesan user Valid 6. Tampilan data penerima Menampilkan data diri penerima barang yang di pesan Valid 7. Tampilan order list Menampilkan nota belanja Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 683,
"width": 399,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada tabel 1 ditemukan kesesuaian hasil yang diharapkan dengan Black Box Testing , dengan hasil ini kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa aplikasi yang akan di rancang memiliki kesalahan atau bug pada sistem yang sangat sedikit/minimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 148,
"top": 773,
"width": 362,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 986",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 132,
"width": 74,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 147,
"width": 399,
"height": 267,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan penelitian, perancangan, pengujian, dan penganalisisan terhadap sistem aplikasi, dapat di simpulkan yaitu, Aplikasi yang dirancang sangat mempermudah user dalam melakukan pemesanan air galon isi ulang dengan mudah, aman, dan cepat. Selain user pemilik depot air juga mendapatkan banyak manfaat dan keuntungan, seperti keuntungan dari peningkatan penjualan, pekerjaan pemilik depot air berkurang karena sistem penjualan dilakukan secara online, dan proses pemasaran produk lebih mudah. Informasi dalam aplikasi sangat jelas dan memiliki tampilan yang menarik, sehingga user dapat menggunakan aplikasi dengan mudah. Pada proses testing sistem menggunakan metode Black Box Testing aplikasi yang dirancang memiliki kesalahan dan bug yang sangat sedikit/minimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplkasi memiliki sistem yang sangat baik dengan sedikitnya kesalahan dan bug yang di uji dengan metode Black Box Testing , sehingga aplikasi ini akan sangat membantu masyarakat dalam melakukan pemesanan air galon isi ulang. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan penelitian di atas masih banyak kesalahan serta jauh dari kata sempurna maka dengan itu penulis berharap untuk penelitian dan pengembangan aplikasi selanjutnya dapat menambahkan fitur-fitur terbaru yang dapat menambah daya tarik user.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 428,
"width": 102,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 442,
"width": 399,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1]. Kurniawan, Yudi dan Pakereng, I. (2016). Perancangan dan Implementasi Aplikasi Catat Meter PDAM Berbasis Android ( Studi Kasus : PDAM Kota Salatiga ) Perpustakaan Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana , April . [2]. Fajar Ratnawati, Muhamad Azren, & Agus Tedyyana. (2019). Aplikasi Pembelian Air Minum Isi Ulang Berbasis Android. Digital Zone: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi , 10 (1), 88–100. https://doi.org/10.31849/digitalzone.v10i1.2347 [3]. Fiki, S., Rahmayuni, I., & Prayama, D. (2021). Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Online Dengan Fitur Tracking Posisi Pengantar Galon Berbasis Android. JITSI : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Sistem Informasi , 2 (1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.30630/jitsi.2.1.28",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 611,
"width": 399,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[4]. Putra, Rendy Rian Chrisna dan Lestari, I. (2018). Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Mineral Berbasis Android Pada PT. Citra Golden Tunggal Pangkalpinang. Warta , 7 (1), 214–227. http://ejournal.ikado.ac.id/index.php/teknika/article/view/86 [5]. Latuheru, G. L., & Suprihadi. (2016). Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pengajuan Proposal Pada Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa PT . Bank Maluku Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pengajuan Proposal Pada Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa PT . Bank Maluku Berbasis Web. Artikel Ilmiah , 672010192 . [6]. Muflich, F. (2011). Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Berbasis Web",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 57,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sains Komputer & Informatika (J-SAKTI) Volume 6 Nomor 2, September 2022, pp. 974-987 ISSN: 2548-9771/EISSN: 2549-7200 https://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jsakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 774,
"width": 358,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Air Galon Isi Ulang Berbasis Mobile(Wiki Siam Babako) | 987",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 118,
"width": 363,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk Pengelolaan Data Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (P2M) Di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret. Universitas Sebelas Maret .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 161,
"width": 399,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[7]. Aprilla, E. (2018). Desain dan Implementasi Sistem Pemesanan Makanan dan Program Promosi Penjualan pada Mie Pangsit Ayam Sudi 189. Univerisitas Internasional Batam Repository , 6 (2016), 9–43.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 203,
"width": 399,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[8]. Mulyawan, Rifqi. 2022. \" Pengertian Android: Menurut Para Ahli, Sejarah, Manfaat dan Jenisnya\", https://rifqimulyawan.com/blog/pengertian-android/, diakses pada 12 Juni 2021 pukul 20.22.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 259,
"width": 399,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[9]. Purnomo, D. (2017). Model Prototyping Pada Pengembangan Sistem Informasi. J I M P - Jurnal Informatika Merdeka Pasuruan , 2 (2), 54– 61.https://doi.org/10.37438/jimp.v2i2.67",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 301,
"width": 399,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[10]. Febriandirza, A. (2020). Perancangan Aplikasi Absensi Online Dengan Menggunakan Bahasa Pemrograman Kotlin. Pseudocode , 7 (2), 123– 133. https://doi.org/10.33369/pseudocode.7.2.123-133",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 343,
"width": 399,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[11]. Ilhami, M. (2017). Pengenalan Google Firebase Untuk Hybrid Mobile Apps Berbasis Cordova. Jurnal IT CIDA , 3 (124), 16–29.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 372,
"width": 399,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[12]. M, Hariwijaya. (2017). Metodologi dan Teknik Penulisan Skripsi, Tesis & Disertasi (untuk ilmu sosial dan humaniora) . Yogyakarta: Parama Ilmu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 400,
"width": 399,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[13]. M. Khosrow-Pour. (2005) Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology . IGI Global, [14]. Raharja, U. 2020. \"Black Box Testing\", https://raharja.ac.id/2020/10/20/black-box-testing/, diakses pada 29 Novenber 2021 pukul 19.32.",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
29e72292-8ebf-a43d-bf71-5a80900cbf89 | https://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/analytica/article/download/1268/1031 | [
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 285,
"top": 799,
"width": 12,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "54",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 60,
"width": 429,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MULTIKULTURAL DI MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI DOLOK MASIHUL SERDANG BEDAGAI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 256,
"top": 167,
"width": 98,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 190,
"width": 338,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Guru Mandrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri Bintang Bayu Serdang Bedagai E-Mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 255,
"width": 464,
"height": 335,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep pendidikan Islam multikultural perspektif Guru PAI di MAN Dolok Masihul Serdang Bedagai dan bagaimana implementasi pendidikan Islam multikultural di MAN Dolok Masihul Serdang Bedagai ? Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan filsafat postpositivisme digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek yang alamiah, (sebagai lawannya adalah eksperimen) dimana peneliti adalah sebagai instrumen kunci, teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara triangulasi (gabungan), analisis data bersifat induktif/kualitatif, dan hasil penelitian kualitatif lebih menekankan makna dari pada generalisasi . Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Konsep pendidikan multikultural merupakan bagian dari pendidikan Islam yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai moral dan spiritual. Pendidikan Islam multikultural mempunyai misi esensial untuk membangun karakter siswa sebagai seorang muslim yang memahami ajaran agamanya serta mempunyai kesadaran imani yang diwujudkan ke dalam sikap dan perilaku sehari- hari sebagai bentuk pengamalan ajaran agama dan mendorong para siswa untuk tidak inklusif dan menerima segala bentuk perbedaan diantara para siswa dan tetap menjaga kebersamaan melalui ikatan ukhuwa Islamiyah. Implementasi pendidikan Islam multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul Serdang Bedagai diselenggarakan melalui penanaman nilai-nilai multikultural dalam mata pelajaran baik yang bernuasa agama Islam maupun mata pelajaran umum lainnya dan ini berlangsung secara kolektif baik para guru maupun dukungan dari pimpinan madrasah, disamping itu, cara lain yang ditempuh adalah melalui pembinaan kepribadian siswa melalui kegiatan eksttra dan interakurikuler baik melalui OSIS, Pramuka, PMI, Kader Dakwah dan lain sebagainya dengan maksud para siswa mampu mengembangkan kemampuan kepemimpinan, kemampuan bersosial, dan kemampuan pribadi lainnya dengan harapan para siswa mampu menginternalisasi nilai-nilai kebersamaan dalam wujud nyata dan menekan nilai-nilai perbedaan diantara mereka sehingga dengan hal ini diharapkan berdampak positif terhadap proses interaksi diantara mereka setiap saat dan setiap waktu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 601,
"width": 300,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Islam, Multikulltural dan Guru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 645,
"width": 78,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 661,
"width": 464,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan memiliki peranan yang sangat strategis dalam proses penanaman dan transfer nilai-nilai. Di antara nilai yang dapat ditanamkan melalui pendidikan untuk masyarakat majemuk adalah nilai demokrasi, kesetaraan, keadilan, kemanusiaan, kebersamaan, kedamaian, sikap mengakui, menerima dan menghargai keragaman. Dalam kerangka ini, pendidikan nasional meletakkan salah satu prinsipnya: “bahwa pendidikan diselenggarakan secara demokratis dan berkeadilan serta tidak diskriminatif dengan menjunjung tinggi hak asasi manusia, nilai keagamaan, nilai kultural, dan kemajemukan bangsa 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 751,
"width": 441,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wacana tentang pendidikan multikultural saat ini memang sering diperbincangkan disetiap kalangan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 796,
"width": 12,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "55",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 22,
"width": 276,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALYTICA ISLAMICA: Vol. 6 No. 1 Januri-Juni 2017",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 60,
"width": 464,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "baik dari kalangan politik, agama, sosial, budaya, dan khususnya dikalangan para pemikir pendidikan. Fenomena konflik etnis, sosial, budaya, yang kerap muncul di tengah-tengah masyarakat yang berwajah plural menyebabkan limpungnya arah pendidikan dimasa depan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 105,
"width": 464,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terkait dengan kemajemukan bangsa, Indonesia memiliki semboyan yang sangat adil dan demokratis: “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”. Semboyan ini memiliki pengertian bahwa Indonesia merupakan salah satu bangsa di dunia yang terdiri dari beragam suku dan ras, yang mempunyai budaya, bahasa, dan agama yang berbeda- beda tetapi dalam kesatuan Indonesia. Semboyan ini mengandung seni manajemen untuk mengatur keragaman Indonesia, yang terdiri dari 250 kelompok suku, 250 lebih bahasa lokal, 13.000 pulau, 7 agama resmi (Islam, Katolik, Kristen Protestan, Hindu, Budha, Konghucu, serta berbagai macam aliran kepercayaan), dan latar belakang kesukuan yang sangat beragam. Dengan semboyan ini diharapkan masing-masing individu dan kelompok yang berbeda suku, bahasa, budaya, dan agama dapat bersatu dan bekerjasama untuk membangun bangsanya secara lebih kuat. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 240,
"width": 464,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari kasus di atas, sangat diperlukan sikap terbuka dan menerima setiap perbedaan yang ada. Setiap manusia berkewajiban menumbuh kembangkan sikap multikultural. Sikap multikultural merupakan sikap yang terbuka pada perbedaan. Mereka yang memiliki sikap multikultural berkeyakinan: perbedaan bila tidak dikelola dengan baik memang bisa menimbulkankonflik, namun bila kita mampu mengelolanya dengan baik maka perbedaan justru memperkaya dan bisa sangat produktif. Salah satu syarat agar sikap mutikultural efektif adalah bila kita mau menerima kenyataan hakiki bahwa manusia bukan makhluk sempurna, manusia adalah makhluk yang selalu menjadi. Padahal agar dapat menjadi , manusia membutuhkan sesamanya. Dengan perkataan lain, sikap yang seharusnya mendasari masyarakat multikultural adalah sikap rendah hati (mau menerima kenyataan), bahwa tidak ada seorang pun yang mampu memiliki kebenaran absolut, karena kebenaran absolut melampaui ruang dan waktu, padahal manusia adalah makhluk yang terikat pada ruang dan waktu. Kita merupakan makhluk yang berjalan bersama menuju kebenaran absolut tersebut. Untuk itu kita perlu mengembangkan sikap hormat akan keunikan masing-masing pribadi atau kelompok tanpa membeda-bedakan entah atas dasar gender, agama dan etnis. Sebagaimana Allah SWT menciptakan manusia berbangsa-bangsa dan bersuku-suku agar saling mengenal dalam Al-Qur’an:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 472,
"width": 460,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 535,
"width": 451,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artinya: “Hai manusia, Sesungguhnya Kami menciptakan kamu dari seorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuan dan menjadikan kamu berbangsa - bangsa dan bersuku-suku supaya kamu saling kenal-mengenal. Sesungguhnya orang yang paling mulia diantara kamu disisi Allah ialah orang yang paling taqwa diantara kamu. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha mengetahui lagi Maha Mengenal”. 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 609,
"width": 464,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ayat di atas memperkenalkan doktrin saling mengenal (ta’aruf) dan saling menolong (ta’awûn) untuk membangun sosial yang baik, hidup bersama saling tolong menolong dalam kebaikan dan kedamaian. Mengenal ( ta’ruf) bermakna sikap mengakui, sikap kebersamaan, sikap menerima, dan sikap menghargai keberagaman budaya (SARA) suku, agama, ras, etnis serta adat istiadat. Manakala sikap tersebut sudah tertanam dan terintegrasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Setelah saling ta’aruf muncullah kasih sayang ( rahman dan rohmi>n ). Jika sudah rahman dan rohim timbullah ta’wun (saling tolong menolong) dalam membangun kehidupan bersosial yang baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 726,
"width": 451,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artinya: “Tidak ada paksaan untuk (memasuki) agama (Islam); Sesungguhnya telah jelas jalan yang benar daripada jalan yang sesat. karena itu Barangsiapa yang ingkar kepada Thaghut dan beriman kepada Allah, Maka Sesungguhnya ia telah berpegang kepada buhul tali yang Amat kuat yang tidak akan putus. dan Allah Maha mendengar lagi Maha mengetahui.” 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 807,
"width": 12,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "56",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 55,
"width": 464,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai- Nilai demokrasi ini memberikan landasan moral dan etik bahwa setiap orang diberi hak untuk menentukan pilihannya terhadap agama. Islam tidak mengajarkan doktrin pemaksaan untuk memilih agama tertentu oleh suatu pihak terhadap pihak yang lain. Prinsip ini memberikan isyarat bahwa Islam tidak mengajarkan doktrin rasisme, yang menempatkan suatu kelompok secara superior atas kelompok yang lain karena faktor ras dan etnik. Dalam hubungan ini, Rasulullah saw. menegaskan bahwa “tidak ada keutamaan orang Arab atas orang bukan Arab, tidak ada keutamaan orang bukan Arab atas orang Arab, orang hitam atas orang berwarna, orang berwarna atas orang hitam, kecuali karena takwanya”. Sementara itu, dalam hal beragama, Islam memperkenalkan doktrin “bagimu agamamu dan bagiku agamaku.” 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 182,
"width": 464,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rasullullah pada saat memasuki Kota Madinah, beliau membuat perjanjian tertulis yang popular dengan sebutan Piagam Madinah. Piagam ini mengatur segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan bersosial, penduduk Madinah mmendapatkan kedudukan yang sama. Rasa keadilan dan kesamaan terdapat pada Piagam Madinah pasal 16 berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 251,
"width": 430,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Dan bahwa orang Yahudi yang mengikuti kami akan memperolah hak perlindungan dan hak persamaan tanpa ada penganiayaan dan tidak ada orang yang membantu musuh mereka” pasal 16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 299,
"width": 464,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan ayat Al-Qur’an dan contoh yang diberikan oleh Rasullulah dengan perjanjian Piagam Madinah, diharapkan model pendidikan Islam tersebut dapat diterapkan, agar menjadi solusi problema dunia pendidikan. Madrasah/sekolah adalah merupakan dunia pendidikan memproses manusia secara manusiawi. Madrasah/sekolah memiliki kurikulum pendidikan Islam guna memproses manusia secara menusiawi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 378,
"width": 464,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia secara praktiknya, sering terjadi proses pendidikan yang eksklusif. Proses eksklusivisme ini terjadi di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam, seperti di madrasah, pondok pesantren, dan di berbagai majlis taklim. Indikator eksklusivisme pendidikan Islam di Indonesia terlihat pada: 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 424,
"width": 448,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Proses pendidikan dan pengajaran agama pada umumnya lebih menekankan sisi keselamatan individu dan kelompoknya sendiri dari pada keselamatan yang dimiliki dan didambakan oleh orang lain di luar diri dan kelompoknya sendiri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 472,
"width": 448,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Absennya ruang perbedaan pendapat antara guru dengan murid, dan atau antara murid dengan murid, sehingga proses pembelajarannya bersifat indoktrinatif;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 504,
"width": 448,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Fokus pendidikannya hanya pada pencapaian kemampuan ritual dan keyakinan tauhid, dengan materi ajar pendidikan Islam yang bersifat tunggal, yaitu benar-salah dan baik-buruk yang mekanistik. 7 Praktik pendidikan Islam seperti ini, akan menjadikan ruang kelas bagaikan sebuah “penjara” bagi siswa, karena tidak ada ruang untuk mendialogkan kebenaran yang diajarkan oleh guru",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 579,
"width": 441,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lebih lanjut lagi, menurut Khisbiyah dalam Sindhunata ada 3 indikator yang berkembang di sekolah: 8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 595,
"width": 261,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Sekolah telah memelihara nilai-nilai yang bias gender,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 611,
"width": 385,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Sekolah telah membantu memelihara sistem kelas dan status sosial-ekonomi, dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 627,
"width": 448,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Sekolah hanya merefleksikan dan menggemakan stereotip dan purbasangka antar kelompok yang sudah terbentuk dan beredar dalam masyarakat, tidak berusaha menetralisir dan menghilangkannya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 658,
"width": 464,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lebih khusus lagi, apabila dilihat dari cara pandang tindak dan wawasan setiap individu yang ada terhadap berbagai macam fenomena sosial, budaya, ekonomi, politik dan terhadap hal-hal lainnya, tak dapat dipungkiri, mereka mempunyai pandangan yang beragam. Contohnya, masyarakat kita dengan berbagai macam latar belakang yang berbeda seperti pendidikan, etnis, agama, kelas sosial dan ekonomi–mempunyai tindakan dan pandangan yang berbeda-beda pula tentang berbagai macam fenomena sosial seperti kesetaraan gender, demokrasi, hak asasi manusia dan terhadap hal-hal lainnya. Ada anggota masyarakat yang kurang mendukung adanya proses demokrasi di negara ini, namun di sisi lain tidak sedikit masyarakat yang menginginkan adanya demokrasi. Ada anggota masyarakat yang sangat peduli dan selalu memperjuangkan hak-hak asasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 790,
"width": 12,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "57",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 27,
"width": 275,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALYTICA ISLAMICA: Vol. 6 No. 1 Januri-Juni 2017",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 55,
"width": 464,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "manusia, namun di sisi lain tidak sedikit masyarakat yang tidak peduli terhadap masalah tersebut. Bahkan mereka dengan sengaja menggilas hak-hak asasi orang lain. Ada anggota masyarakat yang merespon baik dan bahkan mendukung adanya kesetaraan gender, namun tidak sedikit masyarakat yang menentangnya. 9 Keragaman ini, diakui atau tidak, akan dapat menimbulkan berbagai persoalan seperti yang sekarang dihadapi bangsa ini. Premanisme, perseteruan politik, kemiskinan, kekerasan, perusakan lingkungan dan hilangnya rasa kemanusiaan untuk selalu meghormati hak-hak orang lain, hal tersebut adalah bentuk nyata sebagai bagian dari multikulturalisme itu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 159,
"width": 464,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maka, menjadi keharusan bagi kita bersama untuk memikirkan upaya pemecahannya ( solution ). Termasuk pihak yang harus bertanggung jawab dalam hal ini adalah kalangan pendidikan. Pendidikan sudah selayaknya berperan dalam menyelesaikan masalah konflik yang terjadi di masyarakat. Minimal, pendidikan harus mampu memberikan penyadaran ( consciousness ) kepada masyarakat bahwa konflik bukan suatu hal yang baik untuk dibudayakan. Dan selayaknya pula, pendidikan mampu memberikan tawaran-tawaran yang mencerdaskan, antara lain dengan cara mendesign materi, metode, hingga kurikulum yang mampu menyadarkan masyarakat akan pentingnya sikap saling toleran, menghormati perbedaan suku, agama, ras, etnis dan budaya masyarakat indonesia yang multikultural. Sudah selayaknya pendidikan berperan sebagai media transformasi sosial, budaya dan mutikulturalisme. 10",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 295,
"width": 464,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul adalah lembaga pendidikan yang berperan dalam transfer ilmu pengetahuan, transpormasi sosial, budaya dan multikulturalisme. Untuk wacana multikulturalisme sangat dibutuhkan guna internalisasi nilai-nilai multikultural pada diri setiap manusia. Dengan memahami perbedaan tafsir setiap teks yang ada, diharapkan akan menghasilkan pemahaman keberagamaan yang inklusif, toleran, dan terbuka kepada siapapun. Tidak ada yang merasa menjadi makhluk pilihan yang selalu menganggap dirinya paling benar dan menyalahkan yang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 395,
"width": 103,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 412,
"width": 120,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian Pendidikan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 427,
"width": 464,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut KBBI pendidikan berasal dari kata didik v, mendidik v memelihara dan memberi latihan (ajaran, tuntunan, pimpinan) mengenai akhlak dan kecerdasan pikiran: sedangkan pendidikan adalah pendidikan n proses pengubahan sikap dan tata laku seseorang atau kelompok orang dl usaha mendewasakan manusia melalui upaya pengajaran dan pelatihan; proses, cara, perbuatan mendidik. 11",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 487,
"width": 464,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya menurut Darwyn Syah, pendidikan berasal dari kata “ pedagogi ” yang berarti pendidikan dari kata “ Pedagogia ” yang berarti ilmu pendidikan yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani. Pedagogia terdiri dari dua kata yaitu “ Paedos ” dan “Agoge” yang berarti “saya membimbing, memimpin anak”. Dari pengertian ini pendidikan dapat diartikan yaitu kegiatan seseorang dalam membimbing dan memimpin anak menuju ke pertumbuhan dan perkembangan secara optimal agar dapat berdiri sendiri dan bertanggung jawab. 12 Oleh karena itu, pendidikan merupakan pembinaan, pelatihan, pengajaran dan semua yang merupakan bagian dari usaha manusia untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan dan keterampilannya. 13",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 592,
"width": 464,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan menurut Syafaruddin Kata pendidikan, dalam bahasa Indonesia berasal dari kata didik yang mendapat awalam pe dan akhiran an . Kata didik berarti memelihara dan memberi latihan (ajaran, tuntunan pimpinan) mengenai akhlak dan kecerdasan pikiran. Dengan demikian pendidikan diartikan proses pengubahan sikap dan tata laku seseorang atau sekelompok orang dalam usaha mendewasakan manusia melalui upaya pengajaran dan pelatihan. 14",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 668,
"width": 464,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Marimba dalam Ahmad Tafsir pendidikan adalah bimbingan atau pimpinan secara sadar oleh pendidik terhadap perkembangan jasmani dan rohani anak didik menuju terbentuknya kepribadian yang utama. 15 Soegarda Porbakawatja dalam Dja’far Siddik mendefenisikan pendidikan sebagai kegiatan yang meliputi semua perbuatan dan usaha dari generasi tua untuk mengalihkan pengetahuannya, pengalamannya, kecakapannya serta keterampilannya kepada generasi muda sebagai usaha untuk menyiapkan mereka agar dapat memenuhi fungsi hidupnya baik jasmaniah maupun rohaniah. 16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 803,
"width": 12,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "58",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 55,
"width": 464,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara formal pendidikan di Indonesia diatur dalam undang-undang kependidikan. Antara lain menurut UU No. 20 tahun 2003 Pasal 1 ayat 1 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Menurut Undang-undang No. 20 tahun 2003 pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara. 17",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 145,
"width": 464,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari pengertian pendidikan di atas, jelaslah bahwa pendidikan adalah usaha sadar yang terencana dengan baik guna mendidik, membimbing dan mengajar dengan cara memanusiakan manusia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 175,
"width": 170,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Pengertian Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 191,
"width": 97,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 206,
"width": 464,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian Pendidikan Islam secara epistemologi yang dilihat dari segi bahasa Indonesia di atas masih sejalan dengan asal kata bahasa Arab. Kebanyakan tokoh menyepakati bahwa kata “pendidikan” berasal dari bahasa Arab yang berbunyi tarbiyah , dengan kata kerja rabba .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 251,
"width": 464,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam bentuk kata benda, kata rabba ini bermakna “Tuhan” karena Tuhan juga bersifat mendidik, mengasuh dan memelihara. Selain ayat di atas, masih banyak lagi ayat- ayat Al-Qur an yang menyebutkan kata rabba tersebut. Selain kata rabba, dalam bahasa Arab masih ditemukan kosa kata yang maknanya masih sepadan dan pengertiannya terkait dengan pendidikan, yaitu ‘allama dan addaba . 18",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 326,
"width": 464,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam berbagai perspektif, para tokoh seringkali berbeda pendapat terkait asal kata bahasa Arab dari kata pendidikan itu. Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas dalam bukunya, Konsep Pendidikan Islam, dengan gigih mempertahankan penggunaan istilah Ta’dib untuk konsep pendidikan Islam, bukan tarbiyah. Dengan alasan bahwa dalam istilah Ta’dib, mencakup wawasan ilmu dan amal yang merupakan esensi pendidikan Islam. 19 Sedangkan secara terminologi, pendidikan dapat diartikan sebagai pembinaan, pembentukan, pengarahan, pencerdasan dan pelatihan yang ditujukan kepada semua anak didik secara formal maupun nonformal dalam rangka menuju pendewasaan. Dengan kata lain pendidikan adalah segala aktifitas atau upaya sadar dan terencana yang dirancang untuk membantu seseorang mengembangkan pandangan hidup, sikap hidup dan keterampilan hidup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 461,
"width": 464,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata “Islam” dalam ‘pendidikan Islam” menunjukkan warna pendidikan tertentu, yaitu pendidikan yang berwarna Islam, pendidikan yang Islami yaitu pendidikan yang berdasarkan Islam. 20",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 491,
"width": 464,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan Agama Islam ialah pendidikan dengan melalui ajaran-ajaran agama Islam, yaitu berupa bimbingan dan asuhan terhadap anak didik agar nantinya dan mengamalkan ajaran-ajaran agama Islam yang telah diyakininya secara menyeluruh, serta menjadikan ajaran agama Islam itu sebagai suatu pandangan hidupnya demi keselamatan dan kesejahteraan hidup di dunia maupun di akhirat kelak. 21",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 552,
"width": 135,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Tujuan Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 568,
"width": 464,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan adalah sesuatu yang diharapkan tercapai setelah kegiatan selesai dan memerlukan usaha dalam meraih tujuan tersebut. Pengertiantujuan pendidikan adalah perubahan yang diharapkan pada subjek didik setelah mengalami proses pendidikan baik pada tingkah laku individu dan kehidupan pribadinya maupun kehidupan masyarakat dan alam sekitarnya dimana individu hidup. 22",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 628,
"width": 464,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan pendidikan Islam dirumuskan dari nilai-nilai filosofis yang kerangka dasarnya termuat dalam filsafat pendidikan Islam. Seperti halnya dasar pendidikannya, maka tujuan pendidikan Islam juga identik dengan tujuan Islam itu sendiri. Karenanya, tujuan pendidikan Islam sangat luas dan dalam, seluas dan sedalam kebutuhan hidup manusia baik sebagai makhluk individual maupun makhluk sosial yang dijiwai oleh nilai-nilai ajaran Islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 688,
"width": 464,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Oemar Muhammad al-Thaumy al-Syaibani, bahwa tujuan pendidikan ialah perubahan yang diingini, yang diusahakan dalam proses pendidikan atau usaha pendidik untuk mencapainya, baik pada tingkah laku individu dari kehidupan pribadinya atau kehidupan masyarakat serta pada alam sekitar di mana individu itu hidup atau pada proses pendidikan itu sendiri dan proses pengajan sebagai suatu kegiatan asasi dan sebagai proporsi di antara profesi asasi dalam masyarakat. Sedangkan tujuan pendidikan Islam sendiri adalah untuk mempertinggi nilai-nilai akhlak hingga mencapai tingkat akhlak al-karimah. 23",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 795,
"width": 12,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "59",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 23,
"width": 275,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALYTICA ISLAMICA: Vol. 6 No. 1 Januri-Juni 2017",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 55,
"width": 154,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 70,
"width": 464,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dasar pendidikan Islam yang pertama adalah Al-Qur’an dan sunnah Nabi Muhammad SAW. Di atas kedua pilar inilah dibangun konsep dasar pendidikan islam. Titik tolaknya dimulai dari konsep manusia menurut islam. Manusia yang bagaimana dicita-citakan Islam. 24",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 115,
"width": 464,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suatu hal yang paling menguntungkan bagi pendidikan islam adalah bahwa Al-Qu’ran sebagai dasar yang paling pokok tetap terjaga keorisinilannya sejak pertama kali diwahyukan hingga sekarang ini. Bahkan sebagaimana seperti yang dijanjikan Allah SWT bahwa Al-Qu’ran senantiasa akan tetap terpelihara hingga akhir zaman. Allah SWT berfirman dalam Al-Qur’an:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 254,
"width": 451,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artinya: “sesungguhnya Kamilah yang menurunkan Al-Qur’an, dan sesungguhnya kami benar- benar memeliharanya”. 25",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 289,
"width": 464,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terpeliharanya otentitasan dan keorisinilan Al-Qu’ran, seperti yang dinyatakan Tuhan dalam ayat ini, yang secara faktual telah terbukti oleh sejarah, sehingga pendidikan islam setidaknya secara teoritis tidak akan pernah kehilangan pedoman arah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 333,
"width": 464,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan dasar pendidikan yang kedua, yaitu berupa hasil oleh pikir manusia ( ijtihad ), karena sifatnya yang nisbi, menyebabkan sistem pendidikan islam itu dapat senantiasa relevan, inisiatif, dan responsive terhadap kebutuhan dan tuntunan masyarakat, sepanjang kebutuhan dan tuntutan itu tetap sesuai serta tidak bertentangan dengan dasar-dasarnya yang bersifat absolut. 26",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 394,
"width": 464,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al-Qur’an dan Hadis adalah hal yang mutlak menjadi dasar pendidikan Islam. Pendidikan yang dibangun oleh pendidikan formal ataupun non formal haruslah berpedoman kepada Al-Qur’an dan Hadis yang sudah jelas dan pasti keasliannya dan sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman. Selain Al-Qur’an dan Hadis dapat pula dijadikan dasar pendidikan Islam seperti pemikiran sahabat Rasullah, Khalifah, Ulama dan para pemikir pendidikan Islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 470,
"width": 133,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d) Prinsip Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 485,
"width": 464,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam prinsip pendidikan Islam dalam pelaksanaannya wajib berpegang teguh kepada Al-Qur’an dan Hadist sebagai sumber dasar Pendidikan Islam. Berikut prinsip dasar pendidikan Islam: 27",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 515,
"width": 448,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Prinsip integrasi ( tauhid ). Prinsip ini memandang adanya wujud kesatuan dunia dan akhirat. Oleh karena itu, pendidikan akan meletakkan posisi yang seimbang untuk mencapai kebahagiaan di dunia sekaligus di akhirat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 564,
"width": 448,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Prinsip keseimbangan. Prinsip ini merupakan konsekuensi dari prinsip integrasi. Keseimbangan yang proporsional antara muatan ruhaniah dan jasmaniah, antara ilmu murni dan ilmu terapan, antara teori dan praktik, dan antara nilai yang menyangkut aqidah, syariah dan ahlak",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 612,
"width": 448,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Prinsip persamaan dan pembebasan. Prinsip ini dikembangkan dari nilai tauhid, bahwa tuhan adalah Esa. Oleh karena itu, setiap individu dan bahkan semua mahluk hidup diciptakan oleh pencipta yang sama (Tuhan). Perbedaan hanyalah unsur untuk memperkuat persatuan. Pendidikan Islam adalah suatu upaya untuk membebaskan manusia dari belenggu nafsu dunia menuju pada nilai tauhid yang bersih dan mulia. Manusia, dengan pendidikan, diharapakan bisa terbebas dari belenggu kebodohan, kemiskinan, kejumudan dan nafsu kebinatangan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 707,
"width": 448,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Prinsip kontinuitas dan berkelanjutan ( istiqomah). Dari prinsip inilah dikenal konsep pendidikan seumur hidup (long life education). Di dalam Islam, belajar adalah satu kewajiban yang tidak pernah dan tidak boleh berakhir. Seruan membaca yang ada dalam Al-Qur’an merupakan perintah yang tidak mengenal batas waktu. Dengan menuntut ilmu secara kontinyu dan terus- menerus, diharapkan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 795,
"width": 12,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "60",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 55,
"width": 428,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "akan muncul kesadaran pada diri manusia akan diri dan lingkungannya, dan yang lebih penting tentu saja adalah kesadaran akan tuhannya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 87,
"width": 451,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5) Prinsip kemaslahatan dan keutamaan. Jika ruh tauhid telah berkembang dalam sistem moral dan ahlak seseorang dengan kebersihan hati dan kepercayaan yang jauh dari kotoran maka ia akan memiliki daya juang untuk membela hal-hal yang maslahat atau berguna bagi kehidupan. Sebab, nilai tauhid hanya bisa dirasakan apabila ia telah dimanifestasikan dalam gerak langkah manusia untuk kemaslahatan dan keutamaan manusia itu sendiri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 178,
"width": 464,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nah dalam prinsip pendidikan Islam tidak terlepas dari pendidikan ketauhidan, keseimbangan dan kebebasan, berkelanjutan dalam proses pembelajaran, kemaslahatan dan keutamaan dalam pengintegrasian prinsip-prinsip dasar pendidian Islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 237,
"width": 147,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan Multikultural",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 254,
"width": 145,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Pengertian Multikultural",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 269,
"width": 464,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akar kata multikulturalisme adalah kebudayaan. Secara etimologis multikulturalisme dibentuk dari kata multi (banyak), kultur (budaya), dan isme (aliran/paham). Dengan demikian multikulturalisme dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah paham yang mengakui adanya banyak kultur. Secara hakiki, dalam kata itu terkandung pengakuanakan martabat manusia yang hidup dalam komunitasnya dengan kebudayaannya masing-masing yang unik. 28",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 344,
"width": 464,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara sederhana multikulturalisme adalah sebuah paham yang membenarkan dan meyakini adanya relativisme kultur disebabkan adanya keragaman budaya, keragaman suku dengan kebudayaan khasnya. Sehingga dasar kemunculan multikulturalisme bermuara pada studi atas kebudayaan. Dari doktrin tersebut diharapkan akan munculnya semangat penghargaan terhadap perbedaan budaya dan selanjutnya melahirkan perilaku toleransi dalam kehidupan di tengah keanekaragaman budaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 419,
"width": 464,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam kehidupan bangsa yang multikultural dituntut adanya kearifan untuk melihat keanekaragaman budaya sebagai realitas dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. 29 Kearifan yang demikian akan terwujud jika seseorang membuka diri untuk menjalani kehidupan bersama dengan melihat realitas plural sebagai keniscayaan hidup yang kodrati, baik dalam kehidupan pribadinya maupun kehidupan masyarakat yang lebih kompleks.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 479,
"width": 464,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multikulturalisme sesungguhnya tidaklah datang tiba-tiba. Sebagai suatu kearifan, multikulturalisme sesungguhnya merupakan buah dari perjalanan intelektual yang panjang. Multikulturalisme telah merupakan wacana bagi para akademisi maupun praktisi dalam berbagai bidangkehidupan di Indonesia dewasa ini. Demikian pula telah muncul pendapat mngenai cara-cara pemecahan konflik horizontal yang nyaris memecahkan bangsa indonesia dewasa ini dari sudut kebudayaan dan bukan melalui cara-cara kekerasan ataupun cara- cara lain yang tidak sesuai dengan kondisi bangsa Indonesia yang beragam. 30",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 570,
"width": 148,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Pendidikan Multikultural",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 585,
"width": 464,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai sebuah wacana baru, pengertian pendidikan multikultural sesungguhnya hingga saat ini belum begitu jelas dan masih banyak pakar pendidikan yang memperdebatkannya. Menurut Andesen dan Cusher dalam Choirul Mahfud mengatakan bahwa pendidikan multikultural dapat diartikan sebagai pendidikan mengenai keragaman kebudayaan. Menurut James Bank dalam Choirul mendefenisikan pendidikan multikultural sebagai pendidikan untuk people of color. Artinya, pendidikan multikultural ingin mengeksplorasi perbedaan sebagai keniscayaan (anugrah tuhan/sunnatullah). Kemudian bagaimana kita mampu menyikapi perbedaan tersebut dengan penuh toleransi dan semangat egaliter. 31",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 691,
"width": 188,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c ) Tujuan Pendidikan Multikultural",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 706,
"width": 464,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan setiap uraian yang disampaikan oleh para pakar mengenai pendidikan multikultural, dapat dirumuskan beberapa tujuan diusulkannya pendidikan yang berbasis multikulturalisme.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 737,
"width": 322,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d) Pendidikan Multikultural dalam UUD Republik Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 752,
"width": 464,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Undang-undang yang sudah berlaku dan berjalan dalam dunia pendidikan, yang dianut oleh setiap sekolah yaitu sudah tertera di dalam Undang-undang Sisdiknas No. 20 Tahun 2003",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 793,
"width": 12,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "61",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 21,
"width": 275,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALYTICA ISLAMICA: Vol. 6 No. 1 Januri-Juni 2017",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 54,
"width": 276,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Urgensi Pendidikan Multikultural di Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 70,
"width": 464,
"height": 180,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki bangsa yang majemuk dan multikultural. Pemaknaan majemuk di sini yaitu bangsa dari kelompok masyarakat yang memiliki latar belakang adat istiadat, budaya, agama, dan kepentingan atau masyarakat yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih elemen yang hidup sendiri-sendiri dalam suatu kesatuan politik. 32 Sedangkan multikultural adalah keanekaragaman budaya. Istilah multikultural tersebut telah membentuk sebuah ideologi yang disebut dengan multikulturalisme, yaitu sebuah ideologi yang mengakui dan mengagungkan perbedaan dalam kesederajatan. Definisi tersebut kemudian disederhanakan menjadi ideologi yang mengakomodir keberagaman budaya baik dalam hal agama, etnis, ras, bahasa, geografis dan budaya. 33 Kemajemukan tersebut digambarkan seperti pisau bermata dua. Satu sisi menampilkan efek positif dan sisi yang lain menampilkan dampak negatif. Sisi positifnya terlihat pada kekayaan dan keragaman budaya yang dimiliki Bangsa Indonesia. Sedangkan sisi negatifnya menunjukkan bahwa keragaman tersebut rawan terhadap terjadinya konflik antar kelompok masyarakat yang berdampak pada instabilitas keamanan, sosial, politik dan ekonomi. 34",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 250,
"width": 464,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menyikapi keberagaman tersebut, Bangsa Indonesia memerlukan strategi baru dan kerangka berfikir yang lebih toleran dan akomodatif terhadap perbedaan untuk mencegah timbulnya benturan antar budaya, benturan kepentingan kelompok tertentu dan sikap fanatisme yang berlebihan terhadap kelompoknya sendiri sehingga perbedaan dan keragaman tersebut tidak disikapi sebagai ancaman yang dapat berdampak pada persengketaan, konflik dan bahkan aksi-aksi anarkis yang dapat memecah belah persatuan bangsa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 325,
"width": 464,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multikultural dalam hal ini menjadi respon sebuah kebijakan baru terhadap banyaknya keberagaman. Artinya, pengakuan terhadap keberagaman ini tidak cukup tanpa adanya kebijakan untuk bersikap adil dan memberi perlakuan sama terhadap komunitas yang beragam tersebut. Sehingga, multikultural sebagai sebuah gerakan kemudian menuntut pengakuan ( politic of recognition ) untuk diterima, dihargai dan mendapat perlindungan. Politic of recognition ini awalnya merupakan gagasan politik yang dikemukakan oleh Charles Taylor yang didasarkan pada beberapa hal. Pertama, persamaan harkat dan martabat manusia. Kedua, Pada dasarnya kebudayaan yang berkembang di masyarakat berbeda-beda dan masing-masing membutuhkan pengakuan dan perlindungan. Ketiga, Pengakuan negara dan elemen sosial lain terhadap berbagai bentuk perbedaan budaya tersebut. 3535 Inayatul Ulya dan Ahmad Afnan Anshori, Pendidikan Islam Multikultural sebagai Resolusi Konflik Agama di Indonesia, Jurnal Fikrah: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan, Vol. 4 No. 1 tahun 2016, h. 23-35.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 490,
"width": 464,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terlepas dari pentingnya pengakuan terhadap keberagaman bangsa tersebut. Bangsa Indonesia tetap harus mempertahankan nilai-nilai otentik bangsa agar Bangsa Indonesia tetap survive dalam menghadapi perubahan global Artinya, keanekaragaman yang dimiliki bangsa tetap harus dalam bingkai Bhineka Tunggal Eka, patuh terhadap Pancasila sebagai dasar dan falsafah negara dan UUD 1945 sebagai konstitusi Negara Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 550,
"width": 464,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penghargaan terhadap keberagaman adalah faktor yang menjadikan kehidupan masyarakat menjadi harmonis, bersatu dan damai di dalam perbedaan, tetapi juga harus ada common values atau nilai yang harus dijunjung tinggi oleh segenap elemen masyarakat yang plural tersebut. Nilai-nilai tersebut menjadi nilai yang disepakati oleh Bangsa Indonesia yang akan menjadi pemersatu masyarakat yang multikultural tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 610,
"width": 464,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan dalam hal ini dapat dijadikan media untuk membangun kesadaran akan pentingnya multikulturalisme. Secara ideal, pendidikan dianggap mampu untuk menjadi penghubung bagi terciptanya dasar kehidupan bangsa yang multikultural dan terbebas dari kooptasi negara. Pergeseran paradigma menuju pada penghargaan atas perbedaan tersebut dapat terealisir apabila ada perubahan paradigma dalam pendidikan, yaitu dari penyeragaman menuju identitas tunggal kemudian diarahkan pada penghargaan keragaman identitas dalam rangka menciptakan harmoni kehidupan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 700,
"width": 464,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan di era multikultural ini memegang peranan yang sangat menentukan terhadap eksistensi dan perkembangan masyarakat, karena pendidikan merupakan sebuah proses dan usaha mentransformasikan nilai-nilai Islam kepada generasi penerusnya. Pendidikan juga didefinisikan sebagai usaha yang bersifat mendidik, membimbing, mempengaruhi dan mengarahkan tentang suatu ilmu pengetahuan. Pendidikan juga diartikan sebagai usaha dalam pergaulan anak untuk mengembangkan perkembangan jasmani dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 800,
"width": 12,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "62",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 55,
"width": 464,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "rohani ke arah kedewasaan. Konseptualisasi tentang pendidikan tersebut kemudian disandingkan dengan multikultural.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 85,
"width": 464,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multikultural secara etimologis dibentuk dari kata multi yang berarti banyak dan kultur yang bermakna budaya. Sehingga, multikultural mengandung makna pengakuan terhadap martabat manusia sesuai dengan kebudayaannya masing-masing. Sehingga Pendidikan multikultural dapat didefinisikan sebagai seperangkat kepercayaan yang mengakui pentingnya penghargaan tentang keragaman budaya dan etnis dalam pengalaman sosial, gaya hidup, identitas pribadi, kesempatan pendidikan, kelompok dan negara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 160,
"width": 464,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan multikultural juga diartikan sebagai sebuah pendekatan dalam belajar mengajar yang didasarkan pada keberagaman nilai dan kepercayaan dan menekankan pada penghargaan budaya yang beracam- macam dari berbagai kelompok sosial. Sehingga, pendidikan multikultural merupakan gerakan pembaharuan dalam bidang pendidikan sebagai bentuk respon pendidikan terhadap perubahan masyarakat yang semakin beragam dan masing-masing membutuhkan pengakuan dan penghargaan akan eksistensinya. Dalam konteks Negara Indonesia, keragaman tersebut dihormati selagi tidak bertentangan dengan dasar falsafah negara dan nilai-nilai yang dijunjung tinggi oleh Bangsa Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 265,
"width": 464,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan cepatnya dinamika dan keberagaman budaya masyarakat, pendidikan multikultural diperlukan bagi masyarakat di Indonesia karena beberapa hal, diantaranya adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 294,
"width": 464,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertama, pendidikan multikultural dapat dijadikan media untuk resolusi konflik. Berbagai fenomena konflik di tengah-tengah masyarakat yang terjadi akhir-akhir ini membutuhkan solusi dengan cara membangun sikap toleransi antara masyarakat karena perbedaan adalah sebuah keniscayaan dalam realitas kehidupan. Pendidikan multikultural dalam hal ini membantu mereposisi perbedaan tersebut sebagai sebuah aset yang dapat dikembangkan sesuai dengan potensi masing-masing dan bukan menjadi sarana konflik yang berujung pada persengketaan, perpecahan atau bahkan sampai pertumpahan darah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 384,
"width": 464,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedua, Pendidikan multikultural dapat menjadi media untuk melestarikankebudayaan. Pada era globalisasi yang ditopang dengan kecanggihan teknologi dan akses internet yang semakin menjadi gaya hidup masyarakat, maka berbagai budaya dimanapun dan kapanpun akan semakin mudah diakses oleh seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Kecenderungan pada trend masa kini dan budaya pop yang sedang berkembang di masyarakat, terutama di sosial media menjadi fenomena yang memprihatinkan, apalagi apabila kecenderungan tersebut berdampak pada krisis identitas diri. Maka budaya sendiri terlupakan dan tercerabut dari akarnya sehingga mengikuti budaya lain yang belum tentu sesuai dengan prinsip-pinsip yang dianut oleh bangsa sendiri. Idealnya pendidikan multikultural dapat membekali masyarakat Indonesia tentang varian budaya Indonesia dan nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalamnya serta membangun sikap dan rasa bangga terhadap budaya yang dimiliki oleh bangsa Indonesia sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 534,
"width": 464,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga, pendidikan multikultural memberi motivasi bagi munculnyakreativitas dan inovasi dalam masyarakat. Penghargaan terhadap keberagaman budaya masyarakat akan berkontribusi positif terhadap tumbuhnya budaya kreatif dan inovatif anak bangsa untuk berpacu meraih prestasi yang gemilang. Sehingga, keberagaman tidak akan menjadi penghambat tetapi justru menjadi media untuk meningkatkan daya saing dengan tetap menjunjung tinggi sportifitas dan semangat persatuan dalam bingkai satu bangsa, satu tanah air dan berkompetisi untuk selalu memberikan yang terbaik bagi kemajuan bangsa dan negara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 624,
"width": 464,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keempat, pendidikan multikultural dapat menjadi landasan pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan. Kurikulum sebagai seperangkat rencana untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan semestinya harus selalu responsif terhadap dinamika dan kebutuhan masyarakat khususnya terkait kebutuhan akan pengakuan terhadap keberagaman. Memasukkan nilai-nilai multikultural tersebut dimulai dari rencana pengembangan kurikulum berbasis multikultural. Pengembangan kurikulum tersebut meliputi perubahan terhadap filosofi kurikulum yang secara operasional dicantumkan dalam visi, misi dan tujuan penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Selain itu, nilai-nilai multikultural juga dimasukkan dalam proses belajar di kelas yang meliputi tujuan instruksional dan kesesuaiannya dengan materi ajar, metode dan media yang diterapkan dalam pembelajaran. Nilai-nilai multikultural juga dapat dikembangkan di kegiatan pengembangan diri peserta didik serta terinternalisasi dalam kultur sekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 808,
"width": 12,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "63",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 24,
"width": 275,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALYTICA ISLAMICA: Vol. 6 No. 1 Januri-Juni 2017",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 55,
"width": 464,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pentingnya memasukkan nilai-nilai multikultural tersebut idealnya tidak hanya dalam pendidikan for- mal saja. Tetapi harus dibangun melalui lembaga pendidikan keluarga dan masyarakat. Karena, berhasil atau tidaknya sebuah proses pendidikan tergantung dari fungsi sinergis yang dibangun oleh ketiga lembaga pendidikan yang dikenal dengan tripusat pendidikan, yaitu lembaga pendidikan sekolah, keluarga dan masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 125,
"width": 70,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 142,
"width": 464,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan temuan-temuan dan hasil pembahasan, maka penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 172,
"width": 451,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Konsep pendidikan multikultural merupakan bagian dari pendidikan Islam yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai moral dan spiritual. Pendidikan Islam multikultural mempunyai misi esensial untuk membangun karakter siswa sebagai seorang muslim yang memahami ajaran agamanya serta mempunyai kesadaran imani yang diwujudkan ke dalam sikap dan perilaku sehari- hari sebagai bentuk pengamalan ajaran agama.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 237,
"width": 451,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Pendidikan Islam Multikultural dalam perspektif Guru PAI di MAN Dolok Masihul Serdang Bedagai cenderung mendorong para siswa untuk tidak inklusif dan menerima segala bentuk perbedaan diantara para siswa dan tetap menjaga kebersamaan melalui ikatan ukhuwah Islamiyah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 285,
"width": 451,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Implementasi pendidikan Islam multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul Serdang Bedagai diselenggarakan melalui penanaman nilai-nilai multikultural dalam mata pelajaran baik yang bernuasa agama Islam maupun mata pelajaran umum lainnya dan ini berlangsung secara kolektif.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 344,
"width": 464,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "baik para guru maupun dukungan dari pimpinan madrasah, disamping itu, cara lain yang ditempuh adalah melalui pembinaan kepribadian siswa melalui kegiatan eksttra dan interakurikuler baik melalui OSIS, Pramuka, PMI, Kader Dakwah dan lain sebagainya dengan maksud para siswa mampu mengembangkan kemampuan kepemimpinan, kemampuan bersosial, dan kemampuan pribadi lainnya dengan harapan para siswa mampu menginternalisasi nilai-nilai kebersamaan dalam wujud nyata dan menekan nilai-nilai perbedaan diantara mereka sehingga dengan hal ini diharapkan berdampak positif terhadap proses interaksi diantara mereka setiap saat dan setiap waktu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 484,
"width": 58,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Endnotes)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 503,
"width": 462,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Abdullah Aly, Studi Deskriptif Niai-nilai Multikultural dalam Pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Modern Islam Assalaam, (Jurnal Ilmiah Pesantren, Volume 1, Nomor 1, Januari-Juli 2015) h. 9.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 537,
"width": 462,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 M. Amin Rais “Kata Pengantar”, dalam Raja Juli Antoni (ed.)Living Together in PluralSocieties: Pengalaman Indonesia-Inggris. (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2002) h. xxi-xxii.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 572,
"width": 136,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Lihat (Q.S.: Al-Hujarat/49:13)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 591,
"width": 140,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Lihat (Q.S.: Al-Baqarah/2:256)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 610,
"width": 462,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Abdullah Aly, Studi Deskriptif Tentang Nilai-nilai Multikultural dalam Pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Modern Islam Assalaam, Jurnal Ilmiah Pesantren, Vol. I, No. I Januari-Juni 2015, h. 12.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 645,
"width": 462,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 M. Amin Abdullah, “Pengajaran Kalam dan Teologi di Era Kemajemukan: Sebuah Tinjauan Materi dan Metode Pendidikan Agama,” dalam Tashwirul Afkar, (Jurnal Refleksi Pemikiran Keagamaan dan Kebudayaan, Edisi No. 11 Tahun 2001) h. 14.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 696,
"width": 462,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 Abdul Munir Mulkhan, “Humanisasi Pendidikan Islam”, dalam Tashwirul Afkar, Jurnal Refleksi Pemikiran Keagamaan dan Kebudayaan, Edisi No. 11 Tahun 2001, hlm. 17-18.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 730,
"width": 462,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 Yayah Khisbiyah, “Mencari Pendidikan yang Menghargai Pluralisme”, dalam Sindhunata (ed.). Membuka Masa Depan Anak-anak Kita: Mencari Kurikulum Pendidikan Abad XXI. (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2000) h. 156.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 765,
"width": 439,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 M. Ainul Yaqin, Pendidikan Multikultural: Cross-Cultural Understanding untuk Demokrasi dan Keadilan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 803,
"width": 12,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "64",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 56,
"width": 171,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Yogyakarta: Pilar Media, 2005) h. 3-4.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 75,
"width": 463,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 M. Choirul Mahfud, Pendidikan Multikultural Cross-CulturalUnderstanding untuk Demokrasi dan Keadilan. Cet. 2. (Yogyakarta:Pustaka Belajar, 2006) h. 4-5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 109,
"width": 463,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11 KBBI Ofline Versi 1.3, Freeware © 2010-2011 by Eka Setiawan. (KBBI dengan mengacu pada data dari KBBI Daring (edisi 3) diambil dari http://pusatbahasa.diknas.go.id/kbbi/ sekarang digant di http:// pusatbahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/ database merupakan hak cipta pusat bahasa software ini gratis dan bebas disebarluaskan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 176,
"width": 463,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12 Darwyn Syah, Perencanaan Sistem Pengajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (Jakarta Gaung Persada, 2007), h. 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 211,
"width": 358,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 Hasan Basri, Filsafat Pendidikan Islam, (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2009), h. 53.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 230,
"width": 381,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14 Syafaruddin, dkk, Ilmu Pendidikan Islam (Jakarta Hijri Pustaka Utama, 2016), h. 26.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 249,
"width": 463,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 Ahmad Tafsir, Ilmu Pendidikan Dalam Perspektif Islam (Bandung Remaja Rosdakarya, 2008, cet. Ke 8, h. 24.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 284,
"width": 463,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16 Dja’far Siddik, Konsep Dasar Ilmu Pendidikan Islam (Bandung Citapustaka Media Perintis, 2011), h. 12. 17 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, Bab I Ketentuan Umum Pasal I Ayat 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 337,
"width": 463,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18 Achmadi, Ideologi Pendidikan Islam, Paradigma Humanisme Teosentris, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010), 26.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 372,
"width": 323,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "19 Naquib Al-Attas, Konsep Pendidikan Islam. (Bandung: Mizan,1984), 60.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 391,
"width": 440,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20 Ahmad Tafsir, Ilmu Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Islam, Cet. 10 (Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 407,
"width": 59,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2011), h. 24.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 426,
"width": 177,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21 Zakiah Darajat, Ilmu., Cet ke 5, h. 86.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 445,
"width": 356,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22 Zuhairini, et. al. Filsafat pendidikan Islam (Jakarta : Bina Aksara, 1995) h. 159.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 464,
"width": 463,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "23 Oemar Muhammad al-Thoumy Al-Syaibani, Falsafah Pendidikan Islam, terj. Hasan Langgulung, (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1979) h. 18.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 498,
"width": 388,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "24 Haidar Putra Daulay, Kapita Selekta Pendidikan Islam (Medan: Perdana, 2012), h. 13.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 517,
"width": 120,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "25 Lihat (Q.S.: Al-Hijr/15:9)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 536,
"width": 463,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "26 Dja’far Siddik, Konsep Dasar Ilmu Pendidikan Islam (Bandung: Citapustaka, 2011), h. 30 27 Moh. Roqib, Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, Pengembangan Pendidikan Integratif di Sekolah, Keluarga dan Masyarakat (Parangtritis: Lkis, 2009) h. 32.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 590,
"width": 382,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "28 Choirul Mahfud, Pendidikan Multikultural, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2006), h. 75.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 609,
"width": 65,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "29 Ibid., h. 103.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 628,
"width": 366,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "30 H.A.R.Tilaar, Kekuasaan dan Pendidikan, (Magelang: Indonesia Tera, 2003) ,162",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 646,
"width": 262,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "31 Choirul Mahfud, Pendidikan Multikultural, Cet. II,.. h. 175.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 665,
"width": 463,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "32 Y Suryana, & Rusdiana, Pendidikan Multikultural: Suatu Upaya Penguatan Jati Diri Bangsa,Konsep- Prinsip-Implementasi ( Bandung: CV. Pustaka Setia, 2015) h. 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 700,
"width": 463,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "33 S Lash, & Featherstone, M. (ed.), Recognition and Difference: Politics, Identity, Multiculture, (Lon- don: Sage Publication, 2002), h. 2-6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 735,
"width": 204,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "34 Y Suryana, Pendidikan Multikultural., h.254.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 797,
"width": 6,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 15,
"width": 486,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mujhirul Iman: Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Dolok Masihul",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 54,
"width": 88,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 468,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aly, Abdullah, Studi Deskriptif Niai-nilai Multikultural dalam Pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Modern Islam Assalaam, (Jurnal Ilmiah Pesantren, Volume 1, Nomor 1, Januari-Juli 2015) Abdullah, M.Amin, “Pengajaran Kalam dan Teologi di Era Kemajemukan: Sebuah Tinjauan Materi dan Metode Pendidikan Agama,” dalam Tashwirul Afkar, (Jurnal Refleksi Pemikiran Keagamaan dan Kebudayaan, Edisi No. 11 Tahun 2001)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 146,
"width": 467,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al-Attas, Naquib, Konsep Pendidikan Islam. (Bandung: Mizan,1984) Al-Syaibani, Oemar Muhammad al-Thoumy, Falsafah Pendidikan Islam , terj. Hasan Langgulung, (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1979)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 193,
"width": 326,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Basri, Hasan, Filsafat Pendidikan Islam, (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2009)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 211,
"width": 467,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rais, M. Amin, “Kata Pengantar”, dalam Raja Juli Antoni (ed.) Living Together in PluralSocieties: Pengalaman Indonesia-Inggris . (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2002)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 240,
"width": 468,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mulkhan, Abdul Munir, “Humanisasi Pendidikan Islam” , dalam Tashwirul Afkar, Jurnal Refleksi Pemikiran Keagamaan dan Kebudayaan , Edisi No. 11 Tahun 2001.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 270,
"width": 467,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khisbiyah, Yayah, “Mencari Pendidikan yang Menghargai Pluralisme”, dalam Sindhunata (ed.). Membuka Masa Depan Anak-anak Kita: Mencari Kurikulum Pendidikan Abad XXI . (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2000)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 312,
"width": 468,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yaqin, M. Ainul, Pendidikan Multikultural: Cross-Cultural Understanding untuk Demokrasi dan Keadilan . (Yogyakarta: Pilar Media, 2005)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 342,
"width": 468,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mahfud, M. Choirul, Pendidikan Multikultural Cross-CulturalUnderstanding untuk Demokrasi dan Keadilan . Cet. 2. (Yogyakarta:Pustaka Belajar, 2006)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 372,
"width": 468,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KBBI Ofline Versi 1.3, Freeware © 2010-2011 by Eka Setiawan. (KBBI dengan mengacu pada data dari KBBI Daring (edisi 3) diambil dari http://pusatbahasa.diknas.go.id/kbbi/ sekarang digant di http:/ /pusatbahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/ database merupakan hak cipta pusat bahasa software ini gratis dan bebas disebarluaskan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 425,
"width": 467,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Syah, Darwyn, Perencanaan Sistem Pengajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (Jakarta Gaung Persada, 2007) Syafaruddin, dkk, Ilmu Pendidikan Islam (Jakarta Hijri Pustaka Utama, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 460,
"width": 461,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tafsir, Ahmad, Ilmu Pendidikan Dalam Perspektif Islam (Bandung Remaja Rosdakarya, 2008, cet. Ke 8 Siddik, Dja’far, Konsep Dasar Ilmu Pendidikan Islam (Bandung Citapustaka Media Perintis, 2011)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 496,
"width": 468,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, Bab I Ketentuan Umum Pasal I Ayat 1.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 525,
"width": 468,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Achmadi, Ideologi Pendidikan Islam, Paradigma Humanisme Teosentris, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010) Tafsir, Ahmad, Ilmu Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Islam , Cet. 10 (Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011) Zuhairini, et. al. Filsafat pendidikan Islam (Jakarta : Bina Aksara, 1995)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 578,
"width": 378,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daulay, Haidar Putra, Kapita Selekta Pendidikan Islam (Medan: Perdana, 2012) Siddik, Dja’far, Konsep Dasar Ilmu Pendidikan Islam (Bandung: Citapustaka, 2011)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 613,
"width": 467,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Roqib, Moh, Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, Pengembangan Pendidikan Integratif di Sekolah, Keluarga dan Masyarakat (Parangtritis: Lkis, 2009)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 643,
"width": 354,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mahfud, Choirul, Pendidikan Multikultural, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2006) Tilaar, H.A.R, Kekuasaan dan Pendidikan, (Magelang: Indonesia Tera, 2003)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 678,
"width": 467,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suryana, Y, & Rusdiana, Pendidikan Multikultural: Suatu Upaya PenguatanJati Diri Bangsa,Konsep-Prinsip-Implementasi ( Bandung: CV. Pustaka Setia, 2015)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 708,
"width": 467,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lash, S, & Featherstone, M. (ed.), Recognition and Difference: Politics, Identity, Multiculture, (London: Sage Publica- tion, 2002)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 738,
"width": 468,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ulya, Inayatul, dan Ahmad Afnan Anshori, Pendidikan Islam Multikultural sebagai Resolusi Konflik Agama di Indone- sia, Jurnal Fikrah: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan, Vol. 4 No. 1 tahun 2016",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 789,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "65",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 23,
"width": 275,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALYTICA ISLAMICA: Vol. 6 No. 1 Januri-Juni 2017",
"type": "Section header"
}
] |
5f3f8ee1-c63d-1f5f-9a41-10d071af41df | https://jurnal.ut.ac.id/index.php/jptjj/article/download/1553/930 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 798,
"width": 128,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.33830/ptjj.v20",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 798,
"width": 164,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://jurnal.ut.ac.id/index.php/jptjj",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 74,
"width": 431,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HAMBATAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING DALAM MEMBANGUN KARAKTER SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI TENGAH PANDEMI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 112,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hanum Aulia Azzahra",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 125,
"width": 255,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Negeri Malang Jawa Tengah, Indonesia Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 163,
"width": 356,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Received: 2020-02-15; Accepted: 2020-03-05; Published: 2020-03-15",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 188,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 217,
"width": 455,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pandemi Covid-19 mengharuskan sekolah melakukan pembelajaran daring di rumah sesuai dengan arahan Mendikbud melalui Surat Edaran No. 4 Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hambatan serta bagaimana membangun karakter siswa melalui pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode library research dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara studi kepustakaan atau menelusuri sumber yang relevan dengan penelitian. Temuan dari studi ini adalah hambatan yang dialami oleh siswa, guru, dan orang tua dalam pembelajaran daring",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 319,
"width": 366,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Pandemi Covid-19; pembelajaran daring; pendidikan karakter",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 346,
"width": 48,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 360,
"width": 454,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Covid-19 pandemic requires schools to conduct online learning at home by the direction of the Minister of Education and Culture through Circular No. 4 of 2020. This study aims to determine obstacles and how to build student character through online learning. This study uses a library research method with data collection techniques using literature study or tracing sources relevant to the research. The findings of this study are the obstacles experienced by students, teachers, and parents in online learning.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 462,
"width": 315,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : The Covid-19; Online Learning; Character Buliding",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 491,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 506,
"width": 454,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia sedang mengalami musibah sejak Maret 2020, Covid-19 yang awalnya hanya menyerang beberapa jiwa hingga menjadi jutaan jiwa telah mengubah status indonesia menjadi darurat hingga Presiden Joko Widodo mengeluarkan Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan sebagai Bencana Nasional dan menetapkan Covid-19 sebagai pandemi. Lambat laun, kebijakan yang ada mengalami perubahan atau hanya sekedar menyesuaikan dengan keadaan yang darurat. Mulai dari aktivitas masyarakat, perekonomian hingga pendidikan. Dalam dunia pendidikan, banyak sekali kebijakan yang dikeluarkan agar pendidikan tetap berjalan namun dengan tetap mencegah penyebaran Covid-19. Dari dikeluarkannya Surat Edaran Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 hingga diberlakukan pembelajaran daring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 651,
"width": 454,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Suriadi, Firman, & Ahmad, 2021) Pendidikan adalah proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bakat pada diri anak, baik itu bersifat kepribadian, kecerdasan, spritual dan kegamaan. Pembelajaran merupakan bagian terpenting dari pendidikan. Menurut UU No. 20 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sisdiknas Pasal 1 Ayat 20 Pembelajaran adalah proses interaksi peserta didik dengan pendidik dan sumber belajar pada suatu lingkungan belajar. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, pembelajaran merupakan proses yang sistematis dan sistemik yang bersifat interaktif dan komunikatif antara pendidik dengan siswa, sumber belajar dan lingkungan untuk menciptakan situasi dan kondisi yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 18,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "34",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 38,
"width": 347,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Terbuka dan Jarak Jauh, (21), 1 (2020): 33-38",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 784,
"width": 452,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hanum Aulia Azzahra / Hambatan Pembelajaran Daring Dalam Membangun Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar Di Tengah Pandemi",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 78,
"width": 454,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "memungkinkan terjadinya tindakan belajar (Arifin, 2010). Pembelajaran pada biasanya berlangsung secara tatap muka langsung, namun pandemi Covid-19 telah mengubah kebijakan menjadi pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring (dalam jaringan) sesuai dengan Surat Edaran Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 yang dikeluarkan oleh Menteri Pendidikan Nadiem Anwar Makarim.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 150,
"width": 454,
"height": 214,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelajaran pada biasanya menggunakan Kurikulum 2013 yang tidak hanya menekankan aspek kognitif saja namun membangun karakter siswa. Hal tersebut telah tertuang pada Permendikbud No. 69 Tahun 2013 Tentang Kerangka Dasar Dan Struktur Kurikulum Sekolah Menengah bahwa tujuan Kurikulum 2013 adalah mempersiapkan manusia Indonesia agar memiliki kemampuan hidup sebagai pribadi dan warga Negara yang beriman, produktif, kreatif, inovatif, dan afektif serta mampu berkontribusi pada kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa,bernegara, dan peradaban dunia. Namun pada pembelajaran daring, ditetapkan Kurikulum Darurat untuk menyesuaikan dengan kondisi yang ada sebagai pedoman pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Menteri Nadiem Makarim memaparkan bahwa kurikulum yang ada telah dirombak ulang yaitu kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan hanya tiga bulan. Artinya, Kurikulum 2013 telah dipadatkan dan harus diselesaikan dalam waktu yang telah ditentukan. Dengan begitu pembelajaran daring memiliki tantangan yang besar selain menyelesaikan dengan tepat waktu namun bagaimana membangun karakter siswa melalu pembelajaran yang hanya menggunakan teknologi canggih seperti Laptop dan Handphone tanpa bertatap muka secara langsung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 368,
"width": 454,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana hambatan dalam membangun karakter siswa sekolah dasar melalui pembelajaran daring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 427,
"width": 119,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 441,
"width": 455,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi ini menggunakan metode library research atau studi pustaka. Metode studi pustaka adalah metode yang sumber data diperoleh dari berbagai literatur, seperti perpustakaan dan google scholar dalam bentuk buku, jurnal, majalah, dokumen dan sebagainya. Dalam menganalisa data penelitian ini, digunakan teknik analisis data yang berupa pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan serta verifikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 528,
"width": 213,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 543,
"width": 455,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses pembelajaran di sekolah adalah alat kebijakan publik yang merupakan upaya dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan skill belajar siswa (Sari, Tusyantari, & Suswandari, 2021). Namun pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda Indonesia memberikan dampak besar bagi pendidikan. Bagaimana tidak berpengaruh, awal penyebaran Covid-19 semua sekolah diliburkan oleh pemerintah selama 14 hari untuk mencegah penularan Covid-19 di lingkungan sekolah sesuai dengan arahan Mendikbud Nadiem Makarim melalui Surat Edaran No. 3 Tahun 2020 (Projo, 2020). Menindaklanjuti hal tersebut, pada tanggal 24 Maret 2020 Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia menerbitkan SE No. 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pelaksanaan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Covid-19 bahwa proses belajar dilakukan dari rumah melalui pembelajaran jarak jauh/dalam jaringan (daring) untuk memberikan pengalaman belajar yang bermakna bagi siswa (Kementrian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan`, 2020)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 718,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring dilakukan sesuai dengan kemampuan tiap masing- masing sekolah dengan memanfaatkan teknologi digital seperti Hp dan Laptop melalui aplikasi rumah belajar, whatsapp group, video conference, zoom, google classroom, google",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 327,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Terbuka dan Jarak Jauh, (21), 1 (2020): 33-38",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 504,
"top": 38,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "35",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 784,
"width": 452,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hanum Aulia Azzahra / Hambatan Pembelajaran Daring Dalam Membangun Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar Di Tengah Pandemi",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 455,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "meet dan lain sebagainya (Dewi, 2020). Dikutip dari laman resmi Kemdikbud, pembelajaran daring difokuskan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa mengenai Covid-19. Aktivitas pembelajaran dapat bervariasi antar siswa, sesuai dengan minat dan kondisi masing-masing yang termasuk dalam hal kesenjangan akses/fasilitas belajar di rumah. Meskipun pembelajaran dilakukan di rumah masing-masing, guru tetap melaksanakan tugasnya sebagai pembimbing dan mengajak siswa berinteraksi serta berkomunikasi bukan hanya memberikan tugas saja (Kemdikbud, 2014)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 176,
"width": 455,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring, siswa harus membiasakan diri belajar di rumah tanpa bertemu dengan teman ataupun guru. Hal tersebut dapat berakibat pada psikis siswa. Siswa dapat mengalami perubahan psikologis akibat di rumah terus seperti a) kurangnya keefektifan belajar, b) kurangnya interaksi sosial dengan teman, c) kelambanan perkembangan, kecemasan tinggi dan d) kekebalan tubuh melemah (Mahmudah, 2020). Hal demikian terjadi karena siswa tidak berinteraksi dengan lingkungannya dan harus membiasakan diri dengan lingkungan baru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 278,
"width": 455,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tidak hanya psikis saja sebagai akibat dari pembelajaran daring, namun mempengaruhi karakter siswa juga. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian (Suriadi et al., 2021) peneliti menyimpulkan beberapa tindakan atau karakter siswa yang dipengaruhi oleh pembelajaran daring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 336,
"width": 454,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siswa menjadi tidak bertanggungjawab. Pembelajaran daring dilaksanakan serba online dan jauh dari pengawasan guru secara langsung. Hal tersebut menjadikan siswa terbiasa menunda tugas hingga mengabaikan dan malas mengerjakan tugas dikarenakan merasa tidak ada yang mengawasinya. Siswa menjadi bingung hingga stress. Dikarenakan pembelajaran daring adalah hal yang pertama kali dilakukan tidak seperti biasanya dan tidak diawasi oleh guru, menyebabkan siswa kehilangan minat baca hingga mengabaikan belajar dan tertarik pada game yang ada di Handphone.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 438,
"width": 454,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siswa tidak terkontrol. Siswa yang memiliki orang tua yang sibuk menjadi lebih sulit diatur karena tidak diawasi langsung oleh guru serta didampingi oleh orang tua sehingga berbuat semaunya. Pembelajaran daring dalam memanfaatkan teknologi bukan tidak memiliki masalah, namun ada beberapa faktor yang menjadi kendala dalam terlaksananya pembelajaran yaitu a Keterbatasan penguasaan teknologi informasi oleh guru dan siswa. b Sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai. c Akses internet yang terbatas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 555,
"width": 260,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d Kurang siapnya penyediaan anggaran (Aji, 2020)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 569,
"width": 454,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tidak hanya hanya itu, terdapat beberapa hambatan juga dalam membangun karakter siswa melalui pembelajaran daring yaitu sebagai berikut. Siswa belum terbiasa dengan pembelajaran daring. Sebab mereka terbiasa dengan sistem belajar tatap muka secara langsung dengan diawasi serta dibimbing langsung oleh guru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 627,
"width": 455,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siswa mengalami perubahan psikis sebagai akibat dari pembiasaan pembelajaran daring. Siswa hanya berada di rumah dari hari ke hari tanpa bertemu teman ataupun guru. Orang tua kurang mengawasi dan membimbing anaknya. Orang tua sangat berperan penting dalam pembelajaran daring, sebab orang tua merupakan orang yang sering bertemu dengan siswa tersebut. Orang tua lebih mudah dalam membimbing dan mengawasi anak belajar di rumah. Oleh karena itu, siswa perlu mendapat perhatian lebih dan bimbingan dari orang tua ketika melakukan pembelajaran daring ataupun mengerjakan tugas (Shereen, Khan, Kazmi, Bashir, & Siddique, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 744,
"width": 454,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Guru kurang kreatif dan peduli. Guru yang cara mengajarnya tidak bisa menyesuaikan dengan kondisi yang ada akan membuat siswa merasa malas dan kehilangan motivasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 18,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 38,
"width": 347,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Terbuka dan Jarak Jauh, (21), 1 (2020): 33-38",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 784,
"width": 452,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hanum Aulia Azzahra / Hambatan Pembelajaran Daring Dalam Membangun Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar Di Tengah Pandemi",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 78,
"width": 455,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "belajar. Tidak hanya itu, apabila tugas yang diberikan terlalu banyak tanpa memikirkan kemampuan siswa maka akan membuat siswa stress dan semakin malas mengikuti pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 121,
"width": 460,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Guru memberikan penugasan-penugasan praktik baik (good habit) untuk dilakukan peserta didik dalam pengawasan orang tua. Misalnya, membuat buku agenda harian ibadah dan karakter. Peserta didik ditugaskan untuk mendirikan shalat fardhu berjamaah, shalat sunnat (rawatib, dhuha, qiyamul lail), tilawah Alquran, dan sebagianya, sebagai penanaman karakter religius dan sikap spiritual. Sementara sikap sosial bisa ditugaskan dengan sedekah/infaq harian, membantu orang tua: membersihkan rumah, membersihkan tempat tidur, dan sebagainya (Suastika & Yasa, 2017). Tidak hanya dari pihak guru saja, namun orang tua berperan penting dalam membangun karakter siswa yaitu dengan mengawasi dan membimbing anaknya. Orang tua harus bisa menyesuaikan diri dan mampu menjadi mentor bagi anaknya (Siahaan & Agustini, 2021)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 296,
"width": 76,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 310,
"width": 455,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelajaran daring merupakan solusi terbaik yang harus dilakukan agar proses pembelajaran tetap berjalan walaupun di masa pandemi. Pembelajaran daring mengharuskan semua warga sekolah terutama guru dan siswa menggunakan serta mempelajari teknologi yang ada agar menunjang berlangsungnya pembelajaran. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring tidak selalu berjalan lancar, ada beberapa hambatan baik dari fasilitas maupun karakter siswa. Tidak semua siswa memiliki handphone ataupun laptop hingga perubahan psikis yang terjadi pada diri siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 412,
"width": 454,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut diperlukan peran dari beberapa aspek yaitu pemerintah memberikan bantuan berupa subsidi kuota agar berkurang beban orang tua dalam membiayai proses pembelajaran daring, guru seharusnya memberikan pekerjaan kepada siswa sesuai dengan kemampuannya serta selalu mengawasi, membimbing, berkomunikasi serta berkontribusi terhadap tugas siswa. Orang tua pun sangat berperan penting sebab orang tua sering bertemu dengan anaknya, orang tua harus selalu membimbing dan menjadi mentor serta mengawasi anaknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 247,
"top": 543,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 568,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aji, Rizqon Halal Syah. (2020). Dampak COVID-19 pada pendidikan di indonesia: Sekolah, keterampilan, dan proses pembelajaran. Salam: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-i.(7) , 5 , 395 –402.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 619,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arifin, Syamsul. (2010). Memahami KBK_SCL dan implementasinya. P3AI-ITS, Diunduh Dari Http://Www. Vilila. Com/2010/10/Memahami-Kbk-Scl-Dan-Implementasinya. Html .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 657,
"width": 455,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewi, Wahyu Aji Fatma. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 terhadap implementasi pembelajaran daring di Sekolah Dasar. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan , 2 (1), 55 –61.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 695,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemdikbud. (2014). konsep dan implementasi kurikulum 2013. In KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN . Retrieved from",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 720,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/kemdikbud/dokumen/Paparan/Paparan Wamendik.pdf kementrian pendidikan dan kebudayaan`. (2020). belajar dari rumah melaluli pembelajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 327,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Terbuka dan Jarak Jauh, (21), 1 (2020): 33-38",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 504,
"top": 38,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "37",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 784,
"width": 452,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hanum Aulia Azzahra / Hambatan Pembelajaran Daring Dalam Membangun Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar Di Tengah Pandemi",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 74,
"width": 431,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "jarak jauh di SMA (1st ed.; MA Hastuti Mustikaningsih, Ed.). Retrieved from http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/20548/1/Belajar dari Rumah melalui Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di SMA.pdf",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 125,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Projo, Wahyu Adityo. (2020). Pedoman Pencegahan Penularan Virus Corona dari Nadiem Makarim untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 138,
"width": 171,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siswa dan Mahasiswa .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 138,
"width": 430,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Retrieved from https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2020/03/10/194616271/pedoman-pencegahan- penularan-virus-corona-dari-nadiem-makarim-untuk-siswa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 188,
"width": 455,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sari, Ria Puspita, Tusyantari, Nabila Bunnanditya, & Suswandari, Meidawati. (2021). Dampak Pembelajaran Daring Bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Selama Covid-19. Prima Magistra: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan , 2 (1), 9 –15.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 239,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Shereen, Muhammad Adnan, Khan, Suliman, Kazmi, Abeer, Bashir, Nadia, & Siddique, Rabeea. (2020). COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research , 24 , 91.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 285,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siahaan, Sabda Dian Nurani, & Agustini, Fauzia. (2021). Analisis Kepuasan Pelanggan Dengan Metode Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI)(Studi Kasus Pada BNI UNIMED). Journal of Business and Economics Research (JBE) , 2 (1), 13 –19.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 331,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suastika, I. Gede Yoga, & Yasa, I. Nyoman Mahaendra. (2017). Pengaruh Jumlah Kunjungan Wisatawan, Lama Tinggal Wisatawan, dan Tingkat Hunian Hotel terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat pada Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Bali. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana , 6 (7), 1338.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 389,
"width": 455,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suriadi, Harri Jumarto, Firman, Firman, & Ahmad, Riska. (2021). Analisis Problema Pembelajaran Daring Terhadap Pendidikan Karakter Peserta Didik. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan , 3 (1), 165 –173.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 489,
"width": 376,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2020 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
2d690694-8a3b-de6c-7156-7e26191935bf | http://jurnal.uts.ac.id/index.php/JINTEKS/article/download/2266/1215 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 213,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JINTEKS (Jurnal Informatika Teknologi dan Sains)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 435,
"top": 38,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN 2686-3359 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 179,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 1, Februari 2023, hlm. 127 – 132",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 809,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "127",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 73,
"width": 441,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ANALISIS STRATEGI DIGITAL MARKETING DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMASARAN BATU",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 85,
"width": 292,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PERMATA (STUDI KASUS: CV. SINAR MAS JAYA PERMATA)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 120,
"width": 411,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anak Agung Istri Agung Dwi Arismayanti 1* , Sephy Lavianto 2 , I Gst. Agung Pramesti Dwi Putri 3 1,23 Sistem Informasi, STMIK Primakara email : [email protected] *",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 181,
"width": 456,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak : Strategi pemasaran yang tepat sangat penting diterapkan untuk mengembangkan bisnis yang berkelanjutan dan mendapatkan target pembeli yang lebih luas. Penerapan digital marketing merupakan upaya yang dapat dilakukan perusahaan untuk semakin dekat dengan konsumen melalui penerapan teknologi digital. Studi kasus dari penelitian ini bertempat di CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata yang menjual batu permata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pemasaran dan penjualan batu permata melalui pemasaran digital. Selain itu, penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan wawancara dan lembar observasi. Penelitian ini juga menerapkan strategi STP ( Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning ), dan analisis SWOT ( Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunity, Threat ) untuk mengetahui hasil usulan strategi yang akan diterapkan oleh CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata. Hasil observasi dan wawancara menyatakan pemasaran secara online belum berjalan dengan maksimal tetapi memperoleh jangkauan pengunjung lebih luas dibandingkan dengan memasarkan secara offline di toko. Media sosial dan Website menjadi media penerapan digital marketing . Hasil analisa SWOT ini dapat digunakan CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata sebagai bahan pemecahan masalah, meningkatkan pemasaran dan penjualannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 316,
"width": 245,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci : batu permata, pemasaran digital, strategi pemasaran,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 337,
"width": 456,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract: A suitable marketing strategy is very important to implement to develop a sustainable business and get a wider target buyer. The application of digital marketing is an effort that companies can make to get closer to consumers through the application of digital technology. The case study from this research is located in CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata which sells gemstones. This study aims to analyze strategies that can be implemented to increase the marketing and sales of gemstones through digital marketing. In addition, this research is descriptive qualitative with interviews and observation. This study also applies the STP strategy (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning), and SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) to find out the results of the strategies that will be implemented by CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata. The results of observations and interviews state that online marketing has not run optimally but has gained a wider reach of visitors compared to offline marketing in stores. Social media and websites are media for implementing digital marketing. The results of this SWOT analysis can be used by CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata as a problem solving material, increasing marketing and sales. The results of this SWOT analysis can be used by CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata as a problem solving material, increasing marketing and sales..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 471,
"width": 222,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords : digital marketing, gemstones, marketing strategy",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 505,
"width": 80,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 516,
"width": 215,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perkembangan teknologi di era modern saat ini mampu mempengaruhi segala aktivitas manusia, terutama dengan adanya internet yang merupakan pintu gerbang dari segala informasi [1]. Banyak informasi yang dapat diakses melalui internet, baik berupa tulisan, gambar, video, maupun suara. Dengan adanya kemudahan informasi, memasarkan maupun membeli suatu produk sangat mudah dilakukan secara online. Pemasaran berbasis digital telah menjadi trend dikalangan masyarakat seiring banyaknya pengguna internet. Perusahaan harus bisa mengikuti perkembangan ini dengan menganalisa dan menyusun strategi pemasaran yang tepat untuk perusahaannya [2].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 677,
"width": 215,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Proses pemasaran sangat penting bagi sebuah perusahaan agar dapat menciptakan proses interaksi antara penjual dan konsumen sehingga setiap produk yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan dapat diketahui dan dinikmati konsumen guna memenuhi kebutuhan [3]. Pemasaran digital secara sederhana dapat sebagai upaya mencapai tujuan pemasaran melalui penerapan teknologi dan media digital serta peran terpenting pemasaran digital adalah untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 505,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mendorong tindakan dan advokasi serta hasil, sedangkan pemasaran tradisional fokusnya adalah memulai interaksi pelanggan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 539,
"width": 216,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Strategi pemasaran adalah suatu rencana sistematis dan menyeluruh yang digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam melakukan kegiatan pemasaran untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan yaitu memperoleh keuntungan [4]. Strategi pemasaran menggunakan digital marketing dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara seperti, menggunakan digital advertising , media sosial, dan menggunakan market place [5]. Sarana strategi pemasaran digital marketing dalam penelitian ini akan menggunakan media sosial, seperti Instagram dan facebook . Media sosial merupakan media digital yang dapat menghubungkan setiap orang yang ada di seluruh negara. Media sosial adalah alat komunikasi baru yang dapat bekerja dengan banyak fitur yang tersedia salah satunya media iklan [6].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 723,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata terletak di JI. Raya Mambal Semana, Abiansemal, Badung didirikan sejak tahun 2012 oleh I Ketut Dharma Kresna Wijaya. Toko batu permata dibuka setelah Bapak Ketut mempelajari batu permata selama tiga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 213,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JINTEKS (Jurnal Informatika Teknologi dan Sains)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 435,
"top": 38,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN 2686-3359 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 179,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 1, Februari 2023, hlm. 127 – 132",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 809,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "128",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 215,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tahun di Florida. Pak Ketut ingin melestarikan budaya Bali dimana masyarakatnya dari sejak lahir telah menggunakan batu permata sebagai aksesoris yang dipercaya juga memberikan keberuntungan. Sejak awal CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata menggunakan pemasaran dengan cara mengikuti acara seperti pameran, stand cinderamata di supermarket yang ada di Bali, dan secara pribadi pemilik toko menarik pembeli dari pemasaran mulut ke mulut. Dalam pembuatan aksesoris CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata menggunakan bahan emas dan perak sebagai cangkok untuk aksesoris cincin, rantai kalung dan untuk bahan anting-anting.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 248,
"width": 215,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Strategi pemasaran yang digunakan CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata sampai saat ini yaitu melalui mulut ke mulut dan kerap mengikuti berbagai pameran seperti Pesta Kesenian Bali. Peluang pasar dengan strategi tersebut sudah menghasilkan pendapatan yang baik setiap bulannya. Tetapi pemasaran yang masih manual di era saat ini perlu disesuaikan dengan pemasaran secara digital [2]. Hal yang perlu dilakukan guna meningkatkan target pasar yang lebih luas. Selain itu di tengah masa pandemi mengakibatkan terbatasnya aktivitas masyarakat untuk keluar rumah, sehingga dengan adanya pemasaran melalui media digital ini akan mempermudah proses transaksi jual beli.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 409,
"width": 215,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keadaan saat ini mau tidak mau pemilik usaha atau toko harus menerapkan pemasaran secara digital kalau tidak ingin tertinggal. Maka dari itu strategi digital marketing yang ingin penulis terapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan media sosial yang berupa Facebook Fanpage dan Instagram serta adaya Website yang akan menampilkan katalog foto produk. Penjabaran dari latar belakang tersebut, maka penulis melakukan penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Strategi Digital Marketing Dalam Meningkatkan Pemasaran Batu Permata (Studi Kasus: CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata)”. Hasil penelitian ini dirancang untuk membantu pemilik usaha, menggunakan strategi pemasaran digital marketing untuk memperluas target pasar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 593,
"width": 105,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TINJAUAN PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 617,
"width": 218,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terdapat penelitian terdahulu yang pernah dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya dan relevan dengan penelitian yang akan dilakukan. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Wildan (2021) menunjukan bahwa strategi yang dapat dilakukan melalui digital marketing yakni dengan melakukan pemasaran melalui dua metode, yakni secara online dan offline . Pemasaran secara online diterapkan melalui media sosial, website dan pembuatan mobile apss , sedangkan pemasaran offline berupa penyebaran brosur [7]. Pada penelitian A.A Cahyani (2019) menyebutkan penerapan strategi digital dengan analisis value chain, SWOT dan CSF menunjukan hasil perencanaan strategi digital berupa strategi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 87,
"width": 215,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "bisnis SI, strategi Teknologi Informasi dan strategi manajemen SI/TI yang dapat menjadi acuan perusahaan dalam mencapai visi misi perusahaan sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya saing perusahaan [8]. Penelitian berikutnya ditulis oleh Nurul (2018) yang menunjukan pemasaran digital dapat membantu penjualan Living Space dan Efo Stor e mulai dari penentuan segmentation, targeting, positiong pasar, da marketing mix dalam hampir seluruh kegiatan pemasaran dan penjualan. Terintegrasi [9]. Melalui penelitian sebelumnya sebagai relevansi, maka penelitian ini akan menyusun strategi pemasaran digital melalui penentuan segmentasi pasar, positioning, targeting, dan marketing mix . Setelah melakukan identifikasi tersebut, data akan dianalisis melalui pendekatan SWOT sehingga menunjukan hasil berupa perencanaan yang efektif dan efisien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 283,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapum landasan konsep dan teori yang mendukung penelitian untuk pemecahan permasalahan, diantarannya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 317,
"width": 95,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Digital Marketing",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 329,
"width": 202,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Digital marketing merupakan suatu strategi pemasaran menggunakan media digital dan internet. Konsep dan penerapan digital marketing merupakan hal yang digunakan untuk menunjang penjualan produk maupun jasa. Dengan adanya digital marketing , pemasaran produk maupun jasa bisa dilakukan dengan sangat luas. Digital marketing atau bisa juga disebut dengan pemasaran digital adalah segala upaya yang dilakukan dalam hal pemasaran dengan menggunakan perangkat yang terhubung dengan internet, beragam strategi dan Media digital, yang pada tujuannya dapat berkomunikasi dengan calon konsumen dengan saluran komunikasi online . Beragam akses digital marketing yang dapat digunakan calon konsumen melalui: Website, Blog , Sosial Media ( Instagram, WhatsApp, Line), Interactive Audio Video (Youtube, Video), Interactive Audio (Podcast, Soundcloud, Spotify ), dan Display Ads [10].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 582,
"width": 105,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Strategi Pemasaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 593,
"width": 216,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Strategi pemasaran adalah suatu rencana sistematis dan menyeluruh yang digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam melakukan kegiatan pemasaran untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan yaitu memperoleh keuntungan [6]. Tujuan akhir dari melakukan marketing adalah kepuasan konsumen. Konsep strategi pemasaran yang dapat diterapkan para pelaku bisnis yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 694,
"width": 216,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Segmentation pasar yang bertujuan agar pasar yang sifatnya heterogen menjadi satuan pasar yang bersifat homogen. Segmentation merupakan penentuan komponen strategi yang disertai dengan pemilihan target market. Dengan segmentation ini perusahaan dapat melihat lebih jelas dalam menentukan posisi pasar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 213,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JINTEKS (Jurnal Informatika Teknologi dan Sains)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 435,
"top": 38,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN 2686-3359 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 179,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 1, Februari 2023, hlm. 127 – 132",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 809,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "129",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 215,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Market positioning yang dapat menguasai seluruh pasar, perlunya pelaku bisnis memikirkan pola spesifik untuk mendapatkan posisi kuat dalam pasar yaitu memilih segmen yang paling menguntungkan. Positioning merupakan cara untuk menempatkan sebuah produk dengan jelas berbeda dengan yang lain, diminati oleh pasar yang akan dituju.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 187,
"width": 215,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Targeting pemilahan satu atau beberapa segmen pasar dari keseluruhan segmentation pasar yang akan menjadi fokus kegiatan pemasaran suatu perusahaan. Dalam penentuan targeting diperlukan survey untuk dapat mengetahui keadaan pasar sehingga tidak salah target [11]",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 264,
"width": 215,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Marketing Mix strategi diartikan sebagai sekumpulan variabel pemasaran yang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 287,
"width": 197,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berorientasi pada terget penjualan yang diinginkan. Marketing mix merupakan taktik dalam mengintegrasikan tawaran, logistik, dan komunikasi produk atau jasa. Dengan marketing mix tidak hanya perlu membuat penawaran yang menarik, tetapi juga harus memikirkan taktik yang tepat dalam distribusi dan promosi [12].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 376,
"width": 84,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Analisis SWOT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 395,
"width": 194,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis SWOT adalah identifikasi berbagai faktor secara sistematis untuk merumuskan strategi perusahaan [13]. Analisis ini didasarkan pada logika yang dapat memaksimalkan kekuatan ( Strengths ) dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 266,
"top": 441,
"width": 34,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "peluang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 453,
"width": 194,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "( Opportunity ), namun secara bersamaan dapat meminimalkan kelemahan ( Weaknesses ) dan ancaman ( Threats ). Analisis SWOT merupakan perkembangan hubungan ataupun interaksi antar faktor internal yaitu, kekuatan serta kelemahan terhadap faktor eksternal yaitu kesempatan serta ancaman. Analisis SWOT membantu untuk menentukan kekuatan serta kelemahan dari perusahaan sebelum menetapkan proses pengambilan keputusan strategis selalu berkaitan dengan pengembangan misi, tujuan, strategi dan kebijakan perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 591,
"width": 194,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan demikian perencanaan strategi (strategic planner) harus menganalisis faktor strategis perusahaan (kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman. [14]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 645,
"width": 197,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun empat unsur yang membentuk SWOT sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 676,
"width": 108,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Strength (Kekuatan)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 696,
"width": 197,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kekuatan merupakan bagian dari faktor internal perusahaan, dengan mencari unsur karakteristik perusahaan yang menunjukkan kekuatanya secara spesifik mampu memberikan kelebihan atau keuntungan bagi bisnis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 761,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Weaknesses (Kelemahan)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kelemahan ini juga merupakan unsur yang dari faktor internal, unsur ini ditemukan karakteristik perusahaan yang berkaitan dengan kelemahan yang mungkin dapat menghambat perkembangan perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 153,
"width": 114,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Opportunity (Peluang)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 172,
"width": 197,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peluang merupakan faktor dari eksternal perusahaan, unsur karakteristik yang berkaitan dengan peluang dari lingkungan sekitar sehingga mampu mendorong perusahaan agar mengalami kemajuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 238,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Threats (Ancaman)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 257,
"width": 194,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ancaman merupakan bagian dari eksternal perusahaan, meliputi unsur yang berkaitan dengan ancaman dari situasi yang memungkinkan untuk menghambat perusahaan, menempatkan perusahaan dnalam situasi sulit atau menimbulkan masalah [15].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 334,
"width": 197,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Matriks SWOT dapat mempermudah merumuskan berbagai strategi. Matriks ini akan menghasilkan empat kelompok alternatif strategi yang disebutstrategi SO, strategi ST, strategi WO dan strategi WT",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 400,
"width": 180,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Matriks SWOT IFAS EFAS Strength (S) Daftar semua kekuatan yang dimiliki Weakness (W) Daftar semua kelemahan yang dimiliki",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 459,
"width": 59,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Opportunites (O)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 459,
"width": 118,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daftar semua peluang yang dapat diidentifikasi Strategi SO Strategi yang menggunakan kekuatan untuk memanfaatkan peluang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 481,
"top": 459,
"width": 45,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Strategi WO",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 470,
"width": 194,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Strategi yang meminimalkan kelemahan untuk memanfaatkan peluang Threats (T) Daftar semua ancaman yang dapat diidentifikasi Strategi ST Strategi yang memanfaatkan kekuatan untuk mengatasi ancaman",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 482,
"top": 518,
"width": 44,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Strategi WT",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 479,
"top": 529,
"width": 50,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Strategi yang meminimalkan kelemahan dan menghindari ancaman",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 598,
"width": 44,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 621,
"width": 216,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan sebelum menerapkan strategi digital marketing dengan setelah diterapkannya strategi digital marketing di CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini melalui Studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai referensi melalui buku dan jurnal ilmiah terdahulu. Observasi lapangan yang telah dilakukan dan melakukan wawancara dengan pemilik CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata memperoleh data yang akan menjadi proses analisis strategi pemasaran yang akan diterapkan. Sumber data yang digunakan merupakan data primer",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 213,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JINTEKS (Jurnal Informatika Teknologi dan Sains)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 435,
"top": 38,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN 2686-3359 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 179,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 1, Februari 2023, hlm. 127 – 132",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 809,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "130",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "atau data yang di dapat secara langsung dari observasi, dan data sekunder atau data yang secara tidak langsung dikumpulkan peneliti . [13]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 122,
"width": 215,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Alur penelitian dimulai dari melakukan wawancara pada pemilik CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata, tentang permasalahan yang terjadi dan kemungkinan solusi yang dapat dilakukan dalam penyelesaian masalah tersebut, kemudian dilanjutkan pada tahap studi literatur untuk mendukung penyelesaian masalah. Peneliti kemudian melakukan pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder yang kemudian akan dianalisa melalui pendekatan SWOT untuk menyusun strategi pemasaran digital serta melihat kelemahan atau ancaman yang dihadapi, dan mampu mengatasinya dengan menggunakan cara alternatif dari hasil matriks SWOT, kemudian tahap terakhir peneliti menyimpulkan hasil analisis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 294,
"width": 132,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 317,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Strategi Digital Marketing",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 329,
"width": 215,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penggunaan media sosial pemilik CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata awalnya hanya menggunakan platform Facebook untuk memasarkan produk, penggunaan Facebook ini dari tahun 2012 awal dibukanya CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata untuk media sosial Instagram dan Website berawal di tahun 2021. Sebelumnya Website sudah ada dari awal dibukanya CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata namun tiga tahun berjalan, Website tidak berjalan dengan baik karena tidak ada pembaharuan jadinya kurang peminat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 444,
"width": 215,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setelah penerapan media sosial pada tahun 2021 peneliti memberikan saran untuk pembuatan media sosial berbasis bisnis, dengan tujuan untuk mempermudah melihat pengujung yang mengikuti ataupun hanya mampir di akun media sosial CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata. Hasil dari penerapan media sosial media dengan pembaharuan ke mode akun bisnis memberikan sedikit perubahan pada akun CV.Sinar Mas Jaya Permata, adanya interaksi antara pembeli dan penjual secara online , karena sekilas tertarik dengan produk yang ditampilkan di media sosial. Begitu pula saat membuka stand di Art Center banyak pembeli yang ingin melihat poto produk lainnya kami bisa memperlihatkan melalui media sosial CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata. Pemesanan melalui aplikasi WhatApps juga ada sedikit peningkatan dan pembeli meminta pengiriman melalui kurir online atau ojek online .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 651,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini merumuskan faktor yang berkaitan dengan pemasaran CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata dari sisi internal maupun eksternal dengan menentu yaitu kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 720,
"width": 88,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Faktor Internal",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 732,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kekuatan (Strength)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 743,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata memiliki toko dan stand di pameran Art Center, karena dengan adanya stand di pameran Art Center ini",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pemasaran batu permata lebih menguntungkan karena tidak hanya pengunjung dari daerah badung saja melainkan dari luar kabupaten atau luar provinsi berkunjung ke stand yang ada di pameran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 145,
"width": 215,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Memiliki produk seni yang menarik bagi pengemar koleksi batu permata, produk seni ini berupa ukiran batu permata yang terbentuk secara alami dan wisatawan asing yang berkujung ke Bali juga tertarik untuk membeli batu permata tidak jarang mampir ke toko CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 225,
"width": 215,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Memiliki media sosial sebagai media promosi online dan memberikan informasi kepada pengikut maupun pengguna media sosial tentang produk yang di CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 271,
"width": 215,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Memberikan pelayanan kepada pelanggan berupa garansi, pemilik toko menggunakan strategi ini guna pembeli yang pernah membeli salah satu produk di toko jadi merasa ingin kembali membeli. Garansi ini berupa cincin atau permata yang ingin tukar tambah atau diperbaiki namun dengan potongan 10% setiap perbaikan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 363,
"width": 102,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kelemahan (Weakness)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 375,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Pegawai kurang memahami cara menggunakan digital marketing untuk memaksimalkan konten sosial media.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 409,
"width": 215,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Engagement pada Website dan Facebook masih rendah, dari hasil data insight didapat masih belum maksimal dalam interaksi di Facebook dan Website",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 455,
"width": 215,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Upaya beriklan di media sosial masih kurang, ini dikarenakan pemilik masih tahap pemula dalam beriklan melalui online , jadi masih belum maksimal penggunaan iklannya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 513,
"width": 94,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Faktor Eksternal Peluang (Opportunity)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 536,
"width": 215,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Adanya pemasaran melalui media sosial yang menjangkau orang lebih banyak, fitur yang terdapat di media sosial sangat bisa digunakan untuk menjangkau pengunjung lebih banyak seperti upload video di reel saja sudah bisa di tonton 100 (seratus) ribu hingga 1 juta akun, Instagram Reel ini sebagai peluang CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata mendapatkan banyak pengunjung.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 640,
"width": 215,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Mengikuti pameran di mall dan Art Center, ini salah satu peluang yang sudah lama sampai saat ini masih menjadi sumber pendapatan CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata karena lebih banyak pengunjung yang mampir ke stand yang ada di mall maupun di Art Center Denpasar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 709,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Adanya reseller di beberapa kabupaten di wilayan Bali, CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata juga memiliki reseller yang mengambil produk batu permata untuk di produksi atau dijual kembali, reseller ada di beberapa kabupaten yaitu",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 213,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JINTEKS (Jurnal Informatika Teknologi dan Sains)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 435,
"top": 38,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN 2686-3359 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 179,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 1, Februari 2023, hlm. 127 – 132",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 809,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "131",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Klungkung, Karangasem, Tabanan dan Jembrana.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 110,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Berkerjasama dengan pemerintah daerah dengan mengikuti acara seperti pelatihan, selain mendapatkan ilmu sertifikat dalam pelatihan ini dapat sekaligus memperkenalkan produk CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 179,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ancaman (Threat)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 191,
"width": 215,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Kenaikan harga bahan seperti emas, karena adanya pasang surut harga pembuatan cangkok yang berbahan emas ini bisa menjadi kendala proses pembuatan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 237,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Adanya persaingan dengan penjual yang lain yang sudah berkembang dengan strategi yang cepat mendapatkan keuntungan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 271,
"width": 215,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Persaingan melalui media digital yang sangat pesat, ini menjadi ancaman karena dari observasi dan data sosial media CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata belum maksimal",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 317,
"width": 215,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Persaingan melalui iklan penjual lainnya telah menerapkan iklan online secara berkala",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 352,
"width": 215,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan identifikasi melalui faktor Internal dan faktor Eksternal, proses berikutnya merupakan penyusunan strategi melalui matriks SWOT yang merupakan strategi yang akan digunakan untuk mencapai target dari perusahaan. Hasil perumusan SWOT ini dapat digunakan CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata sebagai bahan pemecahan masalah, meningkatkan pemasaran dan memanfaatkan peluang dari digital marketing. Perumusan strategi akan di analisa berdasarkan empat kategori, yaitu kategori SO ( Strength Opportunity ), kategori WO ( Weakness Opportunity ), kategori ST ( Strength Threat ), kategori WT ( Weakness Threat ). Gambaran perumusan kategori SWOT dapat dijabarkan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 524,
"width": 163,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Perumusan Strategi SO (Strength Opportunity)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 547,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Dengan adanya stand di pameran dapat mengimbangi dengan mengupload potingan di sosial media untuk memberitahu kepada pengikut bahwa toko buka dan adanya informasi terupdate melalui sosial media.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 605,
"width": 218,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Sosial media memiliki jangkauan yang luas dapat memasarkan produk batu permata kepada target yang diinginkan seperti penggemar batu permata dan wisatawan yang meminati barang yang unik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 663,
"width": 215,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil analisis mendapatkan peluang dari kekuatan yang ada dan memecahkan masalah, seperti adanya stand di pameran dapat mengimbangi dengan mengupload postingan di sosial media untuk memberitahu kepada pengikut, hal menjadi peluang yang terbilang dapat memasarkan toko dan memberikan informasi kepada orang yang mengikuti sosial media CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 87,
"width": 173,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Perumusan Strategi WO (Weakness",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 99,
"width": 56,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Opportunity)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 110,
"width": 215,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Pemerintah Bali saat ini sedang gencar meningkatkan perekonomian secara digital dengan berbagai cara termasuk memberikan pelatihan mengenai penjual melalui media digital maka dari itu salah satu upaya untuk mempelajari cara menerapkan digital marketing .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 179,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Dalam meningkatkan interaksi dengan pengikut di sosial media, pengguna perlu melakukan pendekatan melalui konten yang bersifat mengenal tentang produk yang diperjualkan dan konten yang lebih menarik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 248,
"width": 215,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan memanfaatkan peluang mendapatkan solusi untuk mengatasi kelemahan pegawai yang masih kurang dalam memasarkan secara digital, dapat mengikuti pelatihan yang diadakan pemerintah secara gratis serta juga menjadi peluang meningkatkan interaksi dengan pengikut di sosial media, pemilik perlu melakukan pendekatan melalui konten yang bersifat memperkenalkan tentang produk yang diperjualkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 363,
"width": 200,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Perumusan Strategi ST (Strengths Threat)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 386,
"width": 215,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam berbisnis pasti memiliki pesaing walau begitu setiap penjual juga memiliki strategi untuk mempertahankan penjualan, strategi yang bisa dilakukan seperti halnya dengan CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata memproduksi produk yang memiliki unsur seni yang membuat beda dengan penjual yang lainya. Memaksimalkan kekuatan yang dimiliki sehingga mampu bersaing walaupun adanya ancaman. Strategi yang bisa dilakukan seperti halnya dengan CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata memproduksi produk yang memiliki unsur seni yang membuat beda dengan penjual yang lainya, produk seni yang dimaksud berupa adanya desain baru pada cangkok cincin atau desain sesuai permintaan pelanggan itu sendiri, ini membuat para pelanggan percaya untuk membuat perhiasan mereka di CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 582,
"width": 206,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Perumusan Strategi WT (Weakness Threat)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 605,
"width": 216,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Walaupun memiliki kelemahan dalam memasarkan secara digital, tetapi memasang iklan bisa dengan harga yang lebih terjangkau terlebih dahulu namun sesuai dengan target pengunjung yang diinginkan dengan demikian toko tidak terlalu tertinggal dengan pemasaran media online . Mencari solusi untuk kelemahan supaya tidak menjadi ancaman. Salah satunya memasarkan secara digital, memasang iklan bisa dengan harga yang lebih terjangkau terlebih dahulu namun sesuai dengan target pengunjung yang diinginkan dengan demikian toko tidak terlalu tertinggal dengan pemasaran media online dari harga yang terjangkau, ini dilihat hasilnya jika menjangkau banyak pengunjung maka biaya iklan bisa ditambahkan lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 213,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JINTEKS (Jurnal Informatika Teknologi dan Sains)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 435,
"top": 38,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN 2686-3359 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 179,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 1, Februari 2023, hlm. 127 – 132",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 809,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "132",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 215,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan pembahasan perumusan strategi pemasaran digital menggunakan analisis SWOT, maka CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata dapat memanfaatkan peluang dari pengunaan digital marketing , dengan menyeimbangkan strategi yang telah diterapkan sebelumnya, pemasaran digital di CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata dapat lebih jelas untuk mengetahui kelemahan atau ancaman yang dihadapi, dan mampu mengatasinya dengan menggunakan cara alternatif dari hasil analisa SWOT.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 214,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 225,
"width": 218,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Media sosial dan Website menjadi strategi digital marketing CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata penerapan selama melakukan observasi, jadi lebih banyak yang mengetahui CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata, dapat diketahui dari hasil data insight pengunjung Instagram kurang lebih lima ribu akun yang dijangkau, Fanspage kurang lebih seribu akun yang dijangkau. Matriks SWOT untuk merumuskan strategi yang akan digunakan untuk penerapan digital marketing pada pemasaran batu permata. Hasil perumusan SWOT ini dapat digunakan CV. Sinar Mas Jaya Permata sebagai bahan pemecahan masalah, meningkatkan pemasaran dan memanfaatkan kombinasi dari kekuatan dengan peluang, kekuatan dengan ancaman, kelemahan dengan peluang dan kelemahan dengan ancaman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 432,
"width": 95,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 454,
"width": 215,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1] G. A. Philip Kotler, Lokasi_ Prinsip-prinsip pemasaran , 12th ed. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2008.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 485,
"width": 215,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[2] R. Setyowati, “Strategi Pemasaran Melalui Digital Marketing Pada PT. Vitapharm,” Mini Riset, Univ. Islam Indones. , pp. 1–19,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 521,
"width": 215,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2020, [ Online ]. Available: https://dspace.uii.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123 456789/28279/17211058 Riza Setyowati.pdf?sequence=1 [3] Y. Sudaryo and N. A. Sofiati, Digital Marketing dan Fintech di Indonesia . Yogyakarta: ANDI.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 622,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[4] G. F. K. Marshall Sponder, Digital Analytics for Marketing . New York: Taylor & Francis, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 664,
"width": 215,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[5] A. Rizaldi and H. Hidayat, “Digital Marketing Communication Strategy,” J. Entrep. dan Entrep. , vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 57–66, 2020, doi: 10.37715/jee.v9i2.1340.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 723,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[6] S. Lavianto, MILLENIAL WAJIB KAYA (Omset Ratusan Juta Saat Krisis) . Denpasar: Lakeisha, 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 767,
"width": 215,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[7] S. D. M. P. A. A. N. T. 2021. Wildan,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 87,
"width": 184,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhammad[1] M. Wildan, Strategi Digital Marketing PT. Al Andalus Nusantara Travel .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 111,
"width": 25,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2021.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 130,
"width": 216,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[8] A. J. B. Siqueira et al. , “Perencanaan Strategi Digital Pengelolaan SI/TI di PT. Nusa Ina Leisure Indonesia Specialist,” J. Chem. Inf.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 167,
"width": 181,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Model. , vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1689–1699, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 186,
"width": 216,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[9] N. Hidayah, “Analisis Strategi Digital Marketing Dalam Membantu Penjualan Living Space Dan Efo Store,” Marketing , p. 149, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 242,
"width": 215,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[10] Andi Gunawan Chakti, “THE BOOK OF DIGITAL MARKETING:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 255,
"width": 31,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BUKU",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 265,
"width": 183,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PEMASARAN DIGITAL,” Celebes Media Perkasa . Celebes Media Perkasa, Makasar, p. 11, 2019. [ Online ]. Available: https://books.google.co.id/books?id=OQzB DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id& source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onep age&q&f=false",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 355,
"width": 215,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[11] H. Wijaya and H. Sirine, “Strategi Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning Serta Strategi Harga Pada Perusahaan Kecap Blekok Di Cilacap,” Ajie , vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 175–190, 2016, doi: 10.20885/ajie.vol1.iss3.art2. [12] Fabiana Meijon Fadul, “PENGARUH WORK-LIFE BALANCE DAN DUKUNGAN ORGANSASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI PERUSAHAAN SWASTA KALIMANTAN TIMUR,” Pros. 2nd Semin. Nas. Ilmu",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 506,
"width": 59,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manaj. , 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 525,
"width": 215,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[13] F. Rangkuti, “Analisis SWOT teknik membedah kasus bisnis.” PT. Gramedia Putaka Utama, Jakarta, 2006. [ Online ]. Available:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 573,
"width": 175,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://books.google.co.id/books?id=UHV8",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 584,
"width": 177,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Z2SE57EC&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v= onepage&q&f=false",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 615,
"width": 215,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[14] M. A. Salim and A. B. Siswanto, “Analisis SWOT Dengan Metode Kuesioner,” Pilar Nusantara , no. June. CV. Pilar Nusantara, Jawa Tengah, p. 81, 2019. [ Online ]. Available: https://books.google.co.id/books?id=nctkzg EACAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs _ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=f alse",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 731,
"width": 216,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[15] A. I. Hasna Wijayanti, Panduan analisis swot untuk kesuksesan bisnis : jangan buat strategi bisnis sebelum baca buku ini , I. Yogyakarta: Quadrant, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
bb6d6cb0-95e3-e5ce-7fab-14ec394e1517 | http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/economia/article/download/1225/1039 | [
{
"left": 217,
"top": 36,
"width": 320,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menciptakan Organisasi yang Kreatif – Bambang Guritno & Wahyu Purhantara",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 520,
"top": 799,
"width": 18,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "153",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 85,
"width": 234,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "MENCIPTAKAN ORGANISASI YANG KREATIF",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 116,
"width": 95,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wahyu Purhantara",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 240,
"top": 131,
"width": 132,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "STIE Mitra Indonesia Yogyakarta [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 180,
"width": 381,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract: Developing a Creative Organization. Creativity has an important meaning in organization system. In response to the always changing condition, creative steps are always taken by company/organization, such as the improvement/innovation in surveillance method, production, innovation regarding layout of offices and factories in order to be more efficient, new marketing ideas, new products creativity, or just innovating existing products, and so forth. In developing creativity organizations desperately need people who are capable of creative and analytical thinking. Creative thinking is necessary for the organization in the inception stage of each idea. When the ideas are to be implemented, organizations need peoples who have capacities of analytical thinking.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 328,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: organization, creativity",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 354,
"width": 380,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak: Menciptakan Organisasi yang Kreatif. Kreativitas memiliki arti penting dalam sistem organisasi. Dalam menyikapi keadaan yang berubah-ubah, langkah- langkah kreatif selalu diambil oleh perusahaan/organisasi, seperti pengembangan/ inovasi metode pengawasan, produksi, inovasi mengenai tata letak kantor dan pabrik agar lebih efisien, ide pemasaran, berkreasi dengan produk baru, atau hanya berinovasi dengan produk yang sudah ada, dan sebagainya. Dalam mengembangkan kreativitas, organisasi sangat membutuhkan orang-orang yang memiliki kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan analitis. Ketika ide-ide akan diejawantahkan, organisasi membutuhkan orang-orang yang memiliki kemampuan berpikir analitis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 507,
"width": 148,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci: organisasi, kreativitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 547,
"width": 219,
"height": 226,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendahuluan Menurut Peter Drucker, dalam memimpin suatu organisasi, seorang manajer tidak hanya melakukan pekerjaan- pekerjaan administratif atau pengambilan keputusan ( decision making ) saja, tetapi ia harus melakukan pekerjaan yang sifatnya lebih kreatif. Seorang manajer tidak cukup hanya melaksanakan suatu pekerjaan yang sudah merupakan kegiatan rutin seperti yang pernah ia lakukan pada pekerjaan- pekerjaan sebelumnya. Apabila ia melakukan ini, maka kemungkinan besar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 547,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "organisasinya akan berubah menjadi statis, sehingga pada akhirnya organisasi tersebut akan mengalami kemunduran atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 600,
"width": 219,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "penurunan, terutama sekali apabila organisasi itu berada dalam suatu lingkungan usaha yang bersifat kompetitif. Oleh karena itu dapat juga dikatakan bahwa seorang manajer adalah juga seorang creator dan sekaligus sebagai inovator.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 705,
"width": 219,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Atas dasar hal tersebut, sudah sepantasnya apabila kreativitas dan inovasi juga dimasukkan dalam salah satu bagian manajemen. Bagian ini secara substansi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 36,
"width": 264,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Economia , Volume 8, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "154",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 396,
"width": 219,
"height": 261,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "merupakan penciptaan dan pengembangan cara-cara baru dan lebih baik dalam mengerjakan suatu kegiatan guna mencapai tujuan dengan efektif dan efisien. Seorang manajer mungkin dapat menggali ide-ide baru dari dirinya sendiri atau dapat pula mengkombinasikan ide lama dengan ide-ide baru, atau menyesuaikan ide-ide dari bidang lain untuk kemudian digunakan dalam bidangnya sendiri. Namun tidak menutup kemungkinan dia dapat juga bertindak sebagai katalisator dan stimulator bagi orang lain (anggota dalam organisasi) untuk mengembangkan dan melakukan kreativitas dan inovasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 659,
"width": 218,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kreativitas merupakan kemampuan untuk mengembangkan ide-ide baru dan menemukan cara-cara baru untuk memandang masalah menjadi peluang. Inovasi merupakan kemampuan utk menerapkan solusi-solusi kreatif terhadap masalah dan peluang guna menumbuhkan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 396,
"width": 219,
"height": 331,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "usaha. Kreativitas dan inovasi memang membutuhkan dana yang tidak sedikit, maka organisasi perlu menginvestasikan dananya untuk keperluan ini. Hal ini dipergunakan untuk timbulnya suatu ‘’keadaan yang mendorong kreativitas’’, yaitu tidak hanya dalam bagian penelitian dan pengembangan saja tetapi juga dalam keseluruhan manajemen organisasinya. Langkah-langkah perubahan terus meningkat dengan cepat, dalam bidang teknologi, dalam standar produk, dan juga dalam persaingan. Semua ini telah menimbulkan perhatian yang lebih besar di dalam organisasi-organisasi mengenai pentingnya kreativitas dan inovasi. Apakah Kreativitas itu? Dalam berbagai kajian, kreativitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 730,
"width": 219,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(demikian pula halnya dengan inovasi) memiliki peran yang sangat sentral dalam kewirausahaan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 765,
"width": 116,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maksudnya adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 158,
"top": 357,
"width": 257,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Peran Organisasi yang Kreatif dan Inovatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 202,
"top": 97,
"width": 184,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SUSTAINABLE OF ORGANIZATION",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 219,
"top": 151,
"width": 147,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 189,
"width": 240,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis Lingkungan Lingkungan ORGANISASI YANG KONDUSIF ORGANISASI YANG KREATIF & INOVATIF Analisis Persaingan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 36,
"width": 320,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menciptakan Organisasi yang Kreatif – Bambang Guritno & Wahyu Purhantara",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 520,
"top": 799,
"width": 18,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "155",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 85,
"width": 219,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "semangat dan jiwa kewirausahaan hanya akan tumbuh dan berkembang manakala kreativitas dan inovasi dimiliki oleh seorang wirausahawan. Wirausahawan yang berhasil adalah seseorang yang mampu mengembangkan gagasan dan mampu mengimplementasikannya ke dalam bentuk pola-pola pekerjaan yang lebih menguntungkan dan memberikan kepuasan kepada semua pihak. Artinya gagasan cerdas ini semata-mata bukan hanya untuk memberikan kepuasan kepada dirinya selaku pribadi, namun lebih ditonjolkan bagi kemakmuran bersama (kemaslahatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 331,
"width": 42,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ummat).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 348,
"width": 219,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jika dikaitkan dengan Organizational Development , peran sentral kreativitas merupakan suatu kemauan kuat organisasi untuk mengadakan atau menciptakan sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan daya saing dan keberlangsungan hidup organisasi ( competitive power and sustainable organization ), seperti:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 489,
"width": 218,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Cara-cara baru untuk pengambilan keputusan yang lebih efektif,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 524,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Menciptakan proses layanan konsumen yang serba cepat, benar, dan akurat dengan basis sistem informasi,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 577,
"width": 218,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Tehnik memberikan kepuasan kepada pelanggan yang berkelanjutan,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 612,
"width": 219,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Cara-cara baru di dalam mengambil keputusan investasi yang lebih menguntungkan kepada stakeholders, 5. Pengembangan struktur organisasi yang lebih adaptif terhadap perubahan lingkungan,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 718,
"width": 218,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Pengembangan budaya organisasi yang berbasis pada nilai kewirausahaan,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 85,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Menciptakan cara-cara baru guna mencapai tujuan organisasi yang lebih efisien dan efektif,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 137,
"width": 82,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8. Dan lain-lain.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 155,
"width": 219,
"height": 402,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan demikian, apa itu kreativitas? Kreativitas memegang peranan yang sangat sentral di dalam upaya-upaya baik individu maupun organisasi di dalam mengoptimalkan potensi dirinya untuk mengefektifkan kinerjanya dalam rangka memberikan kepuasan kepada semua stakeholders. Upaya ini diterjemahkan sebagai upaya untuk mencari cara-cara baru di dalam mencari solusi atas problem yang terjadi, baik yang bersumber dari optimalisasi potensi dari dalam ( inner power ) maupun dikarenakan oleh tekanan dari faktor ekternal organisasi. Menurut Zimmerer dan Scrborough (2006), kreativitas merupakan kemampuan untuk mengembangkan gagasan baru dan untuk menemukan cara-cara baru dalam melihat masalah dan peluang. Sementara itu menurut kamus Webster, creativity is the ability to bring something new into existence . Menurut A. Roe (1963), syarat seseorang disebut kreatif apabila:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 559,
"width": 218,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Terbuka terhadap pengalaman",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 577,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(openness to experience)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 595,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Pengamatan melihat cara biasa yang biasa dilakukan (observance seeing things in unusual ways).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 647,
"width": 142,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Keingintahuan (curiosity) .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 665,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Menerima dan merekonsiliasi lawan yang tampak (accepting and reconciling apparent opposites).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 36,
"width": 264,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Economia , Volume 8, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "156",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 313,
"width": 218,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Toleransi terhadap ambiguitas (tolerance of ambiguity).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 348,
"width": 219,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Kemandirian dalam penilaian, pikiran,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 366,
"width": 200,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan tindakan (independence in judgment, thought and action).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 401,
"width": 218,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Memerlukan dan menerima otonomi (needing and assuming autonomy).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 436,
"width": 218,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8. Percaya diri dan berani mengambil risiko (self reliance and risk taking).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 471,
"width": 219,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9. Tidak sedang tunduk kepada pengawasan kelompok (not being subject to group standards and control).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 524,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10. Kesediaan untuk mengambil risiko yang diperhitungkan (willingness to take calculated risks).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 577,
"width": 212,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "11. Ketekunan ( persistence) (Frinces, 2004).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 595,
"width": 218,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kreativitas sangat memiliki peranan sentral di dalam kewirausahaan, karena kreativitas akan mendukung daya cipta dan daya saing suatu usaha. Kreativitas berasal dari arahan dalam diri ( inner-direct ), sehingga sangat mungkin tidak memberikan atau tidak berfokus pada lingkungan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 718,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ernest Dale dalam bukunya Management Theory and Practice , dalam Koonttz, O’Donnell, & Weihrich, (1980),",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 313,
"width": 219,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "disebutkan beberapa proses kreativitas yang dapat dilakukan oleh seorang manajer untuk mengembangkan suatu kreativitas yang ada di dalam organisasinya. Proses kreativitas tersebut adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 401,
"width": 219,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Menggali kreativitas yang tersembunyi (kreativitas laten yang dianggap dimiliki oleh setiap orang dengan kadar yang berbeda-beda.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 471,
"width": 219,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Mengidentifikasikan orang-orang yang secara alamiah mempunyai kreativitas yang tinggi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 524,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Mengembangkan dan menciptakan suatu suasana yang dapat lebih mendorong timbulnya kreativitas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 595,
"width": 183,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menggali Kreativitas Organisasi yang Tersembunyi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 630,
"width": 219,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sejumlah teknik telah dikembangkan untuk menggali kreativitas dari orang-orang biasa. Pada dasarnya hal ini merupakan teknik yang memungkinkan mereka untuk membebaskan diri dari kebiasaan berfikir lama yang menutup perhatian terhadap sejumlah besar ide baru. Sebagai seorang ekonom, Lord Keynes pernah menegaskan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 281,
"width": 417,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 2. Peran Kreativitas bagi Pertumbuhan dan Penciptaan Daya Saing Organisasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 36,
"width": 320,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menciptakan Organisasi yang Kreatif – Bambang Guritno & Wahyu Purhantara",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 520,
"top": 799,
"width": 18,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "157",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 85,
"width": 219,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "bahwa ide-ide (pemikiran) lama yang tumbuh dan berkembang bersama-sama dengan kita akan ‘’bercabang ke setiap sudut pemikiran kita’’ (Koonttz, O’Donnell, & Weihrich, 1980)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 173,
"width": 219,
"height": 419,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu teknik untuk menggali kreativitas yang tersembunyi adalah pertama , teknik sumbang saran ( brainstorming ). Sumbang saran adalah proses interaksi antara sekelompok kecil orang dengan struktur sangat kecil yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan gagasan- gagasan baru dan inovatif dalam jumlah besar (Zimmerer dan Scarborough, 2006). Dalam suatu organisasi dibentuk beberapa kelompok kecil, yang anggota-anggotanya didorong untuk mengusulkan ide-ide baru mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan organisasi tersebut, dengan tidak peduli bagaimana ide-ide tersebut pada saat pertamanya kelihatan seperti dibuat-buat atau tidak praktis. Dan evaluasi dari usulan- usulan tersebut hanya dimulai apabila telah didapatkan sejumlah besar ide-ide dari anggota kelompok tersebut. Menurut Zimmerer dan Scarborough (2006), brainstorming bertujuan untuk menciptakan atmosfer yang terbuka dan tidak terhambat agar anggota kelompok leluasa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 595,
"width": 133,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengeluarkan gagasannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 612,
"width": 219,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut George R. Terry dalam bukunya Principles of Management dalam Koonttz, O’Donnell, & Weihrich, (1980) mengatakan bahwa sudah menjadi suatu pendapat umum bahwa interaksi-interaksi yang terjadi dalam suatu kelompok ( group interactions ) dapat menghasilkan ide-ide yang lebih banyak dan lebih baik, karena setiap anggota kelompok tersebut dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 85,
"width": 219,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menstimulasi (memberi rangsangan) pada anggota lain. Dan dengan adanya pertanyaan–pertanyaan dan saran-saran dapat memfokuskan perhatian anggota- anggota kelompok tersebut pada proses kreativitas, dan dapat membuat seseorang sadar bahwa ada suatu ide yang harus mereka temukan dan dicoba. Kebanyakan ide-ide tersebut bukan berasal dari seorang genius, melainkan dari suatu kerja yang lama dan berat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 278,
"width": 219,
"height": 314,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik kedua adalah forced association , yang menekankan pada uasha untuk melakukan penggabungan dari kerangka- kerangka acuan yang berbeda, yang menurut Koestler diidentifikasikan sebagai sumber kreativitas murni. Langkah pertama dalam teknik ini adalah menuliskan kata- kata yang berhubungan dengan masalah yang sedang dihadapi. Kemudian menyusun suatu daftar yang sama tentang kata-kata yang berhubungan dengan bidang yang berbeda sekali dengan bidang masalah yang dihadapi tersebut. Dan anggota-anggota dari suatu kelompok kemudian berusaha keras untuk melihat apakah hubungan kata- kata dari daftar pertama dengan daftar kedua akan menghasilkan suatu ide baru yang berguna atau tidak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 595,
"width": 219,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebagai contoh, sebuah pabrik barang pecah-belah sedang menghadapi masalah untuk mencari suatu bentuk produk baru. Pertama kali dibuat suatu daftar yang memuat semua kata yang berhubungan dengan gelas; misalnya gelas minum, kaca hias, botol, kaca jendela, dan sebagainya. Juga dibuat daftar kedua yang mungkin berisikan kata-kata yang berhubungan dengan permainan-permainan. Dari kedua",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 36,
"width": 264,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Economia , Volume 8, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "158",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 79,
"width": 219,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "daftar ini kemudian dilihat hubungan antara satu dengan yang lainnya, yang ternyata memungkinkan dapat dikembangkan suatu ide untuk menghasilkan gelas minum yang dapat digunakan dalam permainan baru. Atau jika daftar permainan tidak menghasilkan suatu ide yang berharga, maka dapat pula dikembangkan daftar ketiga yang berisikan kata-kata yang berhubungan dengan bidang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 255,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik ketiga adalah morphological analysis , yang mengidentifikasi, menyusun daftar,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 290,
"width": 218,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menghitung, dan membuat parameter kumpulan seluruh perlengkapan yang mungkin untuk mencapai suatu kemampuan fungsional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 360,
"width": 219,
"height": 420,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jika hal ini menyangkut masalah teknis, maka teknik ini akan merupakan suatu tugas yang rumit, tetapi apabila berhubungan dengan masalah manajemen, maka teknik akan menjadi lebih sederhana. Misalnya suatu perusahaan mempunyai sumber (resource) berupa jenis plastik baru yang tahan api. Dan masalahnya adalah dari pengembangan bahan bakar tersebut, yaitu akan diproduksi dalam bentuk apa. Langkah pertama yang diambil adalah menggambarkan suatu kubus pada sehelai kertas, yang pada salah satu sudutnya disajikan sumber tersebut, yaitu plastik itu sendiri dalam berbagai macam bentuk yang mungkin dapat diproduksi. Sudut kedua akan ditandai dengan kegunaan-kegunaan yang mungkin dari produk tersebut. Dan sudut ketiga ditandai dengan keuntungan- keuntungan yang berhubungan dengan kegunaannya; misalnya aman, tahan lama, menarik, dan sebagainya. Dari semua hal ini mungkin timbul suatu keputusan, misalnya untuk mengembangkan kegunaan dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 79,
"width": 219,
"height": 244,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "plastik tersebut sebagai penutup dinding dan ruangan. Di sini meskipun biaya pertamanya ( initial cost ) mungkin lebih tinggi daripada kalau menggunakan kertas dinding ( wall paper ) atau cat, tetapi faktor keamanannya mungkin akan menyebabkan orang menggunakannya. Dan dapat pula dipromosikan bahwa biaya pemeliharaan- nya akan lebih rendah karena tidak perlu lagi menggantinya seperti kalau menggunakan kertas dinding atau cat. Kecuali apabila yang bersangkutan memang menginginkan perubahan warna. Dan tentunya masih terdapat sejumlah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 325,
"width": 219,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "penggunaan lain yang dapat dikembangkan, yang mungkin lebih mempunyai potensi dari pada yang sudah diusulkan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 378,
"width": 200,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik keempat yakni rapid prototyping .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 396,
"width": 219,
"height": 384,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik ini lebih mengedepankan proses menciptakan model dari ide yang memungkinkan wirausahawan menemukan kecacatan ide tersebut sehingga perbaikan rancangannya dapat dilakukan (Zimmerer dan Scarborough, 2006). Rapid prototyping mengubah ide menjadi model nyata yang memperlihatkan kecacatan ide aslinya. Teknik ini mengajukan tiga cara di dalam meningkatkan proses kreatif yang lebih dikenal dengan 3R, yaitu Rough (kasar), Rapid (cepat), dan Right (benar). Setiap gagasan dibuatkan suatu model yang masih dalam bentuk kasar dari suatu ide. Model ini secara terus menerus mengalami penyempurnaan secara cepat, dan akhirnya model yang utuh dan benar. Kuncinya di dalam menjalankan 3R adalah sabar dan teliti. Seperti halnya Thomas Edison yang berhasil menciptakan lampu pijar dengan melalui proses percobaan dan penyempurnaan yang ratusan kali.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 36,
"width": 320,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menciptakan Organisasi yang Kreatif – Bambang Guritno & Wahyu Purhantara",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 520,
"top": 799,
"width": 18,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "159",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 85,
"width": 219,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik kelima adalah teknik bionics. Teknik bionics sering dipergunakan untuk menggali kreativitas yang tersembunyi terutama digunakan dalam inovasi teknis. Teknik meneliti tentang bagaimana cara kerja organ-organ makhluk hidup dalam menghasilkan sesuatu, kemudian menerapkan cara kerja tersebut dengan menggunakan peralatan untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 243,
"width": 218,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mendapatkan hasil yang sama. Contohnya,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 261,
"width": 219,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tipe komputer yang baru dengan kemampuan yang lebih besar mungkin dapat dikembangkan dengan mempelajari bagaimana cara bekerjanya otak manusia. Di sini diusahakan untuk mengetahui cara berfikir atau car cara bekerjanya otak manusia yang bekerja secara alami, kemudian hal ini digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mengembangkan suatu tipe komputer baru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 436,
"width": 218,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik keenam yaitu mind mapping yaitu teknik grafis yang mendorong pemikiran kedua sisi otak manusia yang secara visual memperagakan berbagai macam hubungan di antara gagasan, dan meningkatkan kemampuan untuk memandang masalah dari berbagai sisi (Zimmerer dan Scarborough, 2006).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 595,
"width": 190,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mengidentifikasi Orang yang Memiliki Kreativitas Tinggi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 630,
"width": 219,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perusahaan-perusahaan sangat tertarik di dalam mengidentifikasi atau mengenali calon-calon karyawan yang secara alami memang mempunyai kreativitas tinggi untuk kemudian ditempatkan dalam bagian penelitian mereka, karena dirasakan mahalnya biaya kalau harus menggaji sejumlah besar doktor dan perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 85,
"width": 219,
"height": 296,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengharapkan bahwa hukum probabilitas akan menjamin bahwa sekurang-kurangnya beberapa dari mereka akan menghasilkan suatu penemuan yang penting. Seorang editor dari Science pernah mengamati: “Apabila kita menambah doktor, apakah hal ini akan menambah atau justru mengurangi probablitas untuk membantu perkembangan …orang-orang jenius? saya menduga bahwa pengembangan kualitas ilmu pengetahuan akhir-akhir ini telah menipis. Peralatan-peralatan penelitian yang digunakan oleh para doktor biasanya hebat; dan sering ide yang dikandung tidak mendalam, lalu bagaimana seseorang dapat mengidentifikasi seorang ilmuwan yang kreatif?”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 384,
"width": 219,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terdapat suatu kesepakatan umum bahwa tingkat intelegensia yang tinggi merupakan suatu prasyarat, meskipun calon yang mempunyai intelegensi tinggi belum tentu merupakan orang yang paling kreatif apabila intelegensi diartikan sebagai kualitas yang diukur dengan tes intelegensi. Adakalanya seorang ilmuwan yang kreatif mungkin tidak dapat dengan baik mengerjakan bagian dari tes yang dirancang untuk mengukur kemampuan verbal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 577,
"width": 219,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terdapat suatu kesepakatan umum bahwa orang yang kreatif cenderung untuk bersikap tidak mau menuruti norma-norma atau kebiasaan yang ada (non-conformist ), tetapi tentunya tidak semua orang yang tidak mematuhi aturan-aturan adalah orang yang kreatif. Di beberapa perusahaan internasional, seperti Toyota Corp, Dells Corp, Hp Corp, Samsung, Sumitomo Corp, dan lain-lain pernah dilakukan suatu percobaan telah dibuat untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 36,
"width": 264,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Economia , Volume 8, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "160",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 79,
"width": 219,
"height": 226,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengembangkan tes untuk kreativitas dan juga untuk membandingkan jawaban yang diberikan oleh orang-orang yang dianggap tidak kreatif. Contohnya dalam suatu kelompok, anggota-anggotanya dimintakan untuk memecahkan suatu masalah yang kompleks. Ternyata orang yang lebih kreatif cenderung untuk menanyakan pertanyaan- pertanyaan yang lebih banyak mengenai masalah tersebut, sedangkan mereka yang kurang kreatif cenderung untuk menanyakan pertanyaan yang memungkin- kan mereka untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 290,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengumpulkan informasi-informasi yang sudah mereka miliki.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 343,
"width": 219,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bagaimana tampak bahwa kreativitas tidak dapat dinilai berdasarkan tes psikologi. Lebih baik hal itu dinilai dengan prestasi pada masa-masa sebelumnya, sampai pada tingkat sudah didapatkannya fakta-fakta dan berdasarkan dengan orang yang memahami bidang yang menjadi keahlian ilmuwan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 501,
"width": 166,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menciptakan suasana yang Tepat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 519,
"width": 219,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Faktor yang terpenting dalam kreativitas ini adalah bagaimana mengembangkan suatu suasana atau keadaan yang kreativitasnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 571,
"width": 129,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dapat tumbuh dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 589,
"width": 219,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berkembang dengan subur dan perusahaan tidak menolak ide-ide baru yang muncul. Suasana yang tepat tidak hanya merangsang setiap orang untuk menggunakan apa pun kreativitas yang dimilikinya. Dalam hal ini juga mempermudah untuk menggaji orang- orang yang secara alami mempunyai kreativitas yang lebih tinggi dari pada orang lain, bagi mereka yang benar-benar kreatif akan ditempatkan pada suatu pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan bakatnya. Tetapi ada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 79,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kalanya ide-ide baru tersebut ditolak, yaitu apabila dalam organisasi tersebut terdapat suatu birokrasi yang terlalu tebal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 149,
"width": 143,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Proses Kreativitas Organisasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 167,
"width": 219,
"height": 578,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Di banyak organisasi, terutama pada organisasi atau perusahaan besar dan progresif seperti Toyota Corp, Dells Corp, Hp Corp, Samsung, Sumitomo Corp, dan lain- lain, telah melaksanakan kreativitas organisasi guna percobaan-percobaan untuk langkah operasional. Ada beberapa alasan mengapa organisasi ini menerapkan aspek kreativitas bagi pengembangan dan perubahan organisasinya. Suatu organisasi yang tidak mampu berubah, dapat dipastikan bahwa organisasi ini akan “mati.” Di lain pihak, organisasi yang terlampau cepat berubah atau hanya berubah demi perubahan itu sendiri, besar kemungkinan pengembangan organisasi yang akan dijalankan menjadi tidak efektif. Proses kreativitas organisasi, menurut Hicks, dimulai dari sebuah ide, dan kemudian ide ini secara otomatis ditransformasi menjadi sebuah kegiatan inovatif. Banyak ide baru diciptakan oleh orang-orang yang tidak memiliki kewenangan dan tanggung jawab dalam tugas organisasi (Jones, 1998). Seharusnya ide-ide dari mereka ini ditampung dan disalurkan melalui saluran struktur yang ada guna perbaikan proses layanan dan proses operasional organisasi. Ide-ide yang ”liar” dan tidak tertampung ini akan berakibat menjadi semacam keluhan dari orang-orang yang memiliki ide tadi. Maka masalah pokok organisasi bukan dikarenakan oleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 747,
"width": 218,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“kemiskinan” kreativitas, tetapi media penampungan dan penyaluran ide agar ide",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 36,
"width": 320,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menciptakan Organisasi yang Kreatif – Bambang Guritno & Wahyu Purhantara",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 520,
"top": 799,
"width": 18,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "161",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 85,
"width": 219,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan gagasan yang datang dari berbagai macam ini dapat diimplementasikan dalam bentuk manfaat praktis. Metode penyediaan tampungan dan penyaluran ide ini harus didukung oleh orang-orang yang memiliki wewenang dan tanggung jawab dalam organisasi. Sesungguhnya, kreativitas itu bukan barang langka, justru yang langka adalah implementasi dari ide itu sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 243,
"width": 218,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ide-ide kreativitas dalam organisasi dapat dievaluasi berdasarkan tiga macam golongan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 296,
"width": 219,
"height": 261,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Apakah organisasi yang bersangkutan dapat menyediakan sumber-sumber daya yang diperlukan guna mengimplementasikan ide yang bersangkutan? Contoh: apabila ide yang ada adalah pengadaan satelit untuk efektivitas informasi dan pemetaan geografis. Walaupun ide ini sepele, namun memiliki nilai manfaat yang besar bagi kegunaan pengawasan keutuhan wilayah. Maka ide ini akan diimplementasikan organisasi dengan didukung oleh sumber pendanaan yang jelas, karena ide ini memerlukan biaya miliaran rupiah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 559,
"width": 219,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Apakah kiranya lingkungan di dalam organisasi yang bersangkutan beroperasi, memungkinkan ide tersebut dapat dilaksanakan? Contoh: apakah seorang rektor dapat memberhentikan atau memecat seorang tenaga pengajar dengan semaunya, mengingat sejumlah kendala yang muncul?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 700,
"width": 218,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Apakah kiranya ide tersebut, apabila ia dimanfaatkan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 718,
"width": 201,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "akan memadai dibandingkan dengan biaya yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 85,
"width": 201,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dikeluarkan untuk implementasi ide itu? Sebagai contoh sekelompok mahasiswa berkeinginan untuk melakukan kuliah kerja lapangan kewirausahaan dengan mengunjungi sejumlah negara di Eropa. Timbul pertanyaan, apakah biaya yang dikeluarkan mahasiswa tidak melebihi nilai kepergiannya ke Eropa tersebut? (Winardi, 2003)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 243,
"width": 219,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun perkembangan sebuah ide, diikuti tiga macam tahapan sebagai berikut: 1. Tahapan kemunculan sebuah ide.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 296,
"width": 201,
"height": 437,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebuah bisnis tipikal akan diawali dari pemikiran seseorang yang memiliki ide tertentu, yang menurut keyakinannya akan menyebabkan timbulnya sebuah produk atau jasa yang akan diminta dan diminati oleh pasar. Dengan sendirinya ide tersebut perlu menawarkan sesuatu yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan apa yang dapat diproduksi dengan biaya yang lebih rendah, dibandingkan dengan produk atau jasa yang telah ada di pasar. Pemikiran kreatif sangat dibutuhkan pada tahapan pemunculan ide semacam itu. Thomas Alva Edison yang memiliki ide kreatif menciptakan lampu pijar. Idenya ini ternyata memiliki rentetan yang sangat panjang, baik dalam pengembangan produk lampu pijar yang beraneka ragam, maupun dalam hal penyediaan sumber tenaga (energi) bagi lampu, mulai dari baterai sampai pembangkit tenaga listrik. Semua lini kreatif Edison sangat bermanfaat bagi organisasi di dalam mengembangkan bisnisnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 735,
"width": 179,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Tahapan pelaksanaan sebuah ide",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 36,
"width": 264,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Economia , Volume 8, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "162",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 240,
"width": 200,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelaksanaan merupakan tahapan kedua dalam pemanfaatan ide-ide dalam organisasi. Ide-ide muncul pada tahapan insepsi, dan mereka",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 292,
"width": 201,
"height": 209,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kemudian dikonversi dalam praktek pada tahapan pelaksanaan. Pada tahapan insepsi, pengembangan pemikiran kreatif sangat mendominasi, sedangkan pada tahapan pelaksanaan ide justru pemikiran analitikal yang lebih memainkan peranannya. Kemunculan kreativitas pada tahapan pelaksanaan justru tidak diinginkan, karena akan menimbulkan kondisi yang tidak terkoordinasi dan akan terjadi pemborosan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 503,
"width": 201,
"height": 226,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada tahapan pelaksanaan, organisasi- organisasi mulai mementingkan delegasi wewenang, struktur organisasi yang bersangkutan, standard-standard kinerja organisasi dan kinerja karyawan, pengawasan biaya, pengawasan mutu dan hal-hal lain yang diperlukan agar pekerjaan dapat dilaksanakan secara efisien. Pemikiran analitikal sangat dibutuhkan pada tataran ini, karena ia akan membantu timbulnya sebuah organisasi di mana pekerjaan banyak orang dapat dikoordinasi secara efisien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 732,
"width": 133,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Pembaruan sebuah ide.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 749,
"width": 201,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebuah produk atau jasa yang berhasil, suatu ketika akan diganti oleh inovasi-",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 240,
"width": 201,
"height": 261,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "inovasi lain. Akan tetapi para manajer analitikal yang perlu melaksanakan pengembangan ide, sering kali tidak berkemampuan dalam hal mengajukan ide-ide bagi pembaruan. Penolakan atau tantangan terhadap ide-ide baru, pada pihak yang bertanggung jawab untuk melaksanakan pengembangan ide, seringkali muncul oleh karena ide-ide baru tersebut akan menggantikan produk atau jasa. Pada hal, produk atau jasa yang baru dapat dilihat dari sisi keunggulannya, baik keunggulan kompetitif maupun keunggulan komparasi (Winardi, 2003).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 521,
"width": 58,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 538,
"width": 219,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kreativitas dan inovasi bagi organisasi adalah sebuah kebutuhan yang sangat fital, karena kreativitas menjadi tulang punggung bagi kelangsungan hidup suatu organisasi. Kreativitas merupakan kemampuan untuk mengembangkan ide-ide baru dan menemukan cara-cara baru untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 662,
"width": 219,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memandang masalah menjadi peluang. Sedang inovasi merupakan kemampuan utk menerapkan solusi-solusi kreatif terhadap masalah dan peluang guna menumbuhkan usaha. Kreativitas dan inovasi memang dua kata yang saling terkait dan saling melengkapi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 111,
"width": 408,
"height": 671,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kreativitas dan inovasi Gambar 3 Tuntutan-tuntutan Pemikiran dalam Organisasi (Winardi, 2003) Pemikiran kreatif (Insepsi Ide)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 99,
"width": 258,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Harus diterapkan melalui Pemikiran analitikal (pelaksanaan ide) Kondisi akhir (inovasi tsb telah dilaksanakan Pembaruan ide",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 36,
"width": 320,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menciptakan Organisasi yang Kreatif – Bambang Guritno & Wahyu Purhantara",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 520,
"top": 799,
"width": 18,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "163",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 85,
"width": 219,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dibutuhkan organisasi untuk perubahan lingkungan yang terus meningkat dengan cepat, dalam bidang teknologi, dalam standar produk, dan juga dalam persaingan. Semua ini telah menimbulkan perhatian yang lebih besar di dalam organisasi- organisasi mengenai pentingnya kreativitas dan inovasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 225,
"width": 219,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk kepentingan itu, maka organisasi perlu menggali kreativitas organisasi yang tersembunyi. Organisasi memiliki orang- orang yang memiliki ketajaman dalam kreativitas dan inovasi. Hanya dikarenakan oleh kondisi yang tertutup, kurang menghargai potensi SDM, tidak dibukanya intrapreneurship (semangat kewirausahaan dalam organisasi). Adapun yang terpenting dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 384,
"width": 219,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kreativitas organisasi adalah bagaimana mengembangkan suatu suasana atau keadaan agar kreativitas organisasi dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan subur. Untuk itu, organisasi perlu: menyediakan wadah bagi orang-orang yang memiliki kreativitas; adanya lingkungan di dalam organisasi yang memungkinkan ide- ide kreatif dapat dilaksanakan; dan adanya kelayakan atas pelaksanaan ide kreatif, baik dari sisi biaya dan kemanfaatannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 595,
"width": 74,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 618,
"width": 219,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Drucker, P.F. (2007) The Practice of",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 636,
"width": 201,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Management, Revised Edition, Chennai, India: Charon Tec. Ltd (A Macmillan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 671,
"width": 50,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Company)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 694,
"width": 219,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Frinces, Z.H. (2004) Kewirausahaan dan Inovasi Bisnis , Yogyakarta: Darussalam",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 736,
"width": 218,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Frinces, Z.H. (2011) Be an Entrepreneurship ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 753,
"width": 114,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 85,
"width": 218,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jones, G.R. (1998) Organizational Theory,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 102,
"width": 200,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Text and Cases . Second Edition. New York: Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Company, Inc.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 161,
"width": 218,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Koonttz, H., O’Donnell, C., & Weihrich, H.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 177,
"width": 200,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(1980) Management , 7 th Ed., Tokyo:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 196,
"width": 218,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "McGraw-Hill, Kogakusha Ltd. Winardi (2003) Entrepreneur & Entrepreneurship. Jakarta: Prenada Media Zimmerer dan Scarborough (2006) Essential of Entrepreneurship and Small",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 314,
"width": 200,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Management, New Jersey: Pearson Education.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
92c4798a-b2ad-35b2-6701-1f06cc32d799 | http://ekonomis.unbari.ac.id/index.php/ojsekonomis/article/download/572/297 | [
{
"left": 65,
"top": 39,
"width": 469,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 6(2), September 2022, 465-475",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 54,
"width": 392,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Publisher: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Batanghari Jambi Address: Jl. Slamet Ryadi, Broni-Jambi Kodepos: 36122 Website: http://ekonomis.unbari.ac.id, email: [email protected] ISSN 2597-8829 (Online), DOI 10.33087/ekonomis.v6i2.572",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "465",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 115,
"width": 506,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 164,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelina Victoria*, Lily Purwianti",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 177,
"width": 311,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Internasional Batam, Kepulauan Riau *Correspondence email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 212,
"width": 527,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak. Penulis melakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serta menganalisa faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi niat beli pada produk skincare di e-commerce . Dalam hal ini, objek penelitian ini adalah generasi Z dengan rentang usia 8-23 tahun di Kota Batam yang mengetahui produk-produk skincare lokal dan memiliki niat beli produk s kincare melalui e-commerce. Variabel independen yang digunakan dalam objek penelitian ini adalah pengaruh sosial, reputasi, nilai harga, familiar dan kualitas informasi. Variabel intervening yang digunakan adalah kepercayaan dan variabel dependen yang digunakan adalah niat beli. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode eksplanatori dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dalam pengumpulan data. Teknik yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah teknik purposive sampling analisa data yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan smart PLS.Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa pentingnya reputasi,familiar dan kualitas informasi bagi perusahaan dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen untuk melakukan niat beli terhadap suatu produk. Semakin bagus reputasi dan kualitas informasi melalui e-commerce yang diberikan suatu perusahaan maka semakin tinggi tingkat kepercayaan konsumen kepada perusahaan, kemudian semakin familiar konsumen terhadap produk perusahaan dan e-commerce yang digunakan perusahaan dalam melakukan transaksi jual beli, maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat kepercayaan konsumen terhadap perusahaan. Apabila kepercayaan tersebut tercipta maka selanjutnya akan memunculkan niat beli dalam diri konsumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 373,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : E-commerce; Generasi Z; Niat Beli; Skincare Lokal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 396,
"width": 526,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract. The author conducted this study with the aim to identify and analyze the factors that influence the purchase intention of skin care products through e-commerce. In this case, the author chose Generation Z in Batam City, aged 8 to 23, as the study's subject since they are familiar with local skin care goods and intend to purchase them via e-commerce.The independent variables used in this research are social influence, reputation, price value, familiarity and information quality. The intervention variable used is trust and the dependent variable used is purchase intention. This study applies an explanatory method with a quantitative approach in data collection. The technique used by the author is the purposive sampling technique. The data in this study was analyzed using smart PLS. According to the findings of this study, a company's reputation, familiarity, and credible information are all key factors in increasing a customer's trust in purchasing a product. The better the reputation and the quality of information offered through e-commerce, the higher the level of consumer trust in the company and the higher the level of consumer familiarity with the company’s product and with the e-commerce used by the company in the transactions process. This will result in the better lever of consumer’s trust in the business. If this trust is established, the customer will be more likely to make a purchase.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 545,
"width": 307,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: E-commerce; Generation Z; Purchase Intention; Local Skincare",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 570,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 582,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan e-commerce di Indonesia saat ini terbilang sangat pesat. Belanja online semakin menjadi saluran preferensi dengan penjualan tumbuh dari tahun ke tahun (Dharmesti et al., 2019). Perkembangan e-commerce saat ini tumbuh semakin pesat dikarenakan banyaknya aktivitas belanja online yang terjadi sejak pandemi (Catriana, 2021). Pada platform e-commerce terjadi lonjakkan penjualan pada produk kecantikan selama masa pandemi covid-19 dan paling utama disaat hari belanja online seperti contohnya 10.10 bahkan jumlah pembelian produk kecantikan lokal meningkat hingga 10 kali lipat. Produk kecantikan lokal tersebut menjadi produk kategori pertama yang paling banyak dicari masyarakat (Ihsan, 2020) yaitu Skincare.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 671,
"width": 527,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Skincare adalah rangkaian produk kecantikan yang digunakan untuk merawat kulit yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi jenis kulit. Seiring berkembangnya zaman, kecantikan merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat penting dalam menunjang penampilan untuk tampil lebih percaya diri, salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan perawatan kulit. Memiliki kulit wajah yang sehat dan bebas masalah adalah dambaan setiap masyarakat Indonesia khususnya yang ada di Kota Batam. Perawatan kulit wajah yang dilakukan bukan semata-mata hanya untuk kecantikan, namun disisi lain juga merupakan bagian dari kesehatan tubuh yang perlu dijaga. Perawatan wajah sangat penting dalam menciptakan kulit wajah yang lebih bersih, segar, dan bersinar (liputan6, 2020). Untuk melakukan perawatan itu, masyakarat di Kota Batam menggunakan produk kecantikan yang dikenal dengan skincare.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelina Victoria dan Lily Purwianti, Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "466",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 74,
"width": 527,
"height": 352,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melihat fenomena tersebut, skincare seakan menjadi kebutuhan utama yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan, terutama bagi wanita (Apriani, 2021). Dengan kemajuan teknologi yang semakin pesat, kemudahan dalam mendapatkan informasi produk skincare pun sekarang bisa diakses anak-anak muda, termasuk generasi Z. Melalui kemudahan dalam mengakses informasi produk skincare tersebut pada akhirnya akan memicu niat beli yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang pada akhirnya akan berujung pada pembelian di e-commerce . Perkembangan zaman yang semakin maju, menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran dimana dulu pembelian skincare banyak didominasi oleh generasi milenial, namun untuk saat ini justru didominasi oleh generasi Z (Riani, 2020). Generasi Z adalah generasi yang lahir diera digital ( 1997-2012 ), dimana hal tersebut mempengaruhi generasi Z dalam hal pola pikir dan berperilaku, terutama dalam bidang kecantikan. Generasi Z merupakan generasi yang lahir di era digital dan memiliki karakter unik bila dibandingkan dengan generasi lainnya yaitu mempunyai pengeluaran produk kecantikan yang tinggi dan seluruh pendapatan generasi hampir digunakan untuk membeli produk kecantikan (Anisa, 2020). Menurut survei, sebanyak 67,8% wanita generasi Z mengaku pernah mengalami body shamming dikarenakan memiliki muka berjerawat. Selain itu, generasi Z juga sangat percaya diri dalam menggunakan teknologi, bahkan lebih dari separuh (64,2 persen) generasi Z nyaman berbelanja produk kecantikan di e-commerce (ZAP Beauty Clinic & Markplus Inc, 2020) . Oleh karena hal tersebut, generasi Z sebelum umur 19 tahun, sudah menggunakan skincare dan bahkan menggunakan hampir seluruh pendapatannya untuk melakukan perawatan. Kemudahan dalam melakukan akses informasi, membuat masyarakat Indonesia menjadi teredukasi dalam memilih produk skincare sesuai dengan jenis kulit, terutama generasi Z. Bahkan dalam pemilihan skincare generasi Z lebih familiar mengenai komposisi yang terkandung dalam skincare dibandingkan generasi lainnya. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat beli skincare di e-commerce pada generasi Z adalah pengaruh sosial. Menurut (Irshad et al., 2020) mengindikasikan bahwa dalam niat beli online, konsumen akan mencari informasi melalui pendapat teman sebaya atau orang-orang sekitar sebelum melakukan pembelian. Semakin positif masukkan yang diberikan tentang produk dan layanan, maka akan menghasilkan kepercayaan konsumen pada pengecer terhadap niat beli online. Menurut (Qalati et al., 2021) menjelaskan bahwa reputasi merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dalam menunjang kepercayaan pelanggan dalam melakukan niat beli. Konsumen biasanya menyukai perusahaan dengan reputasi yang baik dalam melakukan niat beli online karena menanggap resiko yang akan terjadi nanti lebih rendah. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa reputasi yang baik, maka akan menciptakan hubungan jangka panjang dengan konsumen, terlebih dengan kepercayaan yang sudah terbentuk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 428,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Konuk, 2018), menjelaskan bahwa nilai harga yang adil akan meningkatkan niat beli terhadap suatu produk. Nilai harga yang adil ( sesuai dengan yang seharusnya dan wajar ) pada suatu produk, akan memunculkan niat beli yang di iringi dengan kepercayaan terhadap suatu produk. Menurut (Al-Adwan & Kokash, 2019), mengindikasikan bahwa familiar dengan platform akan meningkatkan pemahaman pengguna tentang prosedur belanja dan mengurangi kerumitan dalam membuat keputusan, kemudian keterlibatan berkelanjutan dengan melakukan pencarian informasi terkait dengan produk yang diinginkan dan pada akhirnya akan membentuk niat beli. Familiaritas yang terjadi mampu memotivasi pelanggan untuk melakukan niat beli.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 517,
"width": 526,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam menciptakan niat beli, kualitas situs web ( dimensi kualitas informasi ) yang baik dan berkualitas akan meningkatkan niat beli pelanggan. Kelengkapan informasi yang disediakan situs web yang berkualitas mampu mempengaruhi kepercayaan konsumen yang pada akhirnya akan memunculkan niat beli (Octavia & Tamerlane, 2017). Menurut (Irshad et al., 2020), mengindikasikan bahwa kepercayaan didefinisikan sebagai faktor utama dalam setiap jual beli online karena mampu membuat ketertarikan pada konsumen untuk membeli produk online. Kepercayaan dalam belanja online sebagai kepatuhan konsumen untuk mempercayai belanja online, kemudian keyakinan akan jaminan kepuasan saat membeli secara online juga merupakan hal yang mendasari pelanggan dalam melakukan niat beli terhadap suatu produk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 618,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menilik pentingnya produk skincare bagi masyarakat khususnya pada kalangan generasi Z di Kota Batam, maka peneliti terdorong untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut mengenai apakah pengaruh sosial, reputasi, nilai harga,familiar dan kualitas informasi berpengaruh terhadap niat beli konsumen generasi Z di e-commerce , dalam konteks ini niat beli hanya sekedar perencanaan untuk membeli produk (belum melakukan pembelian). Kepercayaan inilah yang akan menentukan apakah dapat tercipta niat beli yang membuat kalangan generasi Z untuk menggunakan suatu produk skincare . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare dengan Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 719,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 732,
"width": 526,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini memakai konsep PLS-SEM dimana konsep tersebut mampu menguji secara bersamaan koneksi antara konstruk laten dalam hubungan linear dengan parameter yang ada. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah generasi Z di Kota Batam kemudian untuk sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah generasi Z dengan rentang usia 8-23 tahun di Kota Batam yang mengetahui produk-produk skincare lokal dan memiliki niat beli produk skincare melalui e-commerce . Metode pemilihan sampel yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah non-probability sampling method dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelina Victoria dan Lily Purwianti, Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "467",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 74,
"width": 527,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "memakai teknik purposive sampling yang teknik pemilihan sampelnya berdasarkan pada kriteria tertentu sehingga setiap orang tidak memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk menjadi sampel dalam penelitian (Sugiyono, 2017). Kriterianya yaitu konsumen generasi Z dengan rentang usia 8-23 tahun, mengetahui skincare Somethinc, N’pure, Avoskin, Whitelab, dan Ms.glow, dan memiliki niat untuk membeli skincar e tersebut di e-commerce , kemudian berlokasi di Batam. Pada penelitian ini, sumber primer dan sumber sekunder dipakai sebagai sumber dalam melakukan pengumpulan data. Untuk sumber primer diperoleh dari kuesioner yang telah dibagikan untuk responden dengan menggunakan skala likert 1-5 poin sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari jurnal-jurnal terdahulu dan artikel. Jumlah sampel ditentukan berdasarkan tabel Kretjie dan Morgan dengan populasi penduduk generasi Z di Kota Batam pada tahun 2020 sebesar 346.217 (BPS, 2020), jadi jumlah sampel penelitian ini adalah 384. Penelitian ini mempunyai 25 pertanyaan, maka jumlah responden minimum untuk sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 384 responden. Akan tetapi, perlu diimplementasikan penambahan jumlah responden minimum menjadi 76 responden untuk menghindari data yang tidak akurat. Jadi total penyebaran kuesioner adalah sebanyak 460 kepada responden di kota Batam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 251,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 277,
"width": 339,
"height": 352,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 Outer Loadings Variabel Outer Loadings Keterangan F_1 > Familiar 0,813 Valid F_2 > Familiar 0,835 Valid F_3 > Familiar 0,873 Valid F_4 > Familiar 0,863 Valid KI_1 > Kualitas Informasi 0,829 Valid KI_2 > Kualitas Informasi 0,844 Valid KI_3 > Kualitas Informasi 0,832 Valid KI_4 > Kualitas Informasi 0,859 Valid K_1 > Kepercayaan 0,868 Valid K_2 > Kepercayaan 0,802 Valid K_3 > Kepercayaan 0,876 Valid K_4 > Kepercayaan 0,847 Valid NB_1 > Niat Beli 0,854 Valid NB_2 > Niat Beli 0,858 Valid NB_3 > Niat Beli 0,886 Valid NH_1 > Nilai Harga 0,901 Valid NH_2 > Nilai Harga 0,903 Valid NH_3 > Nilai Harga 0,869 Valid PS_1 > Pengaruh Sosial 0,860 Valid PS_2 > Pengaruh Sosial 0,844 Valid PS_3 > Pengaruh Sosial 0,787 Valid R_1 > Reputasi 0,793 Valid R_2 > Reputasi 0,858 Valid R_3> Reputasi 0,797 Valid R_4> Reputasi 0,761 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 632,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 657,
"width": 526,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 hasil uji validitas konvergen meliputi evaluasi model pengukuran yang merupakan angka muatan faktor masing-masing parameter terhadap variabelnya. Nilai parameter suatu data dinyatakan valid ketika nilainya di atas 0,6 (Joe F. Hair et al., 2014). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa seluruh item pertanyaan tersebut memiliki nilai muatan faktor lebih dari 0,6 sehingga keseluruhan parameter dalam penelitian ini dinyatakan valid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelina Victoria dan Lily Purwianti, Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "468",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 74,
"width": 360,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2 Average Variance Extracted (AVE) Variabel AVE Keterangan Familiar 0,717 Valid Kepercayaan 0,720 Valid Kualitas Informasi 0,707 Valid Niat Beli 0,750 Valid Nilai Harga 0,795 Valid Pengaruh Sosial Reputasi 0,691 0,645 Valid Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 194,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 220,
"width": 527,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2 menejelaskan bahwa jika memiliki tingkatan dan akurasi setiap instrumen melampaui average variance extracted (AVE) yaitu sebesar 0,5 (Joe F. Hair et al., 2014) maka termasuk syarat untuk validitas yang baik. Dilihat dari output diatas, keseluruhan konstruk telah mengindikasikan nilai tersebut lebih dari 0,5 sehingga keseluruhan konstruk dapat dinyatakan valid . Tabel 3 menjelaskan bahwa indikator dinyatakan reliabel jika memiliki nilai cronbach’s alpha dan composite Reliability > 0,6. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut nilai keseluruhan variabel telah menunjukkan diatas 0,6 sehingga hal ini dapat dinyatakan reliabel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 308,
"width": 38,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 321,
"width": 214,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Composite Reliability dan Cronbach’s Alpha",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 334,
"width": 449,
"height": 454,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel Cronbach Alpha Composite Realibility Keterangan Familiar 0,869 0,910 Reliabel Kepercayaan 0,870 0,911 Reliabel Kualitas Informasi 0,862 0,906 Reliabel Niat Beli 0,833 0,900 Reliabel Nilai Harga 0,871 0,921 Reliabel Pengaruh Sosial Reputasi 0,776 0,817 0,870 0,879 Realibel Reliabel Sumber: data olahan Tabel 4 Outer Model VIF Familiar_1 1.617 Familiar_2 2.171 Familiar_3 2.752 Familiar_4 2.547 Kualitas Informasi_1 1.850 Kualitas Informasi_2 2.121 Kualitas Informasi_3 1.975 Kualitas Informasi_4 2.191 Kepercayaan_1 2.342 Kepercayaan_2 1.791 Kepercayaan_3 2.445 Kepercayaan_4 2.222 Niat Beli_1 1.876 Niat Beli_1 1.858 Niat Beli_1 2.107 Nilai Harga_1 2.521 Nilai Harga_2 2.533 Nilai Harga_3 2.038 Pengaruh Sosial_1 1.701 Pengaruh Sosial_2 1.810 Pengaruh Sosial_3 1.444 Reputasi_1 1.720 Reputasi_2 2.115 Reputasi_3 1.625 Reputasi_4 1.603 Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelina Victoria dan Lily Purwianti, Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "469",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 74,
"width": 527,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4 menjelaskan bahwa indikator dinyatakan memiliki nilai VIF yang baik, apabila nilai tersebut < dari 5 atau <=5. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, outer model memiliki nilai VIF yang baik, karena memiliki nilai < dari 5. Sedangkan Tabel 5 menjelaskan bahwa suatu variabel pada Inner Model dinyatakan memiliki nilai yang baik, apabila nilai tersebut < dari 5 atau <=5. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, inner model memiliki nilai yang baik dan memenuhi kriteria, karena memiliki nilai < dari 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 150,
"width": 38,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 268,
"top": 163,
"width": 62,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Inner Model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 270,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 295,
"width": 38,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 308,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Direct Effect",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 403,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 428,
"width": 527,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6 menjelaskan bahwa inner model atau evaluasi model struktural akan menguji pengaruh langsung dan pengaruh tidak langsung. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel itu signifikan maka dapat diukur dengan nilai T- Statistics dengan nilai harus > 1,96 dan nilai P-Value harus di bawah 0,05 (Joe F. Hair et al., 2014). Hasil uji direct effect adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 479,
"width": 527,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Familiar memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kepercayaan. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa familiar memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap kepercayaan. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Jeaheng et al., 2020), (Al-Adwan & Kokash, 2019), (Yu et al., 2019). Dengan kata lain, familiar dengan platform perdagangan sosial menunjukkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan pengguna tentang konten/prosedur platform, cara mencari produk dan informasinya, familiar terhadap merek suatu produk dan cara memesan produk ini melalui antarmuka platform sementara kepercayaan dalam platform perdagangan sosial memerlukan penyediaan informasi berdasarkan keyakinan yang menguntungkan dari jaminan ( trust ) bahwa informasi tersebut aman dan akan digunakan dengan tepat di masa depan sehingga kepercayaan dan familiar saling melengkapi dan bertindak sebagai mekanisme dalam mengurangi hubungan yang kompleks antara pengguna dan penjual. Familiar dengan platform perdagangan sosial dapat mempengaruhi kepercayaan pada platform dengan menawarkan mekanisme yang memungkinkan konsumen merasakan harapan yang menguntungkan dan tidak menguntungkan tentang pihak terpercaya (penjual). Untuk itu pengujian yang menyatakan bahwa familiar memiliki pengaruh signifikan secara positif terhadap kepercayaan diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 643,
"width": 527,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Kepercayaan memiliki pengaruh terhadap Niat Beli. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa Kepercayaan memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap Niat Beli. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Alberto et al., 2020), (Benson et al., 2018), (Athapaththu & Kulathunga, 2018), (Neumann et al., 2020), dan (An, 2018). Dengan kata lain, sebuah konstruksi penting dari niat beli adalah tingkat kepercayaan antara penjual dan pembeli. Kepercayaan dilihat sebagai niat perilaku atau kesediaan untuk bergantung pada pihak lain, ditambah dengan rasa resiko yang akan dihadapi jika kepercayaan dilanggar. Dalam pembelian online, kepercayaan dianggap sebagai faktor yang paling penting, karena mampu mempengaruhi niat beli konsumen. Pada transaksi online dapat dipengaruhi oleh kepercayaan terhadap vendor (penjual). Untuk itu pengujian yang menyatakan bahwa Kepercayaan memiliki pengaruh signifikan secara positif terhadap Niat Beli diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 757,
"width": 527,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Kualitas Informasi memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kepercayaan. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa Kualitas Informasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap Kepercayaan. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Jeaheng et al., 2020), (Kong et al., 2020), (Yu et al., 2019). Dengan kata lain, konsumen yang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelina Victoria dan Lily Purwianti, Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 49,
"width": 231,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "470",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 74,
"width": 509,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menganggap informasi suatu produk lengkap, relevan, mudah dipahami, andal, dan akurat, mereka akan menganggap informasi tersebut berkualitas tinggi, kredibel, berguna dan cukup untuk pengambilan keputusan transaksi sehingga kualitas informasi merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kepercayaan konsumen dalam pembelian suatu produk melalui online. Untuk itu pengujian yang menyatakan bahwa kualitas informasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan secara positif terhadap kepercayaan diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 137,
"width": 527,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Nilai Harga memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kepercayaan. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa Nilai Harga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepercayaan, dengan kata lain meskipun rata-rata generasi Z dalam penelitian ini menanggap skincare adalah kebutuhan penting dalam kehidupan mereka, dimana menurut data demografi responden menyatakan bahwa menurut survei, generasi Z banyak yang melakukan perawatan wajah sejak usia 19 tahun, namun disisi lain, penggunaan skincare juga didominasi oleh generasi Z dengan umur 13-17 tahun dengan jumlah 58 orang atau 13.5%, dimana sejak usia 13 tahun generasi Z sudah menggunakan salah satu produk skincare yaitu anti aging (Kumampung, 2020), namun harga suatu produk skincare tidak menjadi patokan penting bagi mereka dalam menunjang kepercayaan mereka terhadap suatu merek skincare. Hasil uji ini bertolak belakang dengan penelitian (Jeaheng et al., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 251,
"width": 527,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e. Pengaruh Sosial memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kepercayaan. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa Pengaruh Sosial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepercayaan. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Issock Issock et al., 2020), (Lee & Cho, 2017) dimana dalam hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa pengaruh sosial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepercayaan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh sosial ( teman/keluarga/kerabat tidak menjadi patokan penting bagi generasi Z dalam menunjang kepercayaan mereka dalam memakai sebuah produk skincare yang pada akhirnya menumbuhkan niat beli mereka pada produk skincare tersebut, dimana hasil penelitian pada data demografi responden menyatakan bahwa, dimana mayoritas wanita Indonesia generasi Z memiliki ketertarikan tinggi terhadap perawatan wajah ( skincare ) dan kepedulian terhadap komposisi dari produk skincare itu sendiri (Fundrika, 2021), jadi dapat dilihat bahwa pengaruh sosial tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap kepercayaan generasi Z , namun ketertarikan dan komposisi dari suatu produk yang membuat generasi Z tertarik dan percaya dalam menggunakan suatu produk skincare . Hasil uji ini bertolak belakang dengan penelitian (Al-Adwan & Kokash, 2019), (Cho et al., 2019), (Al Khasawneh et al., 2018), (Chang et al., 2017), dan (Zhang et al., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 416,
"width": 527,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "f. Reputasi memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kepercayaan. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa Reputasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap Kepercayaan. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Curras- Perez et al., 2017), (Varma et al., 2020), (Jalilvand et al., 2017), (Ye et al., 2018). Dengan kata lain reputasi memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kepercayaan pelanggan artinya semakin tinggi reputasi baik suatu produk, maka kepercayaan untuk membeli juga semakin tinggi. Untuk itu pengujian yang menyatakan bahwa reputasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan secara positif terhadap kepercayaan diterima, dikarenakan para remaja generasi Z menyetujui bahwa pembeli pada umumnya akan percaya bahwa penjual yang memiliki reputasi yang baik, tidak akan membahayakan reputasi mereka ( menjaga reputasi sebaik mungkin ). Oleh karena itu, reputasi yang baik akan meningkatkan konsistensi penjual dalam mengarahkan bisnis mereka, sehingga dapat dilihat bahwa reputasi sangat bergantung pada kepercayaan seseorang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 256,
"top": 555,
"width": 87,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 7 Uji Indirect Effect",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 646,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 671,
"width": 305,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 7 menjelaskan hasil uji in direct effect adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 684,
"width": 527,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Familiar memiliki pengaruh terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa familiar memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Legendre et al., 2019), (Sharma et al., 2019), (Dachyar & Banjarnahor, 2017), (Roudposhti et al., 2018). Maka dapat dikatakan bahwa familiar seseorang terhadap suatu produk karena berkontribusi pada proses informasi suatu produk dan menentukan sikap dan keputusan di masa depan. Familiar konsumen menjadi dasar kepercayaan. Hal ini dikarenakan konsumen yang akrab dengan informasi yang disampaikan melalui media cenderung mempersepsikan informasi tersebut lebih kredibel dan menunjukkan tingkat kepercayaan yang lebih besar terhadap informasi tersebut. Kepercayaan seakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelina Victoria dan Lily Purwianti, Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 49,
"width": 231,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "471",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 74,
"width": 509,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menjadi mekanisme psikologis penting yang menentukan hasil sikap dan motivasi seperti kesediaan untuk menerima informasi baru dan merasakan adanya kecocokan dalam diri konsumen dengan informasi tersebut. Dalam konteks penelitian ini, memahami bagaimana konsumen mengembangkan kepercayaan terhadap informasi media karena informasi media adalah sarana media pertama konsumen untuk mencari tahu mengenai produk ketika konsumen benar-benar mempercayai informasi yang disampaikan media. Ini karena hal tersebut memiliki pengaruh yang kuat dengan keberlanjutan dan tujuan sosial. Konsumen yang membentuk familiar dan kepercayaan dengan informasi media mengenai produk dapat lebih termotivasi untuk melakukan aktivisme pembelian dalam hal ini berfokus pada dimensi niat beli mereka, karena hal itu dapat berkontribusi lebih baik untuk keberlanjutan dan perubahan sosial yang lebih besar. Untuk itu pengujian yang menyatakan bahwa familiar memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening dapat diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 213,
"width": 527,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Kualitas Informasi memiliki pengaruh terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas informasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Qalati et al., 2021), (Zhu et al., 2019), (Octavia & Tamerlane, 2017), (Maia et al., 2019), dan (Zhao et al., 2020). Maka dapat dikatakan bahwa dalam hal deskripsi produk, kualitas informasi dapat mempengaruhi persepsi dan pemahaman konsumen tentang kredibilitas dan ketepatan informasi suatu produk. Selain itu, penting bagi konsumen untuk mendapatkan dan memproses deskripsi produk yang berkualitas tinggi. Tingkat kualitas yang tersedia dalam deskripsi produk pada platform membantu konsumen dalam menilai atribut produk dan mengurangi ketidakpastian tentang produk, sehingga meningkatkan kepercayaan mereka terhadap produk dan penyedianya. Konsumen menganggap deskripsi produk berkualitas tinggi sebagai komitmen kredibel dari penyedia produk berkualitas tinggi. Jadi konsumen percaya bahwa penyedia ini dapat diandalkan sampai batas tertentu, dan karena itu konsumen menganggap mereka dapat dipercaya. Kepercayaan yang dirasakan mampu mengurangi persepsi risiko konsumen saat berbelanja di platform, sehingga meningkatkan partisipasi mereka dalam perilaku terkait kepercayaan, seperti melakukan pembelian. Oleh karena itu, kepercayaan yang dirasakan konsumen akan mempengaruhi niat pembelian secara positif. Untuk itu pengujian yang menyatakan bahwa kualitas informasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening dapat diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 428,
"width": 527,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Nilai Harga memiliki pengaruh terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa nilai harga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening. Dapat dikatakan bahwa, meskipun rata-rata generasi Z dalam penelitian ini menanggap skincare adalah kebutuhan penting dalam kehidupan mereka, dimana menurut data demografi responden menyatakan bahwa menurut survei, generasi Z banyak yang melakukan perawatan wajah sejak usia 19 tahun, namun disisi lain, penggunaan skincare juga didominasi oleh responden dengan umur 13-17 tahun dengan jumlah 58 orang atau 13.5%, dimana sejak usia 13 tahun generasi Z sudah menggunakan salah satu produk skincare yaitu anti aging (Kumampung, 2020) dan rata-rata responden berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan didominasi oleh generasi Z dengan status sebagai mahasiswa dengan jumlah 225 orang atau 52,3% dan karyawan dengan jumlah 115 orang atau 26.7%, dimana semakin padatnya aktivitas, kulit yang sehat dan segar adalah kebutuhan sehingga produk perawatan wajah sangat penting dalam menghindari setiap permasalahan kulit (Anna, 2019), akan tetapi dari hasil penelitian, dapat dilihat bahwa harga suatu produk skincare tidak menjadi patokan penting bagi mereka dalam menunjang kepercayaan mereka terhadap suatu merek skincare yang pada akhirnya menumbuhkan niat beli mereka pada merek skincare tersebut. Hasil uji ini bertolak belakang dengan penelitian (Konuk, 2018) dan (Tong & Su, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 618,
"width": 527,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Pengaruh Sosial memiliki pengaruh terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengaruh sosial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening. Dapat dikatakan bahwa pengaruh sosial (teman/keluarga/kerabat) tidak menjadi patokan penting bagi generasi Z dalam menunjang kepercayaan mereka dalam memakai sebuah produk skincare yang pada akhirnya menumbuhkan niat beli mereka pada produk skincare tersebut, dimana hasil penelitian pada data demografi responden menyatakan bahwa, dimana mayoritas wanita Indonesia generasi Z memiliki ketertarikan tinggi terhadap perawatan wajah ( skincare ) dan kepedulian terhadap komposisi dari produk skincare itu sendiri (Fundrika, 2021), Jadi dapat dilihat bahwa pengaruh sosial tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap kepercayaan generasi Z dalam menumbuhkan minat beli mereka terhadap skincare, namun ketertarikan dan komposisi dari suatu produk yang membuat generasi Z tertarik dan percaya untuk membeli suatu produk skincare . Hasil uji ini bertolak belakang dengan penelitian (Sharma et al., 2019), (Irshad et al., 2020) dan (Y. Liu et al., 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 770,
"width": 527,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Reputasi memiliki pengaruh terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa Reputasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelina Victoria dan Lily Purwianti, Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 49,
"width": 231,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "472",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 74,
"width": 509,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sebagai variabel intervening. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian (Dachyar & Banjarnahor, 2017), (Qalati et al., 2021), dan (Maia et al., 2019). Dapat dikatakan bahwa generasi Z cenderung mempertimbangkan reputasi perusahaan sebagai faktor penting dalam menilai kepercayaan pada perusahaan dan dalam membeli suatu produk. Reputasi perusahaan yang baik dapat mengurangi persepsi konsumen tentang ketidakpastian tentang produk dan perusahaan. Kepercayaan tersebut merupakan awal dari keputusan pembelian antara pembeli pada penjual dan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi niat untuk membeli. Social commerce tidak hanya berfokus pada penjualan produk dan layanan tetapi juga membangun kepercayaan di antara penggunanya untuk mendorong niat membeli dan rekomendasi, sehingga menghasilkan lebih banyak penjualan. Untuk itu pengujian yang menyatakan bahwa reputasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap niat beli dengan kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening dapat diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 213,
"width": 447,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 8 Uji R Square Variabel Adjusted R Square Persentase Kepercayaan 0,680 68% Niat Beli 0,466 46,6% Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 303,
"width": 527,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui kategori sebuah model apakah termasuk dalam kategori baik atau tidak, maka dapat dilihat dari kriteria menurut (Chin, 1998) dimana 0,67 menunjukkan model dalam kategori strong , kemudian 0, 33 menunjukkan model dalam ketegori moderate dan 0,19 menunjukkan model dalam kategori weak. Berdasarkan hasil output diatas, menunjukkan hasil uji R 2 pada variabel kepercayaan dimana nilai adjusted R Square sebesar 0,680 atau 68% sedangkan sisanya 32% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak terdapat dalam penelitian ini, sehingga model dapat dikategorikan strong. Selain itu, pada variabel niat beli memiliki nilai 0,466 atau 46,6 % sedangkan sisanya 53,4% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak terdapat dalam penelitian ini, sehingga model dapat dikategorikan moderate. Variabel lain yang tidak dijelaskan pada penelitian ini, misalnya pada penelitian (Y. Liu et al., 2019) terdapat variabel kepribadian lima besar (neurotisisme, kesadaran, keramahan, keterbukaan, ekstraversi ), persepsi kemudahan penggunaan, persepsi kegunaan, dan pencarian sensasi sebagai variabel moderator yang tidak termasuk variabel dalam penelitian ini, kemudian pada penelitian (Al Khasawneh et al., 2018), terdapat variabel manfaat yang dirasakan, kredibilitas yang dirasakan, PBC ( perceived behavioral control), dan risiko privasi dan risiko keamanan, dan penelitian-penelitian lainnya yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 481,
"width": 46,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 9 F Square",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 588,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 613,
"width": 526,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 9 uji F Square suatu model dinyatakan memiliki effect size small apabila memiliki nilai 0,02 , kemudian dinyatakan memiliki effect size medium apabila memiliki nilai 0,15 dan memiliki nilai larg e apabila memiliki nilai 0,35 (Joseph F. Hair et al., 2019) Hasil uji F Square pada penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 651,
"width": 527,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Familiar berpengaruh terhadap Kepercayaan. Berdasarkan output tersebut, maka dapat dilihat bahwa familiar berpengaruh terhadap kepercayaan memiliki nilai sebesar 0,036 sehingga model dapat dikategorikan memiliki effect size small.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 689,
"width": 527,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Kepercayaan berpengaruh terhadap niat beli. Berdasarkan output tersebut, maka dapat dilihat bahwa kepercayaan berpengaruh terhadap niat beli memiliki nilai sebesar 0,891 sehingga model dapat dikategorikan memiliki effect size Large. Pada variabel ini merupakan variabel yang memiliki effect size paling besar jika dibandingkan dengan variabel- variabel lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 740,
"width": 527,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Kualitas Informasi berpengaruh terhadap Kepercayaan. Berdasarkan output tersebut, maka dapat dilihat bahwa kualitas informasi berpengaruh terhadap kepercayaan sebesar 0,232 sehingga model dapat dikategorikan memiliki effect size Medium",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelina Victoria dan Lily Purwianti, Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "473",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 74,
"width": 527,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Nilai Harga berpengaruh terhadap kepercayaan. Berdasarkan output tersebut, maka dapat dilihat bahwa nilai harga berpengaruh terhadap kepercayaan memiliki nilai sebesar 0,011 sehingga model dapat dikategorikan memiliki effect size small.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 112,
"width": 527,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Pengaruh Sosial berpengaruh terhadap Kepercayaan. Berdasarkan output tersebut, maka dapat dilihat bahwa pengaruh sosial berpengaruh terhadap kepercayaan memiliki nilai sebesar 0,007 sehingga model dapat dikategorikan memiliki effect size small.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 150,
"width": 527,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Reputasi berpengaruh terhadap Kepercayaan. Berdasarkan output tersebut, maka dapat dilihat bahwa reputasi berpengaruh terhadap kepercayaan memiliki nilai sebesar 0,037 sehingga model dapat dikategorikan memiliki effect size small.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 201,
"width": 381,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 10 Uji SRMR Sample Mean (M) 95% 99% Saturated Model 0.036 0.041 0.042 Estimated Model 0.040 0.046 0.049",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 265,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 278,
"width": 526,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji SRMR ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat eror pada suatu data penelitian. Kriteria tingkat eror pada uji SRMR ini adalah < 0,1 (Hu L.-T. & Bentler P. M., 1999), sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa semakin kecil nilainya, maka tingkat eror juga semakin rendah. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka dapat dilihat bahwa nilai dari tingkat eror pada penelitian ini adalah 0,036 dan 0,040, sehingga tingkat eror pada data penelitian ini adalah sangat kecil. Kemudian dilalukan uji GoF yang digunakan untuk mengukur quality index dalam membandingkan model dengan matriks kovarian diantara parameternya untuk melihat kesesuaian serta baik atau tidaknya suatu model penelitian. Nilai kecocokan model dinyatakan weak jika angkanya > 0,10, dikatakan sebagai moderate jika angkanya > 0,25 dan dikatakan tinggi jika angkanya > 0,36 (Latan & Ghozali, 2016). Semakin tinggi atau besar suatu model penelitian maka model tersebut juga semakin bagus. Berdasarkan tabel diatas, maka dapat diindikasikan hasil Gof menunjukkan angka sebesar 0,641 atau lebih dari 0,36 sehingga dapat dikatakan model penelitian pada GoF ini termasuk kategori kuat sehingga model tersebut baik dan dapat dipakai dalam penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 419,
"width": 31,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "GoF =",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 438,
"width": 267,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Comm = = 0.718 = 0.573 GoF = = 0.641",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 512,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 525,
"width": 526,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa variabel familiar memiliki pengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kepercayaan sedangkan kepercayaan berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli, kualitas informasi berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kepercayaan, dan reputasi berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kepercayaan. Nilai Harga tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh kepercayaan, sedangkan pengaruh sosial dengan kepercayaan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan. Kepercayaan mampu memediasi hubungan antara familiar dengan niat beli, hubungan kualitas informasi dengan niat beli mampu dimediasi oleh kepercayaan, sedangkan hubungan nilai harga dengan niat beli tidak mampu dimediasi oleh kepercayaan. Kepercayaan tidak mampu memediasi hubungan pengaruh sosial dengan niat beli, namun kepercayaan mampu memediasi hubungan reputasi dengan niat beli.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 652,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 664,
"width": 527,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al-Adwan, A. S., & Kokash, H. 2019. The driving forces of facebook social commerce. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research , 14 (2), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-18762019000200103 Al Khasawneh, M. H., Hujran, O., & Abdrabbo, T. 2018. A quantitative examination of the factors that influence users’ perceptions of trust towards using mobile banking services. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising , 12 (2), 181–207. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIMA.2018.090957 Alberto, E., Watanabe, D. M., & Alfinito, S. 2020. Perceived value , trust and purchase intention of organic food : a study with Brazilian consumers . https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-05-2019-0363 An, F. 2018. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services The role of store image , perceived quality , trust and perceived value in predicting consumers ’ purchase intentions towards organic private label food . 43 (April), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.04.011",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelina Victoria dan Lily Purwianti, Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "474",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 74,
"width": 527,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anisa, dina fitri. 2020. Mengintip Standar Kecantikan di Setiap Generasi . Beritasatu. https://www.beritasatu.com/gaya-hidup/596815/mengintip-standar-kecantikan-di-setiap-generasi Anna, L. K. 2019. Mengapa Remaja Sudah Butuh Pakai Skincare . Kompas.Com.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 112,
"width": 527,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2019/08/14/062300120/mengapa-remaja-sudah-butuh-pakai- skincare?page=all Apriani, Y. S. 2021. Skincare Jadi Kebutuhan Utama Wanita, Ditha Purwana: Jangan Lupa Cuci Muka . Galamedianews. https://galamedia.pikiran-rakyat.com/humaniora/pr-352660006/skincare-jadi-kebutuhan- utama-wanita-ditha-purwana-jangan-lupa-cuci-muka Athapaththu, J. C., & Kulathunga, K. M. S. D. 2018. Factors Affecting Online Purchase Intention : A Study Of Sri Lankan Online Customers . 7 (9), 120–128.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 201,
"width": 527,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Benson, V., Ezingeard, J., Hand, C., Benson, V., Campus, K. H., Hand, C., & Campus, K. H. 2018. beliefs and characteristics An empirical study of purchase behaviour on social platforms The role of risk , beliefs and characteristics . https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-08-2017-0267 BPS. 2020. Penduduk Kota Batam Menurut Kelompok Umur dan Jenis Kelamin (Jiwa) , 2018-2020. Catriana, E. 2021. Ini Potensi dan Tantangan dalam Pemanfaatan E-commerce . Kompas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 264,
"width": 465,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/10/12/162308426/ini-potensi-dan-tantangan-dalam-pemanfaatan-e- commerce",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 289,
"width": 526,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Chang, S. E., Liu, A. Y., & Shen, W. C. 2017. User trust in social networking services: A comparison of Facebook and LinkedIn. Computers in Human Behavior , 69 (2013), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.013 Chin, W. W. 1998. The partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling. In Marcoulides G. A. (Ed.).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 327,
"width": 261,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Modern Methods for Business Research , 295 (2), 295–336.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 340,
"width": 527,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Curras-Perez, R., Ruiz, C., Sanchez-Garcia, I., & Sanz, S. 2017. Determinantes de la retención de clientes en los entornos virtuales. El rol del riesgo percibido en el contexto de los servicios turísticos. Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC , 21 (2), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjme.2017.07.002 Dachyar, M., & Banjarnahor, L. 2017. Factors influencing purchase intention towards. Intangible Capital , 13 (5), 946– 966.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 403,
"width": 527,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fundrika, B. A. 2021. TaK Lagi Asal, Begini Cara Gen Z Pilih Produk Skincare . Suara.Com. https://www.suara.com/lifestyle/2021/10/19/133000/tak-lagi-asal-begini-cara-gen-z-pilih-produk-skincare Ghozali, I. 2018. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 25 (9th ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 454,
"width": 527,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hair, Joe F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. 2014. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review , 26 (2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 491,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hair, Joseph F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. 2019. When to use and how to report the results of PLS- SEM. European Business Review , 31 (1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203 Hu L.-T., & Bentler P. M. 1999. 103. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling , 6 (July 2012), 1–55. Ihsan, Drean Muhyil. 2020. Harbolnas E-Commerce 10.10: Tujuh Kategori Produk Paling Laris Diborong Saat Pandemi . Trenasia. https://www.trenasia.com/harbolnas-e-commerce-10-10-tujuh-kategori-produk-paling- laris-diborong-saat-pandemi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 580,
"width": 527,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Irshad, M., Ahmad, M. S., & Malik, O. F. 2020. Understanding consumers’ trust in social media marketing environment. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management , 48 (11), 1195–1212. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-07-2019-0225",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 618,
"width": 526,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Issock Issock, P. B., Roberts-Lombard, M., & Mpinganjira, M. 2020. The importance of customer trust for social marketing interventions: a case of energy-efficiency consumption. Journal of Social Marketing , 10 (2), 265– 286. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSOCM-05-2019-0071",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 656,
"width": 526,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jalilvand, M. R., Nasrolahi Vosta, L., Kazemi Mahyari, H., & Khazaei Pool, J. 2017. Social responsibility influence on customer trust in hotels: mediating effects of reputation and word-of-mouth. Tourism Review , 72 (1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2016-0037",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 694,
"width": 526,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jeaheng, Y., Al-Ansi, A., & Han, H. 2020. Impacts of Halal-friendly services, facilities, and food and Beverages on Muslim travelers’ perceptions of service quality attributes, perceived price, satisfaction, trust, and loyalty.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 719,
"width": 491,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management , 29 (7), 787–811.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 732,
"width": 217,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2020.1715317",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 744,
"width": 527,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kong, Y., Wang, Y., Hajli, S., & Featherman, M. 2020. In Sharing Economy We Trust: Examining the Effect of Social and Technical Enablers on Millennials’ Trust in Sharing Commerce. Computers in Human Behavior ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 770,
"width": 209,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "108 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.017",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 782,
"width": 526,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konuk, F. A. 2018. Price fairness, satisfaction, and trust as antecedents of purchase intentions towards organic food.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 38,
"width": 526,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marcelina Victoria dan Lily Purwianti, Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Purchase Intention Produk Skincare Dengan Mediasi Trust pada Kalangan Generasi Z di Kota Batam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 796,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "475",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 74,
"width": 527,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal of Consumer Behaviour , 17 (2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1697 Kumampung, D. R. 2020. Survei: Generasi Z Rela Habiskan Uang demi Merawat Kecantikan . Kompas.Com. https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2020/01/23/153536320/survei-generasi-z-rela-habiskan-uang-demi- merawat-kecantikan Latan, H., & Ghozali, I. 2016. Konsep, Metode Dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program WarPLS 5.0 (A. Tejokusumo (ed.); 3rd ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 150,
"width": 526,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lee, C. C., & Cho, Y. S. 2017. Factors Affecting Trust in Social Commerce: a Structural Equation Model. Issues In Information Systems , December 2020 . https://doi.org/10.48009/4_iis_2017_70-90 Legendre, T. S., Jo, Y. H., Han, Y. S., Kim, Y. W., Ryu, J. P., Jang, S. J., & Kim, J. 2019. The impact of consumer familiarity on edible insect food product purchase and expected liking: The role of media trust and purchase activism. Entomological Research , 49 (4), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.12342",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 213,
"width": 527,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "liputan6. 2020. Pentingnya Merawat Penampilan Kulit untuk Pria . Liputan6.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 226,
"width": 526,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/4159338/pentingnya-merawat-penampilan-kulit-untuk-pria Liu, Y., Su, X., Du, X., & Cui, F. 2019. How social support motivates trust and purchase intentions in mobile social commerce.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 251,
"width": 417,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Revista Brasileira de Gestao de Negocios , 21 (5), 839–860.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 264,
"width": 179,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v21i5.4025",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 276,
"width": 527,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maia, C. R., Lunardi, G. L., Dolci, D., & D’Avila, L. C. 2019. Competitive price and trust as determinants of purchase intention in social commerce. BAR - Brazilian Administration Review , 16 (4), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2019190074",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 314,
"width": 526,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Octavia, D., & Tamerlane, A. 2017. The Influence of Website Quality on Online Purchase Intentions on Agoda.Com with E-Trust as a Mediator. Binus Business Review , 8 (1), 9. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v8i1.1680 Qalati, S. A., Vela, E. G., Li, W., Dakhan, S. A., Hong Thuy, T. T., & Merani, S. H. 2021. Effects of perceived service quality, website quality, and reputation on purchase intention: The mediating and moderating roles of trust and perceived risk in online shopping. Cogent",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 363,
"top": 365,
"width": 199,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business and Management , 8 (1).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 378,
"width": 526,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1869363 Riani, A. 2020. Generasi Z dan Kriteria Berbeda dalam Memilih Produk Skincare . Liputan6. https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/4272578/generasi-z-dan-kriteria-berbeda-dalam-memilih-produk- skincare",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 428,
"width": 526,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Roudposhti, V. M., Nilashi, M., Mardani, A., Streimikiene, D., Samad, S., & Ibrahim, O. 2018. A new model for customer purchase intention in e-commerce recommendation agents. Journal of International Studies , 11 (4),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 454,
"width": 266,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "237–253. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2018/11-4/17",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 466,
"width": 527,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sharma, S., Menard, P., & Mutchler, L. A. 2019. Who to Trust? Applying Trust to Social Commerce. Journal of Computer Information Systems , 59 (1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2017.1289356 Sugiyono. 2017. Metode Penelitian (Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D) . Alfabeta, Bandung. Tong, X., & Su, V. 2018. Exploring young consumers ’ trust and purchase intention of organic cotton apparel . https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-04-2017-2176",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 529,
"width": 526,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Varma, M., Kumar, V., Sangvikar, B., & Pawar, A. 2020. Impact of social media, security risks and reputation of e- retailer on consumer buying intentions through trust in online buying: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Critical Reviews , 7 (1), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.22159/jcr.07.01.22 Yu, C., Zhang, Z., Lin, C., & Wu, Y. J. 2019. Can data-driven precision marketing promote user ad clicks? Evidence from advertising in WeChat moments. Industrial Marketing Management , March , 0–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.05.001 ZAP Beauty Clinic & Markplus Inc. 2020. ZAP Beauty Index 2020. Mark Plus Inc , 1–36.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 618,
"width": 526,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zhao, Y., Wang, L., Tang, H., & Zhang, Y. 2020. Electronic word-of-mouth and consumer purchase intentions in social e-commerce.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 631,
"width": 492,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Electronic Commerce Research and Applications , 41 , 100980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2020.100980",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 656,
"width": 526,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zhu, W., Mou, J., & Benyoucef, M. 2019. Exploring purchase intention in cross-border E-commerce: A three stage model.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 669,
"width": 436,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services , 51 (June), 320–330.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 681,
"width": 214,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.07.004",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
53958501-b3d2-b7df-db7c-96e236ccf961 | https://journal.stikespemkabjombang.ac.id/index.php/jikeb/article/download/684/488 | [
{
"left": 300,
"top": 785,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "85",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 470,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KONFIRMASI LIMA FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN PERIMENOPAUSE DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN ACTIVITIES DAILY LIVING (ADL)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 130,
"width": 444,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Confirmation of Five Factors that Affect the Independence of Perimenopause in Meeting Needs Activities Daily Living (ADL)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 182,
"width": 254,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Taufianie Rossita 1 , Yesi Putri 2 , Desi Aulia Umami 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 198,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 226,
"width": 39,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 238,
"width": 358,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perimenopause yang mandiri menunjukan suatu keadaan dimana seseorang yang memiliki keputusan dan inisiatif untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi, memiliki kepercayaan diri dalam mengerjakan tugas-tugasnya, bertanggung jawab terhadap apa yang dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konfirmasi lima faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian perimenopause dalam memenuhi kebutuhan activities daily living (adl) . Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wanita perimenopause di Wilayah Kecamatan Batununggal Bandung sebanyak 285 responden. Ukuran sampel dalam penelitian ini ditetapkan sebanyak 75 responden, teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis sampai analisis multivariat dan data disajikan dalam bentuk narasi, tabular, dan grafik/gambar. Pengaruh paling besar terhadap variabel kemandirian wanita perimenopause didapatkan berasal dari variabel fungsi keluarga sebesar 26,94%, sedangkan pengaruh paling kecil berasal dari variabel lingkungan sosial sebesar 14,00%. Model mampu menjelaskan variabilitas data sebesar 98,92%, sedangkan 1,08% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dikaji dalam penelitian ini. Jika wanita perimenopause mendapatkan fungsi keluarga yang baik, maka diharapkan kemandirian wanita perimenopause pun akan baik. Diharapkan keluarga membantu wanita perimenopause memelihara kesehatan dan fungsi kehidupannya sehingga wanita perimenopause mandiri dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari dengan mewujudkan pola hidup teratur dan seimbang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 491,
"width": 39,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 503,
"width": 358,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Independent perimenopause shows a situation in which a person who has a decision and an initiative to deal with a problem at hand, has confidence in doing his or her duties, is responsible for what is done. The purpose of this research is to know the direct and indirect influence and the magnitude of social environment, the role of community leaders, the family function and the motivation towards the independence of perimenopause in fulfilling the needs of Activities Daily Living. This research type is quantitative with cross sectional research design. This study was conducted in November 2017. The population in this study was perimenopausal women in Batununggal District of Bandung as many as 285 respondents. Sample size in this study was determined as much as 75 respondents, sampling technique research using purposive sampling. Data collection using questionnaire, then analyzed until multivariate analysis and data presented in the form of narration, tabular, and graph / picture. The greatest influence on the independence variable of perimenopausal women was derived from family function variable of 26.94%, while the smallest effect came from social environment variable equal to 14.00%. The model is able to explain data variability of 98.92%, while 1.08% is explained by other variables that are not examined in this study. If perimenopausal women get a good family function, it is hoped the independence of perimenopausal women will be good. It is hoped that the family helps perimenopausal women to maintain their health and life function so that perimenopausal women are self-sufficient in fulfilling their daily needs by realizing an orderly and balanced lifestyle.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 242,
"width": 76,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riwayat artikel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 254,
"width": 121,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diajukan: September 2020 Diterima: Maret 2021.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 305,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PenulisKorespondensi:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 318,
"width": 94,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Taufianie Rossita",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 330,
"width": 108,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 356,
"width": 119,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- taufianirossita@unived. ac.id",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 394,
"width": 64,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 406,
"width": 126,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keluarga, Kemandirian, Lingkungan,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 419,
"width": 126,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Motivasi, Tokoh Masyarakat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 786,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "31",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 243,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021) 86",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 74,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 102,
"width": 219,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kehidupan pada dasarnya merupakan serangkaian perkembangan yang kontinu dari lahir sampai mati. Setiap perkembangan mengandung pengertian adanya suatu proses menuju kematangan yang meliputi aspek jasmaniah, rohaniah dan sosial. Bila seorang individu telah mencapai periode kematangan, baik aspek fisik, psikis maupun sosialyang umumnya dapat dicapai pada usia remaja hingga dewasa, maka periode berikutnya adalah tahap kemantapan dan untuk selanjutnya adalah periode penurunan. 1 Kesehatan reproduksi wanita merupakan keadaan sejahtera fisik, mental dan sosial yang secara utuh bebas dari penyakit atau kecacatan dalam semua hal yang berkaitan dengan sistem reproduksi serta fungsi dan prosesnya, ruang lingkup kesehatan reproduksi sebenarnya sangat luas karena mencakup kehidupan manusia sejak lahir hingga mati, termasuk didalamnya masa menopause .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 411,
"width": 219,
"height": 287,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sindrom menopause dialami oleh banyak wanita diseluruh dunia ± 70 -80 wanita di Eropa, 60% di Amerika, 57% Malaysia, 18% di Cina dan di Jepang serta di Indonesia sebesar 10%, dari beberapa data tersebut tampak bahwa terjadi perbedaan data yang mencolok salah satu yang menjadi faktor penyebabnya adalah adanya perbedaan pola makan dari tiap-tiap negara tersebut. Perempuan perimenopause dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor. Diantaranya yaitu pendidikan, sosiol ekonomi, dan pekerjaan. Perempuan yang banyak mengalami kekhawatiran berasal dari orang-orang yang berpendidikan tinggi dan perekonomian menengah keatas, sindrome menopause dialami oleh banyak perempuan hampir diseluruh dunia, sekitar 70-80% perempuan Eropa, 60% di Amerika, 57% di Malaysia, 18% di Cina dan 10% di Jepang dan Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 707,
"width": 219,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan data BPS pada tahun 2014 ada 16,5 juta manusia usia lanjut yang tersebar dalam dengan komposisi 7,8 juta jiwa (47,3%) laki – laki dan pada wanita 8,7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "juta jiwa (52,7 %). Sedangkan hasil sensus penduduk tahun 2015 Indonesia saat ini termasuk lima besar negara dengan jumlah penduduk lanjut usia terbanyak di dunia yaitu mencapai 18,1 juta jiwa (7,6%) dari jumlah penduduk, jumlah menopause 60 tahun atau lebih diperkirakan akan terus meningkat sehingga pada tahun 2025 diperkirakan mencapai jumlah 36 juta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 205,
"width": 219,
"height": 342,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Akibatnya perempuan itu akan menjadi kurang percaya diri, merasa tidak diperhatikan, tidak dihargai, merasa stress, dan khawatir berkepanjangan tentang perubahan fisiknya, para perempuan usia lanjut tersebut juga rentang terhadap penyakit degeneratif misalnya osteoporosis, penyakit jantung koroner, kanker, dan darah tinggi, jika kondisi ini tidak bisa dibatasi akan berkembang menjadi stress yang berdampak buruk pada kehidupan sosial perempuan yang akan merangsang otak sehingga dapat menggangu keseimbangan hormon dan akhirnya berakibat buruk pada kesehatan tubuh. 4 Menopause merupakan masa berhentinya menstruasi yang terjadi pada perempuan dengan rentang usia 48 sampai 55 tahun, masa ini sangat kompleks bagi perempuan karena berkaitan dengan keadaan fisik dan kejiwaannya, selain perempuan mengalami stress fisik juga mengalami stress psikologi yang mempengaruhi keadaan emosi dalam menghadapi hal normal sebagaimana yang dijalani oleh semua perempuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 556,
"width": 219,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu permasalahan meningkatnya jumlah wanita menopause adalah kemandirian perimenopause, kemandirian perimenopause merupakan kemampuan wanita menghadapi masa menopause untuk tidak tergantung pada orang lain serta bertanggung jawab atas apa yang dilakukan. Kemandirian sebagai perilaku yang aktivitasnya diarahkan pada diri sendiri, tidak mengharapkan pengarahan dari orang lain",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 694,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan mencoba menyelesaikan masalahnya sendiri tanpa meminta bantuan dari orang lain. Perimenopause yang mandiri menunjukan suatu keadaan dimana seseorang yang memiliki keputusan dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 795,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "32",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 391,
"top": 799,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "87",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 220,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "inisiatif untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi, memiliki kepercayaan diri dalam mengerjakan tugas-tugasnya, bertanggung jawab terhadap apa yang dilakukan. Kemandirian juga merupakan suatu sikap dimana individu akan terus belajar untuk bersikap mandiri dalam menghadapi berbagai situasi dilingkungan sehingga individu pada akhirnya akan mampu berpikir dan bertindak sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 219,
"width": 219,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perimenopause yang tidak dapat melakukan aktivitas secara mandiri umumnya memiliki kondisi kesehatan yang tidak baik. Mereka mengalami keluhan ≥ 60% dari keluhan yang umum diderita perimenopause, perimenopause tidak bisa melihat karena menderita kebutaan, mengalami kelumpuhan karena sudah lama menderita strok. Perimenopause yang tidak mandiri juga disebabkan karena kondisi tubuh perimenopause yang sudah melemah karena proses menua. Sehingga perimenopause sangat bergantung pada bantuan orang lain terutama anak-anak dan keluarganya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 432,
"width": 220,
"height": 328,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian dengan judul Pengaruh fungsi keluarga Terhadap Kemandirian perimenopause di Puskesmas Tegal Gundil Bogor Utara 2014, bahwa Ada pengaruh langsung dukungan keluarga terhadap kemandirian perimenopause di Puskesmas Tegal Gundil Bogor Utara sebesar 26.7%. Fungsi keluarga merupakan hal yang penting dalam mewujudkan perimenopause yang sejahtera lahir dan batin. Dukungan lahir dapat diperankan oleh siapa saja, tetapi kebutuhan emosional dan batin memerlukan keterlibatkan keluarga mereka secara intensif dan bahkan dapat memperkuat hubungan antar generasi. Keberadaan suatu hubungan diantara dukungan keluarga dengan sikap kemandirian dari perimenopause dengan bantuan dan suatu pendampingan dari keluarga, perimenopause akan mudah melakukan kemandiriannya pada kehidupan keseharian, sebab perimenopause akan merasa diberi perhatian dengan demikian bisa tergapai suatu kemandirian yang baik. Dalam memberikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "bantuan pada para perimenopause supaya tetap mampu melakukan aktivitas, diperlukan sebuah dukungan dari keluarga. Fungsi keluarga menjadi sebuah bantuan yang dapat diterima oleh individu dari orang-orang tertentu pada kehidupannya dan ada pada lingkungan sosial tertentu, yang mampu membuat si penerima mempunyai rasa diberikan perhatian, dihargai dan dicintai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 219,
"width": 219,
"height": 370,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Oleh karena itu, maka peneliti melakukan penelitian di Wilayah kerja Batununggal Bandung Jawa. Didapatkan hasil prasurvei yang dilakukan pada tanggal 18 Juli 2017 terhadap 20 perimenopause di wilayah kerja di Wilayah Kecamatan Batununggal Bandung Propinsi Jawa Barat yang tinggal dengan keluarga, Survei dan observasi pendahuluan dilakukan terhadap 20 perimenopause di Wilayah Kecamatan Batununggal Bandung Propinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2017 yang tinggal dengan keluarga, sebanyak 18 orang dengan status kesehatan yang baik, lingkungan yang mendukung karena tidak ada benda-benda atau tempat yang membahayakan perimenopause. Kemandirian perimenopause dalam memenuhi kebutuhan activities daily living (adl ) dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga, dan motivasi lansia. Berdasarkan uraian di atas maka perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut kemandirian perimenopause dalam memenuhi kebutuhan activities daily living (adl), karena lansia juga harus lebih diperhatikan agar lansia berpengaruh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 416,
"top": 578,
"width": 44,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "terhadap",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 578,
"width": 219,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kehidupan selamjutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 611,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kemandirian perimenopause dalam memenuhi kebutuhan activities daily living (adl) agar dapat mengurangi dampak negatif yang terjadi yang dimulai dari faktor internal dan eksternal pada lansia. Oleh karena itu, maka peneliti melakukan penelitian tentang “pengaruh lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga dan motivasi lansia terhadap kemandirian perimenopause dalam memenuhi kebutuhan activities daily",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 797,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "33",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 243,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021) 88",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "living (adl) di Wilayah Kecamatan Batununggal Bandung tahun 2017”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 122,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metodologi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 142,
"width": 219,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik, dengan desain penelitian cross sectional (potong lintang). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Selatan. Waktu penelitian inWilayah Kecamatan Batununggal Bandung pada November - Februari 2018. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh lansia yang berada di Wilayah Kecamatan Batununggal Bandung yang berjumlah 285 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah lansia yang berada di Wilayah Kecamatan Batununggal Bandung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 314,
"width": 219,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jumlah sampel minimal adalah 5 x variabel bebas/indikator, dan jumlah sampel maksimal adalah 10 x variabel bebas/indikator. Sehingga, karena jumlah indikator dalam penelitian ini adalah 15 indikator, maka jumlah sampel minimal adalah 100 lansia yang berada di Wilayah Kecamatan Batununggal. Jadi jumlah rentang ( range) jumlah sampel minimal adalah 50 – 100 lansia yang berada di Wilayah Kecamatan Batununggal. Dalam Penelitian ini peneliti mengambil sebanyak 75 lansia yang berada di Wilayah Kecamatan Batununggal sebagai sampel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 527,
"width": 120,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 540,
"width": 219,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Responden berdasarkan umurnya paling banyak menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar wanita perimenopause adalah berumur 42 tahun tahun sebanyak 18 (24,0%) responden.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 596,
"width": 220,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sedangkan berdasarkan pendidikan wanita perimenopause",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 623,
"width": 219,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memperlihatkan bahwa sebagian besar responden adalah berpendidikan SMA, yaitu sebanyak 32 (42,7%) responden.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 678,
"width": 220,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ". Berdasarkan gambar 1, menunjukkan bahwa konstruk fungsi keluarga diukur dengan tiga indikator reflektif yaitu pendampingan, perawatan, pengawasan. Peran tokoh masyarakat diukur dengan tiga indikator yaitu pembinaan, penyuluhan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "motivator. Motivasi diukur dengan tiga indikator yaitu harapan, tujuan, kebutuhan lingkungan sosial dan kemandirian perimenopouse tidak memiliki indikator.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 136,
"width": 222,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan gambar 1, terlihat bahwa nilai loading factor tertinggi yaitu pengaruh peran lingkungan sesial ke kemandirian yaitu sebesar 0, 789 serta nilai terendah yaitu pengaruh lingkungan sosial ke peran tokoh masyarakat yaitu sebesar 0, 335 dan pengaruh lingkungan sosial ke fungsi keluarga sebesar 0, 665. Nilai paling kecil adalah sebesar 0,334 untuk indikator FS1. Berarti indikator yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah valid atau telah memenuhi convergent validity.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 308,
"width": 219,
"height": 231,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengukuran dengan membandingkan nilai AVE ( Average Variance Extracted ) setiap konstruk dengan korelasi antara konstruk dengan konstruk lainnya. Pada evaluasi AVE di atas pada kontruk fungsi keluarga sebesar 0.815 kemandirian perimenopus sebesar 1, 000 lingkungan sosial sebesar 1,000, motivasi sebesar 0, 813 dan peran tokoh masyarakat sebesar 0, 877 dinyatakan valid karena nilai AVE di atas 0,5 dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa evaluasi pengukuran model memilki discriminat validity yang baik. Didapat nilai cronbach alpha pada semua variabel berkisar 0.716 hingga 1,000 yang berarti semua indikator handal dalam mereflesikan variabelnya (nilai cronbach alpha > 0,70).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 548,
"width": 219,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1.Evaluasi Nilai R Square Model Pengaruh Lingkungan Sosial, Peran Tokoh Masyarakat, Fungsi Keluarga, Motivasi, dan Kemandirian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 609,
"width": 219,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nilai R-Square berfungsi untuk menilai besaran keragaman atau variasi data penelitian terhadap fenomena yang sedang dikaji . Selanjutnya dilakukan uji Inner Model , pengujian terhadap model struktural dilakukan dengan melihat nilai R-Square yang merupakan uji goodness-fit model . Berikut ini adalah hasil pengukuran nilai R- Square, yang juga merupakan nilai goodness of fit model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 796,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "34",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 391,
"top": 799,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "89",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 75,
"width": 158,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel R Square Fungsi Keluarga 0,664570 Kemandirian Perimenopause 0,789044 Lingkungan Sosial Motivasi 0,771487 Peran Tokoh Masyarakat 0,334541",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 174,
"width": 219,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan, nilai R-Square tertinggi terdapat pada variabel , lingkungan sosial berkontribusi terhadap peran tokoh masyarakat sebesar 0,334541, lingkungan sosial dan peran tokoh masyarakat berkontribusi terhadap fungsi keluarga sebesar 0,664570, lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat dan fungsi keluarga berkontribusi terhadap motivasi sebesar 0,771487, dan lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga dan motivasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 326,
"width": 35,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "wanita",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 326,
"width": 76,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "perimenopause",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 340,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berkontribusi terhadap kemandirian sebesar 0,789044. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabilitas lingkungan sosial berkontribusi terhadap variabilitas peran tokoh masyarakat sebesar 33,45% dan 66,55% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 442,
"width": 219,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabilitas lingkungan sosial dan peran tokoh masyarakat berkontribusi terhadap variabilitas fungsi keluarga sebesar 66,46% dan 33,54% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti. Variabilitas lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat dan fungsi keluarga berkontribusi terhadap variabilitas motivasi sebesar 77,15% dan 22,85% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 587,
"width": 220,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabilitas lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga dan motivasi wanita perimenopause berkontribusi terhadap variabilitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 642,
"width": 219,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kemandirian sebesar 78,90% dan 21,10% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 689,
"width": 220,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil evaluasi signifikan outer model diatur dalam output PLS di bawah ini dengan mengevaluasi refleksi nilai T- statistic indikator terhadap variabelnya. Evaluasi signifikansi outer model dilakukan untuk menilai signifikansi konstruk laten",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dengan konstruknya, yaitu dengan membandingkan nilai t statistik masing- masing konstruk laten dengan nilai α = 0,05 (1,96). Untuk mengukur nilai t statistik dilakukan bootstrapping pada model dengan hasil sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 164,
"width": 219,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan sosial berkontribusi terhadap peran tokoh masyarakat sebesar 0,334541, lingkungan sosial dan peran tokoh masyarakat berkontribusi terhadap fungsi keluarga sebesar 0,664570, lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat dan fungsi keluarga berkontribusi terhadap motivasi sebesar 0,771487, dan lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga dan motivasi wanita perimenopause berkontribusi terhadap kemandirian sebesar 0,789044.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 335,
"width": 219,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabilitas lingkungan sosial berkontribusi terhadap variabilitas peran tokoh masyarakat sebesar 33,45% dan 66,55% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti. Lingkungan sosial dan peran tokoh masyarakat berkontribusi terhadap variabilitas fungsi keluarga sebesar 66,46% dan 33,54% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti. Variabilitas lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat dan fungsi keluarga berkontribusi terhadap variabilitas motivasi sebesar 77,15% dan 22,85% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 548,
"width": 219,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabilitas lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga dan motivasi wanita perimenopause berkontribusi terhadap variabilitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 603,
"width": 219,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kemandirian sebesar 78,90% dan 21,10% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 651,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terlihat bahwa lingkungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap peran tokoh masyarakat, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,578395, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 5,988875 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 798,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "35",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 391,
"top": 799,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "90",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap fungsi keluarga, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,434999, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 4,576782 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96). Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,246512, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 4,065269 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 260,
"width": 220,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap kemandirian, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,191167, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 3,974598 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 363,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran tokoh masyarakat berpengaruh positif terhadap fungsi keluarga, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,482326, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 4,767703 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 465,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran tokoh masyarakat berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,165729, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 2,271652 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 568,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran tokoh masyarakat berpengaruh positif terhadap kemandirian, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,271296, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 2,946731 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 671,
"width": 220,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fungsi keluarga berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,553586, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 7,496141 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fungsi keluarga berpengaruh positif terhadap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 89,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kemandirian, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,322206, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 3,379271 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 177,
"width": 198,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Motivasi wanita perimenopause",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 191,
"width": 222,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berpengaruh positif terhadap kemandirian, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,209317, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 2,048239 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 280,
"width": 228,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2. Presentase Pengaruh Antar Variabel Terhadap Variabel Kemandirian pada Model Variabel LV Corr elati on Dire ct Rho Inde rect Rho To tal Di re ct ( % ) Indere ct ( % ) Tota l (%)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 369,
"width": 227,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkung an Sosial 0,73 3 0,19 1 0,54 1 0, 73 3 14 ,0 0 0,72 14,7 2 Peran Tokoh Masyarak at 0,76 8 0,27 1 0,24 6 0, 51 7 20 ,8 3 0,44 21,2 7 Fungsi Keluarga 0,83 6 0,32 2 0,11 6 0, 43 8 26 ,9 4 0,29 27,2 2 Motivasi 0,81 8 0,20 9 0, 20 9 17 ,1 3",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 386,
"top": 478,
"width": 151,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "17,1 3 Tota l 78 ,9 0 1,45 80,3 5",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 542,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh secara langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap kemandirian. Hasil uji koefisien parameter antara lingkungan sosial terhadap kemandirian didapatkan pengaruh langsung sebesar 14,00%, sedangkan untuk pengaruh tidak langsung antara lingkungan sosial terhadap kemandirian melalui peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga dan motivasi didapatkan nilai sebesar 0,72%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 686,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran tokoh masyarakat berpengaruh secara langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap kemandirian. Hasil uji koefisien parameter antara peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap kemandirian didapatkan pengaruh langsung sebesar 20,83%, sedangkan untuk pengaruh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 798,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "36",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 243,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021) 91",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tidak langsung antara peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap kemandirian melalui fungsi keluarga, maupun motivasi didapatkan nilai sebesar 0,44%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 136,
"width": 219,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fungsi keluarga berpengaruh secara langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap kemandirian. Hasil uji koefisien parameter antara fungsi keluarga terhadap kemandirian didapatkan pengaruh langsung sebesar 26,94%, sedangkan untuk pengaruh tidak langsung antara fungsi keluarga terhadap kemandirian melalui motivasi didapatkan nilai sebesar 0,29%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 266,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Motivasi wanita perimenopause berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap kemandirian. Hasil uji koefisien parameter antara motivasi terhadap kemandirian didapatkan pengaruh langsung sebesar 17,13%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 355,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sehingga nilai dari masing-masing pengaruh langsung variabel laten eksogen tersebut apabila secara bersama-sama menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan kata lain hal ini menyatakan bahwa variabel lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga, dan motivasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 438,
"width": 225,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "wanita perimenopause mampu",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 452,
"width": 219,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menjelaskan variabel kemandirian sebesar (14,00% + 20,83% + 26,94% + 17,13%) = 78,90%. Sedangkan pengaruh tidak langsung dari variabel lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga, dan motivasi wanita perimenopause terhadap variabel kemandirian sebesar (0,72% + 0,44% + 0,29%) = 1,45%. Jadi total pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung sebesar 80,35%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 609,
"width": 219,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nilai Q - Square menjelaskan bahwa nilai outer model mempunyai 0,996 atau 99,6% keragaman data pada variabel kemandirian pada lansia yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga, dan motivasi. mampu mengkaji fenomena yang dipakai dalam penelitian, sedangkan 0,4% adalah komponen lain yang tidak ada dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 95,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Variabel Lingkungan Sosial Terhadap Peran Tokoh Masyarakat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 128,
"width": 219,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap peran tokoh masyarakat, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,578395, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 5,988875 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96). Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap peran tokoh masyarakat sebesar 33,45%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 258,
"width": 219,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan sosial adalah interaksi antara masyarakat dengan lingkungannya, atau lingkungan yang terdiri dari mahluk sosial yaitu manusia. Lingkungan sosial seseorang pertama di bentuk dalam lingkungan keluarga, lalu lingkungan keluarganya merupakan media pertama yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku seseorang khusunya anak-anak didapat dengan nilai T statistik sebesar 3,939 > 1,96. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini ada pengaruh lingkungan sosial terhadap peran tokoh masyarakat. Sehingga parameter lingkungan sosial terhadap peran tokoh masyarakat dikatakan signifikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 471,
"width": 222,
"height": 274,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang berjudul pengaruh lingkungan sosial, peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap kemandirian pada lansia. Hasil uji statistik pada menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara lingkungan sosial terhadap peran tokoh masyarakat dengan kemandirian lansia dengan nilai p =0,0003. Nilai RP sebesar 1,5 (CI95%= 1,21-1,91) menjelaskan lansia yang menerima anggota keluarag terhadap kemandirian.. Persentase lansia yang menerima di bantu oleh anggota keluargaa dan kemandirian lasia sebesar 60,52%. secara statistik, variabel kemandirian lansia mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan tokoh masyarakat, p=0.017 (CI95%=1,04-1,63). Nilai RP sebesar 1,3 menjelaskan bahwa lansia mebutuhkan keluarga dan tokoh masyarakat. 11",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "37",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 391,
"top": 799,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "92",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 222,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan sosial merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi seseorang atau kelompok untuk dapat melakukan sesuatu tindakan serta perubahan-perubahan perilaku setiap individu. Lingkungan sosial yang kita kenal antara lain lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan teman sebaya, dan lingkungan tetangga. Keluarga merupakan lingkungan sosial yang pertama kali dikenal oleh individu sejak lahir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 233,
"width": 220,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, lingkungan sosial membentuk sistem pergaulan yang besar peranannya dalam membentuk kepribadian seseorang, dan terjadilah interaksi antara orang atau masyarakat dengan lingkungannya sehingga muncul keikutsertaan tokoh masyarakat dalam interaksi tersebut. Contohnya: gotong royong, melakukan program kali bersih atau membersihkan kali (sungai), membersihkan solokan yang tersumbat oleh sampah, dan sebagainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 404,
"width": 220,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Variabel Langsung Lingkungan Sosial Terhadap Fungsi Keluarga Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap fungsi keluarga, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,434999, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 4,576782 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96). Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap fungsi keluarga sebesar 31,06%. Sehingga parameter teman sebaya terhadap kemandirian lansia dikatakan signifikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 609,
"width": 219,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian pada beberapa studi epidemiologi sosial yang menyebutkan jika dukungan masyarakat dapat mengurangi efek stres, sehingga mengurangi insidensi penyakit Ketersediaan dukungan berpengaruh positif pada sikap seseorang terhadap perawatan kesehatan, membantu penyesuaian psikologis terhadap penyakit, mencegah stres, dan bahkan meningkatkan angka kelangsungan hidup. dukungan merupakan sebagai faktor yang bermakna",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dalam menahan stress bagi pasien yang menderita gangguan jiwa berat maupun bagi keluarga penderita gangguan jiwa. Fungsi keluarga terhadap anggotanya antara lain adalah fungsi perawatan kesehatan, yaitu keluarga memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada anggota keluarga dan salah satunya adalah melakukan dukungan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 191,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Di Indonesia, proses pengkajian asuhan keperawatan keluarga pada format pengkajian menurut Friedman. Dalam format pengkajian tersebut, Friedman menguraikan delapan komponen yang harus dikaji pada keluarga, yaitu data umum (demografi), riwayat dan tahap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 288,
"width": 74,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "perkembangan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 288,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "keluarga,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 288,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "keadaan lingkungan, struktur keluarga, fungsi keluarga, stress dan koping keluarga, pemeriksaan esehatan tiap anggota keluarga, dan harapan keluarga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 363,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti lingkungan sosial dapat merubah suasana keluarga jika adanya intervensi dari lingkungan sosial seperti norma atau nilai-nilai sosial yang masuk ke dalam keluarga sehingga membentuk suatu fungsi baru dalam keluarga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 466,
"width": 219,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Variabel Lingkungan Sosial Terhadap Motivasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 499,
"width": 183,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 513,
"width": 219,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "positif terhadap motivasi, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,246512, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 4,065269 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96). Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi sebesar 18,18%. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini ada pengaruh faktor lingkungan sosial terhadap motivasi Sehingga parameter lingkungan sosial terhadap motivasi dikatakan signifikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 684,
"width": 219,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang berjudul faktor-faktor yang dilihat pada setiap variabel yaitu variabel aktivitas sehari-hari dan successful aging",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 740,
"width": 219,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menunjukkan bahwa keduanya memiliki keterkaitan hubungan. Keterkaitan hubungan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 798,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "38",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 243,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021) 93",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 220,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "antara aktivitas sehari-hari dengan successful aging ditunjukkan oleh hasil penghitungan yang menunjukkan bahwa prosentase hubungan variabel aktivitas sehari-hari dan 14 variabel adalah sebesar 14,2% sedangkan sisanya yaitu sebesar 85,8% berhubungan dengan faktor-faktor lainnya yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini seperti usia, latar belakang pendidikan, jenis kelamin, status sosial ekonomi, latar belakang keluarga atau lingkungan, budaya, kondisi psikologis dan lain-lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 246,
"width": 220,
"height": 274,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, perubahan peran sosial dan status fungsional individu memperlihatkan bahwa lansia akan merasakan kepuasannya dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari menjadi jauh lebih penting daripada kuantitas dari aktivitas yang dilakukan. Misalnya, mengunjungi saudara atau teman, melakukan aktivitas keagamaan, mengikuti aktivitas kelompok lansia, melakukan kegiatan membaca atau menulis, musik, seni, menjalankan hobi, berkebun, menanam tanaman, mengikuti kegiatan warga atau sosial, membersihkan halaman rumah, kerja bakti warga, dan lain- lain. Contoh-contoh aktivitas sehari-hari diatas mampu memberikan kesempatan pada lansia untuk terus terlibat aktif dalam berbagai kegiatan, terus bekerja memberikan kontribusi bagi kepuasan dan kebahagiaan hidup secara berarti bagi usia lanjut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 529,
"width": 219,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Variabel Lingkungan Sosial Terhadap Kemandirian Perimenopause",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 562,
"width": 222,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap kemandirian, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,191167, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 3,974598 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96). Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap kemandirian. Hasil uji koefisien parameter antara lingkungan sosial terhadap kemandirian didapatkan pengaruh tidak langsung antara lingkungan sosial terhadap kemandirian melalui peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga dan motivasi didapatkan nilai sebesar 0,72%. Sehingga parameter",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "lingkungan sosial terhadap kemandirian di katakan signifikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 108,
"width": 219,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kemandirian perimenopause adalah lingkungan sosial. Jika dilihat pada faktor lingkungan sehat, diketahui bahwa penduduk yang tinggal di lingkungan sehat lebih banyak yang memiliki status kesehatan dan kemandirian yang baik dibandingkan dengan penduduk yang tinggal di lingkungan tidak sehat. Perilaku perimenopause dalam hal pemeliharaan kebersihan lingkungan, misalnya BAB dan BAK pada umumnya sudah dilakukan di jamban, akan tetapi ada sebagian yang membuang ludah sembarangan, tidak menyapu lantai atau halaman, dan tidak pernah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 388,
"top": 315,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "membersihkan kamarnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 329,
"width": 219,
"height": 287,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kebersihan lingkungan dapat mencegah terjadinya penularan infeksi dan juga memberikan suasana nyaman. Untuk itu perimenopause yang masih aktif perlu diberdayakan untuk ikut serta dalam menjaga kebersihan lingkungan sesuai dengan kemampuannya. Pada umumnya perimenopause tidak mengikuti asuransi kesehatan dan pemeriksaan kesehatan hanya bila sakit saja karena pengertian sehat menurut masyarakat adalah tidak adanya keluhan sakit. Sebanyak 66,6% keluarga telah mampu mempertahankan suasana rumah yang menguntungkan kesehatan perimenopause, misalnya: berbicara pelan tapi dapat dimengerti (78,3%), mengajak perimenopause untuk bercakap-cakap (58,3%), tetapi 51,7% keluarga belum menyediakan makanan yang bervariasi, dan 33,3% keluarga menganggap pembicaraan perimenopause itu membosankan. 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 625,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan sosial merupakan salah satu dari aktivitas sehari–hari yang dilakukan oleh perimenopause. Perimenopause yang sukses adalah perimenopause yang mempunyai aktivitas sosial di lingkungannya. Aktivitas sosial merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan bersama dengan masyarakat di lingkungan sekitar. Kemandirian perimenopause dalam aktivitas sehari-hari diantaranya tentang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 798,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "39",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 243,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021) 94",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 220,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kemandirian perimenopause, salah satunya adalah fungsi keluarga, namun hubungan fungsi keluarga dengan kemandirian perimenopause dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari masih perlu dibuktikan. 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 177,
"width": 219,
"height": 453,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian Erlinafsiah lingkungan sosial menunjukan suatu keadaan seseorang yang mengalami ketidakmampuan untuk mengadakan hubungan dengan orang lain atau dengan lingkungan disekitarnya secara wajar dan hidup dalam khayalan sendiri yang tidak realistis. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sabri (2013) di Kecamatan Cakung Jakarta Timur dengan jumlah sampel total populasi 152 responden, seluruh responden berusia diatas 60 tahun. Didapatkan hasil penelitian 62,5% usia lanjut di Kecamatan Cakung mempunyai psikososial sehat dan 37,5% mengalami gangguan pada masalah kesehatan psikososial karena tidak ada dukungan dari lingkungan sosial di Panti Werdha Wisma Mulia Kecamatan Cakung Jakarta Timur yang berjumlah 65 orang pada bulan Oktober 2013 diperoleh data bahwa dari 10 orang perimenopause, 6 diantaranya memiliki tanda dan gejala mengalami isolasi sosial (menarik diri) dengan keluhan diantaranya perasaan kesepian, lebih suka 3 menyendiri, merasa tidak nyaman berada didekat orang lain dan gejala objektif seperti menolak saat diajak berinteraksi, dan tampak menyendiri di dalam ruangan, sedangkan alasan perimenopause menarik diri diantaranya mengatakan karena ditinggal pasangan, kehilangan pekerjaan dan sahabat karib serta keinginan untuk tidak berinteraksi dengan orang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 639,
"width": 220,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, pemberian kesempatan dan menjadikan wanita perimenopause sebagai tempat bertanya (sesepuh) dapat menimbulkan perasaan berharga pada dirnya. Mengingat wanita perimenopause perlu mempersiapkan diri dalam memasuki fase yang baru sehingga dukungan sosial diperlukan agar tidak mengalami depresi dalam beradaptasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dengan kondisi baru atau lingkungan baru tersebut. Lingkungan disinyalir mempunyai hubungan yang cukup berperan terhadap Kemandirian Perimenopause.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 136,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Variabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 457,
"top": 136,
"width": 86,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran Tokoh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 150,
"width": 207,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Masyarakat Terhadap Fungsi Keluarga",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 170,
"width": 219,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran tokoh masyarakat berpengaruh positif terhadap fungsi keluarga, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,482326, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 4,767703 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96). Peran tokoh masyarakat berpengaruh positif terhadap fungsi keluarga sebesar 35,40%. Dengan demikian hasil penelitiaan ini ada pengaruh peran tokoh masyarajat terhadap fungsi keluarga sehingga parameter persepsi terhadap kemandirian dikatakan signifikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 355,
"width": 222,
"height": 411,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang berjudul peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap fungsi keluarga Manusia yang membuat tujuan dan manusia pula yang melakukan proses untuk mencapai tujuan. Tanpa ada manusia tidak ada proses kerja, sebab pada dasarnya manusia adalah makhluk kerja. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Istriyati di Desa Kumpulrejo Kecamatan Argomulyo Kota Salatiga dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan kemandirian perimenopause adalah peran tokoh masyarakat, peran keluarga dan promosi kesehatan. Dalam pembangunan kesehatan, tokoh masyarakat merupakan bagian dari sumber daya manusia yang sangat penting perannya guna meningkatkan kesadaran yang lebih tinggi pada pelayanan kesehatan yang bersifat promotif dan preventif. Peran tokoh masyarakat merupakan salah satu contoh (role model) dan motivator bagi para perimenopause untuk memanfaatkan Posbindu. Penelitian Pirnadi mengemukakan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara peran tokoh masyarakat dengan kehadiran perimenopause di Posbindu. Faktor yang mendorong atau memperkuat terjadinya perubahan perilaku sehat pada masyarakat perlu contoh dari tokoh masyarakat,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 798,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 391,
"top": 799,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "95",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "keluarga/ teman sebaya dan petugas kesehatan (Kemenkes, 2010). Peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap fungsi keluarga salah satunya adalah memfasilitasi perimenopause melalui kegiatan-kegiatan pemberdayaan, memberikan motivasi kepada perimenopause untuk tetap sehat, mandiri dan sejahtera, mengalihkan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan teknologi yang bersifat vokasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 219,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran tokoh masyarakat lebih banyak yang terlibat adalah kader kesehatan sebagai ujung tombak di bidang kesehatan memiliki andil dalam usaha mengajak perimenopause untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 274,
"width": 74,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memanfaatkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 274,
"width": 48,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Posbindu",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 288,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "perimenopause, teori Green mengatakan peran kader merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung yang berperan dalam perilaku kesehatan karena merupakan faktor penyerta yang berperan untuk mempertahankan perilaku kesehatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 377,
"width": 220,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, peran serta tokoh masyarakat dalam suatu usaha mendukung fungsi keluarga dengan cara menumbuhkan semangat dan rasa memiliki terhadap berbagai kegiatan pembangunan masyarakat berdasarkan atas keterlibatannya dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi pembangunan. Peran serta tokoh masyarakat diartikan sebagai bentuk penyerahan sebagian peran dalam kegiatan dan tanggung jawab tertentu yang berasal dari keluarga untuk lingkungannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 548,
"width": 219,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Variabel Peran Tokoh Masyarakat Terhadap Motivasi Peran tokoh masyarakat berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,165729, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 2,271652 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96). Peran tokoh masyarakat berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi sebesar 11,48%. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini ada pengaruh peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap motivasi sehingga parameter peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap motivasi dikatakan signifikan .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 222,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarakan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Siti untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi instrinsik dan ektrinstik terhadap kesiapan mental wanita pra menopouse menghadapi menopouse di Desa Tibang Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh. Dari 45 responden mayoritas kondisi lingkungan ibu tinggal baik 25 orang (100%) , pada kesiapan mental siap yaitu 19 orang (76,0 %) dan diharapkan bagi tokoh masyarakat untuk Menjaga kondisi lingkungan tempat ibu tinggal agar ibu lebih siap. Tokoh masyarakat dapat memberikan motivasi yang baik menuju sehat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 288,
"width": 219,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk dapat terus berperan dalam lingkungan masyarakat maka wanita perimenopause tetap membutuhkan dukungan dari lingkungan. Pemberian kesempatan dan menjadikan wanita perimenopause sebagai tempat bertanya (sesepuh) dapat menimbulkan perasaan berharga pada dirnya. Mengingat wanita perimenopause perlu mempersiapkan diri dalam memasuki fase yang baru sehingga motivasi serta dukungan sosial diperlukan agar tidak mengalami depresi dalam beradaptasi dengan kondisi baru atau lingkungan baru tersebut. Lingkungan yang paling dekat adalah keluarga seperti pasangan, anak, cucu maupun sahabat dan teman terdekat. Lansia adalah akhir dari penuaan, tahap yang mengalami banyak perubahan baik secara fisik maupun mental.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 550,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan perubahan fisik wanita perimenopause mengalami penurunan pendengaran dan penglihatan, wanita perimenopause yang sehat secara mental yaitu wanita yang menyenangi aktifitas sehari-hari, punya arti dalam hidup seperti melakukan aktifitas sehari-hari. Peran serta tokoh masyarakat adalah ikut sertanya seluruh anggota dan tokoh masyarakat dalam memecahkan permasalahan-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 688,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "permasalahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 688,
"width": 57,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "masyarakat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 688,
"width": 44,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 702,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Partisipasi tokoh masyarakat di bidang kesehatan berarti keikut sertaan seluruh anggota masyarakat dalam memecahkan setiap permasalahan. Motivasi merupakan suatu kekuatan penggerak dalam perilaku",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 797,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 391,
"top": 799,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "96",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "individu baik yang akan menentukan arah maupun daya tahan ( perintence ) tiap perilaku manusia yang didalamnya terkandung pula unsur-unsur emosional insan yang bersangkutan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 150,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, peran tokoh masyarakat untuk menciptakan motivasi dengan dilakukannya penyuluhan dan dukungan yang dibutuhkan lansia agar dapat mandiri, selain itu dapat dilakukan dengan bimbingan dan sebagai penggerak pembangunan kesehatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 253,
"width": 220,
"height": 265,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Variabel Peran Tokoh Masyarakat Terhadap Kemandirian Perimenopause Peran tokoh masyarakat berpengaruh positif terhadap kemandirian, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,271296, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 2,946731 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96). Peran tokoh masyarakat berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap kemandirian. Hasil uji koefisien parameter antara peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap kemandirian didapatkan pengaruh langsung sebesar 20,83%.Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini ada pengaruh peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap kemandirian sehingga parameter peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap kemandirian dikatakan signifikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 527,
"width": 219,
"height": 231,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kemandirian perimenopause adalah peran tokoh masyarakat, berdasarkan hasil penelitian Istriyati di Desa Kumpulrejo Kecamatan Argomulyo Kota Salatiga dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan kemandirian perimenopause adalah peran tokoh masyarakat, peran keluarga dan promosi kesehatan. Dalam pembangunan kesehatan, tokoh masyarakat merupakan bagian dari sumber daya manusia yang sangat penting perannya guna meningkatkan kesadaran yang lebih tinggi pada pelayanan kesehatan yang bersifat promotif dan preventif. Peran tokoh masyarakat merupakan salah satu contoh (role model) dan motivator bagi para",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "perimenopause untuk memanfaatkan Posbindu. Penelitian Pirnadi mengemukakan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara peran tokoh masyarakat dengan kehadiran perimenopause di Posbindu. Faktor yang mendorong atau memperkuat terjadinya perubahan perilaku sehat pada masyarakat perlu contoh dari tokoh masyarakat, teman sebaya dan petugas kesehatan. Peran peran tokoh masyarakat dalam kemandirian perimenopause salah satunya adalah memfasilitasi perimenopause melalui kegiatan-kegiatan pemberdayaan, memberikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 254,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "motivasi kepada perimenopause untuk tetap sehat, mandiri dan sejahtera, mengalihkan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan teknologi yang bersifat vokasional. 15",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 329,
"width": 222,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran tokoh masyarakat lebih banyak yang terlibat adalah kader kesehatan sebagai ujung tombak di bidang kesehatan memiliki andil dalam usaha mengajak perimenopause untuk memanfaatkan Posbindu perimenopause, teori Green mengatakan peran kader merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung yang berperan dalam perilaku kesehatan karena merupakan faktor penyerta yang berperan untuk mempertahankan perilaku kesehatan. Teori ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan Pujiastuti Syahrir yang berjudul Hubungan Lingkungan sosial dan peran tokoh masyarakat dengan Kemandirian Perimenopause Di Panti Sosial Gau Mabaji Sumatera Tahun 2013, dengan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa ada hubungan antara peran tokoh masyarakat dengan Kemandirian perimenopause (p=0,012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 611,
"width": 219,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, peran peran tokoh masyarakat dalam kemandirian perimenopause salah satunya adalah memfasilitasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 653,
"width": 219,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "perimenopause melalui kegiatan-kegiatan pemberdayaan, memberikan motivasi kepada",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 694,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "perimenopause untuk tetap sehat, mandiri dan sejahtera, mengalihkan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan teknologi yang bersifat vokasional. Peran tokoh masyarakat lebih banyak yang terlibat adalah kader kesehatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 800,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 391,
"top": 799,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "97",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 220,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sebagai ujung tombak di bidang kesehatan memiliki andil dalam usaha mengajak perimenopause untuk memanfaatkan Posbindu perimenopause.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 136,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Variabel Fungsi Keluarga Terhadap Motivasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 170,
"width": 220,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fungsi keluarga berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,553586, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 7,496141 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96). Fungsi keluarga berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi sebesar 47,12%. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini ada pengaruh fungsi keluarga terhadap motivasi sehingga parameter fungsi keluarga terhadap motivasi dikatakan signifikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 341,
"width": 219,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fungsi Keluarga terdiri dari 4 Fungsi Keluarga yaitu dukungan instrumental, informatif, penghargaan dan emosional. Dari keempat Fungsi Keluarga tersebut yang paling banyak adalah dukungan penghargaan. Dukungan penghargaan berupa pujian dan dorongan akan memotivasi lansia mandiri dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Dengan adanya dukungan penghargaan lansia merasa diperhatikan, disayangi oleh anggota keluarga yang lain sehingga mengurangi ketergantungan lansia kepada orang lain dalam pemenuhan aktivitas sehari-hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 540,
"width": 219,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keluarga merupakan support system utama bagi lansia dalam mempertahankan kesehatannya. Peranan keluarga dalam perawatan lansia antara lain perawatn fisik, perawatan psikologis, perawatan sosial dan perawatan spiritual. Perawatan lanjut usia di rumah bertujuan memberikan perawatan sebaik mungkin tanpa mengganggu atau mengurangi kemandirian lanjut usia. Kemandirian dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari harus diupayakan, walaupun dalam beberapa aktivitas tentu perlu dibantu (Nugroho, 2008). Perawatan yang dilakukan anak sendiri diduga memberikan rasa aman dan nyaman karena mereka lebih toleran terhadap lansia dibandingkan kerabat atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "orang lain, sehingga kebutuhan fisik, psikis, sosial, ekonomi dan spiritual lansia bisa terpenuhi dengan baik. Pada saat merawat lansia, akan sering timbul konflik pada keluarga yang tinggal bersama atau dekat, sedangkan keluarga yang jauh dirindukan tetapi tidak bisa sering berkunjung. 17",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 177,
"width": 219,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, keluarga sangat dibutuhkan dukungannya dalam masa pemulihan, terutama mendampingi dalam program fisioterapi maupun pengobatan, serta melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari, termasuk beribadah. Keluarga juga harus menyiapkan lingkungan yang kondusif di rumah serta memperhatikan kesehatan fisik dan emosionalnya sendiri selama merawat lansia, sehingga lansia menjadi mandiri sesuai dengan kemampuannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 335,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Variabel Fungsi Keluarga Terhadap Kemandirian Perimenopause\\",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 369,
"width": 219,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fungsi keluarga berpengaruh positif terhadap kemandirian, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,322206, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic sebesar 3,379271 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96). Fungsi keluarga berpengaruh secara langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap kemandirian. Hasil uji koefisien parameter antara fungsi keluarga terhadap kemandirian didapatkan pengaruh langsung sebesar 26,94. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini ada pengaruh fungsi keluarga terhadap kemandirian. Sehingga parameter fungsi keluarga terhadap kemandirian dikatakan signifikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 596,
"width": 219,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian dengan judul Pengaruh fungsi keluarga Terhadap Kemandirian perimenopause di Puskesmas Tegal Gundil Bogor Utara 2014, bahwa Ada pengaruh langsung dukungan keluarga terhadap kemandirian perimenopause di Puskesmas Tegal Gundil Bogor Utara sebesar 26.7%. Fungsi keluarga merupakan hal yang penting dalam mewujudkan perimenopause yang sejahtera lahir dan batin. Dukungan lahir dapat diperankan oleh siapa saja, tetapi kebutuhan emosional dan batin memerlukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 798,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "43",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 391,
"top": 799,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "98",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 220,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "keterlibatkan keluarga mereka secara intensif dan bahkan dapat memperkuat hubungan antar generasi. Keberadaan suatu hubungan diantara dukungan keluarga dengan sikap kemandirian dari perimenopause dengan bantuan dan suatu pendampingan dari keluarga, perimenopause akan mudah melakukan kemandiriannya pada kehidupan keseharian, sebab perimenopause akan merasa diberi perhatian dengan demikian bisa tergapai suatu kemandirian yang baik. Dalam memberikan bantuan pada para perimenopause supaya tetap mampu melakukan aktivitas, diperlukan sebuah dukungan dari keluarga. Fungsi keluarga menjadi sebuah bantuan yang dapat diterima oleh individu dari orang-orang tertentu pada kehidupannya dan ada pada lingkungan sosial tertentu, yang mampu membuat si penerima mempunyai rasa diberikan perhatian, dihargai dan dicintai. 18",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 384,
"width": 219,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, fungsi keluarga yang diperoleh responden berupa sikap dihormati dan dihargai oleh anggota keluarga, bersikap sabar dan bijaksana terhadap responden, sering menanyakan dan mendengarkan keluhan responden, memberikan motivasi untuk mengikuti kegiatan di luar rumah, memberikan motivasi untuk hidup bersih dan sehat, memberikan dorongan untuk memeriksakan kesehatan secara teratur, diikut sertakan dalam peristiwa penting keluarga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 550,
"width": 219,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Responden yang tidak mendapat Fungsi Keluarga ini disebabkan oleh beberapa hal: responden dengan status janda/duda yang tinggal sendiri, responden tinggal bersama pasangan dan sudah hidup terpisah dengan anak-anak yang sudah pergi merantau, dan bahkan ada responden yang tinggal berdampingan dengan anak-anak tetapi sudah tidak mendapat perhatian lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 680,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Variabel Motivasi Terhadap Kemandirian Perimenopause",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 714,
"width": 219,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Motivasi wanita perimenopause berpengaruh positif terhadap kemandirian, hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif 0,209317, sedangkan nilai T-Statistic",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sebesar 2,048239 dan signifikan pada α=5%. Nilai T-Statistic tersebut berada di atas nilai kritis (1,96). Motivasi wanita perimenopause berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap kemandirian. Hasil uji koefisien parameter antara motivasi terhadap kemandirian didapatkan pengaruh langsung sebesar 17,13%. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini ada pengaruh motivasi terhadap kemandirian sehingga parameter motivasi terhadap kemandirian dikatakan signifikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 233,
"width": 219,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian Antari menunjukan ada pengaruh yang positif antara motivasi lansia dengan kemandirian lansia. Dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 274,
"width": 219,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "melakukan kegiatan, motivasi dapat dikatakan sebagai keseluruhan daya penggerak di dalam diri individu yang menimbulkan rasa melakukan sesuatu, yang menjamin kelangsungan dari kegiatan dan yang memberikan arah pada kegiatan, sehingga tujuan yang dikehendaki oleh individu itu dapat tercapai. Dikatakan “keseluruhan”, karena pada umumnya ada beberapa motif yang bersama-sama menggerakkan seseorang untuk bertindak. 19",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 432,
"width": 219,
"height": 328,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Faktor yang juga mempengaruhi kemandirian sosial adalah motivasi perimenopause. Secara umum kondisi fisik seseorang yang telah memasuki masa lanjut usia mengalami penurunan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari beberapa perubahan. Perubahan penampilan pada bagian wajah, tangan, dan kulit. Perubahan bagian dalam tubuh seperti sistem saraf: otak, isi perut, limpa, hati. Perubahan panca indra seperti penglihatan, pendengaran, penciuman, perasa, dan perubahan motorik antara lain berkurangnya kekuatan, kecepatan dan belajar keterampilan baru. Perubahan-perubahan tersebut pada umumnya mengarah pada kemunduruan kesehatan fisik dan psikis yang akhirnya akan berpengaruh juga pada aktivitas ekonomi dan sosial mereka. Sehingga secara umum akan berpengaruh pada aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari. Secara Biologi, lanjut usia mengalami proses penuaan secara terus menerus yang ditandai dengan menurunnya daya fisik terhadap penyakit",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 391,
"top": 799,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "99",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, dengan adanya motivasi lansia dapat membantu meningkatkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 102,
"width": 220,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "keyakinan akan kemampuannya melakukan perawatan diri. Hasil penelitian tersebut menjelaskan motivasi merupakan serangkaian usaha untuk menyediakan kondisi-kondisi tertentu, sehingga seseorang mau dan ingin melakukan sesuatu, dan apabila ia tidak suka itu. Jadi, motivasi itu dapat dirangsang oleh faktor dari luar tetapi motivasi itu adalah tumbuh di dalam diri seseorang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 247,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Variabel Tidak Langsung",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 260,
"width": 219,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan Sosial Terhadap Kemandirian Lingkungan sosial berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap kemandirian.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 321,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil uji koefisien parameter antara lingkungan sosial terhadap kemandirian didapatkan pengaruh tidak langsung antara lingkungan sosial terhadap kemandirian melalui peran tokoh masyarakat, fungsi keluarga dan motivasi didapatkan nilai sebesar 0,72%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 424,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Apabila kebutuhan tersebut bisa terpenuhi, maka timbulah angan-angan untuk berfikir dan berusaha untuk mencapai bagaimana bisa terpenuhi kebutuhan tersebut misalnya makan, pakaian, tempat tinggal dan kesehatan. Wanita perimenopause bukanlah untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 521,
"width": 220,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengembalikan peran mereka sebagai pencari nafkah, melainkan bagaimana mempersiapkan mereka untuk dapat menikmati ruas akhir dari kehidupannya dengan kemandirian yang maksimal. Bila kemandirian menolong diri sendiri tanpa bantuan telah tercapai, maka masih banyak lahan kegiatan untuk para usia wanita menopause yang masih dapat digali dan dimunculkan. Eratnya ikatan kekeluargaan diantara anggota keluarga dan lingkungan sosial disekitarnya, memungkinkan seseorang usia lanjut selalu sibuk. Mulai dari menjaga cucu, mengikuti kegiatan keagamaan, mengembangkan hobi, aktif kegiatan sosial dan rumah tangga hingga usaha berdagang ataupun usaha lain menghasilkan tambahan penghasilan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, pemberian kesempatan dan menjadikan wanita perimenopause sebagai tempat bertanya (sesepuh) dapat menimbulkan perasaan berharga pada dirnya. Mengingat wanita perimenopause perlu mempersiapkan diri dalam memasuki fase yang baru sehingga lingkungan sosial yang baik diperlukan agar tidak mengalami depresi dalam beradaptasi dengan kondisi baru atau lingkungan baru tersebut. Lingkungan disinyalir mempunyai hubungan yang cukup berperan terhadap Kemandirian Perimenopause.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 260,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Antar Variabel Tidak Langsung Peran Tokoh Masyarakat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 288,
"width": 125,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terhadap Kemandirian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 308,
"width": 219,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran tokoh masyarakat berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap kemandirian. Hasil uji koefisien parameter antara peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap kemandirian didapatkan pengaruh tidak langsung antara peran tokoh masyarakat terhadap kemandirian melalui fungsi keluarga, maupun motivasi didapatkan nilai sebesar 0,44%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 438,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Purba menyatakan untuk menciptakan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 452,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "clean environmental management and good environmental governance , menuntut persyarat adanya keterbukaan, kesetaraan, partisipasi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat serta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 521,
"width": 67,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "akuntabilitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 521,
"width": 219,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lahirnya pembangunan partisipasi khususnya dalam pengelolaan peran serta",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 548,
"width": 219,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "masyarakat dalam penanggulangan bencana dilatarbelakangi oleh program, proyek dan kegiatan pembangunan yang selama ini dilakukan sering gagal. Peran serta masyarakat dalam penanggulangan bencana yang selama ini dikembangkan dan dipraktekkan cenderung mengarah pada dua pendekatan yang bertolak belakang yakni state-based dan community-based . Model state-based seringkali mengalami kegagalan atau hambatan hal tersebut dikarenakan model tidak fleksibel,lemah dalam kapasistas kelembagaan, kurang tepatnya disain dan implementasi serta kurangnya peran serta masyarakat. 20",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 797,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "45",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 799,
"width": 246,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021) 100",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, peran peran tokoh masyarakat dalam kemandirian perimenopause salah satunya adalah memfasilitasi perimenopause melalui kegiatan-kegiatan pemberdayaan, memberikan motivasi kepada",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 158,
"width": 220,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "perimenopause untuk tetap sehat, mandiri dan sejahtera, mengalihkan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan teknologi yang bersifat vokasional. Peran tokoh masyarakat lebih banyak yang terlibat adalah kader kesehatan sebagai ujung tombak di bidang kesehatan memiliki andil dalam usaha mengajak perimenopause untuk memanfaatkan Posbindu perimenopause.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 288,
"width": 220,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Antar Variabel Tidak",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 302,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Langsung Fungsi Keluarga Terhadap Kemandirian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 335,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fungsi keluarga berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap kemandirian.Hasil uji koefisien parameter antara fungsi keluarga terhadap kemandirian didapatkan pengaruh tidak langsung antara fungsi keluarga terhadap kemandirian melalui motivasi didapatkan nilai sebesar 0,29%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 438,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hal tersebut sejalan dengan hasil beberapa studi yang dirangkum oleh Pickett mengenai pola mortalitas menunjukkan bahwa lansia yang tinggal bersama lebih mungkin untuk bertahan hidup dan mempertahankan kemandirian mereka dibanding mereka yang hidup sendirian. Angka kematian untuk pria lansia secara substansial jauh lebih tinggi dibanding wanita lansia. Hidup menjanda atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 576,
"width": 219,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menduda mempunyai pengaruh jenis kelamin tertentu, meningkatka angka kematian pria yang ditinggalkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 623,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu fungsi keluarga adalah fungsi asih dimana antar anggota keluarga saling memberikan kasih sayang dan rasa aman, memberikan perhatian dan kehangatan terutama pada lansia yang mengalami penurunan kemampuan fisik. Dalam teori kepribadian menyatakan lansia (yang usianya diatas 60 tahun) merasa hidup mereka sudah dekat dengan akhir hayat dan pada masa ini kasih sayang dari lingkup",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "keluarga terdekat merupakan kenikmatan tersendiri. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perawatan oleh keluarga akan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 116,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menguntungkan tidak hanya secara fisik tapi juga psikologis lansia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 150,
"width": 219,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keluarga mempunyai empat peran utama dalam membantu Kemandirian Perimenopause, salah satunya adalah motivator yaitu dengan memberikan dukungan secara emosional, yang membuat lansia punya motivasi untuk dapat melakukan aktivitasnya semandiri mungkin. Contohnya, dengan memberikan pujian saat mampu mandi sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 280,
"width": 219,
"height": 287,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut asumsi peneliti, fungsi keluarga yang diperoleh responden berupa sikap dihormati dan dihargai oleh anggota keluarga, bersikap sabar dan bijaksana terhadap responden, sering menanyakan dan mendengarkan keluhan responden, memberikan motivasi untuk mengikuti kegiatan di luar rumah, memberikan motivasi untuk hidup bersih dan sehat, memberikan dorongan untuk memeriksakan kesehatan secara teratur, diikut sertakan dalam peristiwa penting keluarga. Responden yang tidak mendapat Fungsi Keluarga ini disebabkan oleh beberapa hal: responden dengan status janda/duda yang tinggal sendiri, responden tinggal bersama pasangan dan sudah hidup terpisah dengan anak-anak yang sudah pergi merantau, dan bahkan ada responden yang tinggal berdampingan dengan anak-anak tetapi sudah tidak mendapat perhatian lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 584,
"width": 55,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 603,
"width": 222,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa fungsi keluarga yang paling mempengaruhi kemandirian pada lansia Tahun 2017, dikarenakan fungsi keluarga adalah media pertama lansia dalam bersosialisai. Dimana Keluarga adalah kelompok yang mempunyai peranan yang amat penting dalam mengembangkan, mencegah, mengadaptasi, dan atau memperbaiki masalah kesehatan yang ditemukan dalam keluarga. Masalah kesehatan anggota keluarga amat terkait",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 799,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "46",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 33,
"width": 403,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JurnalIlmiahKebidanan (Scientific Journal of Midwifery), Vol.7., No 1 Tahun 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 799,
"width": 246,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Taufianie Rossita, et al, 2021) 101",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dengan berbagai masalah anggota keluarga lainnya, jika ada salah satu anggota keluarga yang bermasalah kesehatannya pasti akan mempengaruhi fungsi-fungsi keluarga tersebut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 164,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 177,
"width": 219,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kemenkes Ri, Profil Data Kesehatan Indonesia . Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Ri, 2012. Proverawati, Atikah Keperawatan Lanjut Usia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 211,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yogyakarta : Graha Ilmu. 2010",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 223,
"width": 219,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bappenas, Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. 2015.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 246,
"width": 219,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hawari, D. Menjaga Keseimbangan Kualitas Hidup Para Lanjut Usia, Panduan Gerontologi, Tinjauan Dari Berbagai Aspek. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 292,
"width": 219,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adriyani, A. Uji Keandalan Dan Kesahihan Indeks Activity Of Daily Living Barthel Untuk Mengukur Status Fungsional Dasar Pada Usia Lanjut Di Rscm. Tesis. Jakarta: Program Studi Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 361,
"width": 218,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rinajumita, Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kemandirian Lansia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lampasi Kecamatan Payakumbuh Utara Tahun 2011. Fakultas Kedokteran. Jurusan Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Andalas Padang. 2011. Darmojo, Geriatri (Ilmu",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 430,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesehatan Usia Lanjut). Jakarta: Fkui. 2012. Hadywinoto, Menjaga Keseimbangan Kualitas Hidup Para Lanjut Usia, Panduan Gerontologi, Tinjauan Dari Berbagai Aspek. Jakarta: Pt. Gramedia Pustaka Utama 2010.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 499,
"width": 219,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fatonah, Keperawatan Keluarga: Teori Dan Praktik. Edisi 5. Jakarta: Egc. 2006. Notoadmodjo, Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: Pt Rhineka Cipta. 2010. Sairin, Pengaruh, Lingkungan sosial, Peran Tokoh Masyarakat Terhadap Kemandirian Lansia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Darusalam Medan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 579,
"width": 178,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia Vol 8, 2011",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 591,
"width": 219,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yosep, Perbedaan Antara Tingkat Kemandirian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 603,
"width": 197,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lansia Yang Ada Di Keluarga Di Desa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 614,
"width": 219,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Temuroso Dengan Lansia Yang Ada Di Panti Wredha Pucang Gading Semarang. Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Dan Kesehatan. Jurusan Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang 2009. Suardiman, Pengaruh Faktor_Faktor Kesehatan, Ekonomi, Dan Hubungan Sosial Terhadap Kemandirian Orang Lanjut Usia. Skripsi. Surabaya: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 718,
"width": 121,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Universitas Airlangga. 2011.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 729,
"width": 219,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Erlinafsiah Gambaran Tingkat Kemandirian Dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 741,
"width": 197,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Activity Of Daily Living Dan Resiko Jatuh Pada",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 752,
"width": 197,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lansia Di Panti Sosial Tresna Wredha Budi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 74,
"width": 197,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mulia 01 Dan 03 Jakarta Timur. Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia.2010",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 97,
"width": 219,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Istriyati. Pengaruh Peran Tokoh Masyarakat Yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 109,
"width": 198,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dapat Mempengaruhi Kemandirian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 120,
"width": 197,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perimenopause. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 132,
"width": 113,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Universitas Airlangga 2012",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 143,
"width": 221,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siti Julita, Motivasi Instrinsik Dan Ektrinstik Terhadap Kesiapan Mental Wanita Pra Menopouse Menghadapi Menopouse Di Desa Tibang Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh. Jurnal Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia 2010 Nugroho, Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga, Motivasi Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Lansia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. Universitas Indonesia. 2008.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 247,
"width": 221,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kiki Novianty The Social Foundations Of Religious Meaning In Life Research On Aging. The Journals Of Gerontology . 30, 395- 427. 2014",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 293,
"width": 219,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Antari, Rasdini Dan Triyani. Pengaruh Yang Positif Antara Motivasi Lansia Dengan Kemandirian Lansia. Jurnal Universitas Negri Padang 2011",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 327,
"width": 219,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Purba, Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemanfaatan Posyandu Lansia Di Desa Jetis Kecamatan Karangrayung Kabupaten Grobogan. Tesis. Semarang: Program Studi Magister Promosi Kesehatan Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro 2012.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 396,
"width": 219,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pickett Pemanfaatnan Pos Pelayanan Terpadu Di Perumahan Pondok Cilegon Indah. Tangerang: Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Stikes Faletehan. Banten 2009",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 797,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 594,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "47",
"type": "Page footer"
}
] |
b48097f7-49e5-1eb6-1912-babcaa8f0aa6 | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JR/article/download/23243/12679 | [
{
"left": 245,
"top": 239,
"width": 105,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "luar Cover",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 42,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "ISSN 2407-0831",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 62,
"width": 233,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "JURNAL RESPIRASI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 100,
"width": 119,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "JR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 203,
"width": 153,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Volume 1, Nomor 1 Januari 2015",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 405,
"top": 258,
"width": 90,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "DAFTAR ISI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 287,
"width": 229,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Hubungan antara Obesitas dengan Penurunan Fungsi Faal Paru pada Polisi Wanita di Polda Jawa Timur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 325,
"width": 229,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Manajemen Pemberian Antibiotik dengan Hasil Uji Kepekaan Resisten",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 363,
"width": 229,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Seorang Laki-laki Usia 16 Tahun yang Mengalami Drowning dan Pneumotoraks Paska Pemasangan Ventilator Mekanik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 414,
"width": 196,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Terapi ARV pada Penderita Ko-Infeksi TB-HIV",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 439,
"width": 229,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Peranan Ultrasonografi Toraks dalam Menegakkan Diagnosis Beberapa Kelainan pada Paru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 57,
"width": 155,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Volume 1 Nomor 1 Januari 2015",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 482,
"top": 54,
"width": 67,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "ISSN 2407-0831",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 103,
"width": 184,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "JURNAL RESPIRASI",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 135,
"width": 54,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "JR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 202,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "SUSUNAN PENGURUS JURNAL RESPIRASI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 226,
"width": 204,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Pelindung: Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga Direktur RSUD Dr. Soetomo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 285,
"top": 274,
"width": 45,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Penasihat:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 183,
"top": 287,
"width": 250,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Wakil Dekan I, Wakil Dekan II, Wakil Dekan III Ketua Departemen Pulmonologi & Ilmu Kedokteran Respirasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 323,
"width": 152,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Ketua Redaksi/Penanggung Jawab: Winariani Koesoemoprodjo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 264,
"top": 359,
"width": 87,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Wakil Redaksi I: Isnin Anang Marhana",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 395,
"width": 77,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Wakil Redaksi II: Alfian Nur Rosyid",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 273,
"top": 431,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Penyunting Ahli",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 443,
"width": 482,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Muhammad Amin (Divisi Asma-PPOK FK Universitas Airlangga); Daniel Maranatha (Divisi Asma-PPOK FK Universitas Airlangga); Winariani Koesoemoprodjo (Divisi Paru Kerja FK Universitas Airlangga); Helmia Hasan (Divisi Alergi & Imunologi Paru FK Universitas Airlangga); Soedarsono (Divisi Infeksi Paru FK Universitas Airlangga); Isnu Pradjoko (Divisi Intervensi & Gawat Napas FK Universitas Airlangga); Laksmi Wulandari (Divisi Onkologi Paru FK Universitas Airlangga); Isnin Anang Marhana (Divisi Intervensi & Gawat Napas FK Universitas Airlangga); Resti Yudhawati (Divisi Alergi & Imunologi Paru FK Universitas Airlangga); Tutik Kusmiati (Divisi Infeksi Paru FK Universitas Airlangga)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 527,
"width": 40,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Reviewer",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 539,
"width": 482,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Isnin Anang Marhana (Divisi Intervensi & Gawat Napas FK Universitas Airlangga); Arief Bakhtiar (Divisi Asma-PPOK FK Universitas Airlangga); Resti Yudhawati (Divisi Alergi & Imunologi Paru FK Universitas Airlangga); Tutik Kusmiati (Divisi Infeksi Paru FK Universitas Airlangga); Anna Febriani (Divisi Onkologi Paru FK Universitas Airlangga); Ariani Permatasari (Divisi Paru Kerja FK Universitas Airlangga); Irmi Syafa’ah (Divisi Intervensi & Gawat Napas FK Universitas Airlangga); Alfian Nur Rosyid (Divisi Asma-PPOK FK Universitas Airlangga); Farah Fatmawati (Divisi Onkologi Paru FK Universitas Airlangga)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 634,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Penyunting Pelaksana:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 646,
"width": 337,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Laila Maulida Hidayah & Norma Dyanti Aisyah (Departemen Pulmonologi & Ilmu Kedokteran Respirasi-FK Universitas Airlangga)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 267,
"top": 676,
"width": 82,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Alamat Redaksi c/o:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 688,
"width": 259,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Departemen Pulmonologi & Ilmu Kedokteran Respirasi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga/RSUD Dr. Soetomo Jl. Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo 6-8 Surabaya 60286 Telp. (031) 5501661, Fax (031) 5501746 Website: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JR",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 233,
"top": 748,
"width": 149,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "E-mail: [email protected] CP: +6281249340825",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 57,
"width": 156,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Volume 1 Nomor 1 Januari 2015",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 468,
"top": 54,
"width": 67,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "ISSN 2407-0831",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 103,
"width": 184,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "JURNAL RESPIRASI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 135,
"width": 54,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "JR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 207,
"width": 57,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "DAFTAR ISI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 475,
"top": 232,
"width": 26,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Page",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 244,
"width": 410,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "1. Hubungan antara Obesitas dengan Penurunan Fungsi Faal Paru pada Polisi Wanita di Polda Jawa Timur",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 267,
"width": 422,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Christina Hardono, Benjamin Palgunadi Margono ......................................................................... 1-6",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 282,
"width": 303,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "2. Manajemen Pemberian Antibiotik dengan Hasil Uji Kepekaan Resisten",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 294,
"width": 428,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Deny Perdana Putra, Tutik Kusmiati ................................................................................................ 7-14",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 309,
"width": 413,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "3. Seorang Laki-laki Usia 16 Tahun yang Mengalami Drowning dan Pneumotoraks Paska",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 320,
"width": 433,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Pemasangan Ventilator Mekanik Ira Nurrasyidah, Winariani Koesoemoprodjo .................................................................................. 15-21",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 347,
"width": 210,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "4. Terapi ARV pada Penderita Ko-Infeksi TB-HIV",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 359,
"width": 435,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Indana Eva Ajmala, Laksmi Wulandari ............................................................................................ 22-28",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 373,
"width": 453,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "5. Peranan Ultrasonografi Toraks dalam Menegakkan Diagnosis Beberapa Kelainan pada Paru Erwin Winaya, Winariani Koesoemoprodjo ...................................................................................... 29-39",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 827,
"width": 476,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "Printed by: Airlangga University Press . (072/04.14/AUP-B3E). Kampus C Unair, Jln. Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115, Indonesia. Telp.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 838,
"width": 373,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 609,
"page_height": 870,
"text": "(031) 5992246, 5992247, Telp./Fax. (031) 5992248. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]",
"type": "Page footer"
}
] |
e7ce09f8-4fd0-89ae-c9d8-a6d9c272aefc | https://jurnal.fp.unila.ac.id/index.php/JTP/article/download/1308/1206 | [
{
"left": 358,
"top": 66,
"width": 180,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Teknik Pertanian LampungVol.5, No. 2: 67-72",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 784,
"width": 377,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 81,
"width": 451,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STUDI PENGGUNAAN KMn UNTUK MEMPERPANJANG UMUR SIMPAN PISANG MULI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 135,
"width": 409,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STUDIES ON THE USE OF KMn TO EXTEND THE SHELF LIFE OF BANANAS MULI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 179,
"width": 295,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ani Dahlia 1 , Agus Haryanto 2 , Diding Suhandy 2 1 Mahasiswa Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung 2 Dosen Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung komunikasi penulis, e-mail : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 244,
"width": 254,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Naskah ini diterima pada 01 Mei 2016; revisi pada 14 Mei 2016; disetujui untuk dipublikasikan pada 20 Mei 2016",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 286,
"top": 280,
"width": 52,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 308,
"width": 453,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of KMn Asoxidizingethylene and to evaluate the effective of KMn to extend the shelf life of bananas. This research was conductedusing a single treatment with four levels of giving mass that is 1 g, 5g, 10g, and a control without KMn, with ranges of banana’s weight was 400g. The result of the research showing that KMnasan oxidizingethylenebythe carrierfroma mixture of clayandrice husk ashin the storage ofbananas has positive influencein the process ofstorage. The most effective treatment is 5 gram satseven days of shelf life and KMn which is placed beside the material is not effectively used because it can not completely absorbethylene.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 406,
"width": 213,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : KMnO4, banana, ethylene, clay, shelf life.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 286,
"top": 430,
"width": 51,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 465,
"width": 454,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhKMn di dalam media pembawa sebagai oksidator etilen pada buah pisang muli dan menguji efektivitas KMn di dalam media pembawa pada penyimpanan pisang muli. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan satu perlakuan pemberian massa dengan empat taraf pemberian massa yaitu 1 g, 5 g, 10 g, dan satu kontrol dengan tidak diberikan media simpan, dengan berat pisang berkisar kurang lebih 400 g. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa KMn sebagai oksidator etilen dalam media pembawa dari campuran tanah liat dan abu sekam padi dalam penyimpanan buah pisang berpengaruh positif dalam proses penyimpanan. Perlakuan yang paling efektif yaitu 5 gram dengan umur simpan tujuh hari dan media simpan yang diletakkan disamping bahan tidak efektif digunakan karena diduga tidak dapat menyerap etilen secara sempurna.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 587,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : KMn, pisang, etilen, tanah liat, umur simpan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 629,
"width": 80,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 648,
"width": 221,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pisang merupakan tanaman hortikultura dan termasuk tanaman pekarangan rumah masyarakat pedesaan, selain dipekarangan rumah pisang juga banyak ditanam pada pematang-pematang sawah atau tegalan. Mudahnya perawatan tanaman pisang tersebut akan memotivasi masyarakat untuk membudidayakan tanaman pisang. Kegunaan pisang juga dapat dijadikan sebagai pelengkapmakanan pokok karena pisang dapat mengenyangkan orang yang mengonsumsinya. Pada tahun 2013, tingkat produksi pisang di Provinsi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 649,
"width": 217,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lampung mencapai 678.492 ton/tahun (BPS, 2013). Pisang temasuk buah klimakterik yaitu suatu periode mendadak yang unik bagi buah pisang, dimana selama proses ini terjadi serangkaian perubahan biologis yang diawali dengan proses pembuatan etilen. Proses ini ditandai dengan mulainya proses kematangan. Buah- buahan yang tidak pernah mengalami periode tersebut digolongkan ke dalam golongan non klimakterik. Selain buah pisang, yang termasuk buah klimakterik yaitu tomat, mangga, alpukat, peach , pear , dan pepaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 780,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "68",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 66,
"width": 314,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi penggunaan KMnO4 untuk memperpanjang...... (Ani D, Agus Haryanto dan Diding S)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 84,
"width": 218,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan buah yang termasuk non klimakterik yaitu timun, limau, semangka, jeruk, nanas, dan arbei. Terdapat dua teori yang menerangkan terjadi fase klimakterik yaitu teori perubahan fisik dan teori perubahan kimia. Teori perubahan fisik, klimakterik disebabkan adanya perubahan permeabilitas dari jaringan, kemudian dengan teori perubahan kimia yaitu setelah ditambahkan senyawa asam malat, kenaikan produksi C terjadi pada buah yang mengalami fase klimakterik, kejadian ini disebut mallate effect . (Zuidar, 2000). Pada fase ini perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi pada pisang akan terjadi dengan cepat. Masa simpan pisang yang telah mencapai fase klimakterik relatif singkat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 268,
"width": 218,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk dapat memperpanjang umur simpan pisang maka diperlukan pengendalian pelepasan etilen dari buah pisang. Etilen adalah senyawa hidrokarbon tidak jenuh yang pada suhu kamar berbentuk gas. Ternyata etilen dapat dihasilkan oleh jaringan tanaman hidup pada waktu-waktu tertentu. Senyawa ini dapat menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan-perubahan penting dalam pematangan-pematangan hasil pertanian. Etilen adalah suatu gas yang dalam kehidupan tanaman dapat digolongkan sebagai hormon yang aktif dalam proses pematangan. Etilen disebut hormon karena dapat memenuhi persyaratan sebagai hormon, yaitu dihasilkan oleh tanaman, bersifat mobil dalam jaringan tanaman, dan merupakan senyawa organik. Reaksi yang dapat menghasilkan etilen yaitu proses sintesis etilen dengan pendekatan secara enzimatis (Zuidar, 2000).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 485,
"width": 218,
"height": 221,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi emisi etilen yaitu dengan menghambat emisi etilen. Pengendalian dengan cara menghambat emisi etilen yaitu penyimpanan yang tepat dan sesuai untuk memperpanjang umur simpan dan mempertahankan kualitas mutu buah. Kemasan Atmosfir Termodifikasi (MAP) merupakan salah satu teknik yang ideal dan dikenal mempunyai potensi yang besar untuk memperpanjang umur simpan pasca panen pisang dengan kalium permanganat sachet sebagai penyerap etilen yang digunakan dalam MAP sebagai penyerap produksi etilen endogen (Pradhana dkk., 2013).Sedangkan untuk mengurangi emisi etilen dengan menyerap etilennya yaitu dengan cara oksidasi etilen dengan menggunakan KMn . Sifat dari KMnyaituu bersifat racun yang dapat merugikan manusia sehingga diperlukan media pembawa agar tidak berkontak langsung dengan bahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 716,
"width": 218,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media pembawaKMn yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu campuran tanah liat dan abu sekam padi. Tanah liat dapat digunakan sebagai adsorbent, katalis, penukar ion, reagent pehilangan warna, dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 84,
"width": 220,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "lain-lain, yang tergantung pada sifat-sifat spesifiknya. Sedangkan komponen kimia yang terkandung pada abu sekam padi yang paling dominan yang dihasilkan yaitu Si sebesar 72,28% dan senyawa hilang pijar sebesar 21,43%. Sedangkan persentase kandungan senyawa CaO, , dan , tergolong sangat rendah yaitu masing-masing sebesar 0,65%, 0,37%, dan 0,32% (Bakri, 2008).Sehingga diharapkan penggunaan KMndalam campuran tanah liat dan abu sekam padi untuk oksidator etilen dapat memperpanjang umur simpan pisang muli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh KMndalam campuran tanah liat dan abu sekam padisebagai oksidator etilen pada buah pisang muli dan menguji efektivitas KMn dalam campuran tanah liat dan abu sekam padi pada penyimpanan pisang muli.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 288,
"width": 139,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 306,
"width": 218,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung pada bulan Maret-Mei 2015. Bahan yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini meliputi buah pisang segar yang dipanen saat pisang sudah mencapai tingkat dewasa mendekati matang, larutan KMn , tanah liat dan abu sekam padi sebagai media pembawa KMn, kain paris sebagai kain pembungkus, benang, kotak kardus, kertas label, dan aquades.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 431,
"width": 218,
"height": 337,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tanah liat yang diperoleh pada umumnya dalam keadaan basah. Sehingga perlu dikeringkan dengan dijemur.Tanah liat kering digerus menggunakan alat bantu diskmill dan hasilnya tanah liat hancur, bertekstur kecil dan terasa halus.Tanah liat dan abu sekam dengan perbandingan 900 gram tanah liat dan 300 gram abu sekam dengan air secukupnya dibuat granul dengan menggunakan granulator. Media simpan yang sudah berbentuk granul selanjutnya dioven pada suhu 105ºC selama 24 jam dan dibakar di dalam tanur sampai suhu 550ºC selama 2 jam. Tujuannya yaitu agar sifat fisik dari media simpan yang dibuat lebih baik, antara lain kekuatan dan kekerasan.KMn4%(16 gram) dilarutkan dalam aquades sebanyak 400 ml. Kemudian diaduk secara perlahan sampai merata (15 menit) kemudian diendapkan selama 24 jam agar kondisi larutan KMn benar-benar merata. Setelah larutan KMn diendapkan selama 24 jam, media simpan dicelupkan pada larutan KMn secara merata (10 menit) kemudian diangin- anginkan agar semua permukaan kering.Media simpan dimasukkan dalam kain pembungkus (kain paris yang sudah dipotong dengan ukuran 15cm x 15 cm) dan dijahit dengan benang agar media simpan terbungkus dengan massa 1 gram, 5 gram, 10 gram, tujuan pembungkusan yaitu agar media simpan tidak bersentuhan langsung dengan pisang pada saat proses penyimpanan.Pisang yang akan dilakukan pengujian disimpan ke dalam kotak dengan panjang 32 cmdan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 66,
"width": 180,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Teknik Pertanian LampungVol.5, No. 2: 67-72",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 784,
"width": 377,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "69",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 84,
"width": 220,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "lebar 25 cm dengan massa pisang kurang lebih 400 gram dalam satu kotak, kemudian media simpan yang sudah terbungkus dimasukkan ke dalam kotak tersebut dengan diletakkan disamping pisang dan dipastikan tidak akan bersentuhan langsung dengan bagian pisang, setelah itu kotak ditutup..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 156,
"width": 220,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari satu perlakuan pemberian massa dengan empat taraf yaitu 1 g, 5 g, dan 10 g, dan satu kontrol, dengan massa pisang kurang lebih 400 g. Selanjutnya akan dilakukan pengujian KMn di dalam media simpan yaitu perubahan warna kulit buah akan dinilai dengan menggunakan program pengolahan citra digital dengan memperoleh hasil nilai RGB.Proses pengambilan gambar dengan menggunakan bantuan box hitam yang sudah dirangkai yang didalamnya sudah terdapat lampu LED untuk menerangi pisang saat pengambilan gambar buah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 309,
"width": 133,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 338,
"width": 80,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1 Umur Simpan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 355,
"width": 341,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Analisis Sidik Ragam Umur Simpan SK D b JK Kt F h itu ng P r > F Model 3 5 0,1 8 1 6,7 2 47 ,24 < .00 01 Erro r 1 2 4 ,25 0 ,35 Co rrected Total 1 5 5 4,4 3",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 84,
"width": 219,
"height": 217,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pisang tersebut, lapisan bawah untuk meletakkan pisang dengan menggunakan kertas berwarna hitam dengan tujuan dapat semakin memperjelas warna pisang saat diambil gambarnya. Selain itu, pengambilan gambarnya menggunakan camera digital dengan cara memasukkan bagian kepala camera pada lubang atas kotak yang disediakan untuk pengambilan gambar. Namun posisi peletakkan bahan yang akan diambil gambarnya tidak selalu pada posisi yang sama. Kemudian, pengukuran susut bobot buah dengan membandingkan bobot masing-masing sebelum perlakuan dan setelah penelitian berakhir dengan menggunakan neraca ohaus. Terakhir yaitu kekerasanbuah diukur dengan menggunakan rheometer . Buah yang diletakkan pada alat dalam posisi ditusukkan jarum rheometer ditusukkan pada tiga tempat, ujung, tengah, dan pangkal buah. Ketiga data yang diperoleh kemudian diambil rata-ratanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 573,
"width": 218,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis sidik ragam (Tabel 1) yaitu interaksi antara pengaruh pemberianKMn di dalam media simpan terhadap umur simpan buah yaitu berpengaruh nyata dengan nilai probabilitas (<,0001). Dikarenakan nilai probabilitasnya<,0001 yang berarti berpengaruh nyata kemudian dilakukan uji DMRT ( Duncan’s Multiple Range Test ) untuk mengetahui perlakuan yang terbaik. Pemberian KMn di dalam media simpan dengan beberapa tingkatan jumlah media simpan mempengaruhi umur simpan terhadap semua perlakuan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 720,
"width": 218,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dilihat dari hasil analisis uji DMRT umur simpan (Tabel 2) menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang mempunyai umur simpan paling lama yaitu perlakuan P2 (5 gram) Selain itu, umur simpan pada buah dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 457,
"width": 80,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Uji DMRT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 473,
"width": 314,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Duncan Grouping Mean(hari) N Fak1 A 6,75 4 P2 B 4,75 4 P3 C 3,25 4 P1 D 2,0 4 P0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 577,
"width": 218,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dipengaruhi oleh posisi buah pisang dalam satu tandan, seperti yang dinyatakan Antarlina dkk., (2005) pada sisir pertama (pangkal) buah lebih cepat matang dibandingkan dengan buah pada sisir selanjutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 637,
"width": 218,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pematangan pada buah pisang bermula dari pangkal buah dalam satu tandan. Sedangkan ukuran fisik buah pisang relatif mengecil setelah sisir pertama (bagian pangkal tandan). Selain itu suhu juga sangat mempengaruhi proses penyimpanan, semakin rendah suhu akan semakin memperpanjang umur simpan sedangkan semakin tinggi suhu akan semakin mempercepat umur simpan. Seperti halnya ruangan yang digunakan untuk penyimpanan penelitian ini mempunyai suhu yang tinggi yaitu mencapai suhu awal 30,9ºC kemudian menurun dengan suhu antara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 780,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "70",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 66,
"width": 314,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi penggunaan KMnO4 untuk memperpanjang...... (Ani D, Agus Haryanto dan Diding S)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 84,
"width": 218,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "27ºC atau 28ºC,RH yang diperoleh pada awal penelitian ini yaitu hanya berkisar 69,8% kemudian naik 96% sampai pada akhir penyimpanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 132,
"width": 218,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal lain yang diduga mempengaruhi umur simpan adalah penggunaan media simpan sebagai oksidator etilen yang tidak berfungsi secara sempurna. Hal itu bisa disebabkan karena posisi peletakkanKMn dii dalam media simpan pada kotak tidak sesuai sehingga hasil penyerapan etilen tidak terlalu maksimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 220,
"width": 218,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gas etilen pada umumnya cenderung naik ke atas, sedangkan peletakkan media simpan terletak di",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 134,
"width": 102,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1 Perubahan Warna",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 152,
"width": 218,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perubahan warna pada proses penyimpanan buah pisang muli ditentukan dengan nilai RGB yaitu nilai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 426,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 176,
"width": 220,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Red (Merah), Green (Hijau), dan Blue (Biru) dalam program pengolahan citra digital. Hasil pengukuran perubahan warna pada buah pisang dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1. Pada Gambar 1. terdapat tiga gambar warna yaitu a. warna hijau ( Green ), b. Warna Merah ( Red ), dan c. Warna Biru ( Blue ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 84,
"width": 219,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "samping buah pisang, sehingga saat gas etilen keluar tidak dapat diserap dengan sempurna, karena posisi media simpan sebagai oksidator etilen berada di samping buah bukan di atas buah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 262,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 576,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 719,
"width": 302,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Perubahan warna buah pisang yang disimpan pada hari ke 1-7 a. Hijau, b. Merah, dan c. Biru",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 66,
"width": 180,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Teknik Pertanian LampungVol.5, No. 2: 67-72",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 784,
"width": 377,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "71",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 84,
"width": 219,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dilihat dari hasil pengukuran nilai RGB menunjukkan hasil berbeda-beda. Pada hasil pengukuran nilai Green (Gambar 13) menunjukkan bahwa semakin buah pisang matang nilai green akan semakin menurun, yaitu perubahan warna dari hijau ke kuning. Seperti pada penelitian Sari (2004) yaitu indek hijau ( green ) memiliki hubungan yang nyata dengan sifat fisik dan kimiapisang karena pada warna kulit pisang saat kematangan terjadi degradasi warna hijauke kuning. Sehingga nilai Green akan menurun.Sedangkan untuk grafik nilai Red ( Gambar 14) dan Blue (Gambar 15) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidakkonsistenan antara naik dan turunnya nilai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 297,
"width": 218,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis sidik ragam (Tabel 3) menunjukkan bahwa pemberian media simpan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap susut bobot buah pisang muli dengan nilai probabilitas (0,48) lebih besar dari 0,05. Pemberian media simpan dengan beberapa tingkatan jumlah media simpan tidak mempengaruhi susut bobot terhadap semua perlakuan. Dikarenakan tidak berpengaruh nyata, oleh karena itu tidak dilakukan uji lanjut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 417,
"width": 218,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil pengukuran rata-rata susut bobot secara umum jumlah kehilangan susut bobot pada perlakuan yaitu 14% selama tujuh hari, sehingga susut bobot yang terjadi per harinya yaitu 2%. Sama halnya pada penelitian Tursiska (2007) pisang raja bulu yang disimpan dalam suhu ruang selama sepuluh hari mengalami susut buah sebesar 21,44%, sehingga susut bobot yang terjadi per harinya yaitu sebesar 2,14%. Nilai susut bobot diharapkan dibawah 3% karena nilai susut bobot berbanding lurus dengan tingkat kelayuan buah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 86,
"width": 94,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.3 Kekerasan Buah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 111,
"width": 205,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis sidik ragam kekerasan buah pisang muli dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 665,
"width": 240,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Analisis sidik ragam kekerasan buah pisang muli",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 555,
"width": 175,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Analisis sidik ragam susut bobot",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 246,
"width": 76,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2 Susut Bobot",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 271,
"width": 218,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis sidik ragam susut bobot buah pisang muli dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 139,
"width": 218,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis sidik ragam (Tabel 4) menunjukkan bahwaKMn didalam media simpan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kekerasan buah dengan nilai probabilitasnya (0,87) lebih besar dari 0,05. Dikarenakan tidak berpengaruh nyata, oleh karena itu tidak dilakukan uji lanjut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 228,
"width": 218,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil pengukuran nilai kekerasan menunjukkan nilai 2,41 N. Sedangkan pada penelitian Jannah (2008) kekerasan menunjukkan nilai 1.08 N, dari hasil pengukuran nilai kekerasan dua penelitian ini terdapat perbedaan nilai. Menurut Robinson (1996) menyatakan jika nilai rasio daging dan kulit buah lebih dari satu menunjukkan buah pisang telah memasuki tahap klimakterik. Pada tahap ini nilai rasio daging buah akan naik drastis, sedangkan nilai rasio kulit buah akan menurun. Sehingga pada penelitian ini dapat dikatakan buah pisang sudah memasuki tahap klimakterik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 384,
"width": 218,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan media pembawa KMn pada penyimpanan buah pisang berpengaruh positif dapat memperpanjang umur simpan buah pisang hanya saja tidak efektif dilakukan karena pertambahan umur simpan yang dihasilkan hanya dalam waktu yang sebentar yaitu hanya tujuh hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 479,
"width": 132,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IV. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 568,
"width": 133,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SK Db JK",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 568,
"width": 336,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kt F hitung Pr > F Model 3 15.47 5.15 0.88 0.48 Error 12 70.68 5.88 Corrected Total 15 86.08",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 680,
"width": 11,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SK",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 680,
"width": 336,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Db JK Kt F hitung Pr > F Model 3 4,31 1,43 0,24 0,87 Error 12 73,31 6,10 Corrected Total 15 77,62",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 507,
"width": 71,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.1 Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 529,
"width": 218,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KMn sebagai oksidator etilen di dalam media pembawa dari campuran tanah liat dan abu sekam padi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 780,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "72",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 66,
"width": 314,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi penggunaan KMnO4 untuk memperpanjang...... (Ani D, Agus Haryanto dan Diding S)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 84,
"width": 218,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dalam penyimpanan buah pisang berpengaruh positif dalam proses penyimpanan dan mampu memperpanjang umur simpan sampai dengan tujuh hari. Perlakuan yang paling efektif yaitu perlakuan 5 gram dengan umur simpan tujuh hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 165,
"width": 46,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2 Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 177,
"width": 218,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran dari penelitian ini yaitu melakukan penelitian lanjutan tentang posisi peletakkan media pembawa yang sesuai dan tepat dalam proses penyimpanan dan gunakan tingkat kematangan buah yang seragam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 238,
"width": 81,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 263,
"width": 218,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Antarlina, S.S., H. Dj. Noor, S. Umar, dan I. Noor. 2005. Karakteristik Buah pisang Lahan Rawa Lebak Kalimantan Selatan serta Upaya Perbaikan Mutu Tepungnya. J. Hort . 15(2):140-150.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 335,
"width": 218,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bakri. 2008. Komponen Kimia dan Fisik Abu Sekam Padi sebagai SCM untuk Pembuatan Komposit Semen. J. Perennial . 5(1):9-14.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 382,
"width": 218,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BPS. 2013. Produksi Buah-buahan Menurut Provinsi . Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 431,
"width": 218,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pradhana, A.Y., R. Hasbullah, dan Y.A. Purwanto. 2013. Pengaruh Penambahan Kalium Permanganat terhadap Mutu Pisang (CV Mas Kirana) pada Kemasan Atmosfir Termodifikasi Aktif. J. Pascapanen . 10(2):83-94.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 515,
"width": 218,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Robinson, J.C. 1999. Bananas and Plantains. CABI Publishing. New York. 238 p.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 551,
"width": 218,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tursiska, S. 2007. Pengaruh Suhu Simpan dan Lama Simpan terhadap Mutu Buah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 575,
"width": 176,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pisang Raja Bulu Setelah Pemeraman. Skripsi. Departemen Teknik Pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 622,
"width": 217,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zuidar, A.S.2000. Fisiologi Pasca Panen . Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung. 95 halaman.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
e1abfb2f-c3b1-ce9e-4b91-032196a92f00 | https://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/AdMathEdust/article/download/17198/8786 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2355-8199",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 38,
"width": 185,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AdMathEduSt Vol.4 No.10 Oktober 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "574",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 74,
"width": 435,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DEVELOPING MATHEMATICS STUDENT WORKSHEET BASED ON CONTEXTUAL IN MATERIAL TRIGONOMETRY ON THE X GRADE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 134,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aulia Hakim Yuslima a) , Sumargiyani b)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 149,
"width": 293,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Jalan Ring Road Selatan, Tamanan, Banguntapan, Bantul Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 175,
"width": 250,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) [email protected] , b) [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 204,
"width": 60,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 232,
"width": 443,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The background study of this research is the school still at least worksheets based on contextual in the mathematics subject in the x grade of senior high school. This research uses design research to design a worksheet. The aims of this research are to develop a worksheet based on contextual and to know the validity criteria in material aspect, media aspect, and student's response. This research uses R & D research. The development of the worksheet includes: (a) gathering information, (b) design for worksheet, (c) doing validity in the expert, and (d) doing revision. For the proper of the worksheet includes: (a) tested, (b) analyze data, and (c) the proper of worksheet criteria. The subject of this research are the matter expert, media expert, mathematics teacher, and the students. This research using descriptive-quantitative data to describe the suggests from the matter expert, media expert, mathematics teacher, and the students through worksheets based on contextual which is developed. The result of this research can develop a worksheet based on contextual in trigonometry of x grade students. The mean of this result is 114,333 and the highest score is 130 in very good criteria for material aspect. In the media aspect, the mean is 101 and the highest score is 110 in very good criteria. In the student's response, the mean of the cluster score is 110,03 and the highest score is 130 in very good criteria. This result shows that the worksheet can be used for teaching and learning.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 454,
"width": 274,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: development of worksheet, contextual, trigonometry.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 482,
"width": 87,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 496,
"width": 443,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mathematics is a branch of knowledge about calculations, logic, numbers, quantitative facts, quantities, and spaces that can help humans to solve a problem. According to Sujana (1989: 2) states that \"Many people claim that mathematics is difficult to understand. As if mathematics divides humans into two groups, the first group consists of people who are interested and can do mathematics, while the second group of members are people who are not interested and cannot do mathematics \".",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 565,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "One branch of mathematics is trigonometry. According to Rusgiyanto (2008: iii), the term Trigonometry comes from two Greek words, namely \"Trigonom\" which means triangle and \"Metron\" which means measurement. Therefore trigonometry means the study of triangular elements as objects of scientific study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 621,
"width": 442,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to the results of interviews with the mathematics teacher resource X Grade L 1 SMA Lendah and SMA N 1 Srandakan, it was found that there was still a lack of interest in students to study mathematics. The lack of interest in learning mathematics in these students certainly cannot be separated from several problems. The problem, according to observations in the two schools, was found that there are still not many variations of mathematics learning books to foster students' interest in learning.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 704,
"width": 442,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To increase the variety of learning resources available, research on the development of contextual worksheets based on trigonometric material of Class X Senior High School was carried out. According to the Ministry of National Education (2008: 13), Student activity sheets are sheets of assignments that must be done by students. The contents of the worksheet are learning instructions, a summary of learning material, assignments that students must complete, and practice questions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2355-8199",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 38,
"width": 185,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AdMathEduSt Vol.4 No.10 Oktober 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "575",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 442,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to the Ministry of National Education (2008: 24), the LKS structure is generally divided into titles, student learning instructions, competencies to be achieved, supporting information, tasks and work steps, and assessment.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 115,
"width": 443,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Contextual based is used to give students experience of real-life problems that can be solved using trigonometry. According to Komalasari, Kokom (2010: 7) contextual learning is a learning approach that links material learned with real-life students' daily lives, both in the family, school, community and citizen environment, with the aim of finding the meaning of the material for their lives. According to the Directorate General of Primary and Secondary Education (in Komalasari, Kokom 2010: 11) mentions seven main components of contextual learning, namely (a) constructivism, (b) discovering, (c) asking, (d) learning communities. (e) modeling, and (f) reflection. Using this contextual basis is expected to increase students' interest in learning mathematics.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 226,
"width": 443,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the description above, the goal in developing contextual based mathematical worksheet trigonometry of Class X SMA is to make a prototype and test the feasibility of the worksheet.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METHODS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 281,
"width": 442,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The subjects of this study were material experts, media experts, Class X high school mathematics teachers, and Class X high school students. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis to present input from material experts, media experts, teachers, and students.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 323,
"width": 442,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The feasibility of LKS can be known after data analysis. After analyzing it can be seen that the worksheet is included in the feasible or improper category. If it is feasible, then it can be tested on students. After the trial is conducted the students give a response to the worksheet that has been used by using the assessment sheet that has been provided. Then an analysis using Sukarjo's ideal assessment criteria (2006: 53). The steps of LKS testing are in accordance with research conducted by Dian Suci Endaryani (2013). Whereas to develop worksheets with trigonometry material, teaching materials are described in accordance with the Competency Standards (SK) and Basic Competencies (KD) of the Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP) 2006 used at the school.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 434,
"width": 432,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research includes research and development (Research and Development). According to Sugiyono (2016: 407), research and development which is often abbreviated as R&D is a research method used to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products. The product, in this case, is contextual based LKS mathematics trigonometric material Class X SMA. The steps to use the R&D method as shown in Figure 1 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 676,
"width": 416,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Picture 1. Steps for using the Research and Development (R & D) Method (Sugiyono, 2016: 409)",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 703,
"width": 442,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on Figure 1, the first step in this research is to look for potential and problems by observation in SMA N 1 Lendah and SMA N 1 Srangkap. The second stage is collecting data such as collecting data from observations and collecting data from curriculum analysis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 744,
"width": 443,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The third stage is product design where researchers begin to create contextual-based LKS products that begin by determining Competency Standards (SK) and Basic Competencies (KD), and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 507,
"width": 57,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "potential and problems",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 509,
"width": 41,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data collection",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 508,
"width": 311,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Product design Design validation Design revision Product trials Product revision trial run Product revision mass production",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2355-8199",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 38,
"width": 185,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AdMathEduSt Vol.4 No.10 Oktober 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "576",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 442,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indicators of achievement. Furthermore, arranging a series of worksheets starts from the front page cover design, worksheet identity design, content design worksheets, cover design, and backyard worksheet designs. After compiling a series of worksheets then create worksheets by applying these designs to the actual appearance using computer software namely Microsoft Office Word 2007 and Corel Draw X6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 143,
"width": 443,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The fourth step is design validation by consulting LKS products with material experts and media experts. In this validation stage, there are still many errors in this contextual-based worksheet. These errors include the cover page that does not include the basis used, the learning instructions are still confusing, the concept map with writing letters too small, SK, KD, and teaching material that is not appropriate, the understandings and definitions contained in the material in the worksheet still exist Inappropriate, problems or problems in the worksheet do not meet the criteria of the contextual approach, and there are writings and images in the worksheet that are not clear.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 240,
"width": 442,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The fifth stage is the revision of LKS products from the advice given by material experts and media experts. The sixth stage is product trials which in this study involved 10 students from each sample class in SMA N 1 Lendah and SMA N 1 Srandakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 281,
"width": 442,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The seventh stage is the revision of LKS products after the product trials are carried out. Product revision at this stage was not carried out because there were no deficiencies found during the product trial. The eighth stage is the use of tests conducted in one sample class in each of the two schools. This trial use involved all 56 students.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 337,
"width": 443,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The ninth stage is the revision of LKS products at a glance because there were no shortcomings or negative input from students in the trial use. The tenth stage is mass production which in this study only produced 18 LKS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 379,
"width": 443,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The steps to use the R&D method are also in accordance with research conducted by Gunawan Budi Utomo (2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 421,
"width": 143,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 434,
"width": 443,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The research practice that has been carried out has succeeded in developing a contextual mathematics LKS based on the trigonometric material of Class X SMA This research development is carried out based on the steps of using research and development (R&D). After the LKS Product has been finished, the product is validated by expert lecturers who are divided into material experts and media experts and mathematics teachers of Class X High School. Furthermore, after the product has been validated, the product is assessed according to technical analysis of the data where the assessment data is obtained from material experts, media experts, mathematics teachers of Class X High Schools, and Class X High School students in both schools. Assessment is done by giving an assessment questionnaire to material experts and mathematics teachers in Class X in the form of material assessment instruments. Giving an assessment questionnaire to media experts and mathematics teachers of Class X High School in the form of media aspects assessment instruments. Finally, giving an assessment questionnaire to Class X high school students in the form of student response test instruments. Analysis of the Assessment of Material Aspects is carried out by one material expert lecturer and two Class X mathematics teachers. The results of the product quality assessment calculation from the material aspects can be seen in Table 1 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 643,
"width": 300,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1 . Results of Calculation of Product Aspect Evaluation Products",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 183,
"top": 657,
"width": 234,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No. Evaluator Score 1. Expert Material 1 (Lecturer) 109 2. Expert Material 2 (Teacher) 107 3. Expert Material 3 (Teacher) 127 Total 343 Average 114,333 Quantitative Data Criteria (Positive statement) Very good",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2355-8199",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 38,
"width": 185,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AdMathEduSt Vol.4 No.10 Oktober 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "577",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 442,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the product quality assessment above, it shows that the LKS product based on the context on trigonometric material of Class X SMA was assessed from the material aspects included in the very well used criteria.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 115,
"width": 442,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Assessment Analysis of the Media Aspect is carried out by one media expert lecturer and two mathematics teachers. The results of product quality research calculations from the media aspects can be seen in the following Table 2:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 156,
"width": 342,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2. Results of Calculation of Product Aspect Assessment of Media Aspects",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 195,
"top": 171,
"width": 216,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No. Evaluator Score 1. Media Expert 1 (Lecturer) 104 2. Media Expert 2 (Teacher) 94 3. Media Expert 3 (Teacher) 105 Total 303 Average 101 Quantitative Data Criteria (Positive statement) Very good",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 298,
"width": 443,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the product quality assessment above, it shows that the LKS product based on the context of trigonometry material in Class X SMA was assessed from the aspect of the media included in the very well used criteria.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 340,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Assessment Analysis of Student Response to Contextual-based LKS products is known from the results of a questionnaire that has been filled out by students when testing the use of LKS trials takes place. Students who responded were 56 students from the two schools. The results of students' response calculations can be seen in the following Table 3:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 396,
"width": 329,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 3. Results Calculation Calculation of Student Questionnaire Responses",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 199,
"top": 410,
"width": 210,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No. Evaluator Score 1. Class X - A SMA N 1 Lendah 58,125 2. Class X - 2 of SMA N 1 Srandakan 51,905 Average amount 110,03 Quantitative Data Criteria (Positive statement) Very good",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 523,
"width": 442,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the calculation results of students' responses questionnaire, showed that the product in the form of student worksheets based on contextual trigonometric material Class X SMA included in good criteria.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 565,
"width": 442,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Joint Assessment Analysis is carried out after the results of the calculation of aspects, media, and students' responses are known, then the results of the assessment are combined to determine the feasibility of contextual based LKS products produced as a whole. The results of the combined valuation calculations can be seen in the following Table 4:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 187,
"top": 620,
"width": 238,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 4. Results of Combined Assessment Calculations No. Evaluator Score 1. Material Aspects 114,33 2. Media aspects 101 3. Student Responses 110,03 Average amount 325,36 Quantitative Data Criteria (Positive statement) Very good",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2355-8199",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 38,
"width": 185,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AdMathEduSt Vol.4 No.10 Oktober 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "578",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 442,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the combined calculation of the assessment of material experts, media experts, and student questionnaire responses, it shows that the LKS products based on contextual trigonometric material Class X SMA included in the criteria are very well used in the learning process.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 115,
"width": 442,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of the assessment of the contextual worksheet based on Class X trigonometry material in this high school are also in accordance with the results of research conducted by Semadiartha, I K. S. (2012) which is included in the criteria very well.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 171,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 184,
"width": 442,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "After conducting the research and development process, an assessment was obtained from material experts, media experts, mathematics teachers, and students. From this assessment, an average score of 114.333 from the material aspects included in the criteria was very well used. An average score of 101 from the media aspect included in the criteria is very well used. An average score of 110.03 from the student response test and included in the criteria is very well used.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 254,
"width": 443,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Furthermore, the assessment of material aspects, media aspects, and responses of these students are combined. Merging these judgments obtained a combined average number of 325.36 which is included in the very well used criteria. Therefore contextual based LKS can be used for learning in schools.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 323,
"width": 73,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 337,
"width": 442,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Depdiknas, 2008, Panduan Pengembangan Bahan Ajar . Jakarta: Depdiknas. Endaryani, Dian Suci, 2013, Pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) Dengan Pendekatan Kontekstual Pada Materi Program Linier Untuk Siswa Kelas X SMK Jurusan Teknik Pemesinan Tahun Ajaran 2012/2013 . Komalasari, Kokom, 2010, Pembelajaran Kontekstual , Bandunga: Refika Aditama. Rusgiyanto, 2008, Trigonometri . Yogyakarta: Grafika Indah. Semadiartha, I K. S., 2012. Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer dengan Microsoft Excel yang Berorientasi Teori Van Hiele pada Bahasan Trigonometri Kelas X SMA untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi dan Motivasi Belajar Matematika Siswa, tersedia di http://119.252.161.254./e-journal/index.php/JPM/article/view/445/237 , Diakses Tanggal 20 Februari 2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 490,
"width": 442,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiyono, 2016, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan . Bandung: Alfabeta. Sujana. 1989. Pengajaran Matematika Untuk Sekolah Menengah . Jakarta: P2LPTK. Sukarjo, 2006, Kumpulan Materi Evaluasi Pembelajaran . Yogyakarta: UNY. Utomo, Gunawan Budi, 2016, Pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa Menggunakan Pendekatan Kontekstual pada Pokok Bahasan Lingkaran untuk Siswa SMP/MTs Kelas VIII .",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
41dfa11a-9ba6-811b-b84d-0194378af00c | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JIPK/article/download/11602/6613 | [
{
"left": 267,
"top": 36,
"width": 243,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 3 No. 2, November 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 495,
"top": 797,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "165",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 87,
"width": 405,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UJI POTENSI SARI BUAH BELIMBING WULUH ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Aeromonas salmonicida smithia SECARA IN VITRO",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 133,
"width": 383,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "POTENTIAL TEST CUCUMBER FRUIT JUICE ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) IN INHIBITING GROWTH OF Aeromonas salmonicida smithia BACTERIA BY IN VITRO",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 179,
"width": 230,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prayogo, Boedi Setya Rahardja dan Rena Wilis Putri",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 177,
"top": 202,
"width": 245,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Airlangga Kampus C Mulyorejo - Surabaya, 60115 Telp. 031-5911451",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 237,
"width": 40,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 260,
"width": 428,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Giving antibiotics continuously can cause A. salmonicida smithia become resistant and residues of antibiotics may pollute the water environment. One alternative to using traditional medicinal plants that are antibacterial. Advantages of using traditional medicinal plants are relatively more secure, easily available, inexpensive, does not cause resistance, and relatively harmless to the surrounding environment. The content of natural chemicals from cucumber fruit is known to have antibacterial effects namely, flavonoids and phenols.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 329,
"width": 428,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The purpose of this study to determine ability the cucumber fruit juice inhibit bacterial growth A. salmonicida smithia and to determine the best concentration to inhibit bacterial growth A. salmonicida smithia with ampicillin drugs for comparison by in vitro . This research was conducted in the Bacteriology Laboratory of Fish Quarantine Center of Sidoarjo and Human Genetic Laboratory the Institute of Tropical Disease Centre, Airlangga University, Surabaya. This research use done eksperimental method by in vitro , with a large measure of cucumber fruit juice inhibition zone around the existing paper disc and comparing it to a large zone of inhibition using ampicillin .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 409,
"width": 428,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Concentration dilution series cucumber fruit juice used during the research, began 2 gr/ 2 ml to the concentration of 0,0625 gr/ml. Result of research show at concentration 0,125 gr/ml still has ability to pursue bacterium A. smithia salmonicida , so that can be anticipated that effective cucumber fruit juice if used as by drug, because at small concentration can to pursue bacteria A. smithia salmonicida by in vitro .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 467,
"width": 329,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords : cucumber fruit juice, Aeromonas salmonicida smithia and ampicillin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 502,
"width": 59,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 513,
"width": 197,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada tahun 1890, Emmerich dan Weibel pertama kali menemukan A. salmonicida pada ikan trout di Jerman. Strain dari A. salmonicida dapat menimbulkan gejala furunculosis (Holt et al , 1994). Wabah A. salmonicida pernah terjadi pada bulan Oktober 1980, terutama di daerah Jawa Barat. Kerugian yang ditimbulkannya kira-kira mencapai 4 milyar rupiah (Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan, 2007). Serangan bakteri ini baru terlihat apabila ketahanan tubuh ikan menurun akibat stres yang disebabkan oleh penurunan kualitas air, kekurangan pakan atau penanganan yang kurang tepat (Afrianto dan Liviawaty, 1992). Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan (2007), menyatakan A. salmonicida dapat dijumpai di lingkungan air tawar maupun air laut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 720,
"width": 197,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penularan bakteri Aeromonas dapat berlangsung melalui air, kontak badan, kontak dengan peralatan yang telah tercemar atau karena",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 501,
"width": 197,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pemindahan ikan yang terserang Aeromonas dari satu tempat ke tempat lain (Afrianto dan Liviawaty, 1992). Saat ini penyakit furunculosis yang disebabkan bakteri A. salmonicida dilakukan pengobatan dengan menggunakan antibiotik. Menurut Cipriano dan Bullock (2001), antibiotik yang digunakan untuk A. salmonicida adalah ampicillin .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 593,
"width": 197,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penggunaan antibiotik ternyata dapat menimbulkan efek samping bagi patogen itu sendiri maupun terhadap ikan yang dipelihara. Pemberian antibiotik secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan organisme patogen menjadi resisten, sehingga penggunaan antimikroba menjadi tidak efektif. Selain itu, residu dari antibiotik tersebut dapat mencemari lingkungan perairan yang mengakibatkan kualitas air menjadi turun (Retnawati, 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 708,
"width": 87,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berkaitan dengan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 708,
"width": 197,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "permasalahan tersebut, perlu adanya alternatif bahan obat yang lebih aman yang dapat digunakan dalam pengendalian penyakit ikan. Salah satu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 129,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji Potensi Sari Buah Belimbing......",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 797,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "166",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 308,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "alternatifnya adalah dengan menggunakan tumbuhan obat tradisional yang bersifat antibakteri. Beberapa keuntungan menggunakan tumbuhan obat tradisional antara lain relatif lebih aman, mudah diperoleh, murah, tidak menimbulkan resistensi, dan relatif tidak berbahaya terhadap lingkungan sekitarnya (Sugianti, 2005). Adanya penelitian ini, agar dapat menemukan obat alternatif dengan bahan yang mengandung antibakteri yang diperoleh dari bahan kimia alami, yaitu sari buah belimbing wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.), yang diharapkan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A. salmonicida yang menyebabkan kematian pada ikan air laut maupun air tawar secara in vitro dan tidak menimbulkan resisten. Tanaman belimbing wuluh telah dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional. Adapun kandungan bahan kimia alami dari buah belimbing wuluh yang diketahui mempunyai efek antibakteri yaitu, flavonoid dan fenol (Hembing, 2008). Sehubungan dengan latar belakang di atas, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri dari sari buah belimbing wuluh dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A. salmonicida secara in vitro .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 398,
"width": 197,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sari buah belimbing wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A. salmonicida smithia secara in vitro dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi terbaik dari sari buah belimbing wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 467,
"width": 197,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "L.) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 490,
"width": 197,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "salmonicida smithia dengan ampicillin sebagai pembanding secara in vitro . Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang potensi dari sari buah belimbing wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A. salmonicida smithia secara in vitro dengan metode difusi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 582,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Materi dan Metode",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 593,
"width": 197,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Bakteriologi Balai Karantina Ikan, Sidoarjo dan laboratorium Human Genetic Institute of Tropical Disease Centre Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2011. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah bakteri A. salmonicida smithia yang diperoleh dari Balai Karantina Ikan, Sidoarjo, buah belimbing wuluh, Tripticase Soy Agar (TSA), Mc Farland nomor 0,5, aquades, saringan, kertas saring, kertas label, aluminium foil dan paper disk. Peralatan penelitian yang digunakan meliputi blender, tabung erlenmeyer, cawan petri, mikropipet,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 297,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "rak, tabung reaksi, corong, jarum ose, freeze dryer , laminar flow, autoclave , pembakar bunsen, penggaris, botol kaca dan vortex . Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode eksperimental. Prosedur kerja dalam penelitian ini pertama membuat simplisia buah belimbing wuluh. Buah belimbing wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) dicuci kemudian dipotong kecil-kecil untuk selanjutnya di blender sampai benar-benar halus. Hasil jus kemudian disaring dengan menggunakan saringan, selanjutnya disaring kembali menggunakan kertas saring dan dimasukkan ke dalam erlenmeyer (Adriana, 1992 ; Adriani, 1992). Hasil dari jus buah belimbing wuluh kemudian diuapkan dengan alat freeze dryer selama 48 jam untuk mendapatkan simplisia dari buah belimbing wuluh (Zalizar, 2010 ; Trilaksani dkk ., 2006), selanjutnya menyiapkan larutan sari buah belimbing wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode difusi dengan berbagai konsentrasi pengenceran secara berseri. Larutan sari buah belimbing yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 2 gr/ 2 ml, 1 gr/ml, 0,5 gr/ml, 0,25 gr/ml, 0,125 gr/ml, dan 0,0625 gr/ml.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 398,
"width": 100,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 409,
"width": 197,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode difusi dengan paper disk. Hasil pengamatan ini dapat diperoleh bahwa sari buah belimbing wuluh mempunyai aktivitas menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A. salmonicida , dengan cara mengukur zona hambat yang ada pada sekitar paper disk. Menurut Wibowo (2002), cara mengukur zona hambat dilakukan dengan mengukur secara garis lurus tengah zona hambat atau diukur dari tepi kanan sampai tepi kiri zona hambat yang terbentuk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 536,
"width": 197,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian ini dapat dilihat dari besar kecil zona hambat yang terbentuk di sekeliling paper disk. Sari buah belimbing wuluh dinyatakan sangat peka, cukup peka dan tidak peka terhadap bakteri A. salmonicida smithia disesuaikan dengan standar antibiotik seperti ampicillin . Menurut Rao (1996), ampicillin dinyatakan sangat peka dengan ukuran zona hambat 17 mm, cukup peka dengan ukuran zona hambat 14 – 16 mm dan kurang peka dengan ukuran zona hambat 13 mm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 662,
"width": 197,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada ulangan 1, 2 dan 3 dapat diamati bahwa A. salmonicida smithia cukup peka terhadap sari buah belimbing wuluh pada konsentrasi 2 gr/ 2 ml, 1 gr/ml, 0,5 gr/ml, 0,25 gr/ml dan 0,125 gr/ml. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat dinyatakan bahwa pada konsentrasi 2 gr/ 2 ml, 1 gr/ml, 0,5 gr/ml, 0,25 gr/ml dan 0,125 gr/ml, sari buah belimbing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 267,
"top": 36,
"width": 243,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 3 No. 2, November 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 495,
"top": 797,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "167",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 199,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "wuluh dapat digunakan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A. salmonicida smithia , karena zona hambat yang terbentuk sesuai dengan standar umum antibiotik ampicillin . Hasil besar zona hambat pada konsentrasi 0,125 gr/ml pada ulangan 1, 2 dan 3 total rata-rata menunjukkan diameter yang dihasilkan 14 mm, sehingga pada konsentrasi tersebut sari buah belimbing wuluh dinyatakan sudah cukup peka dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A. salmonicida smithia secara in vitro . Zona hambat yang dihasilkan pada konsentrasi 2 gr/ 2 ml, 1 gr/ml, 0,5 gr/ml, 0,25 gr/ml dan 0,125 gr/ml disebabkan karena sari buah belimbing wuluh mengandung zat antibakteri yang terdiri dari flavonoid dan fenol. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Setiabudy dan Vincent (1995), bahwa zat antibakteri bersifat bakteriostatik yaitu mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri, dengan tidak adanya pertumbuhan koloni bakteri pada media agar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 329,
"width": 197,
"height": 331,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada konsentrasi 2 gr/ 2 ml, 1 gr/ml, 0,5 gr/ml, 0,25 gr/ml dan 0,125 gr/ml diameter yang dihasilkan 14 mm yang sesuai dengan standar umum antibiotik seperti ampicillin . Hal ini disebabkan pada konsentrasi 2 gr/ 2 ml, 1 gr/ml, 0,5 gr/ml, 0,25 gr/ml dan 0,125 gr/ml mengandung zat antibakteri yang lebih banyak dibandingkan pada konsentrasi 0,0625 gr/ml, karena besar zona hambat yang dihasilkan 13 mm. Boyd (1995) menyatakan bahwa semakin kecil konsentrasi maka kemampuan zat antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri juga semakin kecil. Menurut Hembing (2008), buah belimbing wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) memiliki zat antibakteri diantaranya flavonoid dan fenol. Senyawa aktif flavonoid di dalam sari buah belimbing wuluh memiliki kemampuan membentuk kompleks dengan protein sel bakteri melalui ikatan hidrogen. Struktur dinding sel dan membran sitoplasma bakteri yang mengandung protein, menjadi tidak stabil karena struktur protein sel bakteri menjadi rusak karena adanya ikatan hidrogen dengan flavonoid, sehingga protein sel bakteri menjadi kehilangan aktivitas biologinya, akibatnya fungsi permeabilitas sel bakteri terganggu dan sel bakteri akan mengalami lisis yang berakibat pada kematian sel bakteri (Harborne, 1987).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 662,
"width": 197,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pertumbuhan sel bakteri dapat terganggu oleh komponen fenol dari sari buah belimbing wuluh, yaitu dengan cara mendenaturasi protein sel bakteri. Akibat terdenaturasinya protein sel bakteri, maka semua aktivitas metabolisme sel bakteri terhenti, sebab semua aktivitas metabolisme sel bakteri dikatalisis oleh enzim yang merupakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "protein (Lawrence dan Block, 1968). Menurut Marcus et al (1991), fenol juga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dinding sel. Fenol berikatan dengan protein melalui ikatan hidrogen, sehingga mengakibatkan struktur protein menjadi rusak. Sebagian besar struktur dinding sel dan membran sitoplasma bakteri mengandung protein dan lemak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 179,
"width": 197,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang di dapat terjadi perbedaan dalam hal pertumbuhan bakteri, karena adanya perbedaan konsentrasi. Hal ini seperti yang dinyatakan oleh Pelczar dan Chan (1988), bahwa cara kerja zat antibakteri dalam menghambat bakteri dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi zat antibakteri tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 260,
"width": 197,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari buah belimbing wuluh diduga efektif bila digunakan sebagai obat, karena pada konsentrasi kecil mampu untuk menghambat bakteri A. salmonicida smithia secara in vitro . Ernst (1991) menyatakan, terapi obat yang bermanfaat adalah dengan pemberian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 329,
"width": 197,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "konsentrasi yang cukup dan tidak berlebihan sebagai syarat utama. Pada penelitian ini, pemberian konsentrasi 0,125 gr/ml sudah mampu untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 398,
"width": 57,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 409,
"width": 197,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari buah belimbing wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A. salmonicida smithia . Konsentrasi terbaik sari buah belimbing wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) yang menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A. salmonicida smithia adalah 0,125 gr/ml, karena pada konsentrasi tersebut cukup peka bila dibandingkan dengan ampicillin .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 501,
"width": 197,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlu dilakukannya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai mekanisme penggunaan ekstrak buah belimbing wuluh terhadap bakteri A. salmonicida smithia secara in vitro .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 559,
"width": 68,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 570,
"width": 197,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adriana, Y. 1992. Daya Hambat Sari Rimpang Kunyit ( Curcuma domestica Val.) Terhadap Dua Jenis Jamur Dermatofita. Skripsi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam UNAND. Padang. Adriani, A. 1992. Daya Antibakteri Allium sativum L. dari Pasar Bringharjo Yogyakarta Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli Koleksi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gajah Mada Secara In Vitro . Skripsi Fakultas Farmasi UGM. Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 129,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji Potensi Sari Buah Belimbing......",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 797,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "168",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Afrianto, E dan E. Liviawaty. 1992. Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Ikan. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. 89 hal. Boyd, R. F. 1995. Basic Medical Microbiology. Fifth Edition. Little Brown and Company. USA.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 156,
"width": 197,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cipriano, R. C. and Bullock G. L. 2001. Furunculosis and Other Disease",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 179,
"width": 162,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Caused By Aeromonas Salmonicida . Revision of “Furunculosis and other diseases caused by Aeromonas salmonicida ,” by G. L. Bullock, R. C. Cipriano, and S. F. Snieszko, 1983 . hal 9.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 248,
"width": 197,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2007.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 260,
"width": 162,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penyakit Ikan Karantina Golongan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 271,
"width": 162,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bakteri. Pusat Karantina Ikan : Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Jakarta. 5 hal.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 306,
"width": 197,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ernts, M. 1991. Dinamika Obat. Alih Bahasa : M. B. Widianto. ITB Press. Bandung. hal 30 – 40.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 340,
"width": 197,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Harborner, J. B. 1987. Metode Fitokimia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 352,
"width": 162,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisa Tumbuhan. ITB Bandung. hal 71 – 77.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 375,
"width": 197,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hembing, W. 2008. Ramuan Lengkap Herbal Taklukkan Penyakit. Niaga Swadaya. Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 409,
"width": 197,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Holt, J. G., N. R. Krieg., P. H. A. Sneath., J. T. Staley and S. T. William. 1994. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Ninth edition. William and Wilkins A. Waferly Company. USA. p. 260 – 274.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 478,
"width": 197,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lawrence, C. A. And S. S. Block. 1968. Desinfection, Sterilization and Preservation. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia. P. 401 – 417.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 524,
"width": 197,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Marcus, E. B., Daniel, R. D., Ming-Ju Huang,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 536,
"width": 162,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "James, J. K., Emil, P., Nicholas, B.. 1991. Application Of Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Techniques To The Study Of Peroxidase Mediated Oxidation Of Phenols, Anilines,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 593,
"width": 162,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sulfides And Thiobenzamides. 47 :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 87,
"width": 393,
"height": 527,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7525 – 7536. Pelczar, M. J. and E. C. S. Chan. 1988. Dasar- dasar Mikrobiologi. Universitas Indonesia Press. hal. 99 – 105. Rao, S. P. N. 1996. Zone of Inhibitions for Various Antibiotics-Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion. (http://microrao.com). Diakses pada tanggal 23 Februari 2011. Pukul 11.05 WIB. Retnawati, P. E. 2008. Pemberian Vaksin Polivalen dengan Chitosan dari Komponen Outer Membran Protein dan Lipopolisakarida Vibrio alginolyticus dan Vibrio anguillarum terhadap Sintasan Benih Kerapu Macan ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ). Tesis Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. Setyabudi, R. Dan H. S., Vincent. 1995. Farmakologi dan Terapi. Edisi 4. Farmakologi Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta. Sugianti, B. 2005. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional Dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Ikan. Makalah Pribadi Falsafah Sains Institut Pertanian Bogor. 3 : 1 – 37. Trilaksani, W., Nurjanah, H.W Utama. 2006. Pemanfaatan Gelembung Renang Ikan Patin ( Pangasius hypophthalmus )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 409,
"width": 162,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebagai Bahan Baku Isinglass. Buletin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 421,
"width": 112,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknologi Hasil Perikanan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 432,
"width": 197,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wibowo, M. S. 2002. Penetapan Potensi Antibiotik Secara Mikrobiologi. ITB Bandung.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 467,
"width": 197,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Zalizar, L. 2010. Efektifitas Salep Daun Sirih dan Meniran Terhadap Penurunan Jumlah Bakteri Pada Sapi Perah. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
848987cb-4faf-187e-6545-0f7082b4db04 | https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/jkp/article/download/8168/7878 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ejournal Keperawatan (e-Kp) Volume 3 Nomor 2,Mei 2015",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 782,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 75,
"width": 373,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT STRES DENGANKEMANDIRIAN PADA ORANG TUALANJUT USIA DI DESATOMBASIAN ATAS KECAMATANKAWANGKOAN BARAT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 144,
"width": 123,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marini Melisa Koampa Hendro Bidjuni",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 171,
"width": 364,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Franly Onibala Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Email: [email protected] Abstract :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 254,
"width": 455,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Stressis thebody's reaction tosituations thatcausestress, change sandemotionaltension. Grievances feltin peoplewho experience stressareangry,anxious, sad, pessimistic, crying, irritability, nightmares, impaired concentration and memory. If not addressed, these problems will cause system disorders, disease and clinical manifestations, as well as the decline in ADL (Activities of Daily Living). The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of the level of stress to the independence of the elderly in the village Tombasian Upper District of West Kawangkoan. This study uses qualitative research methods to the type of analytic survey research, and cross sectional approach where data collection, both the independent variable and the dependent variable, carried out jointly or simultaneously. The population in this study were all elderly in the village of Tombasian Atas District of West Kawangkoan of 60 people. The method of this research is cross sectional analytical survey. Sampling technique uses total sampling. Statistical test results obtained value of p = 0.035. This means that the p-value is smaller than (0.05) it can thus be said that there is a relationship between stress levels with independence in the elderly. Suggested that the elderly and families with elderly to minimize the stress levels so as to achieve the level of ability of elderly optimal as possible.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 475,
"width": 160,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Key words : independence, stress",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 502,
"width": 457,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak: Stres adalah reaksi tubuh terhadap situasi yang menimbulkan tekanan, perubahan dan ketegangan emosi. Keluhan yang dirasakan pada orang yang mengalami stres adalah pemarah, cemas, sedih, pesimis, menangis, mudah tersinggung, mimpi buruk, gangguan konsentrasi dan daya ingat. Bila tidak diatasi, permasalahan tersebut akan menimbulkan gangguan sistem, timbulnya penyakit dan manifestasi klinik, serta menurunya ADL ( Activities of Daily Living ). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat stres dengan kemandirian orang tua lanjut usia yang ada di desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik, dan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dimana pengumpulan data, baik variabel independen maupun variabel dependen, dilakukan secara bersama-sama atau sekaligus . Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh lanjut usia di Desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat yang berjumlah 60 jiwa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Total sampling . Hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai p = 0,035. Hal ini berarti nilai p lebih kecil dari (0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu ada hubungan bermakna antara tingkat stres dengan kemandirian pada orang tua lanjut usia.. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah agar lanjut usia dan keluarga dengan lanjut usia mampu meminimalisasi tingkat stres sehingga dapat mencapai tingkat kemampuan lanjut usia seoptimal mungkin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 737,
"width": 160,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: kemandirian, stress",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ejournal Keperawatan (e-Kp) Volume 3 Nomor 2,Mei 2015",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 782,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 89,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 102,
"width": 211,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kondisi kehidupan yang penuh dengan tantangan membawa muatan tersendiri dalam mempengaruhi kondisi individu baik kondisi fisiologis maupun psikologis. Bahasan tentang stres semakin marak seiring dengan banyaknya keluhan dan penyakit fisik maupun psikologis yang sebenarnya sebagai respon stres itu sendiri. Stres menurut Robert S. Fieldman merupakan proses menilai sebagai suatu yang mengancam, menantang ataupun membahayakan dan individu merespon peristiwa itu pada level fisiologis, emosional, kognitif, dan tingkah laku. Memang stres tidak semata disebabkan oleh pengaruh lingkungan atau eksternal tetapi bagaimana pribadi individu juga menentukan kondisi tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 351,
"width": 211,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Stres adalah reaksi tubuh terhadap situasi yang menimbulkan tekanan, perubahan, ketegangan emosi, dan lain-lain. Seseorang yang mengalami stres dapat dilihat dari perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi pada kondisi fisiknya. Keluhan yang sering dirasakan pada orang yang mengalami stres adalah pemarah, pemurung, cemas, sedih, pesimis, menangis, mood atau suasana hati sering berubah-ubah, harga diri menurun atau merasa tidak aman, mudah tersinggung, mudah menyerah pada orang dan mempunyai sikap bermusuhan, mimpi buruk, serta mengalami gangguan konsentrasi dan daya ingat (Hawari 2007). Bila tidak diatasi dengan tepat, akan menimbulkan gangguan sistem, timbulnya penyakit dan manifestasi klinik. Stres dapat dialami oleh setiap manusia termasuk juga orang tua lanjut usia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 627,
"width": 214,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan kondisi fisik dan psikis yang menurun, menyebabkan lanjut usia mengalami stres yang bisa menyebabkan mereka kurang mampu untuk menghasilkan pekerjaan yang produktif, dan menurunnya kemampuan untuk melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari secara mandiri . Di sisi lain mereka dituntut untuk memenuhi berbagai macam kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari yang semakin meningkat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 88,
"width": 211,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dari sebelumnya, seperti kebutuhan akan makanan bergizi seimbang, pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin, perawatan bagi yang menderita penyakit ketuaan dan kebutuhan rekreasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 157,
"width": 212,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lansia (lanjut usia) memang rentan mengalami stres yang disebabkan oleh masalah umum yang dialami lanjut usia berhubungan dengan kesehatan fisik, yaitu rentannya terhadap berbagai penyakit , karena berkurangnya daya tahan tubuh dalam menghadapi pengaruh dari luar. Maka, saat memasuki masa usia lanjut sangat diperlukan peran dari keperawatan untuk mempertahankan derajat kesehatan pada lanjut usia pada taraf yang setinggi- tingginya sehingga terhindar dari penyakit atau gangguan kesehatan sehingga lansia tersebut masih dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dengan mandiri (Mubarok,2006).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 364,
"width": 212,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemandirian pada lansia dapat dilihat dari kualitas kesehatan mental dan kualitas hidup yang dinilai dari kemampuan lansia dalam melakukan aktivitas dasar sehari- hari. Namun, seiring dengan pertambahan usia, lansia akan mengalami proses degeneratif baik dari segi fisik maupun segi mental. Menurunnya derajat kesehatan dan kemampuan fisik akan mengakibatkan orang lanjut usia secara perlahan menarik diri dari hubungan dengan masyarakat sekitar. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan interaksi sosial menurun (Fitria, 2011). Padahal, partisipasi sosial dan hubungan interpersonal merupakan bagian yang cukup penting untuk kesehatan fisik, mental, dan emosional bagi lansia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 613,
"width": 212,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komisi Nasional Lansia menyatakan, dengan semakin meningkatnya penduduk lansia, dibutuhkan perhatian dari semua pihak dalam mengantisipasi berbagai permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan penuaan penduduk. Penuaan penduduk membawa berbagai implikasi baik dari aspek sosial, ekonomi, hukum, politik dan terutama kesehatan (Komnas Lansia, 2010).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ejournal Keperawatan (e-Kp) Volume 3 Nomor 2,Mei 2015",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 782,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 214,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data WHO tahun 2013, jumlah lansia yang berada di kawasan ASEAN meningkat mencapai 142.000.000 orang pada tahun 2010, pada tahun 2011 mencapai 156.000.000 jiwa, pada tahun 2012 berjumlah 171.000.000 dan pada tahun 2013 mencapai jumlah 184.000.000 dan Indonesia adalah termasuk negara yang memasuki era penduduk berstruktur lanjut usia (aging structured population) karena dari tahun ke tahun, jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang berusia 60 tahun ke atas semakin meningkat. Di Indonesia sendiri jumlah lansia mencapai 23.992.000 jiwa pada tahun 2013 (Depsos, 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 282,
"width": 210,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data awal yang peneliti temukan di desa Tombasian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 295,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Atas Kecamatan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 309,
"width": 211,
"height": 384,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kawangkoan Barat, diperoleh data bahwa desatersebutmemiliki penduduk yang berjumlah 902 jiwa dengan jumlah orang tua lanjut usia 60 orang ( 6, 65%), dengan kategori umur 60-90 tahun ke atas. Dariobservasidanwawancarasingkat yangpenulislakukan, 10 orang dari 60 lansia menderita berbagai penyakit yang berhubungan dengan ketuaan antara lain diabetes melitus, hipertensi, jantung koroner, rematik dan asma sehingga menyebabkan aktifitas bekerja terganggu . Penurunan kondisi fisik lanjut usia berpengaruh pada kondisi psikis. Dengan berubahnya penampilan, menurunnya fungsi panca indra menyebabkan lanjut usia merasa rendah diri, mudah tersinggung dan merasa tidak berguna lagi. Dalam penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Puji Yani di Wonokerto Kabupaten Pekalongan pada tahun 2010 tentang hubungan tingkat stres dengan kemandirian pada Lanjut Usia di Panti Werdha Wonokerto, hasil uji menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat stres dengan kemandirian pada lanjut usia di Wonokerto.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 75,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 88,
"width": 214,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian survei analitik, dan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dimana pengumpulan data, baik variabel independen maupun variabel dependen, dilakukan secara bersama-sama atau sekaligus (Notoatmodjo, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 199,
"width": 211,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh lansia yang ada di desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat yang berjumlah 60 orang dengan kategori usia 60-90 tahun ke atas. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh lansia yang ada di desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat sebanyak 60 orang lansia yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 323,
"width": 211,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dimana peneliti mengumpulkan data secara formal kepada subjek untuk menjawab pertanyaan secara tertulis yang kemudian pertanyaan diajukan secara langsung kepada subjek atau disampaikan secara lisan oleh peneliti dari pertanyaan yang sudah tertulis. Untuk memperoleh data, peneliti memberikan lembar persetujuan dan kuesioner kepada responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pada penelitian ini peneliti mengumpulkan data umum yang berupa data demografi yaitu : jenis kelamin, usia, pekerjaan, penyakit penyerta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 544,
"width": 212,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tingkat stres diukur menggunakan Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) yang dibuat oleh Sheldon Cohen pada tahun 1988,dan kemandirian lansia diukur dengan menggunakan Katz Index. Pengkajian Katz Index merupakan pengkajian yang umum dan luas digunakan sebagai pengkuran Aktivitas dasar sehari-hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ejournal Keperawatan (e-Kp) Volume 3 Nomor 2,Mei 2015",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 782,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 151,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL dan PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 89,
"width": 211,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Univariat Tabel 1. Distribusi Frekuensi Responden Menurut Jenis Kelamin Orang Tua Lanjut Usia di Desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat Jenis kelamin n % Laki-laki 26 43,3 Perempuan 34 56,7 Total 60 100 Sumber : Data primer 2015",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 240,
"width": 202,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2 . Distribusi Frekuensi Responden menurut Umur pada Orang Tua Lanjut Usia di Desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 304,
"width": 202,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Umur n %",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 341,
"width": 205,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "60-65 9 15.0 66-70 22 36.7 71-75 17 28.3 76-80 7 11.7 81-85 3 5.0 86-90 2 3.3 Total 60 100.0 Sumber: Data Primer 2015",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 484,
"width": 211,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Distribusi frekuensi tingkat stres pada orang tua lanjut usia di desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 540,
"width": 237,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tingkat stres n % Stres Ringan 46 76,7 Stres berat 14 23,3 Total 60 100 Sumber: Data Primer 2015",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 623,
"width": 214,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Distribusi frekuensi tingkat kemandirian pada Orang Tua Lanjut Usia di Desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat Tingkat n % kemandirian mandiri 53 88,3 semi mandiri 3 5,0 tidak mandiri 4 6,7 Total: 60 100 Sumber: Data Primer 2015",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 75,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Bivariat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 102,
"width": 140,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemandirian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 115,
"width": 195,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Stres mandiri semi tidak total p mandiri mandiri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 149,
"width": 171,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "n % n % n % n % 0,035",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 160,
"width": 196,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ringan 43 93,4 2 4,34 1 2,1 46 100 Sedang 10 71,4 1 7,14 3 21,4 14 100 Jumlah 53 3 4 60 Sumber: Data Primer 2015",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 221,
"width": 212,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN Berdasarkan hasil uji statistikmenggunakan Pearsonchi- square menunjukkan ada hubungan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 276,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bermakna antara tingkat stres dengan kemandirian pada lansia, dengan nilai p =",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 303,
"width": 82,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0,035 ( p < 0,05).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 317,
"width": 214,
"height": 384,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian pada orang tua lanjut usia di desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan, sebagian besar orang tua lanjut usia mengalami stres ringan dan dikategorikan mandiri dengan jumlah responden 43 orang ( 93,4%) dan dikategorikan semi mandiri dengan jumlah responden 2 orang (4,34%) kategori tidak mandiri 1 orang (2,1%) dan yang mengalami stres sedang sebanyak 14 orang ( 23,3 %). Hal-hal tersebut terjadi karena para orang tua lanjut usia menjadikan masalah kesehatan atau perubahan kondisi fisik mereka atau masalah dalam keluarga sebagai suatu tekanan dalam hidup dan dengan demikian dapat mengganggu kondisi psikologis mereka, bahkan dapat mengganggu tingkat kemandirian dalam beraktifitas. Hal ini disebabkan karena kondisi kesehatan mereka baik fisik maupun psikis yang kadang-kadang sakit atau mengalami gangguan, sehingga aktivitas sehari-hari tidak semuanya dapat dilakukan sendiri. Pada beberapa kegiatan mereka memerlukan bantuan orang lain, misalnya mengerjakan pekerjaan yang berat atau mengambil keputusan( Tarwoto, 2006).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 704,
"width": 211,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini sebanding dengan penelitian sebelumnya tentang Hubungan antara Tingkat Stres dengan Kemandirian pada Lanjut Usia dalam Pemenuhan Aktifitas Dasar Sehari-hari di Desa Bebel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ejournal Keperawatan (e-Kp) Volume 3 Nomor 2,Mei 2015",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 782,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 211,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kecamatan Wonokerto Kabupaten Pekalongan yang dilakukan oleh Puji Yanitahun 2010. Dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 102,
"width": 211,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hasil penelitiannya diperoleh hasil bahwa ada hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan kemandirian pada lanjut usia. Peneliti menyarankan agar lanjut usia mampu meminimalisasi tingkat stres dengan cara melakukan rekreasi, perbanyak kegiatan yang bias meningkatkan kebugaran dan kreativitas sehingga dapat mencapai tingkat kemampuan lanjut usia seoptimal mungkin.Sama halnya dengan penelitian yang di lakukan oleh Lina Indrawati di",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 268,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Panti Darma Bekasi tahun 2012. Berdasarkan penelitian yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 295,
"width": 211,
"height": 343,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dilakukanpeneliti di temukan 85 % responden mengalami stress sedang yang menyebabkan terganggunya fungsi kognitif dan penurunan fungsi kognitif merupakan masalah yang cukup serius karena dapat mengganggu ADL dan menurunkan tingkat kemandirian, namun fungsi kognitif bukanlah merupakan satu- satunya faktor yang mempengaruh tingkat kemandirian lansia tetapi ada faktor lain diantaranya lamanya lansia tinggal di panti, menyebabkan mereka mengalami stress. Dari hasil wawancara peneliti di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budhi Dharma Bekasi banyak lansia yang jauh dari keluarga selama bertahun-tahun baik karena ditinggal mati oleh keluarganya dan sengaja ditempatkan dipanti oleh keluarganya atau bahkan keinginan pribadi karena berbagai alasan.Dari penelitian yang di lakukan pada lanjut usia di Desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat, di dapatkan bahwaa da hubungan antara tingkat stress dengan kemandirian pada orang tua lanjut usia. Sebanyak 76,7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 641,
"width": 217,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "% lansia mengalami stress ringan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh sebagian besar dari mereka memiliki masalah baik dari pekerjaan mereka yang sering gagal dalam bertani dan berdagang, bahkan sulitnya memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi keluarga danpengaruh kesepian karena di tinggal oleh orang yang dekat dengan mereka.Tapi, para orang tua lanjut usia tidak menjadikan hal-hal tersebut sebagai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 75,
"width": 212,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hal yang harus terus menerus di rasakan. Mereka berusaha untuk melakukan hal-hal yang berguna untuk membantu menghilangkan stres yang mereka alami sehingga dengan demikian mereka masih bias melakukan aktivitas mereka dengan mandiri. Hal itu bias dilihat dari distribusi tingkat kemandirian pada Lanjut usia di Desa Tombasian Atas bahwa responden dengan kategori mandiri adalah yang paling banyak, tapi ada juga yang tergolong semi mandiri karena tingkat kemampuan untuk melakukan kegiatan pada batas tertentu atau membutuhkan bantuan orang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 292,
"width": 67,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 305,
"width": 211,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkanhasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat, Sebagian besar orang tua lanjut usia mengalami stres ringan,sebagian besar orang tua lanjut usia dikategorikan dalam kategori mandiri. Ada hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan kemandirian pada orang tua lanjut usia di Desa Tombasian Atas Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 457,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 471,
"width": 211,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Azizah, L.M. (2011). Keperawatan lanjut usia . Graha Ilmu,Yogyakarta. Bustan, N. (2007).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 512,
"width": 182,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EpidemiologiPenyakitTidakMenular .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 526,
"width": 106,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jakarta: RinekaCipta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 540,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budi. (2008). Lansia yang Mandiri . Graha Ilmu,Yogyakarta",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 568,
"width": 212,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dharmojo, B. (2009). Geriatri :ilmu kesehatan usia lanjut . edisi 4, FKUI,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 595,
"width": 220,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jakarta Fitria. (2011). Hubungan Fungsi Kognitif dengan Kemandirian dalam Melakukan ADL . Universitas Airlangga .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 664,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hanun. (2011). Buku ajar Gerontik . P.T Medika, Jogjakarta .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 692,
"width": 212,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Harnowo, S. & Susanto. (2001). Keperawatan Medical Bedah. Jakarta :WidyaMedika . Hawari, D.(2007). Keperawatan jiwa .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 747,
"width": 74,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FKUI, Jakarta .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ejournal Keperawatan (e-Kp) Volume 3 Nomor 2,Mei 2015",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 782,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 211,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hawari, D. (2011). Manajemen stres dan depresi . FKUI, Jakarta .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 102,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hidayat, A.A. (2007) . Metode penelitian keperawatan teknik analisis data .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 130,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salemba Medika, Jakarta .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 144,
"width": 211,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hurlock. (2011). Lansia Mandiri . Jakarta,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 157,
"width": 211,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FUC . Hutapea, R. (2005). Sehat&ceria diusia senja . PT Rineka Cipta, Jakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 199,
"width": 214,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indriana, Y.Kristiana dkk. (2010). Tingkat Stres pada lansia di Panti Werdha Pucang Gading. Jurnal Psikologi Undip Kuntjoro, Z.S. (2002) . Masalah kesehatan lansia . Jakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 268,
"width": 211,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://www.kesehatan Diakses tanggal 3 oktober 2014. Martono, H. & Pranarka, K. (2010). Buku",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 309,
"width": 176,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ajar Boedhi-Darmojo Geriatri. Salemba Medika, Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 337,
"width": 211,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maryam. (2008). Mengenal usia lanjut dan perawatannya . Salemba Medika, Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 378,
"width": 211,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mubarok,dkk. (2006). Ilmu Keperawatan komunitas 2 . CV Sagung Seto, Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 420,
"width": 211,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mutadin. (2010). Kemandirian Lansia . Salemba Medika, Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 447,
"width": 130,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Notoatmodjo. (2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 447,
"width": 211,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan . Jakarta : Rineka Cipta. Nugroho, W. (2006). KeperawatanGerontik&Geriatrik . Jakarta; EGC. Nugroho,W. (1995). Perawatan Lanjut",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 544,
"width": 102,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Usia . Jakarta : EGC.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 558,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nursalam. (2008). Konsep dan penerapan metodologi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 572,
"width": 211,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penelitian ilmuKeperawatan. P.T Gramedia, Jakarta . Putri, I.H. (2011). Hubungan Kemandirian dan Dukungan Sosial dengan Tingkat. Ranah. (2006). Keperawatan Gerontik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 668,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P.T Gramedia, Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 75,
"width": 211,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rasmun. (2004). Stres, koping dan adaptasi . edk 1, Sagung Seto,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 102,
"width": 212,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jakarta Saryono. (2006). Perubahan pada Lansia . EGC, Jakarta. Smet, B. (1994). Psikologi Kesehatan . PT. Gramedia, Semarang Smet, B.(2011). Lansia Mandiri. PT. Gramedia, Semarang Stanley, M.& Beare, P.G. (2002). Buku",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 213,
"width": 175,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ajar Keperawatan Gerontik edisi ke- 2 (Nety Juniarti& Sari",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 240,
"width": 75,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kurnianingsih,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 240,
"width": 176,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penerjemah). Jakarta: EGC.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 268,
"width": 211,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Stanhope,M. & Knollmuller, R. (2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 282,
"width": 212,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Praktik Keperawatan kesehatan komunitas . edk 2, EGC, Jakarta Stuart. (2005). Kesehatan Jiwa . Jakarta:EGC Stuart. G.W. (2006). Buku Saku Keperawatan Jiwa . Edisi 4. Jakarta:EGC Sunaryo. (2004). Psikologi untuk keperawatan . EGC, Jakarta.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 406,
"width": 212,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tarwoto, W. (2006). Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia dan proses keperawatan . edk 3, Salemba medika, Jakarta Treacy, et al. (2004). National Council on Ageing and Older People Loneliness and Social",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 489,
"width": 6,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
65ae1248-4e68-64a1-8ea6-c8ed56fac972 | https://jurnal.iicet.org/index.php/jpgi/article/download/2190/1250 | [
{
"left": 200,
"top": 40,
"width": 210,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 7, No. 2, 2022, pp. 303-309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29210/022190jpgi0005",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 80,
"width": 168,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Contents lists available at Journal IICET",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 99,
"width": 199,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 112,
"width": 165,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2541-3163(Print) ISSN: 2541-3317 (Electronic)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 127,
"width": 202,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage : https://jurnal.iicet.org/index.php/jpgi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 786,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "303",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 170,
"width": 442,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Efektivitas layanan bimbingan kelompok dalam meningkatkan disiplin belajar peserta didik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 230,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rahmat Fajri Asy Syauqi *) , Neviyarni Suhaili Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 271,
"width": 214,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Oct 24 th , 2022 Revised Nov 20 th , 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 290,
"width": 458,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Accepted Nov 26 th , 2022 This study aims to develop a service effectiveness model to improve student learning discipline through group guidance. This research is a quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research method. The quasi-experimental design used is Time series. This research design uses only one group with a total of 10 students with using random sampling technique. The results of research on the effectiveness of group guidance services in improving student learning discipline at SMP N 30 Padang. The data obtained in this research process is the result of the pretest and posttest related to the learning discipline of students, so that the data can be described clearly. The process of analyzing pretest and posttest data using the Wilcoxon'n test. Before being given the group guidance treatment, the average student learning discipline was 77.9% and was dominated by students who were in the low category, the results were obtained from the pretest. Furthermore, based on the results of the posttest and after being given treatment with group guidance services, the average student learning discipline increased to 101%. It can be concluded that the learning discipline of students is increasing and is in the high category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 356,
"width": 92,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keyword: Group guidance Learning discipline Group guidance service",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 467,
"width": 204,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "© 2022 The Authors. Published by IICET. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 486,
"width": 166,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 500,
"width": 106,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Corresponding Author:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 517,
"width": 131,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rahmat Fajri Asy Syauqi, Universitas Negeri Padang Email: f [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 571,
"width": 75,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 590,
"width": 470,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Disiplin merupakan kepatuhan peserta didik terhadap peraturan yang berkaitan dengan kepatuhannya dalam menghadiri kegiatan sekolah untuk membantu dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar dan menunjukkan bahwa mereka memiliki nilai disiplin yang cukup (Gustiana et al., 2020). Akhmad Sudrajat (Hartini, 2017)disiplin sekolah merupakan refers to students complying with a code of behavior often known as the school rules, bahwa yang dimaksud dengan aturan sekolah (school rule) tersebut seperti aturan tentang standar berpakaian (standards of clothing), ketepatan waktu, perilaku sosial dan etika dalam belajar.Disiplin terbagi atas dua, yaitu disiplin positif dan disiplin negatif. Disiplin positif mengajarkan anak memahami alasan suatu perilaku diperbolehkan dan perilaku yang lainnya dilarang sedangkan disiplin negatif hanya mengajarkan anak untuk patuh dan menghindarkan diri dari hukuman, yang perlu dikembangkan adalah disiplin positif karena disiplin berbeda dengan menghindarkan diri dari hukuman (Telaumbanua, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 712,
"width": 470,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rendahnya kedisiplinan peserta didik akan berdampak kepada proses pembelajaran peserta didik di sekolah (Hastuti, 2016). Peserta didik yang kurang disiplin maka tidak menunjukkan kesiapan dalam mengikuti pelajaran, tidak mengerjakan tugas-tugas, suka membolos, tidak mengerjakan PR, dan tidak memiliki kelengkapan belajar (Cahya, 2015). Namun dalam kenyataannyakondisi yang terjadi di sekolah menunjukkan bahwa banyaknya peserta didik yang tertangkap karena bolos sekolah pada saat proses",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 31,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Asy Syauqi, R.F. & Suhaili, N.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 28,
"width": 165,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia) Vol. 7, No. 2, 2022, pp. 303-309",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 53,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "304",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 234,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage : https://jurnal.iicet.org/index.php/jpgi",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 77,
"width": 470,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pembelajaran.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Wijaksono (2018) bahwa masih banyak peserta didik yang memiliki disiplin belajar yang rendah, melaggar peraturan dan tata tertib sekolah seperti terlambat,bolos, berkelahi, tidak mengerjakan tugas dari guru,setelah melaksanakan layanan bimbingan kelompok kedisiplinan peserta didik meningkat.Displin belajar peserta didik SMK Lembang berada pada kategori sedang dengan jumlah frekuensi sebanyak 386 dengan presentase sebesar 32% (Sari & Hadijah, 2017). Hasil penelitian Widi et al, (2017) juga menunjukkan kedisiplinan peserta didik SMAN 1 Plemahan Kabupaten kediri berada pada kategori sedang dengan persentase 66.7%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diatas menunjukkan kedisiplinan peserta didik cukup sedang, maka perlu untuk ditingkatkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 175,
"width": 470,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan awal yang penulis lakukan pada tanggal 28 Januari 2020 di SMP N 30 Padang dan didukung dengan wawancara dengan peserta didik (VIII) dan guru bimbingan dan konseling di ketahui bahwa permasalahan disiplin belajar yang sering terjadi di sekolah. Melihat permasalahan yang ada di SMP N 30 Padang ini, dimana setiap harinya masih terdapat peserta didik yang tidak disiplin belajar, sehingga perilaku tidak disiplin belajar peserta didik tersebut merupakan permasalahan yang membutuhkan intervensi secara khusus. Hasil wawancara dengan salah seorang guru wali kelas pada Februari 2020, beliau mengatakan bahwa “Pada peserta didik ke las VIII di sekolah ini masih terindikasi memiliki disiplin belajar rendah, ini terbukti dengan adanya 30 peserta didik yang tercatat dalam pembukuan kasus kelas VIII dan sekitar 14 orang ditandai dengan perilaku peserta didik yang terlambat lebih dari 10 menit, pelanggaran tata tertib sekolah, dan meninggalkan pelajaran tanpa izin”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 296,
"width": 470,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wawancara lainnya dengan 1 guru bimbingan konseling dan 4 guru mata pelajaran di SMP N 30 Padang selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung diperoleh keterangan bahwa ketidak pedulian terhadap bentuk kedisiplinan dalam belajar, keinginan belajar peserta didik yang masih rendah, kurangnya rasa percaya diri pada saat diminta untuk menyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan di depan kelas, saat mengerjakan latihan banyak yang masih mengharapkan jawaban dari peserta didik lain, tidak menunjukkan kemampuan belajar secara baik dan bagi peserta didik yang belum memahami materi terkadang mereka hanya diam dan tidak mau bertanya kepada guru maupun peserta didik lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 383,
"width": 470,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa masih banyak peserta didik SMP N 30 Padang dalam proses pembelajaran menunjukkan disiplin belajar yang masih rendah ditunjukkan dengan keinginan belajar peserta didik yang masih rendah, kurangnya rasa percaya diri untuk menyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan di depan kelas, tidak percaya juga dengan jawaban sendiri saat menjawab latihan, tidak menunjukkan kemampuan belajar secara efektif dan tidak ada semangat untuk bertanya apa bila tidak memahami materi dan hanya beberapa peserta didik yang menunjukan semangat dalam belajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 459,
"width": 470,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Apabila pribadi peserta didik memiliki dasar-dasar pertimbangan yang baik dan mampu mengembangkan disiplin diri dalam kehidupaannya, berarti peserta didik tersebut sudah memiliki keteraturan diri berdasarkan acuan nilai karakter disiplin dan mandiri yang sesuai dengan harapan sekolah serta orang tua. Disiplin diri pada peserta didik dikembangkan dengan menggabungkan nilai-nilai kemandirian untuk mengarahkan perilakunya ke arah yang lebih baik. Sedangkan kenyataan di lapangan peserta didik belum memiliki pribadi yang mampu mengembangkan disiplin diri seperti yang diharapkan oleh pihak sekolah dan orang tua. Mayoritas peserta didik tidak hadir tepat waktu ketika masuk sekolah, tidak mematuhi jadwal piket yang telah di tetapkan, tidak memakai seragam sesuai dengan ketentuan dan keluar masuk kelas serta mengerjan tugas rumah di kelas ketika akan dikumpulkan dan beberapa sikap ini menunjukkan ketidak disiplinan peserta didik dalam kegiatan di sekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 580,
"width": 470,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembentukan disiplin juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal, seperti lingkungan keluarga dan lingkungan sekolah. Smith (2004) menjelaskan pengaruh faktor eksternal yaitu keluarga sebagai mikrosistem pertama memberikan pengaruh besar dalam pembentukan kerangka disiplin anak yang dipengaruhi oleh sejarah keluarga, budaya, dan keyakinan dalam keluarga sedangkan sekolah sebagai mikrosistem kedua dapat memberikan pengaruh besar untuk mendukung atau merusak kemampuan keluarga dalam membangun disiplin bagi anak. Smith (2004) juga menjelaskan pembentukan disiplin yang didasari oleh teori sosiokultural, yaitu ketika peserta didik merasakan pengalaman sakit dan negatif dari guru, ia akan menginternalisasi pengalaman itu dalam berinteraksi dengan orang lain",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 678,
"width": 470,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan karakter disiplin peserta didik adalah pelayanan bimbingan konseling kelompok yang harus dikelola dengan baik sehingga berjalan dengan efektif dan produktif oleh guru bimbingan konseling.Layanan bimbingan kelompok pada dasarnya adalah layanan konseling perorangan yang dilaksanakandidalamsuasana kelompok. Disana ada konselor dan ada klien. Terjadi hubungan konseling dengan suasana yang diusahakan sama seperti dengan konselingperorangan yaitu hangat, terbuka, dan penuh keakraban. Ada pengungkapandan pemahaman masalah klien, penulusuran sebab-sebab timbulnya masalah dan upaya pemecahan (Prayitno, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 54,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "305",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 234,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage : https://jurnal.iicet.org/index.php/jpgi",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 53,
"width": 276,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Efektivitas layanan bimbingan kelompok dalam meningkatkan …",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 77,
"width": 470,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Alasan dipilihnya pendekatan bimbingan kelompok karena memperlihatkan beberapa penekanan pada kognitif-perilaku seperti: pertimbangan disiplin, komitmen, dan tanggung jawab.Menurut Sukardi (2008) pelayanan bimbingan kelompok merupakan layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang memungkinkan peserta didik memperoleh kesempatan untuk pembahasan dan pengentasan permasalahanyang dialaminya melalui dinamikakelompok. Bimbingan kelompok berarti layanan yangdidalamnyamembahas dan mengentaskanpermasalahan yang dialami oleh peserta didik yangpenyelengaraannyadilakukandalam suasanakelompokdenganmenaatidinamikakelompok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 164,
"width": 470,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas, peran gurubimbingan dan konseling sangat penting dalam membina karakter peserta didik tentang disiplin, mandiri dan tanggung jawab. Sebagai tindak lanjut dari fenomena yang ditemui, dalam upaya untuk membina peserta didik tentang disiplin, kemandirian dan tanggung jawab dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara. Oleh sebab itu, peneliti tertarik mengembangkan layanan bimbingan kelompok diSMP N 30 Padang. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang telah diuraikan tersebut maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian ek sprimen di SMP N 30 Padang dengan judul “Efektivitas Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dalam Meningkatkan Disiplin Belajar Peserta Didik di SMP N 30 Padang”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 262,
"width": 40,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 282,
"width": 470,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian quasi eksperimen. Bentuk desain quasi experiment yang digunakan yaitu Time series design. Desain penelitian ini hanya menggunakan satu kelompok saja dengan jumlah anggota kelompok sebanyak 10 orang peserta didik dari SMPN 30 Padang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling. Dengan berdasarkan pertimbangan sekolah tersebut memiliki peserta didik yang disiplin belajar cukup rendah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 345,
"width": 470,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu karakter disiplin. Model skala sikap karakter disiplin ini menggunakan skala Likert.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode non parametric dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon karena mengacu pada variabel data yang ada dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel ordinal. Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melihat karakteristik data. Data penelitian untuk meningkatkan disiplip belajar mempunyai karakteristik data sebagai berikut: (1) berpasangan (pretest-posttest), (2) sampelnya kecil (20 orang) yang diasumsikan tidak berdistribusi normal, (3) menggunakan penelitian eksperimen atau perlakuan. Berdasarkan karakteristik data, memperhatikan jumlah data yang sedikit (kurang dari 30) dan mempertimbangkan skor awal (pretest) teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistik non parametrik yaitu Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test dan Kolmogorov Smirnov 2Independent Sampels.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 478,
"width": 125,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 498,
"width": 470,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data yang diperoleh dalam proses penelitian ini adalah hasil dari pretest dan posttet yang berkaitan dengan disiplin belajar peserta didik, sehingga dengan data tersebut dapat dideskripsikan dengan jelas. Proses analisis data pretest dan posttest menggunakan uji Wilcoxon’n.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 539,
"width": 53,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil Pretest",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 556,
"width": 470,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pretest diberikan kepada semua siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 30 Padang untuk mengetahui secara jelas gambaran awal disiplin peserta didik dan sekaligus memilih subjek dari penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data pretest, kemudian peneliti memilih 10 peserta didik yang memiliki didiplin belajar pada kategori rendah, dan sangat rendah, yang akan diberikan perlakuan. Adapun peserta didik yang menjadi subjek penelitian dapat dilihat pada Tabel 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 620,
"width": 470,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengolahan data pada tabel 5. diatas menyatakan perbedaan skor disiplin belajar antara Pretest 1, Pretest 2, dan Pretest 3 Pretest 4. Perbedaan ini dapat dibuktikan dengan membendingkan skor rata-rata disiplin belajar yakni skor pretest 1 sebesar 74,7 lebih kecil dari pretest 2 yakni 77,7 dan pretest 3 78,5 lebih besar dari pretest 2 sedang kan pretes 4 sebesar 80,7 lebih besar dariPretest 2 dan Pretes 3. Dimana perbedaannya mungkin disebabkan karena faktor eksternal seperti peserta didik mendapatkan pelajaran tentang disiplin belajar dari guru BK (Bimbingan Konseling). Menurut Imron (2011) Disiplin Belajar adalah suatu sikap yang taat dan patuh terhadap suatu peraturan yang berlaku selama mengikuti proses belajar mengajar. Tanpa adanya peraturan maka tidak akan dicapai kedisiplinan, dengan adanya suatu peraturan akan melatih seseorang untuk disiplin dengan segala hal dan dengan sikap yang selalu disiplin yang membuat seseorang dengan apa yang seseorang itu impikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 31,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Asy Syauqi, R.F. & Suhaili, N.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 28,
"width": 165,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia) Vol. 7, No. 2, 2022, pp. 303-309",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 53,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "306",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 234,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage : https://jurnal.iicet.org/index.php/jpgi",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 77,
"width": 458,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Skor Pretest 1,2,3,4 Disiplin Belajar Peserta Didik Pretest 1 Pretest 2 Pretest 3 Pretest 4 Kode Siswa Skor Kategori Skor Kategori Skor Kategori Skor Kategori MAS 76 R 78 R 78 R 80 R NV 70 SR 76 R 78 R 79 R KPM 71 SR 78 R 80 R 80 R NL 78 R 80 R 78 R 84 R NA 73 R 78 R 80 R 81 R NPR 80 R 80 R 78 R 79 R SH 78 R 78 R 80 R 80 R HD 70 SR 75 R 78 R 80 R CT 75 R 78 R 76 R 82 R FA 76 R 76 R 79 R 82 R Rata- rata 74,7 Rendah 77,7 Rendah 78,5 Rendah 80,7 Rendah Keterangan ST : Sangat Sesuai T : Tinggi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 309,
"width": 98,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "S : Ragu-ragu R : Tidak Sesuai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 333,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SR",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 333,
"width": 94,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ": Sangat Tidak Sesuai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 356,
"width": 58,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil posttest",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 367,
"width": 473,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Posttes 1 diberikan setelah mendapatakan perlakuan layanan bimbingan kelompok untuk mengetahui secara jelas gambaran disiplin belajar peserta didik . Adapun data Posttest 1 dapat dilihat pada tabel 6 sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 396,
"width": 256,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2. Skor Posttest 1,2,3,4 Disiplin Belajar Peserta Didik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 414,
"width": 458,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Postest 1 Postest 2 Postest 3 Postest 4 Kode Siswa Skor Kategori Skor Kategori Skor Kategori Skor Kategori MAS 85 S 85 S 92 S 99 T NV 87 S 95 S 99 T 108 T KPM 95 S 98 T 106 T 108 T NL 99 T 111 ST 114 ST 116 ST NA 86 S 96 T 102 T 106 T NPR 102 T 112 ST 116 ST 116 ST SH 92 S 99 T 102 T 108 T HD 87 S 96 S 102 T 102 T CT 95 S 108 ST 114 ST 111 ST FA 86 S 97 S 104 T 104 T Rata- rata 91,4 Sedang 99,7 Tinggi 105,1 Tinggi 107,8 Tinggi Keterangan ST : Sangat Sesuai",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 620,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "T",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 620,
"width": 35,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ": Tinggi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 631,
"width": 130,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "S : Ragu-ragu R : Tidak Sesuai SR : Sangat Tidak Sesuai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 672,
"width": 471,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengolahan data Posttest pada tabel 7 diatas menyatakan perbedaan skor disiplin belajar Postest 1,2,3,4. Perbedaan skor ini dapat dibuktikan dengan membandingkan rata-rata disiplin belajar peserta didik , yaitu skor 1 sebesar 91,4 lebih kecil dari Posttes 2 yakni 99,7 dan posttes 3 lebih besar dari posttes 2 yakni 105,1 dan Postest 4 yaitu dengan skor 107,8. Peningkatan yang terjadi pada peserta didik disebabkan karena peserta didik sudah di beri perlakuan layanan bimbingan kelompok tentang disiplin belajar.Tabeldi atas menjelaskan bahwa skor rata-rata pretest 1, pretest 2 pretest 3, dan pretest 4 yakni dengan skor 77,9 dan skor rata- rata pada postest 1, postest 2 , postest 3 yakni dengan skor 101. Selisih antara skor rata – rata pretest 1,2,3,4 dengan posttest",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 54,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "307",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 234,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage : https://jurnal.iicet.org/index.php/jpgi",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 53,
"width": 276,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Efektivitas layanan bimbingan kelompok dalam meningkatkan …",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 77,
"width": 470,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1,2,3,4 yaitu sebesar 23,1. Selanjutnya kondisi disiplin sesuai dengan hasil deskripsi data pretest 1, pretest 2, pretest 3, pretest 4 posttest 1, posttest 2, posttes 3, postest 4 diperkuat dengan grafik 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 308,
"width": 279,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Perbedaan skor rata-rata disiplin belajar peserta didik",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 331,
"width": 470,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan grafik 1 tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan skor rata-rata disiplin belajar peserta didik Pretest 1,2,3,4.Hal ini menunjukan adanya validitas internal maupun eksternal yang tidak dpat dikendalikan oleh peneliti dan ikut serta mempengaruhi disiplin belajar peserta didik yang menjadi subjek penelitian. Kemudian pada tahap posttest 1 setelah diberikan layanan bimbingankelompok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 383,
"width": 470,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan demikian hasil tersebut menunjukan layanan bimbingan konseling kelompok dapat meningkatkan disiplin belajar peserta didik. Kemudian di samping karena perlakuan yang diberikan kepada subjek penelitian, validitas eksternal juga memeberikan konstribusi dalam peningkatan skor pemahaman disiplin belajar baik posttest 2 hingga posttest 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 435,
"width": 473,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada saat Pretest kondisi disiplin belajar peserta didik berada pada kategori rendah. Disiplin belajar peserta didik sebelum diberikan perlakuan sebesar 92,8 dan setelah diberikan bimbingan kelompok , disiplin belajar peserta didik mengalami peningkatan menjadi 124,6 dan berada pada kategori tinggi. Perbedaan skor disiplin belajar peserta didik tersebut adalah akibat diberikan bimbingan kelompok. Disiplin belajar sangat penting dimiliki oleh peserta didik , oleh karenanya perlu suatu upaya untuk membantu meningkatkan disiplin belajar peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 510,
"width": 470,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bimbingan kelompok adalah salah satu jenis layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang diselenggarakan secara kelompok dengan mengikutkan sejumlah peserta dalam bentuk kelompok. Prayitno (2018) menjelaskan bahwa layanaan bimbingan kelompok merupakan suatu kegiatan yang mengaktifkan dinamika kelompok untuk membahas berbagai hal yang berguna bagi pengembangan pribadi individu yang menjadi peserta kegiatan kelompok untuk mencapai tujuan yang sama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 574,
"width": 471,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Asmati (2010) menjelaskan bahwa, layanan bimbingan kelompok yaitu layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang memungkinkan sejumlah peserta didik (klien), secara bersama-sama, melalui dinamika kelompok, memperoleh bahan-bahan dari narasumber tertentu (terutama dari guru pembimbing), membahas secara bersama-sama pokok bahasan (topik) tertentu yang berguna untuk menunjang pemahaman dan kehidupan mereka sehari-hari, dan atau untuk pengembangan kemampuan sosial, baik sebagai individu maupun sebagai pelajar. Melalui kelompok peserta didik mendapatkan disiplin belajar sehingga dapat merubah sikap peserta didik tersebut. Sesudah siswa diberikan bimbingan kelompok, skor posttest mengalami peningkatan dari kategori rendah menjadi tinggi. selisih skor nilai mean disiplin belajar peserta didik sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan cukup tinggi. Perbedaan perolehan skor disiplin belajar tersebut adalah akibat diberikan bimbingan kelompok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 696,
"width": 470,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Disiplin pada dasarnya kontrol diri dalam mematuhi aturan baik yang dibuat oleh diri sendiri maupun diluar diri baik keluarga, lembaga pendidikan, masyarakat, bernegara maupun beragama (Daryanto, 2013). Menurut Imron (2011) Disiplin Belajar adalah suatu sikap yangtaat dan patuh terhadap suatu peraturan yang berlaku selama mengikutiproses belajar mengajar. Tanpa adanya peraturan maka tidak akan dicapai kedisiplinan, dengan adanya suatu peraturan akan melatihseseorang untuk disiplin dengan segala hal dan dengan sikap yangselalu disiplin yang membuat seseorang dengan apa yang seseorang ituimpikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 123,
"width": 371,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Pretest 1 Pretest 2 Pretest 3 Pretest 4 Postest 1 Postest 2 Postest 3 Postest 4 Skor",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 31,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Asy Syauqi, R.F. & Suhaili, N.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 28,
"width": 165,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia) Vol. 7, No. 2, 2022, pp. 303-309",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 521,
"top": 53,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "308",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 234,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage : https://jurnal.iicet.org/index.php/jpgi",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 77,
"width": 470,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ardy (2014) menjelaskan fungsi utama disiplin adalah untuk mengajar mengendalikan diri dengan mudah, menghormati, dan mematuhi otoritas. Disiplin perlu dibina pada peseta didik agar mereka dengan mudah dapat: (1) meresapkan pengetahuan dan pengertian sosial secara mendalam dalam drinya; (2) mengerti dengan segera menjalankan apa yang menjasi kewajibannya dan secara langsung mengerti larangan-larangan yang harus ditinggalkan; (3) mengerti dan dapat membedakan perilaku yang baik dan perilaku yang buruk; (4) belajar mengendalikan keinginan dan berbuat sesuatu tanpa adanya peringatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 152,
"width": 470,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adanya perbedaan antara hasil pretest dan posttest pada kelompok eksperimen diduga sebagai akibat dari bimbingan kelompok yang diberikan. bimbingan kelompok menurut Prayitno (2012) sebagai berikut. 1) Melatih peserta didik untuk berani mengemukakan pendapat didepan teman-temannya, 2) Melatih peserta didik untuk terbiasa bersifat terbuka dalam kelompok, 3) Melatih peserta didik untuk terbiasa membina keakraban bersama teman-teman dalam kelompok khususnya dan teman diluar kelompok umumnya, 4) Membiasakan peserta didik untuk dapat mengendalikan diri dalam kelompok, 5) Melatih peserta didik untuk bersikap tenggang rasa dengan orang lain, 6) Membiasakan untuk memperoleh keterampilan sosial, 7) Membantu peserta didik agar mampu mengenali dan memahami dirinya dalam hubungannya dengan orang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 250,
"width": 470,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konselor juga memanfaatkan dinamika kelompok dimana setiap kelompok anggota kelompoknya merasa dirinya dihargai, diberikan kesempatan seluas luasnya menyatakan pendapatnya, dan diajarkan untuk saling berbagi yakni mendengarkan pendapat orang lain dengan selalu menekankan asas – asas dalam bimbingan kelompok. Prayitno (1995) menjelaskan dinamika kelompok merupakan sinergi dari semua faktor yang ada dalam suatu kelompok, artinya merupakan pengerahan secara serentak semua faktor yang dapat digerakkan dalam kelompok itu. Dengan demikian dinamika kelompok merupakan jiwa yang menghidupkan dan menghidupi suatu kelompok sehingga pada akhirnya diskusi masing-masing anggota kelompok memberikan pernyataan apa yang akan dilakukan setelah kegiatan bimbingan kelompok dengan meningkatkan disiplin belajar peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 372,
"width": 53,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 392,
"width": 470,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah diuraikan pada BAB IV tentang efektivitas layanan bimbingan kelompok dalam meningkatkan disiplin belajar peserta didik di SMP N 30 Padang, maka secara umum kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bimbingan kelompok efektiv dalam meningkatkan disiplin belajar peserta didik. Selanjutnya, secara khusus temuan dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu terdapat perbedaan hasil disiplin belajar peserta didik sebelum dan sesudah di beri perlakuan bimbingan kelompok, dimana rata- rata hasil disiplin belajar peserta didik meningkat sesuadah di berikan perlakuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 467,
"width": 470,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebelum diberikan perlakuan bimbingan kelompok rata-rata disiplin belajar peserta didik sebesar 77,9% dan didominasi oleh peserta didik yang berada pada kategori rendah, hasil tersebut didapatkan dari pretest. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan hasil posttest dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan layanan bimbingan kelompok rata – rata disiplin belajar peserta didik meningkat menjadi 101%. Dapat disimpulkan, bahwa disiplin belajar peserta didik meningkat dan berada pada kategori tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 542,
"width": 53,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Referensi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 562,
"width": 374,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ardi, N. S. (2014). Panduan Sukses Komunikasi Belajar-Mengajar . Jogjakarta: DIVA Press. Arikunto, S. (2014). Prosedur peneltian: suatu pendekatan praktik . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 585,
"width": 468,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Asmani, J.M. (2010). Menjadi guru inspiratif, kreatif, dan inovatif . Jogjakarta: DIVA Press. Aulina, C. N. (2013). Penanaman Disiplin Pada Anak Usia Dini. PEDAGOGIA: Jurnal Pendidikan, 2(1), 36 – 49. https://doi.org/10.21070/pedagogia.v2i1.45.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 620,
"width": 471,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aqib, Z. (2011). Pendidikan Karakter Membangun Perilaku Positif Anak Bangsa, Bandung: Yrama Widya. Cahya, S. B. (2015). Pengaruh disiplin dan partisipasi siswa terhadap prestasi belajar melaksanakan komunikasi bisnis siswa smk di kecamatan dawarblandong dengan percaya diri sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Ekonomi Pendidikan Dan Kewirausahaan, 3(1), 48 – 60.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 666,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 678,
"width": 470,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gustiana, L., Daharnis, & Marjohan. (2020). Improving discipline analysis of high school students with guidance and counseling approaches. International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education, 04(01), 15 – 20. Https://doi.org/10.24036/00173za0002.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 712,
"width": 470,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hurlock, E. B. (2012). Perkembangan anak, terj. dr. Med Meitasari Tjandrasa. Jakarta: Erlangga. Hartini, S. (2017). Pendidikan karakter disiplin siswa di era modern sinergi orang tua dan guru di MTs Negeri Kabupaten Klaten. Basic Of Education, 02(01), 38 – 59.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 54,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "309",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 786,
"width": 234,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage : https://jurnal.iicet.org/index.php/jpgi",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 53,
"width": 276,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Efektivitas layanan bimbingan kelompok dalam meningkatkan …",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 77,
"width": 471,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hastuti, P. (2016). Pengaruh disiplin belajar terhadap kesulitan belajar ekonomi siswa kelas x sekolah berasrama di Kota Padang Panjang. JURNAL EDUCATIVE: Journal of Educational Studies, 1(2), 168 – 177. Ilahi, R., Syahniar, S., & Ibrahim, I. (2013). Faktor yang mempengaruhi pelanggaran disiplin siswa dan implikasinya terhadap layanan bimbingan & konseling. Konselor, 2(2), 20 – 25.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 123,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.24036/02013221722-0-00.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 134,
"width": 470,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Liana, A. (2019). Upaya meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa dalam menaati tata tertib melalui layanan penguasaan konten dengan teknik modelling pada siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 19 Kota Jambi Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. JurnalIlmiahDikdaya, 9(1), 1 – 11. https://doi.org/10.33087/dikdaya.v9i1.119.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 169,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mufidah, U. (2012). Efektivitas Pemberian reward melalui metode token ekonomi untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan anak usia dini. Belia, 1(1), 1 – 5. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/belia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 192,
"width": 355,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Moenir. (2010). Manajemen Pelayanan Umum di Indonesia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 204,
"width": 471,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ningsih, B. M., & Widiharto, C. A. (2014). Peningkatan disiplin siswa dengan layanan informasi media film bekti. Empati, 1(1), 73 – 92. Prayitno. (2004). Seri Layanan Konseling. FIP UNP. Prayitno. (2012). Jenis Layanan dan Kegiatan Pendukung Konseling. UNP Press. Sanderi, F., Marjohan, & Sukmawati, I. (2013). Kepatuhan siswa terhadap disiplin dan upaya guru bk dalam meningkatkannya melalui layanan informasi. Konselor, 2(1), 220 – 224.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 273,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.24036/02013211008-0-00.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 284,
"width": 470,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari, B. P., & Hadijah, H. S. (2017). Meningkatkan disiplin belajar siswa melalui manajemen kelas. Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran, 2(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v2i2.8113. Sofan, A. (2013). Pengembangan & model pembelajaran dalam kurikulum. Jakarta:Prestasi Pustaka Publisher. Sugiyono. (2016). Metode penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung: Alfabeta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 331,
"width": 470,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Telaumbanua, K. (2018). Efektivitas layanan konseling kelompok dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan belajar siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Lahusa. Jurnal Education And Development, 4(1), 25.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 354,
"width": 470,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tohirin. (2007). Bimbingan dan Konseling di Sekolah dan Madrasah. PT Raja Grapindo Persada. Tu’u, T. (2004). Peran D isiplin Pada Perilaku dan Prestasi Siswa. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Widi, E. N. N., Saraswati, P., & Dayakisni, T. (2017). Kedisiplinan siswa-siswi sma ditinjau dari perilaku shalat wajib lima waktu. Jurnal Psikologi Islam, 4(2), 135 – 150.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 400,
"width": 220,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 411,
"width": 470,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Winkel, W. S. (2013). Bimbingan dan Konseling di Institusi Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Media Abadi. Yuliantika, S. (2017). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi disiplin belajar siswa kelas X, XI, dan XII di SMA Bhakti Yasa Singaraja tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Undiksha, 9(1), 35 – 44. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpe.v9i1.19987'.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 458,
"width": 464,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yusuf, A. M. (2016). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Penelitian Gabungan. Padang: UNP.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
ad26a667-4774-680f-9f4f-dd207668bd7f | https://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JISIP/article/download/3085/2418 | [
{
"left": 57,
"top": 38,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 52,
"width": 424,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 6, No. 2 Maret 2022 e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944 DOI: 10.36312/ jisip.v6i1.3085/http://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JISIP/index",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 797,
"width": 385,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4009 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 109,
"width": 336,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 135,
"width": 271,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Muhammad Agung , 2 Emmanuel Ariananto Waluyo Adi ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 148,
"width": 469,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Mahasiswa Program Pascasarjana Magister Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 174,
"width": 338,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Analis Hukum Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 201,
"width": 479,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article Info Abstract Article history: Received : 02 Maret 2022 Publish: 14 Maret 2022 Indonesia is one of the countries that has the largest nickel reserves in the world. In addition to being used for export, currently the government has required domestic downstream nickel. In addition, the potential for nickel in Indonesia also plays a role in increasing investment for state revenues through investment consolidation. Through the policy of banning nickel ore exports, the long-term sustainability of raw nickel supply for domestic smelter needs is maintained. However, there are issues in the community due to the export ban affecting the selling price of nickel, in particular having an impact on business activities. This paper discusses the extent of nickel investment policies, nickel ore exports, downstreaming, and the obstacles faced. The author found that nickel downstreaming actually pushed nickel prices in a positive direction, thus encouraging investors to come to Indonesia",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 277,
"width": 46,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords:",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 289,
"width": 51,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Investment, Nickel, Smelter",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 352,
"width": 479,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Info Artikel ABSTRAK Article history: Diterima : 02 Maret 2022 Publis : 14 Maret 2022 Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki cadangan nikel yang besar di dunia. Selain nikel digunakan untuk diekspor saat ini pemerintah telah mewajibkan hilirisasi nikel di dalam negeri. Selain itu potensi nikel di Indonesia juga berperan dalam peningkatan investasi untuk penerimaan negara bisa melalui investasi smelter. Melalui kebijakan larangan ekspor ore nikel, kesinambungan pasokan nikel mentah dalam jangka panjang untuk kebutuhan smelter domestik tetap terjaga. Tetapi terdapat isu di masyarakat akibat larangan ekspor mempengaruhi harga jual nikel khususnya berdampak bagi kegiatan usaha. Tulisan ini membahas sejauh mana kebijakan investasi nikel, larangan ekspor ore nikel, hilirisasi, dan kendala yang dihadapi. Penulis menemukan bahwa adanya hilirisasi nikel justru mendorong harga nikel ke arah yang positif sehingga mendorong para investor datang ke Indonesia",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 502,
"width": 307,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This is an open access article under the Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi- BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 542,
"width": 100,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Corresponding Author:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 554,
"width": 84,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhammad Agung",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 565,
"width": 470,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mahasiswa Program Pascasarjana Magister Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 605,
"width": 106,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 618,
"width": 101,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1.1.Latar Belakang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 632,
"width": 449,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber daya mineral di Indonesia memiliki potensi yang cukup banyak dan hampir tersebar di seluruh pelosok nusantara. Indonesia yang kaya akan sumberdaya mineral sehingga menghasilkan pemasukan yang cukup besar bagi negara melalui pajak dan royalti setiap tahunnya. Menurut United States Geological Survey (USGS), cadangan nikel Indonesia adalah nomor satu dunia, Dari 2,67 juta ton produksi nikel di seluruh dunia, Indonesia telah memproduksi 800 ribu ton, jauh mengungguli Filipina (420 ribu ton Ni), Rusia (270 ton Ni), dan Kaledonia Baru (220 ribun ton Ni) kemudian juga Berdasarkan data dari Kementerian ESDM tahun 2020, ketahanan cadangan nikel di Indonesia mencapai 2,6 miliar ton cadangan dengan umur cadangan mencapai 27 tahun. Berdasarkan pemetaan Badan Geologi pada Juli 2020, Indonesia memiliki sumber daya bijih nikel sebesar 11.887 juta ton (tereka 5.094 juta ton, terunjuk 5.094 juta ton, terukur 2.626 ton, hipotetik 228 juta",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 38,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 38,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 797,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4010 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 60,
"width": 449,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ton) dan cadangan bijih sebesar 4.346 juta ton (terbukti 3.360 juta ton dan terikira 986 juta ton). Sedangkan untuk total sumber daya logam mencapai 174 juta ton dan 68 juta ton cadangan logam. Data menunjukan bahwa SDA nikel di Indonesia sangat mendukung untuk meningkatkan ekonomi bisa dari ekspor, investasi, dll. Investasi merupakan salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan harta kekayaan yang dimiliki secara produktif. Investasi dapat dilakukan di Pasar Modal dalam bentuk saham yang memiliki peran penting dalam kegiatan ekonomi. Adapun faktor-faktor yang dijadikan bahan pertimbangan investor dalam menanamkan modalnya antara lain: Faktor Sumber Daya Alam, Sumber Daya Manusia, Faktor Stabilitas Politik dan Perekonomian, Faktor Kebijakan Pemerintah, dan Faktor Kemudahan dalam Perizinan. Realisasi investasi sub sektor mineral dan batu bara sendiri baru mencapai sebesar US$3,5 miliar hingga 10 Desember 2021, atau 81,3 persen dari target US$4,3 miliar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 225,
"width": 449,
"height": 370,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam mendukung perkembangan industri nikel yang terintegrasi maka Pemerintah akan meningkatkan hilirisasi nikel dalam negeri yang salah satunya dengan peningkatan jumlah smelter. Pemerintah menargetkan pembangunan 53 smelter hingga 2024 mendatang , dimana pada 2021 terdapat 19 smelter telah berdiri dengan tambahan 4 smelter ditargetkan rampung pada akhir tahun. Keempat smelter tersebut adalah milik PT Aneka Tambang Tbk. dengan progres 97,7 persen, PT Smelter Nikel Indonesia (100 persen), PT Cahaya Modern Metal Industri (100 persen), dan PT Kapuas Prima Citra dengan progres pengerjaan mencapai 99,87 persen pada Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 11 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Permen ESDM Nomor 25 Tahun 2018 tentang Pengusahaan Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara yaitu per Januari 2020, bijih nikel dengan kadar di bawah 1,7 persen tidak dapat dikirim/diekspor mentah-mentah ke luar negeri, Keputusan tersebut dilakukan dalam upaya menjaga cadangan nikel dengan mempertimbangkan keberlanjutan pasokan bahan baku dari smelter yang sudah ada , Salah satu alasan pemerintah memberlakukan pelarangan ekspor ore nikel adalah bahwa nikel dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk komponen mobil listrik. Percepatan pelarangan ekspor bertujuan untuk mendukung program pemerintah dalam percepatan program mobil listrik. Industri mobil listrik sangat bergantung terhadap komoditas nikel sebagai bahan baku pembuatan baterai mobil listrik. Program tersebut tertuang dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 55 Tahun 2019 tentang Percepatan Program Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik berbasis Baterai untuk Transportasi Jalan. Indonesia juga memiliki teknologi untuk mengolah nikel kadar rendah yang bisa diubah menjadi cobalt serta lithium sebagai bahan baku pembuatan baterai untuk kendaraan listrik, yang mana program pembuatan kendaraan listrik Nikel merupakan komoditas yang paling menguntungkan karena menjadi bahan utama pembuatan baterai litium, terutama melihat permintaan produksi untuk kendaraan listrik yang semakin tinggi belakangan ini Saat ini ada beberapa jenis produk olahan nikel di Indonesia, yaitu nickel pig iron (NPI),feronikel (FeNi), Ni-matte, mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP), mixed sulphide precipitate (MSP), dan baja tahan karat ( stainless steel).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 598,
"width": 449,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada tahun 2022 dan tahun 2023, Indonesia akan memasuki era hilirisasi sumber daya alam. Bicara mengenai hilirisasi mineral, patut untuk diketahui terlebih dahulu apa saja yang menjadi kegiatan pokok dalam usaha mineral dan batubara (minerba). Pertama, kegiatan penambangan ( mining ), kemudian peleburan ( smelting ), dan terakhir adalah pemurnian. Dari ketiga kegiatan pokok tersebut, yang berada pada sektor hulu dalam usaha mineral batubara adalah aktifitas penambangan, sedang dua lainnya (Peleburan dan pemurnian) adalah termasuk aktifitas hilir. Sehingga, hilirisasi dimaknai sebagai segala proses peleburan dan pemurnian hasil tambang. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan penghentian ekspor nikel keluar negeri sebagai bahan mentah. Sebaliknya, nikel akan diolah terlebih dahulu di Indonesia sebelum hasilnya nanti akan di ekspor Tantangan hilirisasi saat ini diantaranya yaitu hampir seluruh produk hasil pengolahan nikel di Indonesia, diekspor keluar negeri sebagai bahan baku industri vital dan strategis yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi dan teknologi pengolahan dan pemurnian masih dikuasai oleh asing terutama China, Jepang, dll. Selain itu beberapa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 38,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 38,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 797,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4011 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 60,
"width": 449,
"height": 314,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kendala dalam mengembangkan smelter hilirisasi di Indonesia, diantaranya keterbatasan cadangan mineral dan persebaran cadangan mineral sehingga tidak ada jaminan pasokan bahan baku; terbatasnya luas lahan dalam Izin Usaha Pertambangan (IUP) yang dikeluarkan bersamaan beberapa IUP harus bergabung agar tersedia bahan baku yang cukup untuk membangun satu unit smelter; belum tersedianya pasokan energi yang memadai dan ekonomis di lokasi atau yang bisa diakses di lokasi tambang; serta belum terbangunnya sinergi antar industri; kurangnya infrastruktur pengangkutan bahan baku dan hasil produksi pabrik; dan masih kecilnya daya serap produk oleh industri hilir domestik, padahal pasar ekspor cukup jenuh Permen ESDM 11/2020 tentang Perubahan Ketiga Atas Peraturan Menteri Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor 07 Tahun 2017 Tentang Tata Cara Penetapan Harga Patokan Penjualan Mineral Logam Dan Batubara menyebutkan Smelter Wajib Beli Bijih Nikel Sesuai Harga Patokan Mineral. Kenaikan royalti nikel juga akan mendorong peningkatan nilai tambah nikel melalui aktivitas hilirisasi. Hal ini dikarenakan nilai royalti nikel yang memang naik sampai 10%. Namun kondisi royalti nikel yang telah diolah menjadi feronikel justru mengalami penurunan dari 4% menjadi 2%. Dalam perkembangannya untuk sektor sumber daya alam energi dan mineral, pemerintah telah menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (Permen ESDM) Nomor 11 tahun 2019 yang mewajibkan perusahaan untuk mendirikan smelter (pemurnian), hal ini tentu saja dapat membuat pengolahan bijih nikel memiliki nilai jual yang lebih baik namun juga memiliki kendala biaya dalam pembangunan dan pengembangan industri dari smelter tersebut. Berdasarkan hal-hal diatas maka penulis ingin membahas efektivitas Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 11 Tahun 2019 terhadap harga jual nikel dalam peningkatan investasi di Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 391,
"width": 74,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 405,
"width": 467,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metodologi pada hakikatnya memberikan pedoman, tentang cara-cara seorang ilmuwan mempelajari, menganalisa dan memahami lingkungan-lingkungan yang dihadapinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Yuridis Normatif yaitu penulisan karya ilmiah yang didasarkan pada studi kepustakaan dan mencari konsep-konsep, pendapat-pendapat ataupun penemuan yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan hukum. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif yang tidak hanya mengkaji hukum dalam arti peraturan perundang-undangan tetapi mencakup aspek yang lebih luas, yaitu sesuatu yang dapat ditelusuri melalui literatur. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis hermeneutik dan interpretasi. Analisis hermeneutik digunakan untuk memahami teks sebagai rangkaian tanda yang disusun sedemikian rupa oleh pengarang untuk menyampaikan makna tertentu. Sebaliknya, analisis interpretasi digunakan untuk menafsirkan dan mengungkapkan esensi ontologis, epistemologis, dan aksiologis yang terkait dengan tujuan penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 598,
"width": 179,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Investasi secara umum",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 626,
"width": 467,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Istilah hukum investasi berasal dari terjemahan bahasa inggris yakni investment of . Dalam regulasi tidak dikenal istilah apa itu investasi. Untuk mengetahui pengertian dari pada investasi, diperlukan beberapa pandangan dari para ahli. Investasi adalah norma-norma hukum mengenai kemungkinan-kemungkinan dapat dilakukannya investasi, syarat-syarat investasi, perlindungan dan yang terpenting mengarahkan agar investasi dapat mewujudkan kesejahteraan rakyat. Apabila mengartikan investasi dari sudut pandang ekonomi maka investasi sebagai salah satu faktor produksi disamping faktor produksi lainnya, dapat pula diartikan sebagai:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 722,
"width": 388,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. suatu tindakan untuk membeli saham, obligasi atau suatu penyertaan lainnya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 736,
"width": 207,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. suatu tindakan membeli barang modal;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 750,
"width": 419,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. pemanfaatan dana yang tersedia untuk produksi dengan pendapatan di masa datang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 38,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 38,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 797,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4012 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 467,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Secara Normatif pengertian investasi dapat dilihat di dalam Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1967 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang- Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1970 Tentang Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) dan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1968 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1970 Tentang Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN). Menurut Undang-undang tersebut dijelaskan batasan pengertian Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) dan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN). Kedua Undang-Undang tersebut terakhir dicabut dan diganti dengan Undang- Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penanaman Modal (“UUPM”).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 170,
"width": 467,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Prof. Dr. Adler Haymans Manurung investasi tidak saja hanya menggunakan estimasi atas proyek instrumen investasi, namun faktor psikologi juga turut menentukan dari investasi tersebut. Adanya faktor psikologi tersebut mempengaruhi berinvestasi dan hasil yang akan dicapai. Oleh karenanya, analisis berinvestasi yang menggunakan ilmu psikologi dapat mempengaruhi tingkah laku atau perilaku investor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 239,
"width": 466,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ada beberapa jenis investasi yang umum dalam dunia bisnis yakni diantaranya sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 267,
"width": 60,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Deposito",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 280,
"width": 452,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penanaman modal dalam bentuk simpanan uang kepada suatu perusahaan dengan jaminan investor akan menerima keuntungan berupa bunga dalam jangka waktu yang sudah disepakati. Investasi dalam bentuk deposito dibedakan menjadi deposito berjangka dan sertifikat deposito;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 336,
"width": 50,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Saham",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 349,
"width": 453,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Invetasi berupa saham sudah umum dilakukan pada perusahaan –perusahaan besar. Saham adalah bentuk lain dari aset perusahaan. Misalnya jika Anda memiliki saham 50% dari suatu perusahaan maka sama saja Anda memiliki aset setengah dari total aset yang dimiliki perusahaan tersebut. Saham umumnya dibuat dalam bentuk surat berharga yang menunjukkan kepemilikan;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 419,
"width": 467,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Obligasi Obligasi umumnya dilakukan pada bisnis yang menyediakan jasa pinjaman modal. Keuntungan yang didapatkan dengan cara investasi obligasi lebih tinggi daripada deposito karena bunga yang dipatok juga lebih tinggi. Namun cara ini lebih berisiko karena jika peminjam modal bangkrut maka ada kemungkinan utang tidak dibayarkan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 488,
"width": 466,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Reksadana Selain saham, reksadana kini juga sedang populer di kalangan pebisnis maupun masyarakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 515,
"width": 453,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Reksadana adalah tempat untuk menghimpun uang secara kolektif dan dana yang terkumpul tersebut akan dikelola oleh manajer. Untung dan rugi akan dibagi rata kepada seluruh investor. Sehingga reksadana bisa disebut juga tempat berkumpulnya para investor;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 557,
"width": 101,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Investasi Properti",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 570,
"width": 453,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jenis investasi ini termasuk investasi non riil karena bukan berupa uang namun berupa bangunan seperti rumah, gedung atau apartemen. Bentuk investasi ini terbilang paling menguntungkan karena harga jual properti jarang turun bahkan selalu naik;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 612,
"width": 44,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Emas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 626,
"width": 453,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Investasi juga bisa dalam bentuk emas. Sama halnya dengan properti, investasi emas cenderung lebih menguntungkan daripada bentuk investasi yang riil. Umumnya emas yang diinvestasikan berupa emas batangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 667,
"width": 466,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bentuk-bentuk Investasi pada umumnya dapat dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 695,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Investasi Pada Aktiva Riil",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 708,
"width": 452,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suatu investasi yang dilakukan seseorang dalam bentuk kasat mata atau dapat dilihat secara fisik. Misalnya pada investasi emas, properti, tanah, logam mulia, dan lain-lain;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 736,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Investasi Pada Aktiva Finansial",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 750,
"width": 453,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Merupakan suatu investasi yang dilakukan seseorang dalam bentuk surat-surat berharga. Misalnya pada saham, deposito, dan lain sebagainya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 38,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 38,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 797,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4013 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 151,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Proses Investasi di Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 73,
"width": 467,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Investasi di Indonesia bisa dilakukan dengan penanaman modal sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 25 Tahun 2007 tentang penanaman modal beserta peraturan turunannya. Disebutkan dalam Undang-Undang No. 25 Tahun 2007 tentang penanaman modal yang merupakan atas perkembangan kegiatan penanaman modal/investasi dari tahun 1967 sebagaimana yang telah diuraikan sebelumnya. Penanaman modal adalah segala bentuk kegiatan menanam modal, baik oleh penanam modal dalam negeri maupun penanam modal asing untuk melakukan usaha di wilah negara Republik Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 170,
"width": 223,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penanaman modal terbagi menjadi dua yakni:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 184,
"width": 240,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN) dan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 198,
"width": 174,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 211,
"width": 467,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penanaman modal dalam negeri adalah perseorangan warga negara Indonesia, badan usaha Indonesia, negara Republik Indonesia, atau daerah yang melakukan penanaman modal di wilayah negara Republik Indonesia. Penanaman modal dalam negeri dilaksanakan berdasarkan Undang-Undang No.25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal. Bidang usaha yang dapat menjadi garapan penanaman modal dalam negeri adalah semua bidang usaha yang ada di Indonesia. Namun ada juga bidang-bidang yang perlu dipelopori oleh pemerintah dan wajib dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah. Penanaman modal dalam negeri di luar bidang-bidang tersebut dapat diselenggarakan oleh swasta nasional. Misalnya seperti: perkebunan, pertanian, perikanan, telekomunikasi, jasa umum, perdagangan umum, pertambangan. Penanaman modal dalam negeri dapat merupakan kerjasama bisnis antara modal negara dan modal swasta nasional, misalnya seperti: di bidang telekomunikasi, perkebunan dan pertambangan yang mana pemerintah lebih berperan dalam melakukan pengawasan terhadap perusahaan yang dijalankan oleh swasta nasional.Terdapat beberapa dasar hukum dalam penanaman modal yang dikemukakan di atas serta beberapa ketentuan-ketentuan pokok yang menjadi acuan dalam melaksanakan kegiatannya, baik bidang usaha maupun beberapa aspek lainnya, seperti aspek kelembagaan, ketenagakerjaan, aspek perlindungan hukum dan selainnya. Disinilah terlihat sangat penting untuk memahami ketentuan-ketentuan pokok dalam bidang penanaman modal tersebut, agar semakin jelas dalam menjalankan aturan-aturan yang terkait, dan juga agar dapat melaksanakan investasi dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 474,
"width": 466,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terdapat berbagai macam fasilitas yang dapat dinikmati oleh para investor baik untuk investor dalam negeri maupun asing yang ditawarkan oleh pemerintah, yakni sebagai berikut: 1. Fasilitas Pajak Penghasilan (PPh).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 515,
"width": 453,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemberian fasilitas Pajak Penghasilan ini dilakukan melalui pengurangan penghasilan netto sampai tingkat tertentu terhadap jumlah penanaman modal yang dilakukan dalam waktu tertentu.3 Fasilitas pajak penghasilan yang diberikan kepada penanam modal diberlakukan berdasarkan kebijakan industri nasional yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah yang pengaturannya lebih lanjut diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 584,
"width": 467,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Pembebasan atau keringanan bea impor barang modal yang belum bisa diproduksi di dalam negeri. Pembebasan atau keringanan bea masuk atas impor barang modal adalah melepaskan kewajiban atau pengurangan beban dari investor untuk membayar bea masuk atas barang modal yang dimasukkan ke dalam wilayah Republik Indonesia. Pasal 4 huruf b Undang- Undang No. 25 Tahun 2007 telah ditentukan jenis-jenis barang yang dibebaskan dari bea masuk impor. Jenis-jenis barang yang dibebaskan dari pembebasan atau keringannan bea impor adalah barang modal, mesin; atau peralatan untuk keperluan produksi yang belum bisa diproduksi di dalam negeri;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 695,
"width": 467,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Pembebasan atau keringanan bea masuk bahan baku atau bahan penolong untuk keperluan produksi;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 722,
"width": 467,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Pembebasan atau penangguhan pajak pertambahan nilai (PPN) atas impor barang modal atau mesin, yang belum dapat diproduksi di dalam negeri;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 750,
"width": 227,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Penyusutan dan amortisasi yang dipercepat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 38,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 38,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 797,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4014 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 60,
"width": 453,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fasilitas penyusutan atau amortisasi merupakan kemudahan yang diberikan kepada investor, berupa pengurangan atau penghapusan terhadap harta kekayaan yang dimiliki oleh investor, yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan penanaman modal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 101,
"width": 241,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Keringanan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan (PBB).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 115,
"width": 453,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keringanan pajak bumi dan bangunan merupakan keringanan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah kepada investor dalam penggunaan hak atas tanah. PBB merupakan pajak dikenakan atas bumi dan bangunan. Keringanan itu, berupa pengurangan sebesar 50% atas pajak bumi dan bangunan (PBB) selama delapan tahun, sejak diperoleh izin peruntuan atas hak atas tanah;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 184,
"width": 466,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Pembebasan atau pengurangan pajak penghasilan badan. Pembebasan atau pengurangan pajak penghasilan badan hanya dapat diberikan kepada penanam modal baru yang merupakan industri pioner. Industri pioner merupakan industry yang mempunyai ciri-ciri:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 239,
"width": 272,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Memiliki keterkaitan yang luas dengan yang lainnya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 253,
"width": 452,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Memberi nilai tambah dan n eksternalitas yang tinggi. Eksternalitas adalah jika investasi terjadi lintas batas daerah atau dampaknya bisa mengenai daerah tetangga lokasi investasi;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 280,
"width": 203,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Memperkenalkan teknologi baru; serta",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 294,
"width": 449,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Memiliki nilai strategis bagi perekonomian nasional (Pasal 18 ayat (5) Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang penanaman modal);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 322,
"width": 466,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8. Fasilitas hak atas tanah. Hak atas tanah adalah hak atas sebagian tertentu permukaan bumi, yang terbatas, bersimensi dua dengan ukuran panjang dan lebar. Tanah sendiri adalah tempat kita dalam melakukan segala aktifitas kehidupan kita sehingga perekonomian pun tidak dapat terlepas dari pemanfaatan tanah sebagai tempat beraktifitas. kemudahan pelayanan dan perizinan hak atas tanah yang dapat diberikan dan diperpanjang sekaligus dapat diperbaharui kembali;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 405,
"width": 467,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9. Fasilitas Keimigrasian. Fasilitas imigrasi merupakan kemudahan yang diberikan kepada investor dalam kaitan dengan hal ikhwal lalu lintas orang yang masuk atau ke luar wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia dan pengawasan orang asing di wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia (Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 1992 tentang Keimigrasian). Bertujuan untuk Penanaman modal yang membutuhkan tenaga kerja asing dalam merealisasikan penanaman modal; Penanaman modal yang membutuhkan tenaga kerja asing bersifat sementara dalam rangka perbaikan mesin, alat bantu produksi lainnya, dan pelayanan purna jual; dan, Calon penanaman modal yang akan melakukan penjajakan penanaman modal;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 529,
"width": 102,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10. Perizinan Impor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 543,
"width": 452,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fasilitas perizinan impor merupakan kemudahan yang diberikan kepada investor untuk memasukkan barang ke Indonesia. Fasilitas perizinan impor ini telah ditentukan dalam Pasal 21 huruf b dan Pasal 24 Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal. Namun disamping dari fasilitas yang diberikan tersebut tentunya terdapat persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi bagi perusahaan, yakni diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 612,
"width": 168,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Menyerap banyak tenaga kerja;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 626,
"width": 144,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Melakukan alih teknologi;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 639,
"width": 186,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Termasuk skala prioritas tertinggi;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 653,
"width": 146,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Melakukan industri pionir;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 667,
"width": 205,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Menjaga kelestarian lingkungan hidup;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 681,
"width": 198,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- termasuk pembangunan infrastruktur;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 695,
"width": 452,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- berada di daerah terpencil, daerah tertinggal, daerah perbatasan, atau daerah lain yang dianggap perlu;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 722,
"width": 322,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- melaksanakan kegiatan penelitian, pengembangan, dan inovasi;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 736,
"width": 312,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- bermitra dengan usaha mikro, kecil, menengah atau koperasi;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 750,
"width": 452,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- industri yang menggunakan barang modal atau mesin atau peralatan yang diproduksi didalam negeri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 38,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 38,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 797,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4015 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 60,
"width": 265,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun syarat-syarat penanaman modal dalam negeri:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 73,
"width": 466,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Permodalan yang digunakan merupakan modal yang merupakan kekayaan masyarakat Indoensia baik langsung maupun tidak langsung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 101,
"width": 467,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Pelaku investasi: Negara dan swasta Pihak swasta dapat terdiri dari orang dan atau badan hukum yang didirikan berdasarkan hukum di Indonesia;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 129,
"width": 466,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Bidang usaha: semua bidang yang terbuka bagi swasta, yang dibina, dipelopori atau dirintis oleh pemerintah;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 156,
"width": 467,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Perizinan dan perpajakan : memenuhi perizinan yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah daerah. Antara lain : izin usaha, lokasi, pertanahan, perairan, eksplorasi, hak-hak khusus, dll;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 184,
"width": 438,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Batas waktu berusaha: merujuk kepada peraturan dan kebijakan masing-masing daerah;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 198,
"width": 466,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Tenaga Kerja: wajib menggunakan tenaga ahli bangsa Indonesia, kecuali apabila jabatan- jabatan tertentu belum dapat diisi dengan tenaga bangsa Indonesia. Mematuhi ketentuan UU ketenagakerjaan (merupakan hak dari karyawan).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 239,
"width": 467,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berlakunya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko (PP 5/2021) yang menjadi peraturan pelaksana dari Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja membawa perubahan terhadap pengaturan perizinan berusaha. Sebelumnya, izin usaha dimohonkan melalui sistem perizinan berusaha berbasis elektronik, yakni online single submiss ion (OSS) versi 1.1. Namun sejak 2 Juli 2021, permohonan perizinan berusaha terintegrasi secara elektronik dilakukan melalui sistem Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) sesuai dengan Surat Menteri Investasi /Kepala BKPM Nomor 1342/A.1/2021. Untuk lebih detailnya BKPM telah menerbitkan tiga Peraturan Pelaksana PP No. 5 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Resiko yaitu Peraturan BKPM No.3 Tahun 2021 tentang Sistem Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko Terintegrasi secara Elektronik, Peraturan BKPM No.4 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman dan Tata Cara Pelayanan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko dan Fasilitas Penanaman Modal, dan Peraturan BKPM No.5 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman dan Tata Cara Pengawasan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 432,
"width": 466,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemohon Perizinan Berusaha, Pihak-pihak yang dapat mengajukan permohonan perizinan berusaha pada OSS-RBA antara lain (Pasal 170 PP 5/2021):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 460,
"width": 466,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Orang perseorangan, Pelaku usaha perorangan yang cakap untuk bertindak dan melakukan perbuatan hukum dalam hal kegiatan penanaman modal dalam negeri (PMDN).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 488,
"width": 466,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Badan Usaha, Badan usaha berbadan hukum maupun badan usaha bukan badan hukum yang didirikan di Indonesia dan melakukan kegiatan usaha pada bidang tertentu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 515,
"width": 466,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Kantor perwakilan Yang mencakup perorangan WNI, perorangan WNA, atau badan usaha perwakilan pelaku usaha dari luar negeri. Dapat berupa KPPA, KP3A, kantor perwakilan BUJKA.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 557,
"width": 467,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Badan usaha luar negeri, Badan usaha asing yang didirikan di luar wilayah Indonesia dan melakukan kegiatan usaha pada bidang tertentu yang melakukan usaha di Indonesia sebagai: Pemberi waralaba luar negeri; Pedagang berjangka asing; PSE lingkup privat asing; Bentuk usaha tetap untuk kegiatan di sektor minyak dan gas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 612,
"width": 448,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hak Akses Agar dapat mengakses sistem OSS-RBA, pelaku usaha wajib melakukan pendaftaran. Pihak yang dapat memperoleh hak akses adalah (Pasal 171 ayat (1) dan (2) PP 5/2021):",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 653,
"width": 448,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Pelaku usaha dapat berupa Orang perseorangan; Direksi/penanggung jawab pelaku usaha; atau Pengurus (untuk koperasi dan yayasan).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 681,
"width": 91,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Lembaga OSS",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 695,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Kementerian/Lembaga",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 708,
"width": 417,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (DPMPTSP) Provinsi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 722,
"width": 156,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. DPMPTSP Kabupaten/Kota",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 736,
"width": 116,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Administrator KEK",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 750,
"width": 444,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Badan Pengusahaan Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas dan Pelabuhan Bebas (KPBPB) Dalam hal ini, pelaku usaha memiliki hak akses untuk (Pasal 173 ayat (1) PP 5/2021):",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 38,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 38,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 797,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4016 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 60,
"width": 375,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Mengajukan permohonan perizinan, perubahan dan pencabutan berusaha;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 73,
"width": 272,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Menyampaikan laporan kegiatan penanaman modal;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 87,
"width": 198,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Menyampaikan pengaduan; dan/atau",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 101,
"width": 233,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Mengajukan permohonan fasilitas berusaha.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 115,
"width": 448,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sedangkan, bagi lembaga OSS sampai dengan badan pengusahaan KPBPB memiliki hak akses untuk (Pasal 173 ayat (2) PP 5/2021):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 142,
"width": 448,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Melakukan verifikasi teknis dan notifikasi pemenuhan persyaratan perizinan berusaha berbasis risiko;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 170,
"width": 201,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Pelaksanaan jadwal pengawasan; dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 184,
"width": 437,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Penyampaian hasil pengawasan/berita acara pemeriksaan pelaksanaan kegiatan usaha. Tahapan Permohonan Perizinan:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 211,
"width": 449,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Registrasi, Persyaratan yang dibutuhkan adalah: NIK/e-KTP untuk pemohon WNI; Nomor paspor untuk pemohon WNA; Nomor pengesahan legalitas untuk badan usaha.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 239,
"width": 448,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Legalitas, mencakup: Profil pelaku usaha; Nomor Klasifikasi Baku Lapangan Usaha Indonesia (KBLI) milik pelaku usaha yang terdiri dari 5 digit angka untuk menentukan tingkat risiko usaha; Lokasi usaha yang disebutkan secara detail.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 280,
"width": 245,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Kegiatan usaha, mencakup hal-hal berikut ini:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 294,
"width": 430,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a) Jenis kegiatan usaha, Apakah termasuk kegiatan utama, pendukung, atau kantor cabang administrasi;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 322,
"width": 431,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b) Produk/Jasa, Mencakup satu lini produksi, KBLI, jenis produk/jasa, satuan, kapasitas, merek dagang, pemegang hak kekayaan intelektual;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 349,
"width": 430,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c) Investasi, Berupa nilai tambah, nilai bangunan, nilai mesin/peralatan lain, modal kerja dan lain-lain;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 377,
"width": 409,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d) Tenaga kerja, Meliputi jumlah tenaga kerja pria dan jumlah tenaga kerja wanita;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 391,
"width": 430,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e) Status bangunan, mencantumkan status bangunan tempat usaha, apakah bangunan sewa atau bukan sewa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 419,
"width": 448,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Persetujuan lingkungan, Seperti identitas penanggung jawab, pernyataan pengelolaan lingkungan atau dokumen lingkungan yang dimiliki pelaku usaha.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 446,
"width": 448,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Persetujuan bangunan, Hal ini mencakup jumlah bangunan dan izin mendirikan bangunan (IMB) yang sudah dimiliki dan juga keterangan tentang sertifikat laik fungsi (SLF) jika sudah memiliki.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 488,
"width": 449,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Penerbitan, Permohonan perizinan berusaha diterbitkan berdasarkan tingkat risiko usaha, diantaranya:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 515,
"width": 431,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a) Usaha dengan tingkat risiko rendah Pelaku usaha memperoleh NIB sebagai identitas usaha, yang secara otomatis berlaku sebagai legalitas untuk melaksanakan usaha (Pasal 12 ayat (1) PP 5/2021). NIB ini juga berlaku sebagai standar nasional Indonesia (SNI) dan pernyataan jaminan halal sesuai ketentuan perundang-undangan bagi pelaku usaha UMK (Pasal 12 ayat (1) PP 5/2021).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 584,
"width": 430,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b) Usaha dengan tingkat risiko menengah rendah Pelaku usaha mendapat perizinan berusaha berupa NIB dan sertifikat standar berupa pernyataan untuk memenuhi standar usaha (Pasal 13 ayat (1) PP 5/2021).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 626,
"width": 431,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c) Usaha dengan tingkat risiko menengah tinggi Pelaku usaha mendapat NIB sebagai perizinan berusaha dan sertifikat standar yang diterbitkan pemerintah pusat atau pemerintah daerah (Pasal 14 ayat (1) PP 5/2021).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 667,
"width": 430,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d) Usaha dengan tingkat risiko tinggi Pelaku usaha memperoleh NIB dan izin yang wajib dipenuhi sebelum melakukan kegiatan usaha (Pasal 15 ayat (1) PP 5/2021).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 695,
"width": 230,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hilirisasi Nikel Untuk Mendorong Investasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 708,
"width": 467,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hilirisasi pertambangan adalah bagian dari proses industrialisasi. Industrialisasi mendorong proses transformasi dari suatu negara dengan tingkat ketergantungan tinggi terhadap sumber daya alamnya menjadi negara mandiri dari sisi ekonomi untuk kemakmuran rakyat. Keberhasilan industrialisasi dalam negeri tidak dapat terjadi hanya dengan topangan hilirisasi sektor pertambangan, namun juga harus didukung oleh pembangunan industri yang lebih hilir",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 38,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 38,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 797,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4017 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 467,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "atau industri manufaktur dalam negeri yang akan menghasilkan produk akhir untuk dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Keberhasilan hilirisasi pertambangan itu sendiri sangat ditentukan oleh kebijakan dan peraturan teknis dalam implementasinya dengan mempertimbangkan penyediaan bahan baku, lahan, tenaga kerja, energi, infrastruktur, teknologi, kegiatan operasional dan pemeliharaan, sistem perizinan, dan kegiatan pembiayaan investasi. Kebijakan hilirisasi mineral merupakan salah satu alat fiskal untuk menciptakan nilai tambah mineral, meningkatkan penerimaan negara, mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, menciptakan lapangan kerja, dan mensejahterakan rakyat Indonesia yang adil dan merata. Hilirisasi sering disebut downstreamin g atau value-adding , yang artinya upaya meredam ekspor bahan mentah dan sebaliknya mendorong industri domestik untuk menggunakan bahan tersebut karena meningkatkan nilai tambah domestik (sembari menciptakan lapangan kerja). Jika memang harus mengekspor, maka yang diekspor adalah barang jadi, hasil dari olahan bahan baku itu. Khususnya saat ini pemerintah telah menetapkan Covid 19 sebagai bencana nasional melalui Keputusan Presiden nomor 12 tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Bencana Non Alam Penyebaran Corona Virus Diseases 2019 (Covid-19) agar pelaksanaan hilirisasi juga memerhatikan situasi global.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 267,
"width": 467,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kebijakan hilirisasi mineral dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi barang, akan tetapi tanpa memperkuat basis produksi (pasokan) di hulu, smelter-smelter domestik akan kesulitan memperoleh bahan baku untuk diolah menjadi produk bernilai tambah tinggi. Larangan ekspor mineral mentah bukan dimaksudkan untuk mengerem produksi bijih atau mineral mentah, melainkan dalam rangka menjaga kesinambungan pasokan mineral mentah dalam jangka panjang untuk kebutuhan smelter-smelter domestik. Dampak positif nilai Tambah Hilirisasi Nikel yaitu Peningkatan nilai tambah Pengembangan industri hilir mineral Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), Kesempatan kerja, Peningkatan kemampuan teknologi dan SDM Ekspor mineral, serta Menumbuhkan ekonomi nasional. Investasi pada proyek pembangunan smelter di Indonesia menunjukan ketertarikan investor Asing yakni salah satunya adalah Elon Musk, pengusaha icon mobil listrik dunia yang secara langsung menyatakan ketertarikannya secara terbuka pada produk nikel dari Indonesia dan LG Solution dari Korea Selatan yang telah menadatangani kesepatakan Investasi (MoU) sebesar US$ 9.8 Milliar setara atau Rp. 142 trilliun untuk perkembangan industri nikel terintegrasi di Indonesia. Chengxin Lithium China mengumumkan akan mengambil 65 persen saham dalam proyek lithium senilai US$350 juta atau Rp5 triliun di Indonesia untuk membangun kapasitas produksi di luar negeri. proyek pabrik yang akan membuat bahan kimia lithium untuk baterai kendaraan listrik (EV) dan berlokasi di Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP) di Sulawesi Tengah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 529,
"width": 467,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Upaya meningkatkan nilai tambah mineral khususnya Nikel berupa pembangunan smelter. Pembangunan smelter perlu diiringi dengan pembangunan infrastruktur. Pemerintah perlu menyiapkan dukungan pembangunan infrastruktur, terutama pembangkit energi, lahan smelter, insentif bea masuk dan perpajakan untuk jangka waktu tertentu, serta kepastian hukum terhadap jangka waktu produksi tambang sebagai jaminan bahan baku smelter untuk mendukung industri dalam merealisasikan hilirisasi menuju industrialisasi. Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Batubara adalah kegiatan pengembangan dan/atau pemanfaatan batubara untuk meningkatkan mutu batubara dengan atau tanpa mengubah sifat fisik atau kimia batubara asal. Adapun pengaturan terkait itu dapat dilihat pada:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 653,
"width": 464,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- UU no. 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja (menyesuaikan proses Putusan Nomor 91/PUU- XVIII/2020 )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 681,
"width": 449,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pasal 102 ayat (1) menyebutkan Pemegang IUP atau IUPK pada tahap kegiatan Operasi Produksi wajib meningkatkan nilai tambah Mineral dalam kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan melaiui: Pengolahan dan Pemurnian untuk komoditas tambang Mineral logam; Pengolahan untuk komoditas tambang Mineral bukan logam; dan/atau Pengolahan untuk komoditas tambang batuan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 750,
"width": 467,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- pasal 170A yaitu Pemegang KK, IUP Operasi Produksi, atau IUPK Operasi Produksi Mineral logam yang telah melakukan kegiatan Pengolahan dan Pemurnian, yang dalam",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 38,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 38,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 797,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4018 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 60,
"width": 449,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "proses pembangunan fasilitas Pengolahan dan/atau Pemurnian; dan/atau telah melakukan kerjasama Pengolahan dan/atau Pemurnian dengan pemegang IUP Operasi Produksi, IUPK Operasi Produksi lainnya, atau IUP Operasi Produksi khusus untuk Pengolahan dan Pemurnian atau pihak lain yang melakukan kegiatan Pengolahan dan/atau Pemurnian, dapat melakukan Penjualan produk Mineral logam tertentu yang belum dimurnikan dalam jumlah tertentu ke luar negeri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 142,
"width": 467,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Pasal 167 PP No. 96 Tahun 2021 Tentang Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral Dan Batubara menyebutkan Pemegang IUP dan IUPK tahap kegiatan operasi produksi untuk komoditas Mineral wajib melakukan pengolahan dan/atau Pemurnian untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah Mineral hasil Penambangan di dalam negeri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 198,
"width": 467,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- PP Nomor 25 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Bidang Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral pada Pasal 3 ayat (1) menyebutkan Pemegang izin usaha pertambangan operasi produksi, IUPK operasi produksi dan IUPK sebagai Kelanjutan Operasi Kontrak/Perjanjian untuk komoditas batubara yang melakukan kegiatan Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Batubara di dalam negeri dapat diberikan perlakuan tertentu berupa pengenaan royalti sebesar 0%(nol persen).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 280,
"width": 467,
"height": 274,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hilirisasi erat kaitannya dengan konsep nilai tambah dan daya saing produk. Semakin hilir sebuah produk yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan industri, makin tinggi nilai atau harganya. Dalam tatanan ekonomi makro, semakin terhilirkan kegiatan sebuah produksi, akan memberikan kontribusi lebih besar terhadap total pendapatan domestik bruto sebuah negara. Dalam praktik industrial, konsep nilai tambah merupakan perbedaan atau rasio antara nilai jual produk yang dihasilkan dengan seluruh komponen biaya untuk menghasilkan produk dalam satuan volume/ berat yang ekuivalen. Struktur biaya produksi per ton produk merupakan akumulasi dari harga bahan baku, upah, biaya manajemen, produktivitas, pajak, depresiasi dan biaya-biaya lain yang sering tidak terduga. Semakin rendah struktur biaya produksi, makin tinggi daya saing produk (atau negara tersebut). Apalagi jika kualitas produk yang dihasilkan sangat baik. Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 11 tahun 2019 mewajibkan setiap perusahaan untuk dapat mengolahnya terlebih dahulu untuk menaikkan harga pasar lokal sebelum diekspor, salah satu kendala yang dihadapi terkait pengolahan nikel di Indonesia adalah kurangnya smelter-smelter untuk mengolah nikel. Kendala lainnya adalah dari segi sumber daya manusia yang terbatas, dan banyak para pekerja di Indonesia yang belum menguasai tentang cara pengolahan nikel. Berdasarkan regulasi yang ada bahwa pemerintah lebih serius meningkatkan hilirisasi mineral nikel. Implikasi dari adanya kebijakan larangan ekspor nikel bagi bangsa indonesia adalah pembangunan fasilitas pemurnian nikel ditingkatkan, teknologi lithium ion battery ( Li-ion battery) semakin berkembang di Indonesia, dan meningkatkan daya tarik investasi asing ke dalam negeri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 570,
"width": 105,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 584,
"width": 467,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelarangan ekspor bukan bertujuan menghambat perdagangan, namun bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya nikel untuk kemakmuran bangsa melalui rantai pengolahan dalam negeri. Pelarangan ekspor ore nikel bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan baku smelter yang ada di Indonesia. Kebijakan pelarangan tidak dapat ditunda karena kekayaan mineral khususnya nikel dapat habis dan tidak bisa diperbaharui lagi. Dengan dikeluarkannya Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 11 Tahun 2019 tentunya menimbulkan kontra di dalam pelaksanaannya terutama bagi investor asing karena secara otomatis harga jual nikel yang berasal dari Indonesia menjadi lebih mahal dibandingkan dengan sebelumnya. Namun dengan diterbitkannya peraturan ini tidak semata-mata membuat laju Investasi ke Indonesia menjadi terhambat. Pemerintah Indonesia juga membuka kesempatan berikut juga dengan memberikan kemudahan dari segi perizinan seperti yang sudah saya paparkan sebelumnya dan juga fasilitas-fasilitas ( privilege ) kepada investor terkait penanaman modal baik itu dari dalam negeri ataupun asing. Saat ini Indonesia masih membutuhkan pendanaan terkait pembangunan smelter (pemurnian), pembangunan PLTU sebagai penggerak utama dari mesin pengolah nikel, tenaga ahli serta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 38,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 38,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 797,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4019 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 467,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pelatihan sumber daya manusia yang dapat mengoperasikan pengolahan nikel dengan baik yang tentunya membutuhkan dana yang sangat banyak. Dalam rangka percepatan ekonomi dan pembangunan pemerintah telah mengambil langkah yang tepat dengan mewajibkan semua perusahaan tambang di Indonesia untuk mengolah hasil tambang dan melarang ekspor bahan mentah guna menaikkan harga pasar di Internasional dan menambah devisa negara dengan kedepannya lebih meningkatkan penggunaan energi baru terbarukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 156,
"width": 191,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Peraturan Perundang-Undangan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 184,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UU No. 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 198,
"width": 467,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tanggal 10 Juni 2020, tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 211,
"width": 394,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara.PP No. 5 Tahun 2021",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 225,
"width": 466,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PP No. 5 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko. PP No. 25 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Bidang Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral. PP No. 96 Tahun 2021 tentang Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 280,
"width": 306,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Undang-Undang No. 25 tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 294,
"width": 31,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Buku",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 308,
"width": 467,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salim HS dan Budi Sutrisno, Hukum Investasi di Indonesia, (Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2008), Hulman Panjaitan, Hukum Penanaman Modal Asing, (Jakarta: Ind-Hill Co, 2003), Manurung, Adler Haymans. “Teori Investasi: Konsep dan Empiris”, (PT Adler Manurung Press, 2012),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 361,
"width": 467,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhammad Sood, “Hukum Perdagangan Internasional”, (Jakarta: PT Raja. Grafindo Persada,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 377,
"width": 34,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2012)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 388,
"width": 365,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Boedi Harsono, “Hukum Agraria Indonesia I, (Jakarta: Djambatan, 1999),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 405,
"width": 86,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal/Makalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 419,
"width": 470,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Susanto, Jurnal Surya Kencana Dua, “Kepastian Hukum Investasi Menurut Undang-Undang No. 25 tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal dan Peraturan Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal RI No. 5 Tahun 5 tahun 2013 tentang Pedoman dan Tata Cara Perizinan dan Non Perizinan Penanaman Modal (Studi Kasus PT. Tunas Mandiri Lumbis), vol. 3 no.1 Juli 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 485,
"width": 466,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dra. Farida Efriyanti, MM, “Yuk Kenali Investasi”, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Bandar Lampung 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 513,
"width": 467,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ananda Mustika Muas, “Upaya China Dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Nikel Dalam Negeri Pasca Kebijakan UU MINERBA No. 4 Tahun 2009 di Indonesia”, ejournal.hi.fisip-umul.ac.id, Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, vol. 7, 2019,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 554,
"width": 466,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yeni Nuraeni, Seminar Nasional Edusainstek, “Dampak Perkembangan Industri Pertambangan Nikel Terhadap Kondisi Sosial, Ekonomi dan Budaya Masyarakat”, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan amaFakultas, FMIPA UNIMUS 2018,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 612,
"width": 467,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siombo, Marhaeni Ria, and Emmanuel Ariananto Waluyo Adi, (2020). \"Implikasi Keppres No.12 Tahun 2020 Pada Perusahaan Pembiayaan\". Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 1 (October 2020)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 651,
"width": 466,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E.H. Sujiono, M. Diantoro, Samnur, “Karakteristik Sifat Fisis batuan Bikel di Sorowako Sulawesi Selatan”, Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia 10 vol. 2, Juli 2014.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 681,
"width": 467,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Syahrir Ika, Kebijakan Hilirisasi Mineral: Reformasi Kebijakan untuk Meningkatkan Penerimaan Negara, Kajian Ekonomi Keuangan Vol. 1 No. 1 (2017)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 708,
"width": 466,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Izzaty dan Suhartono, Kebijakan Percepatan Larangan Ekspor Ore Nikel Dan Upaya Hilirisasi Nikel, Info Singkat Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian DPR RI, Vol.XI No. 23/I/Puslit/Desember/2019",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 38,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 38,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 797,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4020 | Peningkatan Investasi Dan Hilirisasi Nikel Di Indonesia (Muhammad Agung)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 57,
"width": 466,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Izzaty dan Suhartono, “Kebijakan Percepatan Larangan Ekspor Ore Nikel dan Upaya Hilirasi Nikel”, Bidang Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, Info Singkat, Kajian Singat Terhadap Isi Aktual dan Strategis, Vol.XI. No.23/I/Puslit/Desember/2019,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 101,
"width": 466,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sekar Wiji Rahayu, Implikasi Kebijakan Dan Diskriminasi Pelarangan Ekspor Dan Impor Minyak Kelapa Sawit Dan Bijih Nikel Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Volume 16 Nomor 2 Agustus 2020",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 142,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Internet",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 156,
"width": 467,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://money.kompas.com/read/2019/12/15/123615726/indonesia-raja-nikel-dunia-puluhan- tahun-hanya-ekspor-bijih-mentah?page=all, diakses pada tanggal 10 Juni 2021. https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20210203/44/1351621/nikel-kedaulatan-minerba , diakses pada tanggal 10 Juni 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 213,
"width": 466,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://sarjanaekonomi.co.id/pengertian-investasi/ , diakses pada tangaal 3 Juni 2021. https://investasi.kontan.co.id/news/harga-nikel-terus-menurun-ternyata-ini-penyebabnya , diakses pada tanggal 10 Juni 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 254,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt530deed2b11d4/soal-larangan-ekspor-mineral-- pemerintah-siap-hadapi-jepang/ , diakses pada tanggal 10 Juni 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 282,
"width": 455,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://www.idxchannel.com/economics/ternyata-indonesia-punya-cadangan-nikel-terbesar-di- dunia , diakses pada tanggal 13 Juni 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 310,
"width": 459,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://duniatambang.co.id/Berita/read/1116/Kendala-Perusahaan-Tambang-dalam-Melakukan-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 324,
"width": 256,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hilirisasi-Mineral, diakses pada tanggal 9 Juni 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 338,
"width": 400,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://www.amanatinstitute.id/transisi-pemanfaatan-batubara-yang-berkelanjutan/ https://www.jpnn.com/news/sulit-mencari-sumber-dana-pembangunan-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 365,
"width": 424,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pltu#:~:text=Biaya%20yang%20dibutuhkan%20untuk%20membangun,Rp%2049%2C2 %20miliar). diakses pada tanggal 12 Juni 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 393,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1280779/sah-jokowi-teken-inpres-percepatan-kemudahan- berusaha/full&view=ok, diakses pada tanggal 9 Juni 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 421,
"width": 464,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tinjauan Umum Tentang Investasi atau Penanaman modal, diakses dari http://repository.uin- suska.ac.id/7089/4/BAB%20III.pdf pada tanggal 13 Juni 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 446,
"width": 466,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal, “Prosedur Izin Investasi di Indonesia” diakses dari https://www.investindonesia.go.id/id/artikel-investasi/detail/prosedur-izin-investasi-di- indonesia pada tanggal 15 Maret 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 490,
"width": 466,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hilirisasi Nikel Ciptakan Nilai Tambah dan Daya Tahan Ekonomi, Siaran Pers Nomor:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 503,
"width": 279,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "301.Pers/04/Sji/2020 Tanggal: 14 Oktober 2020 KESDM",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 517,
"width": 459,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://nikel.co.id/peluang-dan-tantangan-hilirisasi-nikel/ https://www.esdm.go.id/id/media-center/arsip-berita/hilirisasi-nikel-ciptakan-nilai-tambah-dan- daya-tahan-ekonomi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 559,
"width": 455,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20211224/44/1481589/kementerian-esdm-atur-strategi-geber- capaian-investasi-minerba-di-2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 586,
"width": 434,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://www.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/4888934/indonesia-setop-ekspor-nikel-dan-bauksit- mentah-mulai-2022 https://nikel.co.id/peluang-dan-tantangan-hilirisasi-nikel/ https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/menerka-tata-niaga-nikel-di-2020-pasca-larangan- ekspor-lt5dfb6d66d7faf/?page=2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 655,
"width": 463,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://dpmpt.kulonprogokab.go.id/detil/1243/oss-rba-wajah-baru-perizinan-usaha-yang-wajib- diketahui-pengusaha",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 683,
"width": 428,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ariyanto, A. Patunru. 2015. Hilirisasi. Kompas 24 Januari 2015. https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20210924/257/1446365/benamkan-investasi-rp5-triliun- chengxin-lithium-china-bangun-pabrik-lithium-morowali",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
829fc831-3971-9347-6d43-78b72ec4d729 | https://ejurnal.bppt.go.id/index.php/jurnalwave/article/download/3358/2810 | [
{
"left": 48,
"top": 54,
"width": 178,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Jurnal Wave, UPT. BPPH – BPPT , Vol. 5, No. 1, 2011",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 48,
"top": 683,
"width": 103,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "1. UPT BPPH-BPPT, Surabaya",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 692,
"width": 20,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- 32 -",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 85,
"width": 366,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Optimalisasi Penempatan Sensor Untuk Pengukuran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 110,
"width": 333,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Distribusi Tekanan Model Kapal Bersayap",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 139,
"width": 243,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Mochammad Nasir 1 , Ahmad Syafiul M 1 , Endah Suwarni 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 242,
"top": 195,
"width": 34,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 216,
"width": 380,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Efek fenomena hidrodinamika yang perlu dikaji dalam perancangan operasional proses pendaratan model WISE (Kapal bersayap) di air adalah masalah hydrodynamic impact pada konfigurasi badan ( main hull ) dan pontoon , untuk itu perlu dilakukan uji model proses landing pada model kapal bersayap tersebut. Untuk mengetahui hydrodynamic impact pada main hull dan pontoon model kapal bersayap di pasang beberapa sensor tekanan. Sebelum dilakukan pemasangan sensor perlu dilakukan Simulasi pemodelan dengan menggunakan program komputer dengan menggunakan metode elemen hingga (FEM). Pada simulasi pemodelan ini main hull dan pontoon model kapal bersayap digambarkan dalam bentuk 3 Dimensi. Dari hasil simulasi dapat diperoleh distribusi tekanan yang terjadi pada main hull dan pontoon pada saat model dijatuhkan ke air, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk optimalisai penempatan sensor tekanan pada model kapal bersayap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 329,
"width": 315,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Kata kunci : Kapal Bersayap, Optimalisasi, hydrodynamic impact, Distribusi tekanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 371,
"width": 33,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 391,
"width": 379,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Assesment of phenomena effect of hydrodinamic in operational landing process of Wise Craft in the water design related to hydrodinamic impact at the main hull is needed, and landing process model test of WISE Craft should be carry out. For the test landing process at the model test should be placed several sensors that used as impact sensor. Prior to the installation of the sensor need to do simulation modeling using the computer program using the finite element method (FEM). On simulation modeling, main hull and pontoon decsribed in the form of 3D. Simulation result can be obtained from the pressure distribution that occurs on main hull and pontoon at the time the model was dropped into the water, so it can be used as a reference for placement optimalization pressure sensor on Wise Craft model.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 495,
"width": 306,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Keywords : Wise Craft, Optimalization, hydrodynamic impact, pressure distribution",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 48,
"top": 571,
"width": 53,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 48,
"top": 594,
"width": 207,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Sebagai Negara maritim, maka transportasi laut memegang peranan yang sangat penting. Kapal merupakan sarana transportasi laut yang banyak digunakan diseluruh penjuru dunia. Sejalan dengan perkembangan teknologi maka telah dikembangkan bermacam-macam jenis Kapal, baik kapal jenis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 570,
"width": 208,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "displasment Hull maupun Planning Hull, mulai dari yang tradisional sampai yang modern. Pada saat ini di beberapa negara telah dikembangkan alat transportasi laut sejenis kapal yang bisa melayang diatas permukaan laut dengan memanfaatkan effek ground.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 642,
"width": 207,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "WISE atau Kapal bersayap adalah sejenis kendaraan angkutan barang maupun penumpang yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 248,
"top": 671,
"width": 20,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- 33 -",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 48,
"top": 67,
"width": 208,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "dapat diklasifikasikan antara tipe hovercraft dan aircraft. Kapal bersayap ini mempunyai kecepatan yang tinggi ( 42 Knots ) dan dapat melayang diatas permukaan air dengan menggunakan efek permukaan air ( Surface effect ) pada ketinggian antara 1 sampai 2 meter diatas permukaan air. Gaya angkat yang bekerja pada kapal bersayap adalah hydro lift dan aero lift . Hydro lift dihasilkan oleh badan kapal bersayap sedangkan aero lift ditimbulkan oleh sayap kapal bersayap , dimana sayap ini dirancang dengan sedemikian rupa sehingga gaya angkat yang dihasilkan tidak seperti pesawat udara, akan tetapi dengan memanfaatkan beda tekanan antara sayap bagian bawah dengan bagian permukaan air.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 48,
"top": 235,
"width": 211,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Efek fenomena hidrodinamika yang perlu di kaji dalam perancangan operasional pendaratan kapal bersayap di air adalah masalah hydrodynamic impact pada konfigurasi main hull . Beban impact yang ditimbulkan pada proses tumbukan antara dua media pada pendaratan di air merupakan salah satu fenomena yang menjadi faktor pertimbangan dalam suatu rancang bangun, khususnya pada kekuatan struktur dari material kapal bersayap serta kenyamanan penumpang. Dengan mengetahui respon yang ditimbulkan oleh beban luar, khususnya beban impact air, maka kenyamanan penumpang atau keamanan instrumentasi didalam kapal bersayap bisa semaksimal mungkin dijaga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 48,
"top": 403,
"width": 208,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Dalam rangka untuk mengkaji karakteristik proses pendaratan Kapal bersayap di air, maka perlu dilakukan pengujian proses landing model Kapal bersayap di air. Pada pengujian landing ini perlu dirancang sistem pengukuran distribusi tekanan pada main hull Kapal bersayap, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan beberapa sensor yang digunakan untuk mengukur beban impact air yang terjadi pada main Hull Kapal bersayap pada saat landing di air.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 48,
"top": 511,
"width": 206,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Untuk optimalisasi penempatan posisi sensor pada main hull dan pontoon model Wise craft atau kapal bersayap, maka perlu dilakukan simulasi pemodelan dengan menggunakan program komputer ANSYS dengan menggunakan metode elemen hingga (FEM). Pada simulasi pemodelan ini main hull dan pontoon model kapal bersayap digambar kan dalam bentuk 3 Dimensi dengan meng gunakan program komputer Auto Cad 3D .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 67,
"width": 46,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Metodologi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 88,
"width": 203,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk optimalisasi penempatan posisi sensor tekanan pada model",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 115,
"width": 206,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "WISE Craft atau kapal bersayap yang akan digunakan untuk pengujian model pada saat Landing di air . Tahap-tahap yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Study literatur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 175,
"width": 177,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "2. Pembuatan gambar 3 dimensi kapal bersayap.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 187,
"width": 150,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "3. Pemodelan numerik dengan komputer",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 199,
"width": 93,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "4. Analisa hasil Simulasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 235,
"width": 91,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Model Kapal Bersayap",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 259,
"width": 210,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Pada simulasi pemodelan pengujian proses landing model kapal bersayap ini rencananya menggunakan model kapal bersayap yang pernah digunakan untuk pengujian tahanan model kapal, dimana model ini menggunakan material dari kayu balsa dan dilapis dengan kaca film. Pemilihan bahan model ini karena mempertimbangkan displacement dari model yang akan digunakan untuk pengujian. Model ini menggunakan skala 1 : 9, dengan ukuran prototype seperti pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 617,
"width": 136,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Gambar 1 Model WISE (Kapal Bersayap)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 248,
"top": 671,
"width": 20,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- 34 -",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 67,
"width": 133,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Tabel 1 Prototype Value Kapal Bersayap",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 638,
"width": 162,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Gambar 2. Ukuran Model Kapal Bersayap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 67,
"width": 208,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Dari gambar model tersebut dibuat gambar 3 dimensinya agar dapat digunakan untuk simulasi pemodelan dengan menggunakan program komputer.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 388,
"width": 121,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Gambar 3. Gambar Model 3 Dimensi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 411,
"width": 191,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Pemodelan Numerik dengan Program Komputer",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 435,
"width": 216,
"height": 224,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Pemodelan Numerik dilakukan dengan menggunakan program ANSYS. Desain yang telah di gambar dengan program gambar 3D ditransfer ke program computer perhitungan numerik, kemudian model diperiksa dimensinya dan bentuk geometri untuk mengetahui apakah terjadi kerusakan geometri dan perubahan ukuran akibat proses transfer gambar 3D tersebut atau tidak. Setelah geometri benar, maka dilakukan pengaturan dan pemberian meshing element pada model, meshing yang digunakan adalah automatic quadrilateral. Lalu disusun boundary condition dan degree of freedom model sebesar 15 derajat, pemberian beban internal berupa berat kapal di lokasi titik berat CG kapal bersayap, kemudian dihitung dan ditempatkan beban-beban force yang bekerja pada model yakni pada daerah hull dan ponton pada model kapal bersayap. Distribusi beban statis pada model ini dapat dilihat pada tabel 2 dan gambar 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 248,
"top": 671,
"width": 20,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- 35 -",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 67,
"width": 175,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Tabel 2 Beban static Structural pada hull dan Pontoon",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 350,
"width": 190,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "gambar 4 Grafik Pembebanan statik struktural pada Model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 48,
"top": 373,
"width": 207,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "kemudian ditentukan jenis analisa dan output yang diinginkan. Jenis analisa yang digunakan adalah structural analysis. Hasil output dari pemodelan numerik dengan program komputer dapat dilihat pada tabel 3 dan gambar 5 s/d gambar 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 446,
"width": 99,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Tabel 4 Hasil Static Structural",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 253,
"width": 190,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Gambar 5 Hasil Simulasi Distribusi Tekanan pd model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 424,
"width": 184,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Gambar 6 Hasil Simulasi Distribusi Tekanan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 438,
"width": 53,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "pada Pontoon",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 468,
"width": 90,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 492,
"width": 210,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Dari hasil simulasi Pemodelan tersebut distribusi tekanan yang terjadi pada hull dan pontoon kapal bersayap tersebut yang dijatuhkan dengan sudut kemiringan saat landing sebesar 15 derajat diketahui besarnya tekanan hampir sama dimana tekanan yang terbesar terletak pada bagian midship sedangkan tekanan yang paling besar pada posisi pontoon kapal sebesar 42790 Pa, tetapi karena faktor kesulitan pemasangan Posisi sensor tekanan, maka penempatan sensor tekanan diletakkan pada model pada posisi yang mudah untuk pemasangan sensor yang dinotasikan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 636,
"width": 176,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- F1 : pada area depan midship bagian kanan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 648,
"width": 176,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- F2 : pada area depan midship bagian kanan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 248,
"top": 671,
"width": 20,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- 36 -",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 66,
"width": 153,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- F3 : pada area midship bagian kanan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 78,
"width": 144,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- F4 : pada area midship bagian kiri",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 90,
"width": 187,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- F5 : pada area belakang midship bagian kanan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 102,
"width": 178,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- F6 : pada area belakang midship bagian kiri",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 114,
"width": 148,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- F7 : pada pontoon bagian starboard",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 126,
"width": 146,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "- F8. : pada pontoon bagian portside.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 354,
"width": 197,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Gambar 8 Sket Posisi Sensor pada Model kapal bersayap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 489,
"width": 172,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Gambar 9 Posisi Penempatan Sensor pada Model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 48,
"top": 517,
"width": 49,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 48,
"top": 541,
"width": 206,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Dari hasil simulasi pemodelan numerik yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui distribusi tekanan yang terjadi pada bagian hull dan pontoon kapal bersayap pada saat di jatuhkan ke air pada posisi jatuh bebas dari ketinggian tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 48,
"top": 601,
"width": 206,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Dengan hasil simulasi pemodelan tersebut maka pemasangan sensor tekanan yang akan digunakan untuk pengukuran distribusi tekanan model kapal bersayap pada saat pendaratan di air akan lebih optimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 67,
"width": 61,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 91,
"width": 205,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Saeed Moaveni, (2000), “Finite Element Analysis,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 103,
"width": 187,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Theori and Application with ANSYS, Second Edition, Minnesota State University, Mankato.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 127,
"width": 202,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Chang-Hua Yuan, Yong Lin Ye, “Study on The Space",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 139,
"width": 208,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "Motion of Wing in Ground Effect Craft”, China Ship Scientific Center-China. Nasir Mochammad (2011), “Sistem Pengukuran Distribusi Tekanan Menggunakan Sensor PVDF Film pada Pengujian Landing Model WISE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 199,
"width": 119,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 516,
"page_height": 729,
"text": "(Wing In Surface Effect) Craft”.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
1a4d062b-b617-77db-fc66-1fc4fb665d9e | https://iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/geosaintek/article/download/12514/6662 | [
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 784,
"width": 307,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 796,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "161",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 87,
"width": 407,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UJI LENDUT DEFORMASI JEMBATAN DENGAN TEKNIK PEMOTRETAN KONVERGEN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI DRONE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 123,
"width": 261,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Studi kasus : Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 149,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Fransisca Dwi A, 2) Martinus Edwin Tjahjadi 3) Muhammad Zhorif Nasri",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 165,
"width": 472,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Program Studi Teknik Geodesi, FTSP, ITN Malang 2) Program Studi Teknik Geodesi, FTSP, ITN Malang 3) Program Studi Teknik Geodesi, FTSP, ITN Malang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 189,
"width": 287,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-mail : 1) [email protected] 2) [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 217,
"width": 458,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak. Pada umumnya objek jembatan merupakan infrastruktur transportasi yang memiliki konstruksi untuk dipantau secara periodik, salah satunya melalui monitoring deformasi. Dengan melihat beberapa teknologi yang berkembang untuk monitoring deformasi, diantaranya teknologi di bidang survei terestris seperti GPS, total station , dan waterpass yang pada dasarnya memiliki kelemahan tersendiri dari segi biaya dan waktu monitoring. Di bidang fotogrametri berkembang teknologi drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro yang dapat digunakan untuk monitoring deformasi. Penelitian ini berfokus untuk melakukan pengujian kemampuan pada teknologi drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro untuk pemantauan deformasi jembatan. Studi kasus deformasi berupa uji lendut jembatan dalam kondisi terbebani. Pengujian dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan teknik pemotretan konvergen pada akuisisi foto tanpa beban dan dengan beban. Proses data uji deformasi jembatan menggunakan metode bundle adjustment multi foto. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian teknologi drone untuk deformasi jembatan maka dapat mendeteksi lendutan dan pergeseran ke arah z positif yang relatif kecil (tidak terjadi kerusakan struktur) pada Jembatan Sambong dengan kisaran antara ±0,025 mm - 1,281 mm serta ketelitian antara ±0,181 mm - 0,773 mm. Berdasarkan tingkat ketelitian pergeseran tersebut, maka teknologi drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro mampu mendeteksi lendutan pada konstruksi jembatan hingga di bawah 1 mm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 400,
"width": 298,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : deformasi; bundle adjustment ; pemotretan konvergen; drone",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 425,
"width": 456,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract. In general, the bridge object is a transportation infrastructure that has construction to be monitored periodically, one of which is through deformation monitoring. By looking at several technologies that have been developed for monitoring deformation, including technology in the field of terrestrial surveys such as GPS, total stations, and waterpass, which have their weaknesses in terms of cost and monitoring time. In the field of photogrammetry, the DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone technology has been developed which can be used for deformation monitoring. This research focuses on testing the capabilities of the DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone technology for monitoring bridge deformation. Case study of deformation in the form of bridge deflection test under loaded conditions. The test is carried out by utilizing convergent shooting techniques on photo acquisition without load and with a load. The bridge deformation test data process uses the multi-photo bundle adjustment method. Based on the results of testing drone technology for bridge deformation, it can detect relatively small deflections and shifts in the positive z -direction (no structural damage) on the Sambong Bridge with a range between ±0.025 mm - 1.281 mm and accuracy between ±0.181 mm - 0.773 mm. Based on the level of accuracy of the shift, the DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone technology can detect deflections in the bridge construction to below 1 mm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 597,
"width": 260,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : deformation; bundle adjustment; convergent; drone",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 635,
"width": 75,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 650,
"width": 234,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada umumnya saat melakukan monitoring deformasi, terdapat teknologi akuisisi data yang umum digunakan yakni teknologi survei terestris total station (Layli, 2019), waterpass (Ludfi, 2018), dan GPS (Safi'i, 2014). Teknologi yang digunakan dalam memonitoring deformasi memiliki tingkat sensitivitas (ketelitian) yang berbeda-beda dalam mendeteksi deformasi. Tingkat sensitivitas dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 635,
"width": 234,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "teknologi yang digunakan sangat berpengaruh untuk mendeteksi perubahan atau deformasi sekecil mungkin (Tjahjadi, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 681,
"width": 234,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada saat ini, terdapat teknologi lain di bidang fotogrametri yang dapat digunakan untuk memonitor deformasi pada objek jembatan, salah satunya drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro (Pillon, 2020). Objek jembatan sebagai salah satu komponen jalan dengan peranan cukup vital (Santoso, 2020),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 784,
"width": 484,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "162 Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 234,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "jembatan yang dibangun harus melalui beberapa tahap pengerjaan, mulai dari tahap perencanaan awal hingga tahap pengujian beban jembatan (Setiati, 2013). Jembatan yang telah lolos uji beban dan telah digunakan masih harus dilakukan monitoring secara kontinu dalam jangka waktu tertentu untuk mengetahui kesehatan struktur jembatan (PUPR, 2016). Jika terjadi pergeseran atau deformasi pada jembatan dari hasil monitoring tersebut, dapat segera diambil tindakan rasional, sehingga nantinya tidak terjadi kerusakan yang lebih parah dan membahayakan pengguna jembatan (Septinurriandiani, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 284,
"width": 235,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknologi drone tersebut nantinya dapat digunakan untuk memonitor deformasi jembatan. Beberapa keunggulan yang dapat dilihat secara nyata bahwa biaya teknologi tersebut yang relatif lebih terjangkau. Menurut (Pillon, 2020) saat ini, terdapat teknologi lain yang dapat digunakan untuk monitoring deformasi pada jembatan yaitu drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro . Teknologi drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro yang dilengkapi dengan sensor CMOS 1” memungkinkan drone untuk mengambil gambar dalam frekuensi yang tinggi dan noise yang lebih sedikit (Aulejtner, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 466,
"width": 235,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini nantinya akan dilakukan pengujian terhadap monitoring deformasi pada jembatan Sambong menggunakan metode bundle adjustment multi foto untuk memperoleh ketelitian maksimum di bawah 1 mm. Bundle adjustment merupakan suatu proses penyempurnaan rekonstruksi visual untuk menghasilkan struktur 3D yang optimal dan posisi serta orientasi kamera yang lebih akurat (Fauzan, 2020). Studi kasus pengujian deformasi adalah uji lendut jembatan dalam kondisi terbebani muatan dengan variasi konfigurasi pemotretan multi foto.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 664,
"width": 66,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODOLOGI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 679,
"width": 237,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lokasi penelitian tersebut berada di Jembatan Sambong, Desa Pandansari, Kecamatan Ngantang, Kabupaten Malang secara geografis terletak pada 07⁰52’45” LS dan 112⁰21’45” BT. Lokasi tersebut digunakan penelitian karena terdapat aktivitas penambangan pasir di sekitar area jembatan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 87,
"width": 234,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya pergeseran struktur jembatan akibat aktivitas tersebut. Adapun gambaran umum lokasi penelitian ditunjukan pada Gambar 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 237,
"width": 234,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1 . Lokasi penelitian Monitoring deformasi pada jembatan dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan drone DJ. I Phantom 4 Pro untuk menguji kemampuan teknologi akuisisi data deformasi. Adapun tahapan pelaksanaan uji lendut deformasi jembatan dengan teknik pemotretan konvergen teknologi drone dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2. Tahapan pelaksanaan meliputi tahap akuisisi foto, ekstraksi koordinat foto, pendefinisian koordinat 3D pendekatan, bundle adjustment , dan pengujian pergeseran terhadap sumbu z.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 368,
"top": 728,
"width": 124,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Tahapan penelitian",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 411,
"width": 181,
"height": 296,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akuisi foto Data foto Ekstraksi koordinat foto Pendefinisian koordinat objek pendekatan Bundle adjustment Koordinat 3D titik pantau Transformasi koordinat Uji lendut deformasi Visualisasi model deformasi",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 784,
"width": 307,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 796,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "163",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 186,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akuisisi Foto dengan Teknik Pemotretan Konvergen",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 114,
"width": 235,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akuisisi foto digital menggunakan teknologi d rone dilakukan dengan mengikuti alur kerja pemotretan dalam proses bundle adjustment multi foto. Alur kerja tersebut seperti penetapan nilai panjang fokus kamera drone , penggunaan resolusi gambar maksimum, dan orientasi kamera pada saat akuisisi foto. Penggunaan alur kerja tersebut berdasarkan spesifikasi drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 266,
"width": 212,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Spesifikasi kamera drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro Parameter spesifikasi Nilai Panjang fokus (mm) 8,8 Resolusi maksimum (piksel) 5472×3648 Ukuran sensor (mm) 13,2×8,8 Ukuran piksel (mm) 0,0024",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 389,
"width": 234,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses akuisisi foto digital dilakukan untuk memperoleh nilai vektor pergeseran. Akuisisi foto dilakukan pada dua waktu dan keadaan yang berbeda, dalam hal ini pada saat monitoring deformasi jembatan menggunakan drone dilakukan pada keadaan normal tanpa beban statis dan dengan penambahan beban statis berupa pick up berisi muatan pasir seperti terlihat pada Gambar 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 651,
"width": 203,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Penambahan beban statis berupa pick up berisi muatan pasir",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 693,
"width": 234,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses akuisisi foto dilakukan dengan teknik konfigurasi pemotretan konvergen horizontal, vertikal, dan kombinasi. Konfigurasi konvergen horizontal, vertikal, dan kombinasi merupakan konfigurasi yang arah pemotretannya berpusat pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 87,
"width": 237,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "satu area yang sama. Perbedaan dari ketiga konfigurasi ini terletak pada arah perpindahan kamera, posisi drone berpindah secara horizontal (kanan ke kiri) terhadap objek jembatan pada konfigurasi horizontal dan posisi drone berpindah secara vertikal (bawah ke atas) pada konfigurasi vertikal, sementara untuk konfigurasi kombinasi merupakan gabungan dari kedua konfigurasi konvergen horizontal dan vertikal. Ilustrasi dari konfigurasi horizontal dan vertikal dapat dilihat pada Gambar 4 dan 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 392,
"width": 179,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4 . Konfigurasi konvergen horizontal",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 349,
"top": 565,
"width": 171,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5 . Konfigurasi konvergen vertikal",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 594,
"width": 234,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan metode konvergen sebagai metode pemotretan pada dasarnya mempunyai keunggulan tersendiri karena telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan nilai keakurasian koordinat yang dihasilkan (Zhang dkk, 2012; Udin, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 676,
"width": 114,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ekstraksi Koordinat Foto",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 691,
"width": 234,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses ekstraksi koordinat dilakukan pada titik- target reflektif yang sudah tersebar pada konstruksi jembatan secara merata pada sisi subjek penelitian seperti ditunjukan pada Gambar 6. Reflektif target tersebut dibuat khusus agar memiliki daya pantul",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 784,
"width": 484,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "164 Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 237,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tinggi dan kekontrasan lebih dominan dibanding area lain yang terpotret (Tjahjadi, 2010), sehingga dapat mempermudah proses ekstraksi koordinat foto secara semi otomatis dan menghasilkan koordinat yang lebih presisi (Ribeiro, 2021). Proses ekstraksi koordinat foto secara semi otomatis ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode centroid seperti yang dibahas dalam (Luhmann, 2011; Matsuoka, 2010; 2011; 2015; Shortis, 1995).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 385,
"width": 213,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Persebaran titik retro reflektif target dan contoh titik target reflektif yang dipasang",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 423,
"width": 167,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendefinisan Koordinat Pendekatan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 436,
"width": 236,
"height": 209,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam proses ini, output yang dihasilkan berupa koordinat titik tengah retro dalam sistem kartesian 3 dimensi. Output tersebut diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran koordinat foto (xy) dengan metode centroid pada masing-masing retro untuk setiap foto (Tjahjadi, 2010). Titik pusat tengah retro pada foto yang diamati merupakan lokasi jatuhnya berkas sinar pada bidang sensor yang dipantulkan dari objek dan memenuhi kondisi kolinieritas, di mana pusat perspektif (O), titik P pada bidang sensor, dan objek P yang dicitrakan semuanya berada pada satu garis lurus (Tjahjadi, 2017), kondisi kolinieritas ini dimodelkan secara matematis di dalam (Luhmann, 2011; Wolf, 2000; 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 649,
"width": 235,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model matematis kolinieritas (Wolf, 2013) dapat diselesaikan menggunakan teknik least square adjsutment , namun karena satu-satunya nilai yang diketahui yaitu koordinat foto, maka dibutuhkan koordinat pendekatan titik tengah pada retro dalam kartesian 3D sehingga model matematis kolinearitas dapat diselesaikan. Koordinat 3D pendekatan tersebut dapat diperoleh dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 87,
"width": 234,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terlebih dahulu melakukan perhitungan parameter EO. Pendekatan tersebut menggunakan metode dependent relative orientation , metode ini dilakukan dengan hanya melibatkan hasil pengukuran koordinat foto pada dua buah foto (Tjahjadi, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 163,
"width": 235,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah nilai parameter EO pendekatan diketahui, nilai tersebut dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh koordinat objek 3D pendekatan menggunakan metode intersection atau triangulasi (Fraser, 2005). Pada dasarnya, jika dua foto atau lebih diketahui posisi dan orientasinya, maka titik- titik yang berada pada dua foto atau lebih tersebut akan dapat diketahui koordinat 3D-nya (Tjahjadi, 2010). Koordinat objek 3D tersebut diperoleh dengan menghitung persamaan kolinieritas pada persamaan (1) dan (2) (Odumosu, 2021). Adapun ilustrasi proses intersection ditunjukan pada Gambar 7.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 373,
"width": 197,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑣𝑥 𝑎 = 𝑏 14 𝑋 𝑎 + 𝑏 15 𝑍 𝑎 − 𝑏 16 𝑌 𝑎 + 𝐽 (1)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 400,
"width": 197,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑣𝑦 𝑎 = 𝑏 24 𝑋 𝑎 + 𝑏 25 𝑍 𝑎 − 𝑏 26 𝑌 𝑎 + 𝐾 (2)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 610,
"width": 156,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Ilustrasi proses intersection",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 636,
"width": 235,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya, proses mendapatkan nilai parameter EO pendekatan untuk foto-foto lainnya dapat menggunakan metode resection . Metode tersebut memanfaatkan koordinat objek 3D titik- titik retro pendekatan yang telah diperoleh sebelumnya dari proses intersection untuk mendapatkan parameter posisi dan orientasi (EO) dalam sistem kartesian 3-dimensi (Photometrix, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 784,
"width": 307,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 796,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "165",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 102,
"width": 90,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bundle Adjustment",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 118,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bundle adjustment merupakan proses",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 133,
"width": 235,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penyempurnaan rekonstruksi visual untuk menghasilkan struktur 3D yang optimal (Fauzan, 2021). Pada proses ini, seluruh berkas sinar pemotretan yang terlibat dimodelkan kembali melalui teknik least square adjustment seperti diilustrasikan pada Gambar 8, dengan bentuk umum persamaan least square adjustment sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam Rokhmana (2019) ditunjukan pada persamaan (3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 284,
"width": 176,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑣 = 𝐴 1 𝛿 1 + 𝐴 2 𝛿 2 + 𝐴 3 𝛿 3 − 𝑙 (3)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 314,
"width": 234,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di mana 𝑣 adalah vektor residual pengukuran koordinat foto A 1 , A 2 ,A 3 berturut-turut adalah matriks turunan parsial terhadap parameter EO, koordinat objek titik retro, dan kesalahan sistematis kamera; adalah selisih antara nilai pengukuran dengan nilai terkoreksi dari model kolinieritas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 577,
"width": 234,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 8 . Ilustrasi bundle adjustment Pada proses komputasi bundle adjustment yang diilustrasikan pada Gambar 8, proses hitung perataan dilakukan secara iteratif menggunakan serangkaian persamaan linier sampai memperoleh nilai kuadrat residu minimum. Disamping itu, kesalahan sistematis pada kamera yang digunakan dapat diminimalisir pengaruhnya dengan menggunakan persamaan (4) (Rokhmana, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 710,
"width": 224,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[ 𝐴 1 𝑇 𝑃𝐴 1 𝐴 1 𝑇 𝑃𝐴 2 𝐴 1 𝑇 𝑃𝐴 3 𝐴 2 𝑇 𝑃𝐴 1 𝐴 2 𝑇 𝑃𝐴 2 𝐴 2 𝑇 𝑃𝐴 3 𝐴 3 𝑇 𝑃𝐴 1 𝐴 3 𝑇 𝑃𝐴 2 𝐴 3 𝑇 𝑃𝐴 3 ] [ 𝛿 1 𝛿 2 𝛿 3 ] + [ 𝐴 1 𝑇 𝑃𝑙 𝐴 2 𝑇 𝑃𝑙 𝐴 3 𝑇 𝑃𝑙 ] = 0 (4)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 87,
"width": 235,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di mana P adalah matriks bobot dari ketelitian (RMS)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 118,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Deformasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 133,
"width": 237,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses pengujian dilakukan dari dua data pengamatan, maka kedua data tersebut harus mempunyai sistem koordinat datum yang sama. Penyamaan sistem koordinat datum dilakukan menggunakan transformasi koordinat konform 3D (Wolf, 2000; Ghilani, 2018) dengan menggunakan sistem koordinat epok 1 sebagai acuan untuk transformasi epok 2. Selanjutnya, koordinat titik retro XYZ epok 1 dan epok 2 hasil transformasi digunakan untuk mengetahui vektor pergeseran titik-titik pantau pada jembatan menggunakan persamaan (5) (Kayikci, 2015). Di mana 𝑑 𝑖 adalah vektor pergeseran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 326,
"width": 140,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑑 𝑖 = 𝑥 2𝑖 − 𝑥 1𝑖 𝑦 2𝑖 − 𝑦 1𝑖 𝑧 2𝑖 − 𝑧 1𝑖 (5)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 382,
"width": 234,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah diperoleh nilai vektor pergeseran melalui persamaan (5), maka dilakukan proses uji signifikan dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pergeseran yang terjadi pada titik pantau (Yildirim, 2019). Uji ini dilakukan dengan hipotesa awal sebagai berikut. H0 : Titik pantau tidak mengalami deformasi (T<F) Ha : Titik pantau mengalami deformasi (T>F)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 503,
"width": 235,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk memperoleh kesimpulan dari hipotesa tersebut, maka terlebih dahulu melakukan penentuan nilai F berdasarkan nilai DOF total ( degrees of freedom ) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05). Proses selanjutnya, karena nilai T pada uji signifikan belum diketahui, maka dilakukan perhitungan nilai T dengan menggunakan persamaan (6) (Setan, 2001).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 368,
"top": 623,
"width": 174,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑇 = 𝑑 𝑖 𝑇 𝑄 𝑑𝑖 −1 𝑑 𝑖 ℎ𝜎 ̂ 0 2 (6)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 663,
"width": 235,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di mana 𝑄 𝑑𝑖 −1 adalah matriks bobot; 𝜎̂ 0 2 adalah varian aposteriori; h adalah rank dari matriks bobot.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 697,
"width": 120,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 718,
"width": 95,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parameter Kalibrasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 731,
"width": 235,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parameter kalibrasi kamera diperoleh dari hasil komputasi bundle adjustment (Rokhmana, 2019),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 784,
"width": 484,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "166 Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 235,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menggunakan perataan jaring dengan persamaan (4) dilakukan pada 44 titik pantau yang telah tersebar secara merata pada area pemantauan seperti ditunjukan pada Gambar 6. Proses tersebut menghasilkan parameter kalibrasi yaitu tiga parameter utama kamera (c,xp,yp) dan tujuh parameter distorsi kamera (K1,K2,K3,P1,P2,B1,B2) (Tjahjadi, 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 209,
"width": 237,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendefinisian parameter kalibrasi kamera dilakukan pada tiga kondisi pemotretan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konfigurasi pemotretan konvergen terhadap kualitas hasil kalibrasi kamera. Tiga kondisi pemotretan tersebut diantaranya yang pertama adalah pemotretan konvergen horizontal (tanpa data vertikal) seperti terlihat pada Gambar 9.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 447,
"width": 181,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9. Visualisasi konfigurasi konvergen horizontal",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 471,
"width": 235,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendefinisian parameter hasil kalibrasi pada komputasi data pemotretan konvergen horizontal (tanpa data foto vertikal) melibatkan masing-masing 6 buah foto untuk epok 1 dan 2. Parameter hasil kalibrasi kamera tersebut dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 576,
"width": 218,
"height": 171,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Parameter hasil kalibrasi kamera drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro konfigurasi konvergen horizontal Parameter kalibrasi Pemotretan tanpa beban Pemotretan dengan beban Nilai So (mm) Nilai So (mm) C 8,867 2,1e-02 8,904 7,9e-03 X p -0,137 5,2e-02 -0,028 3,1e-02 Y p 0,161 3,1e-02 0,091 2,2e-02 K1 8,9e-05 5,3e-05 9,8e-05 1,9e-05 K2 5,6e-06 2,0e-07 3,4e-06 9,7e-07 K3 -1,2e- 07 2,9e-08 -7,9e- 08 1,6e-08 P1 4,1e-04 1,6e-04 1,1e-04 1,1e-04",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P2 -2,6e- 04 4,9e-05 -2,0e- 04 2,7e-05 B1 -1,3e- 33 3,1e-20 -1,4e- 33 3,1e-20 B2 -8,5e- 34 3,1e-20 -5,7e- 34 3,1e-20",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 161,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan tabel :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 175,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "So : Standar deviasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 202,
"width": 237,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kondisi kedua adalah komputasi data pemotretan konvergen vertikal (tanpa data horizontal) seperti diilustrasikan pada Gambar 10. Proses komputasi data pemotretan pada kondisi tersebut melibatkan 5 buah foto (epok 1) dan 4 buah foto (epok 2) untuk mendapatkan parameter kalibrasi kamera. Adapun hasil kalibrasi kamera DJI Phantom 4 Pro pada kondisi ini ditampilkan pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 317,
"top": 469,
"width": 214,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 10. Visualisasi model konfigurasi konvergen vertikal",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 507,
"width": 210,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3 . Parameter hasil kalibrasi kamera drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro konfigurasi konvergen vertikal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 532,
"width": 204,
"height": 219,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parameter kalibrasi Pemotretan tanpa beban Pemotretan dengan beban Nilai So (mm) Nilai So (mm) C 8,949 4,7e- 02 8,823 1,7e- 01 X p -0,134 7,4e- 02 -0,112 3,3e- 01 Y p 0,163 9,1e- 02 0,051 1,6e- 01 K1 7,7e-05 5,2e- 05 -1,0e- 04 6,1e- 05 K2 3,0e-06 2,2e- 06 2,2e-05 4,9e- 06 K3 -5,9e- 08 4,5e- 08 -5,1e- 07 1,3e- 07 P1 4,1e-04 2,8e- 04 1,3e-04 9,9e- 04",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 784,
"width": 307,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 796,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "167",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 88,
"width": 184,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P2 -5,1e- 04 3,6e- 04 -1,5e- 04 2,7e- 05 B1 -1,3e- 33 3,1e- 20 -1,4e- 33 3,2e- 20 B2 -8,6e- 34 3,1e- 20 -5,6e- 34 3,2e- 20",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 162,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan tabel :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 176,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "So : Standar deviasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 205,
"width": 234,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemudian, pada kondisi ketiga adalah kombinasi pemotretan konvergen horizontal dan vertikal seperti divisualisasikan pada Gambar 11. Pada komputasi data pemotretan konvergen kombinasi horizontal-vertikal, terdapat 11 foto (epok 1) dan 10 foto (epok 2) yang terlibat dalam pendefinisian parameter kalibrasi kamera. Hasil kalibrasi kamera pada pemotretan konvergen kombinasi horizontal-vertikal tersebut ditampilkan pada Tabel 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 496,
"width": 215,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 11. Visualisasi model konfigurasi konvergen kombinasi",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 534,
"width": 210,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Parameter hasil kalibrasi kamera drone DJI",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 546,
"width": 212,
"height": 208,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Phantom 4 Pro konfigurasi kombinasi Parameter kalibrasi Pemotretan tanpa beban Pemotretan dengan beban Nilai So (mm) Nilai So (mm) C 8,917 7,3e-03 8,918 5,2e-03 X p - 0,101 1,9e-02 -0,022 2,4e-02 Y p 0,044 1,0e-02 0,039 6,0e-03 K1 5,6e- 05 1,6e-05 6,8e-05 1,3e-05 K2 3,9e- 06 7,4e-07 5,7e-06 6,9e-07 K3 -8,2e- 08 1,1e-08 -1,2e- 07 1,2e-08 P1 3,5e- 04 6,1e-05 1,1e-04 8,1e-05",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 88,
"width": 195,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P2 -1,2e- 04 2,7e-05 -1,8e- 04 1,9e-05 B1 -1,3e- 33 3,4e-20 -1,4e- 33 3,4e-20 B2 -8,5e- 34 3,4e-20 -5,7e- 34 3,4e-20",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 162,
"width": 86,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan Tabel :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 176,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "So : Standar deviasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 205,
"width": 237,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan parameter hasil kalibrasi kamera pada Tabel 2, 3, dan 4, menunjukan bahwa nilai parameter kamera utama yaitu panjang fokus (c), dan principal point (x p y p ) menghasilkan perubahan nilai yang tidak signifikan, dengan nilai standar deviasi yang kecil. Nilai standar deviasi rata-rata terkecil untuk panjang fokus, dan principal point (x p y p ) dihasilkan dari komputasi data pemotretan konvergen kombinasi horizontal-vertikal pada Tabel 4 dengan nilai standar deviasi panjang fokus ±0,0063 mm, dan principal point xp yp berturut- turut sebesar ±0,0022 mm dan ±0,0082 mm. Nilai standar deviasi tersebut mengindikasikan konfigurasi pemotretan konvergen kombinasi horizontal vertikal lebih teliti dibanding dua konfigurasi lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 461,
"width": 185,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koordinat Objek Titik Pantau Deformasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 474,
"width": 235,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koordinat objek titik pantau merupakan nilai koordinat 3D yang diperoleh dari hasil ekstraksi koordinat titik-titik retro yang tersebar di area pemantauan deformasi. Koordinat objek titik pantau tersebut merupakan hasil komputasi konfgiruasi pemotretan konvergen horizontal-vertikal yang merupakan konfigurasi dengan ketelitian terbaik. Adapun nilai koordinat objek titik pantau pemotretan tanpa beban dan dengan pembebanan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 5 dan 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 626,
"width": 235,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maka dapat dilihat pada tabel 5 dan 6, di dapatkan nilai RMS tiap komponen dua epok data pemotretan tanpa beban dan dengan pembebanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 784,
"width": 484,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "168 Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 759,
"width": 234,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai RMS pemotretan tanpa beban untuk",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 91,
"width": 250,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Koordinat objek titik pantau deformasi tanpa beban",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 105,
"width": 400,
"height": 591,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nama Titik Koordinat (mm) Standar deviasi (mm) X Y Z Sx Sy Sz 1 -80,105 6434,216 -171,237 0,274 0,347 0,226 2 -79,532 6431,808 140,452 0,279 0,332 0,200 3 -579,999 6373,631 -167,077 0,224 0,283 0,176 : : : : : : : 14 -3082 6069,979 153,345 0,189 0,283 0,136 : : : : : : : 60 -1454,504 4060,673 790,713 0,588 0,533 0,439 : : : : : : : 371 2277,336 5121,571 1339,555 0,705 0,846 0,515 RMS 0,673 0,639 0,284 Tabel 6. Koordinat objek titik pantau deformasi dengan pembebanan Nama Titik Koordinat (mm) Standar deviasi (mm) X Y Z Sx Sy Sz 1 -79,522 6434,345 -170,841 0,398 0,614 0,419 2 -79,048 6432,439 140,693 0,423 0,667 0,248 3 -579,479 6374,415 -166,905 0,419 0,527 0,329 : : : : : : : 14 -3082,206 6069,823 153,341 0,385 0,549 0,213 : : : : : : : 60 -1451,846 4060,089 792,464 1,491 1,041 0,697 : : : : : : : 371 2277,791 5120,249 1340,183 1,003 1,834 0,600 RMS 0,555 0,598 0,269 Tabel 7. Arah dan besar pergeseran Nama Titik Vektor pergeseran (mm) ds i (mm) Ketelitian vektor pergeseran δs i (mm) dx i dy i dz i δx i δy i δzi 1 0,584 0,129 0,397 0,717 0,483 0,706 0,476 0,555 2 0,483 0,631 0,241 0,830 0,507 0,745 0,319 0,524 3 0,520 0,784 0,172 0,956 0,476 0,598 0,373 0,482 : : : : : : : : : 14 -0,113 -0,157 -0,005 0,193 0,429 0,618 0,258 0,435 : : : : : : : : : 60 2,658 -0,583 1,751 3,235 1,603 1,169 0,824 1,199 : : : : : : : : : 371 0,454 -1,321 0,628 1,532 1,225 2,019 0,790 1,345",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 704,
"width": 132,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan Tabel : ds i : Besar pergeseran δs i : Ketelitian pergeseran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 784,
"width": 307,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 796,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "169",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 234,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "komponen X, Y, dan Z berturut-turut sebesar 0,472 mm, 0,466 mm, dan 0,255 mm, sementara untuk nilai RMS dengan beban untuk komponen X, Y, dan Z berturut-turut sebesar 1,311 mm, 0,882 mm, dan 0,411 mm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 163,
"width": 234,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil tersebut menunjukan komponen Z memiliki nilai RMS yang lebih kecil dibanding komponen X dan Y, selain itu nilai RMS pada komponen Z dapat dikatakan memiliki akurasi yang tinggi (RMS total <1 mm).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 254,
"width": 90,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Lendut Deformasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 268,
"width": 235,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian deformasi digunakan untuk mengetahui arah pergeseran (dxi,dyi,dzi) dan besar pergeseran (dsi) yang terjadi dari masing-masing titik pantau beserta ketelitian pergeseran (δd) dengan menggunakan persamaan (5). Adapun besar dan arah pergeseran tersebut disajikan dalam Tabel 7 sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 374,
"width": 235,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 7 pada kolom dz i , dapat diketahui bahwa 19 titik pantau deformasi menunjukan terjadinya lendutan yang relatif kecil dan 25 titik lain menunjukan pergeseran ke arah z positif. Pergeseran terkecil terjadi pada titik 16 dengan besar nilai lendutan ±0,025 mm dan pergeseran terbesar terjadi pada titik 31 dengan nilai lendutan ±1,281 mm. Hasil pengujian pergeseran terhadap sumbu z (kolom dz i ) yang dapat dilihat pada Tabel 7 memiliki ketelitian pergeseran yang relatif kecil, berkisar diantara ±0,181 mm - 0,773 mm, hal ini menunjukan tingkat sensitivitas kamera drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro dapat mendeteksi pergeseran terhadap sumbu z hingga di bawah 1 mm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 602,
"width": 234,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Gambar 12 dan 13 terlihat bahwa seluruh titik pantau sebanyak (16 titik) yang berada tepat di bawah beban menunjukkan pergeseran ke arah z positif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 87,
"width": 234,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sementara, dapat dilihat pada Gambar 14 bahwa titik yang tidak berada tepat di bawah beban memiliki pergeseran yang relatif sama dengan titik di bawah beban, di mana arah pergeseran cenderung ke arah sumbu z positif. Hal ini diindikasikan sebagai akibat adanya aktivitas truk tambang pasir yang melewati area bawah jembatan pada saat pemotretan, bobot truk yang lebih besar dari pada massa beban di atas jembatan mengakibatkan arah pergeseran terhadap sumbu z menjadi tidak stabil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 254,
"width": 234,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pengujian pergeseran terhadap sumbu z disajikan pada Tabel 6 . Secara visualisasi terlihat pada Gambar 11 dan 12 memperlihatkan bahwa belum bisa menunjukan titik pantau terdeformasi, maka perlu dilakukan uji signifikan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% berdasarkan nilai parameter dan degrees of freedom , berikut hasil pengujian tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 375,
"width": 207,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 8. Hasil uji signifikan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% Nama titik Nilai T Nilai F pada tabel fisher Hasil uji 1 -0,033 2,61 Diterima 2 -0,092 2,61 Diterima 3 -0,100 2,61 Diterima : : : : 14 -0,002 2,61 Diterima : : : : 60 0,089 2,62 Diterima : : : : 371 0,046 2,61 Diterima",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 552,
"width": 234,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 8 menaunjukkan bahwa hasil uji signifikan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% diterima untuk seluruh titik, artinya seluruh titik pantau tidak terdeformasi (stabil) pada tingkat signifikan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 592,
"top": 752,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tinggi terbang 6 m",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 784,
"width": 484,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "170 Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 649,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENUTUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 664,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simpulan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 679,
"width": 234,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknologi drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro mampu digunakan sebagai akuisisi data deformasi untuk uji lendut jembatan dengan ketelitian maksimum di bawah 1 mm, artinya drone mampu mendeteksi lendutan maupun pergeseran ke arah z positif pada jembatan hingga di bawah 1 mm. Ketelitian ini",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 649,
"width": 234,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dicapai melalui penerapan konfigurasi konvergen kombinasi yang merupakan konfigurasi pemotretan dengan ketelitian kalibrasi terbaik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 694,
"width": 235,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam proses pengujian drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro untuk uji lendut, 19 titik pantau menunjukan adanya lendutan yang relatif kecil akibat pembebanan dan 25 titik lainnya tidak menunjukan adanya lendutan. 25 titik pantau yang tidak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 254,
"width": 433,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 12. Visualisasi model pergeseran terhadap sumbu Z pada titik yang berada tepat di bawah beban",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 430,
"width": 430,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 13. Visualisasi model pergeseran terhadap sumbu Z pada titik yang berada tepat di bawah beban",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 619,
"width": 451,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 14. Visualisasi model pergeseran terhadap sumbu Z pada titik yang tidak berada tepat di bawah beban",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 288,
"width": 86,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tinggi terbang 6 m Tinggi terbang 6 m",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 784,
"width": 307,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 796,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "171",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 234,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menunjukan adanya lendutan setelah pembebanan diakibatkan oleh adanya aktivitas kendaraan truk pasir di bawah jembatan yang memiliki bobot lebih besar dari massa beban di atas jembatan, sehingga mengakibatkan arah pergseran terhadap sumbu z menjadi tidak stabil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 178,
"width": 26,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 193,
"width": 235,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemantauan deformasi direkomendasikan untuk dilakukan sebanyak lebih dari dua kali (>2 epok) untuk memperoleh kesimpulan dari pengujian deformasi yang lebih sesuai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 269,
"width": 97,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ucapan Terima Kasih",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 284,
"width": 161,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Teknik Geodesi FTSP ITN Malang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 300,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Desa Pandansari Kabupaten Malang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 330,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 349,
"width": 234,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aulejtner, M. (2011). Investigation on Methods for Making Detailed Digital Models of Sculptures and Other Artefacts. Master Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , AGH University of Science and Technology.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 416,
"width": 234,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fauzan, K. N., Suwardhi, D., Murtiyoso, A., Gumilar, I., & Sidiq, T. P. (2021). Close-Range Photogrammetry Method for SF6 Gas Insulated Line (GIL) Deformation Monitoring. International",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 453,
"width": 220,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, 43, 503-510. doi: 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2021-503-2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 508,
"width": 234,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fraser, C. S. (2005). Network Orientation Models for Image-Based 3D Measurement. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing & Spasial Information Science , 36(5), 9.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 563,
"width": 234,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ghilani, C. D. (2018). Adjustment Computations Spatial Data Analysis 6 Edition. Unites States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 605,
"width": 234,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kayikci, E. T., & Yalcinkaya, M. (2015). Determination of Horizontal Movements by Static Deformation Models: A Case Study on the Mining Area. Experimental Techniques , 39(6), 70 – 81.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 660,
"width": 234,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ke, T., Zhang, Z. X., & Huang, S. (2012). The Scanning Photogrammetry. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences , 39, 345 – 349.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 715,
"width": 234,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Layli, B.A.A,. (2019). Analisis Deformasi Jembatan Luk Barat Kecamatan Gangga Pasca Gempa Lombok 2018 Menggunakan Metode metode Empiris dan Numerik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 87,
"width": 220,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel Ilmiah, Jurusan Teknik Sipil , Universitas Mataram.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 118,
"width": 234,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ludfi, A. (2018). Analisis deformasi vertikal bangunan Bertingkat Kampus ITS Sukolilo Menggunakan Metode Terestrial. Tugas Akhir, Departemen Teknik",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 154,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Geomatika , Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 172,
"width": 234,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Luhmann, T. (2011)., Robson, S., & Harley, I. Close Range Photogrammetry . Soctland: Whittlesh Publishing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 203,
"width": 234,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matsuoka, R. (2011). Measurement Accuracy of Center Location of a Circle by Centroid Method. Photogrammetric Image Analysis , 6592, 297 – 308.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 246,
"width": 234,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matsuoka, R. (2015). Measurement precision and accuracy of the centre location of an ellipse by weighted centroid method. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences , 2, 111 – 118. doi: 10.5194/isprsannals-II-3-W4-111-2015.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 325,
"width": 234,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Odumosu, J. O., Ajayi, O. G., Nnam, V. C., & Ajayi, S.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 337,
"width": 220,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2021). Achieving close range photogrammetry with non-metric mobile phone cameras. Geodesy and Cartography, 47, 71 – 79. doi:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 374,
"width": 106,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10.3846/gac.2021.12241.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 392,
"width": 234,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pillon, Simone. (2020). Monitoring of a Landslide Through the Use of UAV Survey. EGU General Assembly. doi: 10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7696.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 434,
"width": 234,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rokhmana, C.A., Tjahjadi, M.E., dan Agustina, F.D. (2019). Cadastral Surveys with Non-metric Camera Using Uav: A Feasibility Study. KnE Engineering, 2019 , 227 – 237. doi: 10.18502/keg.v4i3.5856.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 489,
"width": 234,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setan, H., & Singh, R. (2001). Deformation analysis of a geodetic monitoring network. Geomatica , 55(3), 333 –",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 514,
"width": 20,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "346.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 532,
"width": 234,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setiati, N. R., & Surviyanto, A. (2013). Analisis Uji Beban Kendaraan Terhadap Jembatan (Loading Test Analysis of Full Integral Bridge). Jurnal Jalan-Jembatan , 30(3), 190 – 204.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 587,
"width": 234,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Shortis, M. R. (1995). Practical Testing of the Precision and Accuracy of Target Image Centring Algorithms. Videometrics IV , 2598, 65 – 76.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 629,
"width": 234,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tjahjadi, E. (2010). Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Kamera Dijital SLR Untuk Pemantauan Deformasi Bangunan. Sondir , 4(7), 1-12.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 672,
"width": 234,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tjahjadi, E., Purwanto, H., & Sae, S. S. (2013). Studi Kelayakan Pemetaan Kadastral Teliti Dari Pemotretan Udara Dengan Wahana Nirawak. Forum Ilmiah Tahunan Ikatan Surveyor Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 727,
"width": 234,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tjahjadi, M. E., & Handoko, F. (2017). Single frame resection of compact digital cameras for UAV imagery.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 45,
"width": 378,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Geosaintek, Vol.8 No.1 Tahun 2022. 161-172. p-ISSN: 2460-9072, e-ISSN: 2502-3659",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 784,
"width": 484,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "172 Artikel diterima 10 Maret 2022, Revisi 10 April 2022, Online 23 April 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25023659.v8i1.12514",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 87,
"width": 220,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Conference on Electrical Engineering , Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 118,
"width": 234,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wolf, P. R., & Dewitt, B. A. (2000). Elements of Photogrammetry with Applications in GIS 3 Edition . Unites States: The McGraw-Hill Companies.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 160,
"width": 234,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wolf, P. R., Dewitt, B. A., & Wilkinson, B. E. (2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 172,
"width": 220,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Elements of Photogrammetry with Applications in Gis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 185,
"width": 202,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Editions . United States: McGraw-Hill Company.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 203,
"width": 234,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yildirim, U.K., dan Sisman, Y. (2019). the Deformation Analysis Using Hypothesis Tests. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences , 4(2), 88 – 93. doi: 10.26833/ijeg.473944.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 258,
"width": 60,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "-------------------",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
e3ec9f34-0a26-649c-a93c-37714b7a3c87 | https://ijphs.iaescore.com/index.php/IJPHS/article/download/20387/13182 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 239,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 70,
"width": 146,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2020, pp. 90~96",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 82,
"width": 208,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2252-8806, DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v9i2.20387",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 482,
"top": 80,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " 90",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 776,
"width": 183,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage: http://ijphs.iaescore.com",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 106,
"width": 435,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Determinants of iodine deficiency among school age children in Guraghe Zone, Southwest Ethiopia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 233,
"top": 163,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berhanu Abebaw 1 , Abdu Oumer 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 174,
"width": 349,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 184,
"width": 368,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Department of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolkite University, Ethiopia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 228,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article Info",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 228,
"width": 54,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 245,
"width": 439,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article history: Received Nov 18, 2019 Revised Apr 15, 2020 Accepted Apr 24, 2020 Globally, insufficient iodine intake is found to be the most common preventable cause of mental retardation that results in diminished immunity, decreased school performance and infant and young child death. Ethiopia is the first of the top iodine deficient countries in the world. About 12 million children (school age) get inadequate iodine. Community based cross sectional study was conducted on 792 school age children in Guraghe Zone, Ethiopia to assess the determinants of iodine deficiency. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. Data were collected by using pretested questionnaire. Clinical examinations were taken following standard procedures. The collected data were entered into Epi-data and exported to SPSS for analysis. Descriptive statistics was calculated and presented accordingly. Bivariate and multivariable Logistic regression with odds ratios along with the 95% confidence interval was computed and interpreted accordingly. A P-value <0.05 was declared as statistically significant association. Total goiter rate was 8.7%. Factors that had significant association with goiter were: School age children who utilized non iodized salt (AOR=3.12, 95% CI=1.73-5.63), those who consumed cabbage >2 times per week (AOR=1.94, 95% CI=1.10-3.52), and children who got elder (AOR=1.22, 95% CI=1.10-1.41). The study area had mild iodine deficiency disorder. Non iodized salt utilization; frequent cabbage consumption and increased age of children were found to be predictors of goiter.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 452,
"width": 285,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Thus, Interventions should focus on universal salt iodization,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 463,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "besides familiarizing goiterogens to the community at large.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 316,
"width": 72,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Goiter Iodine deficiency",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 356,
"width": 47,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "School age Southwest",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 479,
"width": 215,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 539,
"width": 100,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Corresponding Author:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 556,
"width": 160,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berhanu Abebaw, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 644,
"width": 104,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 656,
"width": 442,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Iodine is a critical component of thyroid hormones which are necessary for optimal brain development and function; moreover, it controls metabolic rate and the growth and development of body structures during pregnancy [1]. The optimal daily iodine intake for school children (6-12years) is 120gram, as recommended by world health organization (WHO) [2]. Globally, insufficient iodine intake is found to be the most common preventable cause of mental retardation and brain damage [1, 2].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 713,
"width": 445,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Iodine deficiency (ID) is largely caused by low iodine content in the foods that people consumed [3]. Iodine status is known to be directly related to intake [4] and the major source of iodine is utilization of iodized salt [5]. ID results in diminished immunity, decreased school performance and infant and young child death [6, 7]. Thyroid enlargement can be estimated by palpation (clinically) or ultrasound and is the most easily",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Int. J. Public Health Sci",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 59,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2252-8806",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 482,
"top": 57,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 776,
"width": 407,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Determinants of iodine deficiency among school age children in Guraghe Zone …(Berhanu Abebaw)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 59,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "91",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 83,
"width": 445,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "detected sign of iodine deficiency [8]. All the adverse consequences attributed to ID are together called iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). These disorders include stillbirth, miscarriage, cretinism, goiter, mental retardation and hypothyroidism [9, 10]. The most severe consequences of ID are increased perinatal death and mental retardation [11]. IDD is a global public health issue that touches around one fourth of the world’s population [12]. Pregnant women and children (6-12 years) are the most vulnerable groups for ID [13]. To eliminate IDD, universal salt iodization (USI) programs were given a major emphasis in the global approach since 1990 [14]. Globally 29.8% of school age children (241 million) are estimated to have insufficient iodine intakes. Southeast Asia has the largest number of school age children with low iodine intakes (76 million) and 39% (58 million) have inadequate iodine intakes in Africa [15].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 187,
"width": 445,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In Ethiopia, IDD have been documented as the most important public health problem for the last six decades and continue to be a major threat to its people [16-19]. Despite implementing USI programs, Ethiopia is the first of the top iodine deficient countries in the world; about 66 million people are prone to the risk of IDD. Moreover, 12 million children (school age) get inadequate iodine. ID causes 37.3 cretins, 33.4 miscarriage, and 47.5 stillbirths and neonatal deaths per 1000 live births [15, 20]. The nation’s education is questionable, as ID may cause an intelligence quotient (IQ) reduction of 13.5 points [21]. This problem has been estimated at nearly 1 billion (US$) loss over the 2000-2005. In Ethiopia, only less than 1/5th of the households used adequately iodized salt; more than 4 million children (39.9%) had goiter. Even though variations of goiter rate occur among regions; in SNNPR the problem accounts to 56% in school age children [22]. Despite the fact that highest prevalence of goiter (among school age children) in SNNPR compared to other regions in Ethiopia, very little has been given in terms of intervention activities and etiologic investigations. Assessing the problem of iodine deficiency has a great importance to know the effectiveness and design appropriate strategies. However literature is scanty, particularly in the study area. Thus, this study aimed to assess the determinants of ID among school children (6-12 years) in Guraghe zone, southwest Ethiopia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 369,
"width": 162,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. METHODS AND MATERIALS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 380,
"width": 78,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.1. Study setting",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 392,
"width": 445,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The study was conducted in Guraghe zone, one of the zones in SNNPR, Ethiopia from February 21 to March 20/2018. The zone has 13 woredas and 2 town administrations; Wolkite town is its capital, and found 425 kms and 153 kms from Hawassa (the capital of SNNPR) and Addis Ababa (capital city of Ethiopia) respectively. Community based cross sectional study design using quantitative methods was employed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 447,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.2. Populations",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 458,
"width": 444,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "All households with school children (6-12 years) in Guraghe zone, in 2017/18 academic year were the source populations. All randomly selected households with school aged children from randomly selected Kebeles in Guraghe zone were the study populations. All randomly selected school age children from selected households were eligible for the study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 514,
"width": 138,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.3. Sample size determination",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 445,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The size was calculated using single population proportion formula with 95% CI, critical value (Z) as 1.96, 5% marginal error (d) and taking prevalence of goiter among children aged 6-12 (P) from study done in Ethiopia [22] as 56%. Hence, the sample size (n) became 377; since the sampling technique is multistage, we used design effect of 2. Accordingly,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 317,
"top": 559,
"width": 210,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ". Adding 5% non-response rate, the final sample size",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 590,
"width": 175,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.4. Sampling technique and procedure",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 601,
"width": 444,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Out of the total woredas in the zone, 5 woredas were randomly selected using simple random sampling (SRS) technique. Then from each woreda, two kebeles were randomly selected using SRS (one from urban and one from rural, as salt iodization varies). The sample size was proportionally allocated to each woreda and kebele according to the expected number of children. After identifying the geographic proximate center of the kebeles, spinning the pen technique was applied to select the households. Then all households in the direction of a pen were checked for eligible children and the interview was held accordingly. When the required sample size was not reached, another spinning was done and eligible children were interviewed until the respective sample size gotten.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 703,
"width": 190,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.5. Data collection tool and data collectors",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 714,
"width": 444,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The questionnaire was adapted from different peer reviewed literatures and efforts were made to incorporate all the important variables. Furthermore, the tool was translated to the local language. The trained nurses did the interview using a pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. In addition, they did the clinical examination to check whether or not children develop goiter (the outcome variable). Assessment of wealth index was made using ownership of different assets.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 57,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 59,
"width": 108,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2252-8806",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 776,
"width": 241,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Int. J. Public Health Sci, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2020: 90 – 96",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "92",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 83,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.6. Variables of the study",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 94,
"width": 442,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Goiter is the outcome variable. The independent variables include socio-demographic characteristics, wealth index, dietary diversity, iodized salt utilization, intake of goiterogens, and others. Total Goiter prevalence is the sum of children who have Grade 1 and Grade 2 goiter by physical examination. Grade 0 indicates no palpable goiter or visible goiter. Grade 1 indicates palpable but not visible goiter when neck is in normal position. Grade 2 indicates a clearly visible goiter on inspection [23].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 161,
"width": 109,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.7. Data quality control",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 172,
"width": 445,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "To assure data quality, training of the data collectors was done before the data collection. Close supervision was made by the investigators and assigned supervisors (Public health officers). Pretest was done in 5% of the sample. After the pretest, necessary amendments were made in the tool. The daily collected data were checked for its consistency and completeness.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 227,
"width": 146,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.8. Data processing and analysis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 239,
"width": 445,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The data were entered twice in to Epi-data version 3.01 software, and comparison was made against the hard copy and corrected accordingly. The entered data were exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was shown using frequency, percentage, and others. TGP was calculated based on the alternative occurrence of Grade 1 and 2 on physical examination finding. Goiter prevalence was modeled using statistics under binary outcome using binary logistic regression analysis. Thus, both bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regressions were performed. COR and AOR with 95% CI was calculated. Then a statistical association with p-value <0.05 was declared as statistically significant. The Hosmer and Lemeshow’s test was calculated to assess the model fitness, a P-value >0.05 as fit regression model.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 340,
"width": 120,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.9. Ethical considerations",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 351,
"width": 445,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ethical clearance was taken from ethical review board of Wolkite University and letter of approval was taken from the zonal health office and accordingly, from the woredas. Before the interview, informed written consent was taken from the parents of children and verbal assent was taken from children. For all the gathered information, confidentiality was kept. The nature of the study design might lead to temporal bias between the possible exposures effect on the occurrence of goiter.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 432,
"width": 159,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 444,
"width": 281,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.1. Socio-demographic and economic characteristics of children",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 455,
"width": 445,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A total of 762 school age children were participated making the response rate, 96.2%. About 447 (58.7%) of study participants were males. The vast majority, 645(84.6%) of study subjects’ care givers were fathers. More than two fifth (43.3%) of the study subjects' households were farmers. More than quarters (196) of the study subjects' caregivers were illiterate. The mean age of school age children was 8.1 years as shown in Table 1. Nearly one fifth (19.9%) of the study subjects were found to be among the poorest (as indicated by the wealth index quantiles of households) and about 176 (23.1%) were found to be among the wealthiest group.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 558,
"width": 308,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1. Socio demographic characteristics of children and their care givers",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 570,
"width": 298,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variables Category Frequency Percentage Sex of child Male 447 58.7 Female 315 41.3 Total 762 100 Care giver Father 645 84.6 Care givers 110 14.4 Others 7 0.9 Total 762 100 Occupation of household head Farmers 330 43.3 Merchant 195 25.6 Governmental 150 19.7 Daily workers 61 8.0 Others 26 3.4 Total 762 100 Educational status of mother or care giver Illiterate 196 25.7 Read and write 181 23.8 Elementary school 240 31.5 High school 64 8.4 Higher institution 81 10.6 Total 762 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Int. J. Public Health Sci",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 59,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2252-8806",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 482,
"top": 57,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 776,
"width": 407,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Determinants of iodine deficiency among school age children in Guraghe Zone …(Berhanu Abebaw)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 59,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "93",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 84,
"width": 302,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.2. Prevalence of Goiter and Its predictors among school age children",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 95,
"width": 445,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In this study, the total goiter prevalence was 8.7% which indicates a mild iodine deficiency disorder [24]. Eight percent, CI (6.2% -10.1%) and 0.7%, CI (0.1% -1.3%) of the study subjects were having Grade 1 and Grade 2 goiter respectively. To know the association of predictor variables with goiter status, both bivariate and multivariable analysis were done. In the bivariate analysis, seven variables: age of the child, type of salt used, turnip intake, cabbage intake, soya bean intake, DDS level, and intake of milk and milk products showed an association with goiter at p-value <0.2 and they were a candidate for multivariable logistic regression analysis as shown in Table 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 175,
"width": 445,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Among the variables entered to multivariable logistic regression, age of the child, type of salt used, and cabbage intake were significantly associated with goiter. The comparison of school age children, (those who had goiter and those who had not); School age children who utilized non iodized salt were 3.12 times more likely to develop goiter than those who utilized iodized salt ( . School age children who consumed cabbage more than two times were 1.94 times more likely to develop goiter than those who never consumed or consumed 1-2 times per week",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 233,
"width": 444,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ". School age children who got elder were 1.22 times more likely to develop goiter, compared to their counterparts (",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 240,
"top": 257,
"width": 89,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ") as shown in Table 3.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 286,
"width": 428,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2. Cross tabulation and binary logistic regression that shows the association of variables with goiter",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 298,
"width": 292,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variables Category Goiter status COR (95% CI) P-value Yes No",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 317,
"width": 316,
"height": 257,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Child sex Male 34 413 1 Female 32 283 1.37 (0.83, 2.28) 0.219 Age Per each unit increase in age 1.19 (0.96, 1.48) 0.119 Wealth Index Lowest 2 150 0.15 (0.03, 0.69) 0.014 Second 18 135 1.54 (0.74, 3.22) 0.247 Middle 21 126 1.93 (0.94, 3.94) 0.072 Fourth 11 123 1.04 (0.45, 2.36) 0.935 Wealthiest 14 162 1 Type of salt used Iodized salt 20 445 1 Non iodized salt 46 251 4.10 (2.36, 7.10) 0.000 Child receive any iodine Yes 16 199 1 No 50 497 1.25 (0.70, 2.25) 0.454 Turnip intake >2 times week 23 113 2.76 (1.60, 4.76) 0.000 ≤2 times per week 43 583 1 Kale >2 times week 44 387 1.60 (0.94, 2.72) 0.885 ≤2 times per week 22 309 1 Cabbage >2 times week 21 117 2.31 (1.33, 4.02) 0.003 ≤2 times per week 45 579 1 Soya bean >2 times week 5 25 2.20 (0.81, 5.95) 0.121 ≤2 times per week 61 671 1 DDS level Inadequate DD 53 391 3.18 (1.70, 5.94) 0.001 Adequate DD 13 305 1 Maternal Iodine knowledge Poor knowledge 33 322 1.16 (0.70, 1.93) 0.561 Good knowledge 33 374 1 Sea foods Yes (≥1times/week) 3 41 1 No (never in a week) 63 655 1.32 (0.40, 4.37) 0.655 Milk and milk products Adequate intake 12 236 1 Inadequate intake 54 460 2.31(1.21, 4.40) 0.011",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 576,
"width": 192,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "CI=Confidence Interval, COR=Crude Odd Ratio",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 605,
"width": 339,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 3. Multivariable logistic regression that shows significant predictors of goiter",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 616,
"width": 350,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variables Category Goiter status AOR 95% CI P-value Yes No Age Per each unit increase in age 1.22 (1.10, 1.41) 0.008* Type of salt used Iodized salt 20 445 1 Non iodized salt 46 251 3.12 (1.73, 5.63) 0.001* Turnip intake >2 times a week 23 113 1.85 (1.03, 3.31) 0.039 ≤2 times per week 43 583 1 Cabbage >2 times week 21 117 1.94 (1.10, 3.52) 0.028* ≤2 times per week 45 579 1 Soya bean >2 times a week 5 25 2.76 (0.95, 8.10) 0.063 ≤2 times per week 61 671 1 DDS level Inadequate DD 53 391 1.92 (0.98, 3.79) 0.058 Adequate DD 13 305 1 Milk and milk products Adequate intake (>3 times/week) 12 236 1 Inadequate intake (≤3 times/week) 54 460 1.34 (0.67, 2.71) 0.405",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 756,
"width": 309,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AOR=Adjusted Odd Ratio CI=Confidence Interval *= significant at P-value <0.05",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 57,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 59,
"width": 108,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2252-8806",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 776,
"width": 241,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Int. J. Public Health Sci, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2020: 90 – 96",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "94",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 83,
"width": 69,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.3. Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 94,
"width": 445,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Globally, iodine deficiency (ID) is the most common avertable cause of brain impairment. On the other hand, iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is among the easiest and cheapest of all nutrient disorders to prevent. To prevent IDD, utilization of iodized salt in a daily basis is found to be effective. The elimination of IDD is a serious issue that should be given the highest priority by the concerned bodies. This study revealed that the total goiter prevalence of 8.7%. According to ICCIDD a total goiter rate of 5% in children (6-12 years) is an indicative of a public health risk of adverse functional consequences and need to be addressed [24]. The total goiter prevalence in the study area is lower than the previous studies done in the region (SNNPR) 35.2% [25] and 50.6% [26], this difference may be due to variations in soil composition; dissimilarities in the intake of goiterogens that may affect thyroid function, the time gap between the studies and increased awareness about the importance of iodized salt consumption. In addition the studies done in SNNPR [25, 26] were in areas where drinking water has substantial bacterial contamination, which may exacerbate the possibility of goiter [27]. The study was also lower than the studies done in other regions of the country; 62.1% [28] in Amhara region which is highland area with poor nutrient and eroded soils [29]; 37.2% [30] in Oromia region, and 23.2% [31] in Addis Ababa. Similarly, a systematic review in Ethiopia (on progress in eliminating iodine deficiency) and a large survey (among school children in Ethiopia) revealed child goiter prevalence of 35% [32] and iodine deficiency of 48% [33] respectively. Even though the prevalence is lower than other studies, still appropriate interventions are required to alleviate the public health risks of adverse functional consequences as indicated by ICCIDD.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 301,
"width": 447,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Consumption of non iodized salt had significant association with the development of goiter. Children who utilized non iodized salt were 3.12 times more likely to develop goiter than those children who utilized iodized salt. This finding is consistent with many other studies done previously. As it is known, universal salt iodization is the best way to prevent goiter and other IDDs. Being aware of the problem, the government of Ethiopia had planned to eradicate ID and to achieve the utilization of adequately iodized salt to 90 % by the year 2015, though significant improvements have not been attained [15]. Therefore, much more effort is needed to work extensively by focusing on the importance of universal salt iodization (through creating awareness about the deleterious effects of using non iodized salt and others).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 393,
"width": 445,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Frequent consumption of cabbage had significant association with goiter development. School age children who consumed cabbage more than two times were 1.94 times more likely to develop goiter compared to those children who consumed ≤2 times per week. The finding was consistent with other previous studies done in the country [25, 26, 34]. Frequent consumption of goiterogens like cabbage can negatively affect iodine absorption. This finding is much more plausible since consumption of goiterogenic foods such as cabbage and cassava increase concentrations of thiocyanate, which might interfere with iodine transport [35]. In recent studies the morphological changes after prolonged consumption of goiterogenic foods were characterized by replacement of colloid containing follicles that indicate hypertrophy and hyperplasia. These alterations were also accompanied by inhibition of thyroid peroxidase and 5′ monodeiodinase with a fall in serum T3 and T4 levels. These anatomical and physiological changes may lead to biochemical hypothyroidism [36-37]. More robust studies should be done and appropriate strategies should be designed to decrease the effects of goiterogens like cabbage (on how to create awareness about goiterogenic foods in the community).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 554,
"width": 94,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 565,
"width": 445,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the prevalence of goiter, there is mild IDD in the study area. Non iodized salt utilization; frequent cabbage consumption and increased age of children were found to be predictors of goiter. Thus, interventions should focus on universal salt iodization (increasing the community awareness on the importance and proper use), besides familiarizing goiterogens to the community at large.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 635,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 646,
"width": 445,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Our heartfelt thank goes to Wolkite University, for funding the study. We are also grateful for the study subjects for their willingness to participate in the study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 681,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abbreviations",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 692,
"width": 317,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; COR: Crude Odds Ratio ICCIDD: International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders ID: Iodine Deficiency; IDD: Iodine Deficiency Disorder SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Sciences SNNPR: Southern Nations Nationalities Peoples Representatives TGP: Total Goiter Prevalence; USI: Universal Salt Iodization.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Int. J. Public Health Sci",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 59,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2252-8806",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 482,
"top": 57,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 776,
"width": 407,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Determinants of iodine deficiency among school age children in Guraghe Zone …(Berhanu Abebaw)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 59,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "95",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 84,
"width": 67,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 94,
"width": 442,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1] Zimmermann M. B., “The Effects of Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy and Infancy,” Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology , vol. 26, no. Suppl 1, pp. 108-117, 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 117,
"width": 444,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[2] World Health Organization, “Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring Their Elimination,” A Guide For Programme Managers , pp. 1-108, 2007.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 142,
"width": 442,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[3] De Benoist B., Andersson M., Egli I., Takkouche B., and Allen H., “Iodine Status Worldwide,” WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency Geneva , World Health Organization, pp. 1-58, 2004.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 166,
"width": 444,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[4] Chakraborty I., Mazumdar P., Chakraborty P. S., Chattopadhyay G., and Bhowmick K., “Iodine Deficiency Disorder among Pregnant Women in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata, India,” The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health , vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 989-995, 2010.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 202,
"width": 444,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[5] Chandra A., Singh L., Debnath A., Tripathy S., and Khanam J., “Dietary Supplies of Iodine & Thiocyanate in the Aetiology of Endemic Goitre in Imphal East District of Manipur, North East India,” The Indian Journal of Medical Research , vol. 128, no. 5, pp. 601-605, 2008.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 238,
"width": 431,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[6] Zimmermann M., “Key Barriers to Global Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control: A Summary,” ETH Zurich , pp. 1-10, 2007.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 249,
"width": 444,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[7] Mezgebu Y., Mossie A., Rajesh P., and Beyene G., “Prevalence and Serverity of Iodine Deficiency Disorder among Children 6-12 Years of Age In Shebe Senbo District, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia,” Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences , vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 196-204, 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 285,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[8] Gorstein J., “Goiter Assessment: Help or Hindrance In Tracking Progress In Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program?,” Thyretain, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1201-1202, 2001.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 309,
"width": 444,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[9] Dugassa B. F., and Negassa A., “Understanding the Ecology of Iodine Deficiency and Its Public Health Implications: The Case of Oromia Region in Ethiopia,” Journal of Community Nutrition and Health , vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 333,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[10] Hashemipour M., Soheilipour F., Keshteli A. H., Siavash M., Amini M., and Kelishadi R., “Association Between Serum Ferritin and Goitre in Iranian School Children,” Journal of health, population, and nutrition , vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 137-142, 2010.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 355,
"width": 441,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[11] World Health Organization, “Urinary Iodine Concentrations for Determining Iodine Status in Populations,” English, WHO, pp. 1-5, 2013.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 380,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[12] Li S., Fan Y., Chen H., Li X., Wang J., Gu Y., et al., “Is the Current Iodine Content in Edible Salt Appropriate for Eliminating Iodine Deficiency in China,” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 231-235, 2010.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 404,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[13] De Benoist B., McLean E., Andersson M., and Rogers L., “Iodine Deficiency in 2007: Global Progress Since 2003,” Food and nutrition bulletin , vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 195-202, 2008.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 428,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[14] World health Organization, and United Nations Children's Fund, “International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Their Control Through Salt Iodization,” WHO NUT/94., pp.1-55, 1994.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 452,
"width": 444,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[15] Andersson M., Karumbunathan V., and Zimmermann M. B., “Global Iodine Status in 2011 and Trends Over the Past Decade,” The Journal of Nutrition , vol. 142, no. 4, pp. 744-750, 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 476,
"width": 444,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[16] Cherinet A., and Kelbessa U., “Determinants of Iodine Deficiency in School Children in Different Regions of Ethiopia,” East African Medical Journal , vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 133-137, 2000.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 499,
"width": 444,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[17] Yinebeb M., Andualem M., and Getenet B., “Prevalence and Severity of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Among Children 6-12 Years Of Age In Shebe Senbo District, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia,” Ethiopian Journal of Health Science , vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 196-204, 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 535,
"width": 441,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[18] Shawel D., Hagos S., Lachat C. K., Kimanya M. E., and Kolsteren P., “Post-Production Losses in Iodine Concentration of Salt Hamper the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders: A Case Study In Northern Ethiopia,” Journal of health, population, and nutrition , vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 238-244, 2010.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 571,
"width": 441,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[19] Bogale A., Abebe Y., Stoecker B. J., Abuye C., Ketema K., and Hambidge K. M., “Iodine Status and Cognitive Function of Women and Their Five Year-Old Children In Rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia,” East African Journal of Public Health , vol. 6, no. 3, 296-299, 2009.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 606,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[20] Kidane T., and Woldegebriel A., “Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorder in A Highland District in Tigray,” Ethiopian Journal of Health Development , vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 58-59, 2006.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 630,
"width": 441,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[21] Zimmermann M. B., Connolly K., Bozo M., Bridson J., Rohner F., and Grimci L., “Iodine Supplementation Improves Cognition in Iodine-Deficient Schoolchildren in Albania: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Study,” The American journal of clinical nutrition , vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 108-114, 2006.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 666,
"width": 444,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[22] Abuye C., Berhane Y., Akalu G., Getahun Z., and Ersumo T., “Prevalence of Goiter In Children 6 To 12 Years of Age in Ethiopia,” Food and nutrition bulletin , vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 391-398, 2007.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 688,
"width": 441,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[23] World Health Organization, “Indicators for Assessing Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Their Control Programmes,” report of a Joint WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD consultation ,” 1993.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 712,
"width": 444,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[24] WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD, “Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring Their Elimination,” A Guide for Programme Managers , Third edition, Geneva., pp. 1-19, 2007.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 737,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[25] Hibstu D. T., and Tesfaye D. J., “Epidemiology of goiter and its predictors among school age children in Leku town, Southern Ethiopia,” Cureent Pediatric Research, vol. 21, pp. 4, pp. 620-626, 2017.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 57,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 59,
"width": 108,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2252-8806",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 776,
"width": 241,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Int. J. Public Health Sci, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2020: 90 – 96",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "96",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 82,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[26] Wolka E., Shiferaw S., and Biadgilign S., “Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for Goiter among Primary School children in Southern Ethiopia,” Food and Nutrition Bulletin , vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 20-27, 2014.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 106,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[27] Gaitan E., Medina P., Derouen T. A., and May S. Z., “Goiter Prevalence and Bacterial Contamination of Water Supplies,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 957-961, 1980.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 130,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[28] Tigabu E., Bekele K. B., and Dachew B. A., “Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors among School Children in Northeast Ethiopia,” Epidemiol Health , vol. 39, 2017.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 441,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[29] Desta L., “Land Degradation and Strategies for Sustainable Development in the Ethiopian Highlands: Amhara Region,” Publisher ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD , vol. 32, 2000.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 177,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[30] Sime H. K., and Tadesse A. W., “Prevalence of Goiter among School-Age Children in Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia,” European Journal of Nutrition and Food Safety, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 867, 2015.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 201,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[31] Emiru S., “Iodine Deficiency in School Aged Children 7-12 Years and Associated Factors in Akaki-Kality Subcity of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,” Tesis-AAU Institutional Repository , 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 225,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[32] Gebretsadikan T. M., and Troen A. M., “Progress And Challenges In Eliminating Iodine Deficiency In Ethiopia: A Systematic Review,” BMC Nutrition , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 247,
"width": 436,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[33] “Ethiopian National Micro Nutrient Survey,” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 261,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[34] Abebe Z., Gebeye E., and Tariku A., “Poor Dietary Diversity, Wealth Status and Use of Un-Iodized Salt Are Associated With Goiter among School Children: A Cross Sectional Study in Ethiopia,” BMC Public Health , vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 44-55, 2017.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 285,
"width": 443,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[35] Chandra A. K., Mukhopadhyay S., Lahari D., and Tripathy S., “Goitrogenic Content of Indian Cyanogenic Plant Food & Their in Vitro Anti-Thyroidal Activity,” The Indian Journal of Medical Research , vol. 119, no. 5, pp. 180-185, 2004.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 308,
"width": 419,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[36] Amar K. C., “Iodine, Thiocyanate and the Thyroid,” Biochemistry and Pharmacology , vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 171-177, 2015.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 320,
"width": 444,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[37] Brauer V., Below H., Kramer A., Fuhrer D., and Paschke R., “The Role of Thiocyanate in the Etiology of Goiter in an Industrial Metropolitan Area,” European Journal of Endocrinology , vol. 154, no. 2, pp. 229-235, 2006.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
7d756fe8-42a0-6a3b-a473-ef8e676ff71f | https://ojs.nitromks.ac.id/index.php/JMPKN/article/download/145/121 | [
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 341,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "94 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 114,
"width": 354,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Dengan Menggunakan Metode",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 130,
"width": 374,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Economic Value Added (EVA) pada Bank BTPN,Tbk Periode 2016-2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 166,
"width": 103,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Erniyati Caronge 1*",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 183,
"top": 186,
"width": 237,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 STIMI YAPMI MAKASSAR, Makassar, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 206,
"width": 229,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "*email korespondensi: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 225,
"width": 38,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 244,
"width": 392,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan Bank BTPN,Tbk Di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang diteliti berdasarkan analisis Economic Value Added (EVA) untuk tahun 2016 sampai dengan tahun 2020. Jenis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian yang juga merupakan sampel penelitian yaitu laporan keuangan lima tahun terakhir (2016-2020). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis EVA yang terdiri dari analisis NOPAT Invested Capital dan WACC. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yaitu data laporan keuangan berupa laporan posisi keuangan dari laba rugi Bank BTPN,Tbk Di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2020 yang diperoleh dari Pusat Informasi Pasar Modal (PIPM) Cabang Makassar dan pada situs internet ( www.idx.co.id ). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa nilai Economic Value Added (EVA) pada Bank BTPN, Tbk di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Pada tahun 2016 sampai dengan tahun 2020 menunjukkan EVA > 0 artinya perusahaan dapat memberikan nilai tambah ekonomis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 421,
"width": 303,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : Economic Value Added (EVA), dan Kinerja Keuangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 453,
"width": 38,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 472,
"width": 392,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study aims to determine the financial performance of Bank BTPN, Tbk on the Indonesia Stock Exchange which was studied based on Economic Value Added (EVA) analysis for 2016 to 2020. The type used in this research is quantitative. The research population is also the research sample, namely the financial reports for the last five years (2016-2020). Data analysis was performed using EVA analysis which consisted of NOPAT Invested Capital and WACC analysis. The data used in this study is secondary data, namely financial report data in the form of a statement of financial position from the profit and loss of Bank BTPN, Tbk on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2020 obtained from the Capital Market Information Center (PIPM) Makassar Branch and on the internet site (www. .idx.co.id). The results of this study indicate that the value of Economic Value Added (EVA) at Bank BTPN, Tbk on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. From 2016 to 2020, EVA > 0 means that the company can provide economic added value.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 642,
"width": 317,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Economic Value Added (EVA), and Financial Performance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 661,
"width": 305,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Article History: Received 13-06-2023; Accepted 17-07-2023; Available Online 21-07-2023 DOI : https://doi.org/10.56858/jmpkn.v6i2.145",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 198,
"top": 58,
"width": 248,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 71,
"width": 341,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP2M) IBK Nitro e-ISSN 2620-7524, -ISSN 2620-780X",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 341,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "95 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 82,
"width": 94,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 106,
"width": 418,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masalah keuangan merupakan salah satu masalah yang sangat vital bagi perusahaan dalam perkembangan bisnis disemua perusahaan. Salah satu tujuan utama didirikannya sebuah perusahaan adalah untuk memperoleh keuntungan yang maksimal. Namun berhasil tidaknya perusahaan dalam mencari keuntungan dan mempertahankanperusahaannya tergantung pada manajemen keuangan yang dimilikinya. Perusahaan harus memiliki kinerja keuangan yang sehat dan efisien untuk mendapatkan keuntungan atau laba (Lihawa dkk, 2018) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 213,
"width": 410,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemampuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan keuntungan adalah kunci keberhasilan perusahaan untuk dapat dikatakan mempunyai kinerja perusahaan yang baik, karena keuntungan merupakan komponen laporan keuangan yang digunakan sebagai alat untuk menilai baik tidaknya kinerja perusahaan. Hal ini akan mempengaruhi kelangsungan perusahaan untuk maju dan kerjasama antara perusahaan yang satu dengan perusahaan yang lain. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menunjukkan bagaimana kinerja perusahaan itu baik atau tidak yaitu dengan analisis laporan keuangan. Dengan begitu pada perusahaan itu sendiri pun diperlukan laporan keuangan yang sesuai dan tidak menyimpang yang dapat mengalami kerugian perusahaan tersebut. Sehingga kinerja suatu perusahaan haruslah sesuai dengan kriteria-kriteria yang sudah ditentukan ataupun diterapkan oleh perusahaan tersebut. Dengan kinerja perusahaan yang baik dapat membantu manajemen dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 387,
"width": 410,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengukuran kinerja memerlukan informasi yang relevan dan penentuan alat ukur kinerja perusahaan yang tepat. Namun, untuk mendapatkan informasi yang relevan tentu saja diperlukan analisis yang lebih jauh terhadap laporan keuangan tersebut. Analisis yang paling umum digunakan saat ini adalah analisis rasio keuangan. (Ross et al, 2009) menyatakan penggunaan rasio akan menghilangkan masalah ukuran karena ukuran akan secara efektif terbagi sehingga pada akhirnya hasil yang didapat adalah persentase, kelipatan, atau periode waktu. Namun, menurut (Subramanyam & Wild, 2014), efektivitas rasio dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan ukuran akuntansi. Sehingga diperlukan analisis akuntansi untuk meyakinkan apakah angka yang menjadi dasar perhitungan rasio sudah tepat karena kegunaan rasio bergantung pada keandalan angkanya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 533,
"width": 410,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, maka dikembangkanlah metode pengukuran kinerja keuangan berbasis nilai, salah satunya ialah Economic Value Added (EVA) dan Market Value Added atau MVA. MVA merupakan selisih nilai pasar perusahaan dengan modal yang diinvestasikan. Jika EVA difokuskan pada efektivitas manajerial selama satu tahun tertentu, maka MVA difokuskan pada pengaruh tindakan manajerial sejak pendirian perusahaan (Moeljadi, 2006). Jika pengukuran kinerja menggunakan EVA berfokus pada periode jangka pendek, maka pengukuran kinerja menggunakan MVA berfokus pada periode jangka panjang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 649,
"width": 410,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bank BTPN adalah salah satu bank yang bergerak dalam bidang usaha jasa. Dalam hal ini, memiliki tugas dan tanggungjawab untuk memuaskan para pelanggan dam investasi/deposit. Untuk itulah perusahaan harus menunjukkan kinerja yang bagus, sehingga dapat menghasilkan laba yang terus meningkat. Hal yang cukup penting dalam menganalisis dan menilai perkembangan kinerja keuangan dan potensi atau kemajuan dari keadaan neraca dan laporan laba rugi perusahaan setiap periode dengan menggunakan metode Economic Value Added agar dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan perusahaan untuk berkembang,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 341,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "96 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 81,
"width": 410,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "membayar deviden, dan menghindari kebangkrutan. Disamping sebagai alat untuk menilai kinerja keuangan Economic Value Added juga merupakan instrumen untuk mengubah perilaku manajerial agar tercapai peningkatan nilai perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 125,
"width": 411,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menggunakan perhitungan Ekonomic Value Added (EVA) juga diharapkan dapat memperoleh hasil perhitungan nilai perusahaan yang lebih realistis lagi. Economic Value Added (EVA) juga sangat bermanfaat untuk digunakan sebagai penilai kinerja perusahaan yang lebih focus untuk memperhatikan kebijaksanaan struktur modalnya karena Economic Value Added (EVA) memperhitungkan biaya modal untuk mengidentifikasi kegiatan atau proyek yang memberikan pengembalian lebih tinggi daripada biaya modalnya sendiri. Analisis EVA yang digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja keuangan perusahaan mempunyai dampak yang baik bagi perusahaan yaitu menyebabkan perusahaan menjadi lebih memperhatikan kebijakan struktur modal, selain itu investor dapat mengetahui laba perusahaan dan kemampuan perusahaan tersebut memberdayakan modalnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 270,
"width": 410,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bank BTPN adalah salah satu bank yang bergerak dalam bidang usaha jasa. Dalam hal ini, memiliki tugas dan tanggungjawab untuk memuaskan para pelanggan dam investasi/deposit. Untuk itulah perusahaan harus menunjukkan kinerja yang bagus, sehingga dapat menghasilkan laba yang terus meningkat. Hal yang cukup penting dalam menganalisis dan menilai perkembangan kinerja keuangan dan potensi atau kemajuan dari keadaan neraca dan laporan laba rugi perusahaan setiap periode dengan menggunakan metode Economic Value Added agar dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan perusahaan untuk berkembang, membayar deviden, dan menghindari kebangkrutan. Disamping sebagai alat untuk menilai kinerja keuangan Economic Value Added juga merupakan instrumen untuk mengubah perilaku manajerial agar tercapai peningkatan nilai perusahaan dengan cara meningkatkan perputaran aktiva jika memungkinkan daripada menggantinya, menginstruksikan perjanjian yang membutuhkan lebih sedikit modal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 445,
"width": 410,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, maka dapat digunakan pengukuran kinerja berdasarkan nilai atau value (Sahabuddin, 2016; Fisu dkk, 2020). Pengukuran tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar bagi pihak manajemen dalam menegembangkan dan menyempurnakan sistem pengelolaan sesuai dengan tujuan pendirian Bank BTPN,Tbk ini. Pengukuran kinerja dengan metode Economic Value Added (EVA) menjadi relevan untuk mengukur kinerja yang berdasarkan nilai ( value ). Karena EVA adalah ukuran nilai tambah ekonomis yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan sebagai akibat dari aktivitas atau strategi manajemen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 546,
"width": 410,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam hubungannya dengan uraian tersebut diatas, maka dapat disajikan laporan keuangan mengenai perkembangan total aktiva ( Total Assets ) dan laba bersih yang tercermin dalam laporan keuangan Bank BTPN, Tbk yaitu laporan neraca dan laporan perhitungan laba bersih dari tahun 2016 sampai dengan tahun 2020 seperti yang terdapat pada tabel berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 605,
"width": 368,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Laporan neraca dan laporan perhitungan laba bersih dari tahun 2016-2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 620,
"width": 358,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahun Total Asset Perubahan % Laba Operasi Bersih Perubahan % 2016 84.744.338 2.609.716 2017 87.038.531 4,5 1.978.426 -24,2 2018 90.551.493 6,7 2.947.756 55,6 2019 167.492.734 24,2 4.032.519 70,2 2020 168.178.044 1,7 2.630.514 32,3",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 730,
"width": 410,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 1 menunjukkan bahwa laba bersih ( Net Profit ) Bank BTPN,Tbk dari tahun 2016-2020 berfluktuasi. Pada tahun 2017 laba bersih perusahaan menurun sebesar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 341,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "97 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 81,
"width": 410,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "-24,2 %. Pada tahun 2018 dan tahun 2019 laba bersih perusahaan mengalami penurunan dibandingkan periode Tahun 2020 laba bersih menurun sebesar 32,3 % karena realisasi jumlah asset perusahaan terjadi peningkatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 125,
"width": 410,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Laba bersih Bank BTPN,Tbk terlihat baik namun belum tentu dapat menghasilkan kinerja keuangan yang optimal bagi Bank BTPN,Tbk Kinerja keuangan jika di ukur dengan konsep EVA unsur biaya modalnya di masukkan sebagai salah satu unsur perhitungan kinerja perusahaan dan hal tersebut menunjukkan pertimbangan dalam tingkat risiko perusahaan dan membantu pihak manajer untuk membuat keputusan investasi yang lebih baik. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu yang membahas mengenai EVA yang dilakukan oleh beberapa penelitian di antaranya, Juliana (2011) bahwa hasil perhitungan menggunakan EVA pada PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya periode tahun 2009-2013 bahwa kinerja keuangan dalam kondisi yang baik. Karena EVA berbnilai positif setiap tahunnya. Hal ini mengindikasikan perusahaan mampu memenuhi harapan pemegang saham dan investor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 270,
"width": 411,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penulis mengatakan judul Analisis Kinerja Keuangan dengan Menggunakan metode Economic Value Added (EVA) pada Bank BTPN, Tbk Di Bursa Efek Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 315,
"width": 125,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Tinjauan Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 338,
"width": 160,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Pengertian Laporan Keuangan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 359,
"width": 410,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Munawir, 2010) laporan keuangan adalah laporan yang terdiri dari neraca perhitungan laba-rugi serta laporan perubahan ekuitas. Neraca",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 388,
"width": 410,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menunjukkan/menggambarkan jumlah aset, kewajiban dan ekuitas dari suatu perusahaan pada tanggal tertentu. Sedangakan perhitungan (laporan) laba-rugi memperlihatkan hasil- hasil yang telah tercapai oleh perusahaan serta beban yang terjadi selama periode tertentu, dan laporan perubahan ekuitas menunjukkan sumber dan penggunaan atau alasan-alasan yang menyebabkan perubahan ekuitas perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 461,
"width": 410,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Fahmi, 2011) laporan keuangan merupakan suatu informasi yang menggambarkan kondisi suatu perusahaan, dimana selanjutnya itu akan menjadi suatu informasi yang menggambarkan tentang kinerja suatu perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 504,
"width": 410,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Laporan keuangan perusahaan umumnya terdiri dari laporan laba rugi, laporan posisi keuangan, laporan perubahan ekuitas, laporan arus kas, dan catatan atas laporan keuangan. Laporan keuangan pada dasarnya adalah hasil dari proses akuntansi yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk berkomunikasi antara data keuangan atau aktivitas suatu perusahaan dengan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan dengan data atau aktivitas perusahaan tersebut. (Munawir, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 592,
"width": 410,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Kasmir, 2012) laporan keuangan adalah laporan yang menunjukkan kondisi keuangan perusahaan pada saat ini atau dalam suatu periode tertentu. Dalam praktiknya laporan keuangan oleh perusahaan tidak dibuat secara serampangan, tetapi harus dibuat dan disusun sesuai dengan aturan atau standar yang berlaku. Hal ini perlu dilakukan agar laporan keuangan mudah dibaca dan dimengerti. Laporan keuangan yang disajikan perusahaan sangat penting bagi manajemen dan pemilik perusahaan. Disamping itu, banyak pihak yang memerlukan dan berkepentingan terhadap laporan keuangan yang dibuat perusahaan, seperti pemerintah, kreditor, investor, maupun para supplier",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 708,
"width": 410,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Subramanyam, 2014), ”Laporan keuangan merupakan produk proses pelaporan keuangan yang diatur oleh standar dan aturan akuntansi, insentif manajer, serta mekanisme pelaksanaan dan pengawasan perusahaan.”Laporan keuangan pada perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 341,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "98 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 81,
"width": 410,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "merupakan hasil akhir dari kegiatan akuntansi (siklus akuntansi) yang mencerminkan kondisi keuangan dan hasil operasi perusahaan. Informasi tentang kondisi keuangan dan hasil operasi perusahaan sangat berguna bagi berbagai pihak, baik internal maupun eksternal. Oleh karena itu laporan keuangan dapat dipakai sebagai alat untuk berkomunikasi dengan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan dengan data keuangan perusahaan. (Kasmir, 2017) “Laporan keuangan adalah laporan yang menunjukkan kondisi keuangan perusahaan pada saat ini atau dalam suatu periode tertentu’.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 183,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B.Tujuan Laporan Keuangan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 197,
"width": 410,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia, tujuan laporan keuangan adalah menyediakan informasi yang menyangkut posisi keuangan, kinerja, serta perubahan posisi keuangan suatu perusahaan yang bermanfaat bagi sejumlah besar pemakai dalam pengambilan keputusan ekonomi. (Munawir, 2010) Laporan keuangan dapat dinilai kemampuan perusahaan untuk memenuhi kewajiban-kewajibannya jangka pendek, struktur modal perusahaan, distribusi dari dari aktivanya, keefektifan penggunaan aktiva, hasil usaha/pendapatan yang telah dicapai, beban-beban tetap yang harus dibayar, serta nilai-nilai buku tiap lembar saham perusahaan yang bersangkutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 314,
"width": 410,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Fahmi, 2011), tujuan utama dari laporan keuangan merupakan memberikan informasi keuangan yang mencakup perubahan dari unsur-unsur laporan keuangan yang ditujukan kepada pihak-pihak lain yang berkepentingan dalam menilai kinerja keuangan terhadap perusahaan di samping pihak manajemen perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 372,
"width": 410,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Harahap, 2013) Tujuan laporan keuangan adalah menyediakan informasi yang menyangkut posisi keuangan, kinerja serta perubahan posisi keuangan suatu perusahaan yang bermanfaat bagi sejumlah besar pemakai dalam pengambilan keputusan ekonomi. Secara umum laporan keuangan bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi keuangan suatu perusahaan, baik pada saat tertentu maupun pada periode tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 459,
"width": 169,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. Jenis – Jenis Laporan Keuangan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 474,
"width": 410,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Prastowo, 2011) menyatakan bahwa pada umumnya laporan keuangan yang lengkap biasanya akan meliputi neraca, laporan laba rugi, laporan perubahan posisi keuangan, catatan dan laporan lain serta materi penjelasan yang merupakan bagian integral dari laporan keuangan, termasuk juga skedul dan informasi tambah yang berkaitan dengan laporan keuangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 546,
"width": 410,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Kasmir, 2017), dalam praktiknya secara umum ada lima macam jenis laporan keuangan yang biasa disusun, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 572,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Neraca",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 584,
"width": 395,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Neraca ( balance sheet ) merupakan laporan yang menunjukkan posisi keuangan perusahaan pada tanggal tertentu. Artinya dari posisi keuangan dimaksudkan adalah posisi jumlah dan jenis aktiva (harta) dan pasiva (kewajiban dan ekuitas suatu perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 622,
"width": 106,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Laporan Laba Rugi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 635,
"width": 393,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Laporan laba rugi merupakan laporan keuangan yang menggambarkan hasil usaha perusahaan dalam suatu periode tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 660,
"width": 138,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Laporan Perubahan Modal",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 673,
"width": 393,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Laporan perubahan modal merupakan laporan yang berisi jumlah dan jenis modal yang dimiliki pada saat ini. Kemudian, laporan ini juga menjelaskan perubahan modal dan sebab-sebab terjadinya perubahan modal di perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 711,
"width": 101,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Laporam Arus Kas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 723,
"width": 393,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Laporan arus kas merupakan laporan yang menunjukkan semua aspek yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan perusahaan, baik yang berpengaruh langsung atau tidak langsung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 341,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "99 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 81,
"width": 61,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terhadap kas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 93,
"width": 200,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e. Laporan Catatan atas Laporan Keuangan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 106,
"width": 393,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Laporan catatan atas laporan keuangan merupakan laporan yang memberikan informasi apabila ada laporan keuangan yang memerlukan penjelasan tertentu. Artinya terkadang ada komponen atau nilai dalam laporan keuangan yang perlu diberi penjelasan terlebih dulu sehingga jelas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 157,
"width": 148,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "D. Pengertian Rasio Keuangan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 169,
"width": 410,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Laporan keuangan suatu perusahaan lazimnya meliputi laporan laba rugi dan laporan sumber dan penggunaan dana. Laporan ini digunakan untuk berbagai macam tujuan. Setiap perusahaan yang berbeda membutuhkan informasi yang berbeda pula.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 207,
"width": 410,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Informasi yang didasarkan pada analisis keuangan mencakup penilaian keadaan keuangan perusahaan baik yang telah mampu saat sekarang dan ekspektasi masa depan. Tujuan dari analisis ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi setiap kelemahan dari keadaan keuangan yang dapat menimbulkan masalah dimasa depan, menentukan setiap kekuatan yang dapat digunakan. Disamping itu analisis yang dilakukan oleh pihak luar perusahaan dapat digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat kredibilitas atau potensi investasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 283,
"width": 410,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Fahmi, 2014) rasio keuangan adalah hasil yang diperoleh dari perbandingan jumlah, dari satu jumlah dengan jumlah lainnya. Sedangkan analisis rasio keuangan merupakan analisis dengan membandingkan suatu pos dengan pos laporan keuangan lainnya baik secara individu maupun bersama-sama guna mengetahui hubungan di antara pos tertentu, baik dalam laporan posisi keuangan maupun laporan laba rugi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 346,
"width": 410,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rasio keuangan dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi keuangan perusahaan dari kinerjanya. Dengan membandingkan rasio keuangan perusahaan dari tahun ke tahun dapat ditentukan apakah terdapat kenaikan atau penurunana kondisi dan kinerja perusahaan selama waktu tersebut. Selain itu, dengan membandingkan rasio keuangan terdapat perusahaan lainnya yang sejenis atau terhadap perusahaan lainnya yang sejenis atau terhadap rata-rata industri dapat membantu mengidentifikasi adanya penyimpanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 422,
"width": 410,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rasio keuangan yang digunakan memiliki beberapa tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Rasio keuangan juga memberikan banyak manfaat bagi kepentingan perusahaan maupun pihak luar perusahaan, untuk masa sekarang maupun di masa yang akan datang. Dalam melakukan apapun tujuan menjadi penting agar sesuatu yang dikerjakan dapat terarah jelas. Termasuk rasio keuangan yang menjadi tolak ukur keberhasilan perusahaan dalam mencapai tujuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 498,
"width": 103,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E. Kinerja Keuangan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 511,
"width": 410,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suatu perusahaan dapat dikatakan berhasil apabila telah mencapai standar dan tujuan yang telah diterapkan. Kinerja keuangan merupakan pengakuan pendapatan dan pengaitan biaya menghasilkan angka laba yang lebih unggul dibandingkan arus kas untuk mengevaluasi kinerja keuangan pengakuan pendapatan memastikan bahwa semua pendapatan yang dihasilkan dalam suatu periode telah diakui.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 574,
"width": 410,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Fahmi, 2012) menyatakan kinerja keuangan adalah suatu analisis yang dilakukan untuk melihat sejauh mana suatu perusahaan telah melaksanakan dengan menggunakan aturan- aturan pelaksanaan keuangan secara baik dan benar. Jadi kinerja keuangan perusahaan merupakan ukuran tingkat keberhasilan manajemen perusahaan dalam mengelola sumber daya keuangan sesuai dengan standar yang ada. Pada dasarnya penilaian kinerja keuangan perusahaan merupakan suatu penilaian yang dilakukan untuk melihat sejauh mana suatu perusahaan telah melaksanakan serta menggunakan atura-aturan pelaksanaan keuangan secara baik dan benar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 675,
"width": 410,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "F. Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan (Fahmi, 2012) penilaian kinerja keuangan adalah suatu penilaian yang dilakukan untuk melihat sejauh mana suatu perusahaan telah melakukan serta menggunakan aturan-aturan pelaksanaan keuangannya secara baik dan benar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 726,
"width": 410,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penilaian kinerja keuangan sering kali digunakan sebagai ukuran kinerja atau sebagai dasar bagi ukuran yang lain seperti imbalan (return on investment) atau penghasilan persaham",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 346,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "100 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 81,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(eaming pershare) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 93,
"width": 410,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Unsur yang lain langsung berkaitan dengan pengukuran bersih (laba) adalah penghasilan dan beban, dan informasi mengenai kinerja keuangan perusahaan dapat digunakan untuk melihat apabila kinerja perusahaan baik maka nilai usaha akan tinggi. Dengan nilai usaha yang tinggi maka perusahaan menanamkan modalnya dan penghasilan bersih tergantung sebagian pada modal dan pemeliharaan modal yang digunkan dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 169,
"width": 410,
"height": 339,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penilaian kinerja perusahaan salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan analisis laporan keuangan. Berdasarkan tujuan dari penilaian kinerja keuangan perusahaan, maka metode analisis laporan keuangan yang digunakan adalah analisis rasio keuangan. (Syamsuddin, 2011), mengungkapkan financial ratio dapat dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu : ratio likuiditas dan aktivitas, debt ratio , dan profitability ratio . Akan tetapi penggunaan metode analisis rasio keuangan ini memiliki kelemahan. Kelemahan dari analisis rasio keuangan yaitu diabaikannya unsur biaya modal yang digunakan oleh perusahaan. Hal ini mengakibatkan tidak diketahuinya nilai tambah yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan sehingga akan sulit untuk mengetahui apakah tingkat pengembalian modal yang diharapkan investor lebih besar dari modal yang telah ditanam. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, maka para ahli mengembangkan suatu metode alternatif agar dapat menunjukkan seluruh komponen harapan keuntungan yang terukur dalam biata modal. Metode yang dimaksud adalah metode Economic Value Added (EVA). Kinerja perusahaan ( organizational performance ) adalah seberapa efisien dan efektif sebuah organisasi atau seberapa baik organisasi itu menetapkan dan mencapai tujuan yang memadai. Bagi pihak investor, informasi mengenai kinerja perusahaan dapat digunakan untuk melihat apakah mereka akan mempertahankan investasi mereka di perusahaan tersebut atau harus mencari alternatif investasi yang lain. Selain itu, kinerja juga memperlihatkan kepada penanam modal maupun pelanggan atau masyarakat secara umum bahwa perusahaan memiliki kredibilitasi yang baik. Kinerja perlu diukur, dievaluasi untuk menentukan sejauh mana keberhasilan perusahaan dalam mencapai tujuan tertentu. Dua aspek yang sering digunakan dalam menilai kinerja adalah efesiensi dan efektivitas. Efesiensi menggambarkan hubungan antara input dan output , sedangkan efektivitas mencerminkan hubungan output pada suatu tujuan tertentu. Pengukuran kinerja merupakan kunci penting dalam infastruktur organisasi. Istilah tersebut mencakup suatu set kebijakan organisasional, sistem dan praktek yang mengkoordinasikan tindakan serta transfer informasi untuk mendukung seluruh siklus manajemen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 511,
"width": 156,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H. Economic Value Added (EVA)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 524,
"width": 410,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada masa persaingan ketat pasar global sekarang ini, tujuan perusahaan untuk memaksimalkan laba menjadi sulit untuk di wujudkan. Sebaliknya tujuan perusahaan untuk meningkatkan economic value added , karena EVA merupakan satu-satunya pedoman penilaian yang berhubungan langsung dengan nilai pasar sebuah perusahaan dan kinerja manajemen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 587,
"width": 410,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EVA (Economic Value Added) adalah ukuran nilai tambah ekonomis yang dihasilkan perusahaan sebagai akibat dari aktifitas atau strategi manajemen. EVA yang positif menandakan perusahaan berhasil menciptakan nilai bagi pemilik modal karena perusahanan mampu menghasilkan tingkat penghasilan yang melebihi tingkat biaya modalnya. Hal ini sejalan dengan tujuan untuk memaksimalkan nilai perusahaan. Sebaliknya EVA yang negatif menunjukkan bahwa nialai perusahaan menurun karena tingkat pengembalian lebih rendah dari pada biaya modalnya (Amiruddin, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 675,
"width": 410,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Stern Stewart & Co memperkenalkan EVA (Economic Value Added) sebagai solusi atas kelemahan yang dimiliki oleh rasio keuangan pada tahun 1989. EVA merupakan konsep pengukuran kinerja keuangan perusahaan berbasis nilai tambah. Sejak diperkenalkan sebagai alat ukur kinerja keuangan berbasis nilai tambah, EVA telah diadopsi oleh lebih dari 300 perusahaan diseluruh dunia untuk meningkatkan nilai pemegang sahamnya (Stern dkk, 2001). Bahkan saat ini, EVA juga digunakan sebagai alat analisa sebelum melakukan merger dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 346,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "101 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 81,
"width": 410,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "akuisisi (Gandhok dkk, 2001). Secara umum, EVA ditentukan oleh dua hal: Pertama, keuntungan bersih operasional setelah pajak menggambarkan penciptaan value di dalam perusahaan. Kedua, biaya modal dapat diartikan sebagai pengorbanan yang dikeluarkan dalam penciptaan value",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 131,
"width": 411,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Anthony & Govindarajan, 2012) Economic Value Added (EVA) merupakan jumlah uang bukan rasio yang diperoleh dengan mengurangkan beban modal ( capital charge ) dari laba bersih operasi ( net operating profit ). Menurut (Tunggal, 2012) metode Economic Value Adde (EVA) di Indonesia dikenal dengan metode Nilai Tambah Ekonomi (NITAMI) merupakan suatu sistem manajemen keuangan untuk mengukur laba ekonomi dalam suatu perusahaan yang menyatakan, bahwa kesejahteraan hanya dapat tercipta jika perusahaan mampu memenuhi semua biaya operasi ( operating cost ) dan biaya modal ( cost of capital ). Economic Value Added (EVA) merupakan tolok ukur kinerja keuangan dengan mengukur perbedaan antara pengembalian atas modal perusahaan dengan biaya modal (Young dan O’Bryne, 2012). EVA dapat diformulasikan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 258,
"width": 279,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EVA = Laba operasi bersih sesudah pajak (NOPAT) – Biaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 271,
"width": 192,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(modal yang diinvestasikan x biaya modal)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 283,
"width": 364,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "= NOPAT – (rata-rata ICXWACC) Dimana : EVA = Economic Value Added (nilai tambah ekonomi) NOPAT = Net operating profit after taxes (laba operasi bersih sesudah pajak) WACC = Weight average cost of capital (biaya modal rata-rata tertimbang) IC = Invest Capital (modal yang diinvestasikan)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 365,
"width": 410,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Sawir, 2014) EVA dapat ditingkatkan dengan cara : 1. Memperoleh lebih banyak laba tanpa menggunakan lebih banyak modal. Cara yang populer dalam hal ini memotong biaya-biaya bekerja dengan biaya produksi dan pemasaran yang lebih rendah agar memperoleh margin laba yang lebih besar, hal ini juga dicapai dengan meningkatkan perputaran aktiva, baik dengan meningkatkan volume penjualan atau bekerja dengan aktiva yang lebih rendah ( lower assets ). 2. Memperoleh pengembalian ( return ) yang lebih tinggi dari pada biaya modal atas investasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 491,
"width": 396,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "baru, hal ini sesungguhnya menyangkut pertumbuhan perusahaan. Secara sistematis, EVA dihitung dari laba operasi setelah pajak ( Net Operating Profit After Tax = NOPAT) dikurangi dengan aliran kas yang dibutuhkan untuk mengganti dana para investor dan kreditor atas resiko usaha dari modal yang ditanamkan ( Capital Charges ). EVA dihitung dengan rumus:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 554,
"width": 411,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan definisi-definisi yang dikemukakan tentang Economic Value Added , maka ada pun komponen-komponen yang menunjang diperolehnya perhitungan Economic Value Added adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 592,
"width": 295,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Laba Usaha Setalah Pajak ( Net Operating After Tax/ NOPAT)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 603,
"width": 395,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Young dan O’Bryne (2012), berpendapat bahwa NOPAT merupakan laba operasi perusahaan setelah pajak, dan mengukur laba yang diperoleh perusahaan dari operasi berjalan. NOPAT merupakan laba operasi perusahaan setelah pajak dan mengukur laba yang diperoleh perusahaan dari operasi yang berjalan. Laba operasi bersih setelah pajak (NOPAT) dapat dihitung dengan rumus sebagai berikut (Young dan O’byrne, 2010): NOPAT = Laba operasi + Penghasilan bunga – Pajak penghasilan pembebasan pajak atas bunga Atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 693,
"width": 170,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "NOPAT = Laba (Rugi) usaha – pajak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 706,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Biaya Modal ( Cost of Capital )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 719,
"width": 395,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Biaya modal ( Cost of Capital ) merupakan tingkat keuntungan yang diharapkan oleh penyedia dana sebagai imbalan atas dana yang ditanamkan pada suatu perusahaan dan melepaskan kesempatan untuk menanamkan dananya pada perusahaan lainnya. Biaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 467,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EVA = NOPAT – Capital Charges",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 346,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "102 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 81,
"width": 395,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "modal ( cost of capital ) adalah biaya rill yang harus dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan untuk memperoleh dana baik yang berasal dari hutang, saham saham biasa, maupun laba ditahan untuk mendanai suatu investasi atau operasi perusahaan (Martono dan Agus Harjito, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 131,
"width": 395,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Biaya modal ( Cost of Capital ) merupakan tingkat pengembalian minimum yang harus diperoleh perusahaan dari modal yang diinvestasikan perusahaan ( invested capital ). (Young dan O’byme, 2010) berpendapat bahwa biaya modal sama dengan modal yang diinvestasikan perusahaan dikalikan dengan rata-rata tertimbang dari biaya modal (WACC). Biaya modal dapat dihitung dengan rumus yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 195,
"width": 351,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Biaya modal = Rata-rata tertimbang dari biaya modal (WACC) x Modal yang diinvestasikan (Invested Capital )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 233,
"width": 395,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk memperoleh Cost of Capital maka perlu dihitung biaya dari masing- masing sumberdaya dan biaya modal rata-rata dari keseluruhan dana yang digunakan dengan menghitung besarnya WACC ( Weighted Average Cost of Capital ). Cost of capital digunakan sebagai ukuran untuk menentukan diterima atau ditolak suatu usulan investasi, untuk memperoleh cost of capital yang perlu dihitung adalah biaya dari masing-masing sumber dana dan biaya modal rata- rata dari keseluruhan dana yang digunakan dengan menghitung besarnya WACC. Biaya modal dapat digolongkan dalam empat bagian yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 334,
"width": 410,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Biaya Hutang ( Cost of Debt ) Biaya hutang ( Cost of Debt ) merupakan tingkat bunga sebelum pajak yang dibayar perusahaan kepada pemberi pinjamnnya. Biaya hutang dihitung dari besarnya beban bunga yang dibayarkan oleh perusahaan tersebut dalam periode 1 tahun dibagi dengan jumlah pinjaman yang menghasilkan bunga tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 396,
"width": 157,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cost Of Debt = 𝐵𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑛 𝐵𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑎",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 400,
"width": 332,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐽𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑎 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑥100% b. Tingkat Modal (D)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 431,
"width": 152,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tingkat Modalt = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 435,
"width": 128,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔+𝐸𝑘𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑥100%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 465,
"width": 122,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Tingkat Modal /Ekuitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 476,
"width": 206,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tingkat Modalt = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔+𝐸𝑘𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑥100%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 510,
"width": 82,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Biaya Equitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 523,
"width": 395,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Biaya ekuitas adalah biaya yang timbul karena pemenuhan kebutuhan modal dari saham biasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 548,
"width": 410,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Brigham dan Houston, 2011) biaya ekuitas adalah biaya laba ditahan selama perusahaan memiliki biaya ditahan, tetapi biaya ekuitas akan menjadi saham biasa baru setelah perusahaan kehabisan laba ditahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 195,
"top": 598,
"width": 202,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 ( 𝑟𝑒 ) = Laba Bersih Setelah Pajak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 602,
"width": 322,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑥100% a) Tingkat Pajak (tax)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 633,
"width": 243,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tingkat Pajak (tax) = Beban Pajak 𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖ℎ 𝑆𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑚 𝑃𝑎𝑗𝑎𝑘 𝑥100%",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 657,
"width": 395,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Biaya Modal Rata-Rata Tertimbang (WACC) Biaya modal rata-rata tertimbang atau biasa disebut Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) merupakan rata-rata tertimbang dari biaya komponen utang, saham preferen, ekuitas dan laba ditahan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 708,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumus WACC = [(D x rd) (1-tax) + (E x re)]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 720,
"width": 220,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Modal yang di Investasikan (Invested Capital)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 733,
"width": 381,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Widjaya (2011), modal yang diinvestasikan adalah jumlah seluruh pinjaman diluar pinjaman jangka pendek tanpa bunga (Non Interest Bearing Liabilities) . Adapun",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 346,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "103 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 81,
"width": 381,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang dimaksud yaitu utang dagang, biaya yang masih harus dibayar, utang pajak, uang muka pelanggan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 106,
"width": 288,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Invested Capital = (Total hutang + Ekuitas) – Hutang Jk. Pendek",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 131,
"width": 85,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Metodologi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 155,
"width": 410,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Dimana penelitian ini memakai metode analisis deskriptif yaitu metode analisis dimana data-data yang dikumpulkan, diklasifikasikan, dianalisis dan diinterpretasikan secara objektif sehingga memberikan informasi dan gambaran mengenai topik yang dibahas. Data kualitatif, adalah data yang berupa informasi mengenai suatu keadaan mengenai pernyataan dan tidak dapat diperoleh secara langsung yang menunjukkan mutu dan kualitas pada PT . Bank BTPN, Tbk. Data kuantitatif, adalah data yang menggambarkan informasi atau keadaan dalam wujud angka atau nominal pada perusahaan PT . Bank BTPN, Tbk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 272,
"width": 410,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan EVA ( Economic Value Added ). Dimana parameter penilaian yang digunakan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya proses penciptaan nilai suatu perusahaan, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 315,
"width": 408,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Jika Economic Value Added (EVA) > 0, yaitu nilai Economic Value Added (EVA) positif, yang menunjukkan telah terjadi proses nilai tambah pada perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 340,
"width": 408,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Jika Economic Value Added (EVA) = 0, yaitu nilai Economic Value Added (EVA) menunjukkan posisi impas atau break event point , berarti tidak ada nilai tambah ekonomis, tetapi perusahaan mampu membayarkan semua kewajibannya kepada para penyandang dana atau kreditur.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 391,
"width": 407,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Jika Economic Value Added (EVA) < 0, yaitu nilai Economic Value Added (EVA) negatif, yang menunjukkan tidak terjadi proses nilai tambah pada perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 417,
"width": 407,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara sistematis, EVA dihitung dari laba operasi setelah pajak ( Net Operating Profit After Tax = NOPAT) dikurangi dengan aliran kas yang dibutuhkan untuk mengganti dana para investor dan kreditor atas resiko usaha dari modal yang ditanamkan ( Capital Charges ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 474,
"width": 151,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 491,
"width": 410,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bagi sebuah perusahaan mampu menciptakan nilai tambah adalah salah satu bukti bahwa perusahaan tersebut mampu memberi tingkat pengembalian bagi para penyandang dana yang menanamkan modalnya. Begitu pula dengan Bank BTPN,Tbk di Bursa Efek Indonesia, menciptakan nilai tambah merupakan sesuatu yang sangat penting apalagi usaha tersebut memiliki prospek yang sangat baik, sehingga dapat mempertahankan usahanya dengan baik agar tujuan yang diinginkan tercapai. Salah satu indikator penting yang dapat menilai kinerja keuangan perusahaan adalah EVA. EVA sendiri merupakan pedoman penilaian yang berhubungan langsung dengan nilai sebuah perusahaan dan kinerja manajemen. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan EVA pada tahun 2016-2020, diketahui bahwa EVA pada Bank BTPN,Tbk di Bursa Efek Indonesia yaitu bernilai negatif, hal ini dapat dilihat sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 637,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "NOPAT (Net Operating After Tax)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 651,
"width": 410,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "NOPAT atau laba usaha setelah pajak dapat diketahui dengan menghitung sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 676,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "NOPAT = Laba (Rugi) usaha – Pajak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 738,
"width": 341,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. NOPAT ( Net Operating After Tax ) Bank BTPN,Tbk (Dalam jutaan)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 346,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "104 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 81,
"width": 294,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahun Laba rugi usaha (Rp.) Pajak (Rp.) NOPAT (Rp.) 2016 4.207.178 590.867 3.616.311 2017 3.496.213 287.513 3.208.700 2018 3.880.755 521.559 3.359.196 2019 5.049.186 545.060 4.504.126 2020 4.708.797 541.834 4.166.963",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 178,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Data diolah 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 203,
"width": 407,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 2 NOPAT bisa dilihat bahwa dari tahun (2016-2020) mengalami fluktuasi hal tersebut dipengaruhi laba rugi pada tahun 2016 sebesar Rp.4.207.178 dan tahun 2017 menurun menjadi Rp.3.496.213, pada tahun 2018 tahun 2020 mengalami penurunan menjadi Rp.4.708.797. Mengakibatkan beban pajak juga mempengaruhi NOPAT. Pada tahun 2016 sebesar Rp.590.867, tahun 2017 menurun sebesar Rp.287.513,tahun 2018 meningkat sebesar Rp.521.559, tahun 2019 meningkat sebesar Rp. 545.060, sedangkan tahun 2020 mengalami penurunan menjadi Rp. 541.834. NOPAT setiap tahunnya bernilai positif, karena laba yang dihasilkan lebih besar dari pada beban pajak. Berdasarkan dari hasil tabel diatas NOPAT yang dihasilkan tahun 2016 sampai 2020 bernilai positif. Oleh karena itu Bank BTPN,Tbk Di Bursa Efek Indonesia memiliki kinerja yang baik dari perhitungan NOPAT.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 342,
"width": 80,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Invested Capital",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 366,
"width": 373,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumus perhitungan invested capital atau modal yang diinvestasikan adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 392,
"width": 293,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Invested Capital = total hutang & ekuitas – hutang jangka pendek Tabel 3. Invested Capital Bank BTPN,Tbk (dalam jutaan)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 431,
"width": 385,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahun Total utang dan ekuitas (Rp.) Utang jangka Pendek (Rp.) Invested Capital (Rp.) 2016 84.744.338 3.699.172 81.045.531 2017 87.038.513 5.208.640 81.829.891 2018 90.551.493 8.442.765 82.108.728 2019 167.492.734 44.086.343 123.406.391 2020 168.178.044 37.176.039 131.002.005",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 529,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Data diolah 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 554,
"width": 411,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tabel 3 diperoleh nilai Invested Capital pada Bank BTPN di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama 5 (lima) tahun (2016-2020) mengalami fluktuasi. Dapat dilihat total utang dan ekuitas perusahaan selama lima tahun mengalami peningkatan, namun yang mempengaruhi fluktuasi adalah utang jangka pendek perusahaan pada tahun 2016 sebesar Rp.3.699.172, tahun 2017 mengalami peningkatan menjadi Rp. 5.208.640, tahun 2018 mengalami peningkatan sebesar Rp. 8.442.765, tahun 2019 mengalami peningkatan sebesar Rp.44.086.343, sedangkan tahun 2020 mengalami penurunan menjadi Rp. 37.176.039.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 642,
"width": 410,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Invested Capital atau Modal merupakan penjumlahan total hutang dan total saham yang diinvestasikan, berdasarkan tabel diatas yang memiliki nilai tertinggi ditahun 2020 sebesar Rp.131.002.005, sedangkan nilai Invested Capital terendah pada tahun 2016 sebesar Rp.81.045.531.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 693,
"width": 410,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil penelitian ini mendukung hasil penelitian dari Manurung (2013) sebagai alat mengukur hasil yang diperoleh perusahaan atas tindakan investasi yang dilakukan, dan ukurannya yaitu investasi yang dilakukan tersebut harus dapat memenuhi seluruh biaya yang dikeluarkan perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 346,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "105 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 81,
"width": 191,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Weight Average Cost of Capital (WACC )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 105,
"width": 410,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "WACC merupakan rata-rata tertimbang, biaya utang dan modal sendiri. rumus WACC adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 131,
"width": 407,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "WACC = {(D x rd) (1-Tax) + (E x re)} Tabel 4 : Weight Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Bank BTPN,Tbk (dalam jutaan) Tahun D Rd 1-Tax E Re WACC 2016 8,18% 6,9% 0,712 18,1% 14,1% 0,0294 2017 8,20% 6,3% 0,721 17,9% 4,81% 0,0122 2018 8,23% 6,0% 0,679 19,6% 8,51% 0.0179 2019 8,37% 5,1% 0,749 16,2% 5,74% 0,0122 2020 8,31% 3,7% 0,691 16,8% 5,41% 0,0691",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 253,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Data diolah 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 277,
"width": 410,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tabel 4 Nilai WACC selama 5 (lima) tahun 2016-2020 mengalami fluktuatif. Berfluktuatifnya nilai WACC Bank BTPN,Tbk di Bursa Efek Indonesia, bisa dilihat nilai WACC tahun 2016 tinggi sebesar 0,0294, sedangkan nilai WACC tahun 2017 sebesar 0,0122, tahun 2018 meningkat sebesar 0,0179, tahun 2019 menurun sebesar 0,0122, dan nilai WACC paling tinggi tahun 2020 sebesar 0,0691, sehingga semakin besar nilai WACC yang diperoleh setiap tahunnya maka semakin besar tingkat pengembalian investasi yang didapat oleh para investor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 366,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menghitung Capital Charges",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 380,
"width": 410,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Capital Charges diperoleh dari hasil kali WACC dengan Invested Capital , yaitu sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 199,
"top": 409,
"width": 204,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Capital Charges = WACC x Invested Capital",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 424,
"width": 302,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5 : Capital Charges Bank BTPN,Tbk (dalam jutaan) Tahun WACC (Rp.) Invested Capital (Rp.) Capital Charges (Rp) 2016 0.0294 81.045.166 2.382.727 2017 0,0122 81.829.891 998.324 2018 0,0179 82.108.728 1.469.746 2019 0,0122 123.406.391 1.505.557 2020 0,0691 131.002.003 1.467.222",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 545,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Data diolah 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 569,
"width": 403,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel diatas, dapat dilihat bahwa nilai Capital Charges tahun 2017 mengalami penurunan sebesar Rp.998.324, pada tahun 2018 kembali meningkat sebesar Rp.1.469.746, pada tahun 2019 meningkat sebesar Rp.1.505.557, pada tahun 2020 menurun sebesar Rp.1.467.222, namun nilai Capital Charges tertinggi pada tahun 2016 sebesar Rp.2.382.727. berdasarkan tabel diatas dapat dilihat bahwa seberapa besar modal yang diinvestasikan oleh pemegang saham dalam suatu perusahaan, sehingga semakin besar pengembalian investasi yang diterima oleh investor maka semakin besar pula modal yang diinvestasikan kedalam perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 670,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menghitung Economic Value Added (EVA)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 695,
"width": 407,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perhitungan EVA merupakan langkah terakhir dalam menghitung EVA itu sendiri. Cara menghitung EVA ditulis dengan rumus sebagai berikut: EVA = NOPAT – Capital Charges Atau EVA = NOPAT – (WACC x Invested Capital) Tabel 6 : Economic Value Added (EVA) Bank BTPN,Tbk (dalam jutaan)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 346,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "106 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 81,
"width": 352,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahun NOPAT (Rp.) Capital Charges (Rp.) EVA (Rp.) 2016 3.616.311 2.382.727 1.233.584 2017 3.208.700 998.324 2.210.376 2018 3.359.196 1.469746 1.889.450 2019 4.504.126 1.505.557 2.998.569 2020 4.166.963 1.467.222 2.699.741",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 176,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : data diolah 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 200,
"width": 410,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 6 mengenai besarnya perhitungan kinerja keuangan dengan menggunakan metode EVA, dimana pada tahun 2016 EVA yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar Rp.1.233.584 atau bernilai positif atau EVA>0 artinya, pada tahun 2016 perusahaan mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah sebesar Rp.1.233.584.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 251,
"width": 410,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini terjadi karena NOPAT yang diperoleh pada tahun 2016 lebih besar dari biaya modal. Pada tahun 2017 EVA yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar Rp.2.210.376 atau bernilai positif atau EVA>0 artinya, pada tahun 2017 mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah perusahaan sebesar Rp.2.210.376. hal ini terjadi karena NOPAT yang diperoleh pada tahun 2017 lebih besar dari biaya modal. Pada tahun 2018 EVA yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar Rp.1.889.450 atau bernilai positif atau EVA>0 artinya, pada tahun 2018 mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah perusahaan sebesar Rp.1.889.450 hal ini terjadi karena NOPAT yang diperoleh pada tahun 2018 lebih besar dari biaya modal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 352,
"width": 410,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahun 2019 EVA yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar Rp.2.998.569 atau bernilai positif atau EVA>0 artinya, pada tahun 2019 mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah perusahaan sebesar Rp.2.998.569 hal ini terjadi karena NOPAT yang diperoleh pada tahun 2019 lebih besar dari biaya modal. Pada tahun 2020 EVA yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar Rp.2.699.741 atau bernilai positif atau EVA>0 artinya, pada tahun 2020 mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah perusahaan sebesar Rp.2.699.741 hal ini terjadi karena NOPAT yang diperoleh pada tahun 2020 lebih besar dari biaya modal artinya bank mampu menciptakan nilai tambah atau laba.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 257,
"top": 467,
"width": 90,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 485,
"width": 410,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan kesimpulan yang diperoleh, penulis memberikan saran sebagai berikut: Bagi pemilik perusahaan harus mampu mengambil keputusan yang tepat bahwa ketika usaha yang dijalankan tidak menguntungkan atau tidak menghasilkan tingkat pengembalian yang optimal maka manajemen perusahaan harus mampu memperhatikan atau menekan biaya-biaya yang memberatkan bagi perusahaan.Sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam mempercepat pengambilan keputusan bisnis, aplikasi EVA merupakan alat ukur yang praktis dan mudah karena komponen yang digunakan merupakan hal yang sederhana.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 601,
"width": 410,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penilaian kinerja bertujuan sebagai penentu secara efektivitas operasional berdasarkan sasaran, standar dan kinerja yang telah ditetapakan sebelumnya untuk mengevaluasi tujuan bank tersebut. Konsep EVA merupakan alternatif yang dapat digunakan dalam mengukur kinerja perusahaan dimana fokus penilaian kinerja adalah pada penciptaan nilai bank. Karena EVA tidak hanya mempertimbangkan biaya hutang saja namun juga biaya modal bank tersebut. Berdasarkan dari hasil analisis dan perhitungan economic value added (EVA) pada Bank BTPN,Tbk periode 2016-2020 menunjukkan niali EVA yang positif tatau EVA>0 arinya bank mampu menciptakan nilai tambah atau laba.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 52,
"width": 346,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "107 | Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro (JMPKN), Vol 6, No 2, Juli 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 764,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 254,
"top": 82,
"width": 95,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 99,
"width": 410,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aisyah, N. dkk.(2013). Pengukuran Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Menggunakan Metode Rasio Keuangan dan Metode EVA (Economic Value Added) (Studi Pada PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2009-2011). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB), Vol.2 No.1 Mei 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 153,
"width": 292,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahmi, I. (2012). Analisis Kinerja Keuangan . Alfabeta, Bandung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 169,
"width": 410,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fisu, A. A., Didiharyono, D., & Bakhtiar, B. (2020, April). Economic & Financial Feasibility Analysis of Tarakan Fishery Industrial Estate Masterplan. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 469, No. 1, p. 012002). IOP Publishing.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 210,
"width": 410,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ghandok, Tejpavan, Anurag Dwivedi, dan Jatin Jal. (2001). EVAluating Mergers and Acquisitions-How to Avoid Overpaying. Stern Stewart Research. Volume 3. Issue 8",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 238,
"width": 410,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hizada, R. (2012). Analisis Kinerja keuangan Perusahaan Farmasi. Jurnal Visioner & Strategi. Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 266,
"width": 410,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kasmir. (2012). Bank dan Lembaga Kuangan Lainnya . Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 282,
"width": 410,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lihawa, M., Montolalu, J., & Tampi, D. (2018). Analisis Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan dengan Menggunakan Metode Economic Value Added (EVA) Pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB) , 6 (003) .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 323,
"width": 410,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maith, H. A. (2013). Analisa Laporan Keuangan dalam Mengukur Kinerja Keuangan pada PT. Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna. Tbk. Skripsi (tidak dipublikasi) . Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 364,
"width": 410,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manoppo, J.P. (2012). Analisa Laporan Keuangan dalam Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan pada PT. Bank Sulut Manado . Skripsi (tidak dipublikasi) . Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 405,
"width": 298,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Munawir, (2014). Analisa Laporan Keuangan .Yogyakarta: Liberty",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 418,
"width": 410,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "O’Byrne F. S. dan S. David Y. (2010). Economic Value Added dan Manajemen Berdasarkan Nilai Panduan Praktis untuk Implementasi. Jakarta : Salemba Empat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 449,
"width": 410,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ottay, M. C., & Alexander, S. W. (2015). Analisis laporan keuangan untuk menilai kinerja keuangan pada PT. BPR Citra Dumoga Manado. Jurnal Emba: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi , 3 (1), 923-932",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 489,
"width": 410,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pai, C. C., Nangoy, S. C., & Jan, A. B. H. (2014). Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Roi Dan Eva Antara Pt. Bank Mandiri Tbk Dengan Pt. Bank Bni Tbk. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi , 2 (3), 167- 175 Sahabuddin, R. (2016). Daya Saing Industri Kecil Dan Menengah Dalam Prespektif Manajemen Strategik: Analisis Lingkungan Persaingan Industri. Cetakan Pertama, I (I). Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM} Rumah Buku Carabaca Makassar, Makassar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 597,
"width": 410,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sari, M. (2015). Analisis Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Economic Value Added (EVA) . Lampung: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Lampung.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 638,
"width": 411,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Stewart, S., & Co. (2010). Properti Intelektual : EVA & MVA . Diunduh 1 april 2010. www.sternstewart.com",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 666,
"width": 410,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Syamsuddin, L. (2011). Manajemen Keuangan Perusahaan Konsep Aplikasi Dalam :Perencanaan, Pengawasan, dan Pengambilan Keputusan . Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 707,
"width": 410,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Utama S. (2010). Economic Value Added Pengukur Penciptaan Nilai Perusahaan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 720,
"width": 129,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Usahawan No. 4 April 2010.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
4538d66a-e879-47a4-83aa-8d7b7b5b149e | https://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JISIP/article/download/4089/3175 | [
{
"left": 57,
"top": 31,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 45,
"width": 181,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 7 No. 1 Januari 2023 e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 72,
"width": 386,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: 10.58258/jisip.v7i1.4089/http://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JISIP/index",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 791,
"width": 474,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "138 | Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus di Nagari Saok Laweh Kecamatan Kubung) (Hane Johan)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 94,
"width": 442,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus di Nagari Saok Laweh Kecamatan Kubung)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 138,
"width": 127,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hane Johan 1 , Ilyasmadi 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 152,
"width": 245,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,2 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) El Hakim",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 181,
"width": 473,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Article Info Abstract Article history: Received : 03 November 2022 Publish : 06 Januari 2023 This study aims to find, understand and explain the problem as a phenomenon that occurs. The phenomenon in this study is the management of household waste in Nagari Saok Laweh, Kubung District. The results showed that 64% of the respondents acknowledged the very important role of local community leaders, while 36% of the community stated that there was no role from the two governments in terms of providing socialization/training on how to manage waste properly. While 58% of respondents stated that the infrastructure for waste management in Nagari Saok Laweh was still lacking, while the remaining 32% benefited that the infrastructure was sufficient because the community in front of the road was in the trash can, 10% of respondents answered. Community participation in direct waste management 54% of respondents do not carry out environmental management activities directly, and 16% less often, and 7% of respondents quite often and 16% often do waste management.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 256,
"width": 49,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Management Waste Household",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 331,
"width": 473,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Info Artikel ABSTRAK Article history: Received : 03 November 2022 Publish : 06 Januari 2023 Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menemukan, memahami dan menjelaskan permasalahan sebagai fenomena yang terjadi. Fenomena pada penelitian ini yakni pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga di Nagari Saok Laweh Kecamatan Kubung. Hasilnya penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 64% dari responden mengakui adanya peran yang sangat penting dari tokoh masyarakat setempat, sementara 36% masyarakat menyatakan tidak ada peran dari kedua pemerintah dalam hal memberikan sosialisasi/pelatihan tentang cara mengelola sampah yang baik. Sedangkan 58% responden menyatakan bahwa sarana prasarana untuk pengelolaan sampah Nagari Saok Laweh masih kurang, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 32% beranggapan bahwa sarana prasarana cukup karena masyarakat responden berada di depan jalan yang terdapat di tempat sampah, 10% responden tidak ada yang menjawab. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah secara langsung 54% responden tidak melakukan kegiatan pengelolaan lingkungan secara langsung, dan 16% jarang, dan 7% responden cukup sering dan 16% sering melakukan pengelolaan sampah kegiatan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 257,
"top": 497,
"width": 277,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This is an open access article under the Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi- BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 542,
"width": 176,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Corresponding Author: Hane Johan, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) El Hakim Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 598,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 612,
"width": 467,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masalah sampah di Indonesia merupakan masalah yang rumit karena kurangnya pengertian masyarakat terhadap akibat–akibat yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh sampah, kurangnya biaya pemerintah untuk mengusahakan pembuangan sampah yang baik dan memenuhi syarat, begitu pula halnya yang terjadi di Nagari Saok Laweh dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangganya. Sampah merupakan hal yang sangat berpengaruh dan berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan dan kelangsungan hidup masyarakat. Sampah dapat membawa dampak yang buruk pada kondisi kesehatan manusia. Bila sampah dibuang secara sembarangan atau ditumpuk tanpa ada pengelolaan yang baik, maka akan menimbulkan berbagai dampak kesehatan yang serius.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 722,
"width": 467,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kadang-kadang manusia tidak menyadari bahwa setiap hari manusia dalam keluarga pasti menghasilkan sampah, baik sampah organik maupun sampah anorganik. Sehingga perlunya suatu pengelolaan sampah yang berkelanjutan dan baik agar sampah bisa dikendalikan. Sebagian dari mereka yang masih peduli dengan lingkungannya mencoba membakar sampah-sampahnya di",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 31,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 31,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 791,
"width": 474,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "139 | Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus di Nagari Saok Laweh Kecamatan Kubung) (Hane Johan)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 467,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "halaman rumah. Namun ada juga masyarakat yang tidak punya banyak waktu untuk melakukannya dan memilih cara praktis yaitu membuangnya ke sungai atau selokan. Dampaknya adalah ketika musim hujan tiba, sampah-sampah tersebut menghambat laju air di saluran-saluran air yang menyebabkan air tidak bisa mengalir. Karena mengendap cukup lama, air tersebut mulai menjadi tempat dimana ancaman-ancaman penyakit mulai menyerang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 129,
"width": 467,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Partisipasi seluruh warga masyarakat khususnya dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh mutlak diperlukan untuk mewujudkan lingkungan yang bersih sehingga semua warga yang tinggal di wilayah tersaebut bisa menikmati kehidupan dengan sehat dan nyaman. Saat ini masih banyak kita temui orang-orang yang mementingkan diri sendiri atau mengabaikan lingkungan, sehingga tidak bertanggungjawab untuk turut berpartisipasi membersihkan lingkungan dengan berbagai macam alasan seperti sibuk bekerja, tidak punya waktu luang, sering keluar daerah, dan lain-lain. Sesungguhnya kita perlu menganggap serius masalah tersebut. Kita perlu memikirkan jalan keluar yang paling baik karena jika masalah ini dibiarkan, masyarakat yang lain akan merasakan adanya diskriminasi yang akan menyebabkan mereka juga ikut-ikutan tidak mau berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan-kegiatan yang pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 280,
"width": 467,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ada beberapa cara yang bisa dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga, seperti memberikan apresiasi kepada orang (masyarakat) yang sadar untuk mengelola sampah rumah tangganya, dengan cara memilah dan membuang pada tempat yang sudah disediakan. Cara-cara seperti ini diharapkan akan menumbuhkan budaya masyarakat akan pentingnya lingkungan yang bersih dan sehat melalui pengelolaan sampah yang ada di rumah tangganya masing-masing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 363,
"width": 467,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian setiap warga masyarakat dihimbau untuk turut peduli terhadap lingkungan supaya lingkungan tetap bersih dan sehat karena masalah sampah mutlak harus ditangani secara terhitung sejak bulan Mei 2021 sampai dengan bulan Juli 2021.Untuk memperoleh data peneliti mengumpulkan data dengan cara menyebarkan angket yang sudah disiapkan kepada warga masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh yang dijadikan sebagai responden dalam penelitian sebanyak 85 orang, serta dilakukan wawancara. Setelah data diperoleh dari lapangan selanjutnya data diolah dan dianalisa dengan cara deskriptif kualitatif yaitu menggambarkan dan menjelaskan secara tepat sesuai dengan keadaan yang sebenarnya tentang permasalahan bersama- sama antara pemerintah, lembaga swadaya masyarakat dan masyarakat itu sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 488,
"width": 467,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan kesadaran dan komitmen bersama menuju perubahan sikap, prilaku, etika yang berbudaya lingkungan. Pengelolaan sampah yang dapat dilakukan masyarakat untuk mengurangi jumlah sampah yang masuk ke TPA diantaranya pengkomposan karena dapat menjadikan pupuk yang dapat menyuburkan tanaman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 543,
"width": 467,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari uraian diatas nampak bahwa tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga di Nagari Saok Laweh masih rendah. Oleh karena itu fokus penelitian diarahkan pada bagaimana agaimana partisipasi masyarakat lokal dalam hal ini masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh dalam mengelola sampah rumah tangga, dilihat dari beberapa aspek dasar mengenai karakteristik masyarakat yang dijadikan sebagai reponden penelitian, pengetahuan dan pengalaman masyarakat mengenai pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga, peran pemerintah/tokoh masyarakat, sarana dan prasarana yang tersedia dalam kegiatan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga, persepsi dan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 667,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 681,
"width": 467,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Nagari Saok Laweh, khususnya di wilayah Jorong Pincuran Baruah. Sedangkan waktu penelitian dilakukan selama 3 (tiga) bulan. yang di teliti yang berasal dari data yang telah dikumpulkan sehingga dapat diambil kesimpulan secara tepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 750,
"width": 256,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 764,
"width": 268,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1.Tindakan masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 31,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 31,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 791,
"width": 474,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "140 | Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus di Nagari Saok Laweh Kecamatan Kubung) (Hane Johan)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 60,
"width": 449,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari aspek tentang tindakan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga, dapat diketahui sebagaimana tabel berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 87,
"width": 357,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Tindakan Masyarakat Dalam Mengelola Sampah Rumah Tangga No Klasifikasi Pelapor Frekuensi % 1 Dibuang ke selokan 5 6 2 Dibakar 57 67 3 Didaur ulang 22 29 4 Disembunyikan 1 1 Jumlah 85 100 Sumber: Data Primer 2021",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 214,
"width": 449,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat diketahui bahwa tindakan masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah rumah tangga yang sudah terkumpul, menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat lebih memilih untuk membuang keselokan sebanyak 6 %. Alasannya bahwa membuang sampah ke selokan terasa lebih praktis tanpa harus repot mengumpulkan. Sebagian besar masyarakat responden yaitu sebanyak 67 % mengatakan bahwa untuk mengelola sampah rumah tangga yang sudah terkumpul kemudian dibakar. Menurut mereka dilakukan pembakaran terutama pada sampah kering dengan maksud agar tidak menumpuk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 310,
"width": 449,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan masyarakat yang mengelolasampah dengan melakukan daur ulang terhadap sampah yang terkumpul ada sebanyak Dari aspek pengalaman pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga pada masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh berdasarkan data wawancara diproleh 8 kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan pengelolaan sampah yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 366,
"width": 449,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Mengolah sampah menjadi kompos pada kegiatan ini ada 13 orang jumlahnya yang 26 %. Bentuk daur ulang disini adalah dengan menimbun untuk dijadikan pupuk. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebenarnya sebagian besar responden telah mengetahui yang apa yang harus dilakukan terhadap sampah yang terkumpul, agar sampah tidak menjadi masalah yang besar baik dimasa sekarang ataupun masa yang akan datang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 435,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2.Pengalaman Masyarakat Dalam Mengelola Sampah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 449,
"width": 450,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari aspek pengalaman masyarakat dalam menglola sampah rumah tangga, responden mengakui bahwa masyarakat sebenarnya sudah terbiasa mengelola sampah. Kegiatan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga yang biasa dilakukan masyarakat di Nagari Saok Laweh dapat dirinci dalam tabel berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 504,
"width": 329,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2 . Pengalaman Masyarakat dalam Mengelola Sampah No Klasifikasi Pelapor Frekuensi % 1 Mengelola sampah menjadi kompos 13 15 2 Membuat kerajinan dari barang bekas 14 16 3 Memila sampah organik dan an organik 13 15 4 Menabung sampah di bank sampah 11 13 5 Memindahkan sampah ke TPS 15 18 6 Kerja bakti membersihkan lingkungan 10 12 7 Mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan 2 2 8 Mengikuti sosialisasi/Penyuluhan 7 8 Jumlah 85 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 661,
"width": 132,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Data Primer 2021",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 689,
"width": 449,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Mengakui pernah melakukan kegiatan tersebut , hal ini menyatakan bahwa kegiatan ini kurang diminati oleh masyarakat dikarenakan pembuatan kompos yang memerlukan waktu dan usaha ketimbang mengakui pupuk pabrik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 730,
"width": 446,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Membuat kerajinan dari barang bekas pada peluang ini terdapat 14 orang yang mempunyai pengalaman melakukan, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hanya sedikit masyarakat yang mempunyai inisiatip untuk mempaatkan barang-barang sisa yang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 31,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 31,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 791,
"width": 474,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "141 | Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus di Nagari Saok Laweh Kecamatan Kubung) (Hane Johan)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 428,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menjadi sampah untuk diolah menjadi barang yang berguna bagi dan bahkan bernilai ekonomis.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 87,
"width": 446,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Memisahkan sampah organik dan anorganik pada kegiatan ini terdapat 13 orang yang melakukan, kemudian hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pemisahan sampah tersebut. Menjadi hal yang dianggap kurang perlu dilakukan, dikarenakan asumsi masyarakat yang menyatakan petugas sampahlah atau beda pengelola sampah yang bertugas untuk memilah sampah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 156,
"width": 446,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Menabung dibank sampah hanya 11 orang dari selain responden yang mengalami pernah melakukan kegiatan ini dikarenakan bahwa lembaga atau badan pengelola sampah tersebut tidak ada di Nagari Saok Laweh yang ada hanya TPA. e. Memidahkan samph ke TPS pada kegiatan ini lebih dari setengah responden yaitu 15 orang melakukannya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan ini menjadi usaha rutin yang dilakukan warga dalam bentuk mengatasi tentang sampah yang termasuk dalam pengelolaan sampah agar tidakterjadi penumpukan sampah baik itu dirumah tangga maupun dilingkungan sekitar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 253,
"width": 446,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e. Kerja bakti membersihkan lingkungan dari hasil yang diproleh dari tanggapan responden, 10 orang mengatakan pernah melakukan kegiatan ini dan hal ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas warga mempunyai partisipasi yang baik dalam menjaga atau mengelola lingkungannya agar tetap asri terhindar dari sampah yang mengotori lingkungan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 308,
"width": 446,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "f. Mengikuti kegiatan atau pelatihan yang diselenggarakan oleh lembaga yang mengelola sampah rumah tangga. Pada kegiatan ini hanya 2 orang dari banyak responden yang dipilih yang mengakui pernah melakukan atau mengikuti dan ini menjukkan bahwa , lembaga atau badan pengelola sampah didesa setempat tidak pernah melakukan penelitian pengelolaan sampah secara terbuka terhadap masyarakat setempat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 377,
"width": 446,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "g. Mengikuti sosialisasi atau penyuluhan mengenai pengelolaan sampah jorong. Pada kegiatan ini terdapat 7 orang responden yang pernah melakukan kegiatan ini , hal ini menjadikan sosialisasi atau penyuluhan tentang pengelolaan sampah yang baik dilakukan oleh pemerintah atau badan terkait tidak mengena kepada seluruh masyarakat tentang pengetahuan mengenai bagaimana mengelola sampah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 446,
"width": 238,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.3.Peran Pemerintah dan Tokoh Masyarakat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 460,
"width": 449,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peran pemerintah dan tokoh masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga di Nagari Saok Laweh dapat dijelaskan bahwa pada dasarnya setiap suatu kegiatan pemerintah yang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 501,
"width": 449,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "melibatkan masyarakat akan selalu dikoordinasikan anatar pemerintah dengan tokoh masyarakat. Hal ini dilakukan dengan tujuan agar suatu kegiatan memberdayakan bagi masyarakat tersebut dapat terlaksana dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 543,
"width": 449,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengelolaan sampah di Nagari Saok Laweh, sudah dilakukan sosialisasi maupun pelatihan sebelumnya, namun hanya sebagian masyarakatnya yang menerima atau bahkan yang mengetahui diadakannya suatu kegiatan sosialisasi pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga, dan bahkan dapat dikatakan banyak dari warga masyarakatnya lebih banyak yang tidak mengetahui adanya sosialisasi dan pelatihan mengenai pengelolaan sampah, yaitu 62 responden atau 72,9 %. Sedangkan yang mengikuti sosialisasi dan pealtihan sebanyak 23 responden atau 27,1 %.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 639,
"width": 449,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika dilihat dari respon para masyarakat yang sebagian besarnya mengatakan bahwa tidak ada sosialisasi maupun pelatihan dalam pengelolaan sampah di Nagari Saok Laweh, maka dapat dikatakan sosialisasi dan pelatihannya pun tidak di adakan secara rutin. Hal itu bisa diketahui dari jawaban responden bahwa hanya ada 6 responden atau 7,1 % yang menjawab secara rutin mengikuti sosialisasi dan pelatihan. Sedangkan sebagian besar responden yaitu 79 responden atau 92,9 % mengatakan bahwa tidak secara rutin bisa mengikuti sosialisasi dan pelatihan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 736,
"width": 449,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Respon masyarakat terhadap kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan yang diberikan pemerintah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 31,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 31,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 791,
"width": 474,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "142 | Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus di Nagari Saok Laweh Kecamatan Kubung) (Hane Johan)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 60,
"width": 449,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "untuk memberdayakan masyarakatnya kurang mendapat respon positif dari warga masyarakat secara umum, tetapi para tokoh masyarakat pada Nagari Saok Laweh cukup memberikan respon positif. Respon tokoh masyarakat yang demikian dimaksudkan untuk memberikan contoh dan mengajak atau menghimbau warganya dalam pengelolaan sampah, karena mereka merupakan tokoh yang cukup berpengaruh di Nagari Saok Laweh bagi kehidupan masyarakatnya. Dengan demikian diharapkan masyarakat dapat mengikuti kegiatan positif yang dilakukan para tokoh masyarakatnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 156,
"width": 449,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan ketimpangan yang terjadi dari respon masyarakat dan tokoh masyarakat di Nagari Saok Laweh, sulit untuk melihat apakah peran tokoh masyarakat tersebut berpengaruh mengenai perubahan perilaku yang di tunjukkan para warganya dalam mengelola sampah. Dalam hal para tokoh masyarakat ini memberikan himbauan dan mengajak para warganya untuk melakukan diskusi mengenai sampah agar mengetahui bagaimana pegelolaan sampah, sebagian besar masyarakat yaitu 51 responden atau 60 % mengatakan bahwa warga masyarakat dihimbau dan diajak untuk musyawarah dalam mengelola sampah rumah tangga. Sedangakan sejumlah 34 responden atau 40 % mengatakan tidak diajak musyawarah. Sebagian warga mengatakan bahwa tidak ada musyawarah antara warga masyarakat dengan tokoh masyarakat, tetapi dapat dilihat dari besarnya respon masyarakat bahwa peran tokoh masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga cukup besar. Peran lain dari tokoh masyarakat yang amat penting selain merupakan panutan dari warganya yaitu dengan memberikan ketegasan atau menegur yang baik bagi para warganya yang melanggar dengan membuang sampah sembarangan. Menurut warga masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh, tokoh masyarakat sering menegur warganya apabila membuang sampah sembarangan. Hal ini sebagaimana yang disampaikan masyarakat bahwa 64 responden atau 75 % masyarakat mengatakan tokoh masyarakat akan menegur bila warganya membuang sampah sembarangan, sedangkan 21 responden atau 25 % masyarakat jarang mendapat teguran bila membuang sampah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 419,
"width": 449,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sembarangan. Apabila dilihat dari presentasi dari peran tokoh masyarakat terlihat bahwa mereka",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 446,
"width": 449,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sangat peduli terhadap kebersihan lingkungan dalam hal ini mengenai pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga. Sebenarnya, dalam kegiatan pengelolaan sampah ini tidak hanya menjadi tanggungjawab para tokoh masyarakat tetapi para masyarakat itu sendiri yang harus menyadari bahwa menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dari sampah rumah tangga itu sangat penting agar lingkngannya menjadi baik bersih,dan indah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 515,
"width": 449,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Warga Nagari Saok Laweh saling mengingatkan untuk selalu mengelola sampah rumah tangganya dengan baik dan benar, sehingga yang diharapkan tidak hanya peran paraa tokohnya saja yang merupakan panutan, tetapi keikut sertaan masyarakat yang berperan sebagai pegelola sampah. Peran pemerintah dan para tokoh masyarakat sangat diperlukan untuk menunjang keberlangsungan kegiatan pengelolaan sampah di Nagari Saok Laweh, tetapi pada faktanya peran pemerintah kurang dalam kegiatan pengelolaan sampah baik itu sosialisasi maupun pelatihan, namun dilain pihak peran tokoh masyarakat cukup baik dalam menghimbau masyarakatnya dalam mengelola sampah, sehingga yang diharapkan tidak hanya peran paraa tokohnya saja yang merrupakan panutan diNagari Saok Laweh tetapi keikut sertaan masyarakatnya yangberperan sebagai pegelola sampah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 653,
"width": 467,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.4.Sarana dan Prasarana dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Keberhasilan pengelolaan sampah juga dipengaruhi oleh fasilitas dalam pengelolaan sampah berupa sarana dan prasarana yang tersedia. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena sarana maupun prasarana pengelolaan akan mempengaruhi secara langsung keberhasilan, dengan sarana dan prasarana yang cukup tersedia tentunya akan mempercepat keberhasilan pengelolaan sampah. Dari hasil penelitian yang kami lakukan di Nagari Saok Laweh diperoleh data bahwa sarana pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga yang tersedia adalah berupa tong sampah. Tong sampah merupakan salah satu sarana dan prasarana penunjang serta sebagai alat dalam pengelolaan sampah. Tong sampah yang terdapat di Nagari Saok Laweh",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 31,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 31,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 791,
"width": 474,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "143 | Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus di Nagari Saok Laweh Kecamatan Kubung) (Hane Johan)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 60,
"width": 449,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sebagai sarana pembuangan sampah, juga sebagai sarana dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh. Nagari Saok Laweh terdapat tong sampah pemisah antara anorganik dan organik, tetapi tong sampah tersebut dalam pengadaannya masih kurang untuk alat tempat pembuangan sampah, karena belum setiap rumah memiliki. Dari tong sampah yang tersedia dalam rumah tangga, ada sebagian masyarakat yang memiliki tong sampah pemisah antara sampah anorganik dan organik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 142,
"width": 452,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan kebanyakan masyarakat yaitu 68 % hanya memiliki satu tong sampah biasa yangterdapat di depan rumah warga Nagari Saok Laweh, bukan tong sampah pemisah antara organik dan anorganik. Dengan adanya pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga sudah otomatis bahwa sampah tersebut harus dipisah antara organik dan anorganik, sehingga pengadaan alat berupa tong sampah sebagai penunjang pembuangan sampah pada tempatnya harus sudah mencukupi karena sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakatnya, tetapi pada kenyataanya pengadaan tong sampah pada Nagari Saok Laweh saat ini masih sangat kurang keberadaannya. Keberadaanya tersebut pun dapat dikatakan mewakili dari beberapa rumah, artinya pada setiap rumah tidak memiliki tong sampah terpisah antara tong sampah organik dan tong sampah anorganik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 280,
"width": 452,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sarana pengangkutan sampah juga belum dilaksanakan dengan baik, karena kegiatan pengangkutan sampah belum secara rutin dilakukan sehingga sering menumpuk. Seharusnya pengangkutan sampah Nagari Saok Laweh dilakukan secara rutin agar tidak terjadinya penumpukan sampah yang terdapat di tong sampah pada setiap jorong. Pengangkutan sampah di Nagari Saok Laweh dilakukan setiap 1 minggu sekali menggunakan motor tosa, motor tosa disediakan oleh pemerintah setiap kampung 1 tong agar memudahkan pengangkutan sampah secara rutin.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 377,
"width": 449,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sampah yang di angkut menggunakan pengangkutan di bawa ketempat pembuangan terpadu untuk dikelola, pembuangan terpadu tersebut terdapat di nagari singkarak yang berbatasan langsung dengan Nagari Saok Laweh. Ada pula sebagaian kecil masyarakatnya yang tidak mengetahui bahwa sampah di angkut ke pembuangan sampah terpadu. Tetapi secara garis besar masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh lebih banyak mengetahui bahwa sampah tersebut diangkut secara rutin ketempat pembuangan sampah terpadu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 460,
"width": 286,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.5.Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Sampah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 474,
"width": 450,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah merupakan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam proses-proses pengelolaan sampah mulai dari diri sendiri, yang dapat dilakukan secara langsung berarti masyarakat aktif menyumbangkan tenaga dalam proses pengelolaan sampah, seperti pemakaian bahan yang masih dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi sampah, memilah sampah, mengangkut ke tempat pembuangan sementara memanfaatkan sampah kembali, dan mengikuti kegiatan kebersihan lingkungan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 557,
"width": 450,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sampah organik termasuk sampah yang mudah diuraikan oleh bakteri pengurai dengan proses alami dan berlangsung dengan cepat. Sedangkan Sampah Anorganik adalah sampah yang tidak dapat diperbaharui lagi serta sampah yang berasal dari proses industri. Pada Nagari Saok Laweh yang terdiri dari 3 Jorong mayoritas masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga masih sedikit kurang mengerti dalam pemisahan sampah organik dan anorganik. Karena faktor pendidikan masyarakatnya masih rendah dan tidak adanya suatu pengarahan tertentu dalam pemisahan sampah organik maupun anorganik. Namun di sisi lain masyarakatnya juga masih ada sebagian yang mengerti tentang pemisahan sampah organik dan anorganik . Menurut fakta yang kami lihat dilapangan masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga baik sampah organik maupun anorganik hanya dijadikan dalam satu wadah plastik dan tidak adanya pembedaan bak sampah antara sampah organik dan anorganik jadi masyarakatmya tidak memiliki keinginan ingin tahu tentangpembedaan sampah organik dan anorganik disampah nya di buang dalam bank sampah sementara hanya di jadikan satu saja.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 750,
"width": 449,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin meningkat maka semakin bertambah pula nilai konsumtif masyarakatnya sehingga mengakibatkan meningkatnya pemakaiankantung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 31,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 31,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 791,
"width": 474,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "144 | Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus di Nagari Saok Laweh Kecamatan Kubung) (Hane Johan)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 60,
"width": 449,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "plastik yang digunakan untukberbelanja yang pada akhirnya akan menambah volume sampah rumah tangga. Kurangnya fasilitas bank sampah di Nagari Saok Laweh mengakibatkan sebagian masyarakatnya sulit untuk membuang sampah ke tempat penampungan sampah sementara.Karena bank sampah hanya ada di pinggiran jalan umum. Sedangkan masyarakat Nagari Sawok Laweh cenderung letak perumahannya berlapis, jadi bagi yang rumahnya berada dbelakang cenderung tidak membuang sampahketempat pembuangan sampah sementara karenajaraknya lumayan jauh dan mereka memilihuntuk dibakar. Dari data yang kami peroleh dilapangan, petugas pengangkutan sampah dari bank sampah sementara ke tempat pembuangan sampah akhir hanya mengambil dari banksampah sementara.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 184,
"width": 449,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat desaKarang Intan tentang pemanfaatan barang bekasyang masih bisa digunakan untuk dijadikan barang kerajinan, kerajinan tangan dari barangbekas merupakan salah satu cara untukmengolah sampah yang ada dilingkungan sekitarsupaya volume sampah yang dihasilkan olehrumah tangga setiap harinya berkurang. Bentuk lain partisipasi masyarakatdalam pengelolaan sampah adalah kegiatanbersih desa seperti kerja bakti atau gotong royong. Masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh seringmelakukan kerja bakti atau gotong royong dilingkungan desanya, kegiatan ini dirasa sangatbesar manfaatnya bagi masyarakat karena akanmeningkatkan nilai solidaritas, kekeluargaan,kebersamaan juga menciptakan lingkungan yang bersih. Kekompakan dan kekeluargaan warga masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh sangat erat karena saling memiliki kesadaran akan pentingnya gotong royong untuk menjagalingkungan sekitarnya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 349,
"width": 105,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 363,
"width": 467,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik masyarakat, secara umum karakteristik masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh dari segi pendidikan rata-rata lulusan SD yaitu sebanyak 36,4 %, sedangkan lulusan SLTP sebanyak 29%, lulusan SLTA 23,5% sedangkan sarjana sebanyak 3,5%. Dari segi pendidikan bisa disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat Nagari Saok Laweh masih rendah. Sementara pekerjaan pokok penduduk di dominasi petani, swasta, dan pedagang. Pengalaman dalam pengelolaan sampah dilingkungan, kegiatan-kegiatan yang ada dalam pengelolaan sampah itu sebagian besar pernah dialami atau dilakukan oleh responden, kegiatan yang mendominasi dari semua kegiatan-kegiatan yang adea adalah memindahkan sampah-sampah ke TPS, dan kerja bakti membersihkan lingkungan artinya kegiatan yang mendominasi tersebut menunjukan bahwa masyarakat mempunyai kesadaran baik itu secara langsung atau tidak langsung untuk menjaga lingkungan agar tetap asri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 515,
"width": 470,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peran pemerintah dan tokoh masyarakat, 64 % dari responden masyarakat mengakui bahwa adanya peran yang sangat penting dari tokoh masyakat setempat, sedangkan 36% masyarakat mengungkapkan tidak adanya peran dari pemerintah baik itu dalam hal pemberian sosialisai/ pelatihan bagaimana cara mengelola sampah yang baik. Sarana prasarana pengelolaan sampah, 58% dari responden menyatakan bahwa sarana prasarana pengelolaan sampah Di Nagari Saok Laweh masih kurang, dah sisanya 32% beranggapan bahwa sarana prasarana sudah cukup hal ini dikarenakan masyarakat yang menjawab tersebut, berada dimuka – muka jalan yang terdapat bak – bak sampah. 10% dari responden tidak ada memberikan jawaban. Persepsi terhadap pengelolaan sampah, 78% masyarakat mengungkapkan kesetujuanya terhadap cara – cara yang baik dalam pengelolaan sampah agar baik, dan 14% yang cukup memberikan dukungannya terhadap pengelaan sampah, dan 6% memberikan tanggapan yang kurang setuju dengan alasan pengeloaan itu sulit untuk dilakukan. Partisipasi terhadap pengelolaan sampah seccara langsung, 54% responden tidak melaksanakan kegiatan – kegiatan secara langsung untuk menelola lingkungan, dan 16% jaran melakukan, dan sebagian 7% responden cukup sering dan 16% sering melakukan kegiatan pengelolaan sampah, dan 7% tidak ada responden.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 736,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 750,
"width": 467,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abdurachman M. 1988. Geografi Perilaku:Suatu Pengantar Studi Tentang Persepsi Lingkungan . Jakarta (ID): P2LPTK.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 31,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 31,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 791,
"width": 474,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "145 | Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus di Nagari Saok Laweh Kecamatan Kubung) (Hane Johan)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 467,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budiman RA, Saam Z, Thamrin. 2013. Partisipasi dan persepsi masyarakat dalam upaya menjaga mengelola lingkungan hidup dan mempertahankan predikat kota bersih. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan [Internet]. [diunduh 2021 Oktober 9].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 101,
"width": 467,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Candra I. 2012. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga (Studi kasus di Kelurahan Siantan Tengah Kecamatan Pontianak Utara). Sociodev-Jurnal Ilmu Sosiatri [internet]. [diunduh 2013 oktober 9]; 1(1):1-21. Tersedia pada: http://jurnalmahasiswa . fisip.untan.ac.id/index.php/jurnalsosiat ri/article/view/140. [DPU] Dinas Pekerjaan Umum. 2007. Pedoman Umum 3R Berbasis Masyarakat di Kawasan Pemukiman. Jakarta (ID): Direktorat Pengembangan PenyehatanLingkungan Pemukiman.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 184,
"width": 467,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Harihanto. 2001. Persepsi, Sikap, dan Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Air Sungai (Kasus: Di DAS Kaligarang, Jawa Tengah) [disertasi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 211,
"width": 466,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koentjaraningrat. 1991. Metode-Metode Penelitian Masyarakat. Jakarta (ID): Gramedia.Muchtar T. 1998. Hubungan karakteristik elit formal dan elit informal desa dengan persepsi dan tingkat partisipasi mereka dalam program P3DT di Kabupaten Sukabumi [tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 267,
"width": 467,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 81 Tahun 2012 Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Rumah Tangga . 15 Oktober 2012. Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indoenesia Tahun 2012 Nomor 5347. Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 308,
"width": 467,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Riani. 2014. Bank Sampah di Kota Tangerang Belum Maksimal [Internet]. [diunduh 2021 Oktober 13].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 336,
"width": 466,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rianse U, Abdi. 2009. Metodologi Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi . Jakarta (ID): Alfabeta. Sarwono SW. 1995. Psikologi Lingkungan . Jakarta (ID): Grasindo & Program Pascasarjana Prodi Psikologi UI.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 377,
"width": 467,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumardjo. 2009. Teknologi partisipatif pengembangan masyarakat. Modul Kuliah . Departemen Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat. Fakultas Ekologi Manusia. Institut Pertanian Bogor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 419,
"width": 467,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 Pengelolaan Sampah . 7 Mei 2008. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2008 Nomor 69.Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 446,
"width": 467,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yolarita E. 2011. Pengelolaan sampah dengan prinsip 3R di Kota Solok [tesis]. Bandung (ID):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 460,
"width": 297,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Padjajaran. [Internet]. [diunduh 2021 Oktober 2].",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
c233d57a-90b9-61dc-ba41-2d2b21e0838d | https://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/tapalkuda/index.php/lantabur/article/download/4359/3134 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 74,
"width": 406,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TEORI PERTUKARAN (NATURAL CERTAINTY CONTRACT) DAN TEORI PERCAMPURAN (NATURAL UNCERTAINTY CONTRACTS)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 113,
"width": 30,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oleh:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 129,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nur Azizah Assaalimah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 144,
"width": 359,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Miftahul Huda Al Azhar Banjar, Jawa Barat [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 193,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 207,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Introduction/Main Objective: This study aims to determine the theory of exchange (natural certainty contracts) and the theory of mixing (natural uncertainty contracts). Background problems: the theory of exchange (natural certainty contracts) and the theory of mixing (natural uncertainty contracts) are basic concepts in a transaction muamalah, especially in transactions in Islamic banking.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 276,
"width": 457,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Therefore, a deeper understanding of the concepts of exchange theory and mixed theory in Islamic economics is needed first before discussing Islamic banking (real sector based banking). Research Methods: This type of research is included in the category of library research, using a qualitative approach.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 331,
"width": 457,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Findings/Results: Judging from the level of certainty of the results that will be obtained, the tijarah contract can be divided into two, namely in terms of the theory of exchange (natural certainty contract) and in terms of mixed theory (natural uncertainty contracts). Conclusion: when talking about Islamic finance and banking which cannot be separated from the study of transactions that occur in the real sector, then the issue of contract is the key in these transactions. In the discussion of the contract, it can be seen from the problem of whether or not there is compensation promised by one of the parties. in this case, the contract is divided into two, namely the tabarru' contract and the tijarah contract. In the tabarru' contract, each type of agreement involves not-for-profit transactions (non-profit transactions). But in the tijarah contract, all types of contracts are included in the for profit transaction function. Judging from the level of certainty of the results to be obtained, the tijarah contract can be divided into two, namely in terms of the theory of exchange (natural certainty contracts) and in terms of the theory of mixing (natural uncertainty contracts). These two concepts are the basis in a muamalah transaction, especially in transactions in Islamic banking.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 552,
"width": 187,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Exchange; Mix; Contract.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 579,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 593,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendahuluan/Tujuan Utama: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teori pertukaran (natural certainty contracst) dan teori percampuran (natural uncertainty contracts) .Latar belakang : teori pertukaran (natural certainty contracst) dan teori percampuran (natural uncertainty contracts) merupakan konsep dasar dalam suatu transaksi muamalah, terutama didalam transaksi pada perbankan syariah. Maka diperlukan pemahaman secara lebih mendalam mengenai konsep teori pertukaran dan teori percampuran dalam ekonomi syariah terlebih dahulu sebelum membahas tentang perbankan syariah (real sector based banking).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 690,
"width": 457,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori jenis riset kepustakaan (library research), dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif.. Hasil Temuan: Dilihat dari tingkat kepastian hasil yang akan diperolehnya akad tijarah bisa dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu dari segi teori pertukaran ( natural certainty contracst ) dan dari segi teori percampuran ( natural uncertainty contracts ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 759,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan: jika berbicara tentang keuangan dan perbankan islam yang tidak lepas dari kajian tentang transaksi yang terjadi di sektor rill, maka masalah akad adalah sebagai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 457,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kunci dalam transaksi tersebut. dalam pembahasan akad bisa dilihat dari permasalahan ada atau tidaknya kompensasi yang dijanjikan oleh salah satu pihak. dalam hal ini, akad dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu akad tabarru’ dan akad tijarah.Dalam akad tabarru’, setiap macam perjanjian menyangkut not-for profit transaction (transaksi nirlaba). Tetapi dalam akad tijarah , semua jenis akad yang termasuk dalam fungsi for profit transaction . Dilihat dari tingkat kepastian hasil yang akan diperolehnya akad tijarah bisa dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu dari segi teori pertukaran ( natural certainty contracst ) dan dari segi teori percampuran ( natural uncertainty contracts ). kedua konsep tersebut merupakan dasar dalam suatu transaksi muamalah, terutama dalam transaksi pada perbankan syariah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 212,
"width": 226,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Pertukaran; Percampuran; Akad",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 258,
"width": 110,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 279,
"width": 457,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akad yang dalam pengertian bahasa Indonesia disebut kontrak, merupakan konsekuensi logis dari hubungan sosial dalam kehidupan manusia. Hubungan ini merupakah fitrah yang sudah ditakdirkan oleh Allah ketika Ia menciptakan makhluk yang bernama manusia (Jannah 2021). Karena itu ia merupakan kebutuhan sosial sejak manusia mulai mengenal arti hak milik. Islam sebagai agama yang komprehensif dan universal memberikan aturan yang cukup jelas dalam akad untuk dapat diimplementasikan dalam setiap masa. Perbankan syariah merupakan wadah yang menampung transaksi akad yang berkembang dimasyarakat itu (Buku, 2013). Akad-akad ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mencari keuntungan.Kelompok akad tijarah ini dilihat dari tingkat kepastian hasil yang akan diperolehnya bisa dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu dari segi teori pertukaran (Natural Certainty contracst) dan dari segi teori percampuran (Natural Uncertainty contracts) (Putra & Desiana, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 527,
"width": 457,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Natural certainty contracts adalah kontrak/ akad dalam bisnis yang memberikan kepastian pembayaran, bagi dari segi jumlah (amount) maupun waktu (timing)-nya (Karim 2016). Dalam Pihak-pihak yang bertransaksi saling mempertukarkan asetnya (baik real assets maupun financial assets). Jadi masing-masing pihak tetap berdiri sendiri (tidak saling bercampur membentuk usaha baru), sehingga tidak ada pertanggungan risiko bersama. Teori umum ini diberi nama teori pertukaran (the theory of exchange). Dilain pihak, natural uncertainty contracts adalah kontrak/ akad dalam bisnis yang tidak memberikan kepastiaan pendapatan (return), baik dari segi jumlah (amount) maupun waktu (timing)-nya. Dalam kontrak jenis ini, pihak-pihak yang saling berinvestasi saling mencampurkan asetnya (baik real assets maupun financial assets) menjadi satu kesatuaan, dan kemudian menanggung resiko bersama-sama untuk mendapatkan keuntungan (Islam, 2017). Di sini, keuntungan dan kerugian ditanggung bersama dengan sebuah teori umum, yang diberi nama teori",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 255,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "percampuran (the theory of venture). (Karim, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 95,
"width": 457,
"height": 321,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karena transaksi dalam sektor riil melibatkan pertukaran dan juga percampuran, antara dayn (financial assets) maupun ‘ayn (riel assets), maka kedua konsep tersebut merupakan sebagai refleksi dalam keilmuan ekonomi Islam, yang membahas tentang teori pertukaran dan percampuran dalam ekonomi Islam, yang mana harus dibahas dan diketahui terlebih dahulu sebelum memasuki pembahasan tentang perbankan syariah (real sector based banking) (Putra & Desiana, 2020) Teori pertukaran dan teori percampuran merupakan landasan teori yang digunakan untuk dapat menganalisis persoalan fiqih muamalah dalam perbankan syariah. karena perbankan syariah merupakan real sector based banking. bukan financing sector based banking. Dalam sektor riil, rnelibatkan 'Ayn dan Dayn sehingga teori pertukaran dan percampuran merupakan pilar penting. kalaupun transaksinya melibatkan dayn dan dayn. maka dayn tersebut haruslah merupakan bukti kepemilikan alas 'ayn. Semua transaksi yang dilakukan oleh seorang muslim haruslah berdasarkan prinsip suka sama suka (an taroddin minkum): dan tidak boleh ada pihak yang menzal imi dan dizalimi. Prinsip ini mempunyai implikasi yang sangat luas dalam bidang ekonomi dan bisnis termasuk dalam praktik perbankan syariah. (Nurhayati, 2008) Karena kedua konsep tersebut merupakan dasar dalam suatu transaksi muamalah, terutama dalam transaksi pada perbankan syariah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 440,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 460,
"width": 451,
"height": 322,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori jenis riset kepustakaan (library research) riset kepustakaan atau sering juga disebut studi pustaka, ialah serangkaian kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka, membaca dan mencatat serta mengolah bahan penelitian (Zed, 2008).Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif. Sebab Sumber Data dan hasil penelitian dalam penelitian kepustakaan keseluruhannya berbentuk teks deskripsi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan atau library research.Studi Kepustakaan adalah teknik pengumpulan data dengan mengadakan studi penelaahan terhadap buku-buku, literatur-literatur, catatan-catatan, dan laporan-laporan yang ada hubungannya dengan masalah yang dipecahkan (Nizar, 2017). sumber data bersifat kepustakaan atau berasal dari berbagai literatur, di antaranya buku, jurnal, surat kabar, dokumen pribadi, artikel dan lain sebagainya.) Sumber dan Jenis Data, Menurut Suharsimi Arikunto yang dimaksud dengan sumber data dalam penelitian adalah subyek darimana data dapat diperoleh. Menurut sumbernya, data penelitian digolongkan menjadi dua yaitu sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder (Arikunto, 2002, p. 102). Data primer dalam penelitian ini berupa data yang diperoleh dari elektronik buku, dan jurnal. Sedangkang data sekunder dalam penelitian ini berupa data yang diperoleh dari artikel online",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "43",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan website.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 109,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Akad",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 122,
"width": 457,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Janji (al-wa‘d) berbeda dengan perjanjian atau kontrak (al-‘aqd). Dalam kontrak terdapat pernyataan atas suatu keinginan positif dari salah satu pihak yang terlibat dan diterima oleh pihak lain dan menimbulkan akibat hukum atas objek perjanjian, serta hak dan kewajiban kepada masing-masing pihak. Adapun janji adalah “keinginan” yang dikemukakan oleh seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu, baik perbuatan maupun ucapan, dalam tujuan memberikan keuntungan bagi pihak lainnya (Sari, 2015). Kontrak bersifat mengikat (mulzim) para pelakunya, wajib dilaksanakan, baik dari segi hukum (legal formal) maupun dari pandangan agama (diyānah) ketika semua persyaratan telah terpenuhi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 288,
"width": 457,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Definisi Kontrak atau perjanjian dalam hukum perdata Islam dipanggil akad (al-Áqd), adapun secara terminologi adalah pertalian atau keterikatan antara ijāb dan qabūl sesuai dengan kehendak syariah (Allah dan Rasul-Nya) yang menimbulkan akibat hukum pada objek yang diikat”. Ijāb dan qabūl dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan ada keinginan dan kerelaan timbal balik para pihak yang terlibat dalam kontrak. Karena itu, Ijāb dan qabūl menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban atas masing-masing pihak secara timbal balik. Pencantuman kata “sesuai kehendak syariah” dalam definisi di atas, tidak dipandang sah jika tidak sesuai dengan kehendak atau peraturan-peraturan yang telah ditetapkan syar‘i(Allah dan Rasul-Nya), seperti melakukan transaksi riba.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 474,
"width": 457,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam hukum perdata Islam terdapat asas-asas kontrak yang berpengaruh pada status kontrak. Jika asas-asas itu tidak terpenuhi, kontrak yang dibuat akan batal atau menjadi tidak sah (Sari, 2015). Asas-asas yang dimaksud adalah: Kebebasan (al-ḥurriyah), Kesetaraan atau Kesamaan (al-Musāwamah), Keadilan (al-‘Adl), Kerelaan (al-Riḍā), Kejujuran (al-ṣidq), Tertulis (al-Kitābah). Suatu kontrak harus memenuhi beberapa rukun dan syarat. Rukun kontrak ialah unsur yang mesti wujud dalam sebuah kontrak. Jika salah satu rukun tidak dipenuhi, menurut hukum perdata Islam, maka kontrak tersebut dianggap tidak pernah ada atau tidak sah. Rukun dan syarat kontrak menurut mayoritas ulama adalah sebagai berikut: Ṣīghah (formulasi) ijāb dan qabūl, ‘Āqidāni (dua pihak yang melakukan akad) Dua pihak yang berakad atau melakukan kontrak, Ma‘qūd ‘alayh (objek akad) Objek kontrak, Mawḍū‘ al-‘aqd (akibat hukum akad) Konsekuensi hukum (Sari, 2015). jika berbicara tentang keuangan dan perbankan islam yang tidak lepas dari kajian tentang transaksi yang terjadi di sektor rill, maka masalah akad adalah sebagai kunci dalam transaksi tersebut. dalam pembahasan akad bisa dilihat dari permasalahan ada atau tidaknya kompensasi yang dijanjikan oleh salah satu pihak. dalam hal ini, akad dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu akad tabarru’ dan akad tijarah .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 737,
"width": 457,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam akad tabarru’ , setiap macam perjanjian menyangkut not-for profit transaction (transaksi nirlaba). Dan pada hakekatnya transaksinya ini bukan transaksi bisnis untuk mencari keuntungan komersial, tetapi hanya untuk tolong menolong, tanpa ada syarat imbalan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 457,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "apapun. Tetapi dalam akad tijarah , semua jenis akad yang termasuk dalam fungsi for profit transaction . Akad-akad ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mencari keuntungan. Kelompok tijarah ini dilihat dari tingkat kepastian hasil yang akan diperolehnya bisa dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu dari segi teori pertukaran ( natural certainty contracst ) dan dari segi teori percampuran ( natural uncertainty contracts ) (Putra & Desiana, 2020)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Teori pertukaran (natural certainty contracst)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 173,
"width": 457,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teori pertukaran adalah hukum terjadinya perpindahan hak milik seseorang kepada orang lain dengan penggantian yang pasti, baik secara tunai maupun tidak tunai. Natural Certainty contracst atau teori pertukaran adalah kontrak dalam bisnis yang memberikan kepastian pembayaran, baik dari segi jumlah maupun waktu. Dalam NCC, kedua belah pihak saling mempertukarkan aset yang dimilikinya. Oleh karena itu, objek pertukarannya baik barang maupun jasa, harus ditetapkan di awal akad dengan pasti, baik jumlahnya ( Quantity ), mutunya ( Quality ), harganya ( price ), maupun waktu penyerahannya ( time of delivery ). Maka terdapat dua pilar dalam teori pertukaran ini, yaitu objek pertukaran dan waktu pertukaran. dibedakannya waktu pertukaran tersebut, yaitu naqdan ( Immediate delivery ) yang berarti penyerahaan saat itu juga, dan ghairu naqdan ( Deferred delivery ) yang berarti penyerahan kemudian. dalam teori pertukaran ini dapat dicontohkan pada jual beli barang, jasa, dan jual beli sistem utang piutang. dan dapat dicontohkan dalam akad jual beli seperti al-bai’ naqdan , al-bai’ muajjal , murabahah , salam , istishna’ . dan juga dalam akad sewa-menyewa seperti akad ijarah , imbt, dan ju’alah . Menurut (wiyono, 2006) natural certainty contract dalam perekonomian syariah meliputi beberapa hal, antara lain:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 483,
"width": 138,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Akad bai’ (akad jual beli)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 498,
"width": 108,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Bai’ al-murabahah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 512,
"width": 84,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Bai’ as-salam",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 527,
"width": 95,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Bai’ al-istishna’",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 544,
"width": 200,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Ijarah dan ijarah muntahiyah bitamliik",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 559,
"width": 41,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Sharf",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 574,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Barter",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 589,
"width": 450,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam kontrak jenis ini, kedua pihak yang bertransaksi saling mempertukarkan assetnya namun tidak ada percampuran asset diantara masing-masing pihak sehingga tidak ada pertanggungan resiko bersama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 633,
"width": 245,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b.1 Obyek Pertukaran Dan Waktu Pertukaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 647,
"width": 450,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Firlani Septiana, 2016) Pertukaran atau dalam praktek biasanya pelaksanaannya terdapat rukun dan syarat yang harus dipenuhi yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 675,
"width": 82,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Pihak-pihak",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 690,
"width": 449,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yaitu para pihak yang melakukan akad (penjual dan pembeli, penyewa dan yang menyewakan, karyawan dan majikan, dan sebagainya)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 719,
"width": 107,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Objek pertukaran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 735,
"width": 449,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Merupakan sebuah yang harus ada dengan dilakukannya suatu transaksi tertentu. Terdiri atas benda yang berwujud maupun yang tidak berwujud, yang bergerak maupun yang tidak, yang terdaftar maupun tidak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "45",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 75,
"width": 144,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Kesepakatan / ijab qabul.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 90,
"width": 450,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesepakatan dapat dilakukan dengan tulisan, lisan dan isyarat. Jika terjadi perubahan akad, maka akad terakhir yang dinyatakan berlaku.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 120,
"width": 245,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b.2 Obyek Pertukaran Dan Waktu Pertukaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 134,
"width": 450,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam hal pertukaran suatu perekonomian dan bisnis maka akan melibatkan dua hal pokok untuk terjadinya pertukaran yaitu adanya obyek pertukaran dan waktu pertukaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 164,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Obyek Pertukaran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 179,
"width": 382,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Obyek pertukaran pada dasarnya terdiri atas dua macam, yaitu sebagai berikut:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 191,
"width": 313,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. ‘Ayn (Real Asset = harta nyata ) yaitu berupa barang dan jasa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 208,
"width": 470,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Dayn (financial asset = harta keuangan) yaitu harta yang memiliki nilai finansial seperti uang dan surat-surat berharga.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 238,
"width": 456,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Objek pertukaran atau yang akan diperjual belikan juga memiliki syarat yang tercantum dalam KHES Buku II pasal 76 antara lain",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 267,
"width": 246,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Barang yang diperjualbelikan harus sudah ada",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 282,
"width": 279,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Barang yang diperjualbelikan harus dapat diserahkan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 297,
"width": 445,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Barang yang diperjualbelikan harus berupa barang yang memiliki nilai/harga tertentu",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 312,
"width": 221,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Barang yang diperjualbelikan harus halal",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 327,
"width": 308,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e. Barang yang diperjualbelikan harus diketahui oleh pembeli",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 342,
"width": 302,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "f. Kekhususan barang yang diperjualbelikan harus diketahui",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 357,
"width": 449,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "g. Penunjukan dianggap memenuhi syarat kekhususan barang yang diperjualbelikan apabila barang itu ada ditempat jual beli",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 386,
"width": 449,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "h. Sifat barang yang dapat diketahui secara langsung oleh pembeli tidak memerlukan penjelasan lebih lanjut",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 416,
"width": 450,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "i. Barang yang dijual harus ditentukan secara pasti pada waktu akad. Syarat pada objek jual beli tersebut juga diterapkan untuk menentukan objek pertukaran yang lain.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 461,
"width": 103,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Waktu pertukaran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 475,
"width": 394,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (sigit, 2017)Waktu pertukaran pada dasarnya terdiri atas dua jenis, yaitu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 490,
"width": 470,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Naqdan (immediate delivery = penyerahan segera), adalah kondisi pertukaran dimana waktu pertukaran dilakukan secara tunai atau segera atau sekarang (present)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 520,
"width": 470,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Ghairu Naqdan (deferred delivery = penyerahan tangguh), adalah kondisi pertukaran dimana waktu pertukarannya dilakukan dimasa yang akan datang atau ditangguhkan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 550,
"width": 457,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut ( Mardani, 2013) Dari segi objek pertukaran, dapat diidentifikasi tiga jenis pertukaran, yaitu:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 577,
"width": 252,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Real asset (‘ayn) ditukar dengan real asset (‘ayn)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 592,
"width": 311,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Real asset (‘ayn) dipertukarkan dengan financial asset (dayn)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 609,
"width": 338,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Financial asset (dayn) dipertukarkan dengan financial asset (dayn).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 624,
"width": 457,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam akuntansi islam, prinsip yang paling utama yang menjadi pegangan adalah prinsip pertanggungjawaban, keadilan, transparan, dan kejujuran. Dalam sistem akuntansi, jika tidak dilandasi oleh kejujuran dan transparansi maka disana akan terjadi rekayasa dan kecurangan. Jika tidak dilandasi keadilan, akan dengan mudah terjadi penzaliman terhadap hak-hak pihak-pihak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 698,
"width": 457,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Nurhayati, 2008)Dari segi objek pertukaran, dapat diidenfikasi tiga jenis pertukarn, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 723,
"width": 268,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Pertukaran real asset ( ‘ayn ) dengan real asset ( ‘ayn )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 737,
"width": 457,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam pertukaran ‘ayn dengan ‘ayn , bila jenisnya berbeda (misalnya upah tenaga kerja yang dibayar dengan sejumlah beras), maka tidak ada masalah atau dibolehkan. Namun bila",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "46",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 457,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "jenisnya sama, fiqh membedakan antara real asset yang secara kasat mata dapat dibedakan mutunya dengan real asset yang secara kasat mata tidak dapat dibedakan mutunya. Pada contohnya, pertukaran kuda dengan kuda diperbolehkan karena secara kasat mata dapat dibedakan mutunya. Sedangkan pertukaran gandum dengan gandum dilarang karena secara kasat mata tidak dapat dibedakan mutunya.Satu-satunya kondisi yang membolehkan pertukaran antara yang sejenis dan secara kasat mata tidak dapat dibedakan mutunya adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 198,
"width": 212,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Sawa-an bi sawa-in (sama jumlahnya)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 212,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Mistlan bi mistlin (sama mutunya)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 226,
"width": 240,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Yadan bi yadin (sama waktu penyerahannya)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 237,
"width": 478,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Pertukaran real asset ( ‘ayn ) dengan financial asset ( ‘dayn ) Pertukaran 'Ayn dengan Dayn yaitu pertukaran barang atau jasa dengan uang atau surat berharga. Dalam pertukaran ini, maka yang dibedakan adalah jenis \"ayn-nya. Jika jenis 'oyn- nya barang rnaka disebut jual beli ( At-Bat's, sedangkan jika jenis 'ayn-nya jasa disebut sewa- menyewa (Al-ljarah) . Dari segi pembayarannya Islam membolehkan jual beli dilakukan secara tunai (Now for now! Bat ' Naqdan ). secara tangguh bayar ( Deffered paymen/Bai ' Muajjal) dan secara tangguh serah (Deffered delivery I Bai ' Sa/am ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 378,
"width": 478,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Pertukaran financial asset ( dayn ) dengan financial asset ( dayn ) Dalam pertukaran dayn dengan dayn , dibedakan antara dayn yang berupa uang dengan dayn yang tidak berupa uang (surat berharga), dalam hal ini uang yang digunakan adalah yang berlaku pada saat ini, yaitu uang kartal yang terdiri dari uang kertas dan uang logam. Yang membedakan uang dan surat berharga adalah uang dinyatakan sebagai alat bayar resmi oleh pemerintah, sehingga setiap warga Negara wajib menerima uang sebagai alat bayar. Sedangkan akseptasi surat berharga hanya terbatas bagi mereka yang mau menerimanya.Pertukaran uang dengan uang dibedakan menjadi pertukaran uang yang sejenis dan pertukaran uang yang tidak sejenis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 457,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertukaran uang yang sejenis hanya dibolehkan bila memenuhi syarat sawa-an bi sawa- in ( same quantity ) dan yadan bi yadin ( same time of delivery ). Sebagai contoh pertukaran satu lembar uang pecahan Rp 10.000 dengan 10 lembar uang pecahan Rp 1000, harus dilakukan penyerahannya pada saat yang sama.Pertukaran uang yang tidak sejenis hanya dibolehkan bila memenuhi syarat yadan bi yadin ( same time of delivery ). Pertukaran uang yang tidak sejenis disebut sharaf ( money changer ). Sebagai contoh pertukaran USD 100 dengan Rp. 1.448.725.00, harus dilakukan penyerahannya pada saat yang sama, karena jika pada waktu yang berbeda, maka nilai tukar uang tersebut sudah berubah.Jual beli surat berharga ( bai’ al dayn bi al dayn ) dapat dibedakan yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 741,
"width": 471,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Penjualan kepada si pengutang ( bai’ al dayn lil madin, sale of debt to the debtor ), yang dapat dibedakan lagi menjadi dua, yaitu:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "47",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 74,
"width": 466,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Hutang yang pasti pembayarannya ( confirmed, mustaqir ). Bagi madzhab Hanbali dan Zahiri, transaksi ini boleh.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 102,
"width": 466,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Hutang yang tidak pasti pembayarannya ( unconfirmed, ghairu mustaqir ). Transaksi ini terlarang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 127,
"width": 478,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Penjualan kepada pihak ketiga ( bai’ al dayn lil ghairu madin, sale of debt to third party ) yang dapat dibedakan lagi, yaitu:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 157,
"width": 463,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Kebayakan ulama madzhab Hanafi dan Syafi‟i, beberapa ulama Hanbali dan Zahiri secara tegas tidak membolehkan hal ini.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 184,
"width": 463,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Ibnu Taimiyah membolehkannya bila utangnya adalah utang yang pasti pembayarannya ( confirmed, mustaqir )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 213,
"width": 266,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b.3 Penyerahan dan Pengikatan Objek Pertukaran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 227,
"width": 457,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dikutip dari (Firlani Septiana, 2016) mengenai bagaimana penyerahan dan Pengikatan Objek pada Pertukaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 269,
"width": 86,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Penyerahan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 283,
"width": 443,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Objek akad disyaratkan harus dapat diserahkan apabila objek tersebut berupa barang seperti dalam akad jual beli, atau dapat dinikmati atau dapat diambil manfaatnya apabila objek itu berupa manfaat benda seperti dalam sewa-menyewa benda. Apabila objek akada berupa suatu perbuatan seperti mengajar, malukis, mengerjakan suatu pekerjaan maka pekerjaan itu harus mungkin dan dapat dilaksanakan.Setelah akad dilakukan, para pihak wajib memenuhi kewajibannya.Tata cara penyerahan tergantung pada sifat, jenis atau kondisi barang tersebut dan juga wajib memperhatikan kebiasaan dan kepatutan dalam masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 450,
"width": 443,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam sistem jual beli, dalam pembayaran tunai, penjual berhak menahan barang sampai pembeli membayar keseluruhan harga yang disepakati.Barang yang sudah dijual melalui akad tanpa syarat diserahkan pada tempat barang itu berada pada saat jual beli berlangsung. Apabila barang yang dijual itu rusak ketika masih berada pada tanggungan penjual sebelum diserahkan pada pembeli maka kerugian ditanggung penjual begitu pula sebaliknya.Sistem penyerahan ini merupakan penyerahan pada proses jual beli, tapi untuk akad pertukaran tata cara ini memang berlaku. Lebih jelas dan lengkapnya terdapat dalam pasal 81-90 KHES.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 617,
"width": 83,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Pengikatan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 632,
"width": 457,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akad pertukaran yang sah dan mengikat berakibat berpindahnya hak pada objek pertukaran. Dan akad pertukaran yang batal tidak mengakibatkan berpindahnya hak pada objek pertukaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 692,
"width": 97,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b.4 Dasar Hukum",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 706,
"width": 373,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dasar hukum dari akad - akad dalam teori pertukaran adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 721,
"width": 218,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Jual Beli Dasar hukum Jual Beli dalam Al Qur’an",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "48",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 72,
"width": 382,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. “Hai orang-orang yang beriman janganlah kamu makan harta sesamamu dengan jalan yang bathil, kecuali dengan jalan perniagaan yang berlaku dengan suka sama suka diantara kamu” (QS. An-Nisa : 29).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 117,
"width": 375,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. “Allah telah menghalalkan jual beli dan mengharamkan riba” (QS. Al- Baqarah : 275).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 164,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dasar hukum Jual Beli dalam Al Hadist",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 176,
"width": 379,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Nabi bersabda: ”Suatu ketika Nabi SAW, ditanya tentang mata pencarian yang paling baik. Beliau menjawab, ’Seseorang bekerja dengan tangannya dan setiap jual beli yang mabrur.” (HR. Bajjar, Hakim yang menyahihkannya dari Rifa’ah Ibn Rafi’). Maksud mabrur dalam hadist adalah jual beli yang terhindar dari usaha tipu-menipu dan merugikan orang lain.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 268,
"width": 218,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Ijarah Dasar hukum Jual Beli dalam Al Qur’an",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 295,
"width": 382,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. “Dan jika kamu ingin anakmu disusukan oleh orang lain, maka tidak dosa bagimu apabila kamu memberikan pembayaran menurut yang patut.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 327,
"width": 357,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bertaqwalah kamu kepada Allah dan ketahuilah bahwa Allah Maha Melihat apa yang kamu kerjakan“. (QS. Al-Baqarah : 233)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 355,
"width": 379,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. “Kemudian jika mereka menyusukan (anak-anak) mu untukmu maka berikanlah kepada mereka upahnya.” (QS. Ath-Talaq : 6)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 402,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dasar hukum Jual Beli dalam Al Hadist",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 417,
"width": 379,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Dari Urwah bin Zubair bahwa sesungguhnya Aisyah ra.istri Nabi berkat: Rasulullah dan Abu Bakar menyewa seorang laki-laki dari suku Bani Ad- Dayl, penunjuk jalan yang mahir, dan ia masih memeluk agama orang kafir Quraisy. Nabi dan Abu Bakar kemudian menyerahkan kepadanya kendaraan mereka, dan mereka berdua menjanjikan kepadanya untuk bertemu di Gua Tsaur dengan kendaraan mereka setelah tiga hari pada pagi hari Selasa . (HR. Al-Bukhari)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 520,
"width": 379,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Dari Ibnu Abbas, ia berkata: Nabi, berbekam dan beliau memberikan kepada tukang bekam itu upahnya. (HR. Al-Bukhari)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 548,
"width": 435,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Dari Ibnu ‘Umar, ia berkata: Rasulullah, bersabda: Berikanlah kepada tenaga kerja itu upahnya sebelum keringatnya kering . (HR. Ibnu Majah) c. Teori percampuran (natural uncertainty contract)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 593,
"width": 413,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Natural uncertainty contracts / NUC atau akad percampuran adalah akad dalam bisnis yang tidak memberikan kepastian pendapatan (return), baik dari segi jumlah (amount) maupun waktu (timing). Tingkat return-nya bisa positif, negatif, atau nol. Percampuran berarti kerjasama atau as-syirkah. Akad percampuran ialah akad yang mencampurkan asset menjadi satu kesatuan dan kemudian kedua belah pihak menanggung risiko dari kegiatan usaha yang dilakukan dan membagi keuntungan/pendapatan sesuai kesepakatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 738,
"width": 413,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dilihat berdasarkan objek percampurannya, dapat dibedakan menjadi percampuran :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 765,
"width": 282,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Percampuran real asset (‘ayn) dengan real asset (‘ayn)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "49",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 74,
"width": 391,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bentuk percampuran ini disebut dengan syirkah abdan . Syirkah abdan adalah perkongsian atau kerjasama di dalam pekerjaan bukan dalam harta benda(Faisal dkk, 2014). percampuran antara 'ayn dan 'ayn dapat terjadi. misalnya pada kasus dimana secrang tukang kayu bekerja sarna dengan tukang batu untuk membangun sebuah rumah, dimana baik tukang kayu maupun tukang batu menyumbangkan tenaganya dan mencarnpurkan jasa mereka untuk membuat usaha bersama yaitu membangun rumah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 190,
"width": 306,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Percampuranreal asset (‘ayn ) dengan financial asset ( dayn )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 206,
"width": 149,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "'ayn dengan dayn. terdiri atas :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 223,
"width": 389,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. syirkoh mudharabah, dalam kasus ini terjadi ketika seorang pemilik modal A yang bertindak sebagai penyamdang dana memberikan sejumlah dana tertentu kepada sesorang yang memiliki kecakapan bisnis untuk modal usaha,jadi A memberikan dananya sedangkan B menyurnbangkan jasanya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 289,
"width": 391,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. syirkah wujuh, dalam kasus ini terjadi ketika seorang pemilik modal A memberikan sejumlah dana untuk modal usaha dan B menyumbangkan reputasi nama baiknya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 339,
"width": 413,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Percampuran financial asset (dayn) dengan financial asset (dayn). dalam percampuran dayn dengan dayn, terdiri atas :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 372,
"width": 391,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. syirkuh mufawadhah, percampuran dapat merupakan kombinasi uang dengan uang dalam jumlah yang sarna",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 405,
"width": 423,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. syirkah 'inan. percampuran ini merupakan percampuran antar surat berharga.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 439,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c.1 Syarat Percampuran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 454,
"width": 318,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setiap akad percampuran harus memenuhi syarat sebagai berikut:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 469,
"width": 390,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Masing-masing pihak yang berserikat berwenang melakukan tindakan hukum atas nama persekutuan dengan izin pihak yang lain. Segala akibat dari tindakan tersebut, baik keuntungan maupun kerugian ditanggung secara bersama-sama;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 528,
"width": 390,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Sistem pembagian keuntungan harus ditetapkan secara jelas, baik dari segi nisbah (%) maupun periode pembagiannya, misalnya 60% : 40%, 30% : 70%, dalam periode per triwulan atau pertahun dan lain-lain sesuai kesepakatan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 587,
"width": 389,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Sebelum dilakukan pembagian seluruh keuntungan merupakan milik bersama. Tidak boleh sejumlah keuntungan tertentu yang dihasilkan salah satu pihak dipandang sebagai keuntungannya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 632,
"width": 391,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teori percampuran terdiri dari 2 (dua) pilar, yaitu objek percampuran. Sebagaimana dalam teori pertukaran, fiqh juga membedakan 2 (dua) jenis objek percampuran, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 674,
"width": 221,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) ‘Ayn ( real asset ) berupa barang dan jasa;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 691,
"width": 381,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Dayn ( financial asset ) berupa uang dan surat berharga ( Mardani, 2013). Dari segi waktunya, fiqh juga membedakan 2 (dua) waktu percampuran, yaitu:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 721,
"width": 317,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Naqdan ( immediate delivery ) yakni penyerahan saat itu juga;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 736,
"width": 332,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Ghairu naqdan ( deferred delivery ) yakni penyerahan kemudian.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 751,
"width": 231,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c.2 Prinsip dan Dasar Hukum Percampuran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "50",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 74,
"width": 387,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Faisal dkk, 2014) Percampuran atau syirkah memiliki syarat- syarat dalam pelaksanaannya dan di antara syarat umum syirkah , yakni:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 114,
"width": 390,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Adanya akad (kesepakatan) dalam izin berniaga ( tasharruf ) dari kedua belah pihak yang bersekutu atau berkerjasama. Menurut pendapat yang lebih shahih dari madzhab Syafi'i, jika hanya kesepakatan mencampur harta benda tanpa adanya kesepakan berniaga, maka akad tidak sah;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 173,
"width": 390,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Kedua belah pihak harus mempunyai kecakapan hukum ( ahl al-tasharruf ). Sebab pada hakikatnya mereka berdua adalah muwaki l (orang yang mewakilkan) dalam hartanya masing-masing dan wakil dalam memperdagangkan harta orang lain;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 233,
"width": 390,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Harta benda yang dicampur merupakan harta benda yang sama jenisnya ( mitsliy ) seperti mata uang atau bahan mentah lainya seperti beras atau gandum. Namun menurut pendapat lain, akad al-syirkah hanya khusus pada mata uang. Bercampurnya harta benda sedemikian rupa sehingga tidak dapat dibedakan antara harta satu dengan yang lain. Untuk itu, harta benda yang dijadikan perkongsian diwajibkan harus yang sama jenisnya ( mitsliy ).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 173,
"top": 322,
"width": 371,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Percampuran harta benda harus dilakukan sebelum dilaksanakannya perjanjian (akad). Percampuran harta benda setelah dilakukannya perjanjian, menurut pendapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 173,
"top": 352,
"width": 369,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang lebih shahih ( al-ashah ) dalam madzhab Syafi'iyyah tidak dapat dibenarkan (tidak sah). Namun menurut Abu Hanifah, percampuran harta secara fisik tidak disyaratkan. Bagi yang berserikat cukup menyatakan dalam perjanjian (akad) bahwa mereka telah sepakat berkongsi bersama meskipun harta mereka masih dalam pegangan masing-masing.;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 441,
"width": 389,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Kedua belah pihak mempunyai hak yang sama dalam pengalokasian harta benda, dengan syarat tidak ada unsur merugikan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 470,
"width": 390,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5) Prosentase pembagian keuntungan masing-masing pihak yang berserikat jelas. Keuntungan dan kerugian ditanggung bersama-sama sesuai dengan kadar modal masing-masing. Dalam akad syirkah 'inan , harta benda yang dibuat modal tidak disyaratkan sama jumlah dan kadarnya, hanya saja tentang masalah keuntungan atau kerugian ditanggung sesuai dengan prosentase modal masing-masing.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 595,
"width": 388,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain prinsip umum di atas, terdapat persyaratan khusus pada macam- macam syirkah tertentu, sebagaimana berikut ini:(Masadi, 2002)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 625,
"width": 206,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Persyaratan khusus syirkah al-amwal :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 637,
"width": 367,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Modal ( ra’s al-mal ) perserikatan harus diserahkan dengan tunai, tidak boleh berupa hutang atau jaminan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 681,
"width": 368,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Modal syirkah haruslah berupa al-tsaman (harga tukar) seperti dinar, dirham, atau mata uang tertentu yang berlaku. Tidak boleh modal syirkah berupa barang dagangan atau komoditas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 726,
"width": 224,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Persyaratan khusus syirkah mufawadhah :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 741,
"width": 371,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Masing-masing pihak harus berhak menjadi wakil bagi mitra serikatnya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "51",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 74,
"width": 367,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Syirkah ini dibentuk berdasarkan asas persamaan, dalam hal komposisi modal, posisi kerja dan juga dalam hal prosentase keuntungan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 116,
"width": 223,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Persyaratan khusus syirkah mudharabah :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 132,
"width": 339,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Masing-masing pihak memenuhi persyaratan kecakapan wakalah ;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 144,
"width": 368,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Modal ( ra’s al-mal ) harus jelas jumlahnya, berupa tsaman (harga tukar) tidak berupa barang dagangan, dan harus tunai dan diserahkan seluruhnya kepada pihak pengusaha;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 190,
"width": 368,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Prosentase keuntungan dan periode pembagian keuntungan harus dinyatakan secara jelas berdasarkan kesepakatan bersama. Sebelum dilakukan pembagian, seluruh keuntungan menjadi milik bersama;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 253,
"width": 368,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Pengusaha berhak sepenuhnya atas pengelolaan modal tanpa campur tangan pihak pemodal. Sekalipun demikian pada awal transaksi pihak pemodal berhak menetapkan garis-garis besar kebijakan pengelolaan modal;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 313,
"width": 367,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e. Kerugian atas modal ditanggung sepenuhnya oleh pihak pemodal. Sedangkan pihak pekerja atau pengusaha sama sekali tidak menanggungnya, melainkan ia menanggung kerugian pekerjaan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 357,
"width": 355,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c.3 Dasar Hukum Syirkah Dasar hukum musyarakah atau syirkah berdasarkah Al-Qur’an ialah:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 384,
"width": 390,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Al-Qur’an surat An-Nisa’ (4): 12 yang artinya: “Maka mereka bersekutu dalam yang sepertiga itu, sesudah dipenuhi wasiat yang dibuat olehnya atau sesudah dibayar hutangnya dengan tidak memberi mudharat (kepada ahli waris). (Allah menetapkan yang demikian itu sebagai) syariat yang benar-benar dari Allah, dan Allah Maha Mengetahui lagi Maha Penyantun.”",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 508,
"width": 390,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Al-Qur’an surat Shaad (38): 24 yang artinya: “Dan sesungguhnya kebanyakan dari orang-orang yang berserikat itu sebagian mereka berbuat zalim kepada sebagian yang lain, kecuali orang-orang yang beriman dan mengerjakan amal yang shaleh; dan amat sedikitlah mereka ini. Dan Daud mengetahui bahwa kami mengujinya; maka ia meminta ampun kepada Tuhannya lalu menyungkur sujud dan bertaubat.”",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 635,
"width": 312,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dasar hukum musyarakah atau syirkah berdasarkah hadits ialah:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 656,
"width": 390,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Dalil Hadits Qudsi riwayat Abu Daud dari Abu Hurairah, Rasulullah SAW berkata: “Allah SWT berfirman: ‘Aku adalah pihak ketiga dari dua orang yang bersyarikat selama salah satu pihak tidak mengkhianati pihak yang lain. Jika salah satu pihak telah berkhianat, Aku keluar dari mereka.”",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 736,
"width": 390,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Hadis Nabi riwayat Tirmidzi dari ‘Amr bin ‘Auf : “Perdamaian dapat dilakukan di antara kaum muslimin kecuali perdamaian yang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 173,
"top": 74,
"width": 369,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengharamkan yang halal atau menghalalkan yang haram; dan kaum muslimin terikat dengan syarat-syarat mereka kecuali syarat yang mengharamkan yang halal atau menghalalkan yang haram.”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 137,
"width": 424,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam Hadits diatas menunjukkan bahwa rahmat Allah SWT tercurahkan atas 2 (dua) pihak yang sedang berkongsi selama mereka tidak melakukan pengkhianatan, manakala berkhianat maka bisnisnya akan tercela dan keberkatanpun akan sirna dari padanya. Sedangkan para ahli Hukum Islam telah sepakat untuk mengemukakan bahwa hukum syirkah adalah muba h di dalam ketentuan Syari’at Islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 224,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "D. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 238,
"width": 435,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam kontrak terdapat pernyataan atas suatu keinginan positif dari salah satu pihak yang terlibat dan diterima oleh pihak lain dan menimbulkan akibat hukum atas objek perjanjian, serta hak dan kewajiban kepada masing-masing pihak. Adapun janji adalah \"keinginan\" yang dikemukakan oleh seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu, baik perbuatan maupun ucapan, dalam tujuan memberikan keuntungan bagi pihak lainnya . \"Definisi Kontrak atau perjanjian dalam hukum perdata Islam dipanggil akad , adapun secara terminologi adalah pertalian atau keterikatan antara ijāb dan qabūl sesuai dengan kehendak syariah yang menimbulkan akibat hukum pada objek yang diikat\". Ijāb dan qabūl dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan ada keinginan dan kerelaan timbal balik para pihak yang terlibat dalam kontrak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 445,
"width": 435,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pencantuman kata \"sesuai kehendak syariah\" dalam definisi di atas, tidak dipandang sah jika tidak sesuai dengan kehendak atau peraturan-peraturan yang telah ditetapkan syar‘i, seperti melakukan transaksi riba. Dalam hukum perdata Islam terdapat asas-asas kontrak yang berpengaruh pada status kontrak. Jika asas-asas itu tidak terpenuhi, kontrak yang dibuat akan batal atau menjadi tidak sah. Rukun kontrak ialah unsur yang mesti wujud dalam sebuah kontrak. dalam pembahasan akad bisa dilihat dari permasalahan ada atau tidaknya kompensasi yang dijanjikan oleh salah satu pihak. Tetapi dalam akad tijarah, semua jenis akad yang termasuk dalam fungsi for profit transaction. Kelompok tijarah ini dilihat dari tingkat kepastian hasil yang akan diperolehnya bisa dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu dari segi teori pertukaran dan dari segi teori percampuran .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 673,
"width": 435,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Teori pertukaran adalah hukum terjadinya perpindahan hak milik seseorang kepada orang lain dengan penggantian yang pasti, baik secara tunai maupun tidak tunai. Natural Certainty contracst atau teori pertukaran adalah kontrak dalam bisnis yang memberikan kepastian pembayaran, baik dari segi jumlah maupun waktu. Dalam NCC, kedua belah pihak saling mempertukarkan aset yang dimilikinya. Oleh karena itu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "53",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 74,
"width": 435,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "objek pertukarannya baik barang maupun jasa, harus ditetapkan di awal akad dengan pasti, baik jumlahnya (Quantity), mutunya (Quality), harganya (price), maupun waktu penyerahannya (time of delivery). Maka terdapat dua pilar dalam teori pertukaran ini, yaitu objek pertukaran dan waktu pertukaran. dalam sebagaimana teori pertukaran, fiqih juga membedakandua jenis objek percampuran yaitu, 'ayn dan dayn, serta dari segi waktu percampurannya juga sama yaitu dibedakan berdasarkan naqdan dan ghairu naqdanlmuajjal.dilihat berdasarkan objek percampurannya, dapat dibedakan menjadi percampuran :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 240,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Percampuran ‘ayn dengan ‘ayn",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 260,
"width": 176,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Percampuran ‘Ayn dengan dayn",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 281,
"width": 119,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Dayn Dengan Dayn.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 333,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 363,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al Qur’an dan Hadist",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 380,
"width": 434,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "QS. An-Nisa : 29 ; QS. Al-Baqarah : 275 ; QS. Al-Baqarah : 233 ; QS. Ath-Talaq : 6 ; QS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 395,
"width": 435,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "An-Nisa’ : 12; QS. Shaad : 24; HR. Al-Bukhari; HR. Al-Bukhari; HR. Ibnu Majah; Hadits Qudsi riwayat Abu Daud dari Abu Hurairah; HR.Tirmidzi dari ‘Amr bin ‘Auf",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 424,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buku-Buku",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 438,
"width": 374,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karim, A. A. (2016). Bank Islam : Analisis Fiqih dan Keuangan. Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 479,
"width": 419,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sari, N. (2015). Kontrak (Akad) dan Implementasinya pada Perbankan Syaraih. Banda Aceh: PeNA.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 507,
"width": 432,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sayidah, N. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Disertai Dengan Contoh Penerapannya Dalam Penelitian. Sidoarjo: zifatama jawara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 534,
"width": 414,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arikunto, S. (2002). Prosedur Penelitian : Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 562,
"width": 410,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mardani. (2013). Hukum Perikatan Syariah di Indonesia. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika. Nurhayati, dkk. (2015). Akuntansi Syariah di Indonesia. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Wiyono, S. (2006). Cara Mudah Memahami Akuntansi Perbankan Syariah Berdasar PSAK dan PAPSI. Jakarta: Grasindo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 617,
"width": 414,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ghufron, A. M. (2002). Fiqh Muamalah Kontekstual, Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada. Zed, M. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 658,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 686,
"width": 435,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nizar, M. (2017). Sumber Dana Dalam Pendidikan Islam (Kepemilikan Harta Dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 700,
"width": 435,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perspektif Islam). al murabbi , 381. https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/pai/article/view/404 Nurhayati. (2008). Teori Pertukaran dan Teori Percampuran Berdasarkan Fiqih M uam alatt dalam Transaksi Perbankan Syarlah. Jurnal Akuntansi, 30-31. http://repository.unisba.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/26674/NURHAYATI- FEBPSAK-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 236,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAN TABUR: JURNAL EKONOMI SYARI’AH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 36,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2716-2605",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 51,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 No. 1 September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 51,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2721-0677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 794,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "54",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 74,
"width": 347,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TEORI%20PERTUKARAN%20DAN%20TEORIPERCAMPURAN...- 2008.pdf?sequence=1isAllowed=y",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 102,
"width": 435,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Putra, A. D., Desiana, R. (2020). Pertukaran Dan Percampuran Dalam Eekonomi Islam. Muamalatuna Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah , 125-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.37035/mua.v12i1.3310",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 141,
"width": 449,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anita, D. (2019). Urgensi Akad Dalam Transaksi Bisnis Islam. Jurnal Madani Syari’ah, 79. https://stai-binamadani.e-journal.id/Madanisyariah/article/view/140 Internet",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 185,
"width": 435,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumah Buku (2013, Januari 01). Fikih Muamalah Dalam Islam. Dipetik Juni 21, 2021, dari Rumah Buku: http://rumahbuku.weebly.com/bangku-ii/fiqh-muamalah- dalam-islam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 226,
"width": 435,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Belajar Ilmu Ekonomi Islam. (2017, Okt 26). Inilah 3 Pembagian Akad Fiqh Muamalah dalam Sistem Ekonomi Islam. Dipetik Juni 21, 2021, dari https://www.ekonomiislam.net/2017/10/inilah-3-pembagian-akad-dalam-fiqh- muamalah-dalam-sistem-ekonomi-islam.html",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 282,
"width": 435,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "jannah, M. (2021, April Selasa, 27). Teori Percampuran Dan Produk-Produknya. Dipetik Juni 21, 2021, dari Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Pengadilan Agama Paniai: https://pa-paniai.go.id/artikel/teori-percampuran-dan-produk-produknya/ sigit, G. A. (2017, Februari 26). Teori Pertukaran dan Teori Percampuran. Dipetik April 20, 2021, dari http://gitasigit.blogspot.com/2017/02/teori-pertukaran-dan-teori- percampuran.html",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 365,
"width": 438,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kristina. (23 Jun 2021). Arti Akad Menurut Bahasa dalam Hukum Islam. Dipetik Juli 12, 2021, dari https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5615394/arti-akad-menurut-bahasa- dalam-hukum-islam",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 406,
"width": 434,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Astuti, F. N. (15 Januari 2021). Akad adalah Perjanjian Tertulis, Berikut Jenisnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 420,
"width": 402,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Hukum Islam. Dipetik Juli 12, 2021, dari",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 434,
"width": 399,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.merdeka.com/jabar/akad-adalah-perjanjian-tertulis-berikut jenisnya- menurut-hukum-islam-kln.html?page=4",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 462,
"width": 438,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Soraya, D. A. Sasongko, A. (22 Sep 2018). Pentingnya Akad Kepemilikan. Dipetik Juli 12, 2021, dari https://www.republika.co.id/berita/pfgqck313/pentingnya- akad-kepemilikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 503,
"width": 438,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saiga, S. (27 Agustus 2016). Akad-akad dalam Bank Syariah. Dipetik Juli 12, 2021, dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 531,
"width": 397,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.kompasiana.com/sabirinsaiga/57c119ed90fdfdd633009e6a/akadakad- dalam-bank-syariah?page=all",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 572,
"width": 435,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faisa, B. T.W. dkk.(2014) Bentuk-bentuk Akad Perjanjian Syariah. Dipetik Juli 12, 2021, dari http://koirula.blogspot.co.id .",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
f5c364db-4bb8-f26a-c9b2-73b1ee3eb50d | https://qemsjournal.org/index.php/qems/article/download/2409/1637 | [
{
"left": 62,
"top": 48,
"width": 241,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 427,
"top": 48,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2722-6247 (online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 59,
"width": 168,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024) https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.qems2409",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 779,
"width": 265,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS) is licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 146,
"width": 398,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analysis of Factors Affecting Accountability of Village Fund Management",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 189,
"width": 165,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tri Ratna Sari * & Abdul Rohman",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 144,
"top": 213,
"width": 312,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto No.13, Tembalang, Kota Semarang, 50275, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 239,
"width": 34,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 256,
"width": 476,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The responsibility of the village government is to enforce accountability to the community. If there are irregularities in the management of village funds, the community's trust in the village government could decrease. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of various factors that influence the accountability of village fund management. The population in this study was from all villages in the districts of Skanto, Arso, Arso Barat, and Mannem. The sampling process uses purposive sampling, namely selecting village officials involved in managing village funds. This group consists of the village head, secretary and treasurer. Primary data collection was carried out through distributing questionnaires which were given directly to respondents. Multiple linear regression is a statistical tool used for data analysis. Next, the data is processed using SPSS 26.0 software. Based on research, the effectiveness of village officials and internal control systems is known to have a positive impact on the accountability of village fund management. In contrast, leadership and integrity systems do not appear to have a significant influence.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 373,
"width": 324,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Accountability, Competency, Internal Control System, Integrity System, and Leadership.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 394,
"width": 436,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received: 4 February 2024 Revised: 17 April 2024 Accepted: 29 April 2024",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 435,
"width": 68,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Introduction *",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 460,
"width": 476,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The village government system in the Indonesian government may be one of the smallest government systems, but its role in the country's development is very large. In order for the central government to achieve its goal of encouraging equitable growth and prosperity, village affairs must be managed well. Village governance plays an important role in local government because it gives villages the authority to establish rules and regulations specific to their community before local government regulations are passed. The village government has the responsibility to manage and supervise its own activities, including planning, implementation, management, accountability and benefits of programs managed by village officials. In 2015, villages received new funding allocations called village funds to support village development.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 558,
"width": 475,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Distribution of funds to each village led to an increase in income. The government provides funding to villages to ensure they can provide essential services such as access to basic needs and strengthen local institutions. However, the distribution of village funds raises new problems, especially in its management. This problem is related to the low quality of human resources (Bao, 2019) . In addition, village fund management is often not in line with basic financial management standards (Siang & Deodata, 2018) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 621,
"width": 476,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The ICW NGO revealed various examples of corruption that often occur in village government environments, such as embezzlement, misuse of funds and power, illegal levies, inaccurate reporting, budget cuts and bribery (Ash-Shidiqqi & Wibisono, 2018) . The Papua Regional Police noted that in 2019, there were cases of village fund fraud in Jayapura, Merauke, Asmat, Nabire and Keerom Regencies with a total state loss of IDR 4.2 billion (Isidorus, 2020) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 673,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Accountability is a key principle that must be implemented in managing finances, both in the context of economics and government administration. In effective management, accountability refers to the responsibility that must be carried out by individuals or groups to fulfill the tasks and obligations given to them (Puspa & Prasetyo, 2020) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 733,
"width": 80,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "* Corresponding author.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 748,
"width": 159,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E-mail address : [email protected]",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "270",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 109,
"width": 476,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Human resources have an important role in carrying out the operations of a company or government. Research conducted by Mada et al. (Mada, Kalangi, & Gamaliel, 2017) documents that the main problem in creating accountability in managing village funds is the lack of expertise of village officials. Other research finds that the competence of village officials has a significant influence on the accountability of village fund management (Aulia, 2018; Dewi & Gayatri, 2019; Purba, Kurniawati, & Jamain, 2020; Rosari & Manabulu, 2020; Sofyani, Pratolo, & Saleh, 2022 ) . On the other hand, research conducted by Luthfiani et al. (2020) , Triyono et al. (2019) , and Sweetenia et al. (2019) revealed that the competence of village officials does not have a significant impact on accountability.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 207,
"width": 476,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Village governments must implement an internal control system to ensure that village funds are used in accordance with applicable regulations. The study conducted by Yesinia et al. (2018) , Aziiz & Prastiti (2019) , Hardiningsih et al. (2020) , and Rosari & Manabulu (2020) show that the implementation of an internal control system influences the responsibility for managing village funds. On the other hand, research conducted by Diansari et al. (2022) , Nafsiah & Diana (2020) , Pahlawan et al. (2020) , and Alam et al. (2019) found no evidence that the internal control system had an effect on the accountability of village fund management.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 282,
"width": 476,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Increased accountability can be achieved by promoting an ethical culture and integrity system that is transparently integrated into the operations of public sector organizations. It is important for the public sector to develop guidelines regarding integrity systems to encourage better accountability practices (Kamil, Shariffuddin, & Rahman, 2022) . The study results are in line with findings by Pitaloka et al. (2022) , Yahya et al. (2022) , and Alam et al. (2019) shows that integrity practices have a positive and significant relationship with accountability practices. This is different from the findings from research by Eldayanti et al. (2020) , Devi et al. (2022) , and Sumardi et al. (2022) argue that integrity does not have a significant influence on accountability practices.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 368,
"width": 476,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Leadership has a crucial role, especially in dealing with issues in the public sector. Leaders in the public sector often have strong leadership traits that enable them to direct the organization toward set goals. This has the potential to increase the level of accountability among public sector staff members (Alam et al. , 2019) . Research conducted by Tran et al. (2021) , Kamil et al. (2022) , and Savitri et al. (2020) consistently emphasize the importance of the role of leadership in fostering effective accountability practices. In contrast, findings from research conducted by Hariani et al. (2022) , Pitaloka et al. (2022) , and Ayem & Fitriyaningsih (2022) indicate that accountability in managing village funds is not influenced by the leadership of the village head.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 455,
"width": 476,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the results of the review above, an analysis was carried out on the influence of village apparatus competence, internal control system, integrity system, and leadership on accountability in village fund management in Keerom Regency. This research was conducted because Keerom Regency has experienced indications of violations in the use of village funds. Previous research conducted in Keerom Regency was mostly descriptive qualitative in nature, which had limitations in terms of the ability to make generalizations. Therefore, further research was developed using quantitative research methods.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 536,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Literature Review",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 560,
"width": 108,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.1. Stewardship Theory",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 577,
"width": 476,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Stewardship theory is based on the belief that humans have the ability to act and be responsible, and that honesty and integrity are important aspects in the public and stakeholder interests. In the framework of stewardship thinking, the village head plays the role of resource manager, while the village community plays the role of owner of these resources. In the context of village fund management which is closely related to this responsibility, the village government must provide all relevant information to resource owners before these owners can make related decisions (Triyono et al. , 2019) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 652,
"width": 476,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The importance of stewardship theory in this research is that this theory emphasizes that the village government acts as a steward and has no intention of fulfilling personal interests. As a steward, they give priority to the interests of the community, also known as principals. In the stewardship framework, public trust is emphasized, with the principle that a steward has a great responsibility to carefully and wisely manage the allocation of available resources to serve the public interest.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "271",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 109,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.2. Accountability",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 126,
"width": 475,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mardiasmo (2009) defines accountability as the obligation of individuals entrusted with responsibility to transfer tasks, present information, report, and act in accordance with their obligations to the party providing trust, who has the right and authority to demand responsibility for these actions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 167,
"width": 476,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The duties of the village government involve the obligation to ensure that the allocation of village funds, village original income, and village finances are managed in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. One o f the main responsibilities of the village government is to create a level of accountability in village financial management by providing reports and disclosing all activities related to village financial management, including planning, implementation, recording, accountability and supervision to the community who are the principals (Rosari & Manabulu , 2020) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 242,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.3. Competence",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 259,
"width": 476,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Apparatus competency is a personal element of a worker that allows individuals to achieve their best level of performance (Hardiningsih et al., 2020) . The importance of apparatus competency is to ensure that a village government program can be implemented and achieved in accordance with applicable legal and regulatory provisions (Rosari & Manabulu, 2020) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 311,
"width": 121,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.4. Internal Control System",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 329,
"width": 476,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to Government Regulation Number 60 of 2008, the internal control system is a process carried out by all employees in order to ensure the achievement of organizational goals effectively and efficiently. This includes a series of integrated actions in order to safeguard assets, ensure the reliability of financial reports, and follow legal regulations regarding compliance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 381,
"width": 89,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.5. Integrity System",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 398,
"width": 475,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "An integrity system is a behavioral trait or characteristic of an organization that describes the quality of actions in accordance with the moral principles, norms and regulations of the institution and its members (Alam et al., 2019) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 427,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.6. Leadership",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 445,
"width": 476,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In Dharma's view (2011) , leadership is the ability to influence other people to achieve certain goals. According to Gerungan, the main role of a leader is to provide a clear structure in complex situations faced by the group, supervise and direct group behavior, and understand and explain the group's needs to outside parties, including the group's attitudes, desires, goals and concerns Edy (2016) . )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 497,
"width": 335,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.7. The Influence of Competency on Accountability in Village Fund Management",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 514,
"width": 477,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Apparatus competency is a personal element of a worker that allows individuals to achieve their best level of performance (Hardiningsih et al., 2020) . Competence is very important because this expertise is internal and is manifested in the quality of their work. Therefore, in managing village funds, the manager's ability is needed to supervise the administration of funds in the village government and to be able to account for the mandate and responsibilities they carry out. This idea is in line with stewardship theory which involves officials being responsible to the community as a form of commitment. In the context of village financial management, it is important for village officials to have sufficient expertise to be able to achieve the desired goals with the money. This view is in line with research conducted by Sofyani et al. (2022) , Sarah et al. (2020) , and Purba et al. (2020) which emphasizes that the competence of village officials is a factor that influences the accountability of village fund management. The hypothesis of this research is",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 635,
"width": 409,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H1: Competence of village officials has a positive effect on accountability in managing village funds.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 653,
"width": 386,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.8. The Influence of the Internal Control System on Village Fund Management Accountability",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 670,
"width": 476,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to the Government of the Republic of Indonesia (2008), organizations implement an internal control system to ensure efficient and effective use of their resources. The internal control function involves monitoring, evaluating, and managing organizational resources. In addition, internal controls play an important role in preventing and detecting fraudulent activities. In accordance with stewardship theory, stewards bear significant responsibility for managing the resources they own carefully and responsibly in the interests of the wider community. A strong internal control system implemented by village officials or village administrators can increase accountability. This view is in line with research conducted by Yesinia et al. (2018) , Aziiz & Prastiti (2019) , Hardiningsih et al. (2020) , and Rosari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "272",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 109,
"width": 475,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "& Manabulu (2020) . The research concludes that there is a positive relationship between the internal control system and accountability in managing village funds. The hypothesis formed is,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 138,
"width": 393,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H2: The internal control system has a positive effect on accountability in managing village funds.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 155,
"width": 355,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.9. The Influence of the Integrity System on Village Fund Management Accountability",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 173,
"width": 476,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "An integrity system is a behavioral trait or characteristic of an organization that describes the quality of actions in accordance with the moral principles, norms and regulations of the institution and its members (Alam et al., 2019) . Stewardship theory places significant emphasis on accountability and integrity in resource management. According to this theory, village officials act as managers of public resources, including village funds, by prioritizing the interests of the community and being responsible for their management. Therefore, implementing a strong integrity system can be a powerful tool for increasing accountability in managing village funds in accordance with the principles of stewardship theory. According to research conducted by Pitaloka et al. (2022) , Yahya et al. (2022) , and Alam et al. (2019) , the implementation of an integrity system has a positive impact on accountability. The hypothesis of this research is",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 282,
"width": 365,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H3: The integrity system has a positive effect on accountability in managing village funds.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 300,
"width": 330,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.10. The Influence of Leadership on Accountability in Village Fund Management",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 317,
"width": 476,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Leaders play a big role in an organization's activities as they assume responsibility for its efforts. The village head, who acts as a leader, plays an important role in planning, organizing, and setting organizational goals. By inspiring and motivating village officials, it is hoped that village governments will be motivated to achieve accountability. According to stewardship theory, the community acts as a principal, while the village government acts as a steward. The village head plays an important role in implementing this concept, and his duties and responsibilities are assisted by other village officials. High-quality leadership will encourage greater accountability. Likewise, research conducted by Hariani et al. (2022) , Pitaloka et al. (2022) , and Ayem & Fitriyaningsih (2022) found that leadership has a positive effect on accountability. The formulation of the hypothesis is,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 415,
"width": 327,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H4: Leadership has a positive effect on accountability in managing village funds.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 264,
"top": 658,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 1. Research Model",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 682,
"width": 158,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Research Method and Materials",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 706,
"width": 93,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.1. Research Design",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 723,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research uses a quantitative approach, with primary data collection through the use of questionnaires as a research instrument. This research focuses on villages located in Skanto District West Arso, Arso, and Mannem, Keerom Regency as the research population. To select respondents, the research used a purposive sampling method,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 195,
"top": 465,
"width": 13,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "+ + + +",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "273",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 109,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "involving the village head, village secretary and treasurer who are responsible for managing village funds. The total number of respondents involved in this research was 120 people from 40 villages. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Data processing with SPSS version 26.0 software.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 149,
"width": 99,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.2. Research Variable",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 167,
"width": 476,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The dependent variable in this research is accountability in managing village funds. Accountability is explained as the responsibility of the trust holder to submit tasks, present information, report, and be responsible for actions included in his or her obligations to the party who has given the trust and has the right and authority to demand that responsibility. The measurement of this variable refers to the instrument developed by (Purba et al., 2020) . The instrument covers four dimensions, namely honesty and compliance with laws, processes, programs and policies.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 230,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Apparatus competency is a personal element of a worker that enables an individual to achieve his or her best level of performance. The competency variable for village officials in this research uses an instrument developed by Purba et al. (2020) and Hardiningsih et al. (2020) where there are 3 dimensions, namely knowledge, skills and attitudes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 271,
"width": 476,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The internal control system is a process carried out by all employees in order to ensure the achievement of organizational goals effectively and efficiently. The internal control system variable in this research uses an instrument developed by Aziiz & Prastiti (2019) which refers to Article 3 Paragraph 1 PP No. 60 of 2008. The five dimensions are control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 334,
"width": 475,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "An integrity system is a behavioral trait or characteristic of an organization that describes the quality of actions in accordance with the moral principles, norms and regulations of the institution and its members. The integrity system variable in this research uses an instrument developed by Alam et al. (2019) which consists of 12 questions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 375,
"width": 476,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Leadership is the capacity to direct a group toward desired outcomes. The leadership variable in this research uses an instrument developed by Alam et al. (2019) which includes 13 questions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 404,
"width": 475,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A 5-point Likert scale was used in measuring leadership. Answer 1 is for strongly disagree, answer 2 is for disagree, answer 3 is neutral, answer 4 is for agree, and answer 5 is for strongly agree.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 433,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In measuring the independent and dependent variables, a 5 point Likert scale is used. This scale allows respondents to provide answers with a range of values, where 1 indicates \"strongly disagree,\" 2 indicates \"disagree,\" 3 indicates \"neutral,\" 4 indicates \"agree,\" and 5 indicates \"strongly agree.\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 480,
"width": 115,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Results and Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 503,
"width": 53,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4.1. Results",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 521,
"width": 476,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Descriptive statistics are used to provide an overview of respondent demographics. Table 1 provides an overview of respondent demographics. Most of the respondents were men, reaching 79.2 percent of the total respondents. Meanwhile, female respondents were 20.8 percent. In terms of age, the majority of respondents were in the age range of 31-40 years, namely 39.17 percent. There were also 35.83 percent of respondents aged between 41-50 years. Meanwhile, respondents aged over 61 years were only around 4.17 percent of all respondents.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 584,
"width": 476,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2 presents descriptive statistical analysis regarding the dependent and independent variables. The village fund management accountability variable has a theoretical range from 8 to 40, with an average value of 24. Meanwhile the actual value ranges between 30 to 40, and has an average value of 35.41. This shows that the majority of respondents expressed agreement with the view that village fund management must be accountable, both in terms of honesty and compliance with laws, processes, programs and policies.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 648,
"width": 475,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The village apparatus competency variable has a theoretical range from 9 to 45, with an average of 27. Meanwhile the actual value ranges from 34 to 45, with an average value of 39.18. This indicates that the majority of respondents showed agreement with the view that village officials must have good knowledge, skills and attitudes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 688,
"width": 476,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Theoretical range from 10 to 50, with an average of 30. Meanwhile the actual value range ranges from 38 to 50, with an average of 44.90. This shows that the majority of respondents showed agreement with the view that the internal control system must cover aspects such as the control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "274",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 109,
"width": 148,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1. Respondent Demographics",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 131,
"width": 476,
"height": 569,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No Demographics Amount Percentage 1 Gender Man 95 79.2 Woman 25 20.8 Total 120 100.0 2 Age 21-30 13 10.83 31-40 47 39.17 41-50 43 35.83 51-60 12 10.00 61-70 5 4.17 Total 120 100.00 3 Last education elementary school 7 7.0 JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 13 10.8 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 71 59.2 DIII 7 5.8 S1 21 17.5 S2 1 0.8 Total 120 100.0 4 Work experience ≤ 5 84 70.00 6-10 29 24.17 11-15 2 1.67 ≥ 16 5 4.17 Total 120 100.00 Source: processed data (2023) Table 2. Variable Description Statistics No. Variable Theoretical Range True Range Standard Deviation Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean 1 Accountability for managing village funds 8 40 24 30 40 35.41 2.53 2 Competence of village officials 9 45 27 34 45 39.18 2.66 3 Internal control system 10 50 30 38 50 44.90 2.84 4 Integrity System 12 60 36 43 60 51.71 3.29 5 Leadership 13 65 39 45 64 55.75 4.25",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 703,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: processed data (2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 721,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Theoretical range from 12 to 60, with an average of 36. Meanwhile the actual value ranges from 43 to 60, with an average of 51.71. This shows that the majority of respondents have a high perception of the integrity system in village government.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "275",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 109,
"width": 475,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Theoretical range from 13 to 65, with an average of around 39. While the actual value range ranges from 45 to 64, with an average of around 55.75. This indicates that the majority of respondents have a positive and high view of the village head's leadership.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 149,
"width": 475,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tests are needed to identify potential non-response bias because there is a significant difference between the number of questionnaires returned on time, namely 102 questionnaires, and those returned late, namely 18 questionnaires. This can cause bias in the research results, considering that respondents who return questionnaires on time may have different characteristics from respondents who return them late.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 201,
"width": 475,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In Table 3, it can be seen that the average value of the timely answers to the accountability variable is 35.509. Meanwhile, the average answer to the accountability variable that was not on time was 34.833. The results of the significance test show a value of 0.727, which indicates that there is no significant difference between the responses given by respondents who returned the questionnaire on time and those who returned it late.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 253,
"width": 176,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 3. Variable Bias Non-Response Test",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 271,
"width": 455,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variable Information Mean Standard Deviation F Sig. Accountability On time 35,509 2,500 0.122 0.727 Not on time 34,833 2,706 Competence On time 39,196 2,651 0.312 0.578 Not on time 39,111 2,784 Internal Control System On time 45,000 2,725 0.288 0.063 Not on time 44,333 3,447 Integrity System On time 51,843 3,326 0.029 0.866 Not on time 50,944 3,095 Leadership On time 55,852 4,365 2,441 0.121 Not on time 55,167 3,618 Source: processed data (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 439,
"width": 476,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The average value of the timely response to the competency variable is 39.196. Meanwhile, the average of answers to the competency variable that were not timely was 39.111. The results of the significance test show a value of around 0.578, which indicates that there is no significant difference between the responses given by respondents who returned the questionnaire on time and those who returned it late.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 491,
"width": 476,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The average response given by respondents who returned the questionnaire on time to the internal control system variable was 45.00, while for respondents who returned it late it was 44.333. The results of the significance test show a value of around 0.063, which indicates that there is no significant difference between the responses of respondents who returned the questionnaire on time and those who returned it late.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 543,
"width": 475,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The average value of the timely response to the integrity system variable was 51.843, while for respondents who returned it late it was 50.944. The results of the significance test show a value of around 0.866, which indicates that there is no significant difference between the responses given by respondents who returned the questionnaire on time and those who returned it late.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 595,
"width": 475,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Furthermore, the average value of responses to the leadership variable on time was 55.852, while for respondents who returned it late it was 55.167. The results of the significance test show a value of around 0.121, which indicates that there is no significant difference between the responses of respondents who returned the questionnaire on time and those who returned it late.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 647,
"width": 475,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Validity tests are carried out to evaluate the validity of the instruments used to measure variables. The validity test results in Table 4 show that the questions used in measuring the variables of accountability, competence, internal control system, integrity system and leadership are considered valid. This can be seen from the calculated r value for each question item, which exceeds the table r value set at 0.1793. These results indicate that the question items are effective in measuring variables.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 711,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Reliability testing was carried out by calculating the Cronbach's Alpha value. If the Cronbach's Alpha value exceeds 0.6, it is considered a good indicator. Based on the data in Table 5, the Cronbach's Alpha value for the research variable exceeds 0.6, so it can be concluded that this variable has a good level of reliability.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "276",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 109,
"width": 125,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 4. Validity Test Results",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 129,
"width": 435,
"height": 623,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Question r-count r-table Conclusion Accountability 1 0.575 0.1793 Valid 2 0.485 0.1793 Valid 3 0.630 0.1793 Valid 4 0.426 0.1793 Valid 5 0.727 0.1793 Valid 6 0.713 0.1793 Valid 7 0.378 0.1793 Valid 8 0.649 0.1793 Valid 9 0.627 0.1793 Valid Competence 1 0.575 0.1793 Valid 2 0.485 0.1793 Valid 3 0.630 0.1793 Valid 4 0.426 0.1793 Valid 5 0.727 0.1793 Valid 6 0.713 0.1793 Valid 7 0.378 0.1793 Valid 8 0.649 0.1793 Valid 9 0.627 0.1793 Valid Internal Control System 1 0.605 0.1793 Valid 2 0.664 0.1793 Valid 3 0.399 0.1793 Valid 4 0.546 0.1793 Valid 5 0.410 0.1793 Valid 6 0.609 0.1793 Valid 7 0.737 0.1793 Valid 8 0.754 0.1793 Valid 9 0.434 0.1793 Valid 10 0.635 0.1793 Valid Integrity System 1 0.615 0.1793 Valid 2 0.392 0.1793 Valid 3 0.650 0.1793 Valid 4 0.504 0.1793 Valid 5 0.466 0.1793 Valid 6 0.432 0.1793 Valid 7 0.495 0.1793 Valid 8 0.571 0.1793 Valid 9 0.636 0.1793 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "277",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 112,
"width": 451,
"height": 387,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Question r-count r-table Conclusion 10 0.677 0.1793 Valid 11 0.342 0.1793 Valid 12 0.637 0.1793 Valid Leadership 1 0.678 0.1793 Valid 2 0.205 0.1793 Valid 3 0.742 0.1793 Valid 4 0.798 0.1793 Valid 5 0.237 0.1793 Valid 6 0.716 0.1793 Valid 7 0.819 0.1793 Valid 8 0.843 0.1793 Valid 9 0.820 0.1793 Valid 10 0.700 0.1793 Valid 11 0.183 0.1793 Valid 12 0.725 0.1793 Valid 13 0.672 0.1793 Valid Source: processed data (2023) Table 5. Reliability Test Results Variable Cronbach's Alpha Conclusion Accountability 0.725 Reliable Competence 0.750 Reliable Internal control system 0.791 Reliable Integrity system 0.775 Reliable Leadership 0.873 Reliable Source: processed data (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 507,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Heteroscedasticity testing is useful for assessing whether there are significant differences in residual variance between observations. This heteroscedasticity test was carried out using the Glejser test. The results of the heteroscedasticity test can be found in Table 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 548,
"width": 426,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 6. Glejser Test Results Variable t value Significance Competence -0.785 0.434 Internal control system 2,409 0.018 Integrity System -1,577 0.118 Leadership -1,283 0.202",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 624,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: processed data (2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 642,
"width": 476,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Glejser test results listed in Table 6, it is proven that the competency, integrity system and leadership variables have a significance value greater than 0.05. However, the internal control system variable has a significance value that is smaller than 0.05. This indicates a heteroscedasticity problem in the data. To overcome the heteroscedasticity problem, data transformation was carried out. By averaging village officials' responses, we can reduce the impact of this variation, resulting in more stable and consistent estimates. After the data transformation is carried out, it is tested again.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 717,
"width": 475,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Glejser test results listed in Table 7 show that the competency, internal control system, integrity system and leadership variables have a significance value that exceeds 0.05. This indicates that there is no significant difference",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "278",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 109,
"width": 475,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "in residual variation between observations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the regression model does not experience heteroscedasticity.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 138,
"width": 428,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 7. Glejser Test Results after Data Transformation Variable t value Significance Competence 0.576 0.568 Internal control system 0.682 0.500 Integrity System -1,208 0.235 Leadership -0.274 0.786",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 214,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: processed data (2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 232,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Normality testing was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test. The results of this test show a significance value of 0.20, which is greater than the confidence level of 5% (0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the residual error in the regression model has a normal distribution.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 272,
"width": 476,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Multicollinearity testing was carried out by evaluating the VIF (Variance Inflation Factor) value. If the VIF value is less than 10, it can be concluded that there is no multicollinearity problem. Based on the data in Table 8, the test results show that the VIF value for the competency, internal control system, integrity system and leadership variables is less than 10. This indicates that there is no multicollinearity problem between the independent variables in the regression model.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 336,
"width": 311,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 8. Multicollinearity Test Results Variable VIF value Competence 2,820 Internal control system 5,573 Integrity System 3,595 Leadership 4,062",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 412,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: processed data (2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 430,
"width": 476,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The F statistical test is used to evaluate whether the independent variables together have a significant influence on the dependent variable. The F test results show that the significance value is 0.00, or smaller than 0.05. This indicates that village apparatus competency, internal control system, integrity system, and leadership together have a significant influence on accountability in village fund management. Hypothesis testing is carried out through the t statistical test, and the results are as follows",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 493,
"width": 461,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 9. Hypothesis Testing Results Variable Unstandardized Coefficient Standardized Coefficient t Significance B Std. Error Beta Constant 2,246 2,162 1,039 0.306 Competence 0.446 0.083 0.527 5,358 0,000 Internal control system 0.273 0.107 0.352 2,549 0.015 Integrity System -0.031 0.069 -0.049 -0.44 0.660 Leadership 0.089 0.058 0.180 1,528 0.135 Source: processed data (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 622,
"width": 225,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on Table 9, the regression equation is as follows,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 640,
"width": 187,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yi = 2.246 + 0.446 X1i + 0.273 X2i + (0.031)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 657,
"width": 32,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Where:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 675,
"width": 217,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yi = Accountability for managing village funds",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 684,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "β0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 686,
"width": 91,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "= Regression constant",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 698,
"width": 173,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "X1i = Competence of village officials X2i",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 709,
"width": 107,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "= Internal Control System",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 721,
"width": 113,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "X3i = System integrity X4i = Leadership",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "279",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 109,
"width": 475,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the data contained in Table 9, the t statistical test shows that the significance level of the competency variable is less than 0.05, namely 0.000. Therefore, the conclusion is that the alternative hypothesis (H1) can be accepted. This indicates that the competence of village officials has a positive and significant influence on the accountability of village fund management.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 161,
"width": 475,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of the t statistical test show that the significance level of the internal control system variable is less than 0.05, namely around 0.015. Therefore, it can be concluded that the second hypothesis (H2) can be accepted. This shows that the internal control system variable has a positive influence on the accountability of village fund management.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 213,
"width": 475,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of the t statistical test show that the significance level of the integrity system variable exceeds 0.05, namely 0.660. Thus, it can be concluded that the third hypothesis (H3) cannot be accepted. This indicates that the integrity system has no effect on the accountability of village fund management.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 253,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The t statistical test shows that the significance value of the leadership variable exceeds 0.05, namely 0.135. The conclusion is that H4 is unacceptable. This shows that accountability in managing village funds is not influenced by leadership.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 293,
"width": 476,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The adjusted R 2 value of 0.607 indicates that 60.7 percent of the variation in the model can be explained by the variables of competence, internal control system, integrity system, and leadership. Meanwhile, the remaining 39.3 percent is explained by other factors not included in the model.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 334,
"width": 68,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4.2. Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 352,
"width": 476,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The findings from this study illustrate that the competence of village officials has a positive and significant impact on the level of accountability in managing village funds. The higher the level of competency of village officials, the higher the level of accountability in managing village funds. This shows that in general, the competence of village officials is quite good. They have a strong understanding of their duties and responsibilities. Apart from that, they also understand the regulations governing village fund management, because they have received special training in this regard.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 427,
"width": 476,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Managing village funds requires individuals who have special skills, so that the village government can manage village funds in accordance with the mandate that has been given. This concept supports stewardship theory, where village officials have a role in serving the community as a form of accountability responsibility. Therefore, village officials must have adequate competence in managing village funds, so that the objectives of using village funds can be achieved appropriately. This view is in line with research conducted by Sofyani et al. (2022) , Sarah et al. (2020) , and Purba et al. (2020) which emphasizes that the competence of village officials is a factor that influences the accountability of village fund management.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 513,
"width": 476,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of the second hypothesis test show that the internal control system has a positive and significant impact on the level of accountability in managing village funds. This indicates that through the implementation of an internal control system, an organization can carry out its operations more effectively and efficiently, produce reliable financial reports, and safeguard assets well. Consequently, this will increase the organization's confidence in its ability to achieve its stated goals.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 577,
"width": 476,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This can be observed from the existence of a well-defined organizational structure in the village government. There is clarity regarding the duties and authority of village officials in managing village funds. In addition, the village government has formulated a village fund management plan as an effort to reduce risks. Every expenditure of village funds has been neatly documented, and the village government routinely monitors its performance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 629,
"width": 476,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research supports the concept of stewardship, where a steward or manager has the main responsibility for managing resources carefully and wisely for the benefit of society as a whole. The more effective the implementation of the internal control system by village managers or officials, the higher the level of accountability that can be achieved. These results strengthen research conducted by Yesinia et al. (2018) , Aziiz & Prastiti (2019) , Hardiningsih et al. (2020) , and Rosari & Manabulu (2020) . The research concludes that there is a positive relationship between the internal control system and accountability in managing village funds.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 704,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of testing the third hypothesis show that the integrity system does not have a significant impact on the level of accountability. To have an effective system, concrete actions are needed that ensure compliance and implementation. Many respondents answered \"disagree\" or \"neutral\" to questions regarding the integrity system,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "280",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 109,
"width": 476,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "indicating deficiencies in the implementation of the system. This may be due to the lack of convincing evidence that the integrity system is actually implemented consistently and has a positive impact.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 138,
"width": 476,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of this study do not support stewardship theory which emphasizes the importance of responsibility and integrity in managing public resources. This finding is in line with research conducted by Sumardi et al. (2022) , Devi et al. (2022) and Eldayanti et al. (2020) , who also found that integrity had no effect on the level of accountability. One of the reasons is that there is still recruitment of village officials through the kinship system, which can result in low awareness and understanding of the value of integrity (Eldayanti et al., 2020) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 201,
"width": 476,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The test results for the fourth hypothesis show that leadership does not have a significant impact on the level of accountability. Strong leadership can actually contribute to increasing accountability. However, without adequate resources or appropriate expertise, leaders may face difficulties in ensuring effective implementation of accountability measures. This can be seen from respondents' answers to questions about leadership variables, where many answered \"disagree\" or \"neutral.\" The large number of responses indicating disagreement or lack of clarity regarding the role of leaders in managing village funds may reflect uncertainty or lack of clarity in this regard.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 276,
"width": 476,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The findings from this research are contrary to the stewardship theory which states that the people are the principals and the village government acts as the manager ( steward ). The village head, as the highest leader in the village government, has responsibility for administering village government, development and community. His role is very crucial in this implementation, supported by other members of the village apparatus in carrying out their duties and responsibilities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 340,
"width": 476,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This finding is in line with research conducted by Ayem & Fitriyaningsih (2022) , Pitaloka et al. (2022) , Hariani et al. (2022) and Sari et al. (2017) , which shows that the leadership of the village head does not have a significant impact on the level of accountability in managing village funds. This could be due to the fact that village fund management is carried out by the Village Financial Management Technical Implementation Team, which consists of various village officials, including the village head, village secretary, head of financial affairs, and treasurer. Each team member has different authorities and responsibilities. The goal is to ensure that financial control is not in one hand, but in one team. In this context, the leadership role of the village head has limited impact (Ayem & Fitriyaningsih, 2022) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 444,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Conclusion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 468,
"width": 476,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The competence of village officials has a positive and significant impact on accountability in managing village funds. Village officials who have superior competence have the ability to carry out administrative tasks and manage village funds more effectively. The internal control system has a positive and significant impact on accountability in managing village funds. The more effective the internal control system, the higher the level of accountability in managing village funds. The integrity system does not have a significant impact on the accountability of village fund management. Even though the village government has an integrity system, if its implementation is not effective or consistent by village officials, this can create gaps in accountability. Leadership does not have a significant impact on accountability in managing village funds. Leadership without the support of appropriate expertise will have difficulty ensuring effective implementation of accountability measures. The implication of this research is that it is necessary to improve the competence of village officials and the internal control system in order to increase accountability in managing village funds.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 618,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "References",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 639,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Alam, M. M., Said, J., & Abd Aziz, M. A. (2019). Role of Integrity System, Internal Control System and Leadership Practices on The Accountability Practices In The Public Sectors Of Malaysia. Social Responsibility Journal , 15 (7), 955–976. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-03-2017-0051",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 680,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ash-Shidiqqi, E. A., & Wibisono, H. (2018). Corruption and Village: Accountability of Village Fund Management on Preventing Corruption (Problems and Challenges). Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies (JILS) , 3 (2), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v3i02.27524",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 720,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aulia, P. (2018). Pengaruh Kompetensi Aparat Pengelola Dana Desa, Komitmen Organisasi Pemerintah Desa, Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi, dan Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Kabupaten 50 Kota. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa , 1 .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "281",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 109,
"width": 318,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 126,
"width": 474,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ayem, S., & Fitriyaningsih, E. (2022). Determinan akuntabilitas pengelolaan dana desa. Forum Ekonomi , 24 (2), 446– 463. https://doi.org/10.30872/jfor.v24i2.10869",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 155,
"width": 477,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aziiz, M. N., & Prastiti, S. D. (2019). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Akuntabilitas Dana Desa. In Jurnal Akuntansi Aktual (Vol. 6, Issue 2). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um004v6i22019p334",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 184,
"width": 476,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bao, B. (2019). Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Kampung di Kabupaten Keerom. Jurnal Dinamis , 16 (2), 26–36.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 213,
"width": 477,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Devi, N. K., Tewal, B., & Uhing, Y. (2022). Pengaruh Kerjasama Tim, Kreativitas dan Integritas Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Kantor Wilayah V Manado. Jurnal EMBA : Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi , 10 (2), 632. https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v10i2.40022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 254,
"width": 476,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dewi, N. K. A. J. P., & Gayatri, G. (2019). Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh Pada Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa. E-Jurnal Akuntansi , 26 , 1269–1298. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v26.i02.p16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 283,
"width": 476,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dharma, K. K. (2011). Metodologi Penelitian Keperawatan: Panduan Melaksanakan dan Menerapkan Hasil Penelitian .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 312,
"width": 476,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diansari, R. E., Othman, B. J., & Musah, A. A. (2022). Factors Affecting Accountability Village Fund Management. Linguistics and Culture Review , 6 (June), 879–892.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 341,
"width": 231,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Edy, S. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . 126.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 358,
"width": 475,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Eldayanti, N. K. R., Indraswarawati, S. A. P., & Yuniasih, N. W. (2020). Pengaruh Kompetensi Aparatur Desa, Sistem Pengendalian Internal, Integritas dan Akuntabilitas Terhadap Pencegahan Kecurangan (Fraud) Dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa. Hita Akuntansi Dan Keuangan , 465–494.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 399,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hardiningsih, P., Udin, U., Masdjojo, G. N., & Srimindarti, C. (2020). Does Competency, Commitment, and Interna l Control Influence Accountability? Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business , 7 (4), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO4.223",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 439,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hariani, N. K., Merawati, L. K., & Yuliastuti, I. A. N. (2022). Kompetensi dan Peran Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Mewujudkan Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa. Substansi: Sumber Artikel Akuntansi Auditing Dan Keuangan Vokasi , 6 (1), 78–99. https://doi.org/10.35837/subs.v6i1.1765",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 480,
"width": 344,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isidorus, R. V. (2020). 2019, Penyalahgunaan Dana Desa di Papua Capai Rp 4,2 M .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 497,
"width": 477,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kamil, N. L. M., Shariffuddin, S. E., & Rahman, N. H. A. (2022). Nurturing Accountability Practices among Bureaucrats: What Contextual Factors Tell Us? Jurnal Pengurusan , 64 , 45–56. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2022-64-04",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 538,
"width": 476,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Luthfiani, B. M., Asmony, T., & Herwanti, T. (2020). Analisis Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. E-Jurnal Akuntansi , 30 (7), 1886–1899.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 567,
"width": 476,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mada, S., Kalangi, L., & Gamaliel, H. (2017). Pengaruh Kompetensi Aparat Pengelola Dana Desa, Komitmen Organisasi Pemerintah Desa, dan Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa Di Kabupaten Gorontalo. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Auditing , Volume 8 . https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35800/jjs.v8i2.17199",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 619,
"width": 253,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mardiasmo. (2009). Akuntansi Sektor Publik . CV Andi Offset.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 636,
"width": 476,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nafsiah, S. N., & Diana, M. (2020). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa di Kecamatan Indralaya. Jurnal Ilmiah Bina Manajemen , 3 (2).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 665,
"width": 475,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pahlawan, E. W., Wijayanti, A., & Suhendro, S. (2020). Pengaruh kompetensi aparatur desa, sistem pengendalian internal, pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap akuntabilitas pengelolaan dana desa. Indonesia Accounting Journal , 2 (2), 162–172. https://doi.org/10.32400/iaj.29261",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 706,
"width": 476,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pitaloka, B. D. G., Carolina, A., & Abrori, R. (2022). Peran Sistem Integritas, Sistem Pengendalian Internal, Kepem impinan dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 717,
"width": 452,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Akuntabilitas. InFestasi , 18 (2), 143–154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21107/infestasi.v18i2.17534",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 746,
"width": 475,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Purba, H., Kurniawati, E., & Jamain, T. H. (2020). Analysis of Factors Affecting The Accountability of Village Fund",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 59,
"width": 298,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari et.al | Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 2024, 5(2): 269–282",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "282",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 109,
"width": 452,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Allocation Management (Case Study at the Village Office in Pangandaran District Pangandaran Regency). In SSRG International Journal of Economics and Management Studies (SSRG-IJEMS (Vol. 7). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14445/23939125/ijems-v7i3p123",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 149,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Puspa, D. F., & Prasetyo, R. A. (2020). Pengaruh Kompetensi Pemerintah Desa, Sistem Pengendalian Internal, Dan Aksesibilitas Laporan Keuangan Terhadap Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa. Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing & Informasi , 20 (2), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v20i2.7894",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 190,
"width": 477,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rosari, R., & Manabulu, H. A. (2020). Increasing an Accountability of Village Financial Management with Apparatus Competence and Government’s Internal Control System. In Online) Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Bisnis Airlangga (Vol. 5, Issue 2). https://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.31093/jraba.v5i2.209",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 230,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sarah, S., Taufik, T., & Safitri, D. (2020). The Effect of Aparatur Competency, Organizational Commitment, Utilization of Information Technology, Community Participation and Internal Control System of The Accountability of Village Management in Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu . 4 (4), 330–342.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 271,
"width": 475,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari, E. W., Azlina, N., & Julita. (2017). Pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Intern, Penyajian Laporan Keuangan, Aksesibilitas Laporan Keuangan dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah di Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. JOM Fekon , 4 (1), 571–586.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 311,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Savitri, E., Andreas, A., & Gumanti, T. A. (2020). the Effect of Leadership, Internal Control System, and Organizational Commitment on Accountability of Village Financial Management. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen , 18 (3), 522–532. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2020.018.03.12",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 352,
"width": 476,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siang, A., & Deodata. (2018). Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Dana Desa Tahun di Kabupaten Keerom. Jurnal Jendela , 8 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 381,
"width": 477,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sofyani, H., Pratolo, S., & Saleh, Z. (2022). Do Accountability and Transparency Promote Community Trust? Evidence from Village Government in Indonesia. Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change , 18 (3),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 404,
"width": 222,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "397–418. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-06-2020-0070",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 421,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumardi, E., Hersona GW, S., & Nurhasanah, N. (2022). Pengaruh Integritas, Komunikasi dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Gajah Putih Lestari, Banda Aceh . 7 (1), 72–78. https://doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v7i1.338",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 462,
"width": 475,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sweetenia, A. M., Caesari, E. P. A., Aprillia, A. F., & Purwantini, A. H. (2019). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Sistem Pengendalian Internal, Dan Kualitas Penyajian Laporan Keuangan Terhadap Akuntabilitas Pemerintah Desa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 485,
"width": 396,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Analisis Bisnis Ekonomi , 17 (1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.31603/bisnisekonomi.v17i1.2752",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 502,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tran, Y. T., Nguyen, N. P., & Hoang, T. C. (2021). Effects of Leadership and Accounting Capacity on Accountability through the Quality of Financial Reporting by Public Organisations in Vietnam. Journal of Asia Business Studies , 15 (3), 484–502. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-02-2020-0077",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 543,
"width": 476,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Triyono, Achyani, F., & Arfiansyah, M. A. (2019). The Determinat Accountability of Village Funds Management (Study in the Villages in Wonogiri District). Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia , Vol 4 , No 2 (2019) , 118–135. https://doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v4i2.8521",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 583,
"width": 477,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yahya, N., Said, J., Zakaria, N. B., & Musa, K. (2022). Assessing the Relationship of Corporate Integrity Practices With Accountability of Malaysian Statutory Bodies. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing , 18 (1). https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6583/2022.01.001",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 624,
"width": 477,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yesinia, N. I., Yuliarti, N. C., & Puspitasari, D. (2018). Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa. Jurnal ASET (Akuntansi Riset) , 10 (1), 105–112.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 647,
"width": 173,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v10i1.12741",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
3ee13d9c-e494-f08a-375d-013a661bb907 | https://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php/syariah/article/download/2640/1779 | [
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "33 SYARIAH: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Volume 19, Nomor 1, Juni 2019, hlm. 33-54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 113,
"width": 404,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "THE FALL OF PRESIDENT MUHAMMED HOSNI MUBARAK AND THE PROSPECTS FOR DEMOCRATIZATION IN EGYPT",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 184,
"width": 84,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Oleh: Nuril Khasyi’in",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 212,
"width": 415,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Prodi Hukum Tatanegara Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari, Banjarmasin, Jalan Ahmad Yani Km. 4.5 Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 287,
"width": 417,
"height": 371,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstrak: Studi ini membahas kejatuhan rezim Mubarak dengan melihat beragamfaktor penyebab kehancuran legitimasi Mubarak dengan menganalisa pergantian rezim otoriter kearah demokrasi. Gerakan aksi protes 25 Januariini, menjadi usaha nyata untuk mewujudkan impian demokrasi itu. Penelitian ini diawali dengan; usaha Mubarak dalam mencari legitimasinya mendukung kekuasaan barunya dari pihak-pihak oposisi warisan Sadat. Dilanjutkan dengan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan pendukung Mubarak, berpindah menjadi kelompok oposisi yang justru akan menjatuhkannya. Lalu diakhiri dengan kejatuhan Mubarak itu sendiri, setelah Mubarak gagal memberikan konsensi- konsensi yang ditawarkannya. Oposisi dari kelas menengah, bawah dan jugabeberapa elit atas (militer) telahmenjadi aktor utama dalam menumbangkan rezim Mubarak ini.Rezim Mubarak, didominasi oleh kelas-kelas penguasa yang bekerjasama dengan pengusaha dalam mengambil sumber-sumber kekayaan alam Mesir. Penyelewengan kelas atas seperti korupsi, manipulasi pemilu, penangkapan pihak-pihak oposisi dan pelanggaran HAM menjadi hal yang lumrah dalam rezim ini. Pengusaha menjadi partner dekat Mubarak untuk menggali sumber-sumber ekonomi negara. Setelah terjadi krisis ekonomi, kelas-kelas subordinan kemudian bangkit melawan kelas-kelas dominan. Studi ini menggunakan teori replacement dan legitimasi, dengan memakai sumber-sumber pustaka, surat kabar dan jurnal-jurnal untuk membantu memberikan penjelasan yang tajam. Hepotesa dari penelitian ini; pendukung Mubarak akan berpindah menjadi oposisi, jika kebutuhan dan kepentingan mereka tidak terpenuhi, lebih khusus berkaitan dengan kebutuhan ekonomi. Perubahan sikap Mubarak yang lebih mementingkan kemakmuran pengusaha dari pada publik, membuat Mesir menjadi negara yang terpuruk dalam hal ekonomi. Selain itu, penyelewengan kekuasaan oleh pemangku jabatan, membuat pihak yang teraniaya (subordinan) akan terusmaju bergerak melawan kekuasaanrezim otoriter.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 674,
"width": 396,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Mesir, Rezim Otoriter, Krisis Ekonomi, Perubahan Rezim, Kejatuhan Mubarak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 36,
"width": 309,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nuril Khasyi’in, The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak ...34",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 731,
"width": 203,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v19i1.2640",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 417,
"height": 294,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstract: This studydiscussesfall ofthe Mubarak regimeby looking thefactorsandanalyzehow the authoritarian regime changetowarddemocracy. January 25,becamea realefforttorealize that dream. This studybegins witha discussion; effortsin seekingMubarak legitimacytosupport hispowerfromSadat'sopposition, and continued withthe factors thatled Mubarak’s support, movedto be opposition. It’sdescribes theendofMubarakregime. His Oppositionfrom themiddle class, lower classandsomeupperclass(military). They are becamea majoractorinfall ofthe Mubarak regime. Mubarak's regime is dominated by the ruling classes in cooperation with employers in taking the natural resources of Egypt. Upper-class diversion such as corruption, electoral manipulation, arrest opposition parties and human rights abuses became commonplace in this regime. Employers in this regime to explore the economic resources. After the economic crisis, these classes subordinan then rose up against the dominant classes.This study uses a theoretical approach ( replacement and legitimacy) . With this both theoreticals approach will help the authors provide a powerful explanation of the fact that the field has been meticulous writer. Hepotesa of this study was Mubarak's supporters will move into the opposition, if their interests and needs are not met anymore. Mubarak attitude change employers are more concerned with the prosperity of the public, abuse of power by officers, with the pressure of economic crisis, will force the opposition to end with this authoritarian regime.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 421,
"width": 417,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords: Egypt, Authoritarian Regime, Economic Crisis, Regime Change, Fall Mubarak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 475,
"width": 70,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Introduction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 496,
"width": 202,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This journal trying to describes the cause of the resignation of Husni Mobarak as the President of Egypt. Mubarak decides to resign after he lost his legitimacy. It can be seen by his failure and incompetence against the opposition and it make the movement of anti-Mubarak stronger. At the beginning of his leadership, Mubarak tried to embrace all groups in Egypt,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 475,
"width": 202,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "especially to help him facing economic and security crisis at that moment. Those entirethings are to strengthen his legitimacy from the opposition and also from lower middle class in Egypt. After 1990, Mubarak starts to looking his legitimacy from private area with liberalize and privatize government enterprises. This condition, successfully change the image of Mubarak, from",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "35 SYARIAH: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Volume 19, Nomor 1, Juni 2019, hlm. 33-54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 199,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "jumhuriyya (public) support to rijal amal (capital owners) support.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 156,
"width": 202,
"height": 435,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "At the same year, Mubarak regime’s power abuse has also increased. The regimes were free to do some repression for those who considered as opposition through martial laws. With the law, repression and human right violation are becoming more frequent, such as repression to intellectuals, journalists, and students. Those of them are middle class which considered danger because they act critical to the regimes. They revealed the facts of the regime such a corruption, election fraud, drug dealer, prisoner abuse and so on. Those middle class getting stronger because the lower classes also givethem support through their actions against the government. Understand this condition, the regime fight them back to retain their power in Egypt and also to prevent the development of this movement.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 599,
"width": 203,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In May 25 th 2005, the security guards attack the protesters who oppose the proposed amendment to limit the election with one candidate only 1 . In",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 697,
"width": 202,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1 Security Forces Attack Opposition Demonstrators, Human Rights Watch Press,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 289,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "somecase, on the election in 2005, it can be seen by the record that the security guard prohibited the voters entering the polling station. In April 24 th 2006, the police strike the activists which gathered in judge’s association club, and in a days later, they arrested at least 51 members of the club. Besides that, the regime also holds the state security prosecutor through martial laws on charges of participating with the opposition and held the meetings for insulting the president, spreading the propaganda and harmful rumors for the state. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 409,
"width": 202,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "With the martial laws in Egypt, the regime has allowed to arrest everyone or group who considered suspicious. With it, the government have a total authority to arrest and torture person without trial because considered as betrayer and endanger the stability of the country. Moreover, the amendment of legal laws 116/1981 and 109/1971",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 615,
"width": 201,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "August 01, 2005, web: <http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2005/08/01/e gypt-security-forces-attack-opposition- demonstrators>, Oktober 12, 2011.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 662,
"width": 201,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2 Egypt: Troops Smother Protests, Detain Activists, Human Rights Watch Press, May 5, 2006, web: <http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2006/ 05/05/egypt-troops-smother-protests-detain- activists>, Oktober 12, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 36,
"width": 309,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nuril Khasyi’in, The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak ...36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 731,
"width": 203,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v19i1.2640",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 201,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "also expand the responsibilities of the police from maintain public safety to maintain public order. 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 177,
"width": 205,
"height": 330,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The regime further strengthen the protection, particularly to middle and lower class. They even started making arrests, jail, and fired (government employees) often to who considered as a betrayer. With this condition, not surprisingly it found 12.000-15.000 political prisoners. 4 Based on number from Ibnu Khaldun Egypt Center, the number of political prisoners are grow up from 8000 in 1992 to17.191 in 1993. Based on Human Right Organization of Egypt, the number of prisoner who arrested (no political reason) are increased from 5000 in 1990, to 10.000 in 1992 and 16.000 in 1995. 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 514,
"width": 202,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "What the regime did have made worse the legitimate of Mubarak in front",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 573,
"width": 202,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3 Ouda, Jihad, Negad el-Borai, and Hafez Abu Saada, A Door onto the Desert: Egyptian Legislative Elections of 2000 , Cairo, United Group and Friedrich Naumann Foundation, 2001, p. 25.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 632,
"width": 202,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4 Kassem, Maye, Egyptian politics: the dynamics of authoritarian rule , Lynne Rienner, USA, 2004, p.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 656,
"width": 201,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "40. 5 Ibn Khaldun Center, Al-Mujtama’ El-Madani wa al-Tahawwul El-Dimuqrati fi al-watan al-‘arabi, al-taqrir al-sanawi 1994 & 1996, Cairo, 1997, p. 63-66.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 457,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "of the people Egypt. On this journal, the author dividing the three periods of the history of Husni Mubarak, as follows. The first period is called accommodation and tolerance periods. After Mubarak gets the position as the 4 th President of Egypt. He tried to build his power legitimate by the opposition in Sadat regime (The earlier President). In this period, Mubarak is more delicate and wisely in calming the opposition. The second period called as confrontation and repression moment, where the relation between Mubarak and the whole class in Egypt are clashes and conflict began to emerge. On this period, Mubarak began to leave the public interest and pro to private group al Gamal group (Mubarak Sons) and it’s affect to his legitimate in Egypt. The third period is about the fall of Mubarak as the climax of legitimate crisis of him.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 577,
"width": 202,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Those three will be the basic explanation the reasons; why Muhammed Hosni Mubarak charged back from his position as president of Egypt? . Based on this research, the author argued that the economic crisis in Egypt is the one of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "37 SYARIAH: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Volume 19, Nomor 1, Juni 2019, hlm. 33-54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "causes in fall of Mubarak’s regime. This argument also stated in Huntington’sin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 156,
"width": 202,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "his book: Third Wave of Democratization; that, \"Economic",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 198,
"width": 202,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "development creates the foundation for a democratic regime in the long run. In the short term, rapid economic growth and the economic crisis may weaken the authoritarian regime. If economic growth takes place without the economic crisis, it is slowly evolving democracy. When the shaking growth or economic crisis without achieving prosperity in the transition zone, the authoritarian regime itself would collapse, ... 6 The issue of economic crisis in Mubarak periods will be an interesting analysis to seeing what happen in Egypt.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 463,
"width": 202,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hosni Mubarak as the President of Egypt",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 505,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The first period called as an accommodation and tolerances period.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 547,
"width": 202,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This period started with the assassination of Anwar Sadat as the President of Egypt. There are three main problems that left by Sadat. First is related to Egypt’s policies that always",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 674,
"width": 202,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6 Asril Marjohan, ‘ Gelombang Demokratisasi Ketiga’ , Eds: II, Jakarta, Pustaka Utama Grafiti, No. 328/95, 1997, p. 180. In Third Wave of Democratization, Huntington.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "associated with USA. Second is economic crisis and the number of corruption. Third is the policy of reconciliation with Israel, to dealing with that condition, Mubarak then tried to strengthen his legitimate through and pay more attention to those problems.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 261,
"width": 202,
"height": 352,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The effort of Mubarak to strengthen his legitimate last between 1981-1990. On that period, Mubarak trying to make conciliation with people who considered as government oppositions. He made approach to the whole class in Egypt. Fortunately, Mubarak was in a position secure from political side when completing the demands of the opposition is the legacy of Sadat, it because, during his career Mubarak doesn’t have any particular disagreement with the opposition. Moreover, he also doesn’t belong to free officer who gained streght in 1952. With that thing, Mubarak can be more independent on his leadership.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 620,
"width": 202,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "On his first speech, Mubarak said he will continue Sadat policies, but in a soft way, wisely and dynamically. The speech got attention by society because it figures more prudent and tolerant",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 36,
"width": 309,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nuril Khasyi’in, The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak ...38",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 731,
"width": 203,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v19i1.2640",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 584,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "policy for the pros and cons of Sadat. This speech was followed by completing his first attempt polemek legacy of Sadat, the dependency relations between Egypt asnd United States. In this case, mubarak decides to refuse the official development assistance from United Stated for $500 million in 1983, it related to the development of navy. Moreover, Mubarak also decides to not joint with United states operation milter to face Libya. The Rejection is accompanied by economic recovery in the public sector, and also the resistance to corruptions cost the state. On the economic development, Mubarak was increasing the infrastructures projects related to reconstruction, such as communications, transportation, housing, etc. He also improves Egyptian workforce dispatch and creating a partnership with Iraq, in order to increase the Egypt's economics revenue. Then, Mubarak attracts foreign investors, as much as possible to satisfy the people of Egypt. Mubarak also promised will create more job opportunities for students who just graduated. He stressed that he will",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "rehabilitate the public sector, to maximize the productivity and promote investment, because as he pointed out, that's the only and the right solution the economic recovery.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 219,
"width": 202,
"height": 372,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "A campaign to fight against corruption is also directly proved by capturing Sadat’s brother, Ismat, who later trial in 1983. On this period, Mubarak tends itself as an executer of the law. It figuresout, that the regime knows no nepotism; all are equal before the law. To strengthen the support of Sadat's political opponents, In 1982, Mubarak frees the political activist who was arrested and jailed by Sadat; more than a thousand prisoners from various groups community, such as religious, journalists, students, members of professional syndicates and trade unions released. This kind of attitude, another is to ease tension between state relations with opposition.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 599,
"width": 202,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "As related to the treaty with Israel, Mubarak committed to continue the Camp David treaty, but at the same time, he was sure that peace is not translated into a complete normalization",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "39 SYARIAH: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Volume 19, Nomor 1, Juni 2019, hlm. 33-54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "of the social or economic relations.Mubarak assured that Egypt",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 156,
"width": 202,
"height": 288,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "would not be in rush toward the real peace, until Egypt returned into it territories since 1967, and the Palestinians return to their homeland. This sentiment was confirmed in 1982 when Mubarak immediately withdrew its ambassador in Tel Aviv in order protest against the Israel invasion of Lebanon. Moreover, Mubarak also sought to re- warm the Egyptian relations with the Arabian countries. With thissuccessful effort, Mubarak looks to be the support of public welfare in the welfare and prosperity of Egypt.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 451,
"width": 202,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The final effort is to strengthen the support of top-class by giving permission to open the arms industry in addition to military and defense equipment. Also provide the food industry, self-sufficiency and other community needs such as kitchen appliances, farming, farms, plantations and others. Based on these efforts, the legitimacy of the Mubarak nurtured and get lots of support from all groups of community structure.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 113,
"width": 169,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Crisis of Mubarak’s Legitimacy",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 134,
"width": 202,
"height": 479,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The second period, called the period of confrontation and repression. The period begin at 1990s to 2005s. This was a period when the dynamics of relationships that Mubarak’s formed to strengthen his legitimacy began to disintegrate, it shown bythe economic collapse which is a consequences of the authorities’ corruption and the businessmen who taking natural resources in Egypt. Gamal Mubarak is the ultimate symbol of wealth imbalance between workers and private sector elites, the symbol of corruption and greed in Egypt. The emergence of business in the NDP, 7 in government and Al-Sha'ab Magles (House of Representative), make the country as a source of income to enrich them. A biographer of Egypt, Aladdin El-Aasar, estimates that the Mubarak family savings deposits from $ 50 to $ 70 billion dollars. 8 It also happens with the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 638,
"width": 148,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7 National Democratic Party (NDP).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 650,
"width": 201,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "8 Aladdin Elaasar , Egyptians Rise Against Their Pharoah ,Huffington Post,January 28, 2011, web: <http://www.londonthenews.com/news/Worl d/20110128/19166904/Aladdin-Elaasar- Egyptians-Rise-Against-Their-Pharoah.htm>, Oktober 20, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 36,
"width": 309,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nuril Khasyi’in, The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak ...40",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 731,
"width": 203,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v19i1.2640",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 331,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "other authorities in this regime. For example, Ahmed Ezz wealth 'as former Secretary of the NDP estimated £ E18 billion Egyptian pounds 9 ; Ahmed Ezz monopolizing the steel industry in Egypt by holding more than 60% of market share. 10 The wealth of former Housing Minister Ahmed El-Maghraby is also estimated at more than £ E11 billion Egyptian pounds, 11 the former Minister of Tourism Zuhair Wealth Garrana estimated £ E13 billion Egyptian pounds; the wealth of former Minister of Trade and Industry, Rashid Mohamed Rashid, estimated £ E12 billion Egyptian pounds, 12 and the wealth of former",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 451,
"width": 99,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Interior Minister",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 451,
"width": 87,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Habib al-Adly",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 472,
"width": 202,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "estimated £ E8 billion Egyptian pounds. 13 Other who accepted a had",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 538,
"width": 202,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "9 Obama optimistic about Egypt as negotiators make concessions . AHN. February 9, 2011, web: <http://gantdaily.com/2011/02/07/obama- optimistic-about-egypt-as-negotiators-make- concessions/>, October 20, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 597,
"width": 202,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "10 The Report: Egypt 2007, Oxford Business Group, January 2007, web: <http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/produ ct/report/report-emerging-egypt-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 644,
"width": 105,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2007>,October 20, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 656,
"width": 28,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "11 Ibid.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 668,
"width": 28,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "12 Ibid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 679,
"width": 201,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "13 Corrupt files in the cause of the outbreak of the Revolution ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 691,
"width": 202,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "web: <http://holafootball.blogspot.com/2011/02/c",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "received bribes £ E20 million Egyptian pounds is former Secretary of Housing and the attorney general, Mohamed Ibrahim. 14 CAA also revealed many cases of irregularities and corruption amounting tens of millions of Egyptian pounds in the General Federation of Trade Unions led by Hussein. 15",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 573,
"width": 178,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "orrupt-files-in-cause-of-outbreak-of.html>, November 25, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 597,
"width": 201,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "14 Corruption index 2010 from Transparency International: find out how each country compares , bisa diakses di: <http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2 010/oct/26/corruption-index-2010-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 656,
"width": 201,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "transparency-international>, November 25, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 679,
"width": 201,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "15 Harik Iliya, “ Economic Policy Reform in Egypt”, Gainesville:University Press of Florida, 1997, pp. 18–19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "41 SYARIAH: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Volume 19, Nomor 1, Juni 2019, hlm. 33-54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 344,
"width": 201,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Public opinionabout level of corruption in Egypt. 16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 393,
"width": 202,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Beside of the ever-expanding wealth of entrepreneurs of the regime, the Economy of Egypt is suffering and ready to collapse, it shown by the increasing of unemployment and the national debt pile, food crisis. The under pressure from the World Bank, IMF, and the United States relating to the reconstruction of the Egyptian economy are caused it. 17 The fund of the national budget to support the SOEs also",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 650,
"width": 201,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "16 Source: Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, Suported by the Center for International Private Enterprise.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 686,
"width": 202,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "17 Harik Iliya, “ Economic Policy Reform in Egypt”, Gainesville:University Press of Florida, 1997, pp. 18–19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 344,
"width": 202,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "concerned, it because of the inflation begin to affect the welfare state, both quantitatively and quality. This can be seen with the sales of almost 85.300 public sector enterprises to the private sector in 1997.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 471,
"width": 202,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Thus, The Debt was rising about 150 percent, and it became the highest debt in the world at that moment. Realize the condition, Mubarak was forced cut the economics budget up to $ 20 billion, and was forced to cut annual interest payments of debt of $ 2 billion in the next ten years. 18 The evidence of this crisis can be seen from the data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 674,
"width": 201,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "18 Nora Bensahel and Daniel L.Byman , The Future Security Environment in the Middle East: Conflict, Stability, and Political Change , United States, Air Force, 2004, p. 79.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 36,
"width": 309,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nuril Khasyi’in, The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak ...42",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 731,
"width": 203,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v19i1.2640",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 201,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "showing that the Egyptian spending on basic social services dropped from about 6 percent in 1990 to 4 percent in 1993. In addition, the unemployment rate also increased from 10.3% in 2004 to 11.2%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 416,
"width": 46,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "in 2005. 19",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 158,
"top": 437,
"width": 145,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Egypt inflasionfrom 1980-2010. 20",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 475,
"width": 202,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Besides the economic problems, the illiteracy rate in Egypt is still high, jobs are harder and the social disparities are high. Unemployment is driven by the increasing thenumber of the youth, with the graduated number is 4% per annum, making Egypt asa country that has 10",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 632,
"width": 186,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "19 Dau Khalifa Ali and El-Amach Hussein,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 644,
"width": 201,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Social Safety Nets: The Social Development Fund in Egypt , pp. 102–103.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 668,
"width": 197,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "20 http://www.indexmundi.com/egypt/inflation_r ate_%28consumer_prices%29.html.September 12, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 113,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "times more college graduates than available jobs. 21",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 156,
"width": 202,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In the middle of the conflict, the government has struggled to maintain their power. Mubarak's regime has",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 416,
"width": 202,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "always tried to manipulate the elections. In addition, the regime also tried to pressure and paralyzes opposition groups who are trying to win and change the regime. According to the Independent Committee on Election Monitoring (ICEM), 22 the election of 2005 was full of fraud. The thugs",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 597,
"width": 201,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "21 The long-term economic challenges Egypt must overcome , web: <http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/ne w-egypt/long-term-economic-challenges-egypt- must-overcome>, September 09, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 656,
"width": 198,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "22 Independent Committee on Election Monitoring, Press Statement, November 15, 2005,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 679,
"width": 22,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "web:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 691,
"width": 196,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "<http://www.ndi.org/files/1943_eg_icemfirst_ 110905.pdf>, October 12, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "43 SYARIAH: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Volume 19, Nomor 1, Juni 2019, hlm. 33-54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "prevent the voters to enter the polling stations on district of Beni Sueif and Nasser. In the same district in Rab'ah El Adawe'ah, the polls even closed for several hours to prevent the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 219,
"width": 202,
"height": 183,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "MuslimBrotherhood (MB) collecting votes. The International Republican Institute and the Washington-based NGO affiliated with the Republican Party even witnessed the brutal and bloody fights between supporters of candidates, but the police actually looks strangely silent and refused to intervene. 23",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 409,
"width": 202,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "There are at least 18 cases of security forces that entered the polling place, confiscate the camera, beating even the arrest of foreign journalists. 24",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 493,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Moreover, the intimidation of voters is increase, along with reports of beatings",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 556,
"width": 202,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "23 International Republican Institute 2005 Parliamentary Election Assessment in Egypt , International Republican Institute, Edisi; November 15-21, 2005, web: <http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/Egypt",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 615,
"width": 191,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "%27s%202005%20Parliamentary%20Elections",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 627,
"width": 201,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "%20Assessment%20Report.pdf>, October 12,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 638,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 650,
"width": 201,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "24 More than 50 Journalists and Media Workers Harassed, Some Beaten while Covering Elections, Reporters Without Borders, December 9, 2005, web: <http://en.rsf.org/egypt-more-than-50- journalists-and-media-09-12-2005,15881.html>, October 12, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "and arrests of journalists who involved in monitoring the elections. 25 The attitude of this regime eliminates the sympathetic attitude of the Mubarak’s leadership.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 219,
"width": 202,
"height": 394,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The entrepreneurs of the NDP are getting a lot and the style of Sadat’s economic began to return. When the role of the Mubarak’s business community are increase, the entrepreneurs become the functionalist that supports of the régime. Mubarak seen as giving many opportunities to the entrepreneurs who’s invest in government, especially in certain areas. It is proved that the entrepreneurs have a strong relationship with the regime. For example, Ahmed 'Ezz, is a business owner iron and steel. Similarly, Mohammed Abu El-'Anei, friends of Gamal Mubaraka great businessman. Also Gamal Mubarak, he is not only a businessman but also the general secretary of the National Democratic",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 627,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "25 Letter from Human Rights Watch to Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice, Regarding Department of State Comments on Egyptian Elections,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 662,
"width": 201,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "December 01, 2005, web: <http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2005/12/01/l etter-secretary-state-condoleeza-rice-about- department-state-comments-egyptian-elec>,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 709,
"width": 88,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "September 12, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 36,
"width": 309,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nuril Khasyi’in, The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak ...44",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 731,
"width": 203,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v19i1.2640",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 201,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Party (NDP). Their proximity to the ruling regime, enabling them to build the business capital, only through a bank loan without risking your own money.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 198,
"width": 202,
"height": 288,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "At the first of his reign, Mubarak still hesitated to give the role of entrepreneurs in the country. It can be seen from his caution when replacing the public sector with the private sector. He should to do that, to avoid any foreign pressure when applying the economic liberalization. However, after seeing the importance of the role of employers in a regime, it making Mubarak began to adopt liberalization foreconomic of Egypt. After that the role of business community's on Egypt are increased and stronger.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 493,
"width": 202,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Then, entrepreneur becomes functionalist, in order to survive the regime. For example, Gamal Mubarak, he frequently traveled to the United States to discuss about how to to manipulate the Egyptian economy. The intervention of foreign capital in Egyptian politics, eventually led to the growing social gap between foreign businessmen and Egyptian communities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Mubarak gives many opportunities for investment businessmen in his administration, particularly in certain areas (such as industrial activities). This showed up that the investments of entrepreneur are rises, because theyestablish good relations with the ruling regime.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 282,
"width": 202,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "With all these things, private sector growing faster than the public sector during the years of Mubarak, and it contributes more than a half of GNP (Gross National Product). The",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 388,
"width": 202,
"height": 203,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "businessmen have evolved in such a way, thus the cabinet which was formed in July 2004 made two ministers with a business background; Ahmed El- Maghrabi (Minister of Tourism) and Rashid Mohamed Rashid (Minister of Industry). In 2005, there are eight ministers and in 2006, rising to fifteen ministers, nearly half of the cabinet in Magles Sha'ab.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 599,
"width": 202,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The Entrepreneurs with the regime are controlling the economic, political, and social resources in Egypt. For example, the prospective businessman or entrepreneur has started",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "45 SYARIAH: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Volume 19, Nomor 1, Juni 2019, hlm. 33-54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 267,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a block that looks at the general election since the 1990s, and also in the 1995 elections. The owners of capital in trade (import/export) generally seek election in the coastal districts such as Port Said, Ismailia, Damyetta, etc. The agricultural sector, they prefer in rural areas such as Zaqaziq and in industrial sector, candidates focus on major cities such as Cairo and Alexandria. These showing that Mubarak orientation have shifted from promoting the people’s economy to be in favor of entrepreneurs",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 388,
"width": 202,
"height": 330,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Generally, each district has three to five entrepreneurs who are competing for the same seat. This campaign occurs not only between employers official NDP candidates, but also involving a real entrepreneur-independent candidat- es, as well as other candidates who do not find themselves from the NDP representative. In 1995 there were thirty- seven influential members who’s profession as a businessman in Al- Sha'ab Magles. Five years later, the entrepreneurs hold 77 seats or 17% in Magles Al-Sha `ab plus seven committee of economy affair who all came from entrepreneurs. The Egyptian business-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 113,
"width": 202,
"height": 267,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "men continue to strengthen their intimate relationships with high-ranking government officials, even presidents. In this case, many close relatives of top officials becoming big business owners. They can do so because they have the capital and political power by the ruling elite, as Gamal Mubarakwho formed a new faction called the Gamal Mubarak entrepreneurs group. This new camps will be faced with the old group of entrepreneurs who have a longer military deal with Egyptian companies.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 388,
"width": 202,
"height": 330,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The new entrepreneurs under groups of Gamal Mubarak are stronger and growing more than the old one (the military), it because the NDP businessmen have a special protection from the President. This situation makesstrife and divisions among the ruling elite. The military feel losses, particularly which related to self- sufficiency efforts and infrastructure development that taken by the group (Gamal Group). From here,the class cracks up (military against the Mubarak regime), and become rational, if one day the military no longer favor to the regime.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 36,
"width": 308,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nuril Khasyi’in, The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak ...46",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 780,
"width": 203,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v19i1.2640",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 290,
"width": 135,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Military expenditure in Egypt. 26",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 327,
"width": 88,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fall of Mubarak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 348,
"width": 193,
"height": 351,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The third period called the period of the overthrow of the Mubarak regime. This was a period in which the mounting anger of the masses against the regime. After the Tunisian succeeded in overthrowing the regime of Ben Ali, Egypt would be the next country that will participate to overthrow the Mubarak regime. January 25 th is a day of the outbreak of mass protests in Maidan Tahrir. Peoples choose this day as their protests namely as a form of protest, to the treatment and abuse of police to the community (January 25 th is the police day). The protest was attended by thousands and even millions of the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 718,
"width": 178,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "26 Military expenditure in Egypt ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 729,
"width": 185,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<http://www.tradingeconomics.com/egypt/ military-expenditure-percent-of-gdp-wb- data.html>,08 April 2012.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 290,
"width": 194,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "masses, for the purpose of",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 311,
"width": 193,
"height": 415,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "overthrowing Mubarak. Seeing this condition, Mubarak finally offered concessions to the opposition parties is to appoint a new government (the transitional government) and dissolved the old ministers. Furthermore, Mubarak also appointed vice president Omar Suleiman, and promised not to run again on next election. These concessions were not bearing fruit, even the amount of mass in Tahrir just more and more. Looking the conditions are increasingly tenses, Mubarak took the next step to dissolve the force (coercion) of the demonstrators. This forced led to hundreds dead and thousands injured. Seeing the condirion, the world (such as the U.S. and Europe), began appearing to interfere take part, by",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "47 SYARIAH: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Volume 19, Nomor 1, Juni 2019, hlm. 33-54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 193,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "asking Mubarak to step down immediately as a President.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 156,
"width": 157,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the various",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 177,
"width": 194,
"height": 520,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "perceptions, the fall of Mubarak is certainly can’t be separated from the problems of the distribution economic inequality, particularly the division of job land in a fair and equitable. Unequal distribution will continue to get worse, after the rise of inflation and global crisis. Global crisis in 2007- 2008, has led to a wave of conflict among people of lower class, middle class and upper class. Therefore, this crisis has had a huge impact and effect control every aspect of the economy of Egypt, came to the field of tourism, of migrant workers, export earnings, and investment. In response to this economic oppression, the students formed from 6 April Youth Movement , went off his campaign rallies and with protests to demand an economic prosperity via microblogging. Microblogging which includes Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube become a tool to spread the word and discuss the state of Egypt. 27 For",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 736,
"width": 194,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "27 The Arab Spring’s Cascading Effects , web: <http://www.miller- mccune.com/politics/the-cascading-effects-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 113,
"width": 193,
"height": 267,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "example, Asmaa Mahfouz, became one of the activists who were able to persuade other activists and groups for the middle class down to the Maidan Tahrir on January 25. 28 On his action on Youtube, Asmaa convey, that there are 4 poverty in burned himself to demand improved labor costs. In addition, he also explained that the people of Egypt do not be afraid to claim their rights to gather together and take to the streets protesting peacefully.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 388,
"width": 193,
"height": 203,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This invitation was fruitless, because the action campaign on Facebook as well followed by a young executive Ghanim Wael in Google Company. Said Khaled Ghanim picked up the story of a murdered police as a form of protest and propaganda. There are 225,000 people Facebooker activists, then replace them with a photo profile photo Khaled Said. 29",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 599,
"width": 193,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This condition, gained much sympathy of-the-arab-spring-28575/>,December 10, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 653,
"width": 193,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "28 Facebook post that sparked Egypt revolution , web: <http://ibnlive.in.com/news/facebook- post-that-sparked-egypt-revolution/142328- 2.html>, December 10, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 700,
"width": 193,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "29 Mona Eltahawy, On Khaled Said and his effects on Egyptian bloggers and activists ,Huffington Post , June 25, 2010, web: <http://mediaoriente.com/2010/06/25/on- khaled-said-and-his-effects-on-egyptian- bloggers-and-activists/>, January20, 2012.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 36,
"width": 308,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nuril Khasyi’in, The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak ...48",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 780,
"width": 203,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v19i1.2640",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 193,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "from intellectuals, such as Yusuf",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 134,
"width": 193,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Qaradawi and Al Baradie. And they",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 156,
"width": 194,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "then take the same",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 177,
"width": 193,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "action;demonstrated took to the streets, and called on all other",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 219,
"width": 193,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Egyptians who remained in the house, to be joined with the demonstrators. Both of these important figures (Al Baradie and Qaradawi), despite having two different backgrounds, but they are from the same organization, namely the Muslim Brotherhood (MB).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 366,
"width": 158,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The protests in January 25 th ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 388,
"width": 193,
"height": 203,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "apart from the middle class, this action also supported by lower-class opposition, namely the resistance of the workers and the poverty. In example, January 28 th 2011, the widespread labor strikes over the whole of Egypt. More than 500 employees of the Red Crescent are temporary employment contract for 20 years faithful also participated. On",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 599,
"width": 193,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "January 30 th (two days later), the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Egypt formed in the Maidan Tahrir. This federation gathered in Egypt to strike together, and more, they believe that the large-scale strike would clamp position and Mubarak forced him to step down from",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 113,
"width": 194,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "power. 30 A collection of postal workers, bus drivers, steel workers, weavers, workers at the same pharmacy also joined, including 6000 workers in the Suez Canal. 31 This strike must continue to spread to every corner of the Egyptian economy and was followed by several provinces such as: Mansoura, Suez, Luxor, Dairut, Shebin el-Kom, El-Arish, Sohag, Minya, Ismailia, Alexandria and Zagazig. 32",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 366,
"width": 193,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Although it used to said, that the lower classes only a small role in the fight against the regime, but today's demonstration (January 25 th ), a massive strike action raised fears over the lower classes, of the ruling classes, because it threatening the economics system and also harmful to the Mubarak regime. Finally, right on the second Friday February 11 th , 2011, at",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 599,
"width": 193,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "30 Sallam, Hesham, Striking Back at Egyptian Workers , Rewriting History, MER259, web: <http://www.merip.org/mer/mer259/strikin g-back-egyptian-workers>, December 11, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 659,
"width": 193,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "31 Workers at the heart of the revolution , web: <http://www.socialist.ca/socialistworker/SW 2011/issue532/INT- Workers_at_the_heart.html>, December 11, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 718,
"width": 193,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "32 Striking back at egyptian workers , web:<http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index /1914/striking-back-at-egyptian-workers>, Nopember 20, 2011.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "49 SYARIAH: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Volume 19, Nomor 1, Juni 2019, hlm. 33-54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 194,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6pm(Cairo time, the President of Egypt Hosni Mubarak announced his resignation which was read by Vice President Omar Suleiman and",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 198,
"width": 193,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "government Mesirpun taken over the Supreme Military Council (SCAF), led by M. Hussein Tantawi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 271,
"width": 63,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Conclusion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 292,
"width": 193,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "At the end of publication of this manuscript, the author’sconclude that the main cause demanded that Mubarak step down as president of Egypt because of two important factors, namely internal and external factors.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 440,
"width": 105,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Internal factors:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 461,
"width": 193,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Economic crisis is a major issue causing the emergence of lower- class movement in protest. High levels of poverty, unemployment, rising prices of wheat and oil, add a row of misery for the people of Egypt. Thus, with the economic crisis, the legitimacy of Mubarak regime are questionable.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 630,
"width": 193,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The dominant class in this case has always been an important actor in driving the economy in Egypt, but unfortunately, they better utilize the functions of state power, to legalize their interests of particular individuals or groups. The entrepreneurs would",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 113,
"width": 193,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "take refuge with the regime for the safety and legality of the businesses that they do. These special protections eventually support a new row of corruptions that resulted in the contamination of Egyptian economic order. At the same time, when the opposition began to increase",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 282,
"width": 193,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "awareness and to threaten the position of Mubarak, the authoritarian regimes began to make the fight against these oppositions by using martial law 162/1958, to paralyze any action which considered dangerous",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 409,
"width": 193,
"height": 330,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moreover, the manipulation of every election also continued to maintain their position. These things made discontent of lower-class, also forcing the middle class to fight abuses of the class. With the gathering of millions of masses in the Maidan Tahrir, making the group the Mubarak supporters (military), began to turn the bow. The military decided to stay away from Mubarak. Mubarak's alignments attitude over to the new entrepreneurs, will later be the main reason why the military didn’t being a defender of the regime while the demonstration happen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 36,
"width": 308,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nuril Khasyi’in, The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak ...50",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 780,
"width": 203,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v19i1.2640",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 113,
"width": 158,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. External factors (triggers)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 134,
"width": 193,
"height": 457,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Globalization certainly makes the role of the media are so important. Succeed in overthrowing the power of Tunisia Ben Ali, a major trigger for neighboring countries do the same action. Mass media like Al Jazeera, BBC, and some site / web online or microblogging (Youtube, Facebook, Twitter) became a powerful tool to disseminate and inform protests in real-time in this global era. Al Jazeera, be a messenger tools and information divisor important to the people of Egypt or the world. Through this, the protests in January 25 th , running smoothly and get feedback or response from the international community, such as the U.S. and Europe. At the same time, the internationals come to asking Mubarak to immediately end his power and down from his post as president of Egypt.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 599,
"width": 194,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "At the end of this conclusion, from the title of the journal, it can be seen, that internal factors like the economic crisis, national debt, the capitalist business, corruption, and authoritarian-style regime of behavior, such as; suppression, arrests, violations of human rights, electoral",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 113,
"width": 193,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "manipulation, etc.., are the reason that causes Mubarak was forced to resign from his post as president of Egypt.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 177,
"width": 194,
"height": 414,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The external factors just the trigger which inspired the people of Egypt to protest. Because in the absence of triggering factors, does not make the Egyptian people do the same as the people of Tunisia done. Both of these factors (internal and external), would still invite multiple interpretations. But the authors believe that the economic factors are the most strongly reason and the cause of Mubarak’s falls. Due to rapid economic growth accompanied by the economic crisis may weaken the authoritarian regime. Then, when the economic crisis happen without achieving prosperity in the transition zone, the authoritarian regimes will falling soon. This finally proves the Huntington statements, which",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 599,
"width": 193,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "authoritarian regimes are not able to meet the economic needs of its people,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 641,
"width": 149,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "will be destroyed or uprooted.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "51 SYARIAH: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Volume 19, Nomor 1, Juni 2019, hlm. 33-54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 61,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "References",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 134,
"width": 58,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Books:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 156,
"width": 155,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al-Munazzama, al-Misriyya li-",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 177,
"width": 194,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Huquq al-Insan, Halat huquq al-insan fi Misr, al-taqrir al-sanawi li al-‘am 1996 , Cairo, 1997.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 240,
"width": 194,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Harik, Eliya., Economic Policy Reform , University Press of Florida,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 283,
"width": 29,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1997.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 304,
"width": 157,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "--------------- andSullivanDenis,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 325,
"width": 194,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Privatization and Liberalization in the Middle East, The prospects and the fears ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 367,
"width": 153,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indiana University Press, 1992.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 388,
"width": 194,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kassem, Maye, Egyptian politics: the dynamics of authoritarian rule , Lynne",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 430,
"width": 102,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rienner, USA, 2004.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 451,
"width": 194,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ouda, Jihad., Negad el-Borai, and Hafez Abu Saada, A Door onto the Desert:Egyptian Legislative Elections of 2000 , Cairo, United Group and Friedrich Naumann Foundation, 2001.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 557,
"width": 157,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "R. Vyrynen and T. Ohlson",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 578,
"width": 194,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Egypt: Arms Production in the Transnational Context, in Michael Brzoska and Thomas Ohlson, Arms Production in the Third World , London:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 662,
"width": 120,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Taylor & Francis, 1986.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 683,
"width": 194,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Samuel P. Huntington, ‘ Gelombang Demokratisasi Ketiga’ , translate by Asril Marjohan, Cet: II,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 113,
"width": 193,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jakarta, Pustaka Utama Grafiti, No. 328/95, 1997.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 177,
"width": 68,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Journals:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 198,
"width": 194,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "David K. Fieldhouse, Western Imperialism in the Middle East, Arab",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 240,
"width": 53,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Press Review",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 261,
"width": 193,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Issue No. 1749, September 2003.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 304,
"width": 193,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ibn Khaldun Center, Al-Mujtama’ El- Madani wa al-Tahawwul El-Dimuqrati fi al-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 367,
"width": 193,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "watan al-‘arabi, al-taqrir al- sanawi 1994 & 1996, Cairo, 1997, pp.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 409,
"width": 193,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "63-66. Independent Committee on Election Monitoring (ICEM) .Press Statement,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 472,
"width": 59,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "November",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 494,
"width": 47,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15, 2005.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 515,
"width": 194,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Republican Institute, 2005 Parliamentary Election Assessment in Egypt, International Republican Institute,(Ed) November",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 599,
"width": 63,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15-21, 2005.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 620,
"width": 193,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zaki Moheb, Egyptian Business Elites , pp. 96–100.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 674,
"width": 66,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Onlines:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 696,
"width": 193,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aladdin Elaasar, Egyptians Rise Against Their Pharoah ,Huffington Post,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 36,
"width": 308,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nuril Khasyi’in, The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak ...52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 780,
"width": 203,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v19i1.2640",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 113,
"width": 158,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "January 28, 2011, web: <http://www.londonthenews.c om/news/World/20110128/1 9166904/Aladdin-Elaasar- Egyptians-Rise-Against-Their- Pharoah.htm>,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 219,
"width": 158,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "October 20,2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 261,
"width": 193,
"height": 183,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Assessment of the Electoral Framework, Democracy Reporting International and the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights, April 2007, web: <http://www.democracy- reporting.org/downloads/repo rts/dri_egypt.pdf>, October 12, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 451,
"width": 193,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Corrupt files in the cause of the outbreak of the Revolution , web:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 493,
"width": 157,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<http://holafootball.blogspot. com/2011/02/corrupt-files-in- cause-of-outbreak-of.html>, 25 November 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 577,
"width": 193,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Corruption index 2010 from Transparency International: find out how each",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 620,
"width": 158,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "country compares , web: <http://www.guardian.co.uk/ news/datablog/2010/oct/26/c orruption-index-2010- transparency-international>, November 25,2011.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 113,
"width": 193,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Egypt: Troops Smother Protests, Detain",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 134,
"width": 194,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Activists, Human Rights Watch Press, May 5, 2006, web: <http://www.hrw.org/en/new s/2006/ 05/05/egypt-troops-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 219,
"width": 147,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "smother-protests-detain- activists>, Oktober 12, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 261,
"width": 121,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Egyptian Revolution , web:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 282,
"width": 156,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /2011_Egyptian_revolution>, Pebruary04, 2012.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 345,
"width": 193,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ezzat Dina, Not Strictly Public , Al- Ahram Weekly, March 9, 2006, bisa diakses",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 409,
"width": 189,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "di: <http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2006/78 5/index.htm>, April 12, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 472,
"width": 194,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Facebook post that sparked Egypt revolution , web:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 514,
"width": 193,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<http://ibnlive.in.com/news/f acebook-post-that-sparked- egypt-revolution/142328- 2.html>, December 10, 2011. Kirkpatrick, David D, David E, Sanger, A Tunisian-Egyptian link that shook",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 662,
"width": 157,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arab history. The New York Times, February 13, 2011, web: <http://www.nytimes.com/20",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 725,
"width": 152,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11/02/14/world/middleeast/1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 746,
"width": 71,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4egypt-tunisia-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "53 SYARIAH: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran Volume 19, Nomor 1, Juni 2019, hlm. 33-54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 113,
"width": 110,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "protests.html?_r=1>, October20, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 156,
"width": 193,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Letter from Human Rights Watch to",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 177,
"width": 194,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice, Regarding Department of State Comments on Egyptian Elections, December 01, 2005,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 261,
"width": 26,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "web:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 282,
"width": 158,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<http://www.hrw.org/en/new s/2005/12/01/letter-secretary- state-condoleeza-rice-about- department-state-comments- egyptian-elec>, tanggal:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 388,
"width": 102,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "September 12, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 409,
"width": 194,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mona Eltahawy, On Khaled Said and his effects on Egyptian bloggers and activists, Huffington Post, June 25, 2010,web: <http://mediaoriente.com/20",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 514,
"width": 150,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10/06/25/on-khaled-said-and- his-effects-on-egyptian- bloggers-and-activists/>, January20, 2012.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 599,
"width": 193,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "More than 50 Journalists and Media Workers Harassed, Some Beaten while",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 641,
"width": 158,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Covering Elections, Reporters",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 662,
"width": 157,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Without Borders, December 9,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 683,
"width": 29,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2005,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 683,
"width": 158,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "web: <http://en.rsf.org/egypt- more-than-50-journalists-and-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 746,
"width": 64,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "media-09-12-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 113,
"width": 157,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2005,15881.html>, October 12, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 156,
"width": 194,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Obama optimistic about Egypt as negotiators make concessions . AHN. February 9, 2011, web: <http://gantdaily.com/2011/0 2/07/obama-optimistic-about-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 261,
"width": 157,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "egypt-as-negotiators-make- concessions/>, October 20, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 324,
"width": 194,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ralph Miliband, Socialist Advance in Britain , The Socialist Register 1983, p.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 366,
"width": 158,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "103-120. Web: <http://www.marxists.org/arc hive/miliband/1983/xx/advan ce.htm>, April 04,2012.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 451,
"width": 194,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sallam, Hesham, Striking Back at",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 472,
"width": 182,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Egyptian Workers , Rewriting History,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 493,
"width": 50,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MER259,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 488,
"top": 493,
"width": 26,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "web:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 514,
"width": 150,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<http://www.merip.org/mer/",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 535,
"width": 193,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mer259/striking-back-egyptian- workers>, December 11, 2011. Security Forces Attack Opposition",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 599,
"width": 194,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Demonstrators, Human Rights Watch Press, August 01, 2005, web: <http://www.hrw.org/en/new",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 683,
"width": 157,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "s/2005/08/01/egypt-security- forces-attack-opposition- demonstrators>, October 12, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 36,
"width": 308,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nuril Khasyi’in, The Fall Of President Muhammed Hosni Mubarak ...54",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 780,
"width": 203,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sy.v19i1.2640",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 177,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Striking back at egyptian workers , web:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 134,
"width": 153,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<http://www.jadaliyya.com/pa ges/index/1914/striking-back- at-egyptian-workers>, November 20,2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 219,
"width": 124,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The 2011 Time 100, web:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 240,
"width": 160,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<http://www.time.com/time/ specials/packages/article/0,288 04,2066367_2066369,00.html>, December 10, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 324,
"width": 193,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Arab Spring’s Cascading Effects, web:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 345,
"width": 188,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<http://www.miller- mccune.com/politics/the-cascading- effects-of-the-arab-spring-28575/>,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 409,
"width": 101,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "December 10, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 430,
"width": 193,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Report: Egypt 2007, Oxford Business Group, January 2007, web: <http://www.oxfordbusinessg roup.com/product/report/rep ort-emerging-egypt-2007>, October 20, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
fde783a0-71c0-0dfd-2639-d61af2f7d428 | http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/ma/article/download/9331/7106 | [
{
"left": 140,
"top": 793,
"width": 315,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright @ 2020, Media Akuakultur, p-ISSN 1907-6762; e-ISSN 2502-9460",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 792,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "89",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 39,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Media Akuakultur, 15 (2), 2020, 89-96",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 704,
"width": 226,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "# Korespondensi: Loka Riset Budidaya Rumput Laut. Jl. Pelabuhan Etalase Perikanan, Tabulo Selatan, Kec. Mananggu, Kab. Boalemo, Gorontalo 96265, Indonesia Tel.: +62 812 41348584 E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 71,
"width": 290,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tersedia online di: http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/ma",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 114,
"width": 456,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KAJIAN BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT Gelidium corneum DENGAN BEBERAPA METODE DAN PENEMPATAN BIBIT DI PERAIRAN TABULO SELATAN, GORONTALO",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 159,
"width": 297,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wiwin Kusuma Perdana Sari # , Dhini Arum Pratiwi, dan Muslimin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 180,
"width": 134,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Loka Riset Budidaya Rumput Laut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 191,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jl. Pelabuhan Etalase Perikanan, Tabulo Selatan, Kec. Mananggu, Kab. Boalemo, Gorontalo 96265",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 211,
"width": 436,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Naskah diterima: 25 September 2020; Revisi final: 8 Desember 2020; Disetujui publikasi: 11 Desember 2020)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 242,
"width": 36,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 265,
"width": 414,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rumput laut Gelidium corneum merupakan salah satu spesies rumput laut penghasil agar dengan kandungan agarosa tertinggi dibandingkan jenis rumput laut lainnya. Hingga saat ini, produksi rumput laut Gelidium corneum masih mengandalkan perolehan dari alam sehingga volumenya masih sangat terbatas. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, kajian terhadap upaya budidaya rumput laut G. corneum dengan menerapkan beberapa teknik budidaya rumput laut yang sudah ada untuk mendapatkan metode dan penempatan bibit budidaya yang paling sesuai untuk G. corneum. Kegiatan uji coba dilakukan di perairan Tabulo Selatan, Gorontalo. Rancangan percobaan didesain menggunakan faktorial yang terdiri atas dua, yaitu faktor metode (long line dan kantong) dan faktor penempatan bibit di dalam perairan (permukaan dan dasar). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode kantong yang ditempatkan di dasar perairan menunjukkan performansi pertumbuhan rumput laut G. corneum yang paling baik, dengan nilai rata-rata laju pertumbuhan harian 2,92%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 398,
"width": 283,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KATA KUNCI: budidaya; Gelidium corneum; Gorontalo; rumput laut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 420,
"width": 414,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT: Study on the cultivation of Gelidium corneum by several methods and placement of seeds in South Tabulo waters, Gororntalo. By: Wiwin Kusuma Perdana Sari, Dhini Arum Pratiwi, and Muslimin",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 466,
"width": 414,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gelidium corneum produces agar with the highest agarose content compared to other seaweed species. The current production of G. corneum still relies heavily on wild stock which is very limited. This study was conducted to determine the best cultivation technique and seed placement in the farming of G. corneum. The study was carried out in the waters of South Tabulo, Gorontalo. This study used a factorial design which consisted of two cultivation methods (long line and bag) and two seed placement levels in the waters (surface and bottom). From the four treatments, G. corneum grown in the bags and placed at the bottom showed the best growth performance with a mean daily growth rate of 2.92%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 553,
"width": 235,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KEYWORDS: culture; Gelidium corneum; Gorontalo; Seaweed",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 581,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 598,
"width": 228,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemanfaatan hasil ekstraksi rumput laut berupa agar di bidang bioteknologi semakin meningkat. Perdagangan agar di dunia sebagai bahan baku maupun sebagai produk jadi semakin berkembang dari tahun ke tahun. Jepang merupakan salah satu negara konsumen agar dengan volume kebutuhan sekitar 2.000 ton per tahun. Industri agar dalam negerinya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 581,
"width": 226,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sendiri sudah sangat maju sehingga Jepang hanya mengimpor rumput laut penghasil agar dengan kualitas A. Negara lain yang memiliki tingkat kebutuhan agar tinggi antara lain Amerika, Jerman, Italia, Thailand, Singapura, dan Malaysia (Fransiska & Murdinah, 2007). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peluang dan prospek pengembangan industri rumput laut penghasil agar masih cukup besar pasarnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 688,
"width": 225,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Agar merupakan salah satu produk utama hasil ekstraksi rumput laut kelompok Rhodophyta. Rumput laut penghasil agar mayoritas berasal dari ordo Gracilariales dan Gelidiales (Cole & Seath, 1990). Kandungan agar dalam rumput laut menjadi hal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 794,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "90",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 794,
"width": 312,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright @ 2020, Media Akuakultur, p-ISSN 1907-6762; e-ISSN 2502-9460",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 39,
"width": 333,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kajian budidaya rumput laut Gelidium corneum dengan ..... (Wiwin Kusuma Perdana Sari)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 71,
"width": 227,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "penting dalam pemilihan bahan baku untuk ekstraksi agar. Fraksi agar yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi yakni agarosa. Harga agarosa komersial per 100 g adalah sekitar Rp1.478.600,00 jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan agar untuk produk makanan yakni sekitar Rp7.000,00 per 100 g (Fransiska & Murdinah, 2007). Kandungan agarosa rumput laut Gelidium lebih tinggi dibanding Gracilaria, sehingga Gelidium lebih berpotensi sebagai penghasil agarosa (Chapman & Chapman, 1980).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 201,
"width": 227,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tingginya potensi ekonomi rumput laut Gelidium tidak sebanding dengan potensi produksinya di alam. Irianto (2006) menyebutkan bahwa potensi produksi rumput laut Gelidium di Indonesia adalah sekitar 4.500 ton basah yang diperoleh dari Pulau Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, dan Nusa Tenggara. Jumlah produksi Gelidium tersebut jauh di bawah potensi produksi rumput laut Gracilaria yang mencapai 28.300 ton basah. Hal ini disebabkan karena usaha budidaya rumput laut Gracilaria sudah sangat berkembang, tidak seperti rumput laut Gelidium yang hingga saat ini masih mengandalkan produksi dari alam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 356,
"width": 227,
"height": 275,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tingginya permintaan bahan baku agar, khususnya agarosa, menjadi dasar pentingnya mengembangkan teknik budidaya Gelidium untuk tetap dapat mempertahankan suplai bahan baku tersebut. Sampai saat ini usaha membudidayakan Gelidium di alam masih belum berkembang. Bentuk talus Gelidium yang relatif kecil bila dibandingkan dengan Gracilaria atau Eucheuma menyebabkan usaha budidaya Gelidium dengan teknik budidaya rumput laut yang ada saat ini masih sulit berkembang (Sjafrie, 1999). Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, pada tahun 2017 dilakukan kegiatan penelitian kajian budidaya rumput laut Gelidium corneum dengan metode konvensional yang umum diterapkan pada saat ini. Metode long line dipilih karena merupakan metode paling populer dalam usaha budidaya rumput laut di Indonesia, sedangkan metode kantong dipilih dengan mempertimbangkan morfologi talus G. corneum yang berukuran kecil. Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dua metode budidaya rumput laut beserta penempatannya di perairan yang paling sesuai untuk rumput laut G. corneum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 642,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BAHAN DAN METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 664,
"width": 130,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 680,
"width": 227,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Budidaya dilakukan di perairan Tabulo Selatan, Kecamatan Mananggu Kabupaten Boalemo, Gorontalo pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan November 2017 (Gambar 1). Lokasi uji coba budidaya dipilih berdasarkan pertimbangan potensi perairan Provinsi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 71,
"width": 227,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gorontalo yang memenuhi syarat tumbuh rumput laut berdasarkan laporan penelitian Suhaimi et al. (2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 107,
"width": 147,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bahan dan Konstruksi Budidaya",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 125,
"width": 227,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bahan utama pada uji coba ini adalah rumput laut Gelidium corneum yang berasal dari perairan Pantai Krakal, Yogyakarta yang merupakan sentra produksi alami rumput laut G. corneum (Gambar 2). Bibit rumput laut diaklimatisasi di perairan Tabulo Selatan dengan menempatkannya dalam kotak waring berukuran 1 m x 1 m selama tujuh hari sebelum diberi perlakuan uji. Bibit yang digunakan dalam perlakuan uji coba budidaya dalam penelitian ini adalah yang kondisinya baik setelah aklimatisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 256,
"width": 227,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konstruksi budidaya menggunakan tali nilon nomor 12 yang disusun membentuk persegi panjang, dengan ukuran 6 m x 5 m yang memuat enam tali bentangan dengan panjang tiap bentangan yakni 5 m. Tali bentangan rumput laut menggunakan tali nilon nomor 6, yang di dalamnya terdapat tali cincin yang berfungsi untuk mengikat rumpun rumput. Kantong rumput laut dibuat dari bahan waring hitam yang dibentuk silinder berdiameter 25 cm dan tinggi 30 cm dengan bantuan rangka besi berbentuk lingkaran. Dalam satu tali bentangan memuat 20 buah kantong rumput laut (Gambar 3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 419,
"width": 100,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rancangan Percobaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 435,
"width": 227,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yakni rancang acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan dua faktor yang diujikan, yaitu faktor metode budidaya (long line dan kantong) dan faktor penempatannya di perairan (permukaan dan dasar perairan). Setiap perlakuan diulang enam kali, dengan jumlah tali ris sebagai pengulangannya. Penempatan di dasar perairan dilakukan di daerah pasang surut dengan kedalaman sekitar 1,5 m dan tetap tergenang pada saat surut terendah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 567,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setiap unit perlakuan menggunakan rumput laut",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 580,
"width": 227,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "G. corneum dengan bobot awal 10 g. Pada metode long line, rumput laut yang telah ditimbang diikatkan langsung pada tali cincin, sedangkan pada metode kantong, rumput laut dimasukkan ke dalam kantong tanpa diikat. Setiap unit perlakuan kemudian diikatkan pada konstruksi budidaya rumput laut yang berada di permukaan dan dasar perairan (Gambar 3) dan dipelihara selama 30 hari. Pengukuran pertumbuhan diukur dengan cara menimbang bobot basah rumput laut G. corneum pada semua titik. Penimbangan dilakukan setiap 15 hari untuk meminimalisir stress pada talus rumput laut yang mungkin terjadi ketika terlalu sering dibongkar pasang untuk penimbangan. Pemantauan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 793,
"width": 315,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright @ 2020, Media Akuakultur, p-ISSN 1907-6762; e-ISSN 2502-9460",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 792,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "91",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 39,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Media Akuakultur, 15 (2), 2020, 89-96",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 350,
"width": 124,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Lokasi budidaya. Figure 1. Cultivation site.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 487,
"width": 301,
"height": 211,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 m 25 cm 25 cm 5 m Dasar perairan (water bottom) 5 m 1 m 25 cm 25 cm Permukaan (water surface) perairan Gambar 2. Gelidium corneum. Figure 2.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 500,
"width": 80,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gelidium corneum.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 735,
"width": 224,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 3. Desain konstruksi budidaya G. corneum. Figure 3. Cultivation design of G. corneum.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 794,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "92",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 794,
"width": 312,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright @ 2020, Media Akuakultur, p-ISSN 1907-6762; e-ISSN 2502-9460",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 39,
"width": 333,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kajian budidaya rumput laut Gelidium corneum dengan ..... (Wiwin Kusuma Perdana Sari)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 71,
"width": 227,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kebersihan konstruksi budidaya dilakukan setiap tiga hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 106,
"width": 94,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel Pengukuran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 123,
"width": 227,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel respons utama yang diukur meliputi laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH). LPH dihitung dari hasil penimbangan bobot basah yang dilakukan setiap 15 hari dengan menggunakan rumus menurut Dawes (1994) yakni:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 212,
"width": 152,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "di mana: LPH = laju pertumbuhan harian (%/hari)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 235,
"width": 186,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wt = bobot basah rumput laut pada waktu t (g)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 247,
"width": 183,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wo = bobot basah rumput pada waktu awal (g)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 258,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "t = periode pengamatan (hari)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 277,
"width": 227,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel pendukung yang diukur yakni kualitas air in-situ meliputi suhu, salinitas, pH, kecepatan arus permukaan, serta intensitas cahaya matahari, di lokasi pengambilan sampel di Pantai Krakal, Yoyakarta pada saat survai awal dan pengambilan sampel, dan juga di lokasi uji coba budidaya di Pantai Tabulo Selatan, Gorontalo setiap tiga hari pada saat pemantauan kebersihan konstruksi budidaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 382,
"width": 227,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengukuran laju pertumbuhan harian G. cor- neum dianalisis ragam untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh metode dan penempatan bibit terhadap pertumbuhannya. Uji lanjut menggunakan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT) untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan teknik budidaya G. corneum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 466,
"width": 95,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN BAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 488,
"width": 176,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut G. corneum",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 503,
"width": 227,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rerata bobot rumput laut G. corneum berdasarkan hasil penimbangan yang dilakukan setiap 15 hari ditunjukan pada Gambar 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 71,
"width": 227,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Unit perlakuan yang menggunakan kantong rumput laut menunjukkan performa pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan unit perlakuan long line. Rumput laut G. corneum yang diikatkan langsung pada tali bentangan pada metode long line banyak yang terlepas dari ikatan sehingga ketika ditimbang pada hari ke- 15 pemeliharaan, bobotnya mengalami penurunan dari bobot awal tanamnya, dan tidak tersisa lagi pada penimbangan hari ke-30. Hal ini dikarenakan kondisi talus G. corneum yang sangat kecil dibandingkan jenis rumput laut budidaya lainnya, sehingga mudah terlepas dari ikatan saat berada di perairan yang berarus dan berombak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 240,
"width": 227,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penggunaan metode kantong baik yang ditempatkan di permukaan perairan maupun di dasar perairan membuat rumput laut G. corneum dapat bertahan selama pemeliharaan hingga hari ke-30. Penggunaan kantong membuat rumpun rumput laut G. corneum yang berukuran kecil tidak hilang terbawa arus ombak perairan, sehingga mampu bertahan tumbuh. Penempatan kantong pada permukaan dan dasar perairan menghasilkan respons pertumbuhan berbeda. Rumput laut G. corneum yang dibudidayakan dalam kantong dan ditempatkan di dasar perairan (kantong dasar) menghasilkan bobot akhir lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang diletakkan dalam kantong tetapi ditempatkan di permukaan (kantong permukaan). Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan karena penempatan di dasar perairan sesuai dengan habitat asli G. corneum, sehingga pertumbuhannya lebih maksimal, bahkan meningkat terus hingga akhir pemeliharaan. Hal tersebut erat kaitannya dengan distribusi nutrisi perairan seperti yang disebutkan oleh Santoso (2006) bahwa secara alamiah nutrisi terdistribusi dari permukaan sampai ke dasar perairan, semakin ke dasar kadarnya semakin tinggi sebagai akibat dari dasar laut yang lebih kaya kandungan nutrisinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 188,
"width": 356,
"height": 567,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " 1 ..... 100% x t Wo Ln Wt Ln LPH Gambar 4. Rerata bobot basah rumput laut G.corneum selama waktu pemeliharaan.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 759,
"width": 298,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4. Average of fresh weight of G. corneum during culture period.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 558,
"width": 280,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 15 30 R er at a b o b o t b as ah G . co rn eu m Av er ag e of f re sh w ei gh t of G . co rn eu m (g ) Waktu pemeliharaan (hari) Culture periode (days) Long line permukaan (Long line surface) Long line dasar (Long line bottom) Kantong permukaan (Bag surface) Kantong dasar (Bag bottom) Long line permukaan (Surface long line)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 570,
"width": 124,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Long line dasar (Bottom long line) Kantong permukaan (Bag surface)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 591,
"width": 100,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kantong dasar (Bag bottom)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 793,
"width": 315,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright @ 2020, Media Akuakultur, p-ISSN 1907-6762; e-ISSN 2502-9460",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 792,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "93",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 39,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Media Akuakultur, 15 (2), 2020, 89-96",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 227,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kondisi kantong dan rumput laut G. corneum pada perlakuan kantong permukaan sangat kotor karena adanya penempelan suspensi perairan, serta organisme penempel, jauh berbeda dengan perlakuan kantong dasar yang lebih bersih. Muslimin & Sari (2017) melaporkan bahwa penggunaan kantong untuk budidaya rumput laut Sargassum sp. berisiko terhadap terjadinya penempelan suspensi perairan dan hama. Suspensi yang menempel dapat menghalangi penetrasi cahaya dan nutrisi perairan yang dibutuhkan rumput laut. Sejalan dengan hal itu, Redmon et al. (2014) menyebutkan bahwa organisme penempel dan beberapa jenis predator alami dapat menjadi masalah utama dalam budidaya rumput laut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 252,
"width": 227,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peningkatan bobot rumput laut G. corneum (Gambar 4) tidak selalu berarti bahwa laju pertumbuhan hariannya juga selalu meningkat (Gambar 5).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 306,
"width": 227,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Laju pertumbuhan harian rumput laut G. corneum yang dibudidayakan dengan metode kantong mengalami peningkatan hingga hari ke-15 dengan nilai LPH >3%. Anggadiredja et al. (2011) menyebutkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan yang baik untuk rumput laut adalah tidak kurang dari 3%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 386,
"width": 227,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Walaupun bobot basah rumput laut dalam kantong di dasar perairan mengalami peningkatan (Gambar 4) hingga hari ke 15, tetapi laju pertumbuhan hariannya menurun menjadi 2,92% setelah 15 hari pemeliharaan hingga hari ke-30. Nursyahran & Reskiati (2013) melaporkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan talus rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii mengalami peningkatan pada fase-fase awal pertumbuhannya hingga mencapai titik maksimal dan kemudian menurun setelahnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 71,
"width": 227,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil analisis ragam (ANOVA) diketahui bahwa perlakuan metode budidaya maupun penempatannya di perairan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan rumput laut G. corneum pada taraf uji 5% (P<0,05). Penerapan metode long line berbeda nyata secara statistik jika dibandingkan dengan penerapan metode kantong dalam ujicoba budidaya G. corneum ini. Demikian juga dengan penempatan konstruksi budidaya G. corneum di permukaan perairan juga berbeda nyata dengan yang ditempatkan pada dasar perairan. Uji lanjut beda nyata terkecil antar perlakuan juga menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antar perlakuan (Gambar 6).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 241,
"width": 227,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlakuan metode long line dan kantong memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan rumput laut G. corneum. Penempatan kantong rumput laut di dasar perairan juga memberikan hasil yang berbeda sangat signifikan dibandingkan dengan perlakuan teknik pemeliharaan lainnya. Hasil uji coba budidaya ini menunjukkan bahwa metode budidaya G. corneum dengan menerapkan perpaduan metode kantong dan menempatkannya pada dasar perairan memberikan hasil pertumbuhan yang lebih baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 386,
"width": 227,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aries & Jubaedah (2011) pernah melakukan uji coba budidaya Gelidium amansii dengan metode vertikal long line, di mana rumput laut diikatkan pada media tanam berupa “pocket mutiara”, digantungkan pada tali bentangan pada kedalaman 1 m dari permukaan laut, dipelihara selama 65-70 hari. Pada uji coba tersebut, diperoleh pertumbuhan Gelidium amansii yang sangat lambat, yaitu hanya bertambah sekitar 2-3 g pada akhir pemeliharaan. Hal tersebut diduga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 521,
"width": 305,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 5. Laju pertumbuhan harian rumput laut G. corneum selama pemeliharaan. Figure 5. Daily growth rate of G. corneum during the culture period. -8.00 -6.00 -4.00 -2.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 15 30 La ju p er tu m b u h an h ar ia n ( % /h ar i) D ai ly g ro w th r at e (% /d ay s) Waktu pemeliharaan (hari) Culture period (days) Long line permukaan (Long line surface) Long line dasar (Long line bottom)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 636,
"width": 124,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kantong permukaan (Bag surface) Kantong dasar (Bag bottom)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 613,
"width": 145,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Long line permukaan (Surface long line)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 625,
"width": 124,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Long line dasar (Bottom long line) Kantong permukaan (Bag surface) Kantong dasar (Bag bottom)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 794,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "94",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 794,
"width": 312,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright @ 2020, Media Akuakultur, p-ISSN 1907-6762; e-ISSN 2502-9460",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 39,
"width": 333,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kajian budidaya rumput laut Gelidium corneum dengan ..... (Wiwin Kusuma Perdana Sari)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 325,
"width": 227,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "karena rumput laut Gelidium amansii yang dijadikan bahan uji tidak mampu beradaptasi dengan baik terhadap perubahan lingkungan, yaitu perpindahan hidup dari dasar perairan menuju ke permukaan perairan. Beberapa sampel uji diketahui mengalami perubahan pigmen warna talus, dari warna merah kecoklatan berubah ke warna hijau hingga menjadi putih dan mati. Kondisi yang sama juga dialami pada penelitian ini, yaitu kondisi perubahan warna talus menjadi hijau dengan perlakuan kantong permukaan pada pengamatan hari ke 15. Pada sampling hari ke-30 sebagian besar talus sudah mengalami perubahan warna dan juga dijumpai adanya penempelan suspensi perairan dan organisme epifit. Kondisi yang berbeda dijumpai pada talus rumput laut G. corneum dengan perlakuan kantong dasar. Penempatan di dasar perairan mencerminkan seperti kondisi habitat aslinya, sehingga menjadikan talus rumput laut G. corneum tetap berwarna merah kecoklatan dan lebih bersih karena tidak ditempeli suspensi perairan, serta organisme epifit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 594,
"width": 227,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil uji coba budidaya rumput laut Gelidium sp. dengan metode kantong juga dikembangkan oleh Simatupang et al. (2019), dan mendapati bahwa penerapan metode kantong untuk budidaya rumput laut Gelidium sp. menunjukkan performa terbaiknya pada ketika diletakkan pada dasar perairan dengan substrat batu karang dibandingkan jenis substrat lainnya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa rumput laut Gelidium sp. tersebut masih menunjukkan ketergantungan pada substrat dasar seperti habitat aslinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 325,
"width": 227,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sjafrie (1999) menyebutkan bahwa proses perubahan warna pada talus Gelidium antara lain disebabkan oleh berkurangnya kandungan phycobilin (phycocianin dan phycoerithrin). Selain itu, cahaya diketahui akan memengaruhi warna dan morfologi talus Gelidium. Bleaching (pemutihan) akan terjadi apabila Gelidium berada pada intensitas cahaya tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 425,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kualitas Perairan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 444,
"width": 227,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data hasil pengukuran beberapa parameter kualitas perairan disajikan pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 475,
"width": 227,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setiap makhluk hidup memiliki toleransi yang berbeda terhadap suhu lingkungan hidupnya. Santelices (1988) menyebutkan bahwa suhu berpengaruh terhadap sebaran vertikal dari rumput laut Gelidium. Suhu optimum bagi pertumbuhan rumput laut Gelidium berbeda-beda tergantung jenisnya. G. cartilagenum dan G. nudiform yang mampu hidup pada kedalaman 13-14 m dapat bertahan hidup pada suhu di bawah 30°C-32°C, sedangkan G. pussilum yang hidup di daerah terumbu tumbuh baik pada suhu 20°C. G. rex yang hidup di daerah tubir tumbuh optimal pada suhu 15°C. Pada penelitian ini, hasil pengukuran suhu di lokasi budidaya tidak berbeda jauh dengan kisaran suhu di habitat asalnya di Pantai Krakal, Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 658,
"width": 227,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kemampuan adaptasi Gelidium terhadap salinitas juga cukup bervariasi, tergantung dari masing-masing jenis. G. pussilum memiliki kisaran salinitas 26,3- 31,36 ppt. G. corneum dari Texas dapat hidup pada salinitas antara 13-37 ppt (Santelices, 1988). Atmadja & Sulistijo (1988) menyebutkan bahwa di Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 285,
"width": 316,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 6. Laju pertumbuhan harian pada akhir pemeliharaan hari ke-30. Figure 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 75,
"width": 354,
"height": 233,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daily growth rate at the end of the culture period. 1,329253733 2,922855542 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 Longline permukaan (longline-surface)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 214,
"width": 65,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Longline dasar (longline-bottom)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 75,
"width": 360,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kantong Permukaan (bag-surface) Kantong Dasar (bag- bottom) La ju p er tu m b u h an h ar ia n ( % /h ar i) (D ai ly g ro w th r at e (% /d ay )) Perlakuan (Treatment) a a b c Long line permukaan Surface long line Long line dasar",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 212,
"width": 136,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bottom long line Kantong permukaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 212,
"width": 131,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Surface bag Kantong dasar Bottom bag",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 793,
"width": 315,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright @ 2020, Media Akuakultur, p-ISSN 1907-6762; e-ISSN 2502-9460",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 792,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "95",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 39,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Media Akuakultur, 15 (2), 2020, 89-96",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 71,
"width": 313,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Kisaran hasil pengukuran beberapa parameter kualitas perairan Table 1. Range of measurement result for several water quality parameters",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 283,
"width": 227,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gelidium cenderung hidup di daerah bersalinitas tinggi antara 33-34 ppt. Hal ini sesuai dengan kondisi perairan di Tabulo Selatan yang memiliki kisaran salinitas antara 32-34 ppt. Kondisi alami ini berbeda dengan perairan Pantai Krakal dengan salinitas yang lebih tinggi pada kisaran 35-37 ppt. Hal ini kemungkinan terkait dengan lokasi di perairan Tabulo Selatan yang terdapat muara sungai sehingga memengaruhi kadar salinitas di perairan pantainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 401,
"width": 227,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Derajat keasaman (pH) perairan memengaruhi toksisitas suatu perairan. Sebagian besar organisme akuatik sensitif terhadap perubahan pH. Rumput laut umumnya dapat tumbuh dengan baik pada kisaran pH 7-8,5 (Aslan, 1998). Nilai pH perairan di lokasi ujicoba budidaya ini relatif stabil dan masih dalam kisaran normal, sehingga tidak menjadi faktor pembatas pertumbuhan rumput laut Gelidium sp. Kondisi pH perairan di lokasi budidaya cukup sesuai dengan kondisi perairan di Pantai Krakal, Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 532,
"width": 227,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kecepatan arus permukaan di perairan Tabulo Selatan, Gorontalo tergolong rendah dibandingkan dengan kondisi habitat alami Gelidium sp. di pantai selatan Yogyakarta (Tabel 1). Pengukuran kecepatan arus di beberapa lokasi pantai selatan Yogyakarta yang dilakukan Pangururan et al. (2015) di titik arus pengisi (feeder) berkisar antara 17-100 cm/detik. Kecepatan arus pengisi di Pantai Krakal, Yogyakarta yang diukur pada saat pengambilan bibit juga tinggi. Kuatnya arus di Pantai Krakal inilah yang menjadi faktor pembatas bagi usaha budidaya Gelidium sp., karena cukup sulit mengaplikasikan metode budidaya rumput laut dengan kondisi arus yang terlalu kuat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 701,
"width": 227,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rendahnya kecepatan arus pada lokasi uji coba menjadi salah satu faktor pembeda yang cukup signifikan antara lokasi pengambilan bibit dengan lokasi budidaya rumput laut G. corneum, sehingga diduga faktor ini menjadi salah satu faktor pembatas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 283,
"width": 227,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "yang menyebabkan kurang optimalnya pertumbuhan G. corneum di perairan Tabulo Selatan, Gorontalo. Atmadja & Sulistijo (1988) menyatakan bahwa umumnya Gelidium tumbuh di daerah yang berombak besar dengan pergerakan air dan arus yang relatif besar. Aries & Jubaedah (2011) menyebutkan bahwa arus perairan berperan penting dalam pasokan nutrien. Selain itu, arus bersama dengan pasang surut mengaduk perairan sehingga sebaran suhu dalam kolom perairan merata. Arus juga membantu dalam membilas atau mencuci rumput laut dari kotoran atau organisme penempel lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 440,
"width": 227,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kisaran intensitas cahaya di perairan Tabulo Selatan lebih tinggi dibandingkan intensitas cahaya di Pantai Krakal. Hal ini terkait dengan posisi wilayah Tabulo Selatan yang berada di Provinsi Gorontalo secara geografis letaknya lebih dekat dengan garis ekuator, dibandingkan dengan posisi Pantai Krakal yang berada di Yogyakarta dan secara geografis lebih jauh dari garis ekuator. Tingginya intensitas cahaya matahari di perairan Tabulo Selatan menyebabkan rumput laut Gelidium sp. lebih dapat bertahan ketika dibudidayakan dengan di dasar perairan, karena seiring dengan bertambahnya kedalaman perairan, maka intensitas cahayanya berkurang. Hal ini didukung juga dengan kondisi pasang surut di lokasi budidaya pantai Tabulo Selatan yang tetap tergenang air pada saat surut terendah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 647,
"width": 227,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kajian mengenai teknik budidaya rumput laut Gelidium sp. ini masih perlu dilakukan pada skala yang lebih besar menggunakan demplot pada beberapa kawasan budidaya rumput laut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 709,
"width": 59,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 726,
"width": 227,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode terbaik untuk budidaya rumput laut G. cor- neum di perairan Tabulo Selatan, Gorontalo adalah menggunakan kantong rumput laut yang ditempatkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 107,
"width": 373,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Parameter Param eters Lokasi budidaya Cultivation site Lokasi asal di Pantai Krakal, Yogyakarta O rigin site in Krakal Beach, Yogyakarta Suhu Temperature ( C) 24-31 27-29 Salinitas Salinity (ppt) 32-34 35-37 pH 7.2-7.8 7.6-8.1 Kecepatan arus (cm/detik) Water current (cm/sec .) 14.3-15.8 60-83 Intensitas cahaya permukaan Light intensity of water surfac e (lux) 120,500-122,900 105,800-118,200",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 151,
"width": 3,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "°",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 794,
"width": 11,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "96",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 794,
"width": 312,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright @ 2020, Media Akuakultur, p-ISSN 1907-6762; e-ISSN 2502-9460",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 39,
"width": 333,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kajian budidaya rumput laut Gelidium corneum dengan ..... (Wiwin Kusuma Perdana Sari)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 71,
"width": 227,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "di dasar perairan. Perlu dilakukan kajian lebih lanjut mengenai upaya budidaya G. corneum pada lokasi lain dengan metode yang lebih beragam, serta mempertimbangkan kebutuhan substrat bagi G. cor- neum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 145,
"width": 104,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 162,
"width": 227,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terima kasih disampaikan kepada Kepala LRBRL yang mendukung kegiatan ini, serta seluruh teknisi litkayasa yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 211,
"width": 71,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR ACUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 228,
"width": 227,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anggadiredja, J.T., Zatnika, A., Purwoto, H., & Istini, S. (2011). Rumput laut.. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya, 19 hlm.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 270,
"width": 227,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aries, G. & Jubaedah, I. (2011). Uji coba pengembangan budidaya rumput laut (Gelidium amansii) dengan metode vertikal long line. Jurnal Penyuluhan Perikanan & Kelautan, 5(1), 9-16.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 325,
"width": 227,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aslan, L.M. (1998). Budidaya rumput laut. Jakarta: Kanisius, 97 hlm.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 354,
"width": 227,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Atmadja, W.S. & Sulistijo. (1988). Sebaran dan habi- tat gelidium di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Oseanologi Perairan Indonesia, 73 hlm.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 396,
"width": 227,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chapman, L.J. & Chapman, D.J. (1980). Seaweed and their uses. 3 rd Ed. New York: Chapman and Hall, p. 180-187.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 438,
"width": 227,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cole, K.M. & Seath, R.G. (1990). Biology of the red algae. Cambridge: University Press, 517 pp.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 468,
"width": 227,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dawes, C.J. (1994). Marine botany. Canada: John Wiley&Sons, Inc., 628 pp.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 497,
"width": 227,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fransiska, D. & Murdinah. (2007). Prospek produksi agarosa dan agar mikrobiologi di Indonesia. Squalen, 2(2), 65-72.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 539,
"width": 227,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Irianto, H.E. (2006). Teknologi pasca panen rumput laut. Dalam Diseminasi Teknologi & Temu Bisnis Rumput Laut. Makassar, Indonesia: Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan, hlm. 35-49.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 71,
"width": 227,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muslimin & Sari, W.K.P. (2017). Budidaya rumput laut Sargassum sp. dengan metode kantong pada beberapa tingkat kedalaman di dua wilayah perairan berbeda. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 12(3), 221-230.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 123,
"width": 227,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nursyahran & Reskiati. (2013). Peningkatan laju pertumbuhan thallus rumput laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) yang direndam air beras dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Jurnal Balik Diwa, 4(2), 13-18.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 187,
"width": 227,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pangururan, I.P., Rochaddi, B., & Ismanto, A. (2015). Studi RIP current di pantai selatan Yogyakarta. Jurnal Oseanografi, 4(4), 670-679.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 227,
"width": 227,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Redmon, S., Kim, J.K., Yarish, C., Pietrak, M., & Bricknell, I. (2014). Culture of Sargassum in Ko- rea. Techniques and Potential for Culture in the U.S. Marine Sea Grant College Program. Seagrant. Report, p. 1-13.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 291,
"width": 227,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santelices, B. (1988). Synopsis of biological data on the seaweed genera Gelidium and Pterocladia (Rhodophyta). Food & Agriculture, 145, 1-55.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 330,
"width": 227,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santoso, A.D. (2006). Kualitas nutrien perairan Teluk Hurun, Lampung. J. Tek. Ling., 7(2), 140-144.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 357,
"width": 227,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Simatupang, N.F., Ratnawati, P., & Pong-Masak, P.R. (2019). Performansi rumput laut Gelidium sp. yang ditanam dengan metode kantong pada tiga substrat berbeda. Seminar Nasional Tahunan: XVI Hasil Penelitian Perikanan dan Kelautan. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Departemen Perikanan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada. hlm. 135-140. Sjafrie, N.D.M. (1999). Beberapa catatan tentang Gelidium (Rhodophyta). Oseana, XXIV(3), 1-10.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 477,
"width": 227,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suhaimi, R.A., Makmur, & Mustafa, A. (2012). Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan untuk budidaya rumput laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) di kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Pohuwato Provinsi Gorontalo. Prosiding Indoaqua – Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur. Makassar, Indonesia: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perikanan Budidaya Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kelautan dan Perikanan, hlm. 827-840.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
a505d181-8067-2a5f-33b0-0855753c87ca | https://ojs.serambimekkah.ac.id/jse/article/download/5022/4050 | [
{
"left": 71,
"top": 36,
"width": 348,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume VIII, No.1, Januari 2023 Hal 4230 - 4238",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 785,
"width": 18,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 29,
"width": 85,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 65,
"width": 437,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan Pasir yang Mengandung Zirkon dan Batu Limbah Tambang Emas dari Desa Hanua sebagai Agregat Campuran Hot Rolled Sheet Base",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 132,
"width": 137,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Robby 1* , Supiyan 2 , Salonten 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 158,
"width": 256,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,2,3 Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Universitas Palangka Raya, Indonesia *Koresponden email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 198,
"width": 447,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima: 19 Oktober 2022 Disetujui: 30 Oktober 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 225,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 238,
"width": 470,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Natural sand is sand that can be directly used for construction materials without the need for processing first. While zircon sand is sand produced from the first pan process from gold mining and is often used in the production of refractory bricks, ceramic production and metal casting. Based on this potential, efforts need to be made to utilize zircon sand from Hanua village as a construction material for a mixture of aggregate substitutes combined with natural sand as fine aggregate. For coarse aggregate, gold mine waste gravel is used from Hanua village. One of the environmental problems in Central Kalimantan is gravel waste stone which is produced from gold mining production. This study aims to analyze the physical properties, Marshall characteristics, and the optimum value of the Lataston Lapis Foundation mixture of HRS-Base type. Based on the calculation results, it was obtained that KAO was 7.3%, Stability was 925.00 kg, Flow was 3.15 mm, Cavity between aggregates was 23.58%, Air voids in the mixture were 4.60%, Cavity filled with asphalt was 77.85%, quotient Marshall 300.00 kg/mm . Keywords : HRS-Base , zirkon sand, gravel waste, Marshall parameter",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 405,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 418,
"width": 471,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pasir alami merupakan pasir yang dapat langsung digunakan untuk bahan konstruksi tanpa perlu proses pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Sedangkan pasir zirkon adalah pasir yang dihasilkan dari proses dulang terlebih dahulu dari hasil penambangan emas dan sering digunakan pada produksi bata tahan api, produksi keramik dan pengecoran logam. Berdasarkan dari potensi tersebut perlu adanya upaya untuk memanfaatkan pasir zirkon dari desa Hanua sebagai bahan konstruksi campuran pengganti agregat yang digabungkan dengan pasir alami sebagai agregat halus. Pada agregat kasar menggunakan batu kerikil limbah tambang emas dari desa Hanua. Permasalahan lingkungan di Kalimantan Tengah salah satunya adalah batu limbah kerikil yang dihasilkan dari produksi penambangan emas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat-sifat fisik, karakteristik Marshall, dan nilai optimum pada campuran Lataston Lapis Pondasi jenis HRS-Base. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan didapatkan KAO sebesar 7,3%, stabilitas 925,00 kg, flow 3,15 mm, rongga antar agregat 23,58%, Rongga udara dalam campuran 4,60%, rongga terisi aspal 77,85%, hasil bagi marshall 300,00 kg/mm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 570,
"width": 331,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : HRS-Base , pasir zirkon, limbah kerikil, parameter Marshall",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 595,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 608,
"width": 471,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Transportasi darat merupakan salah satu prasarana yang memiliki peran penting pada sektor perhubungan yang dapat mempercepat perkembangan di suatu wilayah ialah jalan raya, sehingga konstruksi jalan harus dibuat kokoh agar mampu menahan beban dari kendaraan yang melintasinya. Upaya pengembangan jalan salah satunya dilakukan dengan cara pembangunan dan perbaikan di bidang transportasi. Salah satu bahan konstruksi yang sangat diperlukan dalam pembangunan infrastruktur khususnya jalan, yaitu pasir dan batu [1].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 684,
"width": 471,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada penelitian ini agregat halus yang digunakan adalah gabungan dari pasir alami dan pasir zirkon dari Desa Hanua di Kalimantan Tengah. Pasir alami adalah pasir yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan konstruksi tanpa perlu proses pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Jenis pasir alami yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah pasir dari proses penambangan emas di Desa Hanua . Sedangkan untuk pasir zirkon yang digunakan adalah pasir yang dihasilkan dari proses pendulangan terlebih dahulu dari penambangan emas dan sering digunakan pada produksi pengecoran logam, produksi keramik dan bata tahan api. Berdasarkan potensi dari pasir zirkon tersebut maka peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian terkait pemanfaatan pasir zirkon yang ada pada Desa Hanua sebagai bahan konstruksi campuran pengganti agregat halus yang digabungkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 36,
"width": 348,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume VIII, No.1, Januari 2023 Hal 4230 - 4238",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 785,
"width": 18,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4231",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 29,
"width": 85,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 64,
"width": 470,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dengan pasir alami yang ada di Desa Hanua tersebut. Pada pencampuran agregat memerlukan bahan lain, yaitu batu. Batu yang digunakan yaitu batu kerikil limbah tambang emas dari desa Hanua dimana batu kerikil limbah tambang emas tergolong cukup banyak tersedia. Permasalahan lingkungan yang ada di Kalimantan Tengah salah satunya adalah limbah kerikil hasil produksi dari tambang emas. Limbah tersebut perlu dimanfaatkan sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk menggunakan batu kerikil limbah tambang emas sebagai pengganti pada konstruksi campuran agregat kasar dengan mengutamakan kerikil lokal yang ada di Kalimantan Tengah agar lebih ekonomis. Selain itu penggunaan batu kerikil limbah produksi tambang emas sebagai agregat kasar dalam campuran HRS-Base merupakan salah satu upaya dalam pemanfaatan limbah untuk mengurangi imbas kerusakan lingkungan di Kalimantan Tengah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 177,
"width": 471,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di Desa Hanua untuk kualitas material lokal dalam perkerasan lapisan tipis aspal beton belum di teliti apakah dari pasir alami, pasir zirkon dan batu kerikil limbah tambang emas ini mampu meningkatkan keunggulan konstruksi jalan di Kalimantan Tengah. Nantinya masyarakat khususnya di Kalimantan Tengah dapat lebih memaksimalkan penggunaan material lokal sehingga perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap bahan agregat tersebut. Salah satu jenis campuran perkerasan lentur yaitu Lataston, dikenal dengan Hot Rolled Sheet (HRS), jenis ini memiliki karakteristik sedikit berongga dalam struktur agregatnya dan bergradasi senjang. Untuk menghindari atau mengurangi kerusakan dini pada perkerasan jalan agar menghasilkan jalan dengan kondisi yang memenuhi spesifikasi teknis dan mencapai umur rencana jalan, maka akan dilakukan upaya peningkatan mutu perkerasan jalan [2].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 291,
"width": 470,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini meliputi apakah agregat kasar (batu Kerikil limbah tambang emas dari Desa Hanua) dan agregat halus (pasir alami dan pasir zirkon dari Desa Hanua) yang digunakan dalam campuran perkerasan Lataston (HRS-Base) memenuhi persyaratan spesifikasi [3]. Apakah agregat kasar (batu kerikil limbah tambang emas dari desa Hanua) dan agregat halus (pasir alami dan pasir zirkon dari Desa Hanua) ini memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakteristik pada campuran perkerasan Lataston [4]. Berapa nilai KAO dan nilai Marshall yang dihasilkan dari nilai KAO pada campuran pasir yang mengandung zirkon dan batu limbah tambang emas terhadap perkerasan Lataston [5].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 380,
"width": 470,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menganalisis sifat-sifat fisik agregat , menganalisis nilai KAO dan karakteristik Marshall, menganalisis variasi penambahan kadar aspal pada karakteristik Marshall yang dihasilkan pada campuran Lataston lapis pondasi (HRS-Base) [6].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 230,
"top": 576,
"width": 149,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1 . Lokasi pengambilan data Sumber : https://earth.google.com",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 621,
"width": 99,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 634,
"width": 471,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan adalah uji laboratorium yaitu menentukan pengaruh terhadap pasir yang mengandung zirkon dan batu kerikil limbah tambang emas terhadap campuran pada HRS–Base . Pada penelitian di Laboratorium dilakukan peninjauan dan pemeriksaan terhadap perbandingan campuran yang telah memenuhi spesifikasi. Selanjutnya data yang didapatkan digunakan sebagai perencanaan campuran, kemudian dibuat briket untuk test uji Marshall dan mendapatkan nilai KAO sehingga diketahui karakteristik pada campuran tersebut. Bahan agregat terdiri dari pasir yang mengandung zirkon dan batu kerikil limbah tambang emas dari Desa Hanua dan aspal penetrasi 60/70. Alat mencakup saringan, alat uji abrasi, uji berat jenis, oven, alat pengukur suhu, alat pencampur agregat dan pemisah agregat dan alat uji sampel (benda uji).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 747,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penentuan perhitungan perbandingan proporsi terhadap total agregat menggunakan cara trial and error , meliputi proporsi batu kerikil hasil tambang emas sebagai agregat kasar, penentuan proporsi pasir alami dan pasir zirkon sebagai agregat halus. Menggunakan persentase 5,5 %, 6%, 6,5 % 7 % dan 7,5 %",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 437,
"width": 78,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Hanua) Lokasi Pengambilan agregat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 36,
"width": 348,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume VIII, No.1, Januari 2023 Hal 4230 - 4238",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 785,
"width": 18,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4232",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 29,
"width": 85,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 64,
"width": 471,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sebagai variasi kadar aspalnya. Penyiapan benda uji meliputi suatu proses pemanasan benda uji, pencampuran benda uji, pemadatan yang mengikuti prosedur pengujian campuran. Kemudian uji sampel dengan alat Marshall. Selanjutnya diperoleh hasil analisis data dari hasil test Marshall dan selanjutnya diambil kesimpulan hasil penelitian. [7] [8] [9].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 127,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Hasil Dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 139,
"width": 222,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1 Pelaksanaan Pengujian di Laboratorium",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 152,
"width": 470,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada penelitian uji sifat-sifat campuran HRS-Base dikerjakan di laboratorium Jalan Raya Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Palangka Raya (UPR). Pemeriksaan yang diteliti mencakup uji sifat-sifat fisik agregat dan uji sifat karakteristik Marshall menggunakan alat uji Marshall.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 190,
"width": 195,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2 Pengujian Sifat-Sifat Fisik Agregat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 203,
"width": 470,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian ini meliputi dari tes gradasi agregat, tes berat jenis dan tes penyerapan agregat, tes keausan agregat kasar dan tes kadar lempung agregat halus. Tabel 1 merupakan hasil tes pemeriksaan gradasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 240,
"width": 287,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Hasil pemeriksaan gradasi No. Ayakan Persentase Lolos Ayakan (%) Hanua Hanua Inch mm Agregat Kasar (CA) Pasir Zirkon Pasir Alami (SA) #3/4 19 100.00 100.00 100.00 #1/2 12,7 82.91 100.00 100.00 #3/8 9,5 28.17 100.00 100.00 No.8 2,36 0.16 100.00 61.16 No.30 0,60 0.15 25.06 25.06 No.200 0,075 0.09 0.00 0.00 Sumber : Hasil penelitian, 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 400,
"width": 471,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 memperlihatkan pada saringan no.200 untuk filler nya tidak memperoleh spesifikasi sehingga harus ditambahkan bahan filler agar memperoleh spesifikasi yang sesuai. Bahan filler sudah dilakukan analisa saringan lolos no.200 ditambahkan pada agregat halus yaitu pasir alami dengan berat filler 125 gram dan pasir alami 875 gram sehingga didapatkan filler nya. Tabel 2 memperlihatkan hasil pemeriksaan sifat-sifat agregat setelah penambahan pasir alami.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 475,
"width": 400,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hasil pemeriksaan sifat-sifat agregat Pemeriksaan Hanua Pasir Alami Hanua Agregat Kasar Pasir Zirkon Berat Jenis 2,660 2,525 2.541 Berat Jenis Kering Permukaan / SSD 2,696 2,576 2.592 Berat Jenis Semu 2,760 2,661 2.678 Penyerapan (%) 1,365 2,044 2,022 Keausan / Abrasi (%) 23,81 - - Sand Equivalent (%) - - 65,89 Sumber : Hasil penelitian, 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 604,
"width": 144,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.3 Perencanaan Campuran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 617,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode pencampuran yang digunakan adalah metode Asphalt Institute dan perhitungan dengan cara trial and error . Tabel 3 berikut merupakan hasil perhitungan perencanaan campuran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 655,
"width": 334,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3 . Hasil perhitungan gradasi gabungan cara trial and error No. Ayakan Agregat Kasar Pasir Zirkon Pasir Alami Inch mm 100% 38% 100% 22% 100% 40% #3/4 19 100,00 38,00 100,00 22,00 100,00 40,00 #1/2 12.7 82,91 31,51 100,00 22,00 100,00 40,00 #3/8 9.5 28,17 10,70 100,00 22,00 100,00 40,00 No.8 2.38 0,16 0,06 100,00 22,00 61,16 24,47 No.30 0.595 0,15 0,06 75,52 16,61 25,06 10,02 No.200 0.075 0,09 0,04 0,05 0,01 12,50 5,00 Sumber : Hasil penelitian, 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 36,
"width": 348,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume VIII, No.1, Januari 2023 Hal 4230 - 4238",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 785,
"width": 18,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4233",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 29,
"width": 85,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 64,
"width": 468,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil Tabel 3 tersebut diperoleh komposisi campuran, nilai dari total kombinasi dipakai untuk menetapkan perkiraan kadar aspal awal. Rumus Perkiraan kadar aspal awal ialah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 101,
"width": 376,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pb = 0,035 (% CA) + 0,045 (% FA) + 0,18 (% Filler) + Konstanta (1)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 127,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 139,
"width": 122,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pb : Kadar Aspal CA : Coarse Aggregate",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 165,
"width": 118,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agregat Kasar = 53,47%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 177,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FA",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 177,
"width": 249,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": Fine Aggregate Agregat Halus = 41,48% Filler : Agregat Halus Lolos Ayakan No.200 = 5,05%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 228,
"width": 275,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pb = (0,035 X 53,47) + (0,045 X 41,48) + (0,18 X 5,05) + 2,0 Pb = 6,65 ≈ 6,5%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 266,
"width": 468,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perhitungan kadar yang didapatkan mendekati nilai 6,5%, yang merupakan nilai kadar aspal tengah kemudian diambil dengan interval 0,5% pada dua variasi kadar aspal ke atas dan dua variasi kadar aspal ke bawah. Maka didapat lima variasi yaitu 5,5%, 6%, 6,5%, 7%, dan 7,5% sebagai variasi kadar aspal. Persentase agregat berat total yang dipakai 1200 gram.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 316,
"width": 185,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.4 Analisis Internal Rate of Return",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 329,
"width": 471,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah komposisi campuran sudah dilakukan perhitungan selanjutnya ialah dibuat benda uji. Benda uji dibuat sesuai prosedur pada SNI 06-2489-1991. Jumlah tumbukan yang dilakukan adalah sebanyak 2 x 50 dengan perkiraan jalan untuk lalu lintas sedang. Setelah sampel dipadatkan, selanjutnya sampel didiam kan dengan waktu 24 jam pada suhu ruangan dan ditimbang untuk ditetapkan beratnya. Selanjutnya sampel direndam dalam bak berisi air dengan waktu 24 jam, lalu didalam air di timbang untuk ditetapkan beratnya. Kemudian sampel diangkat lalu dikeringkan sampai dengan kering permukaan jenuh (SSD), dan kemudian dilakukan penimbangan terhadap beratnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 418,
"width": 471,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebelum di uji dengan alat Marshall, sampel direndam terlebih dahulu pada wadah ( water bath ) air panas, dengan suhu 60°C dengan waktu +30-40 menit. Kemudian diperoleh nilai besaran seperti stabilitas dan flow. Hasil perhitungan berat jenis dan penyerapan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 468,
"width": 286,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Perhitungan berat jenis dan penyerapan terhadap total agregat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 483,
"width": 261,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No. Pemeriksaan Hasil Perhitungan 1. 2. 3. 4. Berat Jenis Bulk (GSB) Berat Jenis Semu (GSA) Berat Jenis Efektif (GSE) Penyerapan (Pba) 2.581 2.705 2.643 0.986",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 545,
"width": 130,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Hasil penelitian, 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 568,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari campuran aspal panas karakteristik utama yang didapatkan pada uji Marshall adalah stabilitas, flow, MQ, VIM, dan VFB. Hasil uji Marshall pada Tabel 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 606,
"width": 336,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Hasil pengujian parameter karakteristik Marshal Kadar Aspal (%) Parameter Karakteristik Marshall Stabilitas (kg) Flow (mm) VMA (%) VIM (%) VFB (%) MQ (kN/mm) 5,5 919.963 3.40 27.533 16.66 39.48 275.422 6,0 968.142 3.23 26.734 14.61 45.39 302.362 6,5 973.200 3.17 24.578 10.90 55.66 309.066 7,0 982.405 3.08 22.900 7.67 66.53 321.054 7,5 894.173 3.23 21.420 4.59 78.59 276.718 Spek > 600 > 3 >17 3 – 5 > 68 > 250 Sumber : Hasil penelitian, 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 36,
"width": 348,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume VIII, No.1, Januari 2023 Hal 4230 - 4238",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 785,
"width": 18,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4234",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 29,
"width": 85,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 64,
"width": 297,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.5 Hubungan Karakteristik Marshall Terhadap Kadar Aspal",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 76,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2 menujukan pada kadar aspal 7,00% didapat nilai stabilitas tertinggi yaitu 982.405 kg dan pada kadar aspal 7,5% didapat nilai stabilitas terendah yaitu 894.173 kg.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 183,
"top": 292,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Grafik hubungan stabilitas terhadap variasi aspal Sumber : Hasil penelitian, 2022",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 329,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3 menunjukkan bahwa pada kadar aspal 5,5% didapat nilai tertinggi VMA yaitu 27.533% dan pada kadar aspal 7,5% di dapat nilai terendah VMA yaitu 21.420%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 558,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Grafik hubungan VMA terhadap aspal",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 240,
"top": 570,
"width": 130,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Hasil penelitian, 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 590,
"width": 432,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4 menunjukkan bahwa pada kadar aspal 5,5 % hingga 7,5% nilai kelelehan ( flow ) memperoleh persyaratan spesifikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 454,
"top": 661,
"width": 2,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(% )",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 117,
"width": 299,
"height": 414,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "550,00 600,00 650,00 700,00 750,00 800,00 850,00 900,00 950,00 1.000,00 1.050,00 1.100,00 5,00 5,50 6,00 6,50 7,00 7,50 8,00 Stabilitas Aspal (%) (kg) 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 23,000 24,000 25,000 26,000 27,000 28,000 5,00 5,50 6,00 6,50 7,00 7,50 8,00 VMA",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 533,
"width": 41,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aspal (%)",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 36,
"width": 348,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume VIII, No.1, Januari 2023 Hal 4230 - 4238",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 785,
"width": 18,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4235",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 29,
"width": 85,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 268,
"width": 200,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Grafik hubungan flow terhadap aspal",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 522,
"width": 201,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5 . Hubungan grafik VIM terhadap aspal",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 547,
"width": 470,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5 menunjukkan pada kadar aspal yang semakin bertambah maka akan menurunkan kadar VIM. Ini dikarenakan dengan meningkatnya jumlah aspal yang dapat mengisi rongga udara di dalam campuran aspal. Nilai VIM yang memperoleh persyaratan hanya kadar aspal 7,5% yaitu sebesar 4,59%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 585,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6 menunjukkan pada nilai VFB cenderung meningkat seiring dengan semakin bertambahnya jumlah kadar aspal. Dikarenakan peningkatan besaran aspal yang mengisi rongga-rongga udara diantara butiran agregat. Hanya kadar aspal 7,5% yang memenuhi spek yang disyaratkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 72,
"width": 286,
"height": 436,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00 5,00 5,50 6,00 6,50 7,00 7,50 8,00 Flow ( mm) Aspal (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 5,00 5,50 6,00 6,50 7,00 7,50 8,00 VIM Aspal (%) (%)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 36,
"width": 348,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume VIII, No.1, Januari 2023 Hal 4230 - 4238",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 785,
"width": 18,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4236",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 29,
"width": 85,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 263,
"width": 201,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Grafik hubungan VFB terhadap aspal",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 512,
"width": 200,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Grafik hubungan MQ terhadap aspal",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 538,
"width": 471,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7 menunjukkan pada kadar aspal 7,00% nilai MQ tertinggi yaitu didapat 321.054 kg/mm, sedangkan pada kadar aspal 5,5% didapat nilai MQ terendah yaitu 275.422 kg/mm. Setelah didapatkan grafik-grafik diatas, bisa ditentukan nilai KAO secara grafis, yaitu dengan cara memplotkan rentang kadar aspal yang memperoleh persyaratan spesifikasi stabilitas, VMA, VIM, VFB dan MQ.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 589,
"width": 470,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 8 menunjukkan bahwa sifat karakteristik Marshall terdapat pada rentang kadar aspal 7,1% sampai 7,5% semua campuran memperoleh persyaratan yang ditetapkan. Kemudian diambil nilai tengah yaitu didapat 7,3% sebagai nilai KAO. Hasil perhitungan pada Tabel 6. Sementara dari Tabel 6 dapat dilihat hasil nilai dari parameter karakteristik Marshall dari KAO mendapatkan nilai stabilitas berkisar 925,00 kg, flow berkisar 3,15 mm, Rongga antar agregat berkisar 23,58%, rongga dalam campuran berkisar 4,60%, rongga terisi aspal berkisar 77,85% dan hasil bagi Marshall berkisar 300,00 kg/mm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 158,
"top": 70,
"width": 302,
"height": 432,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "150,00 200,00 250,00 300,00 350,00 400,00 5,00 5,50 6,00 6,50 7,00 7,50 8,00 MQ Aspal (%) (kg/m m ) 40,00 45,00 50,00 55,00 60,00 65,00 70,00 75,00 80,00 85,00 5,00 5,50 6,00 6,50 7,00 7,50 8,00 VFB Aspal (%) (%)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 36,
"width": 348,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume VIII, No.1, Januari 2023 Hal 4230 - 4238",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 785,
"width": 18,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4237",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 29,
"width": 85,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 270,
"width": 281,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 8. Grafik hubungan nilai parameter Marshall terhadap KAO Sumber : Hasil penelitian (2022)",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 305,
"width": 354,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6 . Parameter karakteristik Marshall Komposisi Campuran KAO (%) Parameter Karakteristik Marshall Stabilitas (kg) Flow (mm) VMA (%) VIM (%) VFB (%) MQ (kg/mm) I 7,3 925,00 3,15 23,58 4,60 77,85 300,00 Spesifikasi - >600 >3 >17 3-5 >68 >250 Sumber : Hasil penelitian 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 397,
"width": 71,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 410,
"width": 470,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam perencanaan campuran HRS-Base komposisi material ditentukan dari hasil analisis sifat-sifat fisik agregat, analisis saringan gradasi, berat jenis penyerapan dan keausan agregat kasar semua telah memperoleh persyaratan spesifikasi apabila pada analisa saringan untuk agregat halus berupa pasir alami harus ditambahkan bahan filler sehingga pasir yang mengandung zirkon dan batu limbah tambang emas memperoleh spek yaitu lolos pengayakan no.16 dan lolos pengayakan 0,075 mm (no.200) dan tidak kurang dari 100% dan 75% terhadap beratnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 485,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan didapatkan KAO yaitu 7,3% nilai stabilitas didapat 925,00 kg, flow 3,15 mm, VMA 23,58%, VIM 4,60%, VFB 77,85% dan MQ 300.00 kg/mm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 523,
"width": 89,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 536,
"width": 414,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1] Departemen Pekerjaan Umum. (2018). Spesifikasi Umum Divisi 6 Perkerasan Aspal.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 549,
"width": 470,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2] Waristian, H., Anwar, U., Bochori, B., & Al-Hadi, A. (2021). Analisis Ekonomi Potensi Pengembangan Pengolahan Pasir Zirkon Di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Applicable Innovation of Engineering and Science Research (AVoER) , 497-501.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 587,
"width": 471,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3] Sari, E. P., Sajima, S., Prabasiwi, D. S., & Poernomo, H. (2021). Extraction of Zr in Gold Mine Tailings to Produce TENORM Free Zirconium Oxychloride Octahidrate (ZOC). Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science , 10 (2), 75-81.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 625,
"width": 321,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4] Google Earth. https://earth.google.com/web/. Di Akses Juli 2022",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 637,
"width": 462,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5] Laintarawan, I. P., & Wirahaji, I. B. (2018). Studi Proporsi Pasir Alam Terhadap Agregat Halus Pada Lapis Aus Aspal Beton. Widya Teknik , 11 (01), 14-22.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 663,
"width": 470,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6] Paul, P. C. M. (2021). HRS-WC Kajian Pemanfaatan Limbah Kerikil Tambang Emas Dalam Campuran Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Course (HRS-WC): Study of Utilization of Gold Mining Gravel Waste in Mixed Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Course (HRS-WC). Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil TRANSUKMA , 4 (1), 1-11.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 713,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[7] Bakri, M. R. (2021). Studi Karakteristik HRS-WC Menggunakan Pasir Sungai Balusu Kab. Barru. Jurnal Karajata Engineering , 1 (1), 73-83.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 738,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[8] Poernomo, H., Biyantoro, D., & Purwani, M. (2016). Kajian Konsep Teknologi Pengolahan Pasir Zirkon Lokal yang Mengandung Monasit, Senotim dan Ilmenit. Eksplorium , 37 (2), 73-88.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 70,
"width": 406,
"height": 194,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5,5 5,6 5,7 5,8 5,9 6 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6 6,7 6,8 6,9 7 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7,5 KAO VIM VFB Stabilitas Flow MQ Aspal (%) VMA",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 36,
"width": 348,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume VIII, No.1, Januari 2023 Hal 4230 - 4238",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 785,
"width": 18,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4238",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 29,
"width": 85,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 64,
"width": 469,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9] Raharmadi, B. (2017). Pemanfaatan Pasir Sungai Barito Sebagai Bahan Tambah Agregat Halus Pada Campuran Hot Rolled Sheet (HRS) BASE. Jurnal Infrastruktur , 3 (02).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 469,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10] Soehartono. (2010). Teknologi aspal dan penggunaannya dalam konstruksi perkerasan jalan. Yayasan Badan Penerbit Pekerjaan Umum, Mediatama Saptakarya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 114,
"width": 470,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[11] Nurahmi, O., & Kartika, A. A. G. (2012). Perbandingan Konstruksi Perkerasan Lentur dan Perkerasan Kaku serta Analisis Ekonominya pada Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Lingkar Mojoagung. Jurnal Teknik ITS , 1 (1), E63-E68.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 152,
"width": 470,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[12] Mantiri, C. C., Sendow, T. K., & Manoppo, M. R. (2019). Analisa Tebal Perkerasan Lentur Jalan Baru dengan Metode Bina Marga 2017 Dibandingkan Metode AASHTO 1993. Jurnal Sipil Statik , 7 (10).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 190,
"width": 463,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[13] Rizal, R. S., Susilowati, A., & Susanto, H. (2019). Kajian Penggunaan Wetfix Be Pada Beton Aspal Campuran Panas Bergradasi Superpave. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Infomasi Terapan , 5 (2), 66-74",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 228,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[14] Suseno, T. (2015). Analisis prospek pasir zirkon Indonesia di pasar dunia. Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara , 11 (1), 61-77.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 253,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[15] Ubay, N. (2016). Perkerasan Campuran Lapisan Aspal Beton (HRS-BASE) Dengan Material Lokal. Kurva Mahasiswa , 1 (1), 574-582.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
66fe905f-cf57-a3b2-21d2-56c65be6853c | http://jurnal.ut.ac.id/index.php/foodscientia/article/download/3609/1294 | [
{
"left": 137,
"top": 38,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology 2(2) 2022, 189-198",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 785,
"width": 272,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2022, Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 180,
"width": 367,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EVALUASI ORGANOLEPTIK PRODUK KRISTAL JAHE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 204,
"width": 391,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EMPRIT (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 262,
"width": 407,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Organoleptic Evaluation of Emprit Ginger Crystal Products (Zingiber officinale) in The Special Region of Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 324,
"width": 241,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andre Setiawan 1 , Siti Nurlaela 2 , Endah Puspitojati 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 339,
"width": 359,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,2,3 Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Yogyakarta – Magelang Jalan Kusumanegara No. 2, Tahunan Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, 55167, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 398,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: 10.33830/fsj.v2i2.3609.2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 187,
"top": 411,
"width": 236,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima: 05 Ags 2022, Diperbaiki: 24 Nov 2022, Disetujui: 13 Des 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 437,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 464,
"width": 414,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Emprit ginger crystal is one of the processed ginger products that is processed through a crystallization. This study aimed to determine the level of differences in consumer preferences for emprit ginger crystal products based on the attributes of taste, aroma, color and texture. This research used a mixed method which was conducted from February to July 2022. Emprit ginger crystal products (X, Y and Z) were obtained from several ginger processing producers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) and the respondents were from the DIY area. The results of data analysis showed that there were significant differences in aroma, color and texture while the taste was not significantly different. The level of consumer preference for product X was in the \"rather like\" category with an average value of 3.39, product Y in the \"like\" category with an average value of 4.00 and product Z in the \"rather like\" category with an average value of 3.47. Evaluation of product X was not sweet, the aroma was right, the color was too dark and the texture was rough. Product Y has the right taste, the right aroma, the brown color tends to be bright and the texture is smooth. Product Z did not have a ginger taste, the aroma was just right, the color was too dark and the texture was smooth.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 656,
"width": 314,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Hedonic Test, Emprit Ginger, Instant Ginger, preferences.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 694,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 722,
"width": 413,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kristal jahe emprit merupakan salah satu produk olahan jahe yang diproses melalui proses kristalisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat perbedaan preferensi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 104,
"width": 119,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FOOD SCIENTIA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 123,
"width": 246,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal of Food Science and Technology",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 140,
"width": 239,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Laman Resmi: http://jurnal.ut.ac.id/index.php/foodscientia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 38,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology 2(2) 2022, 189-198",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 772,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "190",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 785,
"width": 272,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2022, Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 413,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "konsumen terhadap produk kristal jahe emprit berdasarkan atribut rasa, aroma, warna dan tekstur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mixed methods yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai bulan Juli 2022. Produk kristal jahe emprit (X, Y dan Z) diperoleh dari beberapa produsen olahan jahe di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) dengan responden di wilayah DIY. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap aroma, warna dan tekstur dari ketiga produk kristal jahe emprit dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada atribut rasa produk kristal jahe emprit Tingkat preferensi konsumen terhadap produk X berada pada kategori kurang suka dengan nilai rata-rata 3,39, produk Y pada kategori suka dengan nilai rata-rata 4,00 dan produk Z pada kategori kurang suka dengan nilai rata-rata 3,47. Evaluasi terhadap produk X rasa kurang manis, aroma sesuai, warna terlalu gelap dan tekstur kasar. Produk Y rasa pas, aroma sesuai, warna coklat cenderung cerah dan tekstur halus. Produk Z rasa kurang terasa jahenya, aroma sesuai, warna terlalu gelap dan tekstur halus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 262,
"width": 276,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : uji hedonik, jahe emprit, jahe instan, preferensi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 317,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 331,
"width": 414,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jahe merupakan tanaman dari suku Zingiberaceae yang banyak digunakan sebagai obat dan juga bumbu masakan (Yeh et al ., 2014). Jahe mengandung berbagai senyawa penting seperti gingerol, gingerone, dan kurkumin. Kadar air jahe yang tinggi sekitar 90% membuat jahe rentan akan kerusakan akibat mikroorganisme (An et al. , 2016; Zhao et al. , 2009). Jahe umumnya diseduh dalam bentuk minuman hangat atau yang dikenal dengan wedang jahe, namun penyeduhan dengan cara ini kurang praktis sehingga perlu bentuk olahan lain seperti dalam bentuk instan jahe (Saraswati et al ., 2019). Produk instan jahe kebanyakan dijumpai dalam bentuk serbuk atau kristal (Sukmawati, 2019). Minuman herbal jahe yang dibuat dalam bentuk serbuk instan, akan memudahkan konsumen untuk menikmatinya karena cepat dan praktis, yaitu hanya dengan menyeduh dengan air panas (Suhesti & Hadinoto, 2020). Kristal jahe emprit dapat dipasarkan pada toko grosir, warung minuman, toko swalayan, toko kelontong dan konsumen secara langsung. Pembuatan kristal jahe emprit menggunakan jahe emprit dengan umur 8 bulan agar kandungan kimianya cukup tinggi (Daulay, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 642,
"width": 426,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sejalan dengan adanya perubahan pola hidup masyarakat yang lebih fokus terhadap keefektifan sebuah produk dan adanya tuntutan aktivitas yang meningkat membuat masyarakat lebih menginginkan mengonsumsi makanan dan minuman dalam bentuk produk instan. Keistimewaan produk instan adalah dinilai praktis serta mudah dalam penyajiannya dan terjangkau sehingga bisa digunakan oleh semua kalangan konsumen (Fortin et al ., 2021). Selain itu produk minuman instan juga akan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 38,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology 2(2) 2022, 189-198",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 772,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "191",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 785,
"width": 272,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2022, Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 414,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mempermudah konsumen dalam kegiatan pembelian, sehingga produk menjadi lebih praktis dan mudah dibawa tanpa harus mengurangi kandungan, manfaat serta khasiat dari produk tersebut ( Mutmainah et al. , 2022)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 150,
"width": 415,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Beragamnya produk kristal jahe emprit di masyarakat pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan persaingan antara produsen. Konsumen dihadapkan pada berbagai pilihan produk kristal jahe. Preferensi konsumen menjadi hal penting yang perlu dipertimbangkan oleh produsen. Atribut produk kristal jahe emprit inilah yang akan membedakan antara produk yang ditawarkan oleh suatu produsen dengan produk sejenis yang ditawarkan produsen lain dan juga mempengaruhi terhadap pembelian konsumen (Setyanto, 2017). Berdasarkan penelitian (Sendanayake et al ., 2017) terdapat beberapa kriteria yang disukai konsumen pada pembelian kristal jahe emprit, yaitu dari tingkat warna, aroma, dan tingkat kepedasan rasa jahe. Rudianto (2016) melaporkan atribut rasa dan kemasan menjadi atribut preferensi konsumen dalam memilih produk jahe. Latief (2018) juga melaporkan bahwa produk, harga, lokasi dan promosi secara parsial dan simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli konsumen pada produk jahe.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 419,
"width": 414,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini akan membandingkan atribut dari tiga produk kristal jahe emprit yang akan menjadi alasan konsumen memilih kristal jahe instan tersebut. Atribut tersebut yaitu rasa, aroma, warna, dan tekstur. Dengan mengetahui atribut dari ketiga produk kristal jahe emprit yang menjadi pertimbangan khususnya di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, maka akan membantu para produsen untuk memperhatikan atribut yang disukai konsumen sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dan kepuasan konsumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 564,
"width": 158,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 592,
"width": 415,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tempat pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Yogyakarta, Kabupaten Bantul, dan Kabupaten Kulonprogo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Februari 2022 hingga Juni 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 668,
"width": 39,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 681,
"width": 418,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga buah sampel produk kristal jahe instan yang telah dipasarkan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yang diberi kode sampel yaitu X, Y, dan Z. Ketiga produk tersebut menggunakan bahan baku utama jahe emprit yang dipanen pada umur 8-10 bulan dan diproduksi oleh UMKM di",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 38,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology 2(2) 2022, 189-198",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 772,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "192",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 785,
"width": 272,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2022, Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 414,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kabupaten Kulonprogo, Bantul, dan Sleman. Bahan baku pendukung ketiga produk kristal jahe instan yaitu serai, cengkeh, kayu manis, dan gula merah. Khusus produk Y, terdapat tambahan gula batu dan daun pandan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 164,
"width": 28,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 178,
"width": 414,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alat yang digunakan pada pengujian organoleptik pada penelitian ini yaitu wadah sampel, label, lembar kuesioner, dan pena.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 233,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penyajian sampel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 247,
"width": 414,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk cara penyajian sampel, takaran yang digunakan untuk ketiga produk kristal jahe emprit yaitu 2 sendok makan kemudian diseduh dengan air panas sebanyak 200 mL. Panelis diminta untuk menilai warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur produk. Bahan yang digunakan untuk menetralkan indera pengecap para panelis dalam penelitian ini adalah air mineral 240 mL pada saat melakukan uji organoleptik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 362,
"width": 97,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penentuan Panelis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 376,
"width": 415,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Panelis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat yang berdomisili di wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta berjumlah 30 orang dengan kriteria yang ditentukan yaitu konsumen berusia 16-65 tahun dan pernah mengkonsumsi minuman instan jahe. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel adalah accidental sampling yang dimana pengambilan panelis berdasarkan kebetulan bertemu dengan peneliti (Sugiyono, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 512,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengambilan Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 526,
"width": 415,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data pada penelitian ini diambil berdasarkan hasil dari uji organoleptik dan uji fisik pada produk kristal jahe instan yang telah dilakukan. Pada uji organoleptik dilakukan dengan uji hedonik berdasarkan skala 1 nilai paling terendah dan skala 5 sebagai nilai tertinggi dengan meliputi atribut rasa, aroma, warna, dan tekstur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 623,
"width": 71,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 636,
"width": 415,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode uji organoleptik yang digunakan adalah Hedonic Scale Scoring . Data uji organoleptik dan fisik yang diperoleh kemudian dikonversi menggunakan Method of Succecive Interval dan dianalisis menggunakan metode ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) pada aplikasi SPSS versi 25 dengan selang kepercayaan 95%. Apabila hasil uji menunjukan perbedaan yang nyata, maka dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 38,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology 2(2) 2022, 189-198",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 772,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "193",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 785,
"width": 272,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2022, Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 133,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL PEMBAHASAN Karakteristik Responden",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 116,
"width": 415,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakteristik responden dari penelitian ini meliputi jenis kelamin dan usia, sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 orang yang berdomisili di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta berusia di atas 16 tahun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 198,
"width": 299,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 177,
"top": 302,
"width": 258,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Umur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 441,
"width": 414,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan data Tabel 1 dapat diketahui bahwa persentase responden yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 8 orang dengan persentase 27 %, sedangkan perempuan sebanyak 22 orang dengan persentase 73 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden dalam penelitian ini adalah perempuan. Berdasarkan data Tabel 2, dapat diketahui bahwa persentase responden yang berusia 16 – 25 tahun dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 23 orang dengan persentase 77 % yang mendominasi dalam penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 600,
"width": 316,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Preferensi Konsumen Terhadap Produk Kristal Jahe Emprit",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 614,
"width": 414,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Preferensi konsumen kristal jahe emprit berdasarkan atribut rasa, aroma, warna dan tekstur ditunjukkan pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 213,
"width": 320,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis Kelamin Frekuensi (orang) Persentase (%) Laki-laki 8 27 Perempuan 22 73 TOTAL 30 100 Usia Frekuensi (orang) Persentase (%) 16 - 25 tahun 23 77 26 - 35 tahun 1 3 36 - 45 tahun 3 10 46 - 55 tahun 2 7 56 - 65 tahun 1 3 TOTAL 30 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 38,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology 2(2) 2022, 189-198",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 772,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "194",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 785,
"width": 272,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2022, Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 88,
"width": 260,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Uji Kesukaan Terhadap Atribut Kristal Jahe",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 211,
"width": 416,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan : notasi huruf (a,b) yang serupa berarti tidak ada perbedaan nyata menurut uji Duncan pada taraf signifikansi α = 5%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 248,
"width": 415,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan analisa statistik, terlihat bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap atribut aroma, warna dan tekstur dari tiga kristal jahe (p < 0,05).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 310,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Atribut Rasa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 324,
"width": 415,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rasa merupakan atribut sensori yang penting dalam penerimaan pangan, Rasa merupakan faktor kedua yang mempengaruhi suatu produk setelah penampilan. Rasa juga dipertimbangkan konsumen dalam pemilihan produk dibanding atribut mutu lainnya (Islamiah, Syam, dan Sukainah, 2019). Pada rasa produk, diketahui bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0,05). Nilai tertinggi pada atribut rasa yaitu pada produk Y yang termasuk ke dalam kriteria suka. Hal yang membuat unggul dari kedua produk lainnya dapat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi dari masing-masing produk itu sendiri, untuk produk Y, komposisi yang digunakan ada penambahan daun pandan. Dengan adanya penambahan bahan ini menyebabkan produk Y memiliki rasa yang berbeda dibandingkan kedua produk pembandingnya. Penambahan daun pandan akan meningkatkan kesukaan panelis, karena daun pandan menimbulkan aroma wangi yang khas yang juga akan mempengaruhi rasa produk (Rahmasari, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 593,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Atribut Aroma",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 607,
"width": 415,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aroma dalam suatu pengujian produk dianggap penting karena merupakan parameter bagi konsumen untuk menerima atau tidak produk tersebut. Pada atribut aroma, sampel Y memiliki nilai tertinggi yaitu sebesar sebesar 4,10. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh komposisi dari produk dan juga dari kemasan yang dipakai produk itu sendiri, untuk produk Y ada penambahan bahan yaitu daun pandan yang menyebabkan ada perbedaan aroma dari kedua produk pembandingnya, penyebab tersebut menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi responden sehingga banyak disukai dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 125,
"width": 364,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sampel Hasil Pengujian X Y Z Rasa s3,50±0,900 a 3,83±1,020 a 3,30±0,915 a Aroma 3,67±0,802 a 4,10±0,759 b 3,30±0,794 a Warna 3,13±1,137 a 4,10±0,712 b 3,37±0,928 a Tekstur 3,27±0,740 a 4,00±0,765 b 3,93±0,740 b",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 38,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology 2(2) 2022, 189-198",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 772,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "195",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 785,
"width": 272,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2022, Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 414,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "juga faktor kemasan produk Y menggunakan botol yang sedikit berbeda dari kedua pembandingnya dimana botol yang digunakan lebih tebal selain itu juga ada penambahan plastik untuk menutupi botol itu sendiri, hal tersebut bisa menjadi faktor penting karena dapat menjaga kristal jahe di dalamnya dan mempertahankan kualitas aroma sama seperti pada saat diproduksi. Dalam kristal jahe instan itu sendiri, hal yang berpengaruh adalah komposisi yang digunakan sehingga berpengaruh pada aroma yang dihasilkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 247,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Atribut Warna",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 267,
"width": 414,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Warna menjadi kesan awal penialaian dan parameter bagi penampakan suatu produk. Warna juga menjadi atribut yang mempengaruhi minat konsumen membeli suatu produk (Islamiah, Syam, dan Sukainah, 2019). Pada atribut warna, sampel Y memiliki nilai tertinggi sebesar 4,10 dimana nilai tersebut masuk dalam kriteria suka, dan nilai terendah yang dipilih panelis adalah produk Z karena dianggap terlalu gelap sehingga kurang disukai oleh responden. Menurut panelis mengapa warna dari produk Y disukai karena warna yang dimiliki lebih cerah dari kedua pembandingnya. Hal ini dapat disebabkan dari komposisi yang dipakai yaitu gula yang dipakai berbeda dengan kedua pembandinya, gula yang digunakan adalah gula batu sehingga penggunaan gula ini yang menyebabkan warna pada produk Y coklat muda dan lebih cerah. Warna dapat mempengaruhi nilai kesukaan produk dan produk yang berwarna tidak sesuai sering mendapatkan nilai penerimaan yang rendah. Penelitian Willy (2021) juga melaporkan gula kristal memberi pengaruh nyata terhadap warna jahe instan yang dihasilkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 557,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Atribut Tekstur",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 578,
"width": 414,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tekstur merupakan salah penentu kesukaan konsumen terhadap produk pangan yang dihasilkan. Pada produk jahe instan, tekstur yang disukai adalah yang halus (Willy, 2021) . Nilai tertinggi atribut tekstur juga diperoleh oleh sampel Y sebesar 4,00, diikuti sampel Z sebesar 3,93. Menurut panelis, produk Y dan Z mendapatkan kriteria suka karena kedua produk ini mempunyai tekstur yang halus. Dalam produksi kedua produk dilakukan proses penyaringan sehingga mendapatkan kristal jahe yang lebih halus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 723,
"width": 415,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan penilaian secara keseluruhan semua atribut produk, nilai tertinggi didapatkan oleh produk Y sebesar 4,00 yang termasuk kriteria suka, dilanjutkan oleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 38,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology 2(2) 2022, 189-198",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 772,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "196",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 785,
"width": 272,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2022, Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 414,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "produk Z sebesar 3,47 yang termasuk kedalam kriteria kurang suka dan yang terakhir produk X sebesar 3,39 juga termasuk kategori kurang suka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 143,
"width": 92,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Evaluasi Produk",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 157,
"width": 182,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Produk Kristal Jahe Emprit X",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 171,
"width": 400,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Evaluasi terhadap produk X untuk atribut yang telah dinilai oleh panelis yaitu atribut rasa yang kurang manis, atribut aroma sangat terasa, atribut warna dirasa terlalu gelap atau pekat sehingga kurang begitu menarik dan untuk atribut tekstur terlalu kasar untuk keseluruhan nilai rata-rata terhadap atribut produk X ini kurang disukai oleh responden kecuali atribut aroma.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 295,
"width": 175,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Produk Kristal Jahe Emprit Y",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 309,
"width": 400,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Evaluasi terhadap produk Y untuk atribut yang telah dinilai oleh panelis yaitu atribut rasa yang memiliki rasa manis dan rasa jahe seimbang, atribut aroma yang dirasa sesuai oleh kebanyakan responden tidak terlalu menyengat, atribut warna yang coklat cenderung cerah dari kedua produk lainnya dan atribut tekstur yang halus dari keempat atribut pada produk Y ini responden menyukainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 426,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Produk Kristal Jahe Emprit Z",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 440,
"width": 400,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Evaluasi terhadap produk Z untuk atribut yang telah dinilai oleh panelis yaitu atribut rasa yang yang kurang manis dan rasa jahe yang kuat dianggap responden kurang sesuai, atribut aroma terlalu menyengat, atribut warna yang terlalu gelap cenderung keruh dan atribut tekstur yang halus, dari keempat atribut responden hanya menyukai terhadap atribut tekstur sedangkan untuk rasa, aroma, dan warna atribut responden kurang suka. Berdasarkan data organoleptik yang didukung oleh data kualitatif dari responden menunjukkan bahwa produk kristal jahe Y memberikan performa yang terbaik sesuai selera konsumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 626,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 640,
"width": 414,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penilaian panelis pada produk X berada pada kategori kurang suka, produk Y pada kategori suka dan produk Z pada kategori kurang suka. Untuk perbedaan terhadap ketiga produk kristal jahe emprit berdasarkan atribut didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada warna, aroma, dan tekstur pada ketiga produk yang diujikan sedangkan rasa tidak berbeda signifikan. Saran penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 38,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology 2(2) 2022, 189-198",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 772,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "197",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 785,
"width": 272,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2022, Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 414,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "untuk kedepannya adalah produsen kristal jahe emprit agar memperhatikan atribut yang disukai konsumen dalam memproduksi produk kristal jahe instan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 150,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 164,
"width": 415,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "An, K., Zhao, D., Wang, Z., Wu, J., Xu, Y., & Xiao, G. (2016). Comparison of different drying methods on Chinese ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 192,
"width": 390,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Changes in volatiles, chemical profile, antioxidant properties, and microstructure. Food Chemistry , 197 , 1292–1300.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 219,
"width": 240,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.033",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 233,
"width": 415,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daulay, A. S. (2017). Usaha produk minuman kesehatan jahe merah instan di kelurahan binjai kecamatan Medan Denai. Amaliah: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat , 1 (1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.32696/ajpkm.v1i1.7 Fortin, G. A., Asnia, K. K. P., Ramadhani, A. S., & Maherawati, M. (2021). Minuman fungsional serbuk instan kaya antioksidan dari bahan nabati. Agrointek : Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian , 15 (4), 984–991.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 316,
"width": 225,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v15i4.8977",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 330,
"width": 414,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Islamiah A.C., Syam H., Sukainah A. (2019). Analisis mutu minuman instan berbahan dasar buah mengkudu ( Morinda citrifolia l) dan jahe merah ( Zingiber officinale Rosc), Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Pertanian , 5 (1), 8–20. Latief, A. (2018). Analisis pengaruh produk, harga, lokasi dan promosi terhadap minat beli konsumen pada warung wedang jahe (Studi Kasus Warung Sido Mampir di Kota Langsa). Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan , 7 (1), 90–99. https://doi.org/10.33059/jmk.v7i1.756",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 426,
"width": 414,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmasari, A. (2016). Studi penerimaan konsumen terhadap minuman sari rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii) dengan penambahan daun pandan (Pandanus amarylifollius) . 1–11. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/184873-ID- none.pdf",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 481,
"width": 414,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rudianto, D. (2016). Analisis atribut produk ginger fresh terhadap prefensi konsumen. PERFORMA: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Start-Up Bisnis , 1 (4), 473–479. Saraswati, Desnita, R., & Luliana, S. (2019). Optimasi proses pembuatan minuman serbuk instan kombinasi jahe ( Zingiber officinale Rosc ) dan Kencur ( Kaempferia galanga L .). Jurnal Mahasiswa Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran UNTAN , 4 (1), 1–4.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 564,
"width": 414,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sendanayake, L. R., Sylvester, T. P., De Silva, U. H. A. J., Dissanayake, D. R. R. P., Daundasekera, D. M. K. C., & Sooriyapathirana, S. D. S. S. (2017). Consumer preference, antibacterial activity and genetic diversity of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) cultivars grown in Sri Lanka. Journal of Agricultural Sciences , 12 (3), 207. https://doi.org/10.4038/jas.v12i3.8267",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 633,
"width": 414,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setyanto, L. E. (2017). Pengaruh Atribut Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Survei Pembeli Apple iphone pada Mahasiswa / Mahasiswi S1 Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Program Studi Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Angkatan 2013 / 2014 Universitas Brawijaya Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis , 46 (2), 19–27. Sugiyono. (2014). Metode peneitian kuantitatif kualitatif dan R&D . Alfabeta. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=911046",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 716,
"width": 414,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suhesti, E., & Hadinoto. (2020). Pemanfaatan hasil hutan bukan kayu sebagai rempah tambahan pada minuman herbal jahe instan. Wahana Forestra:Jurnal Kehutanan , 15 (1), 48–59.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 38,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology 2(2) 2022, 189-198",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 492,
"top": 772,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "198",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 785,
"width": 272,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2022, Food Scientia Journal of Food Science and Technology",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 414,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sukmawati, W. (2019). Pelatihan pembuatan minuman herbal insstan untuk meningkatkan ekonomi warga . 25 (4), 210–215. http://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/jpkm/article/view/14874",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 129,
"width": 415,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mutmainah D.N, Slamet A.H., Dewi D.K, & Diniyah N. (2022). Strategi pengembangan jamu jawa tradisional cv. Santoso di kabupaten banyuwangi, jawa timur. Food Scientia : Journal of Food Science and Technology , 2 (1), 48–72. https://doi.org/10.33830/fsj.v2i1.2844.2022",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 185,
"width": 415,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Willy, L. (2021). Evaluasi sifat organoleptik jahe instan berdasarkan konsentrasi sukrosa. Journal of Agriculture and Food Technology (JAFTECH) , 1 (2), 6. Yeh, H. yu, Chuang, C. hung, Chen, H. chun, Wan, C. jen, Chen, T. liang, & Lin, L. yun. (2014). Bioactive components analysis of two various gingers (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and antioxidant effect of ginger extracts. Lwt , 55 (1), 329–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.08.003",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 267,
"width": 415,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zhao, X., Yang, Z., Gai, G., & Yang, Y. (2009). Effect of superfine grinding on properties of ginger powder. Journal of Food Engineering , 91 (2), 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.08.024",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
72b128cb-fa7a-dbb3-98a7-0fa0f79adfc9 | https://journal.bakrie.ac.id/index.php/Journal_Communication_spectrum/article/download/2277/1819 | [
{
"left": 128,
"top": 37,
"width": 70,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ORIGINAL ARTICLE",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 390,
"top": 37,
"width": 136,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p - ISSN: 2087-8850 e-ISSN: 2622-6405",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 481,
"top": 794,
"width": 18,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "135",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 93,
"width": 117,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal Communication Spectrum: Capturing New Perspectives in Communication",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 194,
"width": 140,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 12(2) pp. 135-145, (2022) DOI: 10.36782/jcs.v10i2.2024 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 90,
"width": 273,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Communication Patterns of Deaf Students with Hearing Lecturer in the Classroom",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 172,
"width": 192,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Risti Aprilia 1* and Fitria Khairum Nisa 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 255,
"width": 42,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 267,
"width": 399,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Deaf people communicate differently, such as using sign language or writing. This communication style difference becomes a problem when a deaf person is in higher education, where most of the communication is verbal orally. Most deaf students in the university in Indonesia do not have a standardized facility to help them study in class; therefore, each student could have a different communication style during class lectures. This article identifies the classroom communication patterns between deaf students and hearing lecturers. The research's informants are deaf students from three universities in Central Java. The characteristics of the informant are; 1) deaf student, 2) use more than one communication medium, and 3) the communication with the teacher happened in the classroom (offline class). This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method to understand the phenomenon of deaf students in the classroom—data obtained through in-depth interviews and literature study. The results of this study indicate that deaf students have a variety of communication styles in classrooms, such as a mobile application called Live Transcribe, a note taker, and an interpreter. However, there are still many obstacles, such as the transcripts from the application that are not per the speech, note takers that do not give a piece of comprehensive information, and the limited number of interpreters. Therefore, the students must change the media communication regularly depending on the situation to overcome those problems.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 476,
"width": 34,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 488,
"width": 355,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Communication in classroom, communication patterns, deaf students, disabilities, hearing lecturer",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 533,
"width": 118,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To cite this article (7 th APA style) :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 544,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aprilia, R. & Nisa, F. K. (2022). Communication patterns of deaf students with hearing lecturer in the classroom . Journal Communication Spectrum: Capturing New Perspectives in Communication 12 (2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.36782/jcs.v12i2.2277",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 629,
"width": 70,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 643,
"width": 443,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to the Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI – Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia ), tuli (deaf) is being unable to hear (due to hearing damage). Deaf people are individuals who receive a sound intensity of less than 90 dB. According to Lestari (2016), deaf is the condition that a person cannot catch stimuli such as voices and sounds that will be heard by the sense of hearing. Some of the deaf people have physical, intellectual, social, and emotional characteristics such as a huchbacked body, fast and irregular eye movements, sometimes left-handed, experiences instability in managing emotions, and a feeling of inferiority.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 747,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 2 Communication Sciences Department, Tidar University, Jl. Kapten Suparman 39 Magelang, Jawa Tengah",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 758,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "* Corresponding author : [email protected]",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 414,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2022 Journal Communication Spectrum: Capturing New Perspectives in Communication, Vol. 12 No. 2 (August-January)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 496,
"top": 798,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "136",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 446,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The communication of a deaf person can be divided into between deaf people and between deaf people and hearing people (Handayani, 2018). Sign language is used when communicating between deaf people. The sign language that is developed in deaf communication with deaf people is a language that is spontaneous and in accordance with the culture they have. Sign language consists of hand movements, gestures, and facial expressions. Meanwhile, communication between deaf peope and hearing people usually use verbal and written communication. Verbal communication can be understood by deaf person through reading mouth movements. However, sometimes you experience problems when the person you are talking to has a mouth that is difficult to see, for example, because of the mustache covering the mouth, bad teeth structure, etc. Some of the deaf people also use sign language in the form of the alphabet when communicating with hearing people.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 197,
"width": 443,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Communication patterns are a form of realtionship between two or more people in the process of sending and receiving messages in an appropriate way so that the message can be understood (Iumentut et al., 2017). Meanwhile, according to Effendy (2003), communication patterns consist of communication processes from a psychological and mechanistic perspective. The psychological communication process emphasizes the processes that occur between within the communicator and the communicant. Meanwhile, the communication process in a mechanistic perspective emphasizez the process of conveying messages from the communicator to the communicant takes place. Communication processes in this mechanistic perspective are classified into four processes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 318,
"width": 165,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Primary communication process",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 331,
"width": 425,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The primary communication process is the process of delivering messages using symbols as a medium. Symbols in this process are divided into two, verbal symbols and non-verbal symbols. The verbal symbol is language, including paralanguage. Meanwhile, the non-verbal symbols is a sign of limbs or body movement, signs with tools and pictures.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 382,
"width": 176,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Secondary communication process",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 395,
"width": 425,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The secondary communication process in the process of delivering messages using media aids as a second communication tool after symbols such as television, radio, cellphone, and newspapers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 433,
"width": 443,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Linear communication process The linear communication process is the delivery of messages in a straight or non-reciprocal manner as in newspaper media communication.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 471,
"width": 166,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Circular communication process",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 484,
"width": 425,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The circular communication process is the process of delivering messages with feedback between the communicator and the communicant.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 516,
"width": 443,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The dialogic ethics was assuming the importance of encounters that can communicative and continuous understand each other, not just understand one person in conversation (Arnett et al., 2009). When they meet, a person will find differences. The relations between dialogic ethics and differences are people can better understand each other and learn about differences that can become conversation. According to Buber, dialogic ethics divides into two concepts, such as the relation between man and things and between man to man. Buber named the concept with I-It and I-Thou (as cited in Rumyaru, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 605,
"width": 443,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I-It is used when the man wants to build relations with an object. I-It makes the man as subject and the things as an object. According to Buber (as cited in Rumyaru, 2018), I-It relationship is called experiences, because man learn about the benefits of an object. The man can build relations with an object freely, and the object does not have the freedom to set up the man (Hia, 2014). So, I-It happen in one way relations. I-It does not used to build relation between man to man. If man used I-It , it can be objectivity, such as the desire to organize and rule over others (Badewi, 2015). I-Thou is used when man will build relations with others. According to Buber, when building I- Thou relations, man beings equally knowledgeable and does not recognize the strength and weakness of others (as cited in Hia, 2014). According to Buber, I-Thou relations is referred to a relationship (as cited in Badewi, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 732,
"width": 443,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Inter-human relations occur reciprocally. Reciprocal relations are considered balanced because they impose a fellow man being as a subject (Hia, 2014). But if only one of them asks and the others",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 38,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aprilia & Nisa, Communication Patterns of Deaf Students",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 798,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "137",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 70,
"width": 443,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "does not answer, then this is called an unbalanced relation. The reason is that one of the participant is considered an object.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 95,
"width": 443,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the different communication methods between deaf and hearing people, the potential of barriers to arise when communicating is very large. A deaf person who has hearing disabilities will find it very difficult even to hear the words of the hearing person. Meanwhile, hearing people who are used to commucating orally will have difficulty understanding the sign language used by deaf people. This barrier arises because of differences in cultures as well as their way of communicating. Barriers also occur when a hearing person calls a deaf person in a far away. Then, to start a conversation between deaf people and hearing people because we need to attract a deaf person, it will be difficult to understand the sound, because the voice of a deaf person is not clear, and there is even no voice.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 210,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Just like other citizens, deaf people have the same opportunity to go to scholl. Most of us can meet a deaf person who goes to Special Scholl (SLB B), strarting from kindergarten to senior high school. During the learning process in scholl, deaf stundents and hearing teachers will communicate verbally (oral) (Handayani, 2018). The teacher will communicate verbally in simple language, and when the learning is finished, it will communicate again using sign language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 274,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "However, many deaf people attend public schools up to the university level. In public schools, a deaf person has to adjust to the applicable basic competencies. Deaf students who choose to go to public school have several reasons, such as parental support and self-will, such as being bored with learning at special school B or wanting to try new things and because of the limited number of special schools in each region (Lestari, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 338,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wuryanti (2019) mentioned that deaf people encountered barriers such as when learning Indonesian subjects that required retelling and reading poetry with the right intonation. Another barrier is when the teacher explains most of the lessons orally, not so much writing. Another barrier sometimes felt by deaf people when attending public schools is the difficulty of making friends due to language differences.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 402,
"width": 443,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DeVito (2011) stated that language reflects culture if the greater the cultural differences, the greater the difference in the way of communicating both verbal language and nonverbal cues. This causes a person to have difficulty communicating, such as misuse of words, misunderstanding, and differences in perception. According to Barna and Ruben (as cited in DeVito, 2011), these are unique intercultural communication barriers, namely ignoring differences between a person and groups and groups with different cultural groups, especiallu values, attitudes and beliefs, ignoring differences in meaning in verbal and nonverbal langauge, violating ultural customs that have rules communication differs from group to group, assessing differences negatively, and culture shock.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 504,
"width": 442,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meanwhile, according to Effendy (2003), communications barriers such as distraction, interest, motivation, and prejudice.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 535,
"width": 74,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Distraction",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 548,
"width": 425,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Distractions are divided into mechanical and semantic distractions. Mechanical distraction in the form of interference from communication channels or noises. Meanwhile, semantic distraction is in the form of distraction when interpreting messages and using language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 586,
"width": 442,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Interest Interests related to someone who pays attention and responds to messages conveyed by communicators based on existing stimuli.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 624,
"width": 443,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Motivation Hideen motivation encourages a person to do something according to the needs and interests of the others, which are contrary to himself.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 663,
"width": 440,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Prejudice Prejudice is a person’s objective thinking about something by evaluating something negativelly.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 694,
"width": 443,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The communication barriers between deaf and hearing people continue as long as they interact in a way that is not right for both of them. However, on the other hand, many students have succeeded in continuing their education up to university, even though they are taught by listening lecturers. So it can be concluded that to overcome these obstacles, deaf students and hearing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 414,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2022 Journal Communication Spectrum: Capturing New Perspectives in Communication, Vol. 12 No. 2 (August-January)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 496,
"top": 798,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "138",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 443,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "lecturers already have communication pattern so that they can understand each other, especially in lecture activities in the classroom.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 443,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To get effective communication, effort are needed to overcome communication barriers. In overcoming communication barriers, there is a theory of uncertainty and anxiety management by Gudykunst. LittleJohn and Foss (2009) mention that when we meet strangers, we have desire to reduce uncertainty by getting to know other people. Griffin (2012) mentioned that the goal of the theory of managing uncertainty is effective communication rather than closeness or relationship satisfaction. Tubbs and Moss (as cited in Rakhmat, 2018) stated that effective communication leads to five things: understanding, pleasure, influence on attitudes, better relationships, and actions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 185,
"width": 443,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effective communication and the uncertainty and anxiety theory will be able to form a common meaning between the communicator and the communicant. The management of uncertainty and anxienty relates to all communication patterns that affect a person’s behavior while communicating with others (LittleJohn & Foss, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 236,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Morissan (2013) argues that uncertainty and anxiety in communication will be processed based on the cultural backgrounds of each person involved. A person will try to reduce uncertainty and anxiety by identifying himself strongly through culture to feel confident when communicating with other people or groups. If a person feels that they cannot manage uncertainty and anxiety, they will choose to avoid communication.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 299,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meanwhile, according to Bevee and Thill (as cited in Dewi, 2007), how to overcome obstacles and improve communication to be effective are as follows maintain an open communication climate, determined to uphold communication ethics, understand tge difficulties of intercultural communication, use a receiver-centered approach to communication, use technology wisely and responsibility to acquire and share, and create and process messages effectively and efficiently.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 363,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Therefore, this study aims to see what kinds of communication patterns are carried out between deaf students and hearing lecturers during the teaching and learning process in the classroom. Researchers also want to see what kinds of barriers are faced and how to deal with these barriers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 426,
"width": 41,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 440,
"width": 443,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological study research strategy. Researchers analyzed communication patterns between deaf students and hearing lecturers in the classroom. Researchers will focus on how to communicate, communication barriers, and how to overcome communication barriers experienced by deaf students and hearing lecturers when communicating in the class. The research strategy with phenomenological studies will assist the researcher in describing the communication patterns that form between them. Data collection techniques were obtained from primary and secondary sources through in-depth interviews and literature studies. Informants of this study were deaf students at three universities in Central Java and Yogyakarta such as Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret, and Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 567,
"width": 443,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Interviews were assisted by local interpreters and via chat applications. Meanwhile, a literature study is assisted by using previous research in the form of journals. The unit of analysis in this study includes communication patterns, communication barriers, and overcoming communication barriers. The unit response in this study is deaf students who use more than one media to communicate in the classroom with hearing lecturers. After the data was collected, transcription and coding were carried out. At the coding stage, the researcher systematically collects similar facts. This activity is for distinguishing data that needs to be analyzed or ignored. The next stage in coding is determining the categorization to obtain details of the facts that have been analyzed. Next, the researcher draws general conclusions after the stages of collecting similar facts and categorization. Then, the researcher will be able to make a narrative of the analysis that will be linked to the theories and concepts.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 720,
"width": 127,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 739,
"width": 305,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Communication Patterns Between Hearing Lecturer and Deaf Student",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 38,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aprilia & Nisa, Communication Patterns of Deaf Students",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 798,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "139",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 70,
"width": 443,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The communication patterns proposed by Effendy (2003) consisted of primary, secondary, linear, and circular communication processes. The communication process between deaf students and lecturers is carried out both consciously and unconsciously. Based on the data obtained through interviews with the four informants, the communication process for deaf lecturers and students is included in the communication process in primary, secondary, and circular ways. Researchers did not find linear or one-way communication processes when they saw the research results.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 152,
"width": 144,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Primary Communication Process",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 166,
"width": 443,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In the classroom, the communication process is primarily characterized by using symbols as the main means of conveying messages. These symbols are divided into verbal and non-verbal symbols. Based on the results of the study, the verbal symbols contained in the communication between deaf students and lecturers are language and paralanguage. The use of verbal language is shown when the lecturer delivers material and answers student questions using Indonesian and English. Meanwhile, the paralanguage includes the clarity of the lecturer’s vocals when speaking. The clarity of the lecturer’s vocals can be seen from how the mouth movements can be seen and interpreted by deaf students as a whole.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 443,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meanwhile, non-verbal symbols consist of the use of signs, tool, and pictures to deliver messages. Based on the reasearch results, signs are more widely used than tools and images. Signs such as body movements, facial expressions, and eye gaze are relatively more widely used by deaf students to communicate both with lecturers and other students. However, the use of these signs is only used by deaf students in certain situations, such as informant 2, who used signs to make a presentation when he got the last turn.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 345,
"width": 443,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on related reserach conducted by Ariej and Rahardjo (2019), lecturers nts. In accordance with the results of the study, the reseracher found that verbal and linguistic languages are more likely to be used bu lecturers to communicate in class, such as in Indonesian and English, which require oral communication with clear pronunciation of vowels.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 396,
"width": 443,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Non-verbal symbols consisting of signs, tools, and pictures are relatively more widely used by deaf students to communicate with lecturers. The signs used by deaf students to communicate consisted of hand signs, body movements, facial expressions, and eye gaze with different intensities. Researchers assessed that the intensity of using hand signals and eye gaze was mostly used by deaf students in class, because considering that informants rarely communicate using body movements and facil expressions during class. The hand gestures used by deaf students were like writing the alphabet on their hands to facilitate communication. Meanwhile, deaf students use eye gaze to see the words spoken by the lecturer while explaining the material in class.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 498,
"width": 443,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Through the explanation above, the communication process between deaf students and lecturers is primarily influenced by symbols such as verbal and non-verbal symbols. The use of verbal symbols is used by lecturer to communicate with deaf students. Meanwhile, the use of the non- verbal symbol is used by deaf students to communicate with lecturers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 554,
"width": 157,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secondary Communication Process",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 568,
"width": 443,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The communication process between deaf students and lecturers is done secondarily way, meaning that there are media to transmit messages. Media to support the communication process between students and lecturers are mobile applications, notetakers, and interpreters. Some of the mobile applications used to communicate are Transcribe and WhatsApp. Transcribe is a mobile application that converting audio to text, and WhatsApp is a chat application. Both Transcribe and WhatsApp require an internet connection. Transcribe and WhatsApp were used by all of the informants to ask questions about subjects and assigments that had not been understood, to contact lecturers, or it could be for final assignment guidance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 670,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Notetakers and interpreters are also media that support the communication process between deaf students and lecturers. Notetaker is responsible for converting the lecturers oral messages into manually typed/ written text. Meanwhile, the translator is in charge of translating the teacher’s oral message into sign language and vice versa. However, the use of media was only used in certain situations.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 734,
"width": 442,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secondary communication, according to Effendy (2003), is done by using the media to transmit messages. Mulyana (2015) argues that the media or channel is a tool to convey messages from",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 414,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2022 Journal Communication Spectrum: Capturing New Perspectives in Communication, Vol. 12 No. 2 (August-January)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 496,
"top": 798,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "140",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 443,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "communicators to message recepients. Based on the research results, the tools or media used to transmit messages consist of mobile applications, notetakers, and translators. The use of each medium depends on the choice of each informant and can vary. All these media are tools to support the secondary communication process between deaf students and lecturers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 126,
"width": 145,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Circular Communication Process",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 140,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The circular communication process is related to two-way communication, such as when in the classroom between deaf students and lecturers, there is mutual communication. When the lecturer explained the material in the form of theory and practice, the form of feedback received was questions from deaf students. Then, the feedback that deaf students will receive is the answers to their questions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 204,
"width": 443,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research found that circular communication between deaf studnets and lecturers is relatively longer than when the lecturer communicates with listening to students. This is because both deaf students and lecturers need to adjust the question and answer process based on the methods and tools used to convey messages. In addition, if either the student is deaf or the lecturer does not understand the questions or answers, it is necessary to do repetition in order to understand the message content fully.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 281,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Communication as an interaction involves delivering verball and nonverbal messages accompanied by feedback (Mulyana, 2015). Based on the results of the study, the researcher found that the circular communication process between deaf students and lecturers was marked by the process of providing feedback, which lasted relatively longer because it needed adjustments and needed to be done repeatedly so that the message content was conveyed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 350,
"width": 302,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Communication Barriers Between Hearing Lecturer and Deaf Student",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 364,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the interview with the four informant, the researcher obtained various data from the answers of the four informant. The various answer from informant is related to the education background, communication experience while in the classroom when communicating with lectures, and institution of the informant. Communication barrier, as presented by Effendy (2003) consists of communication barriers consisting of interference, interests, hidden motivation, and prejudice.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 428,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the experiences of respondets when communicating with lecturers, there are communication barriers in the form of distraction and interests. Meanwhile, communication barriers to hidden motivation and prejudice were not experienced by all informant. This is because the informant does not force other people to help themselves, and also, the informant does not have a prejudice against other people and the environment.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 497,
"width": 157,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Communication Barrier: Distraction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 511,
"width": 443,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Distractions in communication barriers, according to Effendy (2003) are divided into mechanical and semantic distraction. Mechanical faults consist of channel disturbances and noise. In mechanical distraction, informant said that it happened when they are with a notetaker. Notetaker is someone who takes notes for deaf students based on what the lecture says. The notetaker often had difficulty listening to the voice of the lecturer. This is because the classroom atmosphere is noisy. Informant feel this then affects the next written by notetakers. Another mechanical distraction happens when deaf students have to come alone because notetakers and interpreters are unable to attend. During the class, lecturers tend to use verbal language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 613,
"width": 443,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Besides notetakers, all of the informant also use a mobile application to help their communication process, which is called Transcribe. However, the deaf students often encounter obstacles in using that application. The application works by transcript the lecturer’s audio into text and vice versa that depends on the distance and volume of the audio. When the classroom atmosphere is not conductive, or there is noise such as the voices of other students who are also speaking, the audio from the lecturer who does not use a microphone which is converted into text cannot be detected.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 703,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mechanical distraction experienced by deaf students was related to sounds, either intentional or unintentional that was made by the environment surround. The sound that often occur, usually from vehicles, voices of other students in the classroom, voices of other students outside the classroom, and the sound of falling objects, make the message translation process disturbed. Although deaf students cannot hear the sounds and voices that exist, this affects the results of the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 38,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aprilia & Nisa, Communication Patterns of Deaf Students",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 798,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "141",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 70,
"width": 443,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "notetaker writing and the transcript from the application. Therefore, deaf students often do not understand what is written.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 95,
"width": 443,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Second is a semantic distraction, which is interference when interpreting messages and the use of language often occurs during lectures. When understanding the theoretical material with Power Point, informant said the lecturer explainded more with verbal language than written. This made it difficult to understand the explanation. This has happened to informant 1 and 2. Informants are more able to receive material throughpractice. Informants explained that they could see and understand through formulas written by lecturers. Meanwhile, if the theory is they will only accept the conclusions written by the notetakers. In contrast to informant 1 and 3, repondents 3 actually experienced barriers when taking practical courses. If that day, the informant comes to class with an interpreter, sometimes the interpreter does not understand the language and terms used by the lecturer. This causes the translator not to know what to sign the terms to informant 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 223,
"width": 443,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Deaf students experience another semantic barriers, reading lip movements. As stated by informant 4, the informant had difficulty reading the lecturer’s mouth movements, understanding foreign words, or words that read the same when a deaf student read the lecturer’s mouth. Some facturs that affect the ability of deaf students to read lecturer’s mouth movements are age, articulation, and the physical condition of the lecturer. Then also, the pronunciationof several letters was considered by deaf students to read the same when using the lip-reading technique. For example is the word “sabuk” which reads as “cabuk”, making deaf students do not understand the lectures’ conversation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 325,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Also, when deaf students were using the Transcribe, semantic barriers also occured. When lecturer uses other languages, for example English to explain the subject, the application was often can not detect the sound. Besides that, according to informant 1, this application relies on signal strength. A strong signal can make incoming text quickly if the signal is not strong then the message will be late.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 389,
"width": 443,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Most of semantic distraction experienced by deaf students is the usage of language for daily communication, which affects the meaning of messages. All of the informants said that they were more comfortable to using Indonesian Sign Language (Bisindo) for daily communication rather than oral communication. This is also mentioned in research conducted by Gumelar et al., (2018) the researcher explained that a deaf person uses Bisindo because it is learned naturally by deaf person like a regional language and will vary in each region.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 465,
"width": 443,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In contrast to the use of Bisindo by deaf students, lecturers in class always use verbal language orally. The oral communication used by lecturers is often confusing for deaf students, because they have limited vocabulary. In addition, related to oral communication by the lecturer, some factors make it hard to understand. Such as older lecturers with unclear articulation and also lecturers who were convered in mustaches or poor teeth structure, all of them make deaf students difficult to understand.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 542,
"width": 443,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Besides sign and oral communication, langauge is also a barrier. Some lecturer mixes national and international language to talk in the class. They used Indonesian and sometimes English. The local and foreign languages are used for daily communication in the classroom raises a lack of understanding. When deaf students use the applications, different language will not transcripted. Meanwhile, when deaf students try to read lectures mouth, they may not understand the local and foreign language that is produced. This is because deaf students are used to communicating in the national language, Indonesian. Based on related research by Ariej and Rahardjo (2019), deaf students also experience obstacles in language diversity such as foreign languages, namely English, to communicate.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 662,
"width": 143,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Communication Barrier: Interest",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 676,
"width": 443,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Communication barriers in the form of interests related to the attention of deaf students to messages conveyed based on existing stimuli. Barriers of interest occur when deaf students have to attend class without a notetaker or interpreter. At some universities, interpreters are volunteers from the same university. So that, when they have conflicting schedules, it requires deaf students to come to class without a notetaker or interpreter. Then when deaf students came with a notetaker, the notetaker would manually type the lecturer's voice into text. Some informants also experience obstacles when they come with a notetaker. Informant 1 and 2 felt that what the notetaker typed",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 414,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2022 Journal Communication Spectrum: Capturing New Perspectives in Communication, Vol. 12 No. 2 (August-January)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 496,
"top": 798,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "142",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 443,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "was the essence of the lecturer's explanation. Deaf students feel it is unfair when hearing friends can listen and know the lecturers' explanations in full, while deaf students only know the main idea and conclusions. Then, the informant felt that the notetaker took too long when typing the lecturer's explanation, so that it was often left behind. Based on the research of Wasito et al., (2012), which states that a deaf person needs special guidance teachers, adequate learning facilities such as hearing aids, and infrastructure that supports the movement of a deaf person. However, in some universities, there are still no notetakers and interpreters provided specifically to help deaf students during their lectures in class.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 178,
"width": 155,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Overcome Communication Barriers",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 191,
"width": 443,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to the theory by Gudykunst that in order to achieve effective communication, people need to manage uncertainty and anxiety so that communication runs effectively, which according to Tubbs and Moss (as cited in Rakhmat, 2018) creates understanding, enjoyment, influence on attitudes, better relationships, and actions. Also, according to Bevee and Thill (as cited in Dewi, 2007) there are ways to overcome communication barriers so that communication becomes effective, such as maintaining an open communication climate, being determined to uphold communication ethics, understanding intercultural communication difficulties, using a recipient- centered communication approach, using technology wisely and responsibly, and creating and process messages effectively and efficiently.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 306,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the explanation above, the results of the interview found that the methods deaf students did to overcome communication barriers are by understanding intercultural communication difficulties, using technology wisely and responsibly to obtain and share, create and process messages effectively and efficiently, and avoid communication.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 363,
"width": 67,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Understanding",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 377,
"width": 443,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effective communication is related to how deaf students and lecturers are able to understand the message. Deaf students try to form the same understanding of the messages conveyed and received. To be able to understand deaf students will provide choices of what media will be used to communicate. As was done by informant 4, when communicating with listening to friends, they will provide choices with verbal or text communication. If the interlocutor chooses verbal, but it is felt that they do not find the same message, it will switch to text.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 453,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Then, informant 2 and 4 also said that when they do not come with a notetaker or interpreter in class, they will adjust to reading mouth movements. If deaf students do not understand theoretical or practical courses, they will ask the lecturer either with the help of friends or applications ( Transcribe ). Meanwhile, to understand the explanation of the assignment, informant also sometimes asked friends or class leaders about what assignments were given.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 517,
"width": 443,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The process of giving questions in the class is done via text on a cellphone or manual writing. Then the text will be read by their classmates. Next, the lecturer will answer orally, and that will be transcripted by the same classmate. However, if the lecturer does not understand the questions from deaf students, the deaf students will repeatedly explain the questions to the lecturer. On the other hand, if a deaf student has difficulty understanding the explanation of the question, the lecturer will explain it repeatedly and in easy to understand words.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 594,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to Rakhmat (2018), understanding is careful acceptance of the content of the stimulus as intended by the communicator. The point is that both deaf students and lecturers need to understand each other's message. Based on the informants' answers, deaf students and lecturers try to understand each other's message by repeating questions and answers so that there is no error in the meaning of the message.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 663,
"width": 258,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Understand the Difficulties of Intercultural Communication",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 677,
"width": 443,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The difficulty of intercultural communication experienced by deaf students and lecturers is the use of verbal and nonverbal language used. As explained by informant 4, teachers who have an interest in learning sign language will be taught by informant 4 about sign language. Then, the teacher will communicate in sign language when to the informant. The lecturer also often helps deaf students to communicate and ensure that the informant understands the explanation of the teaching theory and practice.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 38,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aprilia & Nisa, Communication Patterns of Deaf Students",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 798,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "143",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 70,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DeVito (2011) stated that to achieve effective intercultural communication requires us to be aware of the differences between ourselves and others. This is related to lecturers trying to understand deaf students who are unable to hear voices by trying to learn sign language to communicate. Lecturers are also empathetic by making efforts so that deaf students understand what is being said, both theory and practice.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 139,
"width": 268,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Use Technology Wisely and Responsibly to Acquire and Share",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 443,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "All informants use mobile applications to help them communicate with the lectures in the classroom. The applications used by the four informants, such as Transcribe and WhatsApp. Some of the informants use the applications as primary media, while the others use the application when notetakers and interpreters are unable to attend. Informant 2 and 4 said that they used WhatsApp to contact lecturers outside the classroom. Especially for informant 4, who was working on the final project, carrying out the guidance, will use the WhatsApp application. Meanwhile, Transcribe is used to communicate in the classroom by converting audio to text and vise versa. According to informant 2, this application is used when communicating with old lecturers. However, if they still do not understand, the informants will ask to use WhatsApp in short sentences. Meanwhile, when informant 1 using Transcribe he sit in the front row to avoid noises.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 281,
"width": 443,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on related research conducted by Setyawan et al., (2019) an application was created that was able to help the daily activities of a deaf person because it was able to learn hand language in many languages, know sign language easily, and interpret sign language through applications. This research is related to overcome communication barriers by using technology, according to Effendy (2003). Through this application, deaf students have other options besides using Transcribe and WhatsApp to communicate with lecturers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 363,
"width": 244,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Create and Process Messages effectively and Efficiently",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 377,
"width": 443,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In order to get effective communication, deaf students need help to translate and deliver messages, such as using a mobile applications. Informant 3 mentioned that in order for the learning process to run smoothly, the informant needed a notetaker to help translate the lecturer's explanation. Meanwhile, informant 1 felt that he was better able to understand the explanation of the mobile application because it did not bother the notetaker and the translator. Meanwhile, informant 2 chose to sit in the front when there was a translator so that the delivery of the material could be maximized.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 466,
"width": 443,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on related research by Lintangsari (2014), not all of the deaf students have adequate written language skills as a provision for lecture activities. To create effective communication, deaf students need writing a provisions so that they are rich in vocabulary. The ability to write will also greatly help deaf students when they are hampered by absence of notetakers, interpreters, even when the mobile application is not functioning optimally.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 535,
"width": 112,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Avoiding Communication",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 550,
"width": 443,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "When communicating using a mobile applications, other deaf students still do not find clarity and found it difficult to communicate, so they will choose to avoid conversations with lecturers. If there is difficulty communicating with the lecturer, deaf students will ask for help from their classmates or the class leader. When friends only explain the point or say that the informant does not need to know, the informant chooses not to communicate with that friend anymore. However, informant also avoided asking questions because they were following their friends, thinking that the most important thing is to do the assignments.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 639,
"width": 443,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the theory of managing uncertainty and anxiety presented by Gudykunst, a person who feels that he cannot manage uncertainty and anxiety will choose to avoid communication. West and Turner (2012) stated that interpersonal communication related to listening skills, nonverbal response signs, and the same language is used to reduce uncertainty. However, because deaf students have difficulty listening to lecturers plus the as well as different languages, the level of uncertainty and anxiety increases. Thus, deaf students and lecturers chose to avoid communication. According the dialogic ethics of Buber theory, there are two concepts to build relations, such as I- It and I-Thou . These two concepts show a different attitude to communicate between man and things and between man to man.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 38,
"width": 414,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2022 Journal Communication Spectrum: Capturing New Perspectives in Communication, Vol. 12 No. 2 (August-January)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 496,
"top": 798,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "144",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 70,
"width": 445,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the study result, the communication pattern formed between the deaf students and hearing lecturers is in accordance with the theory of Dialogic Ethics by Buber. Every human being has a relation with an object or living things. I-it explains the relationship between human and things, while I-Thou explains the relationship between human and each other. The communication pattern that occurs between the deaf students and lecturers shows how the relationship between them. The relationships between people it is necessary to have a meeting whose purpose is to understand each other and learn about the differences that exist. When the way deaf students communicate is different from listening lecturers, there is an adjustment that happens so that the relationship remains formed and runs well. Among them use applications, note takers and translators, so that both can communicate well and occur reciprocally. Thus, in accordance with Buber's theory, there is a balance between the two, in which the two impose human beings as fellow subjects because there is reciprocity in communicating and connecting.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 235,
"width": 62,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 248,
"width": 443,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results and discussion of this study, it was concluded that deaf students and hearing lecturers often encountered various communication barriers in the form of disturbances and interests during communication, so that communication was not effective. In order for communication to run effectively, there are a number of efforts taken by deaf students and lecturers such as with understanding, understanding the difficulties of intercultural communication, using technology, creating and processing messages effectively and efficienlty, and if communication is still not effective enough to overcome communication barriers, a communication pattern is formed. In the communication pattern between dead students and lecturers, there is a two-way communication process in which there is the use of symbols and media to support communication. Some of the media to communicate are mobile applications, notetakers, and interpreters. Through research, it is known, that deaf students when communicating with hearing lecturers try harder than hearing students in the classroom. Then it is also known, that there are still very few hearing lecturers who can use sign language, making deaf students have to use various communication media depending on the situation and conditions. Based on this research, the researcher hoped that this research help and benefit students with disabilities in the field of education. Considering that education is one of the significant needs and rights of every citizen, especially deaf students.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 453,
"width": 443,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the analysis on the communication patterns between deaf students and hearing lecturers, this study suggested for universities in Indonesia to provide facilities for students with special needs, especially deaf students, as in this study. Some of the tools that can be considered include providing sign language interpreters, notetakers, and maximizing the use of mobile applications. This is so that communication between deaf students and hearing lecturers can run more effectively. Futhermore, this research can also be developed by looking at other points of view, such as the impact of ongoing communication patterns on the understanding of deaf students in the classroom, etc.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 573,
"width": 51,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "References",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 587,
"width": 442,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ariej, M. C., & Rahardjo, T. (2019). Adaptasi komunikasi mahasiswa tuli di perguruan tinggi. Interaksi Online , 8 (1), 132-144. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/interaksi-online/article/view/26340",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 614,
"width": 443,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arnett, R. C., Fritz, J. M., & Bell, L. M. (2009). Communication ethics literacy: Dialogue and difference . SAGE Publications.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 641,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Badewi, M. H. (2015). Relasi antarmanusia dalam nilai-nilai budaya Bugis: Perspektif filsafat dialogis Martin Buber. Jurnal Filsafat , 25 (1), 75. https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.12615 DeVito, J. A. (2011). Komunikasi antar manusia [The interpersonal communication book] (A. Maulana, Trans.) (5th ed.). Karisma Publishing Group. (Original work published 1989).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 694,
"width": 320,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewi, S. (2007). Komunikasi Bisnis . Andi Offset. Effendy, O. U. (2003). Ilmu, teori dan filsafat komunikasi . Citra Aditya Bakti. Griffin, E. A. (2012). A first look at communication theory (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 38,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aprilia & Nisa, Communication Patterns of Deaf Students",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 798,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "145",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 70,
"width": 442,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gumelar, G., Hafiar, H., & Subekti, P. (2018). Konstruksi makna BISINDO sebagai budaya tuli bagi anggota GERKATIN. INFORMASI: Kajian Ilmu Komunikasi , 48 (1), 65-78.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 97,
"width": 188,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.21831/informasi.v48i1.17727",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 110,
"width": 443,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Handayani, M. A. (2018). Komunikasi anak tuna rungu (Studi etnografi komunikasai pada anak-anak tuna rungu di SLB B Yakut Purwokerto). INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication) , 3 (2), 213. https://doi.org/10.18326/inject.v3i2.213-230",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 150,
"width": 443,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hia, R. (2014). Konsep Relasi Manusia Berdasarkan Pemikiran Martin Buber. MELINTAS , 30 (3), 303. https://doi.org/10.26593/mel.v30i3.1448.303-322",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 177,
"width": 442,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Iumentut, G. F., Pantow, J. T., & Waleleng, G. J. (2017). Pola komunikasi pemimpin organisasi dalam meningkatkan motivasi kerja anggota di LPM (lembaga pers mahasiswa) inovasi UNSRAT. Acta Diurna Komunikasi , 6 (1). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/actadiurnakomunikasi/article/view/15480 Lestari, D. S. (2016). Penyesuaian sosial pada mahasiswa tuli. INKLUSI: Journal of Disability Studies , 3 (1), 103- 134. https://doi.org/10.14421/ijds.030106",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 243,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lintangsari, A. P. (2014). Identifikasi kebutuhan mahasiswa tuli dalam pembelajaran bahasa tulis. Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies , 1 (1), 60-70. https://ijds.ub.ac.id/index.php/ijds/article/view/11 Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2009). Teori komunikasi [Theories of human communication] (M. Y. Hamdan, Trans.). Salemba Humanika. (Original work published 2008).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 297,
"width": 293,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Morissan. (2013). Teori komunikasi: Individu hingga massa . Prenada Media.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 310,
"width": 342,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mulyana, D. (2015). Ilmu komunikasi: Suatu pengantar (19th ed.). Remaja Rosdakarya. Rakhmat, J. (2018). Psikologi komunikasi . Simbiosa Rekatama Media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 337,
"width": 443,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumyaru, B. (2018). “Top ten”, citra relasional manusia dalam \"trias entitas” tinjauan kritis-dialogis pandangan Buber dan Heidegger. Expose: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi , 1 (1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.33021/exp.v1i1.366 Setyawan, A., Naphan, G. X., Dynata, K., Friry, J. E., & Hendric Spits Warnars, H. L. (2019). Aplikasi Deaf Helper untuk interaksi komunitas penderita gangguan pendengaran. JUST IT : Jurnal Sistem Informasi, Teknologi Informatika dan Komputer , 10 (1), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.24853/justit.10.1.18-26",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 403,
"width": 442,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wasito, D. R., Sarwindah, D., & Sulistiani, W. (2012). Penyesuaian Sosial Siswa tuna Rungu Di Sekolah Umum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 417,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan , 2 (2), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v2n2.p81-92 West, R. L., & Turner, L. H. (2017). Pengantar teori komunikasi: Analisis dan aplikasi [Introducing communication theory: Analysis and application] (H. Bhimasena, & G. T. Pratiwi, Trans.) (5th ed.). Salemba Humanika. (Original work published 2013).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 470,
"width": 442,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wuryanti, S. (2019, February 12). Kemampuan verbal peserta didik tunarungu usia 6-11 tahun di Indonesia . BPPB Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/10513/",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
fef9bff0-41e7-ff4b-4425-591b62e00ca1 | https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ifnp/article/download/88534/39163 | [
{
"left": 41,
"top": 75,
"width": 67,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2597-9388",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 166,
"width": 340,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Honoka Miyamoto 1 , Erwina Safitri 1 , Takeshi Nagai 2 , Masataka Saito 1*",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 192,
"width": 344,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Kagawa Nutrition University, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan, 350-0288",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 215,
"width": 381,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan, 990-8560",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 239,
"width": 170,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "* Corresponding author: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 260,
"width": 483,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted: August 10 th , 2023; Revised: November 25 th , 2023; Accepted: November 29 th , 2023 Published: May 8 th , 2024",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 295,
"width": 506,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are antidiabetic drugs that can lower blood sugar levels. There are still few reports on the DPP-IV inhibitory activity of peptides obtained from discarded fish skin. Therefore, we prepared various enzymatic hydrolysates using the skins of six fish species and investigated their DPP-IV inhibitory effects. As a result, it was found that the DPP-IV inhibitory activity of yellowtail hydrolysate by Alcalase was higher than that of other enzymes. In addition, the IC 50 after ethanol fractionation was found to be lower in yellowtail and eel skin hydrolysate. Amino acid composition analysis showed that the hydrolysate obtained from the skin of the yellowtail contained the highest amount of Gly, followed by Pro, Hyp, and Ala, indicating that it was a peptide derived from type I collagen. Fractionation with ethanol showed that the DPP-IV inhibitory components were contained in the low molecular weight fraction. The artificial digestion test observed no DPP-IV inhibitory activity or average molecular weight change. The DPP-IV inhibitory peptide obtained from fish skin has the potential to be applied as a food material to various food products.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 427,
"width": 351,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Alcalase, collagen hydrolysate, dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ (DPP-Ⅳ), fish skin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 484,
"width": 256,
"height": 257,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor is one of the antidiabetic drugs, and by inhibiting DPP-IV existing in the body, it suppresses the decomposition of incretin and sustains insulin secretion (Smushkin et al. , 2009). It can consequently suppress the hyperglycemia characteristic of type 2 diabetes (Thoma et al. , 2003; Gheni et al ., 2014). DPP-IV inhibitors maintain blood glucose-dependent insulin action, so there are only a few side effects of conventional drugs, such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. However, there are concerns about side effects such as gastrointestinal side effects, acute pancreatitis, and heart failure (Theodosis et al ., 2014; Desai et al ., 2010; Nonaka et al ., 2008). In recent years, it has been reported that peptides obtained from proteins contained in milk, eggs, walnuts, etc., exhibit DPP-IV inhibitory activity and are attracting attention as food materials that can inhibit DPP-IV without side effects (Jia et al ., 2020; Nong et al ., 2020; Kong et al ., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 758,
"width": 255,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "More than 80% of the total protein in fish skin discarded as processing residue is composed of type I collagen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 462,
"width": 255,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Kimura et al ., 1999; David et al ., 2020). Type I collagen fulfills the main supporting function not only in fish but also in all vertebrates as the major fibrillar component. Since collagen contains abundant Pro and Hyp residues, collagen-derived peptides may have a high affinity for DPP-IV, which recognizes the Pro residues of peptides (Wang et al. , 2021). In addition, since fish skin type I collagen differs in amino acid composition and sequence from that of mammals, the obtained peptides are thought to exhibit different inhibitory activities and properties depending on the fish species (Zhuang et al ., 2012). DPP- IV inhibitory peptides derived from fish skins such as Atlantic salmon (Jin et al. , 2020) and tilapia (Liu et al. , 2022) have been recently reported as food materials for human health.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 692,
"width": 255,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In this study, we investigated the DPP-IV inhibitory effects of peptides produced by various enzymes. We aimed to develop fish skin-derived hydrolysates (peptides) containing DPP-IV inhibitory active ingredients as food materials. In addition, enzymatic hydrolysates were prepared from fish skins of yellowtail, eel, Pacific flounder, mackerel, rainbow trout, and opah,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 63,
"width": 255,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "which are generally considered edible, and peptides exhibiting inhibitory activity were compared.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 132,
"width": 46,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Materials",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 146,
"width": 255,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "As samples, yellowtail ( Seriola quinqueradiata ), eel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 161,
"width": 261,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( Anguilla japonica ), Pacific flounder ( Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini ), mackerel ( Scomber australasicus ), opah ( Lampris guttatus ), and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were purchased from the market and used. The opah was provided by the Central Research Institute of Fisheries, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency. The wet weights of skins collected from yellowtail, eel, Pacific flounder, mackerel, opah, and rainbow trout were 69.8 g, 52.4 g, 22.4 g, 21.9 g, 19.2 g, and 16.6 g, respectively, and were kept at -40 ℃ until used.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 333,
"width": 255,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Preparation of dried fish skin and conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 365,
"width": 255,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DPP-IV inhibitory peptide was prepared from yellowtail skin to examine the enzymatic degradation conditions. First, scales and fish meat were carefully removed from the yellowtail fillet, and the obtained dermis was cut into 5 mm squares. Then, 10 times the amount of hexane- isopropanol solution (3:2) was added and degreased by stirring. Then, after washing with ultrapure water, freeze- drying was performed to obtain a dried fish skin sample. A 100-fold amount of 0.2 M sodium hydroxide solution was added to 1 g of dried fish skin, and alkaline washing was performed by stirring for 24 hours. After washing with alkali, the mixture was washed with ultrapure water until it became neutral, and various enzymatic reaction solutions were added, followed by pressurization and heat treatment (2.0 kgf/cm 2 , 121 °C, 20 minutes) using an autoclave. After that, various enzymes were added to carry out enzymatic hydrolysis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 624,
"width": 255,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1. shows the enzymes and decomposition conditions used. Alcalase (Sigma-Aldrich), papain, pepsin, trypsin (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp.), protease P \"Amano\" 3SD (Amano enzyme Inc.), and α- chymotrypsin (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were used for digestion (Nongonierma et al ., 2018; Takahashi et al ., 2021; Zhang et al ., 2016). After enzymatic hydrolysis, the autoclave was again pressurized and heated to inactivate the enzyme, followed by centrifugation (14,010 g, 20 minutes), and the obtained supernatant was used as an enzymatic hydrolysis sample.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 63,
"width": 255,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In addition, in order to recover low-molecular-weight components in the sample, ethanol was added to the yellowtail skin hydrolysate to a concentration of 75% [v/v], stirred, and then centrifuged (14,010 g, 20 minutes). Thereafter, ethanol was removed from the supernatant using a rotary evaporator to obtain an ethanol fraction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 156,
"width": 255,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Preparation of ethanol fraction from various fish skin hydrolysates",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 185,
"width": 255,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To compare the DPP-IV inhibitory activity of skin hydrolysates by fish species at the same concentration and clarify the difference, Alcalase 0.5% was used for fish skins of yellowtail, eel, flounder, mackerel, rainbow trout, and opah. Before adding the enzyme, the fish skins were treated in the same manner as in the previous enzymatic hydrolysis method. Enzymatic degradation was performed at 40 °C for 20 hours. Subsequently, ethanol fractionation was performed, and the DPP-IV inhibitory activity and weight average molecular weight of the supernatant were compared before and after ethanol fractionation and between fish species.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 368,
"width": 106,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artificial digestion test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 382,
"width": 255,
"height": 258,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The decomposition product of yellowtail skin obtained using 0.5% Alcalase was fractionated with ethanol and used for the artificial digestion test. After adjusting the ethanol fraction to pH 2.0 with hydrochloric acid, 1% (w/w) of porcine pepsin (Sigma-Aldrich) was added and reacted at 37 °C for 2 hours. After the reaction, the pH was adjusted to 8.0 with a sodium hydroxide solution, and the enzyme was deactivated by heating at 100 °C for 10 minutes. The pepsin digest was centrifuged (14,010 g, 20 minutes) to obtain a supernatant. Furthermore, 1% (w/w) of porcine trypsin (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp.) was added to the pepsin hydrolysate and reacted at 37 °C for 2 hours. After the reaction, the pepsin-trypsin hydrolysate was obtained by inactivating the enzyme by heating again. Each artificial digest obtained was centrifuged (14,010 g, 20 minutes), and the DPP-IV inhibitory activity and weight average molecular weight of the supernatant were examined.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 656,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Assay for DPP-IV inhibitory activity",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 671,
"width": 255,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To examine the DPP-IV inhibitory activity of various peptides, the method of Lacroix et al . (2012 and 2013) was partially modified. Using a 96-well microplate, 25 µl of each sample and 25 µl of 1.6 mM Gly-Pro-p- nitroanilide (final concentration 0.4 mM) were added and pre-incubated at 37 °C for 10 minutes in a plate incubator. Next, 50 µl of 4 mU/ml DPP-IV (final concentration 2 mU/ml) was added, stirred, and incubated at 37 °C for 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 516,
"width": 256,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hour. After completion of the reaction, 1 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) was added to stop the reaction, and absorbance (405 nm) was measured using a microplate reader (SH9000, Hitachi). Diprotin A (PEPTIDE INSTITUTE, Inc.), an inhibitor, was also measured simultaneously (Lacroix et al ., 2013). DPP-IV inhibitory activity was calculated as follows.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 622,
"width": 251,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DPP-IV Inhibition (%) = 1 − ( Sample − Sample control Negative reaction − Negative control )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 658,
"width": 161,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sample: with inhibitor and DPP-IV.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 672,
"width": 243,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sample control: with inhibitor and without DPP-IV. Negative reaction: without inhibitor and with DPP-IV. Negative control: without DPP-IV and inhibitor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 724,
"width": 255,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IC 50 values were determined to compare the inhibitory effects of various degradation products. Furthermore, to examine the action on human DPP-IV, the DPP-IV Drug Discovery kit (Enzo Life Sciences, Inc.) and Diprotin A were used to compare IC 50 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 516,
"width": 255,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To investigate the DPP-IV inhibitory properties of degradation products obtained from yellowtail skins, Lineweaver-Burk plots were used to examine the inhibitory mode of peptides against DPP-IV (final concentration 2 mU/ml) (Umezawa et al ., 1984).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 597,
"width": 255,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Weight average molecular weight and amino acid composition analysis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 626,
"width": 255,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The weight average molecular weight of fish skin hydrolysate was analyzed by size exclusion column chromatography (SEC). Various degradants dissolved in HPLC eluent, 0.1% [v/v] trifluoroacetic acid–30% acetonitrile, were used for SEC.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 706,
"width": 255,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The HPLC analysis conditions were Shimadzu LC-20 system, Superdex™ peptide 10/300GL (Cytiva), column temperature of 40 °C, flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, and absorption wavelength of 230 nm. Lysozyme and L- anserine from Sigma-Aldrich and insulin, substance P, and glycylglycine from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 66,
"width": 473,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1. DPP-IV inhibitory activity, average molecular weight, and IC 50 value of yellowtail skin hydrolysate before and after ethanol fractionation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 469,
"width": 478,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "All data are shown as the mean ± SE (n=3). The different letters indicate significant differences by Tukey-Kramer ( p < 0.05). The significant difference in specific activity and molecular weight before and after ethanol fractionation are indicated by the asterisk by Student’s t -test ( p < 0.05).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 98,
"width": 458,
"height": 360,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Enzyme (Conditions) Hydrolysate Ethanol fractionated Specific activity (%/mg) Molecular weight Specific activity (%/mg) Molecular weight IC 50 (mg/ml) Alcalase (2 ％ , 50 ℃, pH 8.0 ） 342±2 a 600±0 420±4 a* 600±0 1.19±0.01 a Trypsin (1 ％ , 37 ℃, pH 8.0 ） 185±5 b 9500±200 128±3 b* 8900±100 3.90±0.08 b α-Chymotrypsin (4 ％ , 37 ℃, pH 8.0 ） 201±16 c 10500±300 225±2 c 6700±200 * 2.22±0.02 c Protease P “Amano” 3SD (0.25 ％ , 40 ℃, pH 8.0 ） 297±9 d 8900±0 331±4 d 7700±100 * 1.51±0.02 d Control (40 ℃, pH 8.0) 23±2 - - - - Papain (3 ％ , 50 ℃, pH 7.0 ） 249±11 e 9100±100 184±5 e* 8300±200 2.72±0.07 e Control (50 ℃, pH 7.0) 60±14 - - - - Pepsin (3 ％ , 37 ℃, pH 2.0 ） 168±19 f 8800±100 112±3 f 7100±100 * 4.46±0.11 f Control (37 ℃, pH 2.0) 60±16 - - - -",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 63,
"width": 255,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Corp were used as standard substances. The lab solution GPC Software (Shimadzu Corporation) was used as SEC analysis software, and a calibration curve of standard substances was created to calculate the weight average molecular weight.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 143,
"width": 255,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amino acid composition analysis was performed on yellowtail skin and ethanol fractions using the post- column with the o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) reagent (Saito et al ., 2014). In addition, acid-soluble type I collagen (ASC) was prepared from the skin of the yellowtail, and the amino acid composition was analyzed in the same manner.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 253,
"width": 87,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Statistical analysis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 270,
"width": 255,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analysis results such as protein concentration and DPP- IV inhibitory activity are shown as mean ± standard error using data obtained from three or more measurements. Statistical analysis software SPSS Statistics ver. 28 (IBM) was used to perform one-way analysis of variance, Tukey-Kramer method, and Student's t-test. In both cases, the significance level was set at 5%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 406,
"width": 144,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Various enzymatic degradation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 423,
"width": 255,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DPP-IV inhibitory activity was observed in all enzymatic hydrolysates (Table 1). In addition, the inhibitory activity against decomposition products of Alcalase, 3SD, and papain was high. Next, when the hydrolysate was fractionated with ethanol, the average molecular weight decreased in the hydrolysate other than in Alcalase. The IC 50 of those fractions was the lowest for Alcalase, showing 1.19 mg/ml.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 552,
"width": 255,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Changes in Alcalase decomposition products at different reaction temperatures",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 584,
"width": 255,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In order to efficiently obtain enzymatic decomposition products, the amount of Alcalase, temperature, and reaction time were investigated using dried yellowtail skin after alkali washing. When enzymatic degradation was performed at reaction temperatures of 50 °C and 40 °C, the specific activity for DPP-IV inhibition was the highest at 20 hours of degradation conditions (Table 2). At both 40 °C and 50 °C, the weight-average molecular weight of the degradation products was about 1200 at 2% enzyme. On the other hand, in the case of 0.5% enzyme at 40 °C, the weight average molecular weight was 2300.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 752,
"width": 255,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "As a result of enzymatic hydrolysis of various fish skins under the same conditions, yellowtail skin hydrolysate had the highest DPP-IV inhibitory activity, followed by",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 63,
"width": 255,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "eel (Figure 1). In addition, the specific activity increased significantly after fractionation compared to before ethanol fractionation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 114,
"width": 247,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amino acid composition of yellowtail ethanol fraction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 132,
"width": 255,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The amino acid composition of enzymatic hydrolysate of yellowtail with low IC 50 was investigated and compared with untreated fish skin before decomposition and ASC (Table 3). Gly was the most abundant in the decomposed product and untreated fish skin, followed by Pro, Hyp, Ala, etc., showing a composition similar to ASC. Comparing the decomposed product with undegraded yellowtail skin, the decomposed product had significantly higher in Pro, Met and Tyr ratios and lower in Leu. Hydrolysis with Alcalase confirmed differences in amino acid residues contained in the recovered hydrolysates.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 300,
"width": 158,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lineweaver-Burk plot for DPP-IV",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 317,
"width": 258,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The inhibitory mode against DPP-IV was investigated in ethanol fractions of yellowtail after Alcalase digestion (Figure 2.). Diprotin A, which was used as a positive control, had an IC 50 of 5.2 µM and a high Km (3.35 mM), and did not affect Vmax (0.013), confirming competitive inhibition against DPP-IV. In contrast, the ethanol fraction of the yellowtail after Alcalase digestion showed a similar effect to the mixed inhibition type as there was a slight increase in Km (1.50 mM) and a slight decrease in Vmax (0.007).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 471,
"width": 255,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Human DPP-IV inhibitory activity and artificial digestion test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 503,
"width": 258,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To compare the effects of DPP-IV in different mammalian species, porcine and human DPP-IV were used to determine the IC 50 values of Diprotin A and ethanol fractions of yellowtail. Diprotin A had an IC 50 of 5.2±0.02 µM and 5.6 µM ± 0.05 µM against porcine and human DPP-IV, respectively. Ethanol fractions of yellowtail also showed similar IC 50 values (data not shown), which were not significantly different.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 627,
"width": 255,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "As a result of the artificial digestion test with pepsin and pepsin-trypsin of yellowtail ethanol fraction, no change in activity and molecular weight was observed in the pepsin- digested product and the pepsin-trypsin digested product compared to the undigested hydrolysate (Figure 3.).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 734,
"width": 257,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In this study, as a result of degrading using 6 types of enzymes, differences in DPP-IV inhibitory activity and weight average molecular weight were observed depending on the enzyme. These are due to differences in",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 447,
"width": 308,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0 10 20 30 40 50 Yellowtail Eel Flatfish Mackerel Opah",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 449,
"top": 643,
"width": 20,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Trout",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 425,
"width": 384,
"height": 249,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sp ec if ic ac tiv ity ( ％ /m g ) Before ethanol fractionation After ethanol fractionation ×10 A a * B a * C b * D c * D d * C b *",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 688,
"width": 419,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 1. DPP-IV specific activity of fish skin hydrolysate before and after ethanol fractionation. Bars represent standard errors from triplicate determinations. Different letters indicate significant difference between samples by Tukey-Kramer ( p <0.05). The significant difference in specific activity before and after ethanol fractions are indicated by asterisks by Student’s t -test ( p <0.05).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 107,
"width": 395,
"height": 244,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Temperature (Enzyme amount) Degradation time Specific activity ( ％ /mg) Total activity ( ％ /total protein amounts) Average molecular weight 40 ℃ (0.5 ％ ) 1h 259±9 aA 9700±300 aA - 3h 281±4 abA 10500±200 abA - 6h 297±1 bcA 11200±100 bA - 20h 317±4 cA 10900±100 bA 2300±100 a 40 ℃ (2 ％ ) 1h 309±6 aB 12000±100 aB - 3h 331±7 abB 12200±100 aB - 6h 321±7 abAB 10800±300 aA - 20h 349±7 bA 12700±600 aA 1200±0 b 50 ℃ (2 ％ ) 1h 317±10 aB 12000±300 aB - 3h 321±6 aB 11600±200 abB - 6h 339±9 aB 10700±300 abA - 20h 325±5 aA 10400±100 bA",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 435,
"top": 341,
"width": 33,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1200±0 b",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 66,
"width": 403,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2. DPP-Ⅳ inhibitory activity of Alcalase hydrolysate from yellowtail skin at different temperatures and degradation times.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 359,
"width": 408,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "All data are presented as mean ± SE (n=3). Significant differences at the same temperature and enzyme amount are shown in different lowercase letters and significant differences at the same time are shown in different uppercase letters, all in Tukey Kramer ( p < 0.05).",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 63,
"width": 255,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "the substrate specificity of the enzymes. Alcalase hydrolysate, which showed high inhibitory activity in degradation products, has been reported to recognize amino acid residues such as aromatic (Phe, Trp, Tyr), acidic (Glu), basic (Lys), Sulfur-containing (Met), aliphatic (Leu and Ala), and hydroxyl group (Ser) (Doucet et al ., 2003). Therefore, it is thought that the production of many peptides with various fragments affected the DPP-IV inhibitory activity. Alcalase hydrolysate showed a weight average molecular weight of 600. It is widely known that molecular weight distribution may affect the physiological activity of protein hydrolysates, and peptides with a molecular weight of less than 1000 are thought to play a major role in DPP-IV inhibitory activity (Agustia et al ., 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 289,
"width": 256,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alcalase is an endoprotease with broad specificity and is inexpensive, so it is used for industrial production, such as meat tenderization, cheese flavoring, baked confectionery production, and animal feed digestibility improvement (Güntelberg et al ., 1952; Smith et al ., 1968;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 63,
"width": 255,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kumar et al ., 1999). For the industrial production of peptides, cost reduction and production efficiency are major issues. After examining the degradation reaction time, temperature, and the amount of enzyme in Alcalase, it was found that the sample with 2% Alcalase increased DPP-IV inhibitory activity regardless of temperature. On the other hand, even if the degradation time was increased to 20 hours, no significant change was observed in the difference in inhibitory activity. Next, when the enzyme amount was reduced to 0.5%, the inhibitory activity of these hydrolysates was low in a short period of 1 to 6 hours. However, when hydrolyzed for 20 hours, the inhibitory activity was high. It exhibited almost the same activity as the degradation product with an enzyme amount of 2%. From the above, it is considered that the enzyme amount of 0.5% and the long decomposition time are suitable as enzymatic decomposition conditions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 318,
"width": 255,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The yellowtail hydrolysate obtained by six kinds of enzymes was further fractionated with ethanol, and the As eight-average molecular weight was measured. a result,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 144,
"top": 411,
"width": 283,
"height": 334,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hydrolysate Untreated skin ASC Asp 4.6±0.0 ab 5.0±0.2 a 4.5±0.0 b Hyp 6.4±0.1 a 5.6±0.3 a 6.7±0.2 a Thr 2.6±0.0 a 2.8±0.5 a 2.5±0.0 a Ser 3.8±0.1 a 3.9±1.1 a 3.7±0.1 a Glu 8.0±0.1 a 8.2±0.5 a 8.1±0.2 a Pro 11.4±0.1 a 9.3±0.6 b 11.0±0.2 a Gly 32.8±0.2 a 33.9±1.6 a 33.8±0.8 a Ala 12.4±0.1 a 12.6±0.8 a 12.0±0.1 a Val 2.3±0.0 a 2.3±0.4 a 1.8±0.3 a Met 0.9±0.1 a 0.0±0.0 b 1.2±0.0 c Ile 1.4±0.0 a 1.5±0.2 a 1.2±0.1 a Leu 2.4±0.0 a 2.9±0.2 b 1.9±0.1 c Tyr 0.4±0.0 a 0.0±0.0 b 0.4±0.1 c Phe 1.5±0.0 a 1.7±0.2 a 1.4±0.0 a His 0.9±0.1 a 0.8±0.1 a 0.6±0.0 b Hyl 0.4±0.0 a 0.5±0.1 a 0.6±0.0 b Lys 2.7±0.0 a 3.2±0.5 a 3.1±0.2 a Arg 5.0±0.1 a 5.6±0.6 a 5.6±0.2 a Total 100 100 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 378,
"width": 314,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 3. Amino acid composition of yellowtail hydrolysate after ethanol fractionation (%)",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 753,
"width": 314,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The different letters indicate significant differences by Tukey-Kramer ( p < 0.05). ASC means acid-soluble type I collagen prepared from yellowtail skin. All data are shown as the mean ± SE (n=3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 124,
"width": 198,
"height": 221,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "-1500 -500 500 1500 -6 -4 -2 0",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 186,
"width": 399,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 4 6 1 /v i ( A b s/6 0 m in ) 1/ ［ Gly-Pro-pNA ］ (1/mM)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 86,
"width": 238,
"height": 588,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "● Without inhibitor ▲ 5.2µM (A) Diprotin A -1500 -500 500 1500 -6 -4 -2 0",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 503,
"width": 395,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 4 6 1 /v i ( A b s/6 0 m in ) 1/ ［ Gly-Pro-pNA ］ (1/mM)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 399,
"width": 184,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(B) Yellowtail after ethanol fractionation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 726,
"width": 451,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 2. Lineweaver-Burk plot for DPP-IV inhibition with diprotin A (A) and yellowtail hydrolysate after ethanol fractionation. In the assay, the hydrolysate was measured at concentrations close to the IC 50 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 428,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Without inhibitor",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 441,
"width": 67,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "▲ 1.28 mg/ml",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 380,
"width": 255,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "there was no difference in the molecular weight of Alcalase degradation products before and after fractionation. On the other hand, the molecular weight decreased in all other enzymatic degradation products.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 447,
"width": 255,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The IC 50 measured after ethanol fractionation was significantly lower for the Alcalase hydrolysate. These results suggest that the DPP-IV inhibitory peptides in the degradation products may be related to their molecular weight and hydrophobicity.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 523,
"width": 255,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amino acid composition analysis of the ethanol fraction of yellowtail, which had high DPP-IV inhibitory activity, revealed that following Gly, imino acids (Pro and Hyp), and Ala were the highest. It was presumed that the resulting degradation products were peptides derived from type I collagen, a major component of fish dermis (Saito et al ., 2014). Comparing the undegraded yellowtail skin with the decomposed product, the Pro content of the decomposed product was significantly higher. It is presumed that the enzymatic hydrolysis of fish skin partially purified a peptide containing many Pro residues, which directly affects the inhibition of DPP-IV (Nongonierma et al ., 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 720,
"width": 255,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Currently reported IC 50 (mg/ml) of collagen peptide that inhibits DPP-IV is 1.65 to 3.04 for bovine skin, 1.5 to 1.61 for porcine skin, 3.52 for chicken leg, and 1.35 for salmon skin (Hatanaka et al ., 2014; He et al ., 2023; Hsu et al .,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 778,
"width": 255,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2013; Li-Chan et al ., 2012). In this study, the IC 50 values",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 380,
"width": 255,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "of the yellowtail and eel skin ethanol fractions after Alcalase digestion obtained are lower than those previously reported, suggesting that their inhibitory activity against DPP-IV is high.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 447,
"width": 257,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DPP-IV inhibitory peptides have been reported to exhibit various inhibition modes, such as competitive, non- competitive, uncompetitive, and mixed types, and bind to the active site and other sites in the structure of DPP-IV (Liu et al ., 2013). Food-derived peptides such as camel milk protein and soft-shelled turtle egg yolk have been reported to show competitive inhibition (Nongonierma et al ., 2018; Nong et al ., 2013). Diprotin A, used as a control, showed competitive inhibition, and the ethanol fraction of yellowtail skin after Alcalase digestion showed mixed inhibition with competitive and non-competitive properties. These results suggested that the degradation products contained peptides with various inhibitory modes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 658,
"width": 255,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To compare the effect of pig-derived DPP-IV and human- derived DPP-IV on activity, we compared the IC 50 of the ethanol fraction of yellowtail after digestion with Alcalase, along with diprotin A as a positive control. As a result, there was no significant difference in inhibitory activity between human and porcine DPP-IV. Furthermore, in order for DPP-IV inhibitory peptides to be ingested by humans and show efficacy, they must not be degraded in the digestive system. After conducting an",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 73,
"width": 359,
"height": 241,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Undegraded Pepsin Pepsin-Trypsin R ec o v er y r ate (%) Specific activity Total activity Molecular weight",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 325,
"width": 374,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 3. Recovery rate of ethanol fraction of yellowtail hydrolysate after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Bars represent standard errors from triplicate determinations.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 63,
"width": 255,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "artificial digestion test, no significant changes were observed in DPP-IV inhibitory activity or weight average molecular weight, indicating no effect on the human digestive absorption process. When humans ingest these peptides, similar to in vitro results, they inhibit DPP-IV present in the human body and inhibit the degradation of incretins, possibly contributing to improved blood sugar control.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 187,
"width": 255,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the above, the DPP-IV inhibitory effect of fish skin hydrolysate was clarified in this study, and the basis for efficient peptide production was established by examining enzymatic decomposition conditions and fractionation methods. As the raw material is normally discarded skin, production costs can be kept low, and the ethanol fraction after enzymatic degradation has the advantage that peptides with enhanced DPP-IV inhibitory activity can be recovered. Therefore, DPP-IV inhibitory peptides obtained from fish skin may be applied as food ingredients in various foods such as soups, beverages, health foods, and supplements in the future.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 397,
"width": 255,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In this study, the skins of yellowtail, eel, flounder, mackerel, rainbow trout, and opah were used to prepare hydrolysates that exhibit DPP-IV inhibitory activity. After pressurization and heating, hydrolysis with several kinds of enzymes showed high DPP-IV inhibitory activity with Alcalase. Alcalase digestion of each fish skin revealed that yellowtail and eel had the lowest IC 50 values, suggesting that the low-molecular-weight fraction contained peptides that inhibit DPP-IV. As a result of the artificial digestion test, there was no difference in the weight average molecular weight and DPP-IV inhibitory activity before and after the digestion test, suggesting that it is difficult to be degraded by digestive enzymes when ingested by humans. In the future, it is necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety in vivo and to investigate the structure and content of specific components that exhibit inhibitory activity.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 684,
"width": 255,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agustia, F., C., Murdiati, A., Supriyadi, Indrati, R. (2023). Production of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Peptides from Germinated Jack Bean [ Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.]. Flour. Prev. Nutr. Food Sci ., 28 (2), 149-159",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 754,
"width": 255,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "David, R., Jennifer L. (2020). Skin collagen through the life stages: Importance for skin health and beauty . Plast. Aesthet. Res ., 153, 1-24",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 62,
"width": 254,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desai, S., Brinker, A., Swann, J., Iyasu, S. (2010). Sitagliptin- associated drug allergy: Review of spontaneous adverse event reports. Arch. Intern. Med ., 170 , 1169– 1171",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 123,
"width": 255,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Doucet, D., Otter, D., Gauthier, S. F., Foegeding, E. A. (2003). Enzyme-induced gelation of extensively hydrolyzed whey proteins by Alcalase: Peptide identification and determination of enzyme specificity. J. Agric. Food Chem ., 51 , 6300-6308",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 197,
"width": 254,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gheni, G., Ogura, M., Iwasaki, M., Yokoi, N., Minami, K., Nakayama, Y., Harada, K., Hastoy, B., Wu, X., Takahashi, H., Kimura, K., Matsubara, T., Hoshikawa, R., Hatano, N., Sugawara, K., Shibasaki, T., Inagaki, N., Bamba, T., Mizoguchi, A., Fukusaki, E., Rorsman, P., Seino, S. (2014). Glutamate acts as a key signal linking glucose metabolism to incretin/cAMP action to amplify insulin secretion. Cell Rep ., 9 , 661-673",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 325,
"width": 254,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Güntelberg, A., V., Ottesen, M. (1952). Preparation of crystals containing the albumin-forming enzyme from Bacillus subtilis. Nature, 170 , 802-802",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 372,
"width": 254,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hatanaka, T., Kawakami, K., Uraji, M. (2014). Inhibitory effect of collagen-derived tripeptides on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem ., 29 , 823-828",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 433,
"width": 254,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "He, L., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Luo, J. (2023). Production and identification of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from discarded cowhide collagen. Food Chem ., 405 , 134793",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 494,
"width": 255,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hsu, K.-C., Tung, Y.-S., Huang, S.-L., & Jao, C.-L. (2013). Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory activity of peptides in porcine skin gelatin hydrolysates. Food Microbiol ., 10 , 205-218",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 555,
"width": 255,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jia, C. L., Hussain, N., Joy Ujiroghene, O., Pang, X. Y., Zhang, S. W., Lu, J., Liu, L., & Lv, J. P. (2020). Generation and characterization of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides from trypsin-hydrolyzed α- lactalbumin-rich whey proteins. Food Chem ., 318 , 126333",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 642,
"width": 254,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jin, R., Teng, X., Shang, J., Wang, D., Liu, N. (2020). Identification of novel DPP–IV inhibitory peptides from Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) skin. Food Res. Int. , 133 , 109161",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 695,
"width": 255,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kimura, S., Saito, M. (1999). Collagen in edible fish its biochemical properties in comparison with those of mammals . In Kenji S., Morihiko S., and H. Allan B. (Eds.). Characterization of fish type I collagen in extracellular matrix of fish and shellfish. (pp.1-13).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 761,
"width": 161,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Research Signpost (Trivandrum India).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 62,
"width": 254,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kumar, C., G., Takagi, H. (1999). Microbial alkaline proteases: from a bioindustrial viewpoint. Biotechnol. , 17 , 561- 594",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 110,
"width": 254,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kong, X., Zhang, L., Song, W., Zhang, C., Hua, Y., Chen, Y.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 123,
"width": 214,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Li, X. (2021). Separation, identification, and molecular binding mechanism of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides derived from walnut ( Juglans regia L.) protein. Food Chem ., 347 , 129062",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 184,
"width": 255,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lacroix, M., Li-Chan, E. (2012). Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory activity of dairy protein hydrolysates. Int.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 211,
"width": 79,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dairy J ., 2 , 97-102",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 232,
"width": 254,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lacroix, M., Li-Chan, E. (2013). Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV and α-glucosidase activities. J.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 258,
"width": 144,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agric. Food Chem ., 61 , 7500–7506",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 280,
"width": 255,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Liu, R., Cheng, J., Wu, H. (2019). Discovery of Food-Derived Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory Peptides: A Review Int. J. Mol. Sci ., 20 , 463",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 327,
"width": 255,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Liu, W., Wang, X., Yang, W., Li, X., Qi, D., Chen, H., Liu, H., Yu, S., Pan, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, G. (2022). Identification, screening, and comprehensive evaluation of novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from the tilapia skin gelatin hydrolysate produced using ginger protease. Biomolecules , 12 , 1866",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 415,
"width": 257,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Li-Chan, E. C., Hunag, S. L., Jao, C. L., Ho, K. P., Hsu, K. C. (2012). Peptides derived from Atlantic salmon skin gelatin as dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 60 , 973–978",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 476,
"width": 255,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nonaka, K., Kakikawa, T., Sato, A., Okuyama, K., Fujimoto, G., Kato, N., Suzuki, H., Hirayama, Y., Ahmed, T., Davies, M. J., Stein, P. P. (2008). Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. , (79), 291– 298",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 563,
"width": 255,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nongonierma, A. B. and FitzGerald, J. R. (2013). Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) by proline containing casein-derived peptides . J. Funct. Foods ,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 603,
"width": 56,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 , 1909-1917",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 624,
"width": 255,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nongonierma, A. B., Paolella, S., Mudgil, P., Maqsood, S. (2018). Identification of novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides in camel milk protein hydrolysates. Food Chem ., 244 , 340-348",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 35,
"top": 685,
"width": 254,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nong, N. T. P., Chen, Y. K., Shih, W. L., Hsu, J. L. (2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 698,
"width": 214,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Characterization of novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides from soft-shelled turtle yolk hydrolysate using orthogonal bioassay-guided fractionations coupled with in vitro and in silico study. Pharmaceuticals , 10 , 308-329",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 62,
"width": 254,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saito, M., Higuchi, T., Uchida, N. (2014). Identification and primary structures of eel type I collagen proa1, proa2, and proa3. Fish. Sci ., 80 , 1323-1335",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 110,
"width": 254,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Smith, E., L. (1968). The complete sequence: Comparison with subtilisin BPN'; evolutionary relationship. J. Biol.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 137,
"width": 96,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Chem ., 243 , 2184-2191",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 158,
"width": 254,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Smushkin, G., Vella, A. (2009). Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4: The mechanism of action and clinical use of vildagliptin for the management of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes ., 2 , 83-90",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 219,
"width": 254,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Takahashi, Y., Kamata, A., Konishi, T. (2021). Dipeptidyl peptidase‑IV inhibitory peptides derived from salmon milt and their effects on postprandial blood glucose level. Fish. Sci ., 87 , 619-626",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 280,
"width": 255,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Theodosios, D., F., Vasilios, G., A., Moses, S., E. (2014). The pharmacokinetic considerations and adverse effects of DPP-4 inhibitors. Expert. Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol ., 6 , 787-812",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 341,
"width": 254,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Thoma, R., Löffler, B., Stihle, M., Huber, W., Ruf, A., Hennig, M. (2003). Structural basis of proline-specific exopeptidase activity as observed in human dipeptidyl peptidase-IV. Structure , 8 , 947-959",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 401,
"width": 254,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Umezawa, H., Aoyagi, T., Ogawa, K., Naganawa, H., Hamada, M., Takeuchi, T. (1984). Diprotins A and B, inhibitors of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV, produced by bacteria. J. Antibiot ., 37 , 422-425",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 462,
"width": 255,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wang, B., Yu, Z., Yokoyama, W., Chiou, B., Chen, M., Liu, F., Zhong, F. (2021). Collagen peptides with DPP-IV inhibitory activity from sheep skin and their stability to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Biosci ., 42 , 101161",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 537,
"width": 254,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zhang, Y., Chen, R., Chen, X., Zeng, Z., Ma, H., & Chen, S. (2016). Dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitory peptides derived from silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) Proteins. J. Agric. Food Chem ., 4 , 831- 839",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 611,
"width": 257,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zhuang, Y., Sun, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, G. (2012). Antihypertensive effect of long-term oral administration of jellyfish ( Rhopilema esculentum ) collagen peptides on renovascular hypertension. Mar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 341,
"top": 663,
"width": 82,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Drugs , 10 , 417-426",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
5961b267-eae2-49f0-6f19-dece64ee178b | https://ejournal.unma.ac.id/index.php/bernas/article/download/6657/3665 | [
{
"left": 92,
"top": 57,
"width": 221,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BERNAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 4, 2023, pp. 2779-2784",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 80,
"width": 176,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.31949/jb.v4i4.6657",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 441,
"top": 58,
"width": 80,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN 2721-9135 p-ISSN 2716-442X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 791,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2779",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 106,
"width": 441,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peningkatan Pengetahuan Santriwati Dalam Rangka Implementasi PHBS Untuk Mencegah Timbulnya Penyakit Di Ponpes Al Hassan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 138,
"width": 47,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bekasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 170,
"width": 420,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Qurrota Aýun 1* , Vivit Nurholipah 2 , Lulu Ul Janah 3 , Marliza Oktapiani 4 , Siti Rapingah 5 1,2,3 Program Studi Biologi, Universitas Islam As-Syafiíyah, Bekasi, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 198,
"width": 340,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4 Pendidikan Agama Islam, Universitas Islam As-Syafiíyah, Bekasi, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 210,
"width": 427,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5 Program Studi DIII, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam As-Syafiíyah, Bekasi, Indonesia *e-mail korespondensi: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 258,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 269,
"width": 437,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Education and health are two interconnected aspects that have a significant impact on the development of individuals and society. Pondok Pesantren puteri Al Hassan has several issues, including health disorders, personal hygiene, and a lack of proper implementation of Clean and Healthy Lifestyle Patterns (PHBS). The aim of community service is to provide education on PHBS regarding infectious diseases and assess the level of knowledge before and after the material is delivered. The number of female students participating in the community service is 30 people. The methods employed include lectures, discussions, and question-and- answer sessions. The community service comprises three stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. The initial activity involves a pretest and a post-test to assess the level of knowledge before and after receiving PHBS material related to dengue fever (DBD) and worm infections. At the end of the activity, proper handwashing practices are demonstrated by a facilitator. Based on results, an increase in the knowledge about PHBS before and after receiving the material is evident. The average pretest score is 73% and post-test score of 93% after the material is delivered. There is a 20% increase in female students' knowledge. This community service activity effectively enhances the knowledge of female students at Pondok Pesantren puteri Al Hassan regarding the prevention of DBD and worm infection transmission.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 421,
"width": 261,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Worm infection; DBD; Disease; Improvement; PHBS",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 445,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 456,
"width": 437,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendidikan dan kesehatan adalah dua aspek yang saling terkait dan memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap perkembangan individu dan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Pondok Pesantren puteri Al Hassan memiliki beberapa permasalahan diantaranya gangguan kesehatan, kebersihan diri dan belum memiliki kebiasaan penerapan Pola Hidup Bersih Sehat (PHBS) yang benar. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan untuk memberikan penyuluhan PHBS mengenai penyakit menular dan menilai tingkat pengetahuan santriwati sebelum dan sesudah pemberian materi. Jumlah santriwati yang mengikuti pengabdian masyarakat sebanyak 30 orang. Metode yang digunakan dengan ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab. Tiga tahapan kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam pengabdian ini yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan awal dilakukan pretest dan di akhiri dengan post test berupa kuesioner untuk menilai tingkat pengetahuan santriwati sebelum dan sesudah pemberian materi PHBS terkait penyakit DBD dan cacingan. Akhir pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan praktik mencuci tangan dengan benar yang dipandu fasilitator. Berdasarkan hasil evalusi diketahui adanya peningkatan pengetahuan santriwati tentang PHBS sebelum dan sesudah menerima materi PHBS. Rata-rata hasil pretest pengetahuan santriwati sebesar 73% dan rata-rata hasil post test sesudah pemberian materi menjadi sebesar 93%. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan santriwati sebesar 20%. Kegiatan pengabdian masayarakat ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan santriwati di Pondok Pesantren Al Hassan mengenai pencegahan penularan penyakit DBD dan cacingan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 629,
"width": 242,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Cacingan; DBD; Penyakit; Peningkatan; PHBS",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 651,
"width": 315,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Accepted: 2023-09-02 Published: 2023-10-03",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 698,
"width": 80,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 716,
"width": 443,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pondok Pesantren (Ponpes) merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan berbasis islam yang mengkaji ilmu-ilmu agama islam yang di fasilitasi dengan asrama untuk membentuk kemandirian pada santri, berperan dalam pendidikan moral dan akhlak yang mulia (Fitri & Ondeng, 2022). Pendidikan termasuk kedalam salah satu aspek penting untuk membentuk generasi yang sehat dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aýun et al.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 57,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2780",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 443,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berkualitas. Pondok Pesantren Modern Al Hassan merupakan salah satu pondok pesantren yang berlokasi di Jatimakmur Bekasi dengan status wakaf di bawah naungan Yayasan Al Hassan, didirikan pada tanggal 27 Februari 2004 dengan sistem modern dalam menyiapkan bibit ulama dan pemimpin. Jenjang pendidikan pesantren Modern Al Hassan dimulai dari SMP Islam terpadu hingga Madrasah Aliyah (MA) untuk putera dan puteri. Ponpes Al Hassan memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk karakter, kemandirian santri, dan juga harus memastikan bahwa lingkungan di dalamnya mendukung kesehatan dan kesejahteraan santri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 186,
"width": 443,
"height": 207,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Puspitasari et al., (2022) ponpes tempat berkumpulnya banyak orang menjadi salah satu tempet yang rentan terjadinya penularan penyakit. Pesantren mempunyai risiko terserang berbagai penyakit seperti tuberkulosis, kudis, infeksi pernafasan, diare dan penyakit lainnya akibat perilaku tidak sehat. Menurut WHO, (2013), setiap tahun terdapat rata-rata 100 ribu anak meninggal dunia karena diare. Hasil penelitian Aulia et al., (2022) menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara kebersihan kulit, kebersihan tangan dan kuku, kebersihan handuk dengan kejadian penyakit Scabies di ponpes. Ponpes memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk pemahaman tentang pola hidup bersih dan sehat, dengan mengajarkan praktik higienis serta pengetahuan tentang pentingnya sanitasi dan pola makan yang seimbang. Salah satu pendekatan yang efektif dalam mencapai tujuan ini adalah dengan menerapkan Promosi Hidup Bersih dan Sehat. Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) merupakan suatu perilaku yang dilakukan secara sadar sebagai hasil dari pembelajaran, yang memungkinkan seseorang, keluarga, kelompok atau masyarakat mampu menolong dirinya sendiri dalam mewujudkan kesehatan masyarakat (Kemenkes, 2011). Menurut Hamzah & Hardiansyah, (2021) perilaku kesehatan dapat mencakup tiga bidang yaitu; pengetahuan kesehatan, sikap kesehatan, dan praktik kesehatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 395,
"width": 443,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan informasi dan data yang diuraikan oleh mitra dilapangan, permasalahan yang dihadapi diantaranya: (1) masalah kesehatan terutama gangguan infeksi dan diare, biasanya berkaitan dengan kebersihan perorangan dan lingkungan seperti mengonsumsi makanan yang tidak sehat, tidak mencuci tangan dengan benar, dan jarang membersihkan lingkungan disekitar ponpes (2) belum memiliki kebiasaan melakukan perilaku personal hygiene yang baik, karena minimnya pengetahuan untuk menerapkan PHBS, dan (3) kebiasaan dalam penggunaan barang- barang pribadi secara bersamaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 492,
"width": 443,
"height": 248,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data menunjukkan bahwa gangguan kesehatan seperti cacingan, diare, sakit gigi, penyakit kulit, gizi buruk, dan lain-lain muncul karena kurangnya PHBS yang pada akhirnya berdampak pada buruknya kesehatan dan buruknya kualitas hidup (Koem et al., 2015). Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No 1 tahun 2013 kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam pengelolaan pos kesehatan pesantren, lebih diutamakan dalam hal pelayanan promotif (peningkatan kesehatan) dan preventif (pencegahan) (Kemenkes, 2013). Berpijak pada konsep di atas, dan sebagaimana permasalahan, kebutuhan mitra serta kondisi dan karakter mitra. Untuk meminimalisir penularan penyakit serta menjamin kesehatan santriwati di ponpes Al Hassan maka solusi yang harus dilakukan yaitu perlunya peningkatan pengetahuan serta pemberdayaan pola hidup sehat, agar santri dapat hidup sehat dan terhindar dari penyakit sehingga dapat menyerap ilmu dengan baik. Pengetahuan mengenai PHBS sangat diperlukan oleh santriwati ponpes Al Hassan agar lebih peduli terhadap kesehatan, serta diharapkan dengan mengimplementasi kegiatan PHBS dapat mencegah terjadinya penularan berbagai macam penyakit. Pengabdian masyarakat mengenai PHBS belum pernah diadakan di ponpes modern Al Hassan. Oleh karena, tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan penyuluhan PHBS mengenai penyakit menular dan menilai tingkat pengetahuan santriwati sebelum dan sesudah pemberian materi. Sehingga hasil pengabdian ini dapat menjadi rekomendasi untuk langkah-langkah yang akan diambil oleh pihak pondok pesantren, pengelola, dan stakeholder terkait untuk meningkatkan PHBS secara berkelanjutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 206,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bernas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 59,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2781",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 43,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 107,
"width": 443,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan di Pondok Pesantren Puteri Al Hassan, Jatimakmur, Bekasi. Sasaran pelaksanaan pengabdian adalah santriwati yang tinggal di asrama ( Boarding). Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah metode ceramah dengan menampilkan media audio visual, diskusi, tanya jawab dan praktik mencuci tangan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan dibagi menjadi tiga tahapan, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 177,
"width": 421,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Perencanaan meliputi melakukan koordinasi dengan mitra untuk mengurus surat perizinan, menyesuaikan waktu pengabdian dengan jadwal kegiatan santriwati, melakukan preplanning, mengecek perlengkapan dan persiapan penyajian bahan materi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 219,
"width": 422,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Pelaksanaan meliputi penyampaian materi tentang PHBS mengenai penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dan cacingan. Setelah dilakukan penyampaian materi dilanjutkan dengan diskusi dan tanya jawab diakhir dengan kegiatan demonstrasi 6 langkah mencuci tangan yang baik dan benar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 273,
"width": 422,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Evaluasi meliputi penilaian pengetahuan peserta sebelum penyuluhan ( pretest) dan tingkat pengetahuan sesudah penyuluhan ( post test) (Suwandi et al., 2022). Evaluasi yang dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode penyebaran kuesioner (angket) yang berisi masing-masing 10 pertanyaan dalam bentuk pilihan ganda tentang pengetahuan santriwati mengenai PHBS terkait penyakit DBD dan cacingan. Kegiatan Pretest dibatasi waktu 15 menit yang bertujuan untuk menentukan pengetahuan awal santriwati sebelum materi diberikan. Apabila peserta mampu menjawab semua pertanyaan dengan benar, maka skor maksimal adalah 100. Hasil pretest dan post test akan dibandingkan dalam bentuk persentase pengetahuan santriwati sebelum dan sesudah penyampaian materi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 411,
"width": 133,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 429,
"width": 443,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat mengenai PHBS disambut baik oleh santriwati ponpes Al Hassan karena dapat menambah pengetahuan mereka tentang pola hidup sehat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tim pengusul pengabdian masyarakat melakukan penyuluhan berupa edukasi PHBS pada 30 santriwati yang sudah dipilih oleh pengasuh ponpes serta diikuti pula oleh beberapa orang ustadzah. Secara keseluruhan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berjalan dengan baik dan lancar, Kegiatan ini dapat memberikan manfaat yang besar bagi para santriwati dalam menerapkan PHBS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 512,
"width": 443,
"height": 207,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelaksanaan kegiatan diawali dengan memberikan pretest kepada para santriwati untuk mengukur pengetahuan tentang PHBS terkait pencegahan penyakit DBD dan cacingan. Pengisian kuesioner pretest kurang lebih dilakukan selama 15 menit (Gambar 1A). Selanjutnya, untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan santriwati dilakukan pemaparan materi oleh fasilitator. Pemberian materi diawali dengan memberi penjelasan tentang manfaat dan cara menerapkan PHBS yang harus dipraktikkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, dilanjutkan dengan materi terkait penyakit yang timbul akibat perilaku tidak sehat. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan memberikan edukasi kepada para santri mengenai penyakit menular DBD dan cacingan, definisi, prevalensi, penyebab, cara penularan, dan gejalanya yang disampaikan melalui presentasi dan diskusi aktif. Hasil dari pemaparan materi, santriwati dapat memahami dan sudah meningkat pengetahuannya tentang PHBS serta mengetahui bagaimana gambaran penyakit DBD dan cacingan mulai dari penyebab, cara pencegahan dan pengobatan penyakit tersebut (Gambar 1B). Saat sesi tanya jawab berlangsung, antusiasme santriwati dalam mengikuti kegiatan sosialisasi penerapan PHBS dibuktikan dengan banyaknya pertanyaan dan diskusi serta keberanian santriwati dalam menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh fasilitator (Gambar 1C).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aýun et al.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 57,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2782",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 280,
"width": 443,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan pelaksanaan diakhiri dengan santriwati mencontoh penerapan PHBS melalui mencuci tangan yang benar. Fasilitator memberikan pengetahuan mengenai definisi cuci tangan yang baik menurut WHO, (2013) yaitu suatu prosedur/tindakan membersihkan tangan dengan menggunakan sabun dan air yang mengalir atau Hand rub. Fasilitator memandu cara mencuci tangan dan santriwati mengikuti. Seluruh santriwati sudah mengetahui dan mampu melakukan enam langkah mencuci tangan yang benar, yaitu (1) menuangkan cairan sabun secukupnya pada telapak tangan, kemudian melakukan gerakan pada kedua telapak tangan secara lembut dengan arah memutar, (2) mengusap dan menggosok kedua punggung telapak tangan saling menumpuk secara bergantian, (3) menggosok sela-sela jari tangan seperti gerakan menyilang hingga bersih, (4) membersihkan ujung jari secara bergantian dengan posisi saling mengunci, (5) menggosok dan memutar kedua ibu jari secara bergantian, dan (6) meletakkan ujung jari ketelapak tangan kemudian digosok secara perlahan. Diharapkan dengan kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan serta berdampak pada sikap dan perubahan perilaku santriwati, khususnya dalam hal teknik mencuci tangan yang efektif menggunakan sabun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 682,
"width": 443,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mencuci tangan adalah proses menghilangkan kotoran dari kulit kedua tangan dengan sabun dan air. Tujuannya adalah menghilangkan kotoran dari permukaan kulit secara mekanis dan mengurangi jumlah mikroorganisme sementara. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dalending et al., (2020) di dapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku mencuci tangan menggunakan sabun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 200,
"width": 340,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A B C",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 220,
"width": 421,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Tempat pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan di dalam aula masjid, (A) santriwati mengisi kuesioner pretest, (B) pemberian materi PHBS oleh fasilitator, (C) santriwati melakukan sesi tanya jawab",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 229,
"top": 616,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 617,
"width": 9,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 636,
"width": 416,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 2. Demonstrasi 6 langka mencuci tangan yang benar, (A) Fasilitator memandu cara mencuci tangan, (B) santriwati mengikuti gerakan yang diarahkan oleh fasilitator",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 206,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bernas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 59,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2783",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 443,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluasi kegiatan dilakukan dengan memberikan post test kepada para santriwati. Evaluasi kegiatan bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan pengetahuan santriwati mengenai PHBS dalam pencegahan penyakit menular antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan materi. Pengisian post test dilakukan lebih cepat oleh santriwati dibandingkan dengan pengisian pretest. Hal ini, kemungkinan disebabkan para santriwati telah bertambah pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang PHBS khususnya materi mengenai penularan penyakit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 173,
"width": 443,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Hasil dari evaluasi yang dilakukan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang PHBS. Berdasarkan diagram hasil pretest dan post test (Gambar 3), diketahui adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dari santriwati tentang PHBS dari sebelum dan sesudah menerima materi. Hasil pretest menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pengetahuan santriwati sebesar 73% Kemudian setelah adanya pemberian materi tersebut, dalam pelaksanaan post test mengalami peningkatan menjadi sebesar 93%. Berdasarkan hasil post test yang diberikan, peningkatan pengetahuan santriwati tentang PHBS terkait penyakit menular terindikasi berhasil. Hasil pelaksanaan pretest dan post test yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 476,
"width": 384,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 3. Grafik perbedaan pengetahuan hasil pretest dan post test santriwati terkait penyakit DBD dan cacingan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 518,
"width": 443,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan tersebut, diharapkan santriwati ponpes Al Hassan mampu dan bersedia untuk melaksanakan PHBS pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Di masa yang akan datang kedepannya ponpes putri Al Hassan mampu membentuk dan melatih kader kesehatan santri sebagai salah satu upaya meningkatkan gaya hidup sehat secara mandiri. Menurut Aisyah et al., (2022) PHBS sangat diperlukan di Pondok Pesantren untuk membantu kebersihan dan mencegah terjadinya penularan berbagai macam penyakit. Pembinaan PHBS dimaksudkan agar para santri dapat mandiri dalam mencegah dan menanggulangi masalah-masalah kesehatan yang dihadapinya melalui upaya untuk meningkatkan dan melestarikan perilaku hidup yang berorientasi kepada kebersihan dan kesehatan di lingkungan pondok pesantren (Elmaghfuroh & Hidayat, 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 663,
"width": 67,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 681,
"width": 443,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengetahuan santriwati terhadap PHBS mengalami peningkatan sebesar 20%, yang sebelumnya hanya 73% bertambah menjadi 93%. Santriwati ponpes Al Hassan merasakan manfaat kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dan akan berupaya untuk mempraktikkan PHBS tidak hanya di pondok pesantren saja, namun dipraktikkan juga ketika kembali kerumah masing-masing. Namun, tetap harus dilakukan evaluasi secara intensif terkait implementasi berdasarkan pemahaman santriwati mengenai PHBS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 476,
"top": 57,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aýun et al.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 57,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2784",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 109,
"width": 121,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 127,
"width": 443,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penulis mengucapkan terimaksih kepada Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas Islam As-Syafiíyah (UIA) yang telah memberikan dana hibah internal tahun 2023, dan Ponpes Puteri Al Hassan Bekasi khususnya ustadzah Ari yang telah memberikan kesempatan dan menerima penulis untuk melaksanakan pengabdian masyarakat. Ucapan terimakasih penulis sampaikan juga kepada mahasiswa Biologi atas nama Assyifa Kurnia Sari dan Risah yang telah membantu terselenggaranya kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 224,
"width": 93,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 242,
"width": 443,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aisyah, S., Sulastien, H., Muhsinin, S. Z., Irianto, I. D., Zulfa, E., Kusumawardani, D., Pujiningsih, E., Zaini, Z., & Musniati, M. (2022). Penerapan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) Di Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Idea Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(03), 141–146.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 296,
"width": 442,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aulia, N., Wijayantono, & Awaluddin. (2022). Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Penyakit Scabies di Pondok Pesantren Thawalib Kota Padang. Jurnal Sanitasi Lingkungan, 2(2), 72–78. https://doi.org/10.36086/jsl.v2i2.1308",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 338,
"width": 443,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalending, I. C., Engkeng, S., & Rahman, A. (2020). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Sikap Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun Pada Peserta Didik Di Sd Inpres Likupang Satu Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Kesmas, 9(6), 96–100.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 380,
"width": 442,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Elmaghfuroh, D. R., & Hidayat, C. T. (2023). Penguatan Peran Santri dalam Upaya Peningkatan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat ( PHBS ) di Pondok Pesantren Baitul Arqom Jember. Jiwakerta, 4(1), 99–105.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 422,
"width": 440,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fitri, R., & Ondeng, S. (2022). Pesantren Di Indonesia: Lembaga Pembentukan Karakter. Jurnal Al- Urwatul Wutsqa, 2(1), 42–54. https://journal.unismuh.ac.id/index.php/alurwatul",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 453,
"width": 443,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hamzah, B., & Hardiansyah, M. I. (2021). Peningkatan Kesadaran Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat pada Anak Jalanan Di Desa Muntoi Timur. BERNAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 476,
"width": 442,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2(1), 158–163. https://doi.org/10.31949/jb.v2i1.667 Kemenkes. (2011). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 506,
"width": 418,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No:2269/MENKES/PER/XI/2011 Tentang Pedoman Pembinaan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) (pp. 1–73). Kementerian Kesehatan RI.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 537,
"width": 443,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kemenkes. (2013). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Dan Pembinaan Pos Kesehatan Pesantren (p. 106). Menteri Kesehatan RI.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 579,
"width": 443,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Koem, Z. A. R., Joseph, B., & Sondakh, R. C. (2015). Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan dan Sikap Dengan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (PHBS) Pada Kecamatan Airmadidi Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Pharmacon Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 4(4), 290–294.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 622,
"width": 443,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Puspitasari, R. N., Sofaria, R., Choirotussanijah, & Syarifah, M. C. (2022). Sosialisasi Herbal Kunyit Sebagai Antimikroba Pada Santriwati di Pondok Pesantren Hidayatulloh Al Muhajirin Bangkalan. Jurnal Paradigma, 4(2), 26–29.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 664,
"width": 442,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suwandi, J. F., Apriliana, E., Kurniawan, B., Mutiara, H., Sakit, R., Daerah, U., Moeloek, H. A., & Lampung, P. (2022). Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Sekitar Sekolah dalam Rangka Implementasi PHBS Untuk Mencegah Timbulnya Penyakit. JPM Ruwa Jurai, 7(1), 45–51.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 705,
"width": 443,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "WHO. (2013). Global action Plan For The Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (pp. 1–232). World Health Organization. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429033735",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
684ee83c-d2dc-93ab-b7f1-1190cfce6fb0 | https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpa/article/download/9374/4902 | [
{
"left": 291,
"top": 808,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "129",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 210,
"top": 22,
"width": 187,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal of Physics and Its Applications , 3(1) 2020, Pages: 129-135",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 104,
"width": 484,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meridional variations of sea surface temperature and wind over southern sea of Java and its surroundings",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 147,
"width": 197,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "I. Sofiati * , E. Yulihastin, Suaydhi, M. F. Putranto",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 170,
"width": 253,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space, Bandung, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 189,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "*) Corresponding author: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 225,
"width": 76,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A R T I C L E I N F O",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 240,
"width": 140,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article history: Received: 12 November 2020 Accepted: 29 November 2020 Available online: 30 November 2020 Keywords:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 225,
"width": 236,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sea surface temperature Wind Meridional variation A B S T R A C T",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 240,
"width": 299,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sea surface temperature (SST) plays an important role in controlling the ocean’s heat content and regulating climate. The seasonal characteristics of SST and wind speed and their correlation in the southern Java are investigated using satellite observations. The method in this study is averaging hourly into monthly data for SST and wind speed during 20 years observation for period of 2000-2019, and representing it in the form of descriptive analyses of both monthly and seasonally. The study area for drawing the correlation between SST and wind speed was limited on the (0- 5°S), (5-10°S), and (10-15°S). The results show that SST reached its peak in August, while wind speed reached its minimum in August. The difference in SST (wind speed) for climatological condition exhibit lower (higher) in May- October (MJJASO), and the magnitude is more fluctuating in latitude average rather than in November-April (NDJFMA). The significant results of the study describe meridional variation in SST and wind between the northern (Karimata Strait), central (Java Sea), and southern (Indian Ocean) regions. In this case, the Indian Ocean region near south of Java has the highest correlation between SST and wind for both of dry and rainy season compared to other areas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 482,
"width": 69,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Introduction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 494,
"width": 229,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The vast Indonesian sea require monitoring and study of marine parameters to explain various phenomena that occur in the sea. One of the marine parameters that determines water quality is Sea Surface Temperature (SST). SST plays an important role in controlling the ocean's heat content and regulating climate. In the study of the temporal and spatial distribution of SST, oceanographic processes such as wind direction and speed can affect water conditions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 612,
"width": 229,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The correlation between SST and wind speed has been studied for decades and some researchers state sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed are positively correlated on oceanic mesoscales in both the tropics and extra tropics [1, 2, 3]. Such a positive SST – wind relationship is mainly due to the SST's modification of stability and vertical mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer [4]. Another study [2] showed that SST and wind speed are also positively correlated in a small-scale region, and that surface winds are locally higher over warm sea and lower over cool sea. Cold water stabilizes the atmosphere boundary layer and thus decouples the winds at the sea surface from those at a greater height, whereas heating over warm water deepens and destabilizes the atmospheric boundary layer, decreasing the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 483,
"width": 228,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "wind vertical shear [5-8]. Changes in wind speed and cloud fraction also affect the SST by inducing variations in heat flux at the sea surface [9]. The atmospheric variations induced by SST play an important role in modulating the propagation, life cycle, intensity, and other transient features of eddies [3, 10-12].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 565,
"width": 229,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "On the other hand, some researchers state that sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed are not always positively related as suggested by [6, 13- 15]. Generally, research has shown that SST and wind speed have a negative correlation [16-18]. It is due to the fact that the increasing wind speed would decrease the surface temperature by breaking down the surface water stratification, hence bringing the colder subsurface water to the surface. Seasonal variability of SST and wind speed was different for different regions, SST and wind speed mainly had negative correlations [19]. Another study found that sea surface emissivity (SSE) changes with wind speed, while SSE affects SST retrieval [20]. Hence, wind speed affects SST retrieval. Moreover, they found that only a high wind speed of greater than 15 m/s had a significant effect on SST retrieval. Increasing surface wind speed would result in more evaporation and more SST cooling, which result in further increase of the surface wind speed, and vice",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 48,
"width": 245,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal of Physics and Its Applications",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 74,
"width": 303,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage : https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpa/index",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 819,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "130",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 23,
"width": 229,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "versa [7]. This wind speed-evaporation-SST feedback is interesting and can be explained in many situations.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 58,
"width": 229,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Thus, based on several studies above, there are differences of opinion about the correlation of sea surface temperature with wind speed because it depends on each research area. The relationship between SST and wind speed is not as simple as that one is dependent on the other. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze and better understand the seasonal variability and correlation of SST and wind speed in Indonesia, especially in the southern Java.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 188,
"width": 110,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Experimental method",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 200,
"width": 229,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The data used in this study is hourly time intervals of sea surface temperature (SST), speed and wind direction data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with a resolution (0.25 x 0.25°). The type of ECMWF data used is ERA-Interim which is the result of reanalysis and is available from 1979 to the present, and the boundaries of the study area are southern of Java and its surroundings area with coordinates (0-15°S), (105-125°E),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 306,
"width": 130,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "and the data source",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 306,
"width": 229,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "is https://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full- daily/levtype=sfc/. The method use in this study is averaging hourly into monthly data for SST and wind speed during 20 years observation for period (2000- 2019), and representing it in the form of descriptive monthly and seasonally. The detailed correlation in this research was focused on the (0-5°S), (5-10°S), (10-15°S).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 423,
"width": 114,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Results and discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 436,
"width": 229,
"height": 189,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In this study the SST characteristics were analyzed both on monthly basis and 6-month average. Fig. 1 shows the 6-month average SST over 20 years period (2000-2019) in the southern sea of Java and surrounding areas. The northern region of this study area (0-5°S) is partly of subregion I (115–135°E, 3.75°S–6.25°N) which has documented as a key region for summer precipitation characteristic in the Indonesia Maritime Continent [21]. On the other hand, both of central (5-10°S) and southern part (10- 15°S) are identified as a winter precipitation [22]. Interestingly, Fig. 1 pointed out that both central and southern part of the region have different pattern of high (low) SST during dry season May-October (MJJASO), while warm SST tend to homogenous during rainy season November-March (NDJFM).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 741,
"width": 225,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fig. 1: Six-month average SST in May to October (MJJASO) - left and November to April (NDJDMA) - right during a 20- years period (2000-2019) in the southern sea of Java and its surroundings.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 23,
"width": 228,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Additionally, Fig. 1 remark in detail that from November to April (NDJFMA), dominant average SST is higher with the range (28-30)°C in the eastern region compared to the western region of Indonesia with the range (27-28)°C. On the other hand, from May to October (MJJASO), the dominant average SST was lower with the range (25-27)°C in the southern region compared to the northern region of Java with the range (28-31)°C. Thus, it is clear that the difference in the 6-month average SST climatological conditions between MJJASO and NDJFMA, where SST conditions seasonally in the southern sea of Java during period of NDJFMA is relatively higher than in MJJASO.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 756,
"width": 203,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fig. 2: Monthly average SST over the 20 years period (2000-2019) in the southern sea of Java and its surroundings.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 819,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "131",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 23,
"width": 231,
"height": 446,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "To understand month-to-month variation of SST during both of dry and rainy season, a spatial analysis as described in Fig. 2. It can be seen that in January and February SST was warmer in the eastern Indian Ocean which was (29-30)°C compared to the western part of (28-29)°C. Furthermore, in March and April SST in the southern sea of Java was relatively homogeneous with a range (29-30)°C, while in May and June, SST began to look cooler at (27-28)°C. Meanwhile still in the southern sea of Java, the temperature decreases in July, August, September, October with a range of (25-27)°C, then there is an increase in SST to a range of (27-30)°C which reaches a maximum in the adjacent sea south of the island of Timor and at least in the sea of the Indian Ocean south of west Java. Thus, SST generally elevated from November to April and then decreased from June to October. Fig.2 also notice that in June- October, difference of SST between central and southern part of the region are large and it seems that kind of the dipole SST has role to intensify precipitation in the north-eastern part of Indonesia Maritime Continent (Sulawesi, Halmahera, Ambon, etc.) which has mentioned as in research [23]. However, reducing precipitation in southern part of the region during dry season (JJASO) also close related to Australian winter monsoon activity [24]. The changing conditions of SST in southern Indonesia are closely related to the Australian monsoon as previously studied [8, 13, 15]. This study supports previous research, where the results show that the SST in NDJFMA are seasonally higher in the southern sea of Java than in MJJASO. Conditions in NDJFMA are closely related to the occurrence of summer in Australia, which peaks in December- January-February [15]. On the other hand, when MJJASO is closely related to the occurrence of winter in Australia, the peak occurs in June-July-August [15].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 602,
"width": 220,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fig. 3: SST in latitude (0-5°S), (5-10°S), and (10-15°S) for each variation in longitude for MJJASO (left) and NDJFMA (right). Horizontal-axis for longitude and the vertical-axis for SST.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 656,
"width": 229,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Further analysis was carried out by analyzing SST on the mean month of MJJASO at each change in longitude, with the technique of averaging SST at latitude (0-5°S), (5-10°S), and (10-15°S) as shown in Fig. 3 (left). From the results, it can be seen that there are differences in SST value fluctuations, where at latitude (0-5°S) SST tends to decrease from 29.5°C at the 105°E position to around 28.2°C at 125°E, but at latitudes (10-15°S) SST tends to increase from around 27°C in position 105°E to about 28°C at 125°E, while at latitude (5-10°S) SST only fluctuates at about 28°C from position 105°E to 125°E. With the same technique, the analysis is carried out for the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 23,
"width": 228,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mean month of NDJFMA as shown in Fig. 3 (right). There is a significant difference from the previous one, where the SST tends to increase for each latitude mean, but does not fluctuate too much. At latitudes (0-5°S) SST tends to increase from 29°C at 105°E to around 29.5°C at 125°E, while at latitudes (5-10°S) SST tends to increase from 29°C at 105°E to around 29.5°C at 125°E, then at latitudes (10-15°S) SST is still the same, it is seen that it tends to increase from around 28.5°C at 105°E to around 30°C at 125°E.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 288,
"width": 209,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fig. 4: Direction and speed of the 6-monthly average surface winds from May to October (MJJASO) - left and November to April (NDJFMA) - right for a period of 20 years (2000-2019) in the southern sea of Java and its surroundings.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 352,
"width": 228,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "To develop a better analysis, an analysis of wind direction and speed is carried out at the same observation location. Fig. 4 shows the spatial distribution of the 6-month average wind speed and direction in the months of MJJASO (left) and NDJFMA (right). From the results, it can be seen that the average wind speed in the month of MJJASO is relatively higher than that which occurred in the month of NDJFMA.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 819,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "132",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 214,
"width": 224,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fig. 5: Wind direction and speed monthly averaged for a period of 20 years (2000-2019) in the southern sea of Java and its surroundings.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 257,
"width": 228,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In the month of MJJASO, the maximum average wind speed occurs in the Indian Ocean which reaches 7.5 m/s, with the dominant wind direction from the southeast. Meanwhile, in NDJFMA the average wind speed in the southern sea of Java decreases compared to what happened in the month of NDJFMA with an average speed of only 3 m/s, and the maximum speed is around 4.5 m/s, while the dominant wind direction is from the south.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 362,
"width": 229,
"height": 248,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The conditions of monthly average wind speed & direction for 20 years are also analyzed in this paper, as seen in Fig. 5. From the results it can be seen that in January and February in both the northern and southern waters of Java, the dominant wind direction is from the east with from 4 to 6 m/s. Meanwhile, in March at the same location, the wind speed decreases with a speed of below 3 m/s, and the dominant direction is from the south. In April, the wind speed in the southern waters of Java began to rise again, ranging from 3 to 6 m/s, and the direction was dominant from the West. Then the speed increases from May to October with a maximum speed of up to 10 m/s which occurs in the south of West Java in August. While the wind direction from May to August is dominant from the west, while from September to November it is dominant from the southeast. In December the wind again decreases its speed which only reaches a maximum of about 5 m/s around the Indian Ocean, and its direction is dominant from the south.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 722,
"width": 211,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fig. 6: Wind direction and speed at latitude (0-5°S), (5- 10°S), and (10-15°S) for each variation in longitude in MJJASO (left) and NDJFMA (right). Horizontal-axis for longitude and the vertical-axis for wind speed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 779,
"width": 229,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Using the same analysis technique as SST, this paper analyses the wind direction and speed at a 6- month average in the month of MJJASO at each",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 23,
"width": 228,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "change in longitude, with the technique of averaging wind direction & speed at latitude mean (0- 5°S), (5- 10°S), and (10-15°S) as shown in Fig. 6 (left) and month of NDJFMA (right). From the results, it can be seen that in the month of MJJASO, there is a difference in wind speed fluctuation, where at latitude (0-5°S) the wind speed is very fluctuating, from decreasing speed from 2 m/s at 105°E to around 4 m/s at 125°E, but at latitude 120°E wind speed is only around one m/s. Then at latitude (10- 15°S) the wind speed tends to decrease from about 7.5 m/s at 105°E to about 3.5 m/s at 125°E, while at latitude (5-10°S) wind speed fluctuates from about 5.5 m/s from position 105°E to 4 m/s at 125°E, but at latitude 120°E wind speed is only around one m/s. Then at latitude (10-15°S) the wind speed tends to decrease from about 7.5 m/s at 105°E to about 3.5 m/s at 125°E, while at latitude (5-10°S) wind speed fluctuates from about 5.5 m/s from position 105°E to 4 m/s at 125°E.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 257,
"width": 228,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "With the same technique, the analysis is also carried out for the average month of NDJFMA as shown in Fig. 6 (right). Wind speeds tend to fall for each latitude average, but do not fluctuate too much. At latitude (0-5°S) wind speed tends to fall from 3 m/s at 107.5°E to about one m/s at (120-122°E), while at latitude (5-10°S) wind speed is still seen to be down from 3 m/s at 105°E to around 2.5 m/s at 125°E, then at latitudes (10-15°S) the wind speed is still the same, it seems that it tends to drop from about 4 m/s at 105°E to around 3 m/s 125°E.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 519,
"width": 224,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fig. 7: Correlation of SST with wind speeds monthly average in January (left) and July (right) during a period of 20 years (2000-2019) in the southern sea of Java and its surroundings (0-15°S); (105-125°E).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 573,
"width": 229,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the results of the previous analysis, the SST correlation with wind speed is analyzed on a monthly and 6-monthly basis. Fig. 7 shows the correlation of SST with monthly mean wind speed for 20 years of observational data. It can be seen that the SST correlation with the monthly average wind speed in January (left) shows a negative correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.35, while in July (right) the correlation coefficient is 0.71.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 690,
"width": 228,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The largest correlation was in October, with a correlation coefficient of 0.88, while the smallest correlation was in January with a correlation coefficient of 0.35. Seen on an average for each month, the correlation between SST and wind speed is quite good, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.67. Complete result of correlation between SST and wind speed for monthly averages during the observation period is shown in Table 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 819,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "133",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 22,
"width": 229,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1. Correlation between SST and monthly average wind speeds from December to November over a 20 years period (2000-2019) in the southern sea of Java and its surroundings (0-15°S); (105-125°E).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 314,
"width": 210,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fig. 8: Correlation of SST with 6-month wind speed for MJJASO (left) and NDJFMA (right) for a 20-years mean (2000-2019) at (0-5°S) for each variation in longitude.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 360,
"width": 229,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Furthermore, the one of SST correlation with wind speed for 6-month on (0-5°S) is analyzed as shown in Fig. 8. At (0-5°S) for the month of MJJASO, SST with wind speed has a negative correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.46, while for the month of NDJMA the correlation coefficient was 0.78. Whereas at (5-10°S) for MJJASO the correlation coefficient is 0.44, while for the month of NDJMA it is 0.69. Complete results of SST correlation with 6- month wind speeds at (0-5°S), (5-10°S), and (10- 15°S) for each variation in longitude can be seen in Table 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 515,
"width": 229,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2. Correlation between SST and 6-month wind speed of the average of MJJASO, NDJFMA over a period of 20 years (2000-2019) in the southern sea of Java for each variation in longitude.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 643,
"width": 229,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the results shows that the correlation between SST and wind speed on a monthly and six- monthly basis are the highest during the dry season on average and lower in the wet season. SST and wind speed exhibited a strong negative correlation at various temporal, where from the average latitude, the highest correlation occurs at latitude (10-15°S) both in MJJASO and NDJFMA. These results can be seen also in Fig. 3 and 6, where SST and wind speed correlate very strongly at longitude (10-15°S), whereas it is relatively weak correlation for both of the interval (0-5°S) and (5-10°S). SST in MJJASO and NDJFMA tends to decrease (Fig. 3), while the wind speed is the opposite as seen in Fig. 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 23,
"width": 229,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1 depicted that northern part has a strong influenced by Asian winter monsoon (NDJFMA) which is characterized by westerly wind. For central region, which is also denoted as transition region, weak correlation between SST and wind speed is clearly documented in this study. Interestingly, SST and wind speed in southern region seems a positive feedback each other in both rainy and dry season. However, this part was explained in previous study has strong relation with Australian winter monsoon which is identified as a strong easterly wind [24].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 152,
"width": 229,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "On the other hand, the lower correlation between wind speed and SST was depicted during January and February (Table 2), while Asian winter monsoon activity strong influenced rainy season in southern part of the region [22]. It also noticed that strengthen of convective activity during January-February in entire region [25] tend to diminished horizontal wind speed [26].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 245,
"width": 232,
"height": 365,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A more detail analysis of SST and wind speed for review of differences in latitude is very important and interesting as described in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, and Fig.6, because differences in SST can depend on several factors. As we knew, SST is affected by incoming solar radiation (insolation), monsoon, and topography. Equally important, SST is also influenced by meteorological parameters such as wind speed, humidity, air temperature, cloud cover, and sea level pressure. Fig. 3 (left) show that at the time of MJJASO the SST distribution at latitude (0-5°S) was clearly dominated by the influence of insolation, topography, Asian summer and Australian winter monsoon which brought the cold air period, so that the previously warm SST was seen to decrease, but inversely for wind speed as shown in Fig. 6 (left). Then at latitude (5-10°S), SST is still heavily influenced by insolation, topography, and Australian winter monsoon. With a high wind speed (5-7) m/s from the southeast, SST looks cooler and constant. At latitudes (10-15°S), the SST is heavily influenced by the Australian summer monsoon, ocean dominance and high wind speeds, so that the SST looks cooler to warmer. Furthermore, in NDJFMA, at positions (0- 5°S), (5-10°S), SST is warmer and relatively constant throughout most of the area, while at latitudes (10- 15°S), SST which was previously cold, continues to warm. It can be seen that the SST was influenced by the Australian summer monsoon which experienced a decrease in southerly wind speeds with a lot of warm air.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 609,
"width": 228,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Further study in improving better understanding of SST vs. wind speed and its direction is necessary. It can also be developed to the wider interval or area from Aceh to Papua. The method to analyze is not only restricted for average monthly or yearly, but also investigate in a single time or area that could be the reasons of climate differences in the last 20 years.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 702,
"width": 66,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Conclusions",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 715,
"width": 228,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the difference in SST climatological conditions and (wind speed) in monthly and 6-month averages, in MJJASO it is lower (higher) and the magnitude is more fluctuating in latitude average, compared to NDJFMA month. The correlation between SST and wind speed on a monthly basis are the highest average during the dry season. Meanwhile, from the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 74,
"width": 163,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No. Month Corr. coef. 1 D; J; F 0.60; 0.35; 0.44 2 M; A; M 0.63; 0.66; 0.81 3 J; J; A 0.80; 0.71; 0.60 4 S; O; N 0.70; 0.88; 0.86",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 569,
"width": 155,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No. Latitude Av MJJASO Av NDJFMA Av 1 (0-5 ° S) 0.20 0.68 2 (5-10 ° S) 0.19 0.26 3 (10-15 ° S) 0.99 0.98",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 819,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "134",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 23,
"width": 229,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "average latitude, the highest correlation occurs at latitude (10-15°S) both in MJJASO and NDJFMA. The significant results obtained are regarding the differences in SST and wind variations with respect to latitude between the northern [Karimata strait, (0- 5°S)], center[Java sea (5-10°S)] and southern [Indian Ocean(10-15°S)] regions. In this case, the Indian Ocean region south of Java has the highest correlation between SST and wind during the dry and rainy season compared to areas in the north and center.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 162,
"width": 80,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Acknowledgment",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 176,
"width": 229,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research was supported by the Indonesian Educational Endowment Fund (LPDP) through the Mandatory Productive Innovative Research program under National Research Priority, Decree Number: 252/Menteri Ristek/Ka BRIN/E1/PRN/2020.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 245,
"width": 51,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "References",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 258,
"width": 228,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1] D. B. Chelton, S. K. Esbensen, M. G. Schlax, N. Thum, M. H. Freilich, F. J. Wentz, C. L. Gentemann, M. J. Mc Phaden, and P. S. Schopf, “Observations of coupling between surface wind stress and sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific,” J. Climate , 14 , 1479–1498, (2001).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 340,
"width": 228,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[2] S.-P. Xie, “Satellite observations of cool ocean–atmosphere interaction,” Bull. Amer. Meteor . Soc ., 85 , 195–208, (2004).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 375,
"width": 228,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[3] R. J. Small and Coauthors, “Air–sea interaction over ocean fronts and eddies,” Dyn. Atmos. Oceans , 45 , 274–319, (2008). [4] S. Sun, Y. Fang, Y. Zu., B. Liu, Tana, and A. A. Samah, “Seasonal Characteristics of Mesoscale Coupling between the Sea Surface Temperature and Wind Speed in the South",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 456,
"width": 181,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "China Sea,” J. Climate , 23 , 625-638, (2020).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 469,
"width": 228,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[5] S. P. Hayes, M. J. Mc Phaden, and J. M. Wallace, “The influence of sea-surface temperature on surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 503,
"width": 196,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Weekly to monthly variability,” J. Climate , 2 , 1500–1506, (1989).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 528,
"width": 228,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[6] J. M. Wallace, T. P. Mitchell, and C. Deser, “The influence of sea-surface temperature on surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Seasonal and interannual variability,” J. Climate , 2 , 1492–1499, (1989).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 586,
"width": 228,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[7] C. Wang, R. H. Weisberg, and H. Yang, “Effects of the wind speed-evaporation-SST feedback on the El Niño-Southern Oscillation,” J of Atmospheric Sciences , 56 , 1391-1403, (1999).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 632,
"width": 226,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[8] M. L. Griffiths, R. N. Drysdale , M. K. Gagan, J.- x. Zhao, L. K. Ayliffe, J. C. Hellstrom , W. S. Hantoro, S. Frisia, Y.-x. Feng, I. Cartwright, E. St. Pierre, M. J. Fischer , and B. W. Suwargadi , “Increasing Australian–Indonesian monsoon rainfall linked to early Holocene sea-level rise,” Nature Geoscience , 2 , 636–639, (2009).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 718,
"width": 228,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[9] I. N. Frenger, N. Gruber, R. Knutti, and M.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 730,
"width": 196,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Münnich, “Imprint of Southern Ocean eddies on winds, clouds and rainfall,” Nat. Geosci ., 6 ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 753,
"width": 228,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "608–612, (2013). [10] W. B. White, and J. L. Annis, “Coupling of extratropical mesoscale eddies in the ocean to westerly winds in the atmospheric boundary layer,” J. Phys. Oceanography ., 33 ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 23,
"width": 85,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1095–1107, (2003).",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 34,
"width": 228,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[11] X. Jin, C. Dong, J. Kurian, J. C. McWilliams, D. B. Chelton, and Z. Li, “SST–wind interaction in coastal upwelling: Oceanic simulation with empirical coupling,” J. Phys. Oceanography .,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 80,
"width": 228,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "39 , 2957–2970, (2009). [12] H. Seo, A. J. Miller, and J. R. Norris, “Eddy– wind interaction in the California Current system: Dynamics and impacts,” J. Physics Oceanograph ., 46 , 439–459, (2016).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 140,
"width": 228,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[13] N. Nicholls, “A system for predicting the onset of the north Australian wet season”. Int. J. Climatol ., 4 , 425–436, (1984). [14] M. A. Alexander, I. Blade, M. Newman, J. R. Lazante, N. C. Lau, J. Scot, “The Atmospheric Bridge: The Influence of ENSO Teleconnections on Air–Sea Interaction over the Global Oceans,” J. Climate , 15 , 2205-2231, (2002).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 245,
"width": 226,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[15] Y. L. Duan, H. W. Liu, W. Yu, L. Liu, G. Yang, and B. Liu, “The Onset of the Indonesian– Australian Summer Monsoon Triggered by the First-Branch Eastward-Propagating Madden–Julian Oscillation,” J. Climate, 32 , 5453-5470, (2019).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 316,
"width": 226,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[16] J. Shukla and B. M. X. Misra, “Relationships between sea surface temperature and wind speed over the central Arabian Sea, and monsoon rainfall over India,” Monthly Weather Review , 105 , 998-1002, (2005).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 374,
"width": 228,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[17] T. Qu, Y. Du, J. Strachan, G. Meyers, and J. Slingo, “Sea surface temperature and its variability in the Indonesian region,” Oceanography , 18 , 50–61, (2005).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 421,
"width": 228,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[18] C. Huang and F. Qiao, “The relationship between sea surface temperature anomaly and wind energy input in the Pacific Ocean,” Natural Science , 19 , (2009).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 468,
"width": 228,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[19] B. Qu, A. J. Gabric, J. N. Zhu, D. R. Lin, F. Qian , M. Zhao, “Correlation between sea surface temperature and wind speed in Greenland Sea and their relationships with NAO variability,” Water Sci. Eng. , 5 , 304-315,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 527,
"width": 32,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2012).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 538,
"width": 230,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[20] H. G. Ng, M. Z. Mat Jafri, K. Abdulah, and C. J. Wong, “The effect of wind speed on SST retrival,” Proceedings of Aerospace Conference ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 574,
"width": 32,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2009).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 585,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[21]",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 585,
"width": 196,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Q. Xu, Z. Guan, D. Jin, D. Hu, “Regional Characteristics of Interannual Variability of Summer Rainfall in the Maritime Continent and Their Related Anomalous Circulation Patterns,” J. Climate , 32 , 4179-4192, (2019).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 644,
"width": 228,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[22] C.-P. Chang, Z. Wang, J. Mc Bride, C. H. Liu,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 656,
"width": 196,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Annual Cycle of Southeast Asia-Maritime Continent Rainfall and the Asymmetric Monsoon Transition,” J. Climate , 18 , 287-301,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 691,
"width": 32,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2005).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 703,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[23]",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 703,
"width": 196,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E. Aldrian and R. D. Susanto, “Identification of Three Dominant Rainfall Regions within Indonesia and Their Relationship to Sea Surface Temperature,” Int. J. Climatol . 23 ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 749,
"width": 228,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1435–1452, (2003). [24] Y. Kajikawa, B. Wang, J. Yang, “A• multi-time scale Australian monsoon index,” Int. J. Climatol ., 29 , 1114–1120, (2009).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 796,
"width": 228,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[25] C. S. Ramage, “Monsoon Meteorology,”",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 819,
"width": 13,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "135",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 22,
"width": 122,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Academic Press , 296 , (1971).",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 34,
"width": 228,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[26] J. Matsumoto, “The Seasonal Changes in Asian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 22,
"width": 196,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "and Australian Monsoon Regions,” J. Meteorology. Soc. Japan . 70 , 257-273, (1992).",
"type": "Page header"
}
] |
348c9598-f701-7557-bfd2-8db85e198b18 | http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jpji/article/download/3016/2509 | [
{
"left": 244,
"top": 45,
"width": 107,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jati Satyaning Rahayu",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "134",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 788,
"width": 195,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JPJI, Volume 9, Nomor 2, November 2013",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 53,
"width": 143,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia Volume 9, Nomor 2, November 2013",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 474,
"top": 34,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterbitkan Oleh:",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 423,
"top": 43,
"width": 116,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurusan Pendidikan Olahraga Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 99,
"width": 416,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KONTRIBUSI PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 169,
"width": 43,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Paiman",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 183,
"width": 387,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 5 Wates, Jl. Wates - Purworejo Triharjo, Wates email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 246,
"width": 37,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 264,
"width": 456,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lately the character the young generation of Indonesian is at the level of worrying There are many bad behaviour done by young people such as juvenile deliquency, drugs, and some uncivililized actions such as corruption, nepotism, tribe conflics. Those are indicated that the moral decadencies happened in all aspects of life. In a wider context, if we cannot improve the condition, this bad behaviours will lead the disintegration of Indonesia as a united nation and united country. This proves the character building of Indonesian shoud have the first priority in developing the country especially in the national education system in Indonesia. The good characters of students will influence students performannce in learning and its result. The base character of the students are good in spiritual, patriotism, discipline, responsibility, wide point of view, optimism, deep spiritual view, and deep nationalism. Those characters must be internalized into every individiual through education in schools and colleges. Physical education as one of subject at school has strategic role in internalizing the good characters. This can be done through the activity of giving advices, simulation and discussion, example in real practice trough games and teaching learning activities. The most effective technique is example. The Indonesian’s proverb says that one example is more effective than thousands of advices. Trough games and sport activities, teacher can internalize the good characters into student’s personalities as well as fun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 435,
"width": 243,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Character Building, Students, Physical Education.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 464,
"width": 34,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 482,
"width": 456,
"height": 180,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akhir-akhir ini karakter generasi muda Indonesia ada pada tingkat yang mengkhawatirkan karena ada banyak perilaku buruk yang dilakukan oleh generasi muda seperti kenakalan remaja, narkoba, dan beberapa tindakan seperti korupsi, nepotisme, konflik antar suku. Mereka menunjukkan bahwa penurunan moral terjadi dalam semua aspek kehidupan. Dalam konteks yang lebih luas, jika kita tidak dapat memperbaiki kondisi, perilaku buruk ini akan menyebabkan disintegrasi Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara kesatuan dan satu bangsa. Ini membuktikan pembangunan karakter di Indonesia memiliki prioritas pertama terutama dalam sistem pendidikan nasional di Indonesia. Karakter baik siswa akan mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Karakter dasar siswa haruslah baik dalam spiritual, patriotis, disiplin, bertanggung jawab, berpandangan luas, optimis, pandangan spiritual yang mendalam, dan nasionalisme yang kuat. Karakter-karakter tersebut harus diinternalisasikan ke dalam setiap individiual melalui pendidikan di sekolah-sekolah dan perguruan tinggi. Pendidikan jasmani sebagai salah satu mata pelajaran di sekolah memiliki peran strategis dalam internalisasi karakter yang baik. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan nasihat, simulasi dan diskusi, misalnya dalam praktik nyata permainan dan kegiatan belajar mengajar. Teknik yang paling efektif adalah memberi contoh. Pepatah mengatakan bahwa satu contoh lebih efektif daripada ribuan nasihat. Melalui permainan dan kegiatan olahraga, guru dapat menginternalisasi karakter yang baik dalam kepribadian siswa dengan cara yang menyenangkan . Kata Kunci : Pembentukan Karakter, Siswa, Pendidikan Jasmani.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 694,
"width": 88,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 713,
"width": 230,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akhir-akhir ini perbincangan tentang perlunya pendidikan karakter bagi generasi muda marak dibicarakan. Issu tentang pentingnya pendidikan karakter dilatarbelakangi oleh merebaknya budaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 695,
"width": 230,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kekerasan dan perilaku anti norma yang dilakukan oleh sebagian anak bangsa. Kerusakan karakter bangsa tidak hanya dilakukan oleh kalangan rakyat jelata, tetapi kalangan terhormat di negara ini pun juga ada yang melakukannya. Contoh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 45,
"width": 350,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kontribusi Pendidikan Jasmani Dalam Membentuk Karakter Peserta Didik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 522,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "135",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 788,
"width": 195,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JPJI, Volume 9, Nomor 2, November 2013",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 230,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dari fenomena-fenomena tersebut adalah adanya tawuran antar pelajar, antar suporter olahraga, bentrokan antar suku, antar agama, maraknya korupsi, kolusi, nepotisme, serta perilaku yang mengarah kepada disintegrasi bangsa, misalnya: gerakan Papua merdeka, Republik Maluku Selatan (RMS), dan sebagainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 186,
"width": 230,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dahulu bangsa Indonesia dikenal sebagai bangsa yang ramah-tamah, suka bergotong royong, memiliki toleransi yang tinggi, memiliki kejujuran, dan kearifan lokal yang diteladani oleh bangsa lain. Namun dengan adanya arus informasi dan globalisasi nampaknya budaya adiluhung itu semakin terkikis ditelan waktu. Generasi muda termasuk pelajar cenderung lebih bangga dengan budaya barat dibanding dengan budaya sendiri yang adiluhung dan telah teruji berabad-abad lamanya. Bangsa ini sepertinya sudah kehilangan jati diri dan kebanggaan nasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 363,
"width": 230,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Degradasi moral juga melanda dunia pendidikan yang sebagian besar peserta didiknya adalah remaja dan generasi muda. Gejala adanya degradasi moral itu, misal: adanya tawuran antar pelajar dan mahasiswa, kecurangan pelaksanaan ujian nasional, mencari nilai tinggi dengan menghalalkan segala cara, dan hilangnya semangat belajar, kejujuran, kemandirian, memaksakan pendapat, dan semangat kompetisi yang menjadi roh dari proses pendidikan yang hanya mengejar kebanggaan sesaat. Demikian juga indikasi lain dari adanya kemerosotan karakter di dunia pendidikan adalah adanya fenomena maraknya penggunaan minuman keras, narkoba, film dan gambar porno, seks bebas, menurunnya rasa hormat terhadap orang tua dan guru di kalangan pelajar. Keadaan tersebut di atas apabila tidak diatasi secara sungguh-sungguh jelas-jelas akan merusak citra bangsa pada umumnya dan dunia pendidikan pada khususnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 645,
"width": 230,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Husaini Usman (2001: 112-114) menyatakan tentang adanya fenomena-fenomena memprihatinkan yang terjadi dalam dunia pendidikan Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa hampir 90% perkuliahan di kampus-kampus bersifat satu arah (ceramah). Penggunaan metode ceramah cenderung tidak memberdayakan potensi mahasiswa untuk berfikir kritis, kreatif, dan inovatif (Daldjoeni, 1996).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 82,
"width": 230,
"height": 487,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Engkoswara (1989) menyatakan bahwa data penelitian menemukan bahwa pendidikan belum menjamin lulusannya siap pakai. Pendidikan masih kurang menekankan pada unsur afektif, kreativitas, kemampuan berfikir, sikap membangun, dan landasan moralitas operasional. Pendidikan masih menghasilkan kehidupan yang bersifat materialistis yang dapat menimbulkan KKN, merendahkan moralitas, dan generasi santai yang kurang memiliki solidaritas nasional dan patriotisme. Produktivitas pendidikan masih rendah ditandai dengan rendahnya prestasi, iklim akademis kurang kondusif, ekonomi belum efisien (Engoswara, 1989), prestasi dapat dilihat dari masukan belum merata, jumlah tamatan belum banyak, kualitas pendidikan masih rendah, serta relevansi pendidikan dengan kebutuhan dunia kerja masih kurang. Iklim akademik dicerminkan oleh motivasi peserta didik rendah, etos kerja pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan masih rendah, dan terjadi pemborosan di bidang pendidikan ditunjukkan dengan belum efesiennya penyelenggaraan pendidikan, dalam hal ini diperkirakan terjadi kebocoran APBN berkisar 30%. Penelitian internasional menemukan kategori etos kerja bangsa Indonesia sebagai bangsa yang beretos kerja rendah, sebagai bangsa termalas nomor tiga di dunia dari 42 negara termalas di dunia (Pidarta, 1999). Dalam hal kesusilaan, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 6% dari 620.283 siswa di 1.783 SMU di jawa Tengah melakukan hubungan seks bebas, 60%nya dilakukan di rumah sendiri dan 40% dilakukan di penginapan dan hotel (Suprastowo, 1999), dan masih banyak lagi potret-potret suram di dunia pendidikan Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 571,
"width": 230,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di global Competitiveness Index (GCI) dalam Suyanto (2010: 1) dinyatakan kondisi Indonesia dapat dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 639,
"width": 188,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Global Competitiveness Index (GCI)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 45,
"width": 36,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Paiman",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "136",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 788,
"width": 195,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JPJI, Volume 9, Nomor 2, November 2013",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 215,
"width": 230,
"height": 279,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Apabila keadaan seperti ini tidak dilakukan penanganan yang serius, kiranya sangat sulit bagi bangsa Indonesia ini untuk dapat mengejar ketertinggalannya dengan bangsa lain di segala bidang pada umumnya dan bidang olahraga pada khususnya. Budaya hedonisme yaitu gaya hidup untuk selalu ingin bersenang-senang rupanya telah merambah kehidupan peserta didik. Budaya hedonisme jelas-jelas bertentangan dengan suasana kompetisi dalam segala bidang. Prestasi tinggi hanya dapat dicapai melalui perjuangan yang berat, disiplin, kerja keras, semangat yang membara, keyakinan yang tinggi, keteguhan jiwa, dan cita-cita tinggi. Untuk membentuk sifat peserta didik seperti tersebut di atas memerlukan proses yang panjang dan waktu yang lama. Proses tersebut dimulai dari pengenalan melalui penyampaian pengetahuan atau informasi, melakukan, membiasakan, dan akhirnya menjadi sebuah karakter.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 511,
"width": 217,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KARAKTER MULIA BAGI PESERTA DIDIK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 530,
"width": 230,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Rutland dalam M. Furqon Hidayatullah (2011: 2) dinyatakan bahwa karakter berasal dari akar kata bahasa latin yang berarti ”dipahat”. Sebuah kehidupan dapat ibaratkan seperti sebuah balok granit yang dipahat dengan hati-hati yang menghasilkan maha karya atau dipukul dengan sembarangan yang akhirnya menjadi puing-puing yang hancur berantakan tak berharga. Karakter adalah gabungan dari kebajikan dan nilai-nilai yang dipahat dengan hati-hati di dalam batu hidup yaitu diri manusia sehingga menjadi sesuatu yang permanen dan menjadi watak peserta didik. Dengan karakter mulia ini peserta didik dapat mengelola diri dari hal-hal yang bersifat negatif. Demikian juga dengan karakter mulia ini peserta didik dapat terdorong untuk melakukan perbuatan yang sesuai dengan kata",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 82,
"width": 229,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hatinya, yang mana kata hati itu selalu mengatakan hal-hal yang baik sesuai perintah Tuhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 112,
"width": 230,
"height": 309,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian karakter memiliki makna yang identik dengan istilah akhlak dalam agama Islam. Menurut Ahmad Amin dalam Hamdani Bakran (2008: 615) dinyatakan tentang makna akhlak adalah suatu ilmu yang menjelaskan arti baik dan buruk, menerangkan apa yang seharusnya dilakukan oleh setiap manusia kepada lainnya, menyatakan tujuan yang harus dituju oleh manusia dalam perbuatan mereka, dan menunjukkan jalan untuk melakukan apa yang harus diperbuat. Mengacu dari pengertian akhlak tersebut di atas maka peserta didik yang berkarakter mulia adalah yang dapat bertindak dengan mempertimbangkan baik buruk, berbuat selalu beorientasi kepada tujuan yang baik, dan memahami dengan benar arah dan maksud dari setiap perbuatan yang dilakukan. Peserta didik adalah calon pemimpin dan pewaris negara di masa depan, maka dengan berbekal karakter mulia akan dapat menata bangsa dan negara secara aman, makmur, adil, dan sejahtera di bawah bimbingan nilai keTuhanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 423,
"width": 230,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Doni Koesoema A (2007: 80) dinyatakan bahwa karakter dianggap sama dengan kepribadian. Kepribadian dianggap sebagai ciri atau karakter atau gaya atau sifat khas dari diri seseorang, yang bersumber dari bentukan-bentukan yang diterima dari lingkungan, misalnya: keluarga pada masa kecil dan juga bawaan seseorang sejak lahir. Dari pendapat di atas tampak jelas bahwa karakter adalah sifat khas yang dimiliki seseorang. Sifat khas yang dimiliki seseorang tersebut terbentuk sebagai hasil dari proses interaksi seseorang dengan lingkungan, baik lingkungan pisik maupun lingkungan sosial budaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 615,
"width": 230,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faktor lingkungan dan keturunan keduanya saling kait-mengkait serta saling mempengaruhi di dalam pembentukan karakter peserta didik. Agar peserta didik memiliki karakter yang baik maka antara kedua faktor tersebut harus mendapat perhatian yang serius. Diyakini bahwa pada dasarnya semua orang yang dilahirkan di dunia ini memiliki karakter yang baik, namun dalam perjalanan hidupnya jika selalu berinteraksi dengan lingkungan yang baik maka karakter baik itu tetap akan menjadi baik,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 45,
"width": 350,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kontribusi Pendidikan Jasmani Dalam Membentuk Karakter Peserta Didik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 522,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "137",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 788,
"width": 195,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JPJI, Volume 9, Nomor 2, November 2013",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 230,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sebaliknya jika berinteraksi dengan lingkungan yang buruk maka yang semula baik akan berubah menjadi buruk. Oleh karena itulah peserta didik harus diinteraksikan dengan lingkungan yang baik agar tetap menjadi baik. Menurut Sutari Imam Barnadib (1989: 35) dinyatakan bahwa ada 5 faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pendidikan, antara lain: (1) Tujuan, (2) pendidik, (3) anak didik/peserta didik, (4) alat-alat, dan (5) alam sekitar/lingkungan ( milieu ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 215,
"width": 230,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agar peserta didik dapat berprestasi tinggi dibutuhkan beberapa karakter dasar yang harus dimiliki di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut: spiritualitas (KeTuhanan), kepekaan sosial, ulet, kerja keras, disiplin, bertanggung jawab, berwawasan luas, optimis, dan jiwa nasionalisme. Karakter dasar tersebut jika dapat dimiliki peserta didik secara utuh maka akan dapat menjadi individu yang matang yang mampu menghadapi segala tantangan yang selalu berubah. Individu yang matang baik jasmani maupun rohani tidak terbentuk dalam waktu sesaat namun memerlukan proses yang panjang dan rumit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 393,
"width": 230,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Spiritualitas (KeTuhanan), keimanan yang kuat sangat penting bagi diri peserta didik sebab sumber kebaikan adalah aturan agama. Dengan rasa KeTuhanan yang tinggi ini menjadikan peserta didik merasa dekat dengan Tuhan sehingga segala gerak-gerik, tingkah laku, dan ucapan merasa selalu diawasi oleh Tuhan. Hukum agama berupa pahala, dosa, boleh, dan makruh merupakan indikator tata laku orang yang beriman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 526,
"width": 230,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keimanan yang kuat juga dapat menjadikan peserta didik memiliki jiwa rendah hati ( tawaduk ), dan tidak terlalu percaya diri ( over confidence ) sehingga meremehkan kemampuan orang lain. Spiritualitas yang kuat pada diri peserta didik dapat menciptakan motivasi instrinsik yang luar biasa, karena segala yang dilakukan dalam kiprahnya sebagai seorang pelajar diyakini sebagai ibadah dan mencari keridhoan Tuhan. Hal ini sesuai yang disampaikan oleh Salim Bahreisj (1989: 313) dinyatakan tentang firman Allah yakni ”Katakanlah: Tuhanku tambahkanlah bagiku ilmu pengetahuan...”(Toha: 114), Allah mengangkat derajat orang yang percaya dan orang yang berilmu pengetahuan beberapa derajat (Mujadalah: 11), dan hadist Rasullullah saw,” Mu’awijah r.a berkata Rasulullah s.a.w bersabda: Siapa yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 82,
"width": 230,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dikehendaki oleh Allah akan mendapat kebaikan, maka dipandaikan dalam agama. (H.R. Buchary, Muslim), serta hadist-hadist lain yang memerintahkan untuk menuntut ilmu. Bagi seorang mu’min sejati perintah Allah dalam Alqur’an dan perintah Rosul dalam hadist diyakini sebagai kewajiban yang harus dilakukan, demikian juga perintah tentang anjuran untuk mencari ilmu. Oleh karena itu kegiatan belajar apabila didasari oleh motivasi ibadah maka seberat apapun aktivitas tersebut akan dapat dilakukan secara ikhlas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 245,
"width": 230,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kepekaan sosial adalah ketajaman ( sensitivity ) rasa dalam interaksinya sesama manusia. Kepekaan sosial memunculkan sifat empati, toleransi, tepa selira, kerja sama, rela menolong, gotong royong, dan sebagainya. Keimanan yang kuat akan menumbuh kembangkan kepekaan sosial karena setiap agama pasti mengajarkan agar berbuat baik kepada sesama manusia sebagai makhluk Tuhan. Munculnya sikap anarkis, memaksakan kehendak, premanisme, vandalisme, egoistis, serakah, tamak, dan sikap menang sendiri disebabkan terkikisnya nilai kepekaan sosial ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 423,
"width": 230,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ulet dan kerja keras adalah keadaan jiwa dan raga untuk mencapai cita-cita dengan sepenuh kemampuan, tabah menghadapi hambatan atau kesulitan, serta kreatif mencari solusi untuk pemecahan masalah. Sikap ulet dan kerja keras harus ditanamkan kepada peserta didik. Peserta didik yang memiliki sikap ini kelak setelah dewasa akan selalu dapat menyesuaikan keadaan yang mungkin serba sulit. Realita di masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa kehidupan penuh dengan persaingan/kompetisi, dan hanya manusia yang memiliki daya kompetitif tinggi yang menang dalam persaingan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 600,
"width": 230,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Disiplin adalah sikap yang diwujudkan dalam perilaku yang dilandasi rasa keikhlasan untuk menaati ketentuan, norma, atau peraturan yang telah disepakati sesuai dengan waktu yang telah ditentukan. Sikap disiplin bagi peserta didik sangat besar perannya dalam pencapaian prestasi. Sikap disiplin bagi peserta didik yang harus dilakukan antara lain, adalah ketaatan: waktu belajar, waktu berlatih, waktu beristirahat, dan perilaku yang dilarang pendidik yang dapat menurunkan prestasi belajar. Sikap disiplin ini akan dapat melahirkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 45,
"width": 36,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Paiman",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "138",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 788,
"width": 195,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JPJI, Volume 9, Nomor 2, November 2013",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 229,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "perilaku yang istikomah dalam mempertahankan prestasi belajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 112,
"width": 230,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sikap disiplin bagi peserta didik merupakan sesuatu yang sangat penting yang senantiasa harus dilakukan. Tanpa kedisiplinan yang tinggi semua program yang disusun oleh guru, dan manajer sekolah tidak akan dapat berjalan dengan baik. Program yang dilakukan secara serampangan, tidak sistematis dan progresif tidak akan dapat menciptakan prestasi yang tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 230,
"width": 230,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bertanggungjawab adalah sikap bersungguh- sungguh dalam menerima tugas dan kemauan yang kuat untuk mencurahan segala kemampuan dan pikiran demi tercapainya tugas yang dipikulnya. Peserta didik yang memiliki rasa tanggung jawab yang tinggi akan mencurahkan segala kemampuan dan pikiran yang dimilikinya demi pencapaian prestasi tertinggi, yang mana hal ini dapat mengharumkan nama diri sendiri, sekolah, orang tua, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara yang memberi tanggung jawab. Dengan sikap bertanggungjawab ini peserta didik akan memiliki komitmen yang lurus, dan idealisme yang mantap terhadap sesuatu yang diyakini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 423,
"width": 230,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peserta didik yang memiliki sikap bertanggung jawab terhadap tugas dan perannya akan dapat terhindar dari perbuatan-perbuatan yang buruk yang dapat menurunkan prestasi dan menodai citra positif pelajar. Perbuatan-perbuatan buruk tersebut antara lain: budaya menyontek, perbuatan asusila, kebiasaan mengkonsumsi minuman keras dan rokok, berperilaku kasar, tidak sopan terhadap guru, melakukan perkelaian, anarkis, dan sebagainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 556,
"width": 230,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berwawasan luas berarti bahwa peserta didik harus gemar mencari informasi, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan baru yang sesuai dengan kemajuan IPTEK kekinian yang relevan dengan ilmu yang ditekuni. Pencapaian prestasi belajar sangat erat dengan kemajuan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan yang mendukung. Peserta didik harus selalu haus akan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Untuk itu penguasaan teknologi informasi mutlak diperlukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 689,
"width": 230,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Optimis adalah keyakinan disertai rasa penuh harapan bahwa segala cita-cita akan dapat diraih apabila dilakukan dengan usaha dan doa yang sungguh-sungguh serta semangat pantang menyerah. Usaha yang dilakukan peserta didik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 82,
"width": 230,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "meliputi usaha lahir dan usaha batin. Usaha lahir berupa belajar dan berlatih keras, peningkatan kualitas gizi yang dikonsumsi, dan peningkatan motivasi berprestasi terus-menerus. Sedang usaha batin adalah rajin berdoa, minta didoakan oleh teman atau saudara, tawakal, dan pemenuhan kebutuhan non teknik lainnya. Sikap optimis ini akan dapat mendorong peserta didik memiliki semangat pantang menyerah, terhindar dari sifat cengeng, dan memiliki banyak cara untuk meraih sukses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 230,
"width": 230,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nasionalisme adalah sikap merasa menjadi warga suatu bangsa dan bangga dengan bangsa yang dimiliki. Peserta didik harus ditanamkan kesadaran yang dalam akan arti nasionalisme ini karena di negara ini dilahirkan, dibesarkan, mencari penghidupan, mati dan dikuburkan. Pendidik agar berusaha keras menanamkan kesadaran jiwa nasionalisme ini kepada peserta didiknya, dan mencegah rasa rendah diri menjadi bangsa Indonesia, sebaliknya bangga memakai atribut bangsa lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 393,
"width": 230,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peserta didik dengan Jiwa nasionalisme yang tinggi memungkinkan untuk memiliki daya juang yang luar biasa dalam meraih prestasi di iven- iven internasional. Prestasi yang tinggi di kancah internasional akan dapat mengangkat citra bangsa dan kehormatan negara Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 497,
"width": 217,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SUMBANGSIH PENJAS DALAM MENANAMKAN KARAKTER MULIA BAGI PESERTA DIDIK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 550,
"width": 230,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakter mulia peserta didik merupakan hasil kumulatif nilai-nilai yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber pendidikan. Pendidikan karakter tidak hanya tugas dari pendidikan agama, dan PKN semata, tetapi mata pelajaran yang lain juga memiliki sumbangan yang berarti, tak terkecuali Penjas. Mata pelajaran satu dengan yang lainnya saling bahu-membahu membentuk karakter peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 668,
"width": 230,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sukadiyanto (2008: 3) menyatakan bahwa Penjas mempunyai dua pengertian yakni pendidikan melalui aktivitas jasmani. Pendidikan melalui aktivitas jasmani mempunyai pengertian bahwa aktivitas jasmani dalam Penjas digunakan sebagai alat/media untuk mendidik, sedang tujuan pendidikannya adalah sama dengan pendidikan secara umum yakni aspek",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 45,
"width": 350,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kontribusi Pendidikan Jasmani Dalam Membentuk Karakter Peserta Didik",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 522,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "139",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 788,
"width": 195,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JPJI, Volume 9, Nomor 2, November 2013",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 230,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kognitif, afektif, psikomotor, dan kinestetik. Penjas memanfaatkan aktivitas jasmani sebagai alat untuk mendidik. Pendidikan memiliki pengertian yang lebih luas dan dalam dibanding dengan mengajar. Aspek gerak ( kinesthetic ) memang merupakan tujuan dominan dari Penjas, namun demikian tidak berarti bahwa aspek yang lain diabaikan, misalnya: kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor juga mendapat perhatian yang serius.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 215,
"width": 230,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Bucher (1983: 17), dalam pendidikan jasmani adanya perhatian seseorang terhadap pengetahuan perihal peran aktivitas jasmani dalam hubungannya dengan fisik, mental, emosional, dan perkembangan sosial dari seorang individu. Mencermati pendapat Bucher tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa Penjas tidak hanya menangani perihal fisik semata namun lebih dari pada itu aspek mental, emosional, dan sosial juga mendapat perhatian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 363,
"width": 230,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut BNSP mengenai standar isi (2004: 513), tujuan Penjasorkes di antaranya adalah”... (4) meletakkan landasan karakter moral yang kuat melalui internalisasi nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalam Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan, (5) mengembangkan sikap sportif, jujur, disiplin, bertanggung jawab, kerjasama, percaya diri, dan demokratis, ...”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 482,
"width": 230,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk membentuk karakter mulia peserta didik bukan hal yang sederhana, namun demikian bukan sesuatu yang mustahil untuk dilakukan. Membentuk karakter dibutuhkan kesabaran, keuletan, waktu yang panjang, metode yang tepat, dan teknik atau strategi yang sesuai, serta lingkungan yang mendukung. Demikian juga pembentukan karakter tidak dapat dilakukan oleh satu atau dua mata pelajaran secara parsial tetapi harus dilakukan oleh seluruh mata pelajaran secara komprehensif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 630,
"width": 230,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peserta didik agar memiliki karakter mulia seperti tersebut di atas tidak cukup hanya mendapatkan pengajaran tentang karakter mulia tersebut. Keteladanan dinyakini lebih efektif dari pada pengajaran. Satu keteladanan lebih efektif dari pada seribu nasehat. Hal ini sesuai yang disampaikan oleh Doni Koesoema A (2009: 146) mengutip pepatah latin verba movent exempla trahunt (kata-kata itu menggerakkan orang, namun teladan memikat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 82,
"width": 230,
"height": 250,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hati). Keteladanan itu harus di lakukan oleh orang dewasa yang berperan dalam membimbing peserta didik, di antaranya adalah: guru penjas, orang tua, dan pelatih. Dengan keteladanan ini peserta didik dapat melihat dengan nyata karakter mulia yang praktikkan oleh orang dewasa yang menjadi idolanya. Hal ini sesuai yang disampaikan dalam Al Qur’an ”Sesungguhnya telah ada pada diri Rasulullah itu suri teladan yang baik.” (Al Ahzab: 21), ”Dan tidaklah Kami mengutus kamu (Muhammad Saw) melainkan untuk rahmat bagi semesta alam.” (al- Anbiya’: 107), ”Sesungguhnya aku telah diutus untuk menyempurnakan akhak yang mulia.” (H.R. Ahmad dari Abu Hurairah Ra.). Hal seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas menjelaskan kepada kita bahwa keteladanan itu mudah dipahami dan dikerjakan dibanding pengajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 334,
"width": 230,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penanaman nilai kerja sama juga dapat dilakukan lewat Penjas yakni dengan pembiasaan kerja sama tim/kelompok pada olahraga permainan. Kesuksesan olahraga beregu sangat ditentukan oleh kerja sama/ kekompakan dari setiap anggota tim. Kebiasaan bekerja sama dalam permainan olahraga ini diharapkan dapat diimplikasikan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dalam bidang yang lebih luas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 452,
"width": 230,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Disiplin , materi Penjas berupa permainan dan olahraga syarat dengan peraturan yang mengikat. Pembiasaan taat peraturan dalam permainan dan olahraga ini diharapkan dapat diimplikasikan dalam bidang kehidupan lain yang lebih luas. Kepatuhan terhadap peraturan merupakan salah satu indikasi sikap disiplin dan bertanggung jawab.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 556,
"width": 230,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kepekaan sosial , untuk menanamkan nilai ini melalui Penjas dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa tindakan di antaranya adalah membiasakan peserta didik membantu guru menyiapkan alat pembelajaran, menanamkan rasa empati terhadap teman atau lawan bermain ketika menderita kecelakaan, menjenguk teman yang sakit, menggalang dana sosial lewat iven olahraga, melakukan olahraga dengan sikap sportif, dan pertandingan persahabatan. Kepekaan rasa sosial di lapangan olahraga ini di harapkan dapat diimplementasikan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat sehingga memunculkan rasa saling menyayangi, tolong-menolong, dan empati terhadap penderitaan orang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 45,
"width": 36,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Paiman",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "140",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 788,
"width": 195,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JPJI, Volume 9, Nomor 2, November 2013",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 230,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agar peserta didik memiliki jiwa optimis melalui Penjas dapat dilakukan beberapa tindakan antara lain: (1) penyadaran terus-menerus bahwa setiap peserta didik memiliki potensi tinggi untuk berprestasi namun keberhasilannya tergantung tingkat usaha, dedikasi, semangat, dan daya juang masing-masing; (2) menanamkan jiwa keihlasan dan senantiasa mengharap keridhoan dari Tuhan atas kiprahnya dalam bidang Penjas; dan (3) rajin berdoa dengan penuh harap agar prestasi yang dicita-citakan dikabulkan Tuhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 260,
"width": 142,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 279,
"width": 230,
"height": 265,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akhir-akhir ini karakter generasi muda dan peserta didik berada pada tingkat yang mengkawatirkan. Hal ini tandai dengan maraknya budaya kekerasan, memaksakan pendapat, dan perilaku anti norma yang dilakukan oleh anak bangsa di antaranya adanya: tawuran antar pelajar, suporter olahraga, antar suku, daerah, dan agama, pornoaksi dan pornografi, miras narkoba, pergaulan bebas, dan hilangnya rasa hormat terhadap orang tua dan guru. Jika keadaan seperti ini tidak segera diatasi maka tidak mustahil terjadi kekacauan yang berujung pada disintegrasi bangsa. Kemerosotan karakter juga merambah pada insan-insan pendidikan di antaranya adalah oknum pejabat di jajaran Depdiknas, oknum manajer sekolah, oknum guru, serta oknum peserta didik. Untuk itu pendidikan karakter mutlak diperlukan demi terciptanya suasana aman, nyaman, dan damai di negara Indonesia tercinta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 545,
"width": 230,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakter mulia bagi peserta didik besar pengaruhnya terhadap pencapaian prestasi belajar yang dapat mengangkat harkat, martabat serta keharuman nama bangsa. Beberapa karakter dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik antara lain; spiritualitas yang mantap, kepekaan sosial, ulet, kerja keras, disiplin, tanggung jawab, berwawasan luas, optimis dan jiwa nasionalisme. Karakter dasar tersebut harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik melalui proses pendidikan dan keteladanan dari semua pihak yang terlibat dalam pendidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 708,
"width": 230,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Beberapa kiat yang dapat dilakukan oleh Penjas dalam menanamkan karakter mulia dapat dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: penanaman kesadaran dengan pengarahan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 82,
"width": 230,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "nasehat, tayangan film, pembiasaan, penegakan norma dan peraturan, serta yang paling utama adalah keteladanan. Keteladan lebih efektif daripada seribu nasehat. Verba movent exempla trahunt (kata-kata itu menggerakkan orang, namun teladan memikat hati)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 186,
"width": 100,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 203,
"width": 229,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abdullah Nashih Ulwan. (1981). Pedoman Pendidikan Anak dalam Islam . (Terjemahan Saifullah Kamalie dan Hery Noer Ali). Semarang: Asy-Syifa’.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 246,
"width": 230,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adz-Dzaki, Hamdani Bahran. (2008). Psikologi Kenabian; Prophetic Psychology . Yogyakarta: Al Manar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 288,
"width": 230,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "An-Nawawi, Imam Abu Zakaria Yahya bin Syarf.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 301,
"width": 216,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(1986). Riadhus Shalihin II. (Terjemahan Salim Bahreisj). Bandung: PT. Alma’arif.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 331,
"width": 208,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BNSP. (2004). Standar Isi . Jakarta: Depdiknas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 348,
"width": 230,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bucher, C.A. (1983). Foundations of Psysical Education & Sport (6th ed) . London: The C.V. Mosby Company.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 391,
"width": 230,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Doni Koesoema A. (2007). Pendidikan Karakter Strategi Mendidik Anak di Zaman Global . Jakarta: PT Gramedia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 433,
"width": 229,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Doni Koesoema. (2009). Pendidikan Karakter di Jaman Keblinger . Jakarta: PT Grasindo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 463,
"width": 230,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Husaini Usman. (2009). Administrasi Pendidikan dan Cita-cita Mewujudkan Generasi Baru. Kumpulan Makalah dengan judul Kearifan Sang Profesor Membumikan Pendidikan Kejuruan. Yogyakarta: Penerbitan UNY.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 531,
"width": 230,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "M. Furqon Hidayatullah. (April 2011). Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidik dalam Membangun Karakter Peserta Didik. Makalah disampaikan dalam Seminar Nasional Ikatan Alumni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta,. di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 613,
"width": 230,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sutari Imam Barnadib. (1989). Pengantar Ilmu Pendidikan Sistematis . Yogyakarta: Andi Offset. Suyanto. (Desember 2010). Peran Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG) Dalam Menyiapkan Tenaga Kependidikan yang Profesional dan Berkarakter . Makalah disajikan dalam Seminar Pendidikan Teknik Boga dan Busana, di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 723,
"width": 230,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Winarno Surakhmad. (1980). Pengantar Interaksi Mengajar-Belajar Dasar dan Teknik Metodologi Pengajaran, Edisi keIV. Bandung: Tarsito.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
f611d3f5-d356-e81d-b3de-e488c158d7a4 | http://journal-nusantara.com/index.php/EKOMA/article/download/4572/3592 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 49,
"width": 268,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Vol.3, No.5, Juli 2024",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 737,
"width": 469,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ISSN : 2828-5298 (online)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 24,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2318",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 90,
"width": 412,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan, Lokasi Dan Fasilitas Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Mini Soccer Di Kota Medan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 141,
"width": 396,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Harrizki Amin 1 , Muhammad Rizqi Zati 2 , T. Putri Lindung Bulan 3 1,2,3 Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Samudra, Langsa, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 193,
"width": 81,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Article History:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 207,
"width": 110,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Received: 10 Juli 2024",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 220,
"width": 104,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Revised: 23 Juli 2024",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 234,
"width": 111,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Accepted: 26 Juli 2024",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 264,
"top": 193,
"width": 259,
"height": 347,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstract: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh kualitas layanan, lokasi, dan fasilitas terhadap loyalitas konsumen mini soccer di Kota Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 96 responden dengan frekuensi kunjungan minimal satu kali atau lebih. metode analisis memakai regresi linier berganda, uji t,uji F dan uji koefisien determinasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan Y = 1,650 + 0,224X1 + 0,264X2 + 0,443X3. Dari uji t menyatakan faktor kualitas layanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada loyalitas konsumen mini soccer di Kota Medan, lokasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen mini soccer di Kota Medan, dan fasilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen mini soccer di Kota Medan. Hasil uji F menyatakan kualitas layanan, lokasi dan fasilitas secara simultan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen mini soccer di Kota Medan. Dari uji koefisien determinasi (Adjusted R2) diperoleh nilai 0,836 atau sebesar 83,6% hal ini berarti variabel kualitas layanan, lokasi dan fasilitas mempengaruhi loyalitas konsumen mini soccer di Kota Medan. Untuk sisanya 16,4% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 277,
"width": 146,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords: Kualitas Layanan, Lokasi dan Fasilitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 552,
"width": 470,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN Olahraga adalah bentuk aktivitas fisik yang dilakukan baik dalam bentuk serius atau juga santai. Banyak jenis olahraga yang diminati oleh kalangan masyarakat, baik pria maupun wanita. Olahraga bertujuan untuk memelihara, meningkatkan kemampuan, dan keterampilan fisik sambil memberikan efek relaksasi dan juga hiburan ke orang yang menonton, olahraga juga mampu menghilangkan stress yang diakibatkan oleh rutinitas sehari-hari yang dilakukan masyarakat. Olahraga terbagi menjadi 2 jenis yaitu indoor dan outdoor yang berarti dapat dimainkan didalam maupun luar ruangan tergantung jenis olahraga nya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 664,
"width": 470,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dalam meningkatkan peminatnya, Gama Mini Soccer selalu menjaga kualitas fasilitasnya, seperti pemeliharaan rumput secara berkala, memperhatikan drainase yang baik sehingga mencegah genangan air yang bisa mengganggu kenyamanan bermain di lapangan, melengkapi venue lapangan yang dipunya seperti toliet, ruang ganti, tempat makan, hingga tempat parkir yang luas untuk kendaraan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 49,
"width": 269,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Vol.3, No.5, Juli 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 740,
"width": 469,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ISSN : 2828-5298 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 531,
"top": 35,
"width": 24,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2319",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 91,
"width": 470,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kebanyakan konsumen akan kembali bermain lagi apabila tempat tersebut dirasa cocok dengan konsumen tersebut. Loyalitas konsumen merupakan ukuran kemungkinan konsumen untuk melakukan bisnis yang berulang dengan perusahaan atau merek. Ini adalah hasil dari kepuasan konsumen, pengalaman konsumen yang positif, dan nilai keseluruhan barang atau jasa yang di terima konsumen dari bisnis. Persaingan bisnis juga menuntut keberadaan tempat yang unggul. Bentuknya bisa berupa pendapatan harga yang jitu, strategi distribusi yang tepat atau produk yang berkualitas. Menurut Kotler & Keller (2016:138) loyalitas konsumen adalah komitmen yang dipegang secara mendalam untuk membeli atau mendukung kembali produk atau jasa yang di sukai di masa depan, meski pengaruh situasi dan usaha pemasaran berpotensi menyebabkan pelanggan beralih.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 229,
"width": 470,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fasilitas adalah sumber daya fisik yang harus ada sebelum jasa ditawarkan kepada konsumen. Pada dasarnya fasilitas dalam perusahaan jasa merupakan faktor yang menentukan pilihan orang untuk berkunjung. Menurut Tjiptono (2016:16) fasilitas merupakan sumber fisik yang harus ada sebelum suatu jasa ditawarkan kepada para konsumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 284,
"width": 470,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan permasalahan yang telah didapatkan oleh peneliti mengenai kualitas layanan, lokasi, dan fasilitas yang berkaitan dengan loyalitas maka peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan judul “Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan, Lokasi dan Fasilitas terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Mini Soccer di Kota Medan”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 353,
"width": 108,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "LANDASAN TEORI Loyalitas Pelanggan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 393,
"width": 470,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Loyalitas konsumen yaitu wujud kesetiaan konsumen untuk menggunakan suatu produk atau jasa dengan continue atau terus menerus, karena memiliki kepuasan yang tinggi terhadap produk atau jasa yang digunakan, akan cenderung timbul rasa untuk merekomendasikan produk atau jasa tersebut ke orang lain, agar mereka dapat merasakan kepuasan seperti apa yang dirasakan saat menggunakan produk yang digunakan. Menurut Priansa (2017:4) mendefinisikan loyalitas konsumen merupakan komitmen jangka panjang konsumen, yang diimplementasikan dalam bentuk perilaku dan sikap yang loyal terhadap perusahaan dan produknya, dengan cara mengonsumsi secara teratur dan berulang, sehingga perusahaan dan produknya menjadi bagian penting dari proses konsumsi yang dilakukan oleh pelanggan dimana hal tersebut akan mempengaruhi eksistensi perusahaan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 537,
"width": 471,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Priansa (2017:30) menyatakan bahwa loyalitas konsumen adalah komitmen pelanggan terhadap suatu produk atau jasa yang tercermin dari sikap ( attitude ) yang sangat positif dan wujud perilaku (behavior) pembelian ulang yang dilakukan oleh pelanggan tersebut secara konsisten dalam jangka waktu yang lama.Menurut Giffin yang dikutip oleh Sangadji & Shopiah (2013:104) menyatakan bahwa: “Loyalitas lebih mengacu pada wujud perilaku unit-unit pengambilan keputusan untuk melakukan pembelian secara terus-menerus terhadap barang atau jasa dari suatu perusahaan yang dipilih.” Dengan pembelian yang dilakukan pelanggan secara terus-menerus dapat memberikan keuntungan jangka panjang bagi perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 653,
"width": 92,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kualitas Layanan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 673,
"width": 470,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Tjiptono (2017:180) mendefinisikan kualitas layanan atau kualitas jasa sebagai ukuran seberapa bagus tingkat layanan yang diberikan mampu sesuai dengan ekspektasi pelanggan. Sedangkan menurut Parasuraman dalam Purwanti & Wahdiniwaty (2017:65) menyebutkan bahwa kualitas layanan adalah perbandingan antara layanan yang dirasakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 49,
"width": 268,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Vol.3, No.5, Juli 2024",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 737,
"width": 469,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ISSN : 2828-5298 (online)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 24,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2320",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 91,
"width": 470,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(persepsi) pelanggan dengan kualitas layanan yang diharapkan pelanggan. Menurut Arianto (2018:83) kualitas layanan dapat diartikan sebagai berfokus pada memenuhi kebutuhan dan persyaratan, serta pada ketepatan waktu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 138,
"width": 94,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengertian Lokasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 158,
"width": 470,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Heizer & Render (2015:116) lokasi adalah pendorong biaya dan pendapatan, maka lokasi seringkali memiliki kekuasanaan untuk membuat strategi bisnis perusahaan. Lokasi yang strategis bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan dari lokasi bari perusahaan. Menurut Tjiptono (2014: 92) ”Lokasi adalah tempat perusahaan beroperasi atau tempat perusahaan melakukan kegiatan untuk menghasilkan barang dan jasa yang mementingkan segi ekonominya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 233,
"width": 470,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pemilihan lokasi menurut Alma (2013: 105) memilih lokasi usaha yang tepat sangat menentukan keberhasilan dan kegagalan usaha dimasa yang akan datang. Lokasi adalah tempat di mana perusahaan harus bermarkas melakukan operasi (Lupiyoadi, 2013:81). Jadi lokasi dapat disimpulkan adalah tempat yang berhubungan dimana perusahaan akan didirikan dan dilaksanakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 308,
"width": 43,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fasilitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 328,
"width": 470,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Yuriansyah (2013:31) fasilitas yang sesuai dengan harapan konsumen akan menarik perhatian konsumen untuk datang dan membuat perusahaan dapat memenangkan persaingan bisnis. Sedangkan menurut Tjiptono (2016:16) fasilitas merupakan sumber fisik yang harus ada sebelum suatu jasa ditawarkan kepada para konsumen. Berdasarkan para ahli bahwa fasilitas mempengaruhi layanan yang diterima secara langsung oleh konsumen dalam berbagai faktor yang mendukung kepuasan konsumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 416,
"width": 131,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 436,
"width": 470,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penelitian ini berada dalam ruang lingkup ilmu manajemen pemasaran, dengan fokus pada kualitas layanan, lokasi, dan fasilitas terhadap loyalitas konsumen mini soccer di Kota Medan. Penelitian dilakukan dari Januari 2024 hingga Juni 2024. Jenis data yang digunakan meliputi data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kualitatif, menurut Suliyanto (2018:155), berupa pernyataan dan teori-teori pendukung penelitian, sementara data kuantitatif diterangkan dengan angka dan diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Sumber data terdiri dari data primer yang langsung dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner, serta data sekunder dari buku, jurnal, dan karya ilmiah lainnya (Sugiyono, 2017:193). Populasi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Kota Medan yang pernah bermain di Gama Mini Soccer, dengan sampel diambil dari populasi tersebut berdasarkan kriteria yang ditentukan (Sugiyono, 2016:80; 2017:118).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 580,
"width": 167,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 601,
"width": 88,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil Penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 622,
"width": 194,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Hasil Uji t (Uji Signifikansi Parsial)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 649,
"width": 247,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Model Standardized Coefficients",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 677,
"width": 203,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "T Sig. Beta",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 692,
"width": 391,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "( constant ) 1.381 .171 Kualitas Layanan .236 2.627 .010 Lokasi .259 3.266 .002",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 49,
"width": 269,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Vol.3, No.5, Juli 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 740,
"width": 469,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ISSN : 2828-5298 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 531,
"top": 35,
"width": 24,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2321",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 107,
"width": 89,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber: Hasil Olahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 124,
"width": 470,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari Tabel 1, hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa variabel kualitas layanan (X1) memiliki nilai t sig sebesar 0,010. Karena nilai t sig 0,010 lebih kecil dari 0,05, maka variabel kualitas layanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen mini soccer di Kota Medan. Selanjutnya, variabel lokasi (X2) memiliki nilai t sig sebesar 0,002. Karena nilai t sig 0,002 lebih kecil dari 0,05, maka variabel lokasi juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen mini soccer di Kota Medan. Selain itu, variabel fasilitas (X3) memiliki nilai t sig sebesar 0,000. Karena nilai t sig 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05, maka variabel fasilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen mini soccer di Kota Medan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 240,
"width": 122,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Hasil Uji f (Simultan)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 260,
"width": 96,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Uji F",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 344,
"width": 161,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber: Hasil Pengolahan SPSS (2024)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 361,
"width": 470,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari Tabel 2 dapat dilihat bahwa model dalam penelitian memiliki F hitung senilai 0,000. Dikarenakan nilai F sig. 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa variabel-variabel independen yang meliputi kualitas layanan, lokasi dan fasilitas secara simultan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen Gama Mini Soccer di Kota Medan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 422,
"width": 198,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R 2 ) Tabel 3. Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 495,
"width": 466,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber: Hasil Pengolahan SPSS (2024) Dari tabel 4.14 dapat dilihat jika R Square senilai 0,836 atau senilai 83,6% kontribusi variabel kualitas layanan, lokasi dan fasilitas terhadap variabel terikat. Sementara sisanya 16,4% pengaruh dari variabel yang tidak diamati dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 553,
"width": 65,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 573,
"width": 470,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan uji hipotesis yang dilakukan menggunakan uji t untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh masing-masing variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat, hasil menunjukkan bahwa variabel kualitas layanan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,010 < 0,05 berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen Gama Mini Soccer di Kota Medan. Responden mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas layanan di Gama Mini Soccer, seperti kondisi peralatan yang baik, sarana yang nyaman, serta karyawan yang ramah dan profesional, berperan penting dalam mempengaruhi loyalitas mereka. Penelitian ini sejalan dengan Herlambang (2021), yang menyatakan bahwa kualitas layanan secara parsial memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan pengguna jasa lapangan di Latansa Futsal Pekanbaru. Selanjutnya, variabel lokasi dengan nilai signifikansi 0,002 < 0,05 juga menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen Gama Mini Soccer di Kota Medan. Responden mengungkapkan bahwa lokasi Gama Mini Soccer mudah dijangkau, tidak terlalu padat, dan dekat dengan tempat tinggal mereka, serta memiliki lahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 92,
"width": 457,
"height": 386,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fasilitas .478 5.781 .000 Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Regression 683.751 3 227.917 162.705 .000 b 1 Residual 128.874 92 1.401 Total 812.625 95 Model Adjust R Square Std. Error of the Estimate",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 480,
"width": 6,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 480,
"width": 218,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": ".836 1.18355",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 49,
"width": 268,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Vol.3, No.5, Juli 2024",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 737,
"width": 469,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ISSN : 2828-5298 (online)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 24,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2322",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 91,
"width": 470,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "parkir yang luas. Penelitian ini konsisten dengan temuan Melfia (2021), yang menemukan bahwa lokasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada lapangan futsal Montella Sport Centre di Kecamatan Kupitan. Selain itu, variabel fasilitas dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen Gama Mini Soccer di Kota Medan. Responden menyatakan bahwa fasilitas yang baik, nyaman, dan lengkap di Gama Mini Soccer sangat mempengaruhi loyalitas mereka. Penelitian ini sejalan dengan Melfia (2021), yang menunjukkan bahwa fasilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada lapangan futsal Montella Sport Centre di Kecamatan Kupitan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 207,
"width": 470,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil uji F menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000, yang berarti bahwa variabel kualitas layanan (X1), lokasi (X2), dan fasilitas (X3) secara simultan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen Gama Mini Soccer di Kota Medan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 88,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 289,
"width": 470,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil uji analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa koefisien regresi kualitas layanan sebesar 0,224 dengan tanda positif, yang berarti bahwa peningkatan kualitas layanan akan meningkatkan loyalitas konsumen sebesar 0,224. Koefisien regresi lokasi sebesar 0,264 dengan tanda positif, yang artinya peningkatan lokasi akan meningkatkan loyalitas konsumen sebesar 0,264. Koefisien regresi fasilitas sebesar 0,443 dengan tanda positif, yang berarti bahwa peningkatan fasilitas akan meningkatkan loyalitas konsumen sebesar 0,443. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa variabel kualitas layanan, lokasi, dan fasilitas masing-masing memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen mini soccer di Kota Medan. Selain itu, hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa kualitas layanan, lokasi, dan fasilitas secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen Gama Mini Soccer di Kota Medan. Hasil koefisien determinasi (Adjusted R²) yang diperoleh sebesar 83,6% menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi variabel kualitas layanan, lokasi, dan fasilitas dalam mempengaruhi loyalitas konsumen di Gama Mini Soccer adalah sebesar 83,6%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 16,4% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diamati.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 488,
"width": 132,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "DAFTAR REFERENSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 509,
"width": 470,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Alma, B. (2013). Manajemen Pemasaran & Pemasaran Jasa. Bandung: Alfhabeta. Arianto, N. (2018). Pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas pengunjung dalam menggunakan jasa Hotel Rizen Kedaton Bogor. Jurnal pemasaran kompetitif, 1(2), 83-101.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 565,
"width": 470,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Heizer, J. H., & Render, B. (2004). Principles of operations management. Pearson Educación. Herlambang, B. (2021), Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Latansa Futsal di Pekanbaru. Universitas Islam Riau Pekanbaru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 606,
"width": 470,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Herlambang, B. (2021), Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Latansa Futsal di Pekanbaru. Universitas Islam Riau Pekanbaru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 634,
"width": 470,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kotler, P & Keller, K. L. (2016). Manajemen Pemasaran edisi 12 jilid 1 & 2. Jakarta : PT. Indeks. Kotler, P. (2019). Manajemen Pemasaran. Edisi Milenium. Jakarta: Prenhalindo Pitaloka, H., Al Umar, A. U. A., Hartati, E. R., & Fitria, D. (2020). The economic impact of the COVID- 19 outbreak: Evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Inovasi Ekonomi, 5(02).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 689,
"width": 470,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kuantitatif, P. P. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kunatitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta, Bandung. Lupiyoadi, R. (2013). Manajemen Pemasaran Jasa Edisi Revisi. Salemba Empat. Jakarta. Melfia, R. (2021). Pengaruh Fasilitas dan Lokasi Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Pada Lapangan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 49,
"width": 269,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi Vol.3, No.5, Juli 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 740,
"width": 469,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ISSN : 2828-5298 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 531,
"top": 35,
"width": 24,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2323",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 91,
"width": 470,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Futsal Montella Sport Centre Di kecamatan Kupitan. Universitas Islam Riau Pekanbaru. Melfia, R. (2021). Pengaruh Fasilitas dan Lokasi Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Pada Lapangan Futsal Montella Sport Centre Di kecamatan Kupitan. Universitas Islam Riau Pekanbaru. Purwanti & Wahdiniwaty. (2017). Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan, Kepercayaan, Dan Kewajaran Harga Pengaruhnya Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Pada Cinderella School Of English For Children Di Bandung. Jimm Unikom, 62-75.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 174,
"width": 470,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sugiyono. (2015). Analisis Penggunaan Metode Bercerita dalam Mengembangkan Karakter Religius Pada Anak Kelompok B TK Cut Meutia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 2(1).https://www.jim.bbg.ac.id/pendidikan/article/download/309/146 Sugiyono. (2015). Analisis Penggunaan Metode Bercerita dalam Mengembangkan Karakter Religius Pada Anak Kelompok B TK Cut Meutia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 2(1).https://www.jim.bbg.ac.id/pendidikan/article/download/309/146 Suliyanto, (2018). Metode Penelitian Bisnis, Andi, Yogyakarta : PT Pustaka Baru. Suliyanto, S. (2018). Pengaruh Adaptabilitas Pemasaran Terhadap Kinerja Pemasaran Melalui Hubungan Dengan Pelanggan Dan Keunggulan Bersaing. Performance: Jurnal Personalia, Financial, Operasional, Marketing Dan Sistem Informasi, 14(2), 87-102. Tjiptono, Fandy. 2000. Manajemen Jasa. Yogyakarta: Andi Yogyakarta. Yuriansyah, A. L. (2013). Persepsi tentang kualitas pelayanan, nilai produk dan fasilitas terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Management Analysis Journal, 2(1).",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
7c2460e6-b229-63a5-2bcb-7b5386786129 | https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/konservasi/article/download/40395/24610 | [
{
"left": 57,
"top": 59,
"width": 191,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Konservasi Vol.27 No.3 Desember 2022: 116-120",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 482,
"top": 59,
"width": 59,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN: 0215-1677",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 68,
"width": 126,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: 10.29244/medkon.27.3.116-120",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 474,
"top": 68,
"width": 65,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN: 2502-6313",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 776,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "116",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 90,
"width": 462,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PREY COMPOSITION OF Nepenthes gymnamphora Reinw. Ex Nees AT MOUNT BISMO, DERODUWUR HIKING TRAIL, WONOSOBO, CENTRAL JAVA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 130,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H ANI R ISTIAWAM *) A ND A GUS H IKMAT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 157,
"width": 435,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Department of Forest Conservation Resources and Ecotourisme, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University,Bogor, 16680, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 191,
"width": 169,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "*Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 214,
"width": 236,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted March 20, 2022 / Approved October 21, 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 241,
"width": 46,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 260,
"width": 484,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nepenthes gymnamphora (kantong semar, paleotropic pitcher plant) is a carnivorous plant that spreads across the mountains of Java, one of which is on Mount Bismo, Dieng Mountains, Central Java. The prey composition N. gymnamphora has not been studied before. The purpose of this study was to identify the composition of prey of N. gymnamphora in the Deroduwur Hiking Trail, Mount Bismo, Wonosobo, Central Java. The method used was the identification of prey in the pitcher that has been opened, both the upper and lower pitcher types. The main prey of N. gymnamphora are invertebrates from the ordo of Hymenoptera, Blattodea, Diptera, Araneae, and Diplura. Based on the prey composition analysis, there was a tendency for pitcher dimorphism, namely the upper pitcher of N. gymnamphora tended to contain flying invertebrates, while the lower pitcher tended to contain terrestrial invertebrates. This is influenced by the morphology of the pitcher. The upper pitcher tends to be lighter in color than the lower pitcher so that it is more attractive to fly invertebrates. In addition, the pitcher of N. gymnamphora provides a microhabitat for the larvae of Culicidae and Syrphidae.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 352,
"width": 321,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Key words: carnivorous plants, palaeotropic pitcher plant, pitcher dimorphism, pitcher morphology",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 380,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 400,
"width": 234,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nepenthes is a plant known for its uniqueness as a carnivorous plant. The name of the kantong semar is derived from the unique feature of this plant, namely the pitcher-shaped ( kantong ) trap organ. This organ is a modification of the leaf tip tendril. The adaptation Nepenthes as a carnivorous plant aims to meet nutritional needs because it generally lives in nutrient-poor habitats such as habitats with thin and rocky soil layers, acid soil, undergoing nutrient leaching, secondary ecosystems, or as epiphytic plants (Mansur 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 515,
"width": 234,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nepenthes can trap various prey, especially from the class of arthropods to get nutrition. Inside the Nepenthes pitcher, some enzymes and bacteria help to break down protein and chitin molecules from their prey (Siegara and Yogiara 2009). The trapping ability and composition of trapped prey are influenced by several factors such as pitcher structure (Moran and Clarke 2010; Clarke and Moran 2016), pitcher types (Gaume et al. 2016), and external factors such as climate (Moran et al. 2013; Clarke and Moran 2016). Common prey that is found in the Nepenthes pitcher is from the order of Diptera, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera (Chin et al. 2014). The dominant prey insect taxa of various Nepenthes in Sumatra and Kalimantan are Formicidae (Chin et al. 2014; Maysarah 2016). However, Nepenthes pitchers are often attractive or modified to trap non-arthropod taxa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 711,
"width": 233,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Some species Nepenthes have specific strategies for trapping prey or in symbiosis with organisms from taxa other than arthropods. The pitcher morphology determines the difference in prey preferences, especially",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 380,
"width": 234,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "in the pitcher lip (peristome), wax zone, and digestive zone (Bauer et al. 2012). For example, Nepenthes albomarginata has a lichen-like peristome structure that attracts a genus of termites and Nepenthes lowii 's pitcher structure allows the mountain shrew Tupaia montana to come and defecate in its pitcher (Pavlovič 2012). This specification mainly appears in species that are in the same habitat to avoid nutrient uptake competition between species (Chin et al. 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 483,
"width": 234,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studies on the prey of Nepenthes have been carried out although they have not covered the entire species. In addition, these studies have not represented the entire bioregion of the distribution of Nepenthes , including those on the island of Java. Nepenthes gymnamphora is one of 3 species of Nepenthes in Java whose population is getting depressed due to habitat degradation and poaching. The natural distribution of N. gymnamphora is limited to habitats in the mountains of Java at an altitude of 1000-2750 m asl (Batoro and Wartono 2017). One of the important habitats of N. gymnamphora that is threatened due to increasingly widespread human activities is on Mount Bismo which is included in the Dieng Mountains, Central Java (Iqbal 2015; Syamsul et al. 2017, Mayangsari et al. 2017). Research on the prey composition of N. gymnamphora has been conducted by Rangkuti et al. (2015) whose samples were taken from Mount Aseupan, Banten. However, the study only identified prey from insect taxa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 702,
"width": 233,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The purpose of this study was to identify the prey of N. gymnamphora that grows on Deroduwur Hiking Trail, Mount Bismo. Research on the prey composition of N. gymnamphora is one of the basic aspects of understanding the bioecology of this species, especially",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 59,
"width": 191,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Konservasi Vol.27 No.3 Desember 2022: 116-120",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 776,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "117",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 96,
"width": 234,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "in terms of prey trapping mechanisms. Research on the prey composition of N. gymnamphora on Mount Bismo is expected to be a comparison, see the potential for prey",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 96,
"width": 233,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "other than insect taxa, and become the basis for studies of trapping strategies in N. gymnamphora .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 147,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RESEARCH METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 168,
"width": 234,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data collection was carried out on the hiking trail of Deroduwur Village, a protected forest area of Mount Bismo, Kejajar District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java, in April-May 2021. The tools used in this study included: sample bottles, measuring tubes, pH meters, and a stereomicroscope. The materials used in this study were ethanol and pitcher fluid samples of N. gymnamphora . The objects observed in this study were pitcher fluids and prey of N. gymnamphora that were found on Mount Bismo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 283,
"width": 234,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The pitcher fluid sample was selected by purposive sampling, specifically by selecting pitchers that were already open and filled with prey from all the individuals present at the location. Of the 15 N. gymnamphora at the study site, only 7 individuals were accessible and had pitchers that met the criteria. Obtained 11 samples of pitcher fluid consisting of 4 lower pitchers and 7 upper pitchers from these 7 individuals",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 375,
"width": 234,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fluids were taken from at least one Nepenthes that had been opened from each individual found. Prey was identified from organisms trapped in Nepenthes pitcher fluid . The pitcher liquid containing the prey was preserved by adding 70% ethanol and stored in a sample bottle. Then, these samples were counted and identified using an identification book ( Freshwater Invertebrates and Pest of Crops in Indonesia ), a website (http://www.bugguide.net), and an artificial intelligence- based identification application (iNaturalist).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 502,
"width": 130,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 522,
"width": 153,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Characteristics of Pitcher Fluid",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 534,
"width": 234,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume and pH analysis were taken from 10 samples of pitcher fluid from 7 individuals of N. gymnamphora consisting of 4 upper and 6 lower pitchers. Evaluated from the results of the analysis, the upper pitcher tends to have a larger volume than the lower pitcher even though each pitcher has a fairly large volume range (Table 1). While the pH is not much different in each type of pitcher. The liquid N.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 144,
"width": 234,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "gymnamphora was identified as having a pH with a weak acid category. The acidity of the Nepenthes is influenced by proton pump activity and/or nutrient ion transport that supports enzymatic activity (Gaume et al. 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 202,
"width": 97,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Prey Composition",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 213,
"width": 234,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analysis of prey trapped in 11 pitcher fluid samples (4 lower pitchers and upper 7 pitchers) from 7 individuals. The total trapped prey was 155 individuals in the upper pitcher and 34 individuals in the lower pitcher. The prey taxa are quite numerous from the invertebrate phylum (Figure 1). The upper pitcher has 12 orders while the lower pitcher contains 8 orders with a total of 14 orders that fall into the classes of Insecta, Arachnida, Myriapoda, Malacostraca, and Gastropods. The most trapped invertebrate orders were Hymenoptera 65.61%, Blattodea 9.03%, Diptera 5.82%, Araneae 5.29%, and Diplura 4.76%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 351,
"width": 234,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "All of these orders except Diptera are found in each pitcher type. The upper pitcher tends to trap a more diverse order of invertebrates than the lower pitcher. This can be influenced by the number of samples of the upper pitcher which is more than the lower pitcher. However, the difference between the orders of invertebrates trapped in the upper and lower pitches is the order which generally has wings and can fly. The orders of winged and flightless invertebrates found only in the upper pitcher are Diptera and Orthoptera. Meanwhile, the order of invertebrates found only in the lower pitcher is Slocopendromorpha which are generally terrestrial arthropods.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 501,
"width": 233,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Most prey orders belong to the class of Insecta, namely Hymenoptera, Blattodea, Diptera, Diplura, Coleoptera, and Orthoptera (Figure 2). The prey composition N. gymnamphora on Mount Bismo was quite different from that of N. gymnamphora on Mount Aseupan, Banten, which consisted of Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Orthoptera (Rangkuti et al. 2015). Common prey found in the Nepenthes is those of the orders Diptera, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera (Chin et al. 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 637,
"width": 442,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1 Volume and pH of Nepenthes gymnamphora. Type of pitcher Average volume (ml) Average pH Upper pitcher 22±13.5 5.8±1.6 Lower pitcher 16±9.4 5.7±0.9",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 59,
"width": 209,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prey Composition of Nepenthes gymnamphora Reinw. Ex Nees",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 776,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "118",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 187,
"top": 383,
"width": 36,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 383,
"width": 194,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prey compositions of Nepenthes gymnamphora",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 626,
"width": 484,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 2 Example of Nepenthes gymnamphora prey , (a) Order Balttodea scale 3 mm, (b) Hymenoptera scale 3 mm, (c) Diptera scale 2 mm, (d) Araneae scale 4 mm, (e) Sphaerotheriida scale 5 mm, (f) Isopods scale 3 mm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 661,
"width": 233,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prey composition of Nepenthes can be influenced by environmental conditions that affect insect diversity as well as field and Nepenthes conditions during sampling. Variations in prey composition can be influenced by pitcher age which affects trapping efficiency (Bauer et al. 2009). Another influence is the level of digestibility of prey in the pitcher. Some taxa of prey, especially small ones such as Diplura and Diptera,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 661,
"width": 233,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "will be difficult to identify if a sample of pitcher fluid is taken after secretion of digestive enzymes has occurred. The enzymes chitinase and protease secreted by Nepenthes can digest part or all of the body of these small organisms (Higashi et al. 1993).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 718,
"width": 233,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The composition of prey in the pitcher type is influenced by the structure of the pitcher. The upper and lower pitchers of N. gymnamphora have different",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 59,
"width": 191,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Konservasi Vol.27 No.3 Desember 2022: 116-120",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 776,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "119",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 96,
"width": 233,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "structures, especially in shape and color. The upper pitcher has a dominant color of green with a purplish red pattern with green or reddish lips, while the lower pitcher is predominantly purplish red with green lips. The contrast pattern in the upper pitcher of Nepenthes serves to attract insects that perceive light in the ultraviolet spectrum, especially flying insects (Moran et al. 1999; Baurer et al. 2009). An unattractive lower pitcher serves to reduce the risk of the overabundance of prey which can trigger pitcher rot and protection from herbivores (Moran 1996; Gilbert et al. 2018). Other factors for attracting prey include the diameter of the pitcher opening, the cone of the pitcher, aroma, nectar, and the structure of the pitcher’s lip which have not been studied much in N. gymnamphora (Bauer et al. 2009; Bauer et al. 2012; Gaume et al. 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 96,
"width": 234,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pitchers of N. gymnamphora are also a microhabitat for Diptera larvae, namely mosquitoes (Culicidae) and hoverflies (Syrphidae) (Figure 3). Most of the Diptera larvae live in the upper pitcher, namely 117 Culicidae larvae and 18 Syrphidae larvae, while 22 Culicidae larvae and 7 Syrphidae larvae are in the lower pitcher. Diptera larvae with Nepenthes are known to form a symbiotic mutualism. The role of Diptera larvae is to assist in the digestion of prey and nutrient sequestration in the Nepenthes gracilis (Lam et al. 2017) . Culicidae larvae as organic particle feeders and Syrphidae as scavengers and predators for Culicidae larvae help to decompose the prey of Nepenthes more quickly (Mogi and Yong 1992; Adlassnig et al. 2011; Lam et al. 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 441,
"width": 484,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 3 Diptera larvae living in the pitcher of Nepenthes gymnamphora, (a) Syrphidae larvae scale 2 mm, (b) Larvae of Culicidae scale 2 mm, (c) Pupae Culicidae scale 3 mm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 480,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 500,
"width": 233,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The prey of N. gymnamphora is dominated by invertebrates from the orders of Hymenoptera, Blattodea, Diptera, Araneae, and Diplura. The upper and lower pitchers of N. gymnamphora have different tendencies in trapping prey due to the effect of pitcher dimorphism. The types of prey that can fly tend to be trapped in the upper pitcher. While the bottom pitcher tends to trap terrestrial invertebrates. In addition, the pitcher of N. gymnamphora is also a microhabitat for larvae of Culicidae and Syrphidae with a symbiotic mutualism relationship.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 645,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 665,
"width": 233,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adlassnig W, Peroutka M, Lendl T. 2011. Traps of carnivorous pitcher plants as a habitat: Composition of the fluid, biodiversity and mutualistic activities. Ann Bot . 107(2):181–194. doi:10.1093/aob/mcq238. Batoro J, Wartono A. 2017. Review Status the Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Java, Indonesia. Indian J Plant Sci .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 734,
"width": 219,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6(1):12–16. http://www.neppy.ru/sites/default/files/java.pdf.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 471,
"width": 233,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bauer U, Clemente CJ, Renner T, Federle W. 2012.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 482,
"width": 220,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Form follows function: Morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. J Evol Biol . 25(1):90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 528,
"width": 233,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bauer U, Willmes C, Federle W. 2009. Effect of pitcher age on trapping efficiency and natural prey capture in carnivorous Nepenthes rafflesiana plants. Ann Bot . 103(8):1219–1226. doi:10.1093/aob/mcp065.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 574,
"width": 233,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Chin L, Chung AYC, Clarke C. 2014. Interspecific variation in prey capture behavior by co-occurring Nepenthes pitcher plants: Evidence for resource partitioning or sampling-scheme artifacts? Plant Signal Behav . 9 JAN:37–41. doi:10.4161/psb.27930. Clarke C, Moran JA. 2016. Climate, soils and vicariance - their roles in shaping the diversity and distribution of Nepenthes in Southeast Asia. Plant Soil . 403(1– 2):37–51. doi:10.1007/s11104-015-2696-x.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 677,
"width": 233,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gaume L, Bazile V, Huguin M, Bonhomme V. 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 689,
"width": 233,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Different pitcher shapes and trapping syndromes explain resource partitioning in Nepenthes species. Ecol Evol . 6(5):1378–1392. doi:10.1002/ece3.1920. Gilbert KJ, Nitta JH, Talavera G, Pierce NE. 2018.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 735,
"width": 219,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keeping an eye on coloration: Ecological correlates of the evolution of pitcher traits in the genus",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 59,
"width": 209,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prey Composition of Nepenthes gymnamphora Reinw. Ex Nees",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 776,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "120",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 88,
"width": 233,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nepenthes (Caryophyllales). Biol J Linn Soc . 123(2):321–337. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blx142. Higashi S, Nakashima A, Ozaki H, Abe M, Uchiumi T. 1993. Analysis of feeding mechanism in a pitcher of Nepenthes hybrida . J Plant Res . 106(1):47–54. doi:10.1007/BF02344372.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 157,
"width": 233,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Iqbal M. 2015. Karakterisasi morfologis dan molekular kantong semar ( Nepenthes spp.) di Gunung Prau dan Kembang, Jawa Tengah [thesis]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 203,
"width": 233,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lam WN, Chong KY, Anand GS, Wah Tan HT. 2017. Dipteran larvae and microbes facilitate nutrient sequestration in the Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plant host. Biol Lett . 13(3). doi:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0928. Lam WN, Chou YY, Leong FWS, Tan HTW. 2019. Inquiline predator increases nutrient-cycling efficiency of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers. Biol Lett . 15(12). doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0691.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 295,
"width": 234,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mansur M. 2012. Laju Penyerapan CO2 pada Kantong Semar ( Nepenthes gymnamphora Nees ). J Tek Lingkung . 13(1):59–65.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 329,
"width": 233,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mayangsari R, Susanto AH. Yuniaty A. 2017. Profil RAPD tanaman kantung semar beberapa koleksi Kebun Raya Baturraden. Biosfera. 34(2):89-97. DOI: 10.20884/1.mib.2017.34.2.484.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 375,
"width": 234,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maysarah. 2016. Autekologi Nepenthes ampullaria Jack. di Cagar Alam Mandor Kalimantan Barat [thesis]. Bogor: Institut Petanian Bogor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 410,
"width": 233,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mogi M, Yong HS. 1992. Aquatic arthropod communities in Nepenthes pitchers: the role of niche differentiation, aggregation, predation and competition in community organization. Oecologia . 90(2):172–184. doi:10.1007/BF00317174.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 467,
"width": 233,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moran JA. 1996. Pitcher dimorphism, prey composition and the mechanisms of prey attraction in the pitcher plant Nepenthes rafflesiana in Borneo. J Ecol . 84(4):515. doi:10.2307/2261474.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 88,
"width": 233,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moran JA, Booth WE, Charles JK. 1999. Aspects of pitcher morphology and spectral characteristics of six Bornean Nepenthes pitcher plant species:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 122,
"width": 219,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implications for prey capture. Annals of Botany . 83(5):521-528.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 145,
"width": 234,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moran JA, Clarke CM. 2010. The carnivorous syndrome in Nepenthes pitcher plants: Current state of knowledge and potential future directions. Plant Signal Behav . 5(6):644–648. doi:10.4161/psb.5.6.11238.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 203,
"width": 233,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moran JA, Gray LK, Clarke C, Chin L. 2013. Capture mechanism in Palaeotropical pitcher plants (Nepenthaceae) is constrained by climate. Ann Bot . 112(7):1279–1291. doi:10.1093/aob/mct195.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 247,
"width": 233,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pavlovič A. 2012. Adaptive radiation with regard to nutrient sequestration strategies in the carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes . Plant Signal Behav . 7(2):295–297. doi:10.4161/psb.18842.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 295,
"width": 233,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rangkuti A, Firdaus N, Rachmawati D. 2015. Studi komposisi serangga yang terperangkap kantong semar ( Nepenthes gymnamphora ) di Gunung Aseupan, Pandeglang, Banten. Di dalam: Setyawan AD, Ridwan M, Lestari DF, Pamungkas DW, Kharismamurti K, Romadhon MA, Liza N, editor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 364,
"width": 219,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiverstias Indonesia; 2015 Jun 13, Bandung, Indonesia. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret. pg. 91-135. [No abstr unkown].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 410,
"width": 233,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siegara A, Yogiara Y. 2009. Bacterial Community Profiles in the Fluid of Four Pitcher Plant Species ( Nepenthes spp.) Grown in a Nursery. Microbiol Indones . 3(3):109–114. doi:10.5454/mi.3.3.3.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 456,
"width": 234,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Syamsul H, Puspitaningtyas DM, Hartini S, Munawaroh E, Astuti IP, Wawangningrum. 2017. Eksplorasi Flora: 25 Tahun Menjelajah Rimba Nusantara. Jakarta: LIPI Press.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
4278af74-4eb5-278c-2b9b-a90bac1bc1c7 | http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/ENTHALPY/article/download/19373/12355 | [
{
"left": 259,
"top": 36,
"width": 282,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ETHALPY: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin Vol. 6 (2), Juni 2021 : 35-41",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 784,
"width": 467,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisa Pengaruh Kuat Arus Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Bending Sambungan Las Kampuh V Menggunakan Las SMAW Dengan Elektroda E6013 Pada Pengelasan Baja Karbon Rendah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 794,
"width": 11,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "35",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 171,
"width": 462,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisa Pengaruh Kuat Arus Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Bending Sambungan Las Kampuh V Menggunakan Las SMAW Dengan Elektroda E6013 Pada Pengelasan Baja Karbon Rendah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 235,
"top": 235,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ridwan 1) , Abd. Kadir 2) , Aminur 3)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 253,
"width": 323,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "¹ ) Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Halu Oleo ²ʾ³ ) Dosen Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Halu Oleo Jl. H.E.A Makadompit, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridarma Andounohu, Kendari 93232",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 291,
"width": 454,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Email: [email protected] Article Info Abstrak Available online July 10, 2021 Kuat arus pada pengelasan merupakan suatu hal yang selalu menjadi permasalahan dalam proses pengelasan. Arus yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penembusan pada material yang dilas, sebaliknya arus las yang rendah menimbulkan penetrasi yang dangkal. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kuat arus terhadap kekuatan tarik dan bending sambungan las kampuh V menggunakan las SMAW dengan elektroda E6013 pada pengelasan baja karbon rendah. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan membuat kampuh pada plat baja dengan sudut 60 derajat lalu kemudian dilas dengan arus yang berbeda. Arus yang digunakan 70, 90, 110 amper dengan diameter elektroda 2,6 mm. Sampel yang telah dilas kemudian dibentuk menjadi spesimen uji tarik dan uji bending. Hasil penelitian didapatkan tegangan tarik rata-rata tertinggi 518,310 MPa pada arus pengelasan 110 amper. Regangan tarik rata-rata tertinggi 34,00% pada arus pengelasan 70 amper. Modulus elstis rata-rata tertinggi 0,01864 GPa pada arus pengelasan 110 amper. Untuk pengujian bending pada arus 70 amper, spesimen fb1 terdapat retakan pada daerah logam las dengan panjang retak 1,00 mm dan spesimen fb2 terdapat retak 0,50 mm, sedangkan arus 90 amper spesimen fb1 terdapat retak 1,00 mm, dan spesimen fb2 terdapat retak 0,50 mm. Arus 110 amper spesimen fb1 terdapat retak 4,70 mm, dan spesimen fb2 terdapat retak 3,00 mm. Dari hasil penelitian maka arus pengelasan yang baik untuk plat ketebalan 7,5 mm dengan elektroda E6013 diameter 2,6 mm yaitu pada arus 90 amper.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 534,
"width": 195,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci : Pengelasan, SMAW, uji tarik, uji bending.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 551,
"width": 39,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 574,
"width": 347,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Strong current in welding is something that has always been a problem in the welding process. High currents can cause penetration of the welded material, whereas low currents can cause shallow penetration. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of current on the tensile and bending strength of V seam welded joints using SMAW welding with E6013 electrodes on low carbon steel welding. The research method used is to make a seam on a steel plate with an angle of 60 degrees and then weld it with a different current. The current used is 70, 90, 110 amperes with an electrode diameter of 2.6 mm. The samples that have been welded are then formed into tensile and bending test specimens. The results showed that the highest average tensile stress was 518.310 MPa at a welding current of 110 amperes. The highest average tensile strain is 34.00% at a welding current of 70 amperes. The highest average elastic modulus is 0.01864 GPa at a welding current of 110 amperes. For bending testing at 70 amperes, the fb1 specimen has cracks in the weld metal area with a crack length of 1.00 mm and the fb2 specimen has 0.50 mm cracks, while the 90 amperes fb1 specimen has 1.00 mm cracks, and fb2 specimens have 0.50mm crack. Current 110 amperes fb1 specimen has a crack of 4.70 mm, and fb2 specimen has a crack of 3.00 mm. From the results of the study, a good welding current for a plate with a thickness of 7.5 mm with an E6013 electrode with a diameter of 2.6 mm is at a current of 90 amperes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 767,
"width": 199,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Welding, SMAW, tensile test, bending test.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 95,
"width": 230,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ENTHALPY: JurnalIlmiahMahasiswa Teknik Mesin",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 120,
"width": 254,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage: http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/ENTHALPY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 36,
"width": 112,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ridwan, Abd. Kadir, Aminur",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 798,
"width": 469,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "36 Analisa Pengaruh Kuat Arus Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Bending Sambungan Las Kampuh V Menggunakan Las SMAW Dengan Elektroda E6013 Pada Pengelasan Baja Karbon Rendah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 57,
"width": 5,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ".",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 78,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 97,
"width": 229,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengelasan merupakan suatu pekerjaan yang paling sering digunakan dalam dunia konstruksi dan industri. Proses pengelasan sering digunakan dalam pembuatan konstruksi untuk perbaikan dan pemeliharaan, baik sebagai proses penambalan lubang pada logam, penyambungan logam, maupun pemotong logam pada pengelasan yang sering digunakan Las ( welding ) adalah suatu aktivitas dua bagian benda dengan cara memanaskan atau menekan gabungan keduanya sedemikian rupa sehingga menyatu seperti benda utu penyambungan bisa dengan tanpa bahan tambah ( fillet material ) yang sama atau berbeda titik cair maupun strukturnya. Pada konstruksi yang menggunakan bahan baku logam, hampir sebagian besar bahan sambunganya dikerjakan dengan cara pengelasan. Hal itu disebabkan dengan cara pengelasan dapat diperoleh sambungan yang lebih kuat dan lebih ringan dibanding dengan proses keling atau dengan yang lainnya selain itu proses pembuatannya lebih sederhana (1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 379,
"width": 229,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada proses pengelasan berbagai permasalahan yang terjadi dikarenakan banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil pengelasan, melalui kegiatan penelitian ini dapat menjadi salah satu sarana memperdalam wawasan mahasiswa tetantang ilmu teknologi pengetahuan pengelasan bahan dan serta dijadikan sumber acuan dan informasi bagi juru las untuk menentukan variasi arus yang tepat agar menghasilkan kualitas lasan yang baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 519,
"width": 132,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Masukan panas ( Heat Input )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 539,
"width": 229,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Heat Input pada las sangat mempengaruhi struktur fase, ketangguhan laju pendinginan serta distorsi. Kompisisi kimia pada weld zoe (wz) dan level heat input secara langsung berakibat pada struktru mikro dan ketangguhan las, Heat input akan mempengaruhi laju pendinginan las, yang berakibat pada perubahan struktur mikro pada las para meterlas heat input dan variabel gas pelindung akan berakibat pada perubahan struktur mikro, morfologi dendrite dan struktur tekstur las yang berakibat pada ketangguhan Cryogenic sambungan las. Perencanaan las salah satunya adalah pengaturan Heat Input dapat dilakukan dengan mengatur arus Voltase atau mengatur kecepatan pengelasan. (2)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 741,
"width": 229,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Heat Input arus energi panas tiap satuan panjang las saat menerima panas dengan persamaan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 70,
"width": 224,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H = p v = ε I v (1)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 96,
"width": 154,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dimana : p = tenaga input (watt) ε = Potensial listrik (volt) I = arus listrik (ampere) V = kecepatan las (m/s)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 170,
"width": 77,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Elektroda E6013",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 189,
"width": 229,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jenis Elektroda E6013 mempunyai kandungan kalium titanium yang lebih tinggi dengan kekuatan tarik 47,1 kh/mm 2 , kekuatan luluh 38,7 kg/mm2, berdiameter 2,6 umumnya dapat dipakai pada ampere yang relatif tinggi atau rendah sangat baik digunakan pada mesin SMAW dengan arus boalk balik AC. Pemilihan elektroda dengan kandungan kimia yang sesuai untuk pengelasan akan memperlambat terjadinya korosi, sehingga akan memperkecil biaya perawatan (3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 329,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Arus Pengelasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 349,
"width": 229,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Arus pengelasan adalah besarnya aliran listrik yang keluar dari mesin las disebut dengan arus pengelasan. Arus las harus disesuaikan dengan jenis bahan dan diameter elektroda yang digunakan dalam pengelasan. (4) Makin tinggi arus las makin besar penembusan dan kecepatan pencairannya. Besar arus pada pengelasan mempengaruhi hasil las bila arus terlalu rendah maka perpindahan cairan dari ujung elektroda yang digunakan sangat sulit dan busur listrik yang terjadi tidak stabil (5).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 502,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perubahan Sifat Logam Setelah Proses Las",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 522,
"width": 229,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Saat penyalaan busur listrik pencairan logam pengelasan menyebabkan perubahan fasa logam dari pada menjadi cair. Pada saat logam cair mulai membeku adanya pendinginan yang cepat, maka akan terjadi perubahan struktur mikro didalam deposif pendinginan logam dasar pada daerah HAZ. Struktur mikro dalam daerah HAZ terdapat perubahan yang sangat bervariasi, sedangkan dalam logam las biasanya terbentuk colmnar perubahan ini mengakibatkan perubahan sifat sifat sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 676,
"width": 95,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Baja Karbon Rendah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 695,
"width": 229,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Baja karbon rendah merupakan baja dengan kadar karbon 0,1% karbon dengan rentan terhadap korosi, sehingga penampilanya menjadi jelek, kotor, dan beruba warna. Agar penampilanya tetap menarik dilakukan pelapisan salah satu dilakukan proses elektoplating krom. Elektroplating (Cr)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 37,
"width": 282,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ETHALPY: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin Vol. 6 (2), Juni 2021 : 35-41",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 784,
"width": 467,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisa Pengaruh Kuat Arus Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Bending Sambungan Las Kampuh V Menggunakan Las SMAW Dengan Elektroda E6013 Pada Pengelasan Baja Karbon Rendah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 794,
"width": 11,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "37",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 229,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berfungsi untuk meningkatkan kekerasan permukaan dan menghambat serangan korosi akibat lingkungan. Elektroplating flash crome merupakan proses lapisan krom (Cr) dengan lapisan sangat tipis dan bertujuan untuk mengeraskan permukaan logam dasar (6).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 147,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kampuh V",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 166,
"width": 229,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kampuh V hasil penyambungan logam melalui pengelasan hendaknya menghasilkan sambungan yang berkualitas dari segi kekuatan dan lapisan las dari bahan atau logam yang dilas, dimana untuk menghasilkan sambungan las yang berkualitas kedua ujung/bidang atau bagian logam yang akan dilas perlu diberikan suatu bentuk kampuh las tertentu. Kampuh V dipergunakan untuk penyambungan logam /plat yang tebalnya antar 3,5-10 mm, dengan sudut kampuh 60 0 -80 0 mm, dan arak celah kampuh sekitar ½ mm. Pada waktu pengelasan kampuh V diberi plat penahan cairan sepanjang kampuh yang gunanya untuk mencegah cairan bertumpuk dan plat penahan tersebut dapat dibuka bila diperlukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 489,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Kampuh V",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 509,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengujian Tarik ( Tensile test )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 528,
"width": 229,
"height": 253,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji tarik untuk mengetahui sifat mekanis lagam, uji tarik merupakan penguian bahan yang paling mendasar. Prinsip pengujian tarik adalah dimana benda uji dicekam pada mesin uji tarik sedemikian rupa kemudian diberi beban tarik sehingga mengalami pertambahan panjang sampai benda uji patah. Pada mula-nya benda ui mengalami pertambahan panjang elastis seperti pegas, dimana jika beban tarik dihilangkan akan kembali pada panjang mula-mula. Pertambahan panjang elastis ini relatif sangat kecil. Pada beban tarik yang besar perpanjangan elastis akan beruba menjadi plastis (tetap). Jika beban dihilangkan akan kembali sedikit (Bagian elastis), tetapi panjangnya lebih besar dari Lₒ dengan penambahan be ban tarik, pada suatu tempat akan terjadi pengecilan diameter dan luas penampang setempat yang disebu neck-ing pada tempat ini benda uji akan patah (7). Spesimen uji tarik mengacu pada standar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 60,
"width": 229,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "uji Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI), dimensi spesimen pengujian kekuatan tarik dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 361,
"top": 166,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 2. Spesimen uji tarik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 185,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengujian Bending",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 205,
"width": 229,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengujian bending merupakan salah satu pengujian sifat mekanik bahan yang dilakukan terhadap spesimen dari bahan baik bahan yang akan digunakan sebagai konstruksi atau komponen yang akan menerima pembebanan lengkung maupun proses pelengkungan dalam pembentukan. Dalam proses penguian lengkung yang dilakukan terhadap material sebagai bahan teknik memiliki tujuan pengujian yang berbeda tergantung kebutuhannya. (8) Pengujian bending bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya kekuatan lentur secara perlahan lahan sampai spesimen mencapai titik lelah. Pembuatan spesimen uji bending mengacu pada standar Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 353,
"top": 476,
"width": 147,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 3. Spesimen uji bending",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 495,
"width": 101,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 515,
"width": 229,
"height": 266,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi mekanik Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Halu Oleo. Peralatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian antara lain mesin las Shiel Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), helem las, apron , tang, sikat las, palu terak, meja las, mesin gurinda. Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan yakni plat baja karbon renda, elektroda atau kawat las seri AWSE6013 dengan diameter 2,6 mm, selanjutnya pengujian komposisi dilakulan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia. Prosedur penelitian dimulai dengan pembuatan kampuh V dengan menggunakan gerinda yang kedua ujung sisi dibevel 60 0 , untuk pengujian tarik dengan ukuran panjang 350 mm lebar 12 mm, tebal 7,5 mm sebanyak 6 sampel untuk arus 70 amper 2 sampel, 90 amper 2 sampel dan 110 amper 2 sampel, selanjutnya dilakukan proses pengelasan welding sesuai dengan standar yang ditentukan, menggunakan arus 70 amper, 90 amper, 110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 38,
"width": 112,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ridwan, Abd. Kadir, Aminur",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 798,
"width": 469,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "38 Analisa Pengaruh Kuat Arus Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Bending Sambungan Las Kampuh V Menggunakan Las SMAW Dengan Elektroda E6013 Pada Pengelasan Baja Karbon Rendah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 59,
"width": 229,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "amper. Pengujian tarik memiliki ukuran dan bentuk yang telah ditentukan oleh standar uji Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 99,
"width": 229,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk pengujian bending dengan ukuran panjang 250 mm lebar 20 mm tebal 7,5 mm sebanyak 6 sampel masing-masing arus 2 sampel. Tes ini menggunakan posisi face bending sesuai standar yang digunakan yaitu Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 186,
"width": 111,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Hasil dan Pebahasan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 205,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji Tarik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 225,
"width": 229,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengamatan perhitungan rata-rata pada pengujian tarik tengan, regangan, dan modulus elastis menggunakan arus 70 amper, 90 amper, 110 amper. Dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1 berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 284,
"width": 205,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Hasil perhitungan penguian rata-rata",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 301,
"width": 209,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Arus pengelasan Tegangan (MPa) Regangan (%) Modulus Elastis (GPa) 70 A 461.250 34.00 0.01363 90 A 493.669 30.75 0.01669 110 A 518.310 27.97 0.01864",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 395,
"width": 229,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1, menunukan hasil dari pengujian tarik rata-rata pada pengelasan arus 70 amper nilai tegangan tarik yaitu (σ) = 461.250 MPa, nilai regangan (ε) = 34.00%, nilai modulus elastis E = 0.01363 GPa. Untuk pengelasan arus 90 amper nilai tegangan yaitu (σ) = 493.669 MPa, nilai regangan (ε) = 30.75%, modulus elastis dengan nilai E = 0,01669 GPa. Dan untuk pengelasan arus 110 amper nilai tegangan (σ) = 518.310 GPa, nilai regangan ε) = 27.97% sedangkan nilai mod ulus elastis E = 0.01864 GPa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 542,
"width": 229,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengamatan perbedaan besaran nilai rat-rata tegangan tarik pada masing masing arus pengelasan, dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 737,
"width": 146,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 4. Grafik tegangan tarik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 59,
"width": 230,
"height": 414,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 4, menunjukan bahwa tegangan tarik rata-rata tertinggi yaitu pada arus 110 amper nilai tegangan tariknya yaitu 518.310 MPa, dan tegangan tarik rata-rata terkecil pada arus 70 amper nilai tegangan tariknya yaitu 461.250 MPa. Dari hasil pengujian tegangan tarik diperoleh baha kekuatan tarik tertinggi disebabkan pada arus 70 amper penyalaan busur listrik tidak stabil sehingga panas yang dihasilkan tidak cukup untuk melelehkan elektroda serta pentrasi yang dihasilkan kurang maksimal sehingga mengakibatkan kekuatan tariknya rendah. Sedangkan pada arus 110 amper memiliki nilai kekuatan tarik lebih tinggi, hal ini disebabkan karena pada arus 110 amper penyalaan busur listrik lebih stabil sehingga panas yang dihasilkan cukup melelehkan elektroda serta penetrasi yang dihasilkan lebih maksimal sehingga mengakibatkan kekuatan tariknya tinggi. Menurut Rudi siswanto, 2018, (9) dimana kurangnya fusi atau penetrasi merupakan cacat akibat diskontinuity yaitu bagian yang tidak menyatu logam induk dengan logam pengisi. Kurangnya penetrasi cacat ini tercadi karena logam tidak menembus sampai kedasar sambungan. Penetrasi kampuh yang tidak memadai ialah keadaan kedalaman las kurang dari tinggi arus yang ditetapkan. Cacat ini disebabkan karena perencanaan alur yang tidak sesuai dengan proses pengelasan yang dipilih, elektroda yang terlalu besar, arus listrik yang tidak memadai, atau laju pengelasan yang terlalu cepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 475,
"width": 229,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengamatan perbedaan besaran nilai rata-rata regangan tarik pada masing-masing arus pengelasan, dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 662,
"width": 146,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 5. Grafik regangan tarik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 689,
"width": 229,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 5, menunjukan baha regangan rata-rata tertinggi terdapat pada arus pengelasan 70 amper yang dimana nilai regangannya yaitu 34.00%. Sedangkan nilai regangan rata-rata terkecil pada arus 110 amper dengan nilai 27.97%. Dari hasil pengujian regangan diperoleh bahwa kekuatan tarik tertinggi pada arus",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 534,
"width": 390,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "461,250 493.669 518,310 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 70 90 110 Te ga ng an Ta ri k (M P a) Kuat Arus (Amper) 34,00 30.75 27.97 0 10 20 30 40 70 90 110 Re ga n ga n ( % )",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 634,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kuat Arus (Amper)",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 37,
"width": 282,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ETHALPY: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin Vol. 6 (2), Juni 2021 : 35-41",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 784,
"width": 467,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisa Pengaruh Kuat Arus Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Bending Sambungan Las Kampuh V Menggunakan Las SMAW Dengan Elektroda E6013 Pada Pengelasan Baja Karbon Rendah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 794,
"width": 11,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "39",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 229,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "70 amper dan yang terendah pada arus 110 amper. Hal ini disebabkan pada arus 110 amper suhu panas yang dihasilkan pada daerah HAZ lebih tinggi sehingga mengakibatkan spesimen getas, tidak tangguh sehingga nilai regangannya rendah. Arus 70 amper memiliki nilai regangan tinggi, hal ini disebabkan karena pengelasan arus 70 amper suhu panas pada daerah Heat Affected zone lebih rendah sehingga menyebabkan spesimen menjadi ulet. Hal ini dibuktikan penelitian sebelumnya dimana bertambahnya kuat arus sambungan lasan semakin menurun hal ini disebabkan karena masukan panas yang berlebih sehingga pencairan logam las yang besar dan menjadi getas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 248,
"width": 229,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengamtan perbedaan besaran nilai rata-rata modulus elastis pada masing-masing arus pengelasan, dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 445,
"width": 151,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 6. Grafik modulus elastis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 472,
"width": 229,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 6, menunjukan bahwa modulus elastis rata-rata tertinggi yaitu pada arus pengelasan 110 amper dimana nilainya yaitu 0.01864 GPa, sedangkan modulus elastis rata-rata terkecil pada arus 70 amper dimana nilai modulusnya yaitu 0.01363 GPa. Adapun nilai modulus elastis arus pengelasan 110 amper lebih tinggi hal ini disebabkan araus pengelasan 110 amper lebih getas dan arus pengelasan lebih ulet dimana ketika modulus elastisnya suatu benda getas maka nilai elastisnya tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 626,
"width": 76,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji Face Bending",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 645,
"width": 229,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengujian face bending pada sudut lengkung 180 o dengan menggunakan arus pengelasan 70 amper, 90 amper, 110 amper. Dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 699,
"width": 215,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hasil pengujian face bending Sudut lengkung 180 0 Diameter lengkung 30 0 Arus pengela- san Kode Jenis Diskonti y-uitas Ukuran Keteran-gan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 60,
"width": 204,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "70 A Fb1 Open 1.00 Accepted Fb2 Open 0.50 Accepted 90 A Fb1 Open 1.00 Accepted Fb2 Open 0.50 Accepted 110 A Fb1 Open 4.70 Rejected Fb2 Open 3.00 Rejected",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 148,
"width": 229,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2, menunjukan hasil dari pengujian face bending pada pengelasan dengan arus pengelasan 70, 90, dan 110 amper dengan pembebanan 10 ton, sudut lengkung 180 0 dan diameter sudut 30 0 . Hasil pengujian face bending arus pengelasan 70 amper dengan pembebanan 10 ton sudut lengkung 180 0 dan diameter lengkung 30 0 , dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 373,
"width": 224,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 7. Hasil pengujian face bending arus 70 A",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 400,
"width": 230,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 7, menunjukan bahwa pada pengujian pada spesimen beding ini menggunakan posisi face beding. Tes ini terdapat retakan untuk spesimen fb1 pada daerah logam las dangan panjang retak 1.00 mm sedangkan untuk spesimen fb2 dengan panjang retak 0.50 mm. Hal ini diduga karena besi masih bisa menahan beban. Oleh karena itu kedua spesimen ini berdasarkan standar uji Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) cacat ini masih diterima berdasarkan aspek kriteria retak yang diizinkan ( accepted ). Hal ini dibuktikan penelitian sebelumnya dimana elektroda pada besi tuang kelabu bisa mengikat dengan baik dan posisi penyambungan luas penampang longitudinal las bisa menyatu dengan baik. (10).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 601,
"width": 229,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengujian bending arus pengelasan 90 amper dengan pembebanan 10 ton sudut lengkung 180 0 dan diameter lengkung 130 0 , dapat dilihapat pada gambar berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 755,
"width": 224,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 8. Hasil pengujian face bending arus 90 A",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 304,
"width": 156,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0.01363 0.01669 0.01864 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 70 90 110 M u d u lu s E la st is (GP a ) Kuat Arus (Amper)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 38,
"width": 112,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ridwan, Abd. Kadir, Aminur",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 798,
"width": 469,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "40 Analisa Pengaruh Kuat Arus Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Bending Sambungan Las Kampuh V Menggunakan Las SMAW Dengan Elektroda E6013 Pada Pengelasan Baja Karbon Rendah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 59,
"width": 229,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 8, menunjukan bahwa pada arus 90 amper pengujian pada spesimen bending ini menggunakan posisi face bending . Pada spesimen fb1 terdapat retak terbuka atau open crack pada daerah logam las dengan nilai retak 1.00 mm dan spesimen fb 2 terdapat retak dengan panjang retak 0.50 mm. Oleh karena itu kedua spesimen dinyatakan accepted karena retak tidak melebihi kriteria yang terdapat dalam Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 193,
"width": 229,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengujian face bending arus 110 amper dengan pembebanan 10 ton diameter lengkung 180 0 dan diamter lengkung 130 0 , dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 359,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 9. Hasil pengujian face bend arus 110 A",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 386,
"width": 229,
"height": 293,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 9, menunjukan bahwa pengelasan arus 110 amper pada penhujian spesimen bending ini menggunakan posisi face bending dari pengujian ini spesimen fb1 mengalami diskontyyuitas open (terbuka) atau cacat crack didaerah logam las yang panjang retaknya 4.70 mm untuk spesimen fb 2 dengan panjang retak 3.00 mm. Hal ini diduga spesimen banyak mengalami porositas serta kurangnya luas penampang mempengaruhi elektroda dan besi tidak dapat mengikat dengan baik, untuk kedua spesimen ini dinyatakan rejectedd karena ukuran cacat melebihi aspek kriteria retak yang diizinkan pada standar uji Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI). Penyebap cacat las under cup dikarenakan arus pengelasan yang digunakan terlalu besar, kecepatan las terlalu tinggi, panjang busur las terlalu tinggi, posisi elektroda kurang tepat, ayunan tangan tangan kurang merata. Cacat porositas adalah sebuah cacat pengelasan yang berupa sebuah lubang- lubang kecil pada weld material (logam las), dapat berada pada permukaan maupun didalamnya. (11)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 688,
"width": 70,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 707,
"width": 229,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka disimpulkan bahwa tegangan tarik rata-rata dari ketiga variasi pada arus pengelasan 110 amper yang dimna nialai tegangan tariknya yaitu (σ) = 518.310 MPa, regangan (ε) = 27.97 % modulus",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 59,
"width": 229,
"height": 253,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "elastis (E) = 0.01864, GPa, untuk arus pengelasan 90 amper yang dimana nilai tegangan tariknya yaitu (σ) = 493.669 MPa, regangan tarik (ε) =493.669 MPa, regangan (ε) = 30.75 %, modulus elastis (E) = 0.01669 GPa, sedangkan arus pengelasan 70 amper dimana nilai tegangan tariknya yaitu (σ) = 461.250 MPa, regangan (ε) = 34.00%, modulus elastis E = 0.01363 GPa. Didapatkan nilai pengujian face bend dengan pembebanan 10 ton dengan sudut lengkung 180 0 dan diameter sudut 30 0 maka yang mengalami keretakan yang paling panjang terjadi pada arus 110 amper untuk spesimen fb1 dengan nilai yaitu 4.70 mm dan spesimen fb dengan panjang retak 3.00 mm, sedangkan arus 70 nilai retakannya sama yaitu 1,00 mm dan 0.50 mm. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan maka arus pengelasan yang baik digunakan untuk plat ketebalan 7.5 mm dengan elektroda E6013 yang berdiameter 2,6 mm yaitu pada arus 90 amper.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 320,
"width": 70,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 353,
"width": 231,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1] Arif Yunianto, Aditya Rusmawan . Teknik pengelasan busur manual . Jakarta : PT Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia , Jakarta : 2018.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 407,
"width": 229,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[2] Heri Wibowo, M. Noer Ilman, Priyono Tri Iswanto. Analisa Heat Input Pengelasan Terhadap Distorsi, Struktur Mikro dan Kekuatan Mekanis Baja A36, Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin. Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 5-12, 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 474,
"width": 229,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[3] Gita Anggaretno, Imam Rochani, Heri Supomo. Analisa pengaruh Jenis Elektroda Terhadap Laju Korosi pada Pengelasan Pipa API 5L Grade X65 dengan Media Korosi FeCI3. Jurnal Teknik ITS. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 125-128, September 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 554,
"width": 229,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[4] Weldi Susanto, Kadir, Abd. Kadir. Analisa Pengaruh Variasi Media Pendingin Terhadap kekerasan dan Kekuatan Tarik Sambungan Las Menggunakan Pola Ayunan Melingkar pada Baja Karbon Sedang. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin . Vol. 5, No 2, pp. 40-44. Juni 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 635,
"width": 229,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[5] Arham, Yusril. Pengaruh Jenis Kampuh V dan X Terhadap Struktur Mikro dan Kekuatan Impak pada pengelasan Baja Karbon. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin. Vol. 2. No 2, pp. 8- 12, 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 702,
"width": 229,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[6] Agustinus Ngatin, Yunus Tonapa, Risma Regiyanti, RA Karomi. Elektroplating Flash Chrome pada baja karbon rendah, Departemen Teknik Kimia, Poli Teknik Negeri Bandung, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kimia UNY , pp. 269-277, 2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 37,
"width": 282,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ETHALPY: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin Vol. 6 (2), Juni 2021 : 35-41",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 784,
"width": 467,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisa Pengaruh Kuat Arus Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Dan Bending Sambungan Las Kampuh V Menggunakan Las SMAW Dengan Elektroda E6013 Pada Pengelasan Baja Karbon Rendah",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 794,
"width": 11,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 229,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[7] Moh. Tamrin, Achmad Sjaufullah, Umi Anis Ro'",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 74,
"width": 208,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isatin. POLINEMAPRES 98 : Karya Ilmiah Politeknik Negeri Malang, ISBN : 978-602 - 5952-11-1. 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 120,
"width": 232,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8. Amir Arifin, M Hendrianto. Pengaruh Arus Dan Jarak Kampuh Pengelasan Terhadap Distorsi Sambungan Pelat Baja Karbon Rendah Dengan Menggunakan SMAW. 2018, Jurnal Teknik Mesin UNTIRTA . Vol. 4, No 1, pp. 20-25,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 187,
"width": 27,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 207,
"width": 229,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9. Rudi Siswanto. Teknologi Pengelasan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 220,
"width": 208,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(HMKB791), Program studi Teknik Mesin,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 233,
"width": 208,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Lambung",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 247,
"width": 83,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mangkurat. 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 266,
"width": 236,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10. Ilham Nurdiansyah, Suriansyah, Naif Fuhaid Analisa tekuk pada akar las (Root Bend) dan tekuk pada permukaan las (Face Bend) longitudinal besi tuang kelabu pada proses pengelasan terhadap pengujian tekuk (Bending). Jurnal Widya Teknika , Vol. 24, pp.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 347,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "36-42, 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 366,
"width": 229,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "11. Achamadi. Macam macam cacat las dan penyebab serta cara mengatasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 393,
"width": 202,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengelasan.net. httpas://www.pengelasan.ne t/cacat-las/, 2019. (1 Juli 2021).",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
48b7a30a-f44a-7358-aa56-7bc765791e04 | https://e-jurnal.pnl.ac.id/vokasi/article/download/3061/2543 | [
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 270,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Vokasi, Vol. 6 No.2 Juli 2022 ISSN : 2548-9410 (Cetak) | ISSN : 2548-4117 (Online) Jurnal hasil-hasil Penerapan IPTEKS dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 782,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "158",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 75,
"width": 373,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENGUATAN KETERAMPILAN GURU DALAM MERANCANG E-MODUL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 87,
"width": 323,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PEMBELAJARAN PADA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN NEGERI 4 KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 123,
"width": 394,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siraj 1* , Abubakar Dabet 2 , Muhammad Yusuf 3 , Ferri Safriwardy 4 , Marwan 5 , Iis Marsithah 6 , Muhammad Hashemi Maulida 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 157,
"width": 330,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1*,2 Program Studi Pendidikan Vokasional Teknik Mesin Universitas Malikussaleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 169,
"width": 230,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3,4 Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Malikussaleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 180,
"width": 303,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5,6 Program Studi Magister Administrasi Pendidikan Universitas Al-Muslim",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 192,
"width": 382,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7 Mahasiswa Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 242,
"top": 203,
"width": 114,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "* Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 229,
"width": 38,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 251,
"width": 320,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Proses belajar mengajar selama masa dan pasca pandemi Covid-19 telah berakibat pada menurunnya kemampuan siswa dalam memahami materi sehingga diperlukan sebuah media pembelajaran inovatif yang dapat membantu siswa untuk belajar secara mandiri. Mitra dalam pengabdian pemberdayaan masyarakat ini adalah guru-guru SMK Negeri 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 309,
"width": 318,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lhokseumawe. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra saat ini adalah: 1) belum semua media pembelajaran yang digunakan guru bersifat inovatif; 2) minat membaca siswa masih rendah; dan 3) belum meratanya keterampilan guru dalam menyusun atau mengembangan modul pembelajaran menjadi e-modul; dan 4) guru masih berfokus menggunakan modul ajar cetak yang telah tersedia di perpustakaan sekolah. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penguatan keterampilan bagi guru dalam merancang dan mengembangkan e- modul pembelajaran. Pelatihan ini menggunakan pendekatan student centered learning dengan model project based learning . Hasil pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa guru mitra telah mampu menghasilkan produk berupa e- modul pembelajaran dengan kategori layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif. Peningkatan keterampilan guru terlihat dari kemampuan menyusun dan mengembangan bahan ajar menjadi e-modul berbasis software 3d pageflip professional https://bit.ly/3h4CvVm dan telah digunakan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar secara online .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 493,
"width": 192,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci: Keterampilan; Guru; E-modul .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 528,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 553,
"width": 418,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu faktor penting dalam usaha peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) adalah guru-guru berkompeten yang didukung dengan kemampuan merancang dan mengembangan media pembelajaran inovatif. Guru berperan dalam melakukan kesepakatan kelas, menggali potensi siswa, mencari jawaban atas fenomena di sekitar berdasarkan bukti, serta mengembangkan cara berpikir ilmiah. Hal tersebut tentunya berdasarkan tujuan instruksional SMK yang mengutamakan persiapan siswa dalam memasuki lapangan kerja serta mengembangkan sikap profesional. Untuk itu, guru SMK harus memiliki keterampilan yang memadai sehingga kegiatan belajar mengajar dapat berlangsung secara optimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 679,
"width": 419,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Proses belajar mengajar selama masa dan pasca pandemi Covid-19 telah berakibat pada menurunnya kemampuan siswa dalam memahami materi sehingga diperlukan sebuah media pembelajaran inovatif yang dapat membantu siswa untuk belajar secara mandiri. Melalui penggunaan media pembelajaran siswa ikut terlibat aktif menemukan pengetahuan- pengetahuan baru yang bersumber dari lingkungan sekitar mereka. Pada masa pandemi, pembelajaran secara daring sering menemui banyak kendala baik bagi siswa maupun guru, diantaranya berupa ketiadaan atau tidak memadainya fasilitas gawai, rendahnya pemahaman",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 251,
"width": 68,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "History Artikel Received : November-2021 Reviewed: November-2021 Accepted:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 320,
"width": 68,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "November-2021",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 331,
"width": 66,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Published: Juli-2022 - 03-2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 270,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Vokasi, Vol. 6 No.2 Juli 2022 ISSN : 2548-9410 (Cetak) | ISSN : 2548-4117 (Online) Jurnal hasil-hasil Penerapan IPTEKS dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 782,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "159",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 74,
"width": 418,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tentang media digital (Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi), dan keterbatasan sinyal. Mayoritas guru mengalami kesulitan untuk mengajar secara daring, karena belum mengerti metode pengajaran yang tepat dan efisien secara online [1], [2].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 125,
"width": 419,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu bentuk media pembelajaran yang banyak digunakan di sekolah adalah modul pembelajaran, namun selama ini modul tersebut berbentuk hard copy tanpa dilakukan pengembangan modul tersebut menjadi soft copy . Kegemaran siswa usia remaja dalam menggunakan gawai dapat dijadikan sarana bagi guru dalam meningkatkan partisipasi siswa dalam belajar. Hal ini menjadi potensi yang harus dimanfaatkan oleh guru dalam menyalurkan materi-materi pelajaran secara menarik, kreatif dan inovatif dalam bentuk e- modul . Namun kenyataan di lapangan, banyak guru yang belum bisa memanfaatkan teknologi ini secara maksimal. Hal ini menjadi dasar bahwa sangat diperlukan kegiatan pengembangan modul berbasis elektronik ( e-modul ) yang dapat dikemas dalam sebuah smartphone android sehingga dapat dibaca dimana saja [3].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 264,
"width": 419,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E-modul atau modul elektronik merupakan sebuah bahan ajar berupa modul yang berbasis elektronik yang dikemas secara digital. E-modul dalam penggunaanya merupakan bahan ajar secara mandiri yang didesain secara utuh dan sistematis dalam unit pembelajaran tertentu yang disajikan dalam format elektronik dimana dalam setiap proses pembelajaran nya terhubung dengan tautan ( link ) yang mampu membuat pembelajaran lebih interaktif yang dilengkapi audio, video dan animasi untuk memperkaya pengalaman belajar siswa. Bentuk e- modul merupakan software aplikasi yang digunakan untuk membuat e-Book . Software ini merupakan jenis perangkat lunak profesi halaman flip untuk mengkonversi file pdf ke halaman-balik publikasi digital. Melalui software ini dapat di tambahkan video, gambar, audio, hyperlink dan objek multimedia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 403,
"width": 419,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil studi pendahuluan dengan kepala sekolah dan guru di sekolah mitra ditemukan beberapa kendala dalam merancang ataupun mengembangan e-modul pembelajaran, diantaranya: 1) belum semua media pembelajaran yang digunakan guru bersifat inovatif; 2) minat membaca siswa masih rendah; dan 3) belum meratanya keterampilan guru dalam menyusun atau mengembangan modul pembelajaran menjadi e-modul; dan 4) guru masih berfokus menggunakan modul ajar cetak yang telah tersedia di perpustakaan sekolah. Berdasarkan justifikasi kendala di atas, maka para guru mitra ingin menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam menyusun dan mengembangankan e-modul pembelajaran melalui kegiatan pelatihan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 530,
"width": 419,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebagaimana hasil riset sebelumnya ditemukan bahwa upaya peningkatan profesionalisme guru SMK dapat dilakukan melalui model peningkatan kapasitas, melalui kegiatan pembentukan komunitas pembelajar, swadidik virtual , tulisan, kelompok pengembangan yang kritis, pendampingan sejawat, pertukaran guru, studi lanjut, penelitian tindakan berjamaah, konferensi dan seminar, serta pelatihan berkelanjutan [4]. Kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan workshop atau pelatihan akan mempengaruhi kualitas pendidik atau guru dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran [5]. Melalui kegiatan workshop atau pelatihan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan, dan keterampilan guru [6]. Sehingga pada akhirnya dapat menciptakan guru sebagai tenaga profesional dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Guru profesional yang mengacu pada sikap terhadap profesi dengan tingkat pengetahuan dan keahlian yang mereka miliki dalam melaksanakan tugas dan tanggungjawabnya sebagai guru [7]. Berdasarkan hasil diskusi dengan mitra, maka solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan mitra dilakukan dengan pelatihan dan pendampingan penguatan kapasitas profesionalisme guru Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan. Sebagaimana kegiatan yang telah dilakukan kegiaatan pengabdian pemberdayaan masyarakat bahwa pelaksanaan pelatihan dan pendampingan yang dilakukan secara komprehensif dengan melibatkan guru telah berhasil meningkatnya pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan keterampilan [8].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 270,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Vokasi, Vol. 6 No.2 Juli 2022 ISSN : 2548-9410 (Cetak) | ISSN : 2548-4117 (Online) Jurnal hasil-hasil Penerapan IPTEKS dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 782,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "160",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 74,
"width": 419,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk mengatasi berbagai persoalan guru mitra yang telah dikemukakan di atas, maka perlu diadakan kegiatan penguatan keterampilan guru dalam merancang e-modul pembelajaran di SMK Negeri 4 Lhokseumawe. Kegiatan ini merupakan usaha untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan, dan keterampilan guru SMK sehingga mampu menyusun dan mengembangkan e-modul pembelajaran, serta terlaksananya kegiatan belajar mengajar yang menarik, interaktif dan mudah dipahami oleh siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 176,
"width": 138,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE PELAKSANAAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 201,
"width": 419,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan pelatihan penguatan keterampilan guru dalam merancang e-modul pembelajaran dilaksanakan SMK Negeri 4 Lhokseumawe. Pelaksanaan Kegiatan dilakukan mulai 23 Mei 2022 sampai dengan 25 Mei 2022. Sasaran dari kegiatan ini adalah seluruh guru yang berjumlah 15 orang. Keberhasilan kegiatan ini dapat dilihat dari indikator yang berupa meningkatnya pengetahuan, kemampuan, dan keterampilan guru dalam merancang dan mengembangkan e-modul pembelajaran. Pelatihan ini menggunakan pendekatan student centered learning dengan model pembelajaran project based learning . Model ini digunakan agar peserta pelatihan dapat melakukan eksplorasi, penilaian, interpretasi, sintesis, dan informasi untuk menghasilkan berbagai bentuk hasil belajar. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini adalah metode diskusi, demonstrasi, dan unjuk kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 340,
"width": 419,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun metode pelaksanaan atau langkah-langkah yang ditempuh guna melaksanakan solusi atas permasalahan spesifik yang dihadapi oleh mitra, yaitu: 1) Workshop , dengan tujuan penyelenggaraan workshop tersebut adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman, keterampilan dalam merancang dan mengembangkan e-modul pembelajaran. Kegiatan tersebut dilakukan dengan pemberian penguatan materi mengenai pelatihan berkelanjutan; dan 2) In House Training , yang merupakan suatu alternatif terbaik dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra. Tim pengabdian dengan bidang ilmu manajemen pendidikan dan teknik mesin saling berbagai pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra. Kolaborasi ini dimaksudkan agar pelatihan yang diberikan lebih tetap sasaran. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 3 mahasiswa dari program studi pendidikan vokasional teknik mesin, dan satu orang mahasiswa magister pendidikan teknik mesin. Hasil evaluasi dari kegiatan pengabdian pemberdayaan masyarakat diharapkan memberi kontribusi nyata dalam peningkatan pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan keterampilan guru melalui kegiatan pelatihan berkelanjutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 530,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 555,
"width": 419,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan pelatihan ini diikuti oleh 15 guru dengan berbagai bidang studi dengan capaian para guru tersebut telah berhasil menyusun dan mengembangankan e-modul pembelajaran. Sebelum kegiatan dimulai, para peserta pelatihan diberikan test awal untuk mengetahui tingkat penguasaan konsep mengenai media pembelajaran, modul ajar, dan sistematika penyusunan modul. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemberian materi oleh para anggota tim pengabdian, pelatihan dan pendampingan menyusun e-modul , test akhir dan penilaian terhadap kualitas e-modul yang telah dihasilkan oleh guru mitra. Hasil nilai pre-test dan post- test kegiatan ini sebagaimana terlihat pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 186,
"top": 669,
"width": 229,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Nilai Pre-test dan Post-tes No Urut Guru Nilai Pre-test Nilai Post-test 1 65 90 2 65 85 3 65 80 4 65 80 5 65 90",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 270,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Vokasi, Vol. 6 No.2 Juli 2022 ISSN : 2548-9410 (Cetak) | ISSN : 2548-4117 (Online) Jurnal hasil-hasil Penerapan IPTEKS dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 782,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "161",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 74,
"width": 212,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6 65 85 7 65 85 8 70 85 9 70 85 10 70 90 11 70 80 12 70 80 13 65 90 14 65 85 15 65 85 Jumlah 1000 1275 Nilai rata-rata 67 85",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 250,
"width": 418,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pre-test (67) dan post-test (85) terlihat bahwa para peserta pelatihan telah meningkat pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan keterampilannya dalam menyusun e-modul pembelajaran. Selain itu, kegiatan pelatihan ini telah berjalan lancar dan sesuai rencana yang telah disusun dan disepakati. Peserta pelatihan nampak semangat dan tekun dalam mengikuti serangkaian kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan. Proses komunikasi dua arah yang terbangun antara tim pelaksana dengan guru mitra berjalan dengan baik selama kegiatan berlangsungm (Gambar 1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 240,
"top": 499,
"width": 139,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1 . Kegiatan Pelatihan",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 524,
"width": 421,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil evaluasi kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa guru mitra telah mampu menyusun dan mempresentasikan hasil rancangan e-modul pembelajaran yang telah dihasilkan. Hasil rancangan berupa e-modul sistem rem hidrolik sepeda motor yang bisa diakses melalui handphone, laptop maupun media lainnya dengan menggunakan bantuan internet, e- modul sistem rem hidrolik sepeda motor dapat diakses dengan membuka situs https://bit.ly/3h4CvVm . Hasil perancangan e-modul pembelajaran menggunakan bantuan dari aplikasi Flip PDF Profesional sebagai media pendukung dalam proses perancangan e-modul , perancangan ini dilakukan sampai tahap ke lima saja sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan efisiensi waktu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 651,
"width": 419,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pelatihan ini telah menunjukkan peningkatan keterampilan guru sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan dalam menyusun dan mengembangkan e-modul pembelajaran. Hasil rancangan e- modul tersebut sudah layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran dengan memenuhi karakteristik e-modul sesuai kriteria yang ditetapkan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Secara struktur e-modul pemeliharaan sasis sepeda motor sudah memenuhi struktur e-modul menurut Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan yaitu: e-modul terdiri dari cover, kata pengantar, daftar isi, glosarium, pendahuluan, pembelajaran, evaluasi, kunci jawaban, penskoran, daftar pustaka dan lampiran. Mengacu pada hal tersebut, maka e -modul yang telah dihasilkan dapat dikategorikan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 270,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Vokasi, Vol. 6 No.2 Juli 2022 ISSN : 2548-9410 (Cetak) | ISSN : 2548-4117 (Online) Jurnal hasil-hasil Penerapan IPTEKS dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 782,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "162",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 74,
"width": 418,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluasi yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan mengamati dan menilai kinerja serta produk yang dihasilkan para guru-guru mitra. Indikator pencapaian keberhasilan yang ditetapkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah guru telah mampu merancang e-modul dan mampu mengimplementasikannya dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 151,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 176,
"width": 419,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Guru mitra telah mampu menghasilkan produk berupa e-modul pembelajaran dengan kategori layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif. Peningkatan keterampilan guru terlihat dari kemampuan menyusun dan mengembangan bahan ajar menjadi e-modul berbasis software 3d pageflip professional dan telah digunakan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar secara online .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 264,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 287,
"width": 436,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1] S. I. Maiyanti Et Al. , “Pemanfaatan Gawai Pada Adaptasi Teknologi Untuk Media Pembelajaran Bagi Guru Sdn 9 Tanjung Batu,” Vol. 6, No. 1, Pp. 16–23, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 315,
"width": 437,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[2] I. Mawardi, J. Jennifar, And S. Safaruddin, “Penerapan Mesin Sortasi Dalam Upaya Efesiensi Proses Produksi Kopi Gayo Sebagai Produk Unggulan Daerah Aceh Tengah,” J. Bakti Masy. Indones. , Vol. 3, No. 2, 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 353,
"width": 436,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[3] D. R. Aisy And S. A. Andriani, “Pengembangan E-Modul Berbantuan Sigil Software Dengan Pendekatan Saitifik Pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linier Dua Variabel ( Spldv ),” Edu Sains J. Pendidik. Sains Dan Mat. , Vol. 8, No. 1, Pp. 61–71, 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 391,
"width": 436,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[4] A. Alchalil, S. Siraj, S. Nasrah, And D. Dahrum, “Capacity Building Model Development To Improve The Professionalism Of Vocational School Teachers In The Field Of Mechanical Engineering Expertise,” Int. J. Educ. Vocat. Stud. , Vol. 3, No. 5, P. 348, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 429,
"width": 436,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[5] M. Marwan, S. Siraj, And S. Milfayetty, “Program Kemitraan Masyarakat: Memberi Penguatan Kepada Guru Mengenai Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Keislaman, Kebangsaan, Dan Keacehan Dalam Kegiatan Belajar Dan Mengajar Di Sma Negeri 1 Bireuen,” J. Vokasi , Vol.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 467,
"width": 97,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3, No. 2, P. 56, 2019.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 479,
"width": 436,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[6] S. Nasrah And S. Siraj, “Pelatihan Dan Pendampingan Pengembangan Modul Sains Berbentuk Pop-Up Book Berbasis Potensi Lokal Bagi Guru Sd Negeri 3 Percontohan Peusangan,” J. Vokasi , Vol. 5, No. 1, P. 69, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 517,
"width": 436,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[7] T. Taufiq, S. Siraj, And S. Nasrah, “Development Of An Acehnese Value-Based Education Implementation Model At Smk Negeri 7,” Int. J. Eng. Sci. Inf. Technol. , Vol. 2, No. 1, Pp. 139–143, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 555,
"width": 437,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[8] S. Syarkani, S. Siraj, And S. Milfayetty, “Program Kemitraan Masyarakat Bagi Kelompok Guru Tk / Ra Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Alat Peraga Edukatif Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Islam,” vol. 3, no. 2, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
acdf00fc-049d-642f-c058-c538debbb587 | https://ejournal.iainu-kebumen.ac.id/index.php/cka/article/download/1165/767 | [
{
"left": 292,
"top": 782,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 210,
"top": 74,
"width": 316,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cakrawala: Jurnal Kajian Studi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam dan Studi Sosial Vol. 7 No.1. 2023 ISSN: 2580-9385 (P) ISSN: 2581-0197 (E)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 118,
"width": 246,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.33507/cakrawala.v7i1.1165",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 158,
"width": 393,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strategi Pemasaran Radio Kardopa dalam Meningkatkan Minat Pendengar Muda di Kota Medan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara Sri Rahmadani, M.M 1 , Bunayyati Hakimah S. Meliala 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 220,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 248,
"width": 288,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Email : [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 310,
"width": 48,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 331,
"width": 426,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Technological advances have recently become the concern of all human beings, especially with this broadcasting institution, Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM. One of the things that must be able to compete with the development of an era that is increasingly rapid in its growth is technology. Initially, this radio only distributed information in a traditional way, such as through accessing only FM transmitters. Which in this day and age is considered old-fashioned and less effective because not everyone is interested in listening to radio on a frequency transmitter. So a live streaming radio and social media platform was created to convey information. On this occasion, the author uses a digitalized marketing strategy using access to social media as an information distribution strategy. So wherever they are they will always be able to listen to their favorite radio. To increase its audience, the broadcaster has evaluated the strategy used. Where this broadcasting institution, namely Kardopa Radio itself, already has a Tiktok account which aims to increase listeners, namely young people or millennials and gen-z. This is done because Kardopa Radio knows very well that information does not only belong to certain groups, but belongs to all groups, including the young people. It can be seen from the follower insight data that many follow the @radiokardopa.kdigi account, the age of 25-34 is 39.0% and the age of 18-24 is 32.0%. It is clear that the target to be achieved has been accomplished during the author's internship at this place. In this study the authors used a qualitative method with a descriptive case study approach, this aims to increase the interest of young listeners and is designed through an effective approach.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 620,
"width": 426,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Marketing Strategy, Tiktok, Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM, and Information Strategy",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 782,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 75,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 96,
"width": 427,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemajuan teknologi akhir-akhir ini menjadi salah satu perhatian semua insan, apalagi dengan lembaga penyiaran ini yaitu Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM. Yang harus dapat bersaing dengan perkembangan jaman yang semakin pesat dalam pertumbuhannya salah satu adalah teknologi. Awalnya radio ini hanya menyalurkan informasi dengan cara tradisional seperti melalui pengaksesan pancar FM saja. Yang dimana di jaman sekarang hal itu sudah dianggap kuno dan kurang efektif karena tidak semua orang tertarik lagi mendengar radio di pemancar frekuensi. Sehingga dibuatlah radio live streaming dan platform media sosial untuk menyampaikan informasi. Pada kesempatan kali ini, penulis menggunakan startegi pemasaran secara digitalisasi menggunakan pengaksesan sosial media sebagai strategi penyaluran informasi. Sehingga dimanapun mereka berada akan selalu dapat mendengarkan radio kesayagan mereka. Untuk meningkatkan pendengarnya lembaga penyiar ini sudah mengevalusi terkait strategi yang digunakan. Dimana lemabaga penyiar ini yaitu radio Kardopa sendiri sudah memiliki akun Tiktok yang bertujuan untuk manaikkan pendengar yaitu kaum muda-mudi atau milenial dan gen-z. hal ini dilakukan karena radio Kardopa mengetahui betul bahwa informasi bukan hanya milik golongan tertentu akan tetapi milik semua golongan termasuk kaum muda-mudi tersebut. Dapat dilihat dari data followers insight yang banyak mengikuti akun @radiokardopa.kdigi adalah umur 25-34 sebesar 39.0% dan umur 18-24 sebesar 32.0%. Jelas bahwa target yang ingin dicapai sudah terlaksanakan selama penulis magang ditempat ini. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus deskriptif, hal ini bertujuan agar dapat meningkatkan minat pendengar muda dan dirancang melalui pendekatan yang efektif.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 413,
"width": 426,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Strategi Pemasaran, Tiktok, Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM, dan Strategi Informasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 482,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 503,
"width": 426,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemajuan teknologi akhir-akhir ini menjadi perhatian semua insan, terutama lembaga-lembaga tertentu, sehingga mendorong untuk melakukan perubahan dalam berbaagai aspek seperti informasi. Dengan banyaknya populasi masyarakat Indonesia. Berdasarkan laporan Dana Moneter Internasional (IMF), menyebutkan bahwa Indonesia sendiri merupakan negara tertinggi dengan jumlah penduduk di Asia Tenggara yakni dengan jumlah sebesar 277,43 juta jiwa atau setara dengan 40,8% pada tahun 2023. 1 Data ini menunjukkan bahwa kemajuan informasi sangat di era kemajuan teknologi sekarang ini harus lebih diperkuat agar masyarakat dapat mengetahui informasi yang disajikan oleh lembaga-lembaga tertentu, baik dalam hal marketing, kesehatan, maupun yang lainya. Tidak hanya itu informasi yang cepat, aktual, serta dapat dandalkan menjadi kunci",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 737,
"width": 380,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Monavia Ayu Rizaty, ‘Populasi ASEAN Capai 679,7 Juta Pada 2023, Indonesia Terbanyak’,",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 750,
"width": 422,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DataIndonesia.Id , 2023 <https://dataindonesia.id/varia/detail/populasi-asean-capai-6797-juta-pada-2023- indonesia-terbanyak>.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 782,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 75,
"width": 426,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "utama keberhasilan dalam suatu lembaga tertentu. Terkhusus pada lembaga penyiar atau yang biasa dikenal dengan radio, harus memanfaatkan teknologi agar dapat menyampaikan informasi dengan cepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 137,
"width": 427,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seiring dengan kemajuan dalam bidang komunikasi dan informasi, media massa terus berkembang dengan pesat. Dunia modern sangat bergantung pada informasi yang cepat, aktual, dan dapat diandalkan. Radio atau lembaga penyiaran adalah media yang dapat menyampaikan informasi dengan cepat dan didukung oleh teknologi 2 . Teknologi inilah yang terus berkembang pesat seiring waktu berjalan. Dan terus ada saja perubahan yang pada akhirnya lembaga-lembaga penyiaran harus mampu mengikuti arusnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 261,
"width": 426,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di abad ke-21 telah menjadi periode perubahan besar bagi bentuk media tradisional termasuk radio. Digitalisasi media massa, perangkat media digital dan platform sosial yang ada dimana-mana, audiens modern memiliki berbagai kemungkinan komunikasi di ujung jari mereka. Dengan menyatu pada media sosial menjadi salah satu strategi yang harus dikembangkan dan diperluas radio untuk menjangkau konten dan menyebarkan konten mereka ke audiens. Radio juga mengadopsi sejumlah layanan interaktif dan sesuai permintaan yang menyediakan penawaran multimedia yang memungkinkan pengguna mengonsumsi konten media dimanapun dan kapan pun mereka mau 3 . Dan hal itu yang membuat Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sadar akan pentingnya pengaksesan media sosial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 468,
"width": 426,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sehingga stasiun radio ini menjadikan digital marketing sebagai salah satu strategi pemasarannya sebagai peningkatan pendengar lembaga penyiar ini. Dengan menggunakan platform Tiktok sebagai media penyaluran konten-konten mereka. Pada penggunaan strategi ini, diharapkan para pendengar muda memiliki preferensi yang berbeda dalam hal media hiburan dan konsumsi konten. Karena mau gimanapun juga anak muda sekarang ini cenderung lebih terhubung dengan teknologi digital dan lebih memilih media sosial sebagai sumber informasi dan hiburan utama mereka. Meskipun demikian, radio masih memiliki potensi besar untuk menjangkau dan mempengaruhi pendengar muda, terutama melalui strategi pemasaran yang inovatif dan relevan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 655,
"width": 426,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam kota Medan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, terdapat populasi penduduk muda yang signifikan. Ini terbukti dari data arsip Pemerintah Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 725,
"width": 390,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Miftahul Huda and Viro Dharma Saputra, ‘Strategi Komunikasi Radio Citra FM Kendal Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Pendengar Pendahuluan’, 1.02 (2021), 97–113.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 748,
"width": 409,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Daithí Mcmahon, ‘Memories of Our Youth : The Viral Spread of Radio Station Facebook Posts’, 15 (2020), 53–67.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 782,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 75,
"width": 427,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bahwa struktur penduduk di Kota Medan yang berusia produktif secara ekonomis sebesar 69,54% 4 . Sebagai pusat ekonomi dan budaya di wilayah tersebut, kota Medan menawarkan berbagai kesempatan bagi Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM untuk memperluas pangsa pasar dan menjangkau pendengar muda yang berpotensial. Strategi pemasaran yang efetkif dapat membantu stasiun radio ini memperkuat kehadirannya di antara persaingan yang semakin ketat dalam industri media saat ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 199,
"width": 426,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penulis melakukan penelitian selama 1 bulan terhitung dari tanggal 16 Januari s/d 16 Febuari di Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sebagai tempat magang penulis yang beralamat di Jl. Iskandar Muda No. 117A, Sei Sikambing D, Kec. Medan Petisah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah stategi pemasaran secara digitalisasi ini dapat meningkatkan pendengar muda melalui media sosial yaitu Tiktok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 344,
"width": 167,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODOLOGI PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 365,
"width": 426,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sebagai tempat magang penulis, yang beralamat di Jl. Iskandar Muda No. 117A, Sei Sikambing D, Kec. Medan Petisah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan terhitung sejak 16 Januari s/d 16 Febuari. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan penelitian kualitattif untuk mengetahui strategi pemasaran Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM dalam meningkatkan pendengar muda melalui media sosial yaitu Tiktok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 489,
"width": 426,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian kualitatif menurut David dan William (1995) dilakukan dengan latar dan metode yang alamiah oleh orang yang mempunyai perhatian yang alamiah. Latar alamiah dimaksudkan untuk memahami dan menafsirkan fenomena yang terjadi dalam suatu konteks khusus yang melibatkan berbagai metode yang ada 5 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 572,
"width": 426,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah deskriptif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran maupun penjelasan terhadap suatu karakteristik suatu fenomena yang diteliti. Di dalam artikel ini fenomena yang terjadi adalah perkembangan jaman yang membuat Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM harus mengikuti arus yang terus berkembang untuk dapat meningkatkan pendengar muda menggunakan strategi digital marketing dengan media Tiktok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 696,
"width": 390,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah studi kasus dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 737,
"width": 307,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Anonym, ‘Arsip Daerah Kota Medan Provinsi Sumatera Utara’, 2023 <http://arsip.pemkomedan.go.id/kategori/2012/11/struktur-penduduk.html>.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 760,
"width": 214,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Amtai Alaslan, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif , 2021.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 782,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 75,
"width": 426,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengambil kasus media sosial pada Tiktok yang dilakukan penulis untuk pengambilan datanya. Akun Tiktok Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM sendiri dipegan oleh penulis sendiri dengan menganalsis melalui data analisis langsung dari Tiktok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 158,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 178,
"width": 426,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM berawal dari ajang penyaluran hobi musik anak-anak muda kota Medan, lahirlah Radio Kardopa pada tanggal 3 Maret 1973. Saat itu radio hanya digunakan sebagai ajang penyaluran bakat musik anak-anak muda di Kota Medan dan masih dikelola secara amatiran. Sejalan dengan perkembangan dunia broadcast, Radio Kardopa sedikit demi sedikit berkembang menjadi radio komersial. Menyadari hal ini management pun berbenah untuk membentuk suatu badan radio yang lebih profesional dan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan uang melalui penyiaran iklan. Eksis dan ekslusif digelombang kanal AM 1017 kemudian hijrah ke kanal frekuensi 99.5 FM dan sekarang ke kanal frekuensi 99.4 FM adalah tuntutan dari pendengar untuk menyesuaikan perkembangan dunia broadcast yang semakin canggih.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 385,
"width": 426,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selama masa jayanya yang bahkan sudah 50 tahun ini, Radio Kardopa menjadi bagian dari sejarah dunia broadcast di Kota Medan bahkan sampai seluruh Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Lembaga ini terus mencoba melakukan yang terbaik demi terbentuknya karakter, mempertahankan budaya, jati diri anak bangsa, hiburan yang sehat dan mendidik melalui informasi yang mereka siarkan setiap harinya. Radio Kardopa memilih segmen menegah kebawah sampai menengah kebawah ke atas di setiap daerah yang ada di Kota Medan. Segmen ini bukan tanpa alasan, tetapi agar Kardopa 99.4 FM dapat terus meningkatkan pendengarnya dari tahun ke tahun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 549,
"width": 426,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM memiliki slogan “Berani Tampil Beda” yang memperlihatkan bahwa radio ini bisa terus tetap eksis dengan efesiensi, kreatifitas, maupun inovtifatif yang terus berkembang. Lembaga ini memiliki maksud dan tujuan khusus, yaitu memberikan informasi secara kebudayaan yang ada di Provisnis Sumatera Utara dan hiburan yang mampu mengembangkan potensi yang maju baik itu tatanan kehidupan masyarakat yang adil, makmur, dan sejahtera, menjadi media bisnis yang profesional, sebagai perekat serta kontrol sosial terpercaya, dan menjadi media pemasang iklan, serta sebagai media radio yang mengedepankan kepentingan lokal dalam rangka menuang optimalisasi seutuhnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 737,
"width": 426,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setiap media radio pastinya punya program unggulan untuk dapat meningkatkan minat pendengarnya. Ada tiga program unggulan Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM yaitu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 782,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 75,
"width": 426,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tembang Kenangan, Sex Today, dan Varia Wanita. Pada Program Sex Today dan Varia Wanita bisa didengarkan setiap Senin-Jum’at dan Minggu. Sedangkan untuk program Tembang Kenangan hadir disetiap hari Rabu-Kamis di jam 12.30 sampai dengan 13.30 WIB. Program seperti Sex Today dan Varia Wanita dibuat oleh Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM karena masih banyak orang yang belum memahami akan pentingnya sex education dan mental health dan bisa dilihat maupun didengar masyarakat Medan yang bingung untuk membicarakan masalah tersebut kepada siapa. Beda lagi dengan Tembang Kenangan, program ini dibuat agar masyarakat Medan bisa terus berpegang teguh dengan budaya- budaya yang ada, dan bisa mengenang masa-masa muda mereka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 261,
"width": 426,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media radio ini memiliki target untuk meningkatkan pendengar tekhusus pendengar muda yaitu kaum Milenial dan Gen Z. Ini menjadi salah satu tantangan mereka untuk bisa tetap beroperasi maupun berjaya seiring waktu berjalan. Namun, mereka tidak bisa hanya fokus pada sistem tradisional yaitu frekuensi radio, karena yang mendengarkan sistem tradisional ini adalah para kaum lansia yang sudah berusia 35-70 tahun. Secara usia yang tengah produktif dipegang oleh kaum Milenial dan Gen Z secara ekonomis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 406,
"width": 426,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oleh karena itu, mereka memenuhi targettingnya sampai kemanca negara melalui radio streaming, dan program “Membangun Generasi Cerdas” dan media sosial. Pada radio streaming yang sudah dibuat pada tahun 2020 ini bisa kita dengarkan melalui website mereka yaitu https://kardopafm.co.id/streaming.php sehingga dimanapun kita berada akan selalu dapat mendengarkan radio kesayagan kita.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 507,
"width": 426,
"height": 262,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strategi program “Membangun Generasi Cerdas” merupakan program acara talkshow mereka yang juga bekerjasama dengan DPRD Sumut yang hadir untuk mahasiswa/i di Kota Medan. Pada acara ini menghadiri para petinggi politikus yang paham akan materi yang disampaikan pada acara tersebut, bukan hanya itu saja aktivis terkemuka kampus pun juga dihadirkan. Dengan acara ini, dihrapkan mahasiswa/i di Kota Medan mendapatkan wawasan yang luas dan pastinya untuk meningkatkan pendengar muda Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM. Acara ini sudah berjalan dari tahun 2021 sampai sekarang, serta dilaksanakan setiap 1 (satu) bulan sekali. Acara ini menggunakan strategi Tour to University, Jadi mereka akan tour ke universitas-universitas di Kota Medan dengan waktu yang sudah ditetapkan. Membangun Generasi Cerdas sudah ke Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara (UINSU), Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED), Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera (UMSU), dan Universitas lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 782,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "19",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 75,
"width": 426,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk semakin meningkatkan pendengarnya, terkhusus kaum milenial atau para muda-mudi, Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM juga membuat beberapa media sosial seperti Facebook, Youtube, Instagram, dan Tiktok. Namun yang akan diheadline penulis pada penelitian ini adalah Tiktok. Karena penulis magang di lembaga radio tersebut sebagai Content Creator Tiktok divisi Kardopa Digital. Akun Tiktok @radiokardopa.kdigi ini dibuat pada tanggal 24 Januari 2023 dengan Niche Radio. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengikuti trend kaum milenial dan Gen Z. Secara Tiktok merupakan media sosial yang populer di dunia dan paling banyak digandrongi oleh anak-anak muda. Hal ini terbukti dari laporan Business of Apps, pengguna Tiktok di dunia sebesar 35% untuk kelompok usia 20-29 tahun, kemudian pengguna di usia 10-19 tahun sebesar 28%. 6 . Dan untuk Indonesia sendiri berdasrkan data We Are Social, pengguna Titik sudah mencapai 1,05 miliar pada Januari 2023. 7 . Inilah yang membuat Radio Kardopa untuk membuat akun Tiktok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 344,
"width": 426,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembuatan akun Tiktok ini juga digunakan bukan hanya sebagai mengikuti trend belaka, tetapi juga untuk mengikuti perkembangan zaman sehingga para kaum muda memiliki ketertarikan untuk mendengar. Karena seperti yang sudah penulis jelaskan diatas, bahwa diawal Radio ini masih menggunakan sistem tradisional. Sehingga, hal inilah yang menjadi awal perubahan Radio Kardopa 99.4 FM untuk beralih melihat bahwa banyak kaum muda-mudi juga membutuhkan informasi diera teknologi seperti ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 489,
"width": 426,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terbilang dari tanggal 27 Januari sampai dengan 16 Febuari akun @radiokardopa.kdigi sudah mendapatkan 300 followers dalam jangka waktu selama 21 hari. Dengan video view 21K, profile views 97, likes 4.2884, Comments 18, dan unique views 17k. Ini bisa dilihat dari data Key Metric Tiktok dibawah ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 714,
"width": 410,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Vika Azkiya Dihni, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Mayoritas Berusia Muda, Ini Rinciannya’, 2022 <https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/07/20/pengguna-tiktok-mayoritas-berusia-muda-ini- rinciannya>.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 748,
"width": 377,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 Monavia Ayu Rizaty, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Indonesia Terbesar Kedua Di Dunia’, 2022 <https://dataindonesia.id/internet/detail/pengguna-tiktok-indonesia-terbesar-kedua-di-dunia>.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 782,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 240,
"top": 94,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Data Key Metrics",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 202,
"top": 543,
"width": 231,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Akun Tiktok @radiokardopa.kdigi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 219,
"top": 632,
"width": 178,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Data Followers Insight",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 782,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 202,
"top": 300,
"width": 231,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Akun Tiktok @radiokardopa.kdigi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 328,
"width": 426,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan analisis yang peneliti lakukan terbukti bahwa dengan adanya Tiktok dapat membawa perubahan bagi Kardopa yang awalnya berfokus pada pendengar yang berumur direntan 40-60 tahun, beralih kependengar yang berusia 18-34 tahun. Dengan hal ini Tiktok juga menjadi sebuah strategi marketing yang sangat akurat bagi Kardopa untuk meningkatkan pendengan yang masih berusia muda, karena seperti yang diketahui umunya anak muda sekarang sangat berpengaruh terhadap suatu teknologi terkhusus pada informasi yang berkembang seperti Tiktok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 493,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 514,
"width": 426,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Radio Kardopa sudah berdiri dari tahun 1973 sampai dengan tahun ini. Berawal dari ajang penyaluran bakat musik anak muda di Kota Medan bekembang menjadi radio komersial. Radio ini juga sudah memenuhi keinginan pendengarnya sampai kemanca Negara melalui radio streaming dan media sosial, sehingga dimanapun mereka berada akan selalu dapat mendengarkan radio kesayagan mereka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 618,
"width": 426,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk meningkatkan pendengarnya lembaga penyiar ini sudah mengevalusi terkait strategi yang digunakan. Adapun strategi yang mereka gunakan untuk meningkatkan pendengar muda adalah Radio Streaming, Program Acara “Membangun Generasi Cerdas” dan pembuatan platform media sosial. Namun pada penelitia ini penulis meng-headline Tiktok sebagai platform media sosial. Dimana lembaga penyiar ini yaitu radio Kardopa sendiri sudah memiliki akun Tiktok yang bertujuan untuk manaikkan pendengar yaitu kaum muda-mudi atau milenial dan gen-z. hal ini dilakukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 782,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 75,
"width": 426,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "karena radio Kardopa mengetahui betul bahwa informasi bukan hanya milik golongan tertentu akan tetapi milik semua golongan termasuk kaum muda-mudi tersebut. Dapat dilihat dari data followers insight yang banyak mengikuti akun @radiokardopa.kdigi adalah umur 25-34 sebesar 39.0% dan umur 18-24 sebesar 32.0%. Jelas bahwa target yang ingin dicapai sudah terlaksanakan selama penulis magang ditempat ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 199,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 220,
"width": 249,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alaslan, Amtai, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif , 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 238,
"width": 429,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anonym, ‘Arsip Daerah Kota Medan Provinsi Sumatera Utara’, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 261,
"width": 366,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<http://arsip.pemkomedan.go.id/kategori/2012/11/struktur-penduduk.html>",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 282,
"width": 428,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dihni, Vika Azkiya, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Mayoritas Berusia Muda, Ini Rinciannya’, 2022 <https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/07/20/pengguna-tiktok- mayoritas-berusia-muda-ini-rinciannya>",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 342,
"width": 429,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Huda, Miftahul, and Viro Dharma Saputra, ‘Strategi Komunikasi Radio Citra FM Kendal Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Pendengar Pendahuluan’, 1.02 (2021), 97–113",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 383,
"width": 428,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mcmahon, Daithí, ‘Memories of Our Youth : The Viral Spread of Radio Station Facebook Posts’, 15 (2020), 53–67",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 424,
"width": 429,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rizaty, Monavia Ayu, ‘Pengguna Tiktok Indonesia Terbesar Kedua Di Dunia’, 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 448,
"width": 399,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<https://dataindonesia.id/internet/detail/pengguna-tiktok-indonesia-terbesar-kedua- di-dunia>",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 487,
"width": 428,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "———, ‘Populasi ASEAN Capai 679,7 Juta Pada 2023, Indonesia Terbanyak’, DataIndonesia.Id , 2023 <https://dataindonesia.id/varia/detail/populasi-asean-capai- 6797-juta-pada-2023-indonesia-terbanyak>",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
c5231439-9d17-7ad2-492a-b4e4f0c16af7 | https://jurnal.isi-ska.ac.id/index.php/acintya/article/download/5367/3788 | [
{
"left": 234,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "109",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 42,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 186,
"top": 89,
"width": 232,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "GARAP TARI CAKIL GAYA SURAKARTA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 131,
"width": 120,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik Bambang Wahyudi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 229,
"top": 158,
"width": 144,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 212,
"width": 51,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 238,
"width": 464,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini secara singkat mendiskusikan garap tari Cakil di Surakarta, memahami dan menjelaskan secara deskriptif keberadaan dan perkembangan tari Cakil sebagai genre; Wireng, Fragmen, Wireng Pethilan dan juga sebagai bagian dari drama tari tradisional (wayang orang panggung). Penjelasan deskriptif terdiri dari 1) latar belakang sejarah, fungsi dan eksistensi cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit; 2) Perkembangan Cakil sebagai pertunjukan tari termasuk bentuk dan makna dalam pembahasan tentang unsur-unsur tari menjadi satu kesatuan dalam garap (totalitas bentuk dan ide) pertunjukan. Penelitian ini ingin menjelaskan keberadaan tari cakil melalui perkembangan zaman dalam garap pertunjukan. 3) adanya orang-orang yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan dan perkembangan tarian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 340,
"width": 178,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: Cakil, tari, pengembangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 375,
"width": 52,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 401,
"width": 464,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This writing, briefly, Garap Tari Cakil in Surakarta, were understanding and explaining descriptively existence and development of Cakil dance as genres; wireng, fragmen, wireng pethilan and also as a part of traditional dance drama (wayang orang panggung). Descriptive explanation consist of 1) historical background, function and existence of cakil in shadow puppet player (pertunjukan wayang kulit; 2) Cakil development as a dance performance including form and meaning in a discussion about the dance elements become a unity in garap (totality of form and idea) of the performance. This study wanted to explain the existence of cakil dance through the times in garap of the performance. 3) the existence of people who influenced to the change and development of this dance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 503,
"width": 165,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keyword: Cakil, dance, development.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 550,
"width": 93,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 570,
"width": 229,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tokoh Cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang merupakan sosok yang unik. Tokoh Cakil hampir selalu hadir pada setiap pertunjukan wayang, baik pada pertunjukan wayang kulit maupun wayang orang. Tokoh Cakil bahkan menjadi maskot yang kehadirannya selalu diharapkan dan ditunggu oleh penonton. Lewat atraksi gerak yang ditampilkan dan juga banyolan-banyolan yang dihadirkannya, Cakil selalu menarik dan mampu memberikan suasana segar bagi penonton. Secara wujud fisik, perilaku, dan kepribadiannya banyak ditemukan keunikan-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 561,
"width": 229,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "keunikan, di antaranya bentuk muka, rias wajah, busana yang dikenakan, teknik gerak, dan nada bicaranya sangat khas dan selalu menjadi hal yang menarik untuk diperbincangkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 622,
"width": 229,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembahasan tentang c akilan atau garap tari Cakil dalam tulisan ini meliputi gaya ( style ), susunan tari, teknik, dan vokabuler gerak untuk mengekspresikan karakter tokoh Cakil. Ditinjau dari hal tersebut, ada dua garap tari Cakil yang sangat berbeda yaitu, cakilan keraton ( wirèng ), dan cakilan Wayang Orang Panggung (WOP). Tari Cakil ( wirèng ) keraton, di kalangan masyarakat luas biasanya disebut tari pethilan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 43,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "110",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bambangan Cakil. Pethilan dari kata petikan, yang artinya bahwa tari tersebut dipetik dari adegan pertemuan dan atau peprangan antara tokoh bambangan (kesatria muda) dan tokoh Cakil dalam wayang kulit atau wayang orang. Tari Cakil WOP muncul dalam adegan perang kembang . Dalam adegan ini Cakil disertai dengan beberapa buta , dan Bambangan juga disertai dengan panakawan . Dalam perkembangannya,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 222,
"width": 229,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tari Cakil gaya WOP lebih memasyarakat dan mampu bertahan hidup daripada Tari Cakil gaya keraton. Tari Cakil gaya keraton kurang memasyarakat, karena sangat terikat pada norma ataupun unggah-ungguh budaya kehidupan seni keraton (Maridi, wawancara Juli 1991). Selain itu aturan-aturan ( pakem ) Tari Tradisi Keraton yang ketat juga sangat membelenggu perkembangan tari itu sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 354,
"width": 229,
"height": 304,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan dan kehidupan satu gaya tari tidak dapat dipisahkan dari dua hal pokok, yaitu seniman dan pengamat/penonton. Seperti halnya tari Cakil WOP tidak akan hidup dan berkembang tanpa dukungan penari-penari yang berkualitas sebagai penyaji dan penonton yang apresiatif. Dengan demikian, eksistensi dan kreativitas penari khususnya penari Cakil sangat berperan besar dalam menentukan arah kehidupan tari Cakil. Melalui kreativitas penari sebagai seniman penyaji, sebuah pertunjukan akan dapat diapresiasi dengan baik oleh masyarakat pendukungnya. Hal ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh sifat pertunjukan yang sangat tergantung pada eksistensi, kreativitas, dan ketokohan atau keaktoran para penarinya serta penonton sebagai penanggap. Meskipun hal itu juga tidak dapat lepas dari adanya faktor-faktor lain yang terkait, di antaranya seniman penata, yaitu sutradara (dalam pertunjukan wayang orang) dan koreografer.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 659,
"width": 229,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sejalan dengan perubahan zamannya, perkembangan dan kemajuan teknologi informasi dan media telah mengubah gaya hidup dan pemikiran masyarakat luas. Masuknya film dan aneka macam hiburan yang ditayangkan melalui radio dan televisi telah mampu memalingkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kegemaran masyarakat dari budaya tradisi pertunjukan milik sendiri. Untuk itu bentuk- bentuk budaya tradisi seperti wayang orang dan tari semakin kurang diminati, tergeser, dan bahkan mati. Kehidupan WOP mengalami kemunduran yang sangat besar setelah tahun 1970-an. Kemunduran tersebut, sudah barang tentu berpengaruh terhadap tari Cakil, baik dalam hal aktivitas pertunjukannya maupun kemunculan penari Cakil yang berkualitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 254,
"width": 53,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 274,
"width": 229,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggali data pustaka serta melakukan wawancara dengan para pakar tari tradisi, khusunya tari Cakil di Surakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 367,
"width": 115,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN Deskripsi Tokoh Cakil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 411,
"width": 229,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cakil adalah sosok atau figur dalam seni pewayangan. Cakil mula-mula muncul dalam pakeliran wayang kulit purwa . Menurut Serat Sastramiruda , Cakil muncul pertama kali pada tahun 1552 Ç atau tahun 1630 M, atau pada zaman pemerintahan Sultan Agung di Mataram. Angka tahun tersebut merupakan sengkalan memet berupa raksasa mrugan (istimewa) yang menjadi bagian dari teks berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 543,
"width": 228,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rampungè karsa dalem mangun wayang purwa pinaringan sangkala memet rupa buta mrugan, ing padhalangan kaaranan panyaréng, kaaranan ing akéh buta Cakil. Wujudè wayang buta mata siji, tanganè loro anyangkelit keris. Siyungè siji metu teka ing lambè. ( Sudibyo Z. Hadi Sucipto, 1981: 18) Kamajaya menafsirkan sengkalan memet sebagai “Anembah gegamaning buta tunggal ”, atau tahun 1552 Ç . Sri Moeljono juga menandai Cakil muncul pada tahun 1552 Ç atau 1630 M, tetapi berdasarkan kronogram ( candra sengkala )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 719,
"width": 228,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“ Tangan yaksa satataning janma ” (Kamajaya, 1981: 24)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 17,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "111",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 42,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wujud Cakil dalam wayang kulit adalah raksasa ( buta ) yang memiliki ciri sangat berbeda dengan raksasa pada umumnya. Raksasa pada umumnya berciri badan besar dengan tangan belakang tidak dapat digerakan, sedangkan Cakil bertubuh kecil dan kedua tangannya dapat digerakkan. Perbedaan lainnya, raksasa pada umumnya digambarkan dengan mata bundar dan besar, sedangkan bentuk mata Cakil setengah memejam ( kriyipan ). Raksasa pada umumnya memiliki rahang atas lebih menonjol daripada rahang bawah, sedangkan Cakil rahang bawahnya lebih menonjol daripada rahang atasnya, dan gigi seri bawah menjulang melampaui hidungnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 308,
"width": 229,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sosok Cakil hampir selalu muncul dalam lakon apapun. Oleh karena itu, memiliki nama yang banyak, sesuai dengan cerita atau lakon yang dibawakan oleh dalang. Nama-nama Cakil yang sering digunakan oleh dalang dalam pakeliran wayang kulit purwa antara lain: Gendir Penjalin, Carang Aking, Carang Puspita, Puspajala, Suksoro, Klanthang Mimis, Kala Marica, dan lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 441,
"width": 228,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakter atau wanda wayang kulit Cakil ada tiga macam, yaitu: 1) wanda panji , 2) wanda kikik , dan 3) wanda manyore.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 487,
"width": 229,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Wanda Panji, dicirikan dengan wajah tu- mungkul , bentuk badan pajeg (tegak), leher besar, bahu belakang lebih tinggi, dengan irah-irahan pogog dan tatanan busana rapèk . b. Wanda Kikik, dicirikan dengan wajah longok , bentuk badan bungkuk , leher agak pendek, irah-irahan busana rapèk .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 587,
"width": 229,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Wanda Manyore, wajah longok , bentuk badan sedang tidak bungkuk , menggunakan irah-irahan bodholan dengan rambut orèn .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 639,
"width": 229,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Namun dalam perjalanan kehidupan pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa , ciri-ciri yang terkait dengan wanda tersebut tidak lagi menjadi persoalan dalam mengembangkan kreativitas garap sabet dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit. Masing-masing dalang dapat mengembangkan ide kreatifnya dalam memilih wujud dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 89,
"width": 178,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "karakter Cakil sesuai interpretasinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 289,
"width": 200,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1 . Wujud sosok Cakil wayang kulit purwa wanda Panji. (Foto Didik BW, 2010)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 536,
"width": 199,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Cakil wayang kulit purwa wanda Kikik. (Foto Didik BW, 2010)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 43,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "112",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 292,
"width": 210,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar. 3 . Wujud Cakil wayang purwa wanda Manyore. (Foto Didik BW, 2010)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 331,
"width": 229,
"height": 423,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tokoh Cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa mempunyai peran yang cukup penting dalam membangun alur dramatik pertunjukan wayang purwa. Secara umum kehadiran Cakil dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa dapat dibedakan menjadi dua. Pertama, peran Cakil sebagai tokoh yang terkait dengan alur cerita. Kedua, Cakil hadir sebagai èdèn- èdèn atau kembangan yang berfungsi untuk memperindah pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa . Cakil sebagai bagian dari alur cerita kehadirannya dapat dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu sebagai buta prepat, dan sebagai buta utusan raja. Cakil sebagai buta prepat berperan menggoda kesatria yang sedang bertapa atau sedang melakukan samadi . Cakil sebagai utusan raja sabrangan atau kelompok jahat (antagonis) berperan memerangi musuh yaitu dari kelompok baik (protagonis). Cakil dikategorikan sebagai buta prepat atau raksasa empat sekawan yang selalu didampingi oleh tiga raksasa lainnya, yaitu Buta Rambut Geni, Buta Terong atau Galiuk, dan Pragalba. Buta prepat merupakan simbol dari nafsu-nafsu manusia yang selalu muncul ketika manusia menghadapi permasalahan dalam kehidupannya. Manusia sebagai makhluk Tuhan yang paling mulia, selain diberi akal budi juga disertai nafsu, yaitu sufiyah, aluamah, amarah , dam mutma’inah .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 610,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai utusan raja, Cakil hadir dengan pasukan raksasa. Pasukan raksasa itu bisa berupa buta prepat atau bisa juga dengan bala bacingah, yang pada dasarnya adalah mewakili kelompok jahat (antagonis) yang ingin memanfaatkan situasi. Kehadiran kelompok ini kaitannya dengan alur cerita berfungsi sebagai permasalahan antara, yang kedudukannya untuk membangun alur dramatik pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa . Berkaitan dengan pernyataan tersebut Harymawan menyatakan, bahwa suatu lakon atau alur cerita harus menghidupkan pernyataan kehendak manusia menghadapi dua kekuatan yang saling beroposisi. Pertentangan dua kekuatan, yaitu antara protagonis dan antagonis, mengakibatkan apa yang dinamakan dramatic action . (RM. Harymawan, 1988: 9). Cakil hadir sebagai eden-eden (pemanis) pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa adalah terkait dengan struktur pertunjukan yang biasanya terbagi dalam wilayah waktu, yaitu wilayah waktu pathet nem , pathet sanga, dan pathet manyura. Pada bagian kedua pada wilayah waktu pathet sanga, secara struktur tersusun dalam beberapa adegan. Diawali dengan adegan gara - gara diikuti tampilnya tokoh punokawan (Semar, Gareng, Petruk, dan Bagong) sebagai pendamping kesatria utama. Kemudian adegan pertapan yang merupakan pertemuan kesatria dengan pendeta. Pada adegan ini biasanya seorang dalang menjabarkan konsep satriya pinandhita, yang berisi nasihat atau ngèlmu bagi kesatria utama. Adegan berikutnya adalah perang kembang , yaitu perang antara kesatria melawan raksasa yang menyimbolkan nafsu- nafsu manusia. Perang kembang yang syarat dengan makna simbolik ini selalu ditunggu- tunggu oleh penonton karena biasanya disajikan dengan suasana yang ringan, penuh humor, dan atraktif serta menghibur. Ketegangan rasa para penonton yang disebabkan oleh adegan-adegan sebelumnya berubah menjadi rasa senang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 700,
"width": 228,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam adegan perang kembang , penonton disuguhi garap sabet atau ketrampilan dalang dalam memainkan tokoh Cakil. Perang kembang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "113",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 42,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 261,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bisa dikategorikan sebagai salah satu édèn- édèn atau kembangan yang berfungsi untuk mempercantik/ memperindah pertunjukan. Disebut édèn-édèn karena adegan ini sering tidak terkait langsung dengan alur cerita yang disajikan, sebagaimana halnya dengan édèn- édèn yang lain, seperti abur-aburan (terbang), ambles bumi (masuk ke dalam bumi), dan sebagainya. Sebagai édèn-édèn , dalam adegan ini biasanya banyak ditampilkan berbagai variasi garap , baik garap sabet maupun garap gendhing . Popularitas seorang dalang dapat terbangun karena ketrampilannya dalam menggarap sabet perang kembang ini. Beberapa dalang wayang kulit purwa yang terkenal sebagai dalang sabet antara lain Ki Ganda Buwono, Ki Ganda Darsana, dan Ki Manteb Sudarsana. (Sholicin, 2010: 282 – 287).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 351,
"width": 227,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cakil sebagai utusan raja seringkali hadir sebagai tokoh yang terkait cerita yang disajikan, misalnya sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 397,
"width": 229,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Sosok Cakil hadir sebagai tokoh Kala Marica dalam cerita Ramayana. Dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa , sosok Kala Marica dibentuk dengan Cakil yang berhidung pesek, berambut orèn , dan dengan irah-irahan bodholan .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 484,
"width": 229,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Sosok Cakil hadir sebagai tokoh Janggis- rana, yang dibentuk dengan Cakil yang berhidung penthul dan dengan irah-irahan centho .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 698,
"width": 225,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Wayang Kalamarica. (Foto Didik BW,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 170,
"top": 710,
"width": 26,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2010)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 245,
"width": 223,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Wayang Janggisrana (Foto Didik BW, 2010)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 288,
"width": 197,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cakil Sebagai Édèn-édèn ( Kembangan ) Cakil sebagai Repertoar Tari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 332,
"width": 229,
"height": 247,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cakil sebagai repertoar pertunjukan tari wirèng sudah ada sejak masa pemerintahan Mangkunegara I (1757 – 1795) dalam bentuk tari pasangan Janaka dan Cakil. Oleh karena itu sering dikatakan, bahwa tari wirèng Cakil tersebut adalah karya Mangkunegara I. (Wahyu S. P, 2007: 120). Wirèng Cakil sebagai bentuk pertunjukan tari selain tumbuh di Pura Mangkunegaran juga berkembang di lingkungan tembok keraton Kasunanan Surakarta. W irèng Cakil adalah tari yang bertemakan perang dengan menghadirkan tokoh Cakil dan ksatria yang bersumber dari wiracarita Mahabarata atau Ramayana. Misalnya, wirèng Bambangan-Cakil adalah tari perang antara kesatriya (Harjuno, Abimanyu, Irawan, Rama, Lesmana) dengan raksasa penghalang Cakil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 580,
"width": 229,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seperti telah dipaparkan di atas, tokoh Cakil muncul pada pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa pada adegan perang kembang . Sesuai dengan konsep dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa, Cakil dikategorikan sebagai buta penyarèng atau buta penghalang. Cakil merupakan perwujudan dari konsep nilai simbolik Jawa kategori dua, yaitu konsep keseimbangan adanya baik dan buruk, halus dan kasar, dan sebagainya. Menurut Koentjaraningrat, sistem klasifikasi simbolik yang didasarkan pada dua kategori yang dikaitkan oleh orang Jawa dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 43,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "114",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hal-hal yang berlawanan atau bermusuhan. (Koentjaraningrat, 1994: 428). Keberadaan Cakil dalam konsep nilai ini adalah mewakili yang kasar, sombong (antagonis), sebagai lawan dari yang halus, rendah hati (protagonis).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 164,
"width": 229,
"height": 333,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Repertoar tari wirèng cakil dapat dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu jenis tari pasangan dan tari kelompok. Tari wirèng Cakil jenis pasangan biasanya disebut tari Bambangan Cakil, atau Janaka Cakil, atau bisa juga menampilkan tokoh lain Srikandhi Cakil. Tari Srikandhi Cakil muncul pada tahun 1971 yang disusun oleh K.R.T. Kusumokesowo, namun susunan tarinya sudah tidak terlacak lagi. Garap tari wirèng Cakil lebih menekankan pada konsep estetika tari tradisi yang tumbuh di dalam keraton. Tokoh Cakil tidak ditampilkan seperti halnya pada pertunjukan wayang kulit, namun digarap dalam bentuk beksa n wirèng . Ciri garap tari wirèng adalah, bahwa ekspresi dan karakter tokoh tidak ditampilkan secara vulgar, melainkan lebih menonjolkan jogèd atau beksa. Jogèd atau beksa adalah koreografi klasik yang sangat distilisasi terkait dengan aturan-aturan baku tari Jawa. Aturan-aturan baku dalam tari Jawa Surakarta terjabar di dalam delapan aturan dasar tari hasthasawanda , yaitu pacak, pancat, ulat, wilet, lulut, luwes, irama, dan gendhing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 498,
"width": 229,
"height": 189,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tari wirèng Cakil tumbuh di dalam tembok keraton Kasunanan dan Mangkunegaran dengan gaya tarinya masing-masing. Penyebaran tari wirèng Cakil terbatas melalui pawiyatan- pawiyatan atau sanggar-sanggar tari yang biasanya dikelola oleh guru-guru tari yang terkait dengan abdi dalem keraton. (Clara Brakel P, 1991: 16 – 17). Misalnya, sanggar tari Yayasan Kesenian Indonesia (YKI) Surakarta dengan guru tari Radiono (alm). Koreografi atau struktur sajian tari wirèng Cakil terdiri atas empat bagian, yaitu maju beksan , beksan , perang , dan mundur beksan .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 692,
"width": 67,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maju beksan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 712,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maju beksan adalah bagian dari struktur tari pada saat penari bergerak dari gawang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "supono menuju gawang beksan . Penari ke luar berjalan kapang-kapang dan dilanjutkan laku jèngkèng menuju gawang supono (tengah belakang), sampai di tempat duduk silo anurogo . Mulai dari ke luar berjalan diiringi karawitan vokal ada-ada. Karawitan menyajikan gendhing S repeg , penari melakukan sembahan silantaya, sembahan jèngkèng, sabet an, lumaksana , ombak-banyu, srisig menuju gawang beksa n.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 225,
"width": 37,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Beksa n",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 245,
"width": 229,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Beksan adalah bagian pokok dari koreografi yang berisi sekaran-sekaran yang menggambarkan isi atau tema tari yang disajikan. Diawali dengan garap peralihan gendhing dari S repeg ke gendhing beksan . Gendhing Beksan yang biasa digunakan pada bagian ini adalah Ladrang Cluntang laras sléndro pathet sanga. Garap geraknya biasanya diawali dengan beksa n laras yang dilanjutkan dengan berbagai sekaran alusan untuk bambangan , dan untuk Cakil menggunakan pola gerak bapangan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 407,
"width": 229,
"height": 189,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Garap pola lantai, seperti garap wirèng pada umumnya, diawali dari gawang pokok kemudian bergerak memutar dengan pola prapatan , yaitu dari gawang pokok menuju gawang prapatan , gawang jeblos, dan kembali ke gawang pokok. Untuk garap gawang tari wirèng Cakil, antara Kasunanan dan Mangkunegaran terdapat perbedaan yang mendasar, yaitu penempatan penari pada gawang pokok. Pada Kasunanan posisi Cakil berada di sebelah kiri panggung, sedangkan pada Mangkunegaran Cakil berada di sebelah kanan panggung.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 597,
"width": 229,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penentuan gawang tari wirèng pethilan secara umum dipengaruhi oleh sistem penggolongan karakter berdasarkan simpingan wayang kulit purwa . Simpingan sebelah kanan dalang untuk tokoh-tokoh kelompok protagonis, dan simpingan sebelah kiri dalang untuk tokoh-tokoh kelompok antagonis. Namun konon karena arah pandang dan pertimbangan strata sosial penari bambangan yang biasanya diperankan oleh kerabat raja, maka gawang tari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "115",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 42,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cakil gaya Mangkunegaran berbeda. (G.P.H. Herwasto Kusumo, 7 Februari 2011)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 124,
"width": 49,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perangan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 145,
"width": 230,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perangan dari asal kata perang yang artinya pertarungan atau perkelahian antara dua orang atau lebih, baik dengan menggunakan tangan kosong maupun menggunakan senjata. Akan tetapi perang dalam tari tidak secara wantah atau vulgar mempertunjukkan perkelahian, melainkan digarap sedemikian indah berdasarkan kaidah estetika (dan etika) tari tradisi keraton. Garap perangan terbagi dalam dua bagian, yaitu perang tangkepan (dengan tangan kosong), dan dilanjutkan dengan perang gaman (dengan menggunakan senjata).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 320,
"width": 229,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gending untuk menyertai garap perang ini adalah Srepeg untuk perang tangan, dan berubah menjadi Sampak ketika sampai pada perang gaman hingga Cakil kalah atau mati.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 378,
"width": 229,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketika Cakil kalah atau jatuh tersimpuh di lantai, gending berubah menjadi Ayak-ayakan untuk mengiringi Bambangan menari mengelilingi Cakil dan kembali ke gawang pokok, lalu duduk jèngkèng nikelwarti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 456,
"width": 229,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mundur Beksa n Mundur beksan adalah bagian akhir dari struktur tari. Setelah perang selesai, penari bergerak dari gawang beksan kembali ke gawang supono . Gending untuk mengiringi mundur beksa n adalah S repeg . Kedua penari melakukan sembahan , sabetan , srisig kembali ke gawang supono dan diakhiri dengan sembahan .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 598,
"width": 215,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cakil dalam Pertunjukan Wayang Orang Panggung",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 636,
"width": 230,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertunjukan Wayang Orang Panggung (WOP) merupakan personifikasi dari pertunjukkan wayang kulit purwa. Seperti halnya dalam pertunjukan wayang kulit purwa, Cakil hadir dalam adegan perang kembang , yaitu pada babak ke dua atau pada wilayah pathet sanga . Pembabakan dalam pertunjukan WOP mengikuti pembabakan pada pakeliran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 89,
"width": 231,
"height": 425,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "wayang kulit purwa, yaitu berdasarkan wanci (waktu) p athet Nem, p athet Sanga dan pathet Manyura. Tema atau isu setiap babak juga mengacu pada tema/isu pada pakeliran wayang kulit purwa. Pathet Nem (babak pertama) isunya adalah “ada permasalahan”. Pathet Sanga (babak kedua) isunya adalah “upaya mencari pemecahan masalah”. Pathet Manyura (babak ketiga) isunya adalah “penyelesaian masalah”. Untuk menampung isu-isu tersebut agar lebih spesifik, maka setiap babak dibagi lagi menjadi beberapa adegan yang merupakan bangunan konflik terkecil dari sebuah bagian atau babak. Pertunjukan WOP adalah suatu pertunjukan komersial yang kelangsungan kehidupannya sangat ditentukan oleh kehadiran penonton. Untuk itu strategi kreatif dalam konteks membangun pasar sangat diperlukan. Strategi kreatif dalam pertunjukan WOP selain diperlukan kemampuan menejerial pemasaran yang baik, juga perlu didukung oleh seniman- seniman yang kreatif pula. Berkait dengan pernyataan ini, Kusumo Budoyo mengatakan, bahwa ada pertimbangan-pertimbangan utama agar pertunjukan tetap dihadiri penonton, yaitu pemilihan cerita, penataan casting ( dhapukan ), dan garap pertunjukannya. (Kusumobudoyo, 31 Agustus 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 515,
"width": 229,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemilihan cerita dan panataan casting adalah dua hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Alasannya, untuk menyajikan pertunjukan yang menarik memerlukan pemeranan ( casting ) yang tepat sesuai dengan sumberdaya yang dimiliki. Sebagai sebuah panggung hiburan komersial, kehadiran primadona panggung sangat penting untuk menarik minat penonton. Oleh karena itu WOP memerlukan primadona-primadona panggung, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Sastro Sabdo, Rusman, Darsi, Surono, Listyorini, Nanik Subroto, adalah primadona-primadona panggung WOP pada zamannya. Banyak penonton yang menonton WOP bukan karena lakonnya yang menarik, tetapi karena antusias untuk melihat primadonanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 43,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "116",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kehandalan suatu kelompok WOP, selain dari primadona panggung yang dimiliki, juga teknik-teknik atau trik-trik (atraksi-atraksi atau ‘tipuan-tipuan’) panggungnya. Penggarapan teknik atau trik abur-aburan (terbang) , trik malihan (berubah bentuk), trik ambles bumi (masuk ke dalam tanah), trik terjun ke laut, dan juga atraksi-atraksi akrobatik pada adegan perang kembang, menjadi daya tarik tersendiri yang dapat membuat penonton ketagihan untuk datang menonton lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 251,
"width": 229,
"height": 318,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peperangan antara kesatria dengan raksasa ini selalu dipertunjukkan dalam setiap lakon atau ceritera yang disajikan, baik terkait ataupun tidak dengan isi ceritera yang disajikan. Seperti dinyatakan Surono (Petruk), bahwa perang kembang adalah perang yang indah, merupakan bunga dari pertunjukan WOP. Perang kembang merupakan bagian yang sangat penting baik ditinjau dari alur cerita maupun dari sisi bentuk sajiannya. Dari alur cerita, penonton mulai dihantarkan pada upaya pemecahan permasalahan yang terjadi melalui dialog tokoh yang dihadirkan pada adegan ini. Dari sisi bentuk sajian, penonton akan mendapatkan sebuah pertunjukan yang sangat menarik, segar, penuh humor, dan trik-trik akrobatik oleh penari. Melalui adegan perang kembang penonton akan dibuat terpesona tampilnya seorang kesatriya (Jawa) yang halus, cakap, penuh pengendalian diri di satu sisi, dan di sisi lain penonton mendapat hiburan dari gerak-gerak atraktif yang ditampilkan oleh seorang penari Cakil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 570,
"width": 231,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B e r k a i t a n d e n g a n f u n g s i d a n kedudukannya, maka Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP membutuhkan kemampuan kepenarian yang lengkap sebagai penari panggung. Seorang penari Cakil pada WOP tidak cukup hanya terampil dalam gerak tari, tetapi juga membutuhkan kemampuan humor guna merespons dialog punokawan. Dalam hal ini Kusumo Budoyo menyatakan, bahwa peran Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP sering digunakan sebagai peran antara menuju peran bintang panggung. (Kusumobudoyo, 12 Oktober 2005).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ini dilegitimasi dalam penyelenggaraan Festival Wayang Orang Panggung Amatir (WOPA) yang ke II di Surakarta, bahwa penilaian sebagai penyaji terbaik bukan hanya untuk pemeran Gatutkaca, tetapi juga untuk pemeran Bambangan Cakil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi Cakil sebagai bintang pertunjukan WOP tidak diragukan lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 225,
"width": 118,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Garap Tari Cakil WOP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 245,
"width": 229,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koreografi dan garap tari adalah dua hal yang berbeda namun merupakan satu kesatuan yang tak terpisahkan dalam membangun rasa tari. Koreografi adalah bentuk sedangkan garap adalah korelasi atau hubungan timbal balik antar elemen dalam membangun wujud yang terkait dengan rasa tari. Garap tari Cakil pada pertunjukan WOP sangat dipengaruhi oleh teknik pemanggungan, yaitu panggung prosenium dengan setting dekorasi kelir /layar bergambar (bercerita).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 407,
"width": 229,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setting dekorasi panggung yang digunakan dalam adegan Cakil pada pertunjukan WOP adalah hutan. Dengan kata lain, ceritanya terjadi di hutan. Maka secara garap tari Cakil, antara penari satu dan lainnya menggunakan pola sama. Garap sajiannya tersusun dalam bagian-bagian, yaitu alas-alasan, asakan, godaan dan Perang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 510,
"width": 229,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seperti telah banyak didefinisikan oleh para ahli, bahwa tari adalah ungkapan pengalaman jiwa manusia yang diwujudkan melalui gerak tubuh yang berirama. Janet Ashead menyatakan sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 328,
"top": 591,
"width": 199,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".......that it is made of movements which are performed by a single dancer or by a number of dancers, in a particular setting. These dancer(s) are usually clothed, sometimes in special costumes, and they perform in a visual environment, often with sound accompaniment. 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 697,
"width": 193,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Periksa Janet Ashead. Dance Analysis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 697,
"width": 226,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Theory and Practice . (London: Dance Books, Cecil Court,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 721,
"width": 59,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1988), hlm. 21",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "117",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 42,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(....bahwa tari tersusun dari gerakan- gerakan yang ditampilkan oleh penari atau sekelompok penari dalam sebuah setting tertentu. Biasanya menggunakan busana dan mereka tampil dalam sebuah lingkungan visual, yang sering diiringi bunyi-bunyian.)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 179,
"width": 228,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, jelas bahwa komponen utama dari suatu tari adalah gerak tubuh yang didukung oleh komponen lain, antara lain musik/karawitan, rias Selanjutnya di bawah ini dibahas unsur-unsur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 257,
"width": 229,
"height": 180,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gerak Garap gerak tari Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP lebih merupakan ’imitasi’ dari gerak ( sabet ) Cakil dalam pakeliran wayang kulit, terutama untuk gerak ceklèkan siku, dan garis gerak cenderung menggunakan garis menyamping horizontal. Hal ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh permainan gerak Cakil pada pertunjukan wayang kulit yang terkait dengan teknik garap bayangan yang cenderung bergerak dengan garis badan frontal menyamping kanan atau kiri mengikuti garis badan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 456,
"width": 80,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karawitan Tari",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 476,
"width": 229,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karawitan tari yang digunakan dalam sajian tari Cakil banyak ragamnya, dan biasanya terdiri atas bentuk gendhing alit, yaitu Lancaran,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 520,
"width": 228,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketawang , atau Ladrang , dan lainnya seperti",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 534,
"width": 229,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Palaran , Srepeg atau Sampak . Pemilihan bentuk dan atau garap gending tersebut didasarkan atas kesesuaian antara rasa gending dengan suasana adegan dan atau karakter tokoh yang diiringi. Gendhing - gendhing yang sering digunakan dalam adegan perang kembang adalah: Ladrang Jangkrik Genggong sléndro sanga , Ketawang Subokastowo sléndro sanga , Ketawang Kasatriyan, Srepeg Alas-alasan slendro sanga , Kumuda sléndro sanga , Ladrang Sembung Gilang sléndro sanga , dan Sampak sléndro sanga .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 89,
"width": 86,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rias dan Busana",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 109,
"width": 230,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rias untuk wayang orang panggung dapat digolongkan sebagai rias karakter. Rias karakter ( caracter make-up ) adalah melukis dan menggarap wajah sesuai dengan peran. 2 Rias karakter untuk WOP ada empat macam, yaitu rias thelengan , rias buta (raksasa), rias prèngèsan , rias gusèn . Rias untuk tokoh Cakil pada dasarnya adalah rias prèngèsan . Kekhususan rias Cakil, atau yang membedakan rias untuk Cakil dengan tokoh lainnya terletak pada cangkeman yang dikenakan Cakil",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 317,
"top": 438,
"width": 208,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6 . Rias Cakil Gaya Suyono (seniman WOP Sriwedari)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 462,
"width": 177,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Foto koleksi Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 637,
"width": 217,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7 . Rias Cakil Suyono lengkap dengan irahan dan cangkeman (Foto koleksi Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 741,
"width": 181,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 RM. Harymawan, op. cit., hlm. 140",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 43,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "118",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 324,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Garap ruang Garap ruang pada hakekatnya adalah merupakan kerja kreatif seorang seniman dalam menata koreografinya dalam ruang tertentu. Garap ruang untuk sajian tari Cakil WOP sangat terikat bentuk dan luasan panggung prosenium yang dilengkapi dengan dekorasi layar dan side- wing . Side wing adalah garis batas panggung proscenium yang berada di sebelah kanan-kiri panggung yang berfungsi sebagai pintu masuk penari. Side wing ini sifatnya permanen, artinya untuk semua babak dan adegan-adegan menggunakan side-wing yang sama. Berbeda dengan dekorasi layar ( kelir ), yang disesuaikan dengan adegan-adegan. Dekorasi layar ini memakan tempat dan letaknya berbeda-beda. Ada dekorasi layar yang tempatnya agak di depan, di tengah, dan di belakang. Dekorasi layar yang letaknya di belakang berarti ruang panggung yang tersedia cukup luas. Sebaliknya dekorasi layar yang ada di depan membuat ruang panggung itu tidak begitu luas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 414,
"width": 229,
"height": 279,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP terdapat dalam adegan alas-alasan . Adegan alas-alasan adalah menggambarkan adegan saat kesatria bersiap untuk melakukan semedi dan di sisi lain para raksasa penghalang keluar dari hutan belantara. Dekorasi layar yang digunakan untuk adegan tersebut adalah layar alas bolong . 3 Dengan dekorasi layar alas bolong ini, ruang panggung yang tersedia untuk menggarap gerak cukup leluasa, karena memungkinkan untuk menggarap ruang atas dengan sembunyi di belakang layar alas bolong . Penggarapan ruang panggung untuk adegan alas - alasan adalah sebagai berikut. Cakil keluar dari side wing kiri belakang dan bergerak ke kanan pada posisi di belakang layar alas bolong . Kemudian Cakil melakukan gerak Asakan dan Godaan . Asakan adalah adegan saat raksasa melakukan gerak bebas ( ngasak)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 705,
"width": 227,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Layar alas bolong adalah layar yang dibentuk menyerupai bentuk pohon-pohon dengan segala ranting dan daun yang dilobangi sehingga memungkinkan penari bergerak di celah-celah pepohonan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "merusak dan melempar pepohonan, dedaunan, ataupun ranting yang ditemui . Garap ruang pada adegan ini selain ruang fisik yang terbangun melalui pola lantai dan garis gerak penari, juga menyangkut ruang maya (imajiner) yang menggambarkan adegan dua peristiwa yang tersaji dalam satu panggung. Adegan asakan ini diakhiri saat raksasa Cakil bertemu muka dengan kesatria yang sedang semadi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 222,
"width": 229,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Godaan adalah dari asal kata godha yang artinya rintangan yang menyebabkan orang masuk pada dosa. Adegan ini menggambarkan raksasa mencoba membatalkan samadi yang sedang dilakukan kesatria. Komposisi ruang yang ditampilkan biasanya Cakil bergerak mengitari Bambangan yang sedang samadi di posisi panggung tengah sebagai pancer di depan layar alas bolong . Garap ruang ini terkait dengan konsep simbolik Jawa kéblat papat limo pancer, bahwa manusia selalu dikelilingi oleh nafsu-nafsu yang datang dari empat penjuru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 397,
"width": 229,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Garap ruang pada adegan perangan biasanya lebih terfokus di panggung depan tengah dengan pola garap gawang jeblosan . Garap gawang jeblosan diawali dari gawang pokok kemudian bertukar tempat menjadi gawang jeblos . Pola garap gawang jeblosan ini dilakukan baik pada perang tangan, perang palaran, maupun perang keris. Pola garap gawang ini diakhiri matinya Cakil di gawang pokok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 548,
"width": 86,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Garap Tari Cakil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 568,
"width": 230,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Garap tari Cakil dalam pertunjukan WOP sangat ditentukan oleh masing-masing penari dalam menafsirkan karakter tokoh yang diperankan. Hal ini terkait dengan sifat pertunjukan WOP yang merupakan pertunjukkan komersial yang sangat membutuhkan kemampuan keaktoran atau bintang panggung. Menurut Sardono W Kusumo, seperti yang dikutip Rusini, bahwa dalam pertunjukan WOP aktor lebih berperan daripada sutradara. Oleh karena itu, WOP itu sebuah teater aktor, bukan teater sutradara. Dalam hal ini, kreativitas dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "119",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 42,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pertunjukan WOP ditentukan oleh para pemain (aktor), bukan oleh sutradara. Itulah sebabnya, banyak pemain wayang orang yang terkenal, karena kreativitasnya. 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 150,
"width": 229,
"height": 304,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kreativitas atau kemampuan keaktoran pemain wayang dalam pertunjukan WOP itu biasanya terbatas pada tokoh-tokoh tertentu, yaitu tokoh-tokoh yang menjadi pusat perhatian penonton. Misalnya: Arjuna, Abimanyu (atau anak-anak Arjuna lainnya) Bima, Gatutkaca, Punakawan, Anoman, dan juga Cakil. Dalam sejarah pertunjukan WOP, banyak pemeran tokoh-tokoh tersebut yang menjadi primadona panggung dan dikenang oleh penontonnya. Misalnya Listyorini, Nanik Subroto untuk tokoh Arjuna/Abimanyu; Projobudiono (WO RRI), Suranto (Sriwedari) untuk tokoh Bima; Rusman (Sriwedari), Kusni (Ngesti Pandawa) untuk tokoh Gatutkaca; Sastro Sabdo, Surono, dan Mrajak untuk tokoh punakawan (Petruk, Bagong); Waluya untuk tokoh Anoman. 5 Di samping itu masih banyak orang-orang yang dikenang sebagai penari Cakil terbaik, seperti: Suharto Sukolewo (alm), Ndoro Bok (alm), Suratno 9alm), dan Cipto Dihardjo (alm).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 459,
"width": 148,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penari Cakil Era 1950 - 1970 Suharto Sukolewo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 497,
"width": 229,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suharto Sukolewo adalah seorang abdi dalem “canthang balung” keraton Surakarta, yang kemudian menjadi penari Cakil wayang orang Sono Harsono/Eko Proyo (1944). Sebagai abdi dalem canthang balung keraton Kasunanan Surakarta, Suharto Sukolewo memiliki kemampuan kepenarian yang lengkap. Suharto Sukolewo dapat dikatakan sebagai seorang penari serba bisa, karena mampu menarikan dengan baik tari putra gagah, putra alus, gecul , bahkan tari putri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 658,
"width": 229,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "K.R.T. Tondokusumo menjelaskan bahwa Suharto Sukolewa merupakan pembaharu tari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 693,
"width": 204,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Periksa Rusini. Gathutkaca di Panggung Soekarno . (Surakarta: STSI Press), hlm. ix 5 Foto Waluyo dengan rias Anomannya diabadikan oleh Toko Emas Hanoman di Jalan Secoyudan Surakarta.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cakil. Gaya tarinya dilandasi oleh penguasaan teknik tari yang baik dan pengalamannya sebagai penari canthang balung menjadikan tampilannya terkesan bregas kemaki. 6 Ketrampilan mengolah ceklèkan tangan yang luwes, dan wijang , sehingga tampilannya dalam memerankan tokoh Cakil sangat mayangkuliti ( seperti wayang kulit ).(S. Maridi, 17 Matret 1991)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 225,
"width": 59,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ndoro Bok",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 245,
"width": 229,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ndoro Bok, adalah penari Cakil sekaligus pimpinan perkumpulan wayang orang Langen Barata/Kridho Mudo tahun 1940-an. Ndoro Bok, diakui sebagai penari Cakil yang berkualitas. Hal ini karena Ndoro Bok selain memiliki dasar kemampuan kepenarian yang baik juga menguasai dasar gerak silat yang baik. Gaya tarinya lebih sebagai cakil jogèd. Ketrampilannya dalam mengolah senjata atau memainkan keris merupakan kelebihan lain yang dimilikinya. (KRT. Kusumabudoyo, 31 Agustus 2010)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 410,
"width": 110,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suratno (1929 - 1997)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 428,
"width": 229,
"height": 203,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suratno adalah penari Cakil wayang orang Sriwedari Surakarta era tahun 60-an. Suratno belajar tari secara otodidak dengan cara melihat dan menirukannya. Oleh karena ketekunan dan kecintaannya terhadap seni, menghantarkan Suratno bergabung pada perkumpulan WOP kelilingan. Beberapa perkumpulan WOP yang pernah diikuti berdasar ingatan Suratno antara lain, WOP Sri Tanjung (Kartasura), WOP Langen Baratha (Sragen), Sari Utomo (Pengging), dan Makutha Rama (Salatiga). Selanjutnya pada tahun 1957 mulai bergabung pada WOP Sriwedari di Surakarta.(Suratno, 24 Maret 1991).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 632,
"width": 229,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai seniman WOP, Suratno memiliki kemampuan yang lengkap, yaitu teknik tari yang baik, vokal tembang yang baik, dan hayatan karakter yang kuat. Di era tahun 1960-an selain sebagai penari Cakil, Suratno juga menjadi pemeran tokoh Gatutkaca yang baik. Sebagai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 729,
"width": 220,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Wawancara, KRT. Tondokusumo (S. Maridi) (alm) 17 Maret 1991",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 43,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "120",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penari Cakil Suratno mempunyai ciri gerak fors (tegap). Gaya tari Suratno secara garis besar tidak berbeda dengan gaya tari Cakil WOP pada umumnya, baik dari struktur sajian, vokabuler gerak, maupun garapan pola lantainya. Tetapi jika dicermati teknik pelaksanaan geraknya, ia memiliki kekhasan yang sangat kuat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 193,
"width": 228,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tondokusumo mengungkapkan, bahwa tari Cakil Suratno sangat baik, gaya tampilannya kuat dan kenceng, karena memiliki dasar pencak silat yang baik. Ketrampilannya dalam mengolah perangan tangan dan perang keris sangat baik. 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 265,
"width": 229,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini juga diakui oleh Mrajak, bahwa gaya tari Suratno adalah Cakil jogèd . Sikap badannya tegap, tidak banyak mengolah liukan tubuh, dan gerakannya kuat. Selain memiliki karakter gagah kuat, Suratno juga sangat menguasai teknik-teknik gerak tertentu seperti teknik sawuran depan, ketegan leher, dan sempokan yang diambil dari gerak pencak. Teknik-teknik tersebut banyak ditiru oleh penari-penari Cakil generasi penerusnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 412,
"width": 229,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Joko Suko Sadono, seniman tari dan juga penari Cakil, juga mengaku bahwa dalam menari Cakil ia mengadopsi teknik-teknik yang dikembangkan oleh Suratno. Gaya tari Cakil Suratno cenderung galak dan beringas karena dilandasi oleh penafsirannya, bahwa karakter Cakil itu seperti asu ajak (Srigala).(Suratno, Pebruari 1991)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 533,
"width": 60,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cipto Brejo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 554,
"width": 229,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cipto Brejo (Cipto Dihardjo) (80 tahun), adalah penari Cakil wayang orang Ngesti Pandawa (Semarang). Sebagai penari Cakil, kualitas tari Cipto Brejo tidak diragukan lagi. Pada masa itu, kalau di Surakarta ada Suratno di Semarang ada Cipto. Menurut Tondokusuma, Cipto Brejo dan Suratno adalah dua penari Cakil yang memiliki kualitas yang seimbang. Suratno memiliki kekuatan dalam garap jogéd sedangkan Cipto Brejo memiliki kekuatan dalam hal trik-trik akrobatik. Cipto Brejo adalah Cakil wayang pesisiran sehingga cenderung sedikit",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 729,
"width": 220,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 Wawancara. KRT. Tondokusumo (S. Maridi)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 741,
"width": 83,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(alm) 17 Maret 1991",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengabaikan dasar-dasar jogéd Jawa, namun sangat kuat dalam mengolah ketrampilan gerak perangan.(S. Maridi, Pebruari 1991)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 139,
"width": 154,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penari Cakil Era 1980 - 1990 S. Pamardi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 174,
"width": 229,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "S. Pamardi adalah dosen tari alus di Jurusan Tari ISI Surakarta. Ia belajar tari secara formal di SMKI Surakarta (lulus tahun 1975) dan ASKI Surakarta (lulus tahun 1982). Selain itu S. Pamardi juga banyak berguru tari pada S. Ngaliman dan S. Maridi, serta aktif dalam kegiatan teater.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 278,
"width": 229,
"height": 261,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "S. Pamardi sebagai seorang penari sangat cermat dalam memahami kemampuan atau bekal yang dimilikinya guna menunjang penampilannya. Ia menari Cakil sejak usia Sekolah Dasar, yaitu sebagai penari Kalamarica pada pertunjukan Dramatari Ramayana Prambanan. Dengan kondisi tubuh yang kecil, S. Pamardi banyak mengekplorasi gerak-gerak kaki yang kesit (lincah). Garap irama nujah sangat mendominasi dalam olahan irama gerak tari Cakilnya. Pengalamannya sebagai aktor dalam pentas-pentas teater modern ikut mewarnai penampilannya sebagai penari Cakil, yaitu dalam mengolah ekspresi wajah. Selain dasar pembawaannya yang kemaki dan ketertarikannya mendalami tari geculan, karakter tari Cakil S. Pamardi terkesan cakrak, kemaki , dan licik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 714,
"width": 201,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 14 . Gaya S. Pamardi sebagai penari Cakil (Foto koleksi S. Pamardi)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "121",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 42,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 107,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tari Cakil Didik BW",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 109,
"width": 229,
"height": 203,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik BW adalah dosen tari Sala gagah gaya Surakarta pada Jurusan Tari ISI Surakarta. Atas dukungan ayahnya, Didik sejak usia 14 tahun sudah mengenal dan belajar tari tradisi gaya Surakarta pada Yayasan Kesenian Indonesia (YKI) Surakarta. Pengalamannya belajar tari dengan S. Witoyo, S. Maridi, Radiyono, Sunarno, dan Suratno (WOP Sriwedari), telah banyak memberikan inspirasi gaya kepenarian Didik. Sebagai penari Cakil seangkatan S. Pamardi (tahun 1980-an) di Sasonomulya ketika menjadi mahasiswa ASKI Surakarta, dia banyak mendapatkan gemblengan dari Gendhon Humardani.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 314,
"width": 229,
"height": 189,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melalui latihan fisik (injeksi pagi), teknik kelincahan, teknik keringanan (meringankan tubuh), dan teknik penguatan kaki menjadikan bekal yang besar dalam pembentukan karakter tari Cakilnya. Berpijak dari pengalaman- pengalaman tersebut gaya tari Cakil Didik selain terilhami dari gaya tari Cakil Suratno dan S. Maridi yang force (kuat bertenaga), juga terkesan ringan melayang yang merupakan ciri atau kekhasan tari Cakilnya. Selain itu garap irama gerak nujah seperti halnya S. Pamardi, dikembangkan untuk membangun karakter Cakilnya yang kesit, trincing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 663,
"width": 221,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 15 . Rekonstruksi Gaya Tari Cakil Didik oleh Anggono (Foto Nurochim koleksi Jurusan tari)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 89,
"width": 187,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penari Cakil Era STSI (1990 – 2000)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 109,
"width": 230,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penari Cakil di era tahun 1990 - 2000, merupakan penari-penari hasil didikan transisi antara gaya Sasonomulyo dan didikan murni lembaga formal STSI. Mereka adalah Karyono dan Jonet Sri Kuncoro.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 188,
"width": 48,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karyono",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 208,
"width": 229,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karyono adalah dosen jurusan tari Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan ISI Surakarta lulus sebagai sarjana seni SI dengan minat utama kepenarian pada tahun akademik 1987/1988. Selanjutnya pada tahun akademik 2007/2008 Karyono lulus Pasca Sarjana S2 Penciptaan Seni ISI Surakarta. Pengalaman kepenariannya lebih banyak diperoleh melalui pendidikan formal dan kegiatan pentas yang bersifat massal yang membutuhkan kerampakan gerak. Proses pembelajaran kepenariannya yang dialami cenderung menggunakan teknik-teknik baku. Itu dilakukan guna mempermudah proses pembelajaran yang sangat kental dengan konsep penyederhanaan gerak dan hitungan gerak secara matematis yang melahirkan teknik gerak yang kaku dan kurang lentur .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 455,
"width": 230,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berpijak dari proses pengalaman kepenarian yang sistimatis tersebut, Cakilan Karyono cenderung bermain pada bentuk dan teknik dasar berkualitas gagah yang lebih mengandalkan kekuatan otot dengan permainan garis-garis gerak yang tajam. Wahyu S. P. menegaskan bahwa gaya cakilan Karyono cenderung bermain pada bentuk-bentuk dan garis-garis. 8 Berpijak dari bekal kepenarian tersebut dan ditunjang bentuk tubuh yang sedang gaya cakilan Karyono cenderung pada karakter",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 614,
"width": 202,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cakil kemaki dan ngglécé. 8 Wawancara. Wahyu S.P. Nopember 2010",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 43,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "122",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 245,
"width": 223,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 50 . Adegan Margocatur dengan penari urut dari kiri, Karyono, Didik BW, dan Jonet S.K. (Foto koleksi Didik BW)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 300,
"width": 89,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jonet Srikuncoro",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 321,
"width": 229,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jonet Srikuncoro, dosen jurusan tari Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan ISI Surakarta. Jonet Srikuncoro dilahirkan dari keluarga seniman WOP Sriwedari Surakarta. Sejak kecil Jonet telah bergelut dengan dunia seni tradisi khususnya pertunjukkan WOP dan juga seni tari. Sejak usia 9 tahun telah aktif berlatih tari di Yayasan Kesenian Indonesia (YKI) Surakarta di bawah bimbingan guru tari Radiono dan S. Witoyo. Aktivitas di bidang tari berlanjut hingga dewasa. Selain lulus pendidikan pada Sekolah Menengah Karawitan Indonesia (SMKI) Surakarta pada tahun 1983/1984, juga lulus sebagai sarjana seni SI dengan minat kepenarian 1988/1989. Jonet juga melanjutkan pendidikan Pasca Sarjana S2 program studi Penciptaan seni ISI Surakarta dan lulus pada tahun akademik 2006/2007.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 583,
"width": 229,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berpijak dari pengalaman belajar tari baik formal maupun non-formal yang dialaminya, Jonet tumbuh sebagai penari yang baik khususnya untuk tari-tari gagahan seperti Kera, Bugis, Cakil. Untuk tari Cakil, gaya Cakilan Jonet cenderung bermain pada teknik-teknik yang mengandalkan kekuatan dan kecepatan kaki. Gaya Cakilannya cenderung pada garap Cakil yang trincing, kemaki. Hal ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuanya sebagai penari kera, dan ditunjang dengan bentuk tubuh yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sedikit pendek memberikan kesan yang kuat dalam menampilkan teknik kaki dengan tempo cepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 276,
"width": 214,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 51 . Jonet sebagai penari Cakil adegan perang kembang (Foto koleksi Jonet S.K)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 320,
"width": 177,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penari Cakil Era ISI (2001 – 2010)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 340,
"width": 229,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Para penari Cakil era ISI Surakarta umumnya memiliki gaya penampilan yang relatif sama, terutama yang menyangkut teknik- teknik dasar menari Cakil. Hal itu karena mereka belajar pada guru-guru dan sekolah yang sama, yaitu ISI Surakarta. Namun demikian sebagai penari Cakil, masing-masing memiliki kekhasan yang didasarkan atas bakat dan potensi tubuh yang dimiliki dan juga pengalamannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 490,
"width": 138,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anggono Kusuma Wibowo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 510,
"width": 229,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anggono Kusuma Wibowo, dosen jurusan tari Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan ISI Surakarta lulus sebagai sarjana seni SI dengan minat kepenarian pada tahun 2000/2001. Kecintaan terhadap tari tradisi Surakarta sudah muncul sejak Sekolah Dasar ketika ditunjuk untuk mengikuti Pekan Olah Raga dan Seni (Porseni) tingkat sekolah dasar se-Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Melalui kegiatan Porseni, Anggono sempat mengenyam sentuhan pelatihan tari oleh tokoh tari tradisi Surakarta K.R.T. Tondokusuma (S. Maridi). Rasa cinta pada tari tersebut menghatar Anggono untuk melanjutkan pendidikan di SMKI Surakarta (dahulu Konsevatori) 1996. Selain itu Anggono juga aktif terlibat pada kegiatan kelompok tari Taksu Taman Budaya (TBS) Surakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "123",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 42,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai penari Cakil Anggono pernah terpilih sebagai penari Cakil terbaik tingkat Propinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2000, yang menghatarkan Anggono untuk mengikuti misi perdagangan Propinsi Jawa Tengah ke Austria pada tahun 2001. Tubuhnya yang kecil ramping dan ditunjang ketrampilannya dalam mengolah teknik gerak kaki yang cepat dan ringan menghasilkan karakter Cakil yang lincah kemaki, cenderung ngglécé .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 370,
"width": 223,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 52 . Gaya Anggono sebagai penari Cakil (Foto koleksi Anggono)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 414,
"width": 135,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wahyu Sapta Pamungkas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 434,
"width": 229,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seperti halnya Jonet, Wahyu Sapta Pamungkas, adalah penari yang dilahirkan dari keluarga seniman WOP Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Surakarta. Ayahnya yang mantan penari Cakil WOP RRI Surakarta di era tahun 1970-an, menjadikan ia sejak kecil sudah terbiasa melihat pertunjukan seni. Aktivitasnya belajar tari di sanggar tari makin memupuk kecintaannya terhadap tari tradisi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 566,
"width": 229,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain lulus dari pendidikan formal bidang seni (tari) di SMKI yang sekaramg mejadi SMKN 8 Surakarta tahun 1999, Wahyu Sapta Pamungkas juga merupakan alumni jurusan tari ISI Surakarta minat utama kepenarian spesialis tari Cakil dan lulus tahun 2005. Berbekal pengalamannya mendalami tari Cakil di ISI Surakarta, saat ini Wahyu S. P, merupakan penari Cakil pada WOP RRI Surakarta. Dengan bentuk tubuh yang kecil dan tinggi Wahyu S.P. dalam memerankan tokoh Cakil cenderung mengeksplorasi garis-garis gerak yang panjang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan tajam dengan menggarap tempo cepat. Dari unsur-unsur garap gerak tersebut gaya Cakilannya cenderung pada kualitas gerak Cakil yang kuat ( fors ) dengan karakter galak bengis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 287,
"width": 211,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 53 . Adegan Alas-alasan tari Perang Kembang oleh Wahyu Sapto P. Dalam rangka ujian Tugas Akhir S1 Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta 2005 (Foto koleksi Wahyu Sapto P)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 497,
"width": 218,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 54 . Adegan perang gaya Wahyu S. Dalam rangka ujian Tugas Akhir S1 Jurusan tari ISI Surakarta 2005 (Foto koleksi Wahyu Sapto S)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 552,
"width": 81,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 572,
"width": 230,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian dan paparan pada bab-bab yang tersaji di depan, maka sesuai dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan penelitian dalam perumusan masalah, kiranya dapat disimpulkan hal-hal sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 647,
"width": 229,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertama, tari Cakil adalah salah satu genre tari tradisi gaya Surakarta yang telah tua dan mengalami perkembangan sesuai dengan dinamika kehidupan masyarakat zamannya. Tari Cakil mulai eksis sebagai wirèng Bambangan Cakil pada masa pemerintahan Mangkunegara I. Dalam perkembangannya, selama kurun",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 43,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "124",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 621,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "waktu setengah abad (1910-an -1960-an) sosok Cakil menjadi salah satu ‘primadona’ dalam pertunjukan tobong WOP. Di luar tobong WOP dan di luar tembok keraton, tari Cakil juga tumbuh dan berkembang dalam bentuk fragmen, pethilan , dan wirèng pethilan . Tari Cakil yang tumbuh dan berkembang di luar tobong WOP dan keraton mampu melintas ‘kaidah-kaidah’ tari tradisi, dan muncul sebagai tari Cakil masa kini atau ‘kontemporer’. Perkembangan tari Cakil dari wirèng (keraton) Bambangan Cakil hingga menjadi wujudnya yang ‘kontemporer’, tidak lepas dari peran seniman-seniman tari (penyusun ataupun penari) maupun pemikir kehidupan tari tradisi. Mereka antara lain: Suharto Sukolewo, Ndoro Bok, Suratno, Ciptodiharjo, Kusumokesowo, Sindhu Suhardiman, Atmohutoyo, Wignyahambeksa, S. Maridi, Sentot Sudiarto, Joko Suko Sadono, Tan Gwan Hien, S. Witoyo, S. Pamardi, dan Didik Bambang Wahyudi. Khusus untuk tari Cakil ‘kontemporer’, proses pembentukannya mulai terasa sejak tari tersebut dijadikan mata pelajaran di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan formal bidang seni, seperti Konservatori (SMKI/SMKN 8), ASKI/STSI/ISI termasuk PKJT. Kesadaran atau konsep tentang ‘tradisi yang kontemporer’ dari Gendon Humardani, sejak tahun 1971 mulai dijadikan dasar untuk menggarap tari tradisi, termasuk tari Cakil. Dari sana lahir koreografi dan garapan tari Cakil kontemporer yang digarap oleh seniman- seniman muda kreatif, seperti: Sunarno, Didik Bambang Wahyudi, dan S. Pamardi. Antara lain: Kalamarica dalam Sendratari “Sinta Hilang” (karya Sunarno); Srikandhi Cakil (karya S. Pamardi dan Sri Martati), Anoman Cakil (karya Didik B.W. dan S. Pamardi), Cecakilan (karya Didik B.W), dan Cakil Kiprah (karya Didik B.W). Dari bimbingan mereka lahir penari- penari Cakil kontemporer seperti: Karyono, Jonet Sri Kuncoro, Anggono Kusumo Wibowo, dan Wahyu Sapto Pamungkas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 711,
"width": 228,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedua, salah satu faktor yang membuat tari Cakil berkembang adalah para seniman tari,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 89,
"width": 229,
"height": 405,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "baik koreografer (penata/penyusun) maupun penari itu sendiri. Mereka dianugerahi Tuhan talenta (tubuh, ketrampilan, dan kepekaan rasa) yang dipupuk sendiri berdasarkan visi, lingkungan, dan jiwa zaman. Dengan kata lain, talenta mereka yang baik itu dapat berkembang karena faktor-faktor eksternal. Visi atau pandangan mereka dipengaruhi oleh guru-guru mereka, baik yang terjadi di lingkungan tobong-tobong, paguyuban- paguyuban, sanggar-sanggar, maupun sekolah- sekolah / akademi-akademi. Selain guru-guru seperti Kusumokesowo, Sindhu Suhardiman, Atmohutoyo, Wignyahambeksa, dan S. Maridi, para penari Cakil tobong WOP seperti Suharto Sukolewo, Ndoro Bok, Suratno, Ciptodiharjo, juga menjadi acuan bagi generasi penari berikutnya. Visi dan pandangan mereka juga dipengaruhi oleh jiwa zaman yang mengalami perkembangan secara dinamis. Namun, hal itu tidak begitu saja terjadi tanpa andilnya pembina yang memiliki power (kewenangan dan keuangan), memiliki konsep pengembangan yang jelas, semangat dan disiplin, serta mau bekerja keras. Tanpa mengenyampingkan peran guru-guru dan seniman senior, pembina yang dimaksud adalah Gendon Humardani dengan lembaga PKJT/ASKI-nya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 517,
"width": 109,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 538,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adshead, Janet., Dance Analysis , Theory and Practice . London: Dance Books. 1988.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 573,
"width": 228,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Brandon, James R., Jejak-jejak Seni Pertunjukan di Asia Tenggara. Terj. R.M. Soedarsono. Bandung: P4ST UPI, 2003.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 624,
"width": 227,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bandem, I Made, dan Sal Murgiyanto., Teater Daerah Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Kanisius 1996.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 675,
"width": 227,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Brakel, Clara-Papenhuyzen., Seni Tari Jawa , Tradisi Surakarta dan Peristilahanya. Alih Bahasa Mursabyo. Jakarta: ILDEP-RUL. 1991.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "125",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 42,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik Bambang Wahyudi: : Garap Tari Cakil Gaya Surakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 227,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hardjoprasonto, Soemardjo. Bunga Rampai Seni Tari Solo. Jakarta: Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. 1997.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 140,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Humardani, S.D. Kumpulan Kertas tentang Kesenian . Surakarta : ASKI, 1982.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 176,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Kumpulan Kertas Tentang Tari . Surakarta : ASKI, 1979/1980.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 211,
"width": 228,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Masalah-masalah Dasar Pengembangan Seni Tradisi . Surakarta : ASKI Surakarta, 1979/1980.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 262,
"width": 229,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hersapandi, Wayang Wong Sriwedari dari Istana menjadi Seni Komersial . Yogyakarta: Yayasan untuk Indonesia, 1999.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 313,
"width": 228,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Holt, Claire, Melacak Jejak Perkembangan Seni di Indonesia. Terj. R.M. Soedarsono. Bandung: Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia, 2000.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 378,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kayam, Umar. Seni Tradisi Masyarakat . Jakarta : Sinar Harapan. 1981.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 414,
"width": 228,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Kelir Tanpa Batas. Yogyakarta : Gama Media. 2001.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 450,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koentjaraningrat. Kebudayaan Jawa . Jakarta : Balai Pustaka, 1984.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 485,
"width": 228,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Metode-metode Penelitian Masyarakat. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1997.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 536,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kuntowijoyo. Budaya dan Masyarakat . Yogyakarta : Tiara Wacana, 1987.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 572,
"width": 226,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Penjelasan Sejarah. Yogyakarta. Tiara Wacana. 2008.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 607,
"width": 227,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Larson, George D. Masa Menjelang Revolusi Kraton dan Kehidupan Politik di Surakarta 1912 -1942 . Terj. A.B. Lapian. Yogyakarta : University Press. 1990.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 673,
"width": 229,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lindsay, Jenifer., Klasik Kitsch Kontemporer. Sebuah Studi tentang Seni Pertunjukan Jawa. Terj. Nin Bakdi Sumanto. Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University. 1990.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 89,
"width": 230,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Magnis, Franz Suseno., Etika Jawa . Sebuah Analisa Falsafi tentang Kebijaksanaan Hidup Jawa. Jakarta. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. 2001.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 155,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Murgiyanto, Sal., Kritik Tari, Bekal & Kemampuan Dasar. Jakarta : MSPI. 2002.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 191,
"width": 229,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Ketika Cahaya Merah Memudar. Sebuah Kritik Tari., Jakarta : Deviri Ganan . 1993.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 241,
"width": 227,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Tradisi dan Inovasi, Beberapa masalah tari di Indonesia. Jakarta: Wedatama Widya Sastra, 2004.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 292,
"width": 224,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mulyono, Sri., Wayang dan Karakter Manusia. Jakarta : CV. Haji Masagung. 1989.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 328,
"width": 228,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nanda M. H., Ensiklopedi Wayang. Yogyakarta : Absolut. 2010.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 363,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Purwadi, Falsafah Militer Jawa. Yogyakarta: Sadasiva, 2004",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 399,
"width": 229,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ricklefs, M.C. Sejarah Indonesia Modern . Terj. Dharmono Hardjowidjono. Gajah Mada Yogyakarta : University Press. 1995.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 450,
"width": 227,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rustopo, “ Gendhon Humardani (1923-1983)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": 465,
"width": 200,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": Arsitek dan Pelaksana Pembangunan Kehidupan Seni tradisi Jawa yang Modern Mengindonesia, suatu Biografi.” Tesis S2 Program Studi Sejarah Fakultas Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gajah Mada. Yogyakarta : UGM. 1990.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 560,
"width": 229,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Menjadi Jawa: Orang-orang Cina dan Kebudayaan Jawa di Surakarta 1895 – 1998 . Disertasi S3 Program Studi Universitas Gajah Mada. Yogyakarta. 2006.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 641,
"width": 229,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedyawati, Edi, ed. Tari : Tinjauan dari Berbagai Segi . Jakarta : Pustaka Jaya. 1984.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 692,
"width": 228,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seno A. Sastroamidjojo., Renungan Tentang Pertunjukan Wayang Kulit. Djakarta: P.T.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": 722,
"width": 104,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinta Djakarta. 1964.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 43,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 789,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 15 No. 2 Desember 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 787,
"width": 18,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "126",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 89,
"width": 228,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Supriadi, Dedi., Kreativitas Kebudayaan & Perkembangan IPTEK. Bandung. Alfabeta. 1994.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 139,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Schechner, Richard., Performance Studies. An introduction . London. Routledge. 2003.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 173,
"width": 229,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Perfomance Theory . London, Routledge, 1988",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 207,
"width": 227,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Soedarsono, R.M.. Wayang Wong , Drama Tari Ritual Kenegaraan di Keraton Yogyakarta , Yogyakarta: ISI Yogyakarta 1990.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 256,
"width": 229,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia . Di Era Globalisasi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. 2002",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 306,
"width": 227,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Seni Pertunjukan, Dari Perspektif Politik, Sosial, dan Ekonomi . Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press, 2003.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 355,
"width": 228,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia dan Pariwisata, Bandung: Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia, 2001.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 404,
"width": 228,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Metodologi Penelitian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa. Bandung: Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia, 1999.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 468,
"width": 229,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strinati, Dominic., Popular Culture . Pengantar Menuju Teori Budaya Populer . Terj. Abdul Mukhid. Yogyakarta. Bentang. 1995.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 533,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumardjo, Jakob., Teater dan Drama Indonesia. Bandung. STSI Press. 1997.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 567,
"width": 224,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "__________, Filsafat Seni. Bandung : ITB. 2000.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 586,
"width": 108,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Supanggah, Rahayu.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 586,
"width": 119,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bothekan Karawitan II,",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 601,
"width": 165,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Garap . Surakarta. ISI Press. 2007.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 620,
"width": 228,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Solichin., Wayang . Masterpiece Seni Budaya Dunia . Jakarta : Sinergi Persadatama",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 650,
"width": 88,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Foundation. 2010.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 670,
"width": 228,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Serat Sastramiruda . Terj. Kamajaya, Trans.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 685,
"width": 201,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sudibyo Z. Hadisucipto. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Proyek Penerbitan Buku Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah, 1981.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 89,
"width": 91,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "NARA SUMBER",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 110,
"width": 229,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asmorohadi (K.R.T.Kusumobudoyo) (67)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 328,
"top": 125,
"width": 76,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seniman WOP.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 146,
"width": 229,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cipto Diharjo (72) Seniman WOP Ngesti Pandawa Semarang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 181,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daryono (53), dosen tari Instistut Seni Indonesia (ISI). Surakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 217,
"width": 216,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Joko Suko Sadono (60) Seniman tari Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 238,
"width": 178,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "S. Maridi (alm), empu tari Surakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 258,
"width": 229,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sardono Mloyowibakso (67) Seniman WOP RRI Surakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 294,
"width": 207,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sunarno (56), dosen tari S.T.S.I Surakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 315,
"width": 213,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suratno Seniman WOP Sriwedari Surakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 335,
"width": 227,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tan Gwan Hien (65) Seniman dan Penari Cakil WOP PMS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 371,
"width": 226,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wahyu Santosa Prabawa (57), dosen tari S.T.S.I. Surakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 407,
"width": 194,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Murdadi (alm) Seniman WOP Sriwedari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 427,
"width": 229,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Surono Rono Wibaksa (alm) Seniman WOP Sriwedari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 463,
"width": 226,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dradjat Waluya (alm) Seniman WOP Sri Wanita Semarang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 499,
"width": 224,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hadi Sutarto (alm) Seniman WOP RRI Surakarta",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
acd00a4f-189d-05ad-8fd6-dc198750daee | https://cahaya-ic.com/index.php/SJPE/article/download/882/781 | [
{
"left": 142,
"top": 59,
"width": 183,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Schrödinger:Journal of Physics Education",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 71,
"width": 385,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2024, pp. 62~67 ISSN: 2716-1587, DOI: 10.37251/sjpe.v5i2.882 62",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 776,
"width": 235,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage: http://cahaya-ic.com/index.php/SJPE",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 106,
"width": 397,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in Lenses",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 159,
"width": 261,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wahyu Noor Hidayat 1 , Ronno C. K 2 , Jhon Alfredo Silva Alé 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 171,
"width": 430,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, State University of Malang, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 181,
"width": 229,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Department of Physics, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 191,
"width": 248,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3 Departamento de Educación, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 233,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article Info",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 233,
"width": 54,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 251,
"width": 64,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article history:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 269,
"width": 93,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received Jan 15, 2024 Revised May 07, 2024",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 292,
"width": 102,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Accepted Jun 21, 2024 OnlineFirst Jun 22, 2024",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 251,
"width": 289,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Purpose of the study: This research aims to analyze physics students' understanding of the concept of image formation in lenses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 278,
"width": 289,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Methodology: This method uses qualitative methods with a research design, namely documentation studies, data collection instruments using interview sheets with data analysis techniques, namely the Miles and Huberman technique.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 315,
"width": 289,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Main Findings: Based on the research results, it can be seen that the level of students' conceptual understanding of image formation is increasing. This is shown by the number of student respondents who answered correctly during the written test, the number increased during the interview test and the average number of respondents who answered correctly was more than half of the total number of respondents. The increase in understanding of this concept occurred because the student respondents were better prepared when taking the interview test than when taking the written test. The respondent students were better prepared because the respondents' memories were revived after the written test.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 333,
"width": 444,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Novelty/Originality of this study: This innovative approach not only highlights the importance of active learning strategies in education but also underscores the potential of sequential testing to foster deeper conceptual understanding among students. Keywords: Analysis Image Formation Lenses",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 385,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Physics Learning",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 397,
"width": 101,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Understanding Concepts",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 468,
"width": 199,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY license",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 527,
"width": 99,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Corresponding Author:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 539,
"width": 94,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wahyu Noor Hidayat,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 550,
"width": 432,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, Semarang Street No. 5, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 621,
"width": 104,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 633,
"width": 456,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In the current era of globalization, the main resources are no longer natural resources but quality human resources. To get quality human resources, a person must receive quality education[1], [2]. Quality education can shape and develop a person's abilities and personality[3], [4]. Education is the main forum for maintaining and growing personality[5], [6]. Education has a very important role in forming reliable human resources as the main component of nation building.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 690,
"width": 456,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Apart from that, reliable human resources also have the ability to apply the knowledge they have acquired. One branch of science that has developed rapidly is physics. Physics is one of the branches of science that is most often related to human life[7], [8]. The nature of physics itself is science in physical form, so physics is the science most clearly felt by humans in carrying out their own lives[9], [10]. Physics is an empirical science that cannot be completed without understanding the concepts [11], [12]. As is the characteristic of science, science is an understanding of natural concepts, so learning physics is incomplete, it feels like you only understand the calculations of formulas without understanding the meaning or concept of the physical material [13], [14], [15].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 59,
"width": 67,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 252,
"top": 59,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2716-1587",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 482,
"top": 57,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 776,
"width": 429,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in … (Wahyu Noor Hidayat)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 59,
"width": 456,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "63 The importance of physics material is so important that in learning physics, students must successfully master the material being taught. Success in learning is determined by the achievement of the instructional objectives in the material [16], [17], [18]. Instructional objectives are said to be achieved if the indicators of the material taught can be achieved or can be mastered by students [19], [20]. The same thing is also experienced by most physics teachers, who only explain physics with formulas that according to their perception can represent physics or it could be said that most physics teachers mathematicize physics [21], [22]. The formulas are presented as if they were mathematical formulas and not the result of an inductive process regarding phenomena in the reality of natural objects.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 165,
"width": 456,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The lens is a clear object that is bounded by two planes, either all curved planes or one curved and one flat [23], [24], [25]. There are two types of lenses, namely convex lenses and concave lenses. Both have different characteristics in the image formation process. This is where student 4 sometimes experiences errors in understanding the formation of images in the lens. The existence of a journal about the development and analysis of conceptual understanding in optical material has increasingly motivated researchers to examine the level of understanding of physics students' concepts regarding lenses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 234,
"width": 456,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Previous research has been carried out regarding physics students' understanding of the concept in determining the direction of force, it was found that students still have difficulty in determining the direction of the resultant force [26]. The number of students who chose the correct option was 86.96% of students on the first question, 15.22% on the second question and 34.78% on the third question. From the reasons given by students, not all students who chose the correct option gave the right reasons. The reasons given still show many misconceptions. Previous research that is in line with this research was conducted by John et al. [27] regarding Learners' Conceptual Understanding about Image formation by lenses. The difference between this research and the research that researchers conducted is the sample in that research.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 326,
"width": 456,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The difference between this research and the research that researchers conducted is the sample in that research. The novelty of the research lies in its exploration of the effectiveness of utilizing interview tests as a method to enhance students' conceptual understanding of image formation. Unlike traditional written tests, which often only assess surface-level knowledge, the interview test provided an opportunity for students to deepen their understanding through active engagement and discussion [28]. The findings reveal a significant increase in the number of correct responses during the interview test compared to the written test, indicating a clear improvement in students' comprehension of the concept. Furthermore, the study unveils the cognitive benefits of sequential testing methodologies, wherein the initial written test served to prime students' memories, resulting in better preparation and performance during the subsequent interview test.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 430,
"width": 456,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research has significant implications in the context of education and learning evaluation. These findings highlight the importance of integrating diverse evaluation methods, such as written tests and interviews, in the learning process to improve students' conceptual understanding. By utilizing interviews as a tool to encourage active discussion and reflection, teachers can help students deepen their understanding of the subject matter. In addition, the finding that initial written exams can improve students' readiness and performance in interview exams shows the benefits of using sequential testing strategies in improving learning outcomes. These implications underscore the importance of considering variations in evaluation methods to enrich students' learning experiences and increase the effectiveness of classroom teaching [29], [30], [31].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 522,
"width": 456,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on experience and survey results conducted by researchers after taking the optics course, one of the materials that some physics students think is easy but according to other physics students is difficult is optics. Students said it was difficult because when faced with questions that were slightly different from the examples given by the lecturer, students had difficulty solving the questions. However, if given a question that is similar to the example given, students are able to do it correctly. This raises questions for researchers about how physics students actually understand the concept of lens material. In fact, as a physics student, you are required to understand the existing concepts, so that when explaining to students during the Physics Field Experience Practice you are able to explain the concept of lenses to students clearly for education study program students, so that when you become a teacher it doesn't make students confused in understanding material in the lens.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 648,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. RESEARCH METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 660,
"width": 86,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.1 Research Type",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 672,
"width": 456,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Qualitative research methods are research approaches used to understand and explain complex phenomena in their natural context [32]. Qualitative research often involves collecting descriptive data, narrative analysis, and interpreting the meaning of a phenomenon [33].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 717,
"width": 96,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.2 Research Sample",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 729,
"width": 456,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In this qualitative research, the research sample was physics education students at Malang State University. With the sampling technique, namely random sampling technique. Random sampling technique is a sampling method in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as part of the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 57,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 437,
"top": 59,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2716-1587",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 776,
"width": 206,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed, Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2024: 62 - 67",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 59,
"width": 456,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "64 sample [34], [35]. In this technique, each unit or individual in the population has the same probability of being part of the sample taken.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 108,
"width": 136,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.3 Data Collection Technique",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 119,
"width": 456,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The data collection instrument for this research used interviews. Interview instruments are used to collect data directly from research participants through structured or semi-structured conversations. Researchers designed a series of questions related to the research topic, namely the formation of images on lenses and used interview guidelines to ensure consistency in data collection [36].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 177,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.4 Data Analysis Technique",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 188,
"width": 456,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Miles and Huberman analysis is a systematic approach to processing and presenting qualitative data in research [37], [38]. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman approach, which is a structured approach to qualitative data analysis. This approach consists of several main stages:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 220,
"width": 445,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "• Data Reduction: Data from interviews is reduced into smaller units, such as themes or categories that are relevant to the formation of the image on the lens.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 244,
"width": 446,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "• Data Presentation: The reduced data is presented in the form of narratives or quotes that represent the main findings of the analysis.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 268,
"width": 446,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "• Drawing Conclusions/Verification: At this stage, the researcher draws conclusions or verifies the findings that emerge from data analysis. This involves in-depth interpretation and interpretation of the meaning of the findings.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 329,
"width": 157,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 340,
"width": 456,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the results of interviews with several physics students at Malang University, they explained the formation of images in lenses based on the students' understanding of physics concepts. The interview results were found as shown in the following table:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 386,
"width": 430,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1. Results of interviews with physics students regarding understanding image formation in lenses Questions Physics Student Answers How do students explain the formation of images in lenses based on the",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 410,
"width": 444,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "students' understanding of physics concepts? Student A When light passes through a lens, it is refracted according to the law of light refraction. The image is formed at the point where the refracted light rays meet. So, in a converging lens, the image is formed on the other side of the object, while in a diverging lens, the image is formed on the same side as the object.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 468,
"width": 42,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Student B",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 468,
"width": 275,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The formation of images in the lens is related to the refraction of light. I understand that a converging lens focuses light to form a real image on the other side of the lens, while a diverging lens creates a virtual image on the same side as the object. This is related to the concept of the focal point of the lens.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 525,
"width": 360,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Student C Basically, image formation in the lens is related to focus and conjugate points. When light passes through a converging lens, it is focused on a focal point on the other side of the lens, forming a real image. Meanwhile, a diverging lens creates a virtual image because the light appears to come from a focal point on the same side as the object. Student D",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 594,
"width": 275,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "I understand that converging and diverging lenses have different properties in forming images. A converging lens focuses light to form a real image, while a diverging lens creates a virtual image that appears to come from behind the lens. This has to do with the shape of the lens and the way light is refracted.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 664,
"width": 455,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1. Above evaluates physics students' basic understanding of what is meant by an image in a lens. Consider whether the student can provide an accurate and comprehensive definition.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 687,
"width": 456,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Image formation in a lens is an optical phenomenon that occurs when light passes through the lens and forms an image of an object across the lens [39]. This process involves the refraction of light and the focusing of light rays by the lens [40]. There are two main types of lenses that can form images, namely converging lenses and diverging lenses. Converging lenses, also known as convex lenses, have a shape that allows them to focus light rays. This results in the formation of a real image on the other side of the lens. The focus of a converging lens is the point where parallel light rays passing through the lens will meet after passing through the lens [41]. The real image is formed at the focal point on the other side of the lens.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 59,
"width": 67,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 252,
"top": 59,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2716-1587",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 482,
"top": 57,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 776,
"width": 429,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in … (Wahyu Noor Hidayat)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 59,
"width": 456,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "65 A diverging lens, or concave lens, has a shape that causes the light rays passing through the lens to appear to originate from a focal point on the same side as the object. This results in the formation of a virtual image [42], [43]. The focus of a diverging lens is the point where light rays appear to originate after passing through the lens. The virtual image is formed at the focal point on the same side as the object. The size and shape of the image is influenced by the position of the object and the type of lens used. Changes in object distance or adjustments to the lens can change the size and shape of the image.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 142,
"width": 456,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The focal point is the point where parallel light rays meet after passing through the lens. In a converging lens, the focus point is located on the other side of the lens, while in a diverging lens, the focus point is located on the same side as the object [44]. Conjugate points are pairs of points at which an image of an object is formed on the lens. In a converging lens, the real image is formed on the other side of the lens, while in a diverging lens, the virtual image is formed on the same side as the object. It is important to remember that image formation in lenses involves the principles of light refraction, and knowledge of converging and diverging lenses is very relevant in explaining this phenomenon. These concepts are important in the study of geometric optics and have applications in a variety of fields, including imaging and optical design.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 234,
"width": 456,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the results of interviews with four physics students regarding understanding the concept of image formation in lenses, it was found that Student A clearly explained that image formation in lenses occurs through refraction of light. Students note that in a converging lens, the image is formed on the other side of the object, while in a diverging lens, the image is formed on the same side as the object. The explanation includes the laws of light refraction and the location of the shadows formed. Student B presented his understanding by detailing the relationship between image formation in a lens and light refraction. Students relate this concept to a converging lens that focuses light to form a real image and a diverging lens that creates a virtual image.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 315,
"width": 456,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The understanding includes the concept of the lens focal point. Student C highlighted the connection between image formation in the lens and the focus and conjugation point. Students explain that a converging lens focuses light on a focal point on the other side of the lens, creating a real image. On the other hand, a diverging lens creates a virtual image because the light appears to come from a focal point on the same side as the object. Student D shows his understanding of the differences in the properties of converging and diverging lenses in image formation. Students describe that a converging lens focuses light to form a real image, while a diverging lens creates a virtual image that appears to come from behind the lens. The explanation includes the shape of the lens and the way light is refracted.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 407,
"width": 456,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From the explanation of the interview with the students, it can be concluded that overall, these students have a good understanding of the concept of image formation on a lens. Students can explain basic principles such as light refraction, focus points, and the concept of converging/divergent lenses. Variations in student explanations demonstrate students' deep understanding and ability to relate the concept to relevant physical principles. The understanding demonstrated by students can provide a strong basis for further learning. It is recommended to continue to build student understanding through deeper discussions, experiments, or application of concepts in real situations. It is also important to ensure that students can relate the concept of image formation to a more general physics context.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 499,
"width": 456,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Previous research conducted by Uwamahoro et al. [45] regarding physics students' conceptual understanding of geometric optics: revisited analysis. The difference between this research and the research conducted is the media used. This innovative approach not only highlights the importance of active learning strategies in education but also underscores the potential of sequential testing to foster deeper conceptual understanding among students. Short-term impacts of this research may include improving students' conceptual understanding of image formation, which could be reflected in improved performance on related tests and exams. In addition, teachers and educators can directly apply these findings by integrating interview methods in their learning evaluations, increasing active interactions between students and subject matter and deepening their conceptual understanding.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 603,
"width": 456,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "On the other hand, the long-term impact can be more substantial. This research can stimulate changes in learning evaluation approaches in schools and other educational institutions. The use of diverse evaluation methods and an emphasis on conceptual understanding can lead to a paradigm shift in education, from an emphasis on memorization and mastery of factual knowledge to a deeper and more applicable understanding. This can influence curricula, teaching methodologies and overall teacher training, with the potential to improve the quality of education in the long term. Additionally, recognition of the efficacy of sequential testing methods could stimulate continued research in the fields of learning evaluation and educational psychology, resulting in a deeper understanding of effective and sustainable evaluation strategies.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 717,
"width": 91,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 729,
"width": 456,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the results of interviews with students, it can be concluded that overall, these students have a good understanding of the concept of image formation on lenses. Students can explain basic principles such as light refraction, focus points, and the concept of converging/divergent lenses. Variations in student explanations",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 57,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 437,
"top": 59,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2716-1587",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 776,
"width": 206,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed, Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2024: 62 - 67",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 59,
"width": 456,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "66 demonstrate students' deep understanding and ability to relate the concept to relevant physical principles. For future research, it is recommended to investigate the effectiveness of using interview methods in improving students' conceptual understanding in various subjects and educational levels. Additionally, further research could explore the role of contextual factors, such as the learning environment and student learning styles, in influencing the effectiveness of sequential testing strategies for deepening conceptual understanding.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 154,
"width": 120,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 165,
"width": 370,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The author would like to thank all parties involved so that this research could be completed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 188,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 198,
"width": 453,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1] R. Nurmalasari, R. Dian, P. Wati, P. Puspitasari, W. Diana, and N. K. Dewi, “55-Riana-Nurmalasari-Reta-Dian-Purnama- Wati-Poppy-Puspitasari,” pp. 722–733, 2013.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 220,
"width": 455,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[2] S. Ineu, M. Teni, H. Yadi, H. H. Asep, and Prihantini, “Analisis Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di Sekolah Penggerak,” J. basicedu , vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 8248–8258, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 239,
"width": 455,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[3] E. Sulistiani and Masrukan, “Pentingnya Berpikir Kritis dalam Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Menghadapi Tantangan MEA,” Semin. Nas. Mat. X Univ. Semarang , pp. 605–612, 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 260,
"width": 455,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[4] S. W. Oktavia, H. Mansur, and M.Hidayat, “Investigasi Keterampilan Mengajar Guru Fisika di SMA N 9 Kerinci,” J. Relativ. , vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 24–30, 2023.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 283,
"width": 456,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[5] S. W. Octavia, N. Septiani, F. Sinaga, and N. N. Qoidah, “Analysis Of The Relationship In Learning Interest To Learning Outcomes Static Fluid Material In Senior High School,” J. Ilm. Ilmu Terap. Univ. Jambi , vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 31–41, 2023, doi: 10.22437/jiituj.v7i1.26696.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 312,
"width": 456,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[6] N. J. Alsaleh, “Teaching Critical Thinking Skills : Literature Review,” Turkish Online J. Educ. Technol. , vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 21–39, 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 332,
"width": 456,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[7] W. A. Putri, A. Astalini, and D. Darmaji, “Analisis Kegiatan Praktikum untuk Dapat Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis,” Edukatif J. Ilmu Pendidik. , vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 3361–3368, 2022, doi: 10.31004/edukatif.v4i3.2638.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 363,
"width": 455,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[8] N. Nada, H. Mustapa, Nur Kholija Harahap, and S. W. Oktavia, “Analysis Of Emotional Intelligence On Science Learning Achievement,” EduFisika , vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 261–267, 2023, doi: 10.59052/edufisika.v8i1.24864.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 384,
"width": 456,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[9] W. A. Pratama, S. Hartini, and Misbah, “Analisis Literasi Digital Siswa Melalui Penerapan E-Learning Berbasis Schoology,” J. Inov. dan Pembelajaran Fis. , vol. 06, no. 1, pp. 9–13, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 407,
"width": 455,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[10] Aziz, A. Fauzan, F. I. Putri, and M.Yudis, “Perbandingan Minat Belajar Ipa Fisika Siswa Pada Dua Kelas Di Pondok Pesantren,” J. Kependidikan , vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 26–37, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 427,
"width": 456,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[11] N. Nursyamsiah, “Minat Belajar dan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa terhadap Kreativitas Belajar Sejarah Siswa Kelas X IPS MAN 1 Kabupaten Sarolangun,” Indones. J. Educ. Res. , vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 57–61, 2022, doi: 10.37251/ijoer.v3i3.562.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 448,
"width": 456,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[12] Samijo and D. D. Romadona, “A Study of Science Process Skills on Simple Pendulum Materials,” SchrödingerJournal Phys. Educ. , vol. 4, no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.37251/sjpe.v4i1.494.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 469,
"width": 455,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[13] E. A. Adekanye, “The use of electronic media by students of Yaba College of Technology, Lagos State, Nigeria: A qualitative study,” J. Libr. Serv. Technol. , vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1–16, 2023, doi: 10.47524/jlst.v5i3.2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 490,
"width": 456,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[14] G. Mc Pherson-Geyser, R. de Villiers, and P. Kavai, “The use of experiential learning as a teaching strategy in life sciences,” Int. J. Instr. , vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 877–894, 2020, doi: 10.29333/iji.2020.13358a.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 510,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[15] M. Nasir, C. Cari, W. Sunarno, and F. Rahmawati, “The effect of STEM-based guided inquiry on light concept understanding and scientific explanation,” Eurasia J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ. , vol. 18, no. 11, 2022, doi: 10.29333/ejmste/12499.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 541,
"width": 456,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[16] M. Sailer, F. Schultz-Pernice, and F. Fischer, “Contextual facilitators for learning activities involving technology in higher education: The C ♭ -model,” Comput. Human Behav. , vol. 121, no. October 2020, p. 106794, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106794.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 574,
"width": 455,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[17] A. Alenezi, “The role of e-learning materials in enhancing teaching and learning behaviors,” Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol. , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 48–56, 2020, doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.1.1338.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 593,
"width": 456,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[18] D. C. Edelson et al. , “Developing Research-Based Instructional Materials to Support Large-Scale Transformation of Science Teaching and Learning: The Approach of the OpenSciEd Middle School Program,” J. Sci. Teacher Educ. , vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 780–804, 2021, doi: 10.1080/1046560X.2021.1877457.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 626,
"width": 456,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[19] E. Kuswanto, “Peranan Guru PAI dalam Pendidikan Akhlak di Sekolah,” MUDARRISA J. Islam. Educ. , vol. 6, no. 2, p. 194, 2015, doi: 10.18326/mdr.v6i2.194-220.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 646,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[20] D. Desilva, I. Sakti, and R. Medriati, “Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Hasil Belajar Fisika Berorientasi Hots (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Pada Materi Elastisitas Dan Hukum Hooke,” J. Kumparan Fis. , vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 41–50, 2020, doi: 10.33369/jkf.3.1.41-50.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 677,
"width": 455,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[21] S. Saharuddin and M. Wahab, “Analisis Kesulitan Dalam Pemebelajaran Ipa Di Smp Negeri Limboro,” J. IPA Terpadu , vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 75–83, 2019, doi: 10.35580/ipaterpadu.v2i2.11148.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 698,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[22] U. Ulfa, E. Saptaningrum, and A. F. Kurniawan, “Pengaruh Model Discovery Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Terpadu Terhadap Penguasaan Literasi Sains Siswa,” Pros. SNFA (Seminar Nas. Fis. dan Apl. , vol. 2, no. 2, p. 257, 2017, doi: 10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v2i0.16408.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 729,
"width": 455,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[23] F. A. Farid Samsu Hananto, “Optimalisasi Tegangan Keluaran Dari Solar Cell Menggunakan Lensa Pemfokus Cahaya Matahari,” J. Neutrino , 2012, doi: 10.18860/neu.v0i0.1934.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 750,
"width": 456,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[24] V. N. VAN HARLING, “Pengaruh Variasi Jumlah Lensa Terhadap Volume Air Tawar Yang Dihasilkan Dari Alat Penyulingan Air Laut Menggunakan Lensa Cembung,” J. Voering , vol. 2, no. 1, p. 43, 2017, doi: 10.32531/jvoe.v2i1.53.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 59,
"width": 67,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sch. Jo. Phs. Ed",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 252,
"top": 59,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN: 2716-1587",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 482,
"top": 57,
"width": 9,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 776,
"width": 429,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analysis of Physics Students' Conceptual Understanding of Image Formation in … (Wahyu Noor Hidayat)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 515,
"top": 59,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "67",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[25] R. Riwayani, R. Perdana, R. Sari, J. Jumadi, and H. Kuswanto, “Analisis kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa pada materi optik: Problem-based learning berbantuan edu-media simulation,” J. Inov. Pendidik. IPA , vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 45–53, 2019, doi: 10.21831/jipi.v5i1.22548.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 104,
"width": 456,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[26] M. R. A. Taqwa, “Profil Pemahaman Konsep Mahasiswa dalam Menentukan Arah Resultan Gaya,” Pros. Semin. Nas. Pendidik. Sains , no. January 2017, pp. 79–87, 2017.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 125,
"width": 455,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[27] M. John, J. M. Molepo, and M. Chirwa, “South African learners’ conceptual understanding about image formation by lenses,” Eurasia J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ. , vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1723–1736, 2017, doi: 10.12973/eurasia.2017.00694a.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 146,
"width": 456,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[28] W. S. Peacarson, “The mediating effects of student beliefs on engagement with written feedback in preparation for high- stakes English writing assessment,” Assess. Writ. , vol. 52, no. January, p. 100611, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.asw.2022.100611.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 166,
"width": 456,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[29] X. C. Cravens and S. B. Hunter, “Assessing the impact of collaborative inquiry on teacher performance and effectiveness,” Sch. Eff. Sch. Improv. , vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 564–606, 2021, doi: 10.1080/09243453.2021.1923532.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 187,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[30] A. S. Alanazi, A. A. Almulla, and M. A. S. Khasawneh, “Evaluating the Effects of Integrating Cognitive Presence Strategies on Teacher Attitudes and Student Learning Outcomes in Special Education and Autism Classrooms,” Int. J. Spec. Educ. , vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 80–89, 2023, doi: 10.52291/ijse.2023.38.24.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 218,
"width": 456,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[31] G. W. Wright and S. Park, “The effects of flipped classrooms on K-16 students’ science and math achievement: a systematic review,” Stud. Sci. Educ. , vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 95–136, 2022, doi: 10.1080/03057267.2021.1933354.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 239,
"width": 454,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[32] Amirotun Sholikhah, “Statistik Deskriptif Dalam Penelitian Kualitatif,” Komun. Islam , vol. 10, no. No. 2 (2016), pp. 1– 21, 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 259,
"width": 456,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[33] H. Subekti and D. N. Qomariyah, “Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif: Studi Eksplorasi Siswa Di Smpn 62 Surabaya,” Pensa E-Jurnal Pendidik. Sains , vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 242–246, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 280,
"width": 455,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[34] Nurdin, D. Hamdhana, and M. Iqbal, “Aplikasi Quick Count Pilkada Dengan Menggunakan Metode Random Sampling Berbasis Android,” e-Journal Techsi Tek. Inf. , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 141–154, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 301,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[35] M. Smachew, M. F. Melak, A. Atenafu, and A. K. Belew, “Lifestyle Modification Practice and Associated Factors Among Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients in Selected Hospitals in Central Gondar Zone,” Nutr. Metab. Insights , vol. 15, 2022, doi: 10.1177/11786388221088245.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 332,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[36] M. Sholihah and N. Amaliyah, “Peran Guru Dalam Menerapkan Metode Diskusi Kelompok Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar,” J. Cakrawala Pendas , vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 898–905, 2022, doi: 10.31949/jcp.v8i3.2826.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 363,
"width": 455,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[37] A. Astalini, D. A. Kurniawan, and S. Sumaryanti, “Sikap Siswa Terhadap Pelajaran Fisika di SMAN Kabupaten Batanghari,” JIPF (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidik. Fis. , 2018, doi: 10.26737/jipf.v3i2.694.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 384,
"width": 456,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[38] Astalini, Darmaji, D. A. Kurniawan, S. W. Oktavia, E. Triani, and M. Z. Azzahra, “The Exploration of Character Values in Physics Learning on Momentum, Impulse, and Collision Materials,” J. Educ. Res. Eval. , vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 277–284, 2023, doi: 10.23887/jere.v7i2.52381.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 415,
"width": 456,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[39] W. Nugraheni, “Peningkatan Kemampuan Mendeskripsikan Proses Pembentukan Bayangan Melalui Media Animasi Pada Siswa Kelas Viii-G Smpn 1 Puncu,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA , vol. 3, no. 2, p. 77, 2019, doi: 10.26740/jppipa.v3n2.p77-81.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 444,
"width": 454,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[40] Nirsal, “Perangkat Lunak Pembentukan Bayangan pada Cermin dan Lensa,” J. Ilm. d’Computare , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 24– 33, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 466,
"width": 455,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[41] E. Andriana, T. Djudin, and S. B. Arsyid, “Remediasi Miskonsepsi Pembiasan Cahaya Pada Lensa Tipis Menggunakan Direct Instruction Berbantuan Animasi Flash Sma,” J. Pendidik. dan Pembelajaran , vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 487,
"width": 455,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[42] Rizal, “Perangkat pengukur rabun jauh dan rabun dekat pada mata berbasis mikrokontroler,” no. June, pp. 90–97, 2014.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 498,
"width": 456,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[43] V. D. Sekerin, M. N. Dudin, A. E. Gorokhova, V. I. Gayduk, and V. I. Volkov, “Creation of a Virtual Image: Digital Technology of the 21st Century,” Amaz. Investig. , vol. 8, no. 20, pp. 340–348, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 518,
"width": 455,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[44] A. S. Anhar, I. D. Sara, and R. H. Siregar, “Desain Prototype Sel Surya Terkonsentrasi Menggunakan Lensa Fresnel,” J. Online Tek. Elektro , vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1–7, 2017.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 539,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[45] J. Uwamahoro, K. Ndihokubwayo, M. Ralph, and I. Ndayambaje, “Physics Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Geometric Optics: Revisited Analysis,” J. Sci. Educ. Technol. , vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 706–718, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10956- 021-09913-4.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
60c356c4-b58a-de12-6aa7-12c33224cad5 | https://e-journal.uac.ac.id/index.php/iijse/article/download/1576/714 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 728,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Muhammad Ulul Azmi et al. 201",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 73,
"width": 353,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PRODUCTIVE WAQF FUND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 98,
"width": 123,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Muhammad Ulul Azmi 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 115,
"width": 277,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 153,
"width": 111,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setiawan bin Lahuri 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 170,
"width": 280,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 208,
"width": 139,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fazari Zulhasmi Kanggas 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 225,
"width": 277,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 264,
"width": 105,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Imam Kamaluddin 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 280,
"width": 277,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 319,
"width": 184,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Soritua Ahmad Ramdani Harahap 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 336,
"width": 277,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ponorogo, Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 391,
"width": 48,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 418,
"width": 445,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This article aims to provide an example for waqf management institutions in developing the benefits of productive waqf by implementing a good waqf management strategy and following the concept and purpose of waqf. With the increasing public interest in waqf and the increasing number of waqf management institutions throughout the world and especially in Indonesia. Along with that, there has not been a desire that can be emulated by waqf management institutions in determining the management strategy of productive waqf funds to develop the benefits of productive waqf itself. This type of research is qualitative research with data collection techniques conducted by conducting interviews with nadzir waqf in PM. Darussalam Gontor. This research shows that PM. Darussalam Gontor has a unique strategy in managing productive waqf funds while still looking at the purpose of the existing waqf, more than that, many communities around the boarding school can also benefit from productive waqf in PM. Darussalam Gontor. This research is expected to be a guide in developing the benefits of productive waqf in waqf management institutions in Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 625,
"width": 432,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords : Waqf fund Management Strategy, Productive Waqf, PM. Darussalam Gontor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 202",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 95,
"width": 445,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Waqf is one form of al-'ibadah al-maliyah which is closely related to the development of the welfare of the people (Mukhlisin 2004). Throughout Islamic history, waqf has developed and played an important role in developing the social, economic, and cultural activities of the community. In addition, the existence of waqf has also facilitated scholars and students with various adequate facilities and infrastructure to conduct research and education, to reduce dependence on operational funds on the government. The prominent role of waqf can be seen in various Islamic educational facilities found in Egypt, Mecca, and Medina which have been long-lived and are financed by waqf funds (Najib&Al-Makassary).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 282,
"width": 445,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "There are some differences between zakat, infaq, and alms, the existence of waqf as al-'ibadah al-maliyah is not explicitly mentioned in the Qur'an . Excavation of waqf law is carried out by scholars by elaborating the messages implicit in the Qur'an and the existing texts of the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad. Hadith texts related to waqf law are ijmali and general laws. The details of waqf law as contained in the study of fiqh are all the results of ijtihad from the scholars (Zarqa 1997).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 406,
"width": 445,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In Indonesia, there are still many waqf assets that are only managed consumptively and very traditionally. So that its role as a catalyst for social and economic problems of the people is not optimal. Several problems make the potential of waqf in Indonesia not yet productive. In addition to its management which tends to be consumptive and traditional, another problem lies with nazhir as the holder of the mandate of the waqif (the person who makes waqf ) to manage and develop the waqf property.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 530,
"width": 445,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Empowerment of waqf property with good and modern management is necessary to establish the economic strength of the people to improve the welfare of the community. This is also adopted by Law no. 41 of 2004 concerning waqf which regulates various things that allow waqf objects to be managed productively so that the development of productive waqf now has a strong legal basis and is no longer a problem. The emergence of this law is a bright spot and fresh air for waqf in Indonesia. In it, there is an explanation of movable waqf objects and immovable waqf objects (Law No. 41 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 675,
"width": 445,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Although the impact of productive waqf has not yet been felt by most of the community, the management of productive waqf has begun to be carried out by several",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 203",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 445,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "educational institutions or institutions. PM. Darussalam Gontor is one of the educational institutions that is considered successful in efforts to manage productive waqf, as stated in the results Research Center for Study of Religion and Culture (CSRC) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Since the early period of PM. Darussalam Gontor development, this boarding school has referred to itself as a “Waqf Islamic Boarding School”, which was officially donated by the three founders of PM. Darussalam Gontor (Trimurti) on October 12, 1958, by handing it over to the community (Muslims) who were entrusted to the PM. Darussalam Gontor waqf itself as a waqf agency representing Muslims (Zarkasyi 2005).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 240,
"width": 445,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The effectiveness of waqf property management in PM. Darussalam Gontor has developed very satisfactorily since the waqf. The development of the existing waqf started from waqf land covering an area of 18.59 ha, and currently, the number of lands managed by PM. Darussalam Gontor reaches 1,564.0612 ha. Meanwhile, the annual cash waqf assets from student alms and contributions from the guardians of students in 2007 reached Rp. 21,890,992,034 and increasing every year until in 2017 it reached 37,485,000,000. And also productive waqf assets derived from the results of the management of business units increased from 2007 which obtained 11,503,496,840 to 19,294,847,446 in 2009 (Wardun, 2017). This proves that PM. Darussalam Gontor has good waqf asset management effectiveness.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 447,
"width": 445,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Based on the data and explanation above, the researcher is interested in further exploring the fund management implemented by PM. Darussalam Gontor is an educational institution that has been established for 95 years since its establishment in 1926. Along with increasing public trust in PM. Darussalam Gontor, so currently this boarding school has more than 24 branches and houses more than 25 thousand students and female students from all over the country.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 572,
"width": 445,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Through this research, it is hoped that researchers will be able to get an explanation of how productive waqf fund management is carried out in PM. Darussalam Gontor in developing waqf assets, so that the results of this research can be utilized by other waqf management institutions. And more than that, this research is expected to be able to become an input in the literacy development of productive waqf and its implementation in other educational institutions or related.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 204",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "REVIEW OF LITERATURE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 103,
"width": 445,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Many kinds of research on productive waqf have been carried out, here are some studies that can assist researchers in understanding productive waqf management and its development in Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 174,
"width": 445,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "According to Abdul Haris Naim regarding the development of waqf objects including the ijtihad area, so that there will be many ways to be able to add other types of waqf objects (Naim 2017). Then An'im Fattach stated that this research was made using a qualitative method with a library approach. As a result, it is known that productive waqf is a means for social reconstruction and development, in which the majority of the population can participate (Fattach 2015). To realize this participation, various efforts have been made to introduce the importance of cash waqf as a means of transferring the savings of the rich to entrepreneurs and intensively. In this form, the capital (waqf property) is invested, then the results of the investment are distributed to those who are entitled. Riris Fatmawati also conducted research using descriptive qualitative methods, the results showed that the existing waqf land has the potential to be developed into a productive, proposed model of waqf management based on mudharabah sukuk there are two models, namely asset-based mudharabah sukuk and capital-based mudharabah sukuk (Fatmawati 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 457,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "RESEARCH METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 477,
"width": 445,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The research was conducted in PM. Darussalam Gontor is located in the village. District Gontor. Mlarak, District. Ponorogo, East Java. This type of research uses qualitative research methods, with descriptive analysis. Bogdan and Taylor define qualitative methods as research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observed behavior. According to them, this approach is directed at the background and the individual holistically (Utsman 2014). Qualitative research methods are also often called naturalistic research methods because the research is carried out in natural conditions (natural settings). This method is used to obtain in-depth data, data that contains meaning. Meaning is actual data, definite data which is a value behind visible data (Sugiyono 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 205",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 445,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The data sources used in this study are divided into two, namely, primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data taken from primary sources or the first source in the field (Ibrahim 2015). In this case, interviews were conducted with the people who were the management in PM. Darussalam Gontor and important documents in the field. Secondary data is data that supports or provides useful information related to this research, both internal and external data (Indrintoro 2002).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 199,
"width": 445,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In collecting the required data and information, the researcher uses three main data collection techniques commonly used in qualitative field studies such as observation, interviews, and documents. These three techniques, according to Merriam, are generally referred to as triangulation (Merriam 1990).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 282,
"width": 445,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The data analysis used is qualitative data analysis, which is carried out in a non-statistical way, namely the process for arranging the order of the data, organizing it into patterns, categories, and basic descriptions, until reaching the interpretation process (Kaelan 2012). Miles and Huberman (1994) in Ibrahim's writings suggest that activities in qualitative data analysis are carried out interactively and take place continuously and thoroughly so that the data is saturated. This activity consists of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and testing (Ibrahim 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 441,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 461,
"width": 101,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fund Management",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 482,
"width": 445,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Management in Islam is called idarah which is taken from the words adartasy-syai'i or adarta bihi which can also be based on the word ad-dauran . Therefore, in the Elias Modern Dictionary English Arabic the word management is matched with the words tadbir , idara , siyasah and qiyadah in the Arabic dictionary (Muhammad 2005). In the view of Islam, the most important thing in management is the nature of ri'ayah or the spirit of leadership. Leadership itself in Islam is a major factor in the concept of management. This basic nature is the most important part of humans as khalifah fil-ard (Aziz 2010) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 627,
"width": 445,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Management in business entities is generally driven by a profit motive, therefore management must be carried out in an efficient manner. Management in general means a special activity that includes leadership, direction, personal development, planning and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 206",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 445,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "supervision of the work relating to the main elements in a project, so that the targeted results can be achieved in an effective and efficient manner (Muhammad, 2002).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 445,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "While fund management is a process of regulating financial activities or activities within an organization in which there are activities such as planning, analysis, and control of all financial activities. James C. Van Hornes defines fund management as all activities related to the acquisition, financing, and management of assets for several purposes (Mulyawan, 2015). The activity can be described as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 285,
"top": 220,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Figure 1",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 229,
"top": 234,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fund Management Activities",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 434,
"width": 282,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fund management itself has several objectives as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 454,
"width": 108,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Get optimal profit",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 475,
"width": 226,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Provide adequate cash and liquid activities",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 496,
"width": 82,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Save backup",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 516,
"width": 401,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Managing the activities of economic institutions with appropriate policies for someone who acts as a custodian of other people’s funds.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 555,
"width": 395,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Meeting the community’s need for financing (Andrianto&Firmansyah, 2019).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 591,
"width": 264,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf and its Management in Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 619,
"width": 445,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In-Law Number 41 of 2004, waqf is defined as \"the legal act of wakif to separate and/or surrender part of his property to be used forever or for a certain period following his interests for worship and/or public welfare according to sharia.\" With the development of the times, waqf is no longer associated with the object of waqf in the form of the land but",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 278,
"width": 167,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fundraising Use of Funds Asset Management",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 207",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 445,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "has penetrated other forms. In Indonesia, several new types of waqf have been accommodated legally with the existence of Law No. 41 of 2004 concerning waqf. This is a form of refinement of the waqf concept contained in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) (Sudirman&Arofah, 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 166,
"width": 445,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The emergence of Law no. 41 of 2004 which was strengthened by PP No. 42 of 2006 concerning its implementation has provided a new paradigm of waqf, where apart from being a religious institution or worship, waqf is also a potential economic force if it is empowered productively for the welfare of the people. Productive waqf can also be interpreted as assets used for production activities such as agriculture, industry, and services, then profit from the development of waqf are distributed to groups who are entitled to receive according to the purpose of waqf (Rahman&Widiastuti, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 318,
"width": 445,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The definition of productive waqf according to the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia is defined as a transformation from natural waqf management to professional waqf to increase or increase the benefits of waqf. So, it can develop and produce, whose process is managed in a managerial and professional manner (Depag, 2015). In the management of waqf and its development, the law explains the following provisions (Law No. 41 2004): a) Waqf management must comply with sharia principles; b) Waqf management methods must be carried out productively; c) If management requires a guarantor, it must use a sharia guarantor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 492,
"width": 445,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Then in the explanation of Law Number 41 of 2004, it is explained about ways to produce waqf, the methods referred to include collecting, investing, producing, partnering, trading, agribusiness, mining, industry, technology development, building construction, apartments, flats, markets, supermarkets, shops, offices, educational facilities and health facilities, and businesses that do not conflict with sharia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 208",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 334,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund Management in PM. Darussalam Gontor",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 96,
"width": 184,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "History of PM. Darussalam Gontor",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 445,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PM. Darussalam Gontor could not find the history of the existence of Tegalsari boarding school which is located in Ponorogo, East Java. This boarding school then lives and develops from generation to generation. However, when it began to enter the 19th century or precisely when it was led by the fourth generation of Kyai Ageng Muhammad Besari family, the Tegalsari boarding school began to decline (Zarkasyi 2005). Since then the old Gontor Islamic Boarding School began, and by bringing 40 students from Tegalsari boarding school, the old Gontor grew and developed under the leadership of Kyai Arkham Anom Besari who was the son of Kyai Sulaiman Jamaluddin. At that time, Gontor students came from various regions to the West Java Pasundan (Muslim, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 302,
"width": 445,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "After Kyai Santoso, Gontor boarding school did not see any educational activities, this was due to the lack of attention to regeneration. This situation did not make Kyai Santoso's wife resigned to seeing Pondok Gontor Boarding School lost to history, Nyai Santoso then sent his three sons to several boarding school and educational institutions to be able to deepen their religious knowledge and continue his father's struggle to develop Gontor Boarding School. The three sons were Kyai Ahmad Sahal (1901-1967), Kyai Zainuddin Fanani (1908-1967) and Kyai Imam Zarkasyi (1910-1985), these three brothers who later became known as \"Trimurti\" the founder of PM Darussalam Gontor (Zarkasyi, 2005).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 486,
"width": 445,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "On 28 Rabi'ul Awwal 1378 which coincided with October 12 th , 1958, at 10:30 at the hall PM. Darussalam Gontor, the Trimurti consisting of K.R.H. Ahmad Sahal, K.R.H. Zainuddin Fananie, and K.R.H. Imam Zarkasyi has officially pledged to endow his wealth and boarding school to Muslims. And the second party who is considered to represent Muslims when this important event is 15 IKPM members from various regions in Indonesia (Piagam). After PM. Darussalam Gontor was pledged as waqf for Muslims, all property and all forms of rights attached to PM. Darussalam Gontor have turned into waqf. This transfer also marks the shift of ownership of the boarding school from private ownership to agency property (Praja, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 209",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 176,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund Collection",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 95,
"width": 445,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive waqf is defined as a transformation from natural waqf management to professional waqf to increase or increase the benefits of waqf. So that it can develop and produce, whose process is managed in a managerial and professional manner (Depag, 2005). Meanwhile, according to Syafi'i Antonio explained that productive waqf is the empowerment of waqf which is characterized by three main characteristics, namely the pattern of waqf management must be integrated, the principle of nazhir welfare, and the principle of transparency and responsibility (Mubarok, 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 240,
"width": 445,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Until now PM. Darussalam Gontor has a lot of waqf assets which are the result of continuous management and development that has been carried out continuously. When reviewing the existing history, these assets have been collected since the establishment of PM. Darussalam Gontor. This effort is carried out through several stages, such as collecting it from benefactors, then buying livestock. The livestock are kept until they grow and breed. Then the cattle are sold and the money from the sale is used to finance the boarding school.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 385,
"width": 445,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Then, regarding the acceptance of the surrender of waqf objects such as building materials, livestock, books, religious books, some of the produce of one's land, etc. Then raise capital for trading and transport businesses which, according to the plan, the results were to develop Pondok Modern waqf, but these businesses failed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 468,
"width": 445,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Learn from it PM. Darussalam Gontor started again to collect money from benefactors and was accompanied by a waqf mandate, which collected a lot of agricultural lands. It is at this stage that PM. Darussalam Gontor received considerable attention from the public. So at that time, people began to hand over their farms to the boarding school to be waqf and managed. Furthermore, part of the agricultural land that is already owned is collected to buy more agricultural land, and besides that, it continues to receive infaq money from the Muslims to buy agricultural land and is also used to expand the college complex in the boarding school (DCC, 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 634,
"width": 445,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "At this time, every year many people intend to make waqf to PM. Darussalam Gontor, but not all of them are accepted outright without consideration of the willingness and readiness of the boarding school to manage it, so usually this will be submitted to the headmaster of the boarding school and then wait for a decision from the headmaster of the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 210",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 445,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "boarding school (Yasin, 2020). Usually PM. Darussalam Gontor is more passive and waiting in collecting productive waqf assets.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 445,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive waqf assets that are usually collected by PM. Darussalam Gontor can be classified as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 158,
"width": 380,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Waqf of immovable property (property) and movable object (commodity)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 178,
"width": 445,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "One example as recorded in the history of PM. Darussalam Gontor, there are several waqifs inspired by the event of the PM. Darussalam Gontor waqf handover. Darussalam Gontor in 1958. One of them is H. Moh. Anwar Shodiq, who later donated his land area of 24,926 ha and 163,376 ha, respectively, to the Foundation for the Maintenance and Expansion of Waqf of Pondok Modern Gontor. For signing of the deed of surrender was then carried out in the presence of the village head of Gontor on December 9, 1960 (DCC, 2004). These waqf assets continue to develop, until now PM is recorded. Darussalam Gontor manages a land area of 15,774,799 m 2 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 344,
"width": 445,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In addition to waqf of immovable objects (property) in the form of land and buildings as described above, PM. Darussalam Gontor also obtained several waqfs of movable objects in the form of industrial commodities, transportation, and several other supporting equipment. One example is what was given through an entrepreneur named Pak Shodiq, the chairman of YPPWPM said that he was the one who donated the equipment and supplies needed for the creation of a new business unit that operated in 2019, namely the Latansa Gas Center. Everything was prepared by Mr. Shodiq and the lodge just had to manage it (Shobari 2020). Waqf of movable objects which can be considered routinely obtained by PM. Darussalam Gontor is a waqf from final students whose nominal value can reach 2-3 billion, the forms are transportation, industrial machines, complementary facilities and infrastructure, as well as various other forms..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 572,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Cash Waqf",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 592,
"width": 445,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "According to the Chairman of YPPWPM, this waqf is also often obtained by PM. Darussalam Gontor, usually the wakif who are interested in cash waqf or the form of money will come to YPPWPM and then will be directed to the Administration boarding school to hand over the waqf. The management of this waqf is then under the authority of the headmaster of the boarding school directly, following the existing waqf designation (Shobari, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 211",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 433,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Management & Distribution of Productive Waqf Funds in PM. Darussalam Gontor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 95,
"width": 445,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In the organizational structure of traditional Islamic boarding schools, in general, the highest power will be in the hands of the Kyai as the founder and owner of the boarding school, while the existence of the heads of institutions and sections under the Kyai are only as assistants to the Kyai in carrying out the boarding school program. Because boarding school ownership is individualistic and not communal, the Kyai authority is very dominant in determining boarding school policy (Praja, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 220,
"width": 445,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In PM. Darussalan Gontor, the management of waqf is always related to the management of the boarding school which is generally centered on the headmaster. Therefore, Trimurti, the founder of PM. Darussalam Gontor is considered to have initiated the reform of the management of his boarding school by giving this mandate to the Waqf Board which is processed through the waqf pledge. Judging from the legal aspect, this incident resulted in the transfer of rights from the founder and his family to the PM. Darussalan Gontor Waqf Board which represented Muslims. And from the management aspect it is interpreted that there is a delegation of authority from the Kyai to the Waqf Board to maintain and manage the boarding school and its waqf in full. This is what distinguishes Gontor boarding school from traditional boarding school, which are in the management of the waqf mandate in PM. Darussalam Gontor involves various institutions that are formed according to the needs of the boarding school management (Iman, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 468,
"width": 445,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Regarding fund management in all of PM. Darussalam Gontor was delegated directly to the administration of the boarding school as the direct right hand of the headmaster of the boarding school, as well as in terms of the management of productive waqf funds. So, overall it is the administration of the boarding school that manages the entire circulation of productive waqf funds contained in PM. Darussalam Gontor and its use will also be adjusted to the needs of the boarding school because the boarding school itself is a waqf asset.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 613,
"width": 445,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "According to an explanation from one of the administrators at PM. Darussalam Gontor, the distribution of productive waqf funds in the future will be adjusted to the source of the funds obtained, if obtained in the form of cash waqf and accompanied by conditions from the wakif such as its designation to build a “place ( tandon ) for drinking water for students or a certain building” then the administration section will follow up by",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 212",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 445,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "considering it together with the development department whether the land is available or not. When there is none and it is not too urgent for the boarding school, the administrator will contact the wakif again to explain the situation and ask for the continuation of the wakif's intention to make waqf (Umam, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 158,
"width": 445,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Meanwhile, the distribution of productive waqf funds sourced from other forms will be distributed for the development of existing waqf assets and also the progress of the boarding school which is also part of the waqf asset itself. For its own purpose, as explained by the headmaster of the boarding school in the interview, the existing funds will definitely be allocated for the “Panca-Term” PM. Darussalam Gontor (Mariyat, 2020). “Panca-Term” is a boarding school work program whose function is as a guide in developing PM. Darussalam Gontor. The points in the “Panca-Term” can be explained as follows (Staf SEKPIM, 1997):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 323,
"width": 175,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Education and teaching (Student)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 344,
"width": 445,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "What is meant here is trying with all my heart and energy and maximizing all efforts to perfect education, teaching, guidance and care for the younger generation. The level of education and teaching in PM. Darussalam Gontor starts from junior high school, continues with high school (called the KMI program), and continues with the Strata 1 (S1) program to Strata 3 (S3) at University of Darussalam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 448,
"width": 72,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Regeneration",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 468,
"width": 445,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The history of the rise and fall of a business, especially the history of the life and death of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, provides lessons on the importance of regeneration. Even a well-known hut one day will become backward from day to day and even disappear by leaving only its history when the Kyai dies. Reflecting on this and also learning from the history of the old Gontor, the effort to prepare regeneration is an obligation to be able to realize PM. Darussalam Gontor ideals.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 593,
"width": 147,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Infrastructure Development",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 613,
"width": 445,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This term is an attempt by PM. Darussalam Gontor in providing proper facilities and infrastructure for students so that education and teaching can run optimally. Buildings are not just a matter of classrooms and dormitories, but more than that, including the construction of facilities that support the creation of a full and dynamic Islamic boarding school and environment such as health facilities, sports and canteens.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 213",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 420,
"width": 245,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "70% 20% 10% Productive Waqf Fund Management Pengembangan Wakaf Mauquf Alaih Nazhir Waqf Development",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 75,
"width": 378,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Khizanatullah (Development of Waqf Asset (Value, System and Property)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 95,
"width": 445,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "One of the most important and absolute requirements for an institution to survive and develop is to have its own source of income. Institutions that only expect or rely on assistance whose future is uncertain will be less secure. That's what PM.Darussalam Gontor is formed a Waqf Board whose implementation was then mandated to the Pondok Modern Waqf Maintenance and Expansion Foundation (YPPWPM) which was in charge of rice fields, farm and others as well as expanding existing assets.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 220,
"width": 138,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Family welfare (Teachers)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 240,
"width": 445,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This step is a family matter or known as “family welfare” that must be fully considered. It is intended that the supporters, defenders and those who fight for the life and death of the boarding school do not depend on the boarding school for their life (economics). Even should be able to give life to the boarding school (Staf SEKPIM, 1997).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 323,
"width": 238,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund Management Strategy",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 344,
"width": 445,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Implementation of productive waqf fund management strategies as research conducted by Imada Ulinnuha, UNISMA Foundation implements fund management strategies for productive waqf as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 655,
"width": 337,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund Management at the UNISMA Foundation",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 214",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 445,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This formulation is in accordance with Law no. 41 of 2004, which is regulated in article 12 that Nadzir in accordance with the duties and mandates carried out gets a share of the results of waqf management of a maximum of 10%. Mauquf Alaih himself received a waqf benefit of 20% of the net profit of waqf management. These funds are usually distributed to madrasa teachers, mosque imams, cleaning staff, etc. Which states \"in achieving the purpose of waqf, waqf property is intended for facilities and activities of worship, facilities and activities of education and health. Then assistance to the poor, abandoned children, orphans, scholarships and the advancement of general welfare which is not against sharia and laws and regulations. And 70% of the waqf proceeds are allocated for waqf development with the aim that waqf development can develop rapidly and quickly (Ulinnuha, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 302,
"width": 445,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In general, this percentage has become a reference for productive waqf management institutions, but it is not applied in PM. Darussalam Gontor. In interviews conducted by researchers with al-Ustadz Imam Mukhtar and al-Ustadz Akrim Mariyat, both of them explained in terms of fund management in PM. Darussalam Gontor has implemented financial centralization including the results of productive waqf management. The management of waqf is managed by the administration of the boarding school and subsequently becomes the prerogative of the headmaster of the boarding school.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 447,
"width": 445,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "He explained that this cannot be separated from the waqf pledge event that occurred in PM. Darussalam Gontor in 1958, at which time “Trimurti”, the founder of the PM. Darussalam Gontor, donated the boarding school and its assets to Muslims, which means everything owned and produced by PM. Darussalam is a waqf asset (Mariyat, 2020). The allocation is the prerogative of the headmaster, but it is important to note that the allocation of the existing funds will definitely be channeled to the “Panca-Term” that has been described previously. The portion will be discussed by the headmaster with the Waqf Board , depending on which term development you want to prioritize.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 613,
"width": 445,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Al-Ustadz Imam Mukhtar added: \"Indeed there are those who we give 10% of the results of the waqf management that he does, such as waqf land in Nganjuk which is managed by non-alumni Gontor, there are also those who get 5% such as land managers in Jetis, which is a the family of one of the teachers in Gontor”. But other than that the waqf managers in PM. Darussalam Gontor does not expect a single cent of the results of the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 215",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 445,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "productive waqf management that he strives. Even researchers can mention that many of them actually expend all their energy, thoughts, and even wealth for the development of waqf management in PM. Darussalam Gontor. And if it is a percentage, the management of waqf funds is in PM. Darussalam Gontor is 100% for mauquf alaih and development or even 150%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 382,
"width": 334,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund Management in PM. Darussalam Gontor",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 424,
"width": 445,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This is because the part of Nazhir which is his right is not taken and instead takes out what Nazhir has for the development of PM. Darussalam Gontor. While the mauquf alaih, PM. Darussalam Gontor himself is a mauquf alaih which is a pesantren-based educational institution, so it is very appropriate if the allocation of the mauquf alaih part is returned to the boarding school.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 541,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 562,
"width": 445,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Management of productive waqf funds in PM. Darussalam Gontor is very good and tidy. The management is not directly carried out by the Waqf Board as a nazhir who directly receives the waqf mandate, or the headmaster of the boarding school as a mandate of the Waqf Board , but also entrusted to an institution that also has a legal entity, namely Pondok Modern Waqf Maintenance and Expansion Foundation (YPPWPM), which then form parts to maximize the management of existing waqf assets. And specifically for fund management, PM. Darussalam Gontor implements a centralized financial system, where the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 204,
"top": 300,
"width": 52,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "100%",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 198,
"top": 188,
"width": 180,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 208,
"width": 162,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Management in PM.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 210,
"top": 229,
"width": 157,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Darussalam Gontor",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 282,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Mauquf Alaih dan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 296,
"width": 73,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengembangan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 277,
"width": 84,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Mauquf Alaihi And Its Development",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 216",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 445,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "management of all finances is in PM. Darussalam Gontor is centralized in the administration section and then becomes the prerogative of the headmaster in its allocation. However, the allocation of waqf proceeds that are managed productively will certainly be channeled on target, namely for “Panca-Term” boarding school. And “Panca-Term” PM. Darussalam Gontor has long been formulated as the main foundation in developing and distributing existing waqf assets. The five points in it are: a) Education and teaching; b) Regeneration; c) Infrastructure development; d) Khizanatullah (Developing of waqf asset (value, system, & property); e) Family Welfare (Teachers).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 262,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 289,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Andrianto dan Firmansyah, M. Anang. (2019). Manajemen Bank Syariah: Implementasi Teori dan Praktek, Pasuruan: CV. Penerbit Qiara Media.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 330,
"width": 388,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Aziz, Abdul. (2010). Manajemen Investasi Syariah. Bandung: Pustaka Alfabeta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 358,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Departemen Agama RI. (2005). Wakaf Tunai dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam. Jakarta: Dirjen Bimas Islam dan Penyelenggaraan Haji, cet. 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 399,
"width": 445,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fatmawati, Riris. (2017). Potensi Penerapan Sukuk Mudharabah Dalam Pengelolaan Wakaf Produktif. Tesis, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 452,
"width": 445,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fattach, An’im. (2015). Wakaf Dalam Hukum Islam: Studi Naratif Wakaf Produktif dan Pengembangannya Melalui Investasi. Tesis, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel, Surabaya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 510,
"width": 342,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ibrahim, (2015). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 538,
"width": 423,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Iman, Nurul. (2019). Wakaf Untuk Kemandirian Pendidikan, Cet. II. Ponorogo: Wade.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 565,
"width": 442,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indrintoro, Nur. (2002). Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis: untuk Akuntansi dan Manajemen.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 579,
"width": 97,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Yogyakarta: BPFE.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 607,
"width": 433,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kaelan. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Interdisipliner. Yogyakarta: Paradigma.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 634,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Merriam, S.B. (1990). Case study research in education: A qualitative approach, 3 rd Ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 675,
"width": 386,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Mubarok, Jaih. (2008). Wakaf Produktif. Bandung: Simbiosa Rekatama Media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 217",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 388,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Muhammad. (2002). Manajemen Bank Syariah, Yogyakarta: UPP AMP YKPN.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 102,
"width": 375,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Muhammad. (2005). Manajemen Dana Bank Syariah, Yogyakarta: Ekonisia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 130,
"width": 445,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Mukhlisin Akhmad, Teguh Arifin, M. Dimyati. 2018. Pengambilan Harta Wakaf Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang No 41 Tahun 2004 (Studi Kasus di Desa Karang Anyar Kec. Jati Agung Kab. Lam-Sel Tahun 2016). Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum , 2 (1) Juni.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 199,
"width": 365,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Mulyawan, Setia. (2015). Manajemen Keuangan, Bandung: Pustaka Mulia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 226,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Muslim, (2017), Eksistensi Gontor di Tengah Arus Modernisasi Pendidikan Sebuah Model Inovasi Kurikulum, Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan,17 (2).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Naim, Abdul Haris. (2017). Pengembangan Objek Wakaf dalam Fiqih Islam dan Hukum Positif di Indonesia, Jurnal Zakat dan Wakaf (ZISWAF), 4 (2).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 309,
"width": 445,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Najib, Tuti A dan al-Makassary, Ridwan. (2006). Wakaf, Tuhan dan Agenda Kemanusiaan: Studi tentang wakaf dalam perspektif keadilan sosial di Indonesia , Jakarta: CRSC Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 364,
"width": 296,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pasal 43 Undang-undang No. 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 392,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Piagam Penyerahan Wakaf dan AD & ART Badan Wakaf Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 433,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Praja, Juhaya S. dan Muzarie, Mukhlisin. (2009). Pranata Ekonomi Islam: Wakaf, Cirebon: STAIC Press.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 475,
"width": 445,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Rahman, Inayah dan Widiastuti, Tika. (2019). Model Pengelolaan Wakaf Produktif Sektor Pertanian untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Petani: Studi Kasus Pimpinan Ranting Muhammadiyah Penatarsewu Sidoarjo, Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan, 7 (1).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 544,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "______. Sejarah Tanah dalam Pemeliharaan dan Perluasan Wakaf PM. Darussalam Gontor. (2004). Ponorogo: Darussalam Computer Center.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 585,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Staf Sekretariat Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. (1997), Serba-Serbi Serba Singkat tentang Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. Ponorogo: Percetakan Darussalam.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 627,
"width": 445,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sudirman dan Arofah, Nanda Lailatul. (2016). Manajemen Wakaf Uang di Masjid at- Taqwa Kota Batu dan Masjid Sabilillah Kota Malang dalam Perspektif Undang- Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf, De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari’ah, 8 (1).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 696,
"width": 355,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sugiyono. (2014). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Alfabeta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 264,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 409,
"top": 38,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 4 No. 1 July 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2621-606X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 445,
"top": 50,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Page: 201-218",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 728,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Productive Waqf Fund ….. 218",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 75,
"width": 448,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ulinnuha, Imada. (2019). Strategi Manajemen Dana pada Pengembangan Wakaf Produktif: Studi pada Yayasan UNISMA Malang, Tesis yang diajukan untuk mendapat gelar master di Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel, Surabaya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 144,
"width": 272,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 171,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Utsman, Sabian. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Progresif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 213,
"width": 445,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Warta Dunia Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. (2017). Vol. 70, Ponorogo: Darussalam Press.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 254,
"width": 444,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Zarkasyi, Abdullah Syukri. (2005). Manajemen Pesantren: Pengalaman Pondok Modern Gontor. Ponorogo: Trimurti Press.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 295,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "___________. (2005). Manajemen Pesantren: Pengalaman Pondok Modern, Cet. 2 . Ponorogo: Trimurti Press.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 337,
"width": 376,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Zarqa, Musthafa Ahmad. (1997). Ahkam al-Awqaf, cet. 1. Oman: Daar U’mar.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
fc86de80-97bc-f679-2c58-2039882d7951 | https://jurnal.unismuhpalu.ac.id/index.php/MPPKI/article/download/568/462 | [
{
"left": 37,
"top": 808,
"width": 289,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 22,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 810,
"width": 150,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 105,
"width": 303,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 434,
"top": 39,
"width": 140,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MPPKI",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 233,
"top": 84,
"width": 329,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 131,
"width": 95,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Open Access",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 131,
"width": 117,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 173,
"width": 487,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hubungan Usia Nikah Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal Dan Personal Hygiene Dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) Di Puskesmas Bara-Baraya Makassar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 239,
"width": 518,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Correlation Of The Marriage Age Hormonal Contraception Use And Personal Hygiene With The Cervikal Dysplasia Incidence Through The Inspection Of Visual Asetat Acid",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 273,
"width": 276,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( VAA) In Bara-Baraya Health Center Makassar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 307,
"width": 291,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurhaeda* 1 , Resky Wahyuni 2 ,A Wardihan Sinrang 3 , Wema Nontji 4 * 1,2 Akademi Kebidanan Graha Ananda Palu 3 Bagian Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Hasanuddin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 342,
"width": 267,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Bagian Kebidanan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin *Email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 390,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 401,
"width": 520,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di Negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia kanker serviks merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak dan diperkirakan setiap tahun dijumpai 500.000 penderita baru di seluruh dunia khususnya dinegara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menge- tahui hubungan usia nikah, penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks melalui pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar. Desain penelitian ini berupa cross sectional. Sampel adalah Ibu yang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal sebanyak 62 orang yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa responden yang usia nikah dini 53 orang (85,5%), pengunaan kontrasepsi hormonal yang berisiko 46 orang (74,2) dan personal hygiene kurang 59 orang (95,2%) sementara usia nikah yang ideal 9 orang (14,5%), pengguna kontrasepsi yang tidak berisiko 16 orang (25,8%), dan personal Hygiene baik hanya 3 orang (4,8%). Berdasarkan hasil uji Chi-Square ada hubungan usia nikah dengan kejadian displasia serviks (p=0,002). Namun didapatkan tidak ada hubungan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kejadian displasia serviks (p=0,1000). juga tidak ada hubungan antara personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks (p=0,1000). Pernikahan pada usia dini < 20 tahun dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal > 4 tahun dan personal hygiene yang kurang dapat memicu terjadianya displasia serviks.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 538,
"width": 520,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Usia Nikah, Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal, Personal Hygiene, Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 592,
"width": 34,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 602,
"width": 518,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In developing countries, including Indonesia, cervical center is the leading cause of death and estimated that each year 500,000 new cases found throunghount the world, especially in developing countries. This research aimed to investigate the correlation of the marriage age, the hormonal contraception use, and the personal hygiene with the cervical dysplasia incidence through the inspection of the visual acetate acid (VVA) in Barbarayya Health Center, Makassar. The research design was cross- sectional, and the sampel were the mothers who used hormonal contraception and included 62 mothers chosen using the pur- posive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The research results indicated that 53 respond- ents (85,5%) were married at the early ages, 46 respondents (74,2%) used risking hormonal contraception, and 59 respondents (95,2%) had less personal hygiene, while only 9 respondents (14,5%) were married at the ideal ages, 16 respondents (25,8%) used risking hormonal contraception, and only 3 respondents (4,8%) had good personal hygiene. Based on the result of the Chi -square test, there was a correlation between the marriage age and the cervical dysplasia incidence (p=0,002). However, the use of the hormonal contraception had no correlation with the cervical dysplasia (p=0,1000); also the personal hygiene an the servical dysplasia had no correlation with the cervical dysplasia (p=0,1000). The marriage at the early age of < 20 years and the use of the hormonal contraception were < 4 years and the inadequate personal hygiene could tigger the incidence of cervi- cal dysplasia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 761,
"width": 483,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Marriage age, use of Hormonal Contraception, personal hygiene, inspection of visual Acetate Acid (VAA)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 39,
"width": 119,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2597 – 6052",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 17,
"width": 22,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "123",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 808,
"width": 289,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 22,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 810,
"width": 150,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 56,
"width": 86,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 74,
"width": 519,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di Negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia kanker serviks merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak dan diperkirakan setiap tahun dijumpai 500.000 [1]. World Health Organization (2013) menemukan 528.000 kasus baru kanker serviks dan 85% terjadi di daerah yang kurang berkembang [2]. Dan 231.000 jumlah wanita yang meninggal berasal dari negara dengan pendapatan yang rendah, serta 35.000 atau 1 dari 10 wanita berasal dari negara dengan berpendapatan yang tinggi. Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2014 di- perkirakan terdapat 12.360 kasus baru kanker serviks dan terjadi 4.020 kematian akibat kanker serviks [3].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 196,
"width": 520,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan data riset kesehatan tahun 2013 jumlah penderita kanker serviks di Indonesia sebanyak 98.692 kasus [4]. Berdasarkan laporan tahunan dinas provinsi Sulawesi selatan bidan Pengendalian Penyakit Dan Penyehatan Lingkungan (P2PL), jumlah penderita kanker serviks dari tahun ketahun mengalami fluk- tuasi. Pada tahun 2009 tercatat 1.011 kasus, 1.141 kasus (2010), 210 kasus (2011), 2.066 kasus (2012), dan 536 kasus (2013) [5]. Berdasarkan survailans yang merupakan laporan tahunan penyakit menular untuk kanker serviks baik rawat jalan maupun rawat inap pada tahun 2010 dan 2011 tertinggi di kapupaten en- rekang sebanyak 127 kasus, dan Makassar menempati urutan ketiga sebanyak 60 kasus setelah kabupaten Bone sebanyak 25 kasus [6].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 357,
"width": 519,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk pemecahan masalah tersebut diatas maka perlu dilakukan metode skrining alternative yang mampu mengenali lesi prakanker (displasia). Metode alternative tersebut skrining inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) dengan cara mengoleskan asam asetat (cuka) ke dalam leher rahim. Agar pengobatan kanker leher rahim dapat ditangani secara dini [7].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 440,
"width": 520,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kebanyakan panduan menganjurkan untuk melakukan skrining pertama dalam waktu 3 tahun per- tama setelah aktif secara seksual karena ada beberapa faktor yang menjadi risiko atau secara tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) sehingga terjadi lesi prakanker (displasia). Beberapa faktor tersebut adalah status ekonomi, faktor aktivitas seksual yang meliputi usia per- tama kali melakukan hubungan seksual, jumlah pasangan seks, multiparitas, kurang menjaga kebersihan genetalia, merokok, riyawat penyakit kelamin dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal jangka panjang [8].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 562,
"width": 520,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di Bali di Puskesmas Sukada II dengan jumlah sampel 163 pasangan usia subur (PUS) dengan perkawinan ≤ 20 tahun dengan IVA positif sebanyak 49 orang, sementara penelitian yang dilakukan di puskesmas jati Negara dari 33 responden dengan lesi pra kanker positif sebanyak 32 orang yang artinya kejadian lesi prakanker serviks usia perkawinan < 21 tahun memiliki risiko lebih besar dari pada usia Perkawinan > 20 tahun untuk mengalami lesi prakanker serviks karena Kanker serviks cenderung timbul bila saat mulai aktif berhubungn seksual pada saat usia kurang dari 17 tahun [9]. Lebih dijelaskan bahwa usia antara 15-20 tahun merupakan periode yang rentan, Epitel serviks pada wanita remaja sangat rentan terhadap bahan-bahan karsinogenikyang ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual dibandingkan dengan epitel serviks wanita dewasa [3] [10].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 742,
"width": 519,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini juga sesuai dengan studi yang dilakukan Giambi, yang melakukan penelitian pada sampel dengan usia 18 sampai 26 tahun, ditemukan perbedaan statistik yang bermakna antara wanita yang menikah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 17,
"width": 22,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "124",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 808,
"width": 289,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 22,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 810,
"width": 150,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 57,
"width": 520,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dibawah 21 tahun cenderung untuk terkena kanker serviks di bandingkan wanita yang menikah usia diatas 20 tahun [9]. Khasbiyah dalam penelitiannya, menerangkan terdapat risiko 5,85 kali pada wanita yang melakukan hubungan seksualitas dengan kejadian kanker serviks [11]. Sogukpinar di Izmir, menerangkan hubungan seksual dibawah 20 tahun juga berperan dalam salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya kanker serviks dimana puncak usia pertama kali berhubungan seksualnya adalah 16 tahun [12]. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan usia nikah, penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks melalui pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 212,
"width": 45,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 231,
"width": 516,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar. Desain penelitian yang digunakan da- lam penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross sectional . Populasi adalah Popu- lasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasangan usia subur yang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal yang berada diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Bara-Baraya Makassar. Sampel sebanyak 70 orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling yang telah memenuhi criteria inklusi yaitu, Ibu yang berumur > 30 Tahun, Bersedia men- jadi responden, memiliki anak > 2, menjadi aseptor KB hormonal > 4, dalam keadaan Sehat, tidak haid, 24 jam sebelumnya tidak melakukan hubungan seksual. Analisis berupa analisis univariat dan bivariat merupakan analisa hasil dari variabel-variabel bebas yang diduga mempunyai hubungan dengan variabel terkait. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-Square .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 424,
"width": 31,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 444,
"width": 520,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis bivariat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi square untuk Hubungan Usia Nikah dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016 dapat diketahui pada tabel di bawah ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 508,
"width": 453,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Hubungan Usia Nikah dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan In- speksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 667,
"width": 519,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tabel 1 responden yang usia pernikahan dini sebanyak 53 orang dengan hasil negatife sebanyak 24 orang (45,3%) dan positif sebanyak 29 orang (54,7%) sementara yang usia pernikahan ideal sebanyak 9 orang dengan hasil negatife seluruhnya sebanyak 9 orang (100%). Hasil analisi uji Chi-Square ( p =0,002) se- hingga didapatkan ( p<0,05) yang artinya ada pengaruh antara usia nikah dengan kejadian displasia serviks.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 751,
"width": 477,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis bivariat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi square untuk Penggunaan Kontrasepsi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 545,
"width": 425,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel Displasia Serviks Positif Displasia Serviks Negatif Total P value n % n % n % Usia Nikah 0. 002 Dini 29 54,7 24 45,3 53 100 Ideal 0 0 9 100 9 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 17,
"width": 22,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "125",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 808,
"width": 289,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 22,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 810,
"width": 150,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 57,
"width": 517,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hormonal dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Pusk- esmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016 dapat diketahui pada tabel di bawah ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 102,
"width": 418,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hubungan Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 282,
"width": 519,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tabel 2 responden yang beresiko sebanyak 46 orang dengan hasil displasia negatif sebanyak 24 orang (52,2%) dan positif sebanyak 22 orang (47,8%). Sementara yang tidak berisiko dengan hasil displasia negatife sebanyak 9 orang (56,3%) dan positif 7 orang (43,8%). Hasil analisis uji Chi-Square ( p =0,1000) se- hingga didapatkan bahwa p >0,05 yang artinya tidak ada pengaruh antara lama menggunakan kontrasepsi hor- monal dengan kejadian displasia serviks.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 385,
"width": 520,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis bivariat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi square untuk Personal Hygiene dengan Ke- jadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016 dapat diketahui pada tabel di bawah ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 449,
"width": 364,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Hubungan Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Displasia Serviks Melalui Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar Tahun 2016",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 615,
"width": 520,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tabel 3 responden dengan personal hygiene yang baik sebanyak 33 orang dengan hasil displasia negatif sebanyak 2 orang (66,7%), dan positif sebanyak 1 orang (33,3%) sementara personal hygiene kurang sebanyak 59 dengan hasil negatif sebanyak 31 orang (52,5%) dan positif sebanyak 29 (46,8%). Hasil analisis statistic uji Chi-Square ( p =0,1000) sehingga didapatkan nilai ( p >0,05) yang artinya tidak ada hubungan antara personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 743,
"width": 74,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 152,
"width": 431,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel Displasia Serviks Positif Displasia Serviks Negatif Total P value n % n % n % Penggunaan Kon- trasepsi 0. 1000 Berisiko 22 47,8 24 52,2 46 100 Tidak Berisiko 7 43,8 9 56,3 16 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 495,
"width": 422,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel Displasia Serviks Positif Displasia Serviks Negatif Total P value n % n % n % Personal Hygiene 0. 1000 Baik 1 33,3 2 66,7 3 100 Kurang 29 46,8 31 52,5 59 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 17,
"width": 22,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "126",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 808,
"width": 289,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 22,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 810,
"width": 150,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 57,
"width": 520,
"height": 284,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan antara usia nikah dengan kejadian displasia serviks diperoleh nilai p =0,002 ( p <0,05), namun penelitian ini didapatkan usia dini (≤ 20 tahun) yang terdeteksi displasia positif sebanyak 29 orang (54,7%). Berdasarkan teori Colditz (2004) & Rasjidi (2008), Umur saat perkawinan ≤ 20 tahun erat kaitanya dengan aktivitas seksual, hubungan seksual yang dilakukan terlalu dini dapat mempengaruhi pada kerusakan jaringan epitel serviks atau dinding rongga vagina [13] [14]. Kondisi tersebut dapat bertambah buruk mengarah pada kelainan sel dan pertumbuhan abnormal, wanita yang melakukan hubungan seksual secara aktif sejak sebelum 17 tahun memiliki potensi 3 kali lebih besar untuk menghidap kanker serviks dibandingkan wanita yang tidak melakukan hubungan seksual pada usia tersebut. Hal ini terjadi karena pada umur tersebut sel-sel pada mulut rahim belum matang dan rentang terhadap infeksi dan mutasi [13]. Hubungan seksual pada umur di bawah 17 tahun merangsang tumbuhnya sel pada alat kandungan perempuan, pada rentang umur 12-17 tahun perubahan sel dalam mulut rahim lebih aktif. Ketika sel sedang membelah secara aktif (metaplasia ). Metaplasia epitel skuamosa biasanya merupakan proses fisiologis. Tetapi dibawah pengaruh karsinogenik , perubahan sel dapat terjadi sehingga mengakibatkan suatu zona trasformasi yang patologik. Perubahan yang tidak khas ini menginisiasi suatu proses yang disebut Neo- plasia Intraepitel Serviks (NIS) atau lesi prakanker yang merupakan fase prainvasif kanker serviks [15].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 353,
"width": 520,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sementara hubungan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kejadian displasia serviks di Pusk- esmas Bara-baraya Makassar nilai p value =0,1000 ( p >0,05) Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Irmayani (2013), Dengan hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan penggunaan kon- trasepsi dengan kejadian lesi prakanker dengan hasil uji Chi Square nilai p =0,547 (nilai p >0,05) [16].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 436,
"width": 519,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian diatas tidak sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Wahyuninigsih & Erry (2014), dengan judul Faktor Risiko terjadinya Prakanker serviks melalui Deteksi Dini dengan Metode Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat. yang menyatakan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan kontrasepsi hormo- nal dengan kejadian displasia serviks dan hasil peneliti tidak memiliki hubungan karena yang berisiko lebih besar negative 52,2% terjadinya displasia dibandingkan dengan yang positif sebanyak 47,8% [17].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 539,
"width": 519,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan jangka panjang > 4 tahun dari kontarasepsi hormonal dipercaya berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kanker serviks. Semakin lama seseorang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal semakin tinggi risiko untuk mendapatkan kanker serviks. Hormon yang terkandung pada kontrasepsi hormonal dapat mengubah kepekaan sel serviks [18]. Akan tetapi resikonya tersebut akan turun kembali setelah kontrasepsi hormonal dihentikan. Resiko kembali normal setelah 5 sampai 10 tahun setelah mereka hentikan [19].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 642,
"width": 519,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sementara hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks di Puskesmas Bara-baraya Makassar dengan nilai p =1,000 ( p >0,05) ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan personal hygiene dengan kejadian displasia serviks.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 706,
"width": 519,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ridhaningsih & Nurjannah (2010), dimana penggunaan antiseptik dan deodorant, pembalut/pentiliner dan cara cebok tidak ada hubungannya dengan kejadian prakanker (displasia).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 17,
"width": 22,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 808,
"width": 289,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 22,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 810,
"width": 150,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 57,
"width": 519,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Personal hygiene dilakukan dengan menggunakan sabun yang rutin akan mengiritasi mukus sekitar vagina sehingga memudahkan kuman dan bakteri tumbuh dan berkembanya dan menyebabkan terjadinya displasia. sedangkan pemakain sabun antiseptik akan membunuh semua bakteri, pemakain pembalut yang bersentuhan dengan kulit, jika hanya diganti 2 kali atau kurang dapat menyebabkan kelembaban berlebihan yang memudahkan pertumbuhan jamur dan bakteri [20].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 160,
"width": 519,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Ridhaningsih & Nurjannah (2010), hal tersebut dapat berubah dikarenakan bila seseorang memiliki daya tahan tubuh yang kuat maka tubuh akan dapat melawan virus, bakteri, dan jamur, sehingga vagina dalam keadaan sehat memproduksi cairan yang bening, tidak berbau, tidak berwarna, dalam jumlah yang tidak berlebihan, dan sedikit licin. Fungsi dari cairan ini adalah untuk melindungi vagina dari gesekan antara dinding vagina pada saat beraktivitas. Selain itu pada vagina juga terdapat bakteri yang dibutuhkan oleh vagina yang berfungsi menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem vagina [21].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 286,
"width": 132,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 311,
"width": 519,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Usia nikah berhubungan dengan kejadian displasia serviks. penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian displasia serviks, personal hygiene tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian displa- sia serviks. Pernikahan usia dini (< 20 tahun), penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dan personal hygiene yang kurang baik berisiko terjadinya displasia serviks.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 398,
"width": 96,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 417,
"width": 519,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1] Depkes R. I., “KepMenKes RI Nomor 796/Menkes/SKVIII/2012. Tentang Pedoman Teknis Pengendalian Kanker Payudara dan Kanker Leher Rahim.,” 2012. [Online]. Available: www.hukor.depkes.go.id. [Accessed: 28-Dec-2015].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 462,
"width": 519,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2] World Health Organization, “Buletin Of The World Organization 2012,” 2013. [Online]. Available: www.exara.com. [Accessed: 28-Dec-2015].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 494,
"width": 520,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3] American Cancer Society, “Cervical cancer causes, risk factors and prevention topics,” 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CervicalCancer/DetailedGuide/cervical-cancer-risk-factors. [Accessed: 28-Jul-2016].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 538,
"width": 450,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4] Pusat Data & Informasi R. I, Stop Kanker . Sulawesi Selatan: Departemen Kesehatan, 2015.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 557,
"width": 519,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5] Dinkes Sulawesi Selatan, “Laporan Tahunan Sub. Bagian Pengamatan Penyakit Tidak Menular Sulawesi Selatan,” Makassar, 2013.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 589,
"width": 517,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6] S. I. S. K. MAKASSSAR, “POLA PENCARIAN PENGOBATAN PADA PENDERITA KANKER SERVIKS DI RU- MAH SAKIT LABUANG BAJI DAN RUMAH.”",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 621,
"width": 519,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[7] N. ari Pangesti and others, “Gambaran Karakteristik Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) yang Melakukan Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di Puskesmas Karanganyar,” J. Ilm. Kesehat. Keperawa- tan , vol. 8, no. 2, 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 665,
"width": 519,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[8] H. G. S. A. Putra and I. G. P. M. Mayura, “PREVALENSI DAN KARAKTERISTIK PELAYANAN VAKSINASI CERVARIX SEBAGAI PREVENSI PRIMER KANKER SERVIKS DI SMP NEGERI 1 DENPASAR PERIODE OK- TOBER 2011-APRIL 2012,” E-Jurnal Med. Udayana .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 710,
"width": 520,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9] C. Giambi et al. , “A cross-sectional study to estimate high-risk human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in Italian women aged 18--26 years,” BMC Infect. Dis. , vol. 13, no. 1, p. 74, 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 742,
"width": 519,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10] M. A. De Boer et al. , “Human papillomavirus type 18 and other risk factors for cervical cancer in Jakarta, Indonesia,” Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer , vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1809–1814, 2006.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 537,
"top": 17,
"width": 22,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "128",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 808,
"width": 289,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published By: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 22,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MPPKI (Mei, 2019) 122-128 Vol. 2. No. 2",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 810,
"width": 150,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2018 MPPKI. All rights reserved",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 57,
"width": 519,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[11] K. KHASBIYAH, “BEBERAPA FAKTOR RISIKO KANKER SERVIKS UTERI (Studi Pada Penderita Kanker Serviks Uteri Di Rumah Sakit Dokter Kariadi Semarang Pada Bulan Agustus-September 2004),” Dipone- goro University, 2004.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 102,
"width": 519,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[12] N. Sogukp\\inar et al. , “Assessment of cervical cancer risk in women between 15 and 49 years of age: case of Izmir,” Asian Pacific J. Cancer Prev. , vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 2119–2125, 2013.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 133,
"width": 520,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[13] Colditz G, Handbook Of Cancer Assesment and Prevention . United States of America: Jones and Bartlet Publisher inc., 2004.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 165,
"width": 359,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[14] R. I, Modalitas Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks . Jakarta: Sagung Seto, 2008.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 184,
"width": 342,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[15] R. CB and M. L, Obstetri dan Ginekologi , 9th ed. Jakarta: ECG, 2009.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 203,
"width": 520,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[16] I. Irmayani, “FAKTOR RESIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN LESI PRAKANKER SERVIKS PADA WPS TIDAK LANGSUNG DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MENINTING,” J. Kesehat. Prima , vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1279–1291, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 248,
"width": 519,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[17] T. Wahyuningsih and E. Y. Mulyani, “Faktor risiko terjadinya lesi prakanker serviks melalui deteksi dini dengan metode IVA (inspeksi visual dengan asam asetat),” in Forum ilmiah , 2014, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 192 –209.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 292,
"width": 520,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[18] J. Monsonego, H. Magdelenat, F. Catalan, Y. Coscas, L. Zerat, and X. Sastre, “Estrogen and progesterone receptors in cervical human papillomavirus related lesions,” Int. J. cancer , vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 533–539, 1991.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 337,
"width": 519,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[19] Malva, “Faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian kanker serviks leher rahim pada penderita yang dating berobat di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan Universitas Sumatra Utara,” 2008. [Online]. Available: http:// repository.usu.ac.id/bitstreant12345678/6778/1/09Goo80.pdf. [Accessed: 20-Jun-2016].",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 382,
"width": 462,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[20] P. S and Dkk, Ilmu Kebidanan . Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo, 2001.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 39,
"top": 401,
"width": 519,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[21] R. Ridhaningsih and S. N. Djannah, “Hubungan Aktivitas Seksual pada Usia Dini, Promiskuitas dan Bilas Vagina dengan Kejadian Kanker Leher Rahim pada Pasien Onkology di RSUD Dr. moewardi Surakarta,” Kes Mas J. Fak. Kesehat. Masy. Univ. Ahmad Daulan , vol. 5, no. 2, 2011.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
de3c2581-7638-a621-c208-7aa70b559212 | https://e-journal.umc.ac.id/index.php/VL/article/download/1087/797 | [
{
"left": 489,
"top": 39,
"width": 38,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Value",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 54,
"width": 399,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1979 – 0643",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "80",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 793,
"width": 213,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 82,
"width": 424,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. BANGUN JAYA PERSADA DI JAKARTA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 121,
"width": 111,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hafis Laksmana Nuraldy",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 132,
"width": 248,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 168,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 186,
"width": 454,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Bangun Jaya Persada di Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan teknik analisis menggunakan analisis statistik dengan pengujian regresi, korelasi, determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 45,8%, uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006). Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 37,5%, uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006). Motivasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 55,5%, uji hipotesis diperoleh F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 306,
"width": 283,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Motivasi, Lingkungan kerja, Kinerja Karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 325,
"width": 106,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 337,
"width": 454,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber daya manusia merupakan aset terpenting perusahaan karena perannya sebagai subyek pelaksana kebijakan dan kegiatan operasional perusahaan. Agar perusahaan tetap eksis maka harus berani menghadapi tantangan dan implikasinya yaitu menghadapi perubahan dan memenangkan persaingan. Tumbuh dan berkembangnya organisasi tergantung pada sumber daya manusia. Oleh karena itu sumber daya manusia merupakan aset yang harus ditingkatkan secara efektif dan efisien sehingga akan terwujud kinerja yang optimal. Untuk mencapai dimaksud, organisasi dalam hal ini perusahaan harus mampu menciptakan situasi dan kondisi yang mendorong dan memungkinkan karyawan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan keterampilan secara optimal, khususnya dalam hal kinerja. Maka organisasi perlu memperhatikan motivasi dan lingkungan kerja karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 451,
"width": 454,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinerja merupakan tindakan-tindakan atau pelaksanaan tugas yang dilakukan oleh seseorang dalam kurun waktu tertentu dan dapat diukur. Kinerja karyawan yang merupakan hasil olah pikir dan tenaga dari seorang karyawan terhadap pekerjaan yang dilakukannya, dapat berujud, dilihat, dihitung jumlahnya, akan tetapi dalam banyak hal hasil olah pikiran dan tenaga tidak dapat dihitung dan dilihat, seperti ide-ide pemecahan suatu persoalan, inovasi baru suatu produk barang atau jasa, bisa juga merupakan penemuan atas prosedur kerja yang lebih efisien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 527,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Motivasi merupakan sebuah dorongan yang tumbuh dalam diri seseorang. Baik yang berasal dari dalam maupun dari luar dirinya untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan dengan semangat tinggi menggunakan semua kemampuan dan ketrampilan yang dimilikinya guna mencapai tujuan organisasi. Permasalahan yang paling utama adalah meningkatkan efektifitas kinerja para karyawannya PT. Bangun Jaya Persada melalui kualitas pelayanan kepada konsumen yang optimal dan menjaga peringkat perusahaan agar tetap baik. Pelanggan atau klien sangat penting dalam bisnis dan memerlukan perhatian khusus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 616,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manajemen harus memastikan bahwa karyawannya mampu melayani pelanggan dengan baik, sehingga pelanggan merasa puas dengan perusahaan, tetapi pada kenyataannya terdapat beberapa karyawan yang tidak bekerja sesuai standar yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan, tingginya tingkat keterlambatan karyawan hal ini membuktikan bahwa kinerja karyawan masih belum sesuai harapan dapat dibuktikan dengan melihat data absensi karyawan yang menunjukan bahwa banyak karyawan yang bekerja tidak sesuai dengan standar perusahaan dan banyaknya tingkat absensi karyawan, terutama keterlambatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 704,
"width": 454,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain faktor motivasi lingkungan kerja tempat karyawan tersebut bekerja juga tidak kalah pentingnya dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Lingkungan kerja adalah segala sesuatu yang ada disekitar para pekerjaan dan yang dapat mempengaruhi dirinya dalam menjalankan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan. Lingkungan kerja yang sesuai dapat mendukung pelaksanaan kerja sehingga karyawan memiliki semangat bekerja dan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 39,
"width": 38,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Value",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 54,
"width": 399,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1979 – 0643",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "81",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 793,
"width": 213,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 128,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 97,
"width": 67,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.1. Motivasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 110,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian motivasi merupakan suatu perubahan yang terjadi pada diri seseorang yang muncul adanya gejala perasaan, kejiwaan dan emosi sehingga mendorong individu untuk melakukan atau bertindak sesuatu yang disebabkan karna kebutuhan, keinginan dan tujuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 148,
"width": 454,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Stepan P. Robbins dalam Wibowo (2011:378) menyatakan motivasi sebagai proses yang menyebabkan intensitas, arah, dan usaha terus-menerus individu menuju pencapaian tujuan. Intensitas menunjukan seberapa keras seseorang berusaha tetapi intensitas tinggi tidak mungkin mengarah pada hasil kinerja yang baik, kecuali usaha dilakukan dalam arah yang menghitungkan organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 217,
"width": 113,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2. Lingkungan Kerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 230,
"width": 440,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Sedarmayanti (2009:28) indicator lingkungan kerja terbagi menjadi dua lingkungan, yaitu lingkungan fisik dan non fisik yaitu sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 255,
"width": 150,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Hubungan Antara Karyawan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 268,
"width": 419,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari pendapat Sedarmayanti (2009:28) tentang lingkungan kerja diharapkan terciptanya lingkungan kerja yang kondusif sehingga karyawan akan lebih betah dalam melakukan pekerjaan. Dari pendapat peneliti mengambil indikaor yaitu suasana kerja, hubungan kerja, rekan kerja, tersedianya fasilitas kerja, penerangan sirkulasi udara, kebisingan, bau tidak sedap dan keamanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 331,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Penerangan atau Cahaya di Tempat Kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 344,
"width": 419,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cahaya atau penerangan sangat besar manfaatnya bagi karyawan guna mendapat keselamatan dan kelancaran kerja, oleh sebab itu perlu diperhatikan adanya penerangan (cahaya) yang terang tetapi tidak menyilaukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 381,
"width": 146,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Keamanan di Tempat Kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 394,
"width": 419,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Guna menjaga tempat dan kondisi lingkungan kerja tetap dalam keadan aman maka perlu diperhatikan adanya keamanan dalam bekerja. Oleh karena itu faktor keamanan perlu diwujudkan keberadaanya. Salah satu upaya untuk menjaga keamanan ditempat kerja, dapat memanfaatkan tenaga satuan petugas pengamanan (satpam).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 445,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Sirkulasi Udara di Tempat Kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 457,
"width": 419,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oksigen merupakan gas yang dibutuhkan oleh makhluk hidup untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidup, yaitu untuk proses metabolisme udara di sekitar dikatakan kotor apabila kadar oksigen dalam udara tersebut berkurang dan telah bercampur gas atau bau-bau yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 514,
"width": 112,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.3. Kinerja Karyawan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 530,
"width": 386,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anwar Prabu Mangkunegara (2009:75) mengemukakan bahwa indikator kinerja, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 542,
"width": 81,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Kualitas Kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 555,
"width": 426,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kualiatas kerja adalah seberapa baik seorang karyawan mengerjakan apa yang harus dikerjakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 580,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Kuantitas Kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 592,
"width": 425,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kuantitas kerja adalah seberapa lama seorang karyawan bekerja dalam satu harinya. Kuantitas kerja ini dapat dilihat dari kecepatan kerja setiap karyawan itu masing-masing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 616,
"width": 97,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Pelaksanaan Tugas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 628,
"width": 425,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelaksanaan tugas adalah seberapa jauh karyawan mampu melakukan pekerjaannya dengan akurat atau tidak ada kesalahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 653,
"width": 88,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Tanggung Jawab",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 665,
"width": 425,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tanggung jawab terhadap pekerjaan adalah seberapa jauh karyawan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan yang diberikan perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 695,
"width": 140,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 710,
"width": 64,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1. Populasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 725,
"width": 384,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 56 responden PT. Bangun Jaya Persada di Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 39,
"width": 38,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Value",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 54,
"width": 399,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1979 – 0643",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "82",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 793,
"width": 213,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 82,
"width": 56,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2. Sampel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 94,
"width": 432,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik pengambilan sampling dalam penelitian ini adalah sample jenuh, dimana semua anggota populasi di jadikan sebagai sampel. Dengan demikian sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 56 responden.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 133,
"width": 96,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.3. Jenis Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 145,
"width": 432,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis penelitian yang dipakai adalah asosiatif, dimana tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat baik parsial maupun simultan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 172,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.4. Metode Analisis Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 184,
"width": 432,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam menganalisis data digunakan uji instrumen, uji asumsi klasik, regresi, koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 220,
"width": 126,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. HASIL PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 235,
"width": 109,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.1. Analisis Deskriptif",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 247,
"width": 431,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada pengujian ini digunakan untuk mengetahui skor minimum dan maksimum, mean score dan standar deviasi dari masing-masing variabel. Adapun hasilnya sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 277,
"width": 373,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Analisis Descriptive Statistics Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Motivasi (X1) 56 32 48 38.59 4.225 Lingkungan kerja (X2) 56 31 48 38.39 3.883 Kinerja Karyawan (Y) 56 33 46 39.41 3.617 Valid N (listwise) 56",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 380,
"width": 431,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Motivasi diperoleh varians minimum sebesar 32 dan varians maximum 48 dengan mean score sebesar 3,86 dengan standar deviasi 4,225. Lingkungan kerja diperoleh varians minimum sebesar 31 dan varians maximum 48 dengan mean score sebesar 3,84 dengan standar deviasi 3,883. Kinerja karyawan diperoleh varians minimum sebesar 33 dan varians maximum 46 dengan mean score sebesar 3,94 dengan standar deviasi 3,617.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 440,
"width": 114,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2. Analisis Verifikatif.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 452,
"width": 432,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada analisis ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Adapun hasil pengujian sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 476,
"width": 165,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 488,
"width": 418,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji regresi ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui perubahan variabel dependen jika variabel independen mengalami perubahan. Adapun hasil pengujiannya sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 518,
"width": 212,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Pengujian Regresi Linier Berganda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 531,
"width": 366,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 10.163 3.654 2.781 .007 Motivasi (X1) .422 .091 .493 4.637 .000 Lingkungan kerja (X2) .338 .099 .363 3.414 .001",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 616,
"width": 223,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan (Y)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 635,
"width": 427,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh persamaan regresi Y = 10,163 + 0,422X1 + 0,338X2. Dari persamaan tersebut dijelaskan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 660,
"width": 426,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Konstanta sebesar 10,163 diartikan jika motivasi dan lingkungan kerja tidak ada, maka telah terdapat nilai kinerja karyawan sebesar 10,163 point.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 685,
"width": 426,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Koefisien regresi motivasi sebesar 0,422, angka ini positif artinya setiap ada peningkatan motivasi sebesar 0,422 maka kinerja karyawan juga akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,422 point.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 723,
"width": 426,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Koefisien regresi lingkungan kerja sebesar 0,338, angka ini positif artinya setiap ada peningkatan lingkungan kerja sebesar 0,338 maka kinerja karyawan juga akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,338 point.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 39,
"width": 38,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Value",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 54,
"width": 399,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1979 – 0643",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "83",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 793,
"width": 213,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 82,
"width": 142,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Analisis Koefisien Korelasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 94,
"width": 418,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis koefisien korelasi dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui tingkat kekuatan hubungan dari variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Adapun hasil pengujian sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 138,
"width": 370,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Korelasi Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 151,
"width": 69,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Correlations b",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 166,
"width": 366,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Motivasi (X1) Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Motivasi (X1) Pearson Correlation 1 .676 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Pearson Correlation .676 ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 240,
"width": 217,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). b. Listwise N=56",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 267,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,676 artinya motivasi memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap kinerja karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 295,
"width": 408,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Korelasi Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 309,
"width": 359,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Correlations b Lingkungan kerja (X2) Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Lingkungan kerja (X2) Pearson Correlation 1 .612 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 Kinerja Karyawan (Y) Pearson Correlation .612 ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 397,
"width": 217,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). b. Listwise N=56",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 418,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,612 artinya lingkungan kerja memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap kinerja karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 450,
"width": 409,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Korelasi Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja secara simultan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 242,
"top": 481,
"width": 85,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model Summary",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 493,
"width": 365,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .745 a .555 .539 2.457",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 526,
"width": 251,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja (X2), Motivasi (X1)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 543,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,745 artinya motivasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap kinerja karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 581,
"width": 157,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Analisis Koefisien Determinasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 594,
"width": 427,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis koefisien determinasi dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui besarnya persentase pengaruh dari variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Adapun hasil pengujian sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 644,
"width": 386,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 663,
"width": 85,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model Summary",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 675,
"width": 358,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .676 a .458 .447 2.689",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 708,
"width": 158,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), Motivasi (X1)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 725,
"width": 426,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai determinasi sebesar 0,458 artinya motivasi memiliki kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 45,8% terhadap kinerja karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 39,
"width": 38,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Value",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 54,
"width": 399,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1979 – 0643",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "84",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 793,
"width": 213,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 81,
"width": 425,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 100,
"width": 85,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model Summary",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 112,
"width": 358,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .612 a .375 .363 2.886",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 145,
"width": 193,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja (X2)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 162,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai determinasi sebesar 0,375 artinya lingkungan kerja memiliki kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 37,5% terhadap kinerja karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 194,
"width": 410,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 8. Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan . Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .745 a .555 .539 2.457",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 271,
"width": 251,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), Lingkungan kerja (X2), Motivasi (X1)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 288,
"width": 427,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai determinasi sebesar 0,555 artinya motivasi dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan memiliki kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 55,5% terhadap kinerja karyawan, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 44,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 332,
"width": 141,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Uji Hipotesis Uji hipotesis Parsial (Uji t)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 357,
"width": 418,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian hipotesis dengan uji t digunakan untuk mengetahui hipotesis parsial mana yang diterima. Hipotesis pertama: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 401,
"width": 299,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 9. Hasil Uji Hipotesis Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 415,
"width": 366,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 17.063 3.331 5.122 .000 Motivasi (X1) .579 .086 .676 6.748 .000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 487,
"width": 182,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan (Y)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 504,
"width": 426,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006), dengan demikian hipotesis pertama yang diajukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan atara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 548,
"width": 340,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 10. Hasil Uji Hipotesis Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 564,
"width": 366,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 17.516 3.867 4.530 .000 Lingkungan kerja (X2) .570 .100 .612 5.690 .000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 637,
"width": 182,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja Karyawan (Y)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 654,
"width": 426,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006), dengan demikian hipotesis kedua yang diajukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan atara lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 698,
"width": 140,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Hipotesis Simultan (Uji F)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 710,
"width": 429,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian hipotesis dengan uji F digunakan untuk mengetahui hipotesis simultan yang mana yang diterima. Hipotesis ketiga Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 39,
"width": 38,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Value",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 54,
"width": 399,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1979 – 0643",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "85",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 793,
"width": 213,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 81,
"width": 403,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 11. Hasil Uji Hipotesis Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 98,
"width": 363,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 399.565 2 199.783 33.090 .000 b Residual 319.988 53 6.038 Total 719.554 55",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 178,
"width": 426,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel di atas, diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780), dengan demikian hipotesis ketiga yang diajukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan atara motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 228,
"width": 212,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.3. PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 244,
"width": 265,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.3.1. Pengaruh Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 256,
"width": 455,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan korelasi sebesar 0,676 atau memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 45,8%. Pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006). Dengan demikian hipotesis pertama yang diajukan bahwa terdapat berpengaruh signifikan antara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 313,
"width": 309,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.3.2. Pengaruh Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 325,
"width": 455,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan korelasi sebesar 0,612 atau memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 37,5%. Pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006). Dengan demikian hipotesis kedua yang diajukan bahwa terdapat berpengaruh signifikan antara lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 395,
"width": 374,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.3.3. Pengaruh Motivasi dan Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 407,
"width": 455,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Motivasi dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan diperoleh persamaan regresi Y = 10,163 + 0,422X1 + 0,338X2, nilai korelasi sebesar 0,745 atau memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 55,5% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 44,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain. Pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780). Dengan demikian hipotesis ketiga yang diajukan bahwa terdapat berpengaruh signifikan antara motivasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 489,
"width": 156,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 502,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5.1. Kesimpulan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 514,
"width": 440,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 45,8%. Uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (6,748 > 2,006).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 540,
"width": 440,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 37,5%. Uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel atau (5,690 > 2,006).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 565,
"width": 440,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Motivasi dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 55,5% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 44,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain. Uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai F hitung > F tabel atau (33,090 > 2,780).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 609,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5.2. Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 622,
"width": 447,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan motivasi bagi karyawan agar semangat bekerja dan memiliki kreatif dalam bekerja. Perlu pula kepekaan untuk sesegera mungkin membantu pekerjaan rekan kerja setelah pekerjaan sendiri selesai, sehingga disamping melakukan pekerjaan kantor, karyawan juga melakukan interaksi antara sesama karyawan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 685,
"width": 441,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Karyawan sebaiknya memiliki ruang kerja yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya dengan demikian mampu melaksanakan pekerjaannya dengan nyaman",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 710,
"width": 445,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Kinerja karyawan menunjukkan hasil yang kurang memenuhi standar, dan adanya ketidak tepatan waktu karyawan dalam menyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan. Karyawan harus lebih sering diberikan training untuk melakukan ulasan mengenai standar yang harus dicapai. Pemberian training pun harus dilakukan pada waktu yang tepat agar seluruh karyawan dapat mengikutinya, atau training dapat dilakukan dalam dua sesi bagi karyawan departemen",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 39,
"width": 38,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Value",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 54,
"width": 399,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi Volume 15 Nomor 2 Juli – Desember 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1979 – 0643",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "86",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 793,
"width": 213,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : https://doi.org/10.32534/jv.v15i2.1087",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 82,
"width": 423,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "operasional. Pemimpin harus melakukan diskusi dengan karyawan untuk mengulas penyebab keterlambatan karyawan dalam menyelesaikan tugas, sehingga pada saat itu pula dapat dicari solusi yang tepat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 132,
"width": 122,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 150,
"width": 370,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Algifari. (2015). “ Analisis Regresi untuk Bisnis dan Ekonomi” . Yogyakarta: BPFE.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 166,
"width": 453,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arikunto, Suharsimi (2014). “ Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek” . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 187,
"width": 389,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Edi Sutrisno (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 206,
"width": 331,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Freed Luthans (2016) Organizational Behavior, McGraw-Hill, New York.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 225,
"width": 419,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gerry Dessler (2016) Human Resources Management , Prenticehall, London: International Inc.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 243,
"width": 351,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Griffin R.W., & Ronald, J.E. (2003). Dasar-Dasar Pemasaran . Jakarta: Raja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 262,
"width": 391,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Handoko (2016) Manajemen Personalia dan Sumberdaya Manusia . Yogyakarta: BPFE.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 278,
"width": 360,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasibuan (2016) “Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia”. Haji Masagung. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 299,
"width": 378,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Henry Simamora (2005), Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia , STIE YKPN Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 318,
"width": 455,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Imam Ghozali (2017). “ Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program SPSS”. Edisi Kelima. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Undip.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 349,
"width": 358,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Istijanto (2014) “ Riset Sumber Daya Manusia”. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 368,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mangkunegara, Prabu Anwar. (2016). Evaluasi Kinerja SDM . Cetakan ke tujuh, PT Refika Aditama: Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 399,
"width": 348,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nitisemito, Alek.S, (2010), Manajemen Personalia , Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 418,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rivai Veithzal (2015) Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan . Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 449,
"width": 454,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rivai Veithzal (2015) Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan . Penerbit PT Raja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 462,
"width": 146,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2010.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 480,
"width": 362,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Robbins, Stephen, P. 2003. Prinsip-Prinsip Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta: Erlangga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 499,
"width": 436,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Santoso, Singgih (2015). “ Menguasai Statistik Multivariat” . Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 518,
"width": 375,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedarmayanti. (2009). Tata Kerja dan Produktivitas Kerja . Bandung: Mandar Maju.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 536,
"width": 345,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siagian, S (2007). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 555,
"width": 381,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siagian, Sondang P. 2003. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 574,
"width": 347,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sinamo, J. (2011). Delapan Etos Kerja Profesional. Jakarta: Institut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 592,
"width": 248,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sudjana (2014) “ Metode Statistika” , Bandung: Tarsido.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 611,
"width": 448,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiyono (2017), “ Metode Penelitian Administrasi : dilengkapi dengan Metode R & D”. Bandung: Alfabeta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 642,
"width": 454,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sunarsi, D., & Erlangga, A. (2020). The Effect of Leadership Style and Work Environment on the Performance of Stationary Pump Operators in the Water Resources Office of West Jakarta City Administration. International Journal of Advances in Social and Economics, 2(3).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 686,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sutrisno, S., & Sunarsi, D. (2019). The Effect of Work Motivation and Discipline on Employee Productivity at PT. Anugerah Agung in Jakarta. Jurnal Ad'ministrare, 6(2), 187-196.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 718,
"width": 382,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sunarsi, D. (2019). Seminar Sumber Daya Manusia. Tangerang Selatan: Unpam Press",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 736,
"width": 454,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sunarsi, D. (2018). Buku Ajar: Seminar Perencanaan Sumber Daya Manusia. Tangerang Selatan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 749,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asmoro Mediatama",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
6045d054-6c6d-d68b-81b6-fd5152d39881 | https://jlsuboptimal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jlso/article/download/530/493 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 335,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands ISSN: 2252-6188 (Print), ISSN: 2302-3015 (Online, www.jlsuboptimal.unsri.ac.id) Vol. 10, No.2: 202−213 Oktober 2021 DOI: 10.36706/JLSO.10.2.2021.530",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 99,
"width": 441,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Development Model of Food Crop in Suboptimal Area Based on Farmers Corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 144,
"width": 437,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Model Pengembangan Kawasan Tanaman Pangan pada Area Lahan Suboptimal Berbasis Korporasi Petani di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 181,
"width": 360,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riswani Riswani 1*) , Yunita Yunita 1 , Henny Malini 1 , Thirtawati Thirtawati 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 209,
"width": 370,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, 30862, South Sumatra, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 222,
"width": 195,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "*) Corresponding author: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 249,
"width": 244,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Received: 5 February 2021, Accepted: 17 September 2021)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 275,
"width": 443,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Citation : Riswani R, Yunita Y, Malini H, Thirtawati T. 2021. Development model of food crop in suboptimal area based on farmers corporation in Ogan Ilir regency, South Sumatra. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands . 10 (2): 202−213. DOI: 10.36706/JLSO.10.2.2021.530.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 324,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 351,
"width": 446,
"height": 287,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan berbasis pada kondisi pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan wilayah yang saat ini masih belum dilakukan dengan pola pengusahaan yang masih tersebar dan masih lemahnya pemberdayaan kelembagaan di tingkat petani, sehingga tidak efisien dalam pengusahaan khususnya pada lahan-lahan yang masih terkategori suboptimal. Berbasis pada kondisi tersebut maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan model pengembangan kawasan pertanian tanaman pangan pada sera lahan suboptimal yang berorientasi pada koorporasi petani. Analisis masalah guna pencapaian tujuan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif namun tetap dilakukan penggunaaan rumus matematis yang relevan. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan dapat disusun program aplikatif untuk pengembangan kawasan pertanian berbasis korporasi petani di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir yang dibuat berdasarkan strategi pendekatan yang telah disusun, yaitu berbasis pada pendekatan politik, teknokratis, keterpaduan top down policy-bottom up planning dan partisipatif. Adapun kelompok program yang ditekomendasikan terbagi atas program optimalisasi ketersediaan input produksi, program pengembangan budidaya padi dan sarana prasarana pendukungnya, program pemberantasan hama dan penyakit tanaman padi, program perbaikan dan pemberdayaan lembaga tani, program perbaikan dan peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani, program perbaikan panen dan pasca panen, program perbaikan pemasaran, program perbaikan infrastruktur penunjang, dan program pengembangan permodalan. Adapun lokasi pengembangan dan penerapan program difokuskan pada wilayah Kecamatan Muara Kuang, Pemulutan, Lubuk Keliat, Indralaya dan Pemulutan Selatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 641,
"width": 277,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci: kawasan, koorporasi petani, tanaman pangan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 272,
"top": 669,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 697,
"width": 443,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research was conducted based on the condition of fulfilling the food needs of the region, which was currently not being carried out with the distribution pattern and weak institutional Strengtening at the farmer level, so that its utilization was not yet efficient in exploitation especially on suboptimal land. Based on this, the main objective of this study was to formulate a model for the development of food crop agricultural areas on",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "203",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 38,
"width": 283,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 443,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "suboptimal land oriented to farmer corporations. This research used qualitative methods but the relevant mathematical formulas were still used. From the result of the analysis, an applicative program for the development of agricultural areas based on farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency was compiled, which was based on a political, technocratic approach, integration of top down policy-bottom up planning and participatory. The recommended program group was divided into programs for optimizing the availability of production inputs, developing rice cultivation and supporting infrastructure, controlling pests and diseases of rice plants, improving and empowering farmer institutions, improving and increasing farmers' knowledge and skills, improving harvest and post-harvest, improving marketing, improvement of supporting infrastructure, and development of capital. The location for the development and implementation of the program was focused on the districts of Muara Kuang, Pemulutan, Lubuk Keliat, Indralaya and Pemulutan Selatan. Keywords: farmer corporation, food crop area, food crop",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 267,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 294,
"width": 215,
"height": 384,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "One of the challenges in agricultural development today is how to provide food needs, supply industrial raw materials and increase the export of agricultural commodities, particularly in strategic commodity groups and regional superiority, such as food crops. According Iyan (2014) and Octavia et al. (2015), one of the superior crops in South Sumatra is food crops. In order to answer these challenges, as well as increase agricultural production in food crop commodities, agricultural development on food crops on an economic scale must be carried out through regional planning in the field of food crops in a comprehensive and integrated manner in line with governance in the era of regional autonomy. For this reason, Muara Enim Regency Investment Service and One Stop Integrated Services (2018) explain that agricultural development policies, especially food crops, are needed which are in line with regional development principles. The Ministry of Agriculture (2018) answer this challenge by issuing a policy to guide the development of agriculture in which one of them is to crop the regional pattern, called the crop area.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 681,
"width": 215,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia No. 18/2018, define food crop areas as a combination of food crop centers that meet the minimum economic scale of exploitation and the effectiveness of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 267,
"width": 215,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "regional development management in a sustainable manner and are functionally related in terms of natural resource potential, socio-cultural conditions, production factors and the existence of supporting infrastructure. The current implementation of agricultural area development must be based on farmer corporations, and Arifien et al. (2012) and Suryani et al. (2020), said that types of plants that can be developed by farmers in their corporations are food plants.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 433,
"width": 215,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to Faizah and Eko (2013) in the formation and development of agricultural areas based on farmer corporations, including the formation and development of food crop areas, an implementative plan is needed which can only be formulated through research and field studies, so that this plan can be used as an operational reference at the level.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 557,
"width": 215,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Field in implementing programs and activities for the development of Corporate- Based Food Crops in a directed, focused, gradual and sustainable manner. The position of the farmer corporation as the driving force of the regional economy is the main key to success in realizing advanced, independent, and modern Indonesian agriculture (Gultom et al., 2020). Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra has relatively high potential in the field of food crop development and is dominated by suboptimal land About 65% of area in Ogan Ilir is sub optimal land (BPS Ogan Ilir, 2020). Under these conditions, it is",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 38,
"width": 314,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "204",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "appropriate to optimize the potential of existing food plant resources, especially in suboptimal lands, which are still widely distributed in this area, so that they can contribute more in the effort to increase the economic growth of the region and the welfare of the people, especially farmers. According Prayoga (2016) and Rahmi et al. (2015), suboptimal land is potential land for optimization of food crops.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 211,
"width": 216,
"height": 356,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ratmini and Herwenita (2014), said that suboptimal land is one of the agroecosystems in South Sumatra which has the opportunity for agricultural development. With regard to these objectives as well as government directives set out in the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia No. 18/Permentan/RC.040/4/2018 in Central Bureau of Statistics of South Sumatra Province (2020), where to accelerate food self-sufficiency and grow farmer economic institutions, as well as to accelerate the implementation of agricultural development, it is necessary to conduct research on the development of food crop areas based on farmer corporations in areas with agricultural potential such as in the district Ogan Ilir. The direction of development must be in the form of a food crop area because in the marketing of agricultural products, especially food crops, the majority of entrepreneurs/buyers need products with large quantities, similar quality and continuity.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 570,
"width": 215,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This condition can only be supplied from farmers who are in a coordinated food crop area. This is because in one area, agro- climatically and agrosystems will be relatively similar in quality and quantity (Laili & Herman, 2018). Based on these conditions, this study aimed to (1) identify food crop commodities in Ogan Ilir Regency that have the potential to be developed with a farmer-based agricultural area development pattern; (2) mapping the food crop commodity and its development area with the concept of developing a food crop area based on a corporation in Ogan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ilir Regency, and (3) formulating a food crop area development model based on farmers’ corporations through formulating programs and activities that must be carried out in the development of food crop area based on farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": 184,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 211,
"width": 215,
"height": 274,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This study used a descriptive analytical design in the form of a survey method that aims to describe the existing conditions in detail and project future potential through analysis of the various variables to be tested. Survey research could provide a deeper picture of certain social symptoms or certain aspects of life in the community being studied and could clearly reveal the relationship between various social phenomena. The sample in this study was drawn using the Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling method with the stratification of member and non-member farmers from farmer groups as many as 30 people in each layer in the two sub-districts selected as the main rice producer in Ogan Ilir Regency. Thus, a sample size will be obtained representing the district as many as 120 rice farmers;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 487,
"width": 215,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The data collected were in this study were primary data obtained by means of direct observation and interviews with sample farmers using a questionnaire that has been prepared, and secondary data obtained from related agencies and from various literature sources related to this research. The data analysis method used were (i) Delphi analysis to obtain the factors causing the underdevelopment of food crop agricultural areas, (ii) cluster analysis to classify agricultural areas into several clusters based on factors that cause food crop agricultural areas to be less developed, (iii) triangulation analysis to formulate directions for the development of food crop agricultural areas in Ogan Ilir Regency. The data obtained in the field were then grouped using structured tabulation techniques and then analyzed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "205",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 38,
"width": 283,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 216,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The analysis was carried out based on data analysis techniques according to Sugiyono (2019), namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification and recommendation formulation. Data analysis techniques used in this study included recapitulation of interview transcripts, data reduction, data analysis, data interpretation and triangulation. From the results of the data analysis, conclusions and recommendations could be drawn. Determination of the location for determining the location of the area was based on the criteria for determining the area stipulated in the Indonesian Minister of Agriculture Regulation",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 294,
"width": 216,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No.18/Permentan/RC.040/2018 concerning guidelines for developing agricultural areas based on farmer corporations. Furthermore, the processed data was interpreted systematically, then discussed in a descriptive, structured and systematic",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "manner. The results of the analysis and discussion were used to formulate a development model in the form of programs and activities that must be carried out in the development of a corporate-based food crop area in Ogan Ilir Regency, as well as its implementation management.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 392,
"top": 184,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RESULTS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 211,
"width": 215,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Determination of Leading Food Commodities and Location of Area Development",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 253,
"width": 215,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From the application of the Delphi method and regional suitability analysis based on the regional criteria guidelines from the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture No.18/Permentan/RC.040/2018 based on Figure 1, it was determined that the superior commodities and development areas were presented in (Table 1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 570,
"width": 236,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 1. Illustration of determination of rice area location",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 595,
"width": 442,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1. The type of determination of food commodities and development areas is based on the results of the Delphi method and area analysis Type of Commodity Location Priority Village Area (Ha) Area (Ha) Rice 1. Muara Kuang Seri Kembang, Tanabang Ulu, Sripadu, Suka Cinta, Kelampadu, Tanabang Ilir, Nagasari, Sukajadi. 11.846 2. Pemulutan Palu, Aurstanding, Pemulutan Ulu, Lebung Jangkar, Pelabuhan Dalam 11.014 3. Lubuk Keliat Lubuk Keliat, Ulak Kembahang, Embacang, Kasih Raja, Talang Tengah Laut 6.125 4. Indralaya Tunas Aur, Muara Penimbung Ilir, Muara Penimbung Ulu, Ulak Bedil, Sudi Mampir 6.076 5. Pemulutan Selatan Ulak Aur Standing, Kapuk, Segayam, Pematang Bungur, Maju Jaya 4.648",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 388,
"width": 202,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Illustration of rice area in 1 city/ district city/district 1 area 2000 Ha city/district 2 area",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 486,
"width": 86,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2000 Ha 2000 Ha city/ district 3 area",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 401,
"width": 159,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Illustration of intercity/district rice area 5000 Ha District/City Area",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 454,
"width": 130,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In the inter-regency / city area, the minimum area of rice field in 1 regency/ city is 2000 ha, or if combined with other districts/cities area that is adjacent to the area is at least 5000 ha (2 districts) and 6000 ha (3 districts)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 38,
"width": 314,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "206",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Regional Development Model through Determination of Programs and Action Plans",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 115,
"width": 216,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From the results of data analysis based on problems and regional conditions, as well as the application of the Delphi method, a development model is formulated through the formulation of programs and activities that must be carried out which consist of 9 main programs. The first program was optimizing the availability of production inputs, with the form of action plans and output indicators (Table 2). The second programs and activities that were",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "recommended to be carried out for the development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency was Development of Rice Cultivation and Supporting Facilities (Table 3). The development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency of course also have to pay attention Eradication of pests and diseases of rice (Table 4). Improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions were things that must also be considered in the development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation (Table 5).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 280,
"width": 463,
"height": 477,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2. Optimizing the availability of production inputs Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Distribution of subsidized fertilizers in the right quantity, quality, on time & on price through the involvement of related institution & farmer institutions Subsidized rice fertilizer assistance to farmer groups according to RDKK Increase the quantity and quality of production from the use of fertilizers Increase the involvement of the district-level Fertilizer and Pesticide Supervisory Commission (KP3) and extension officers in monitoring and reporting the distribution of subsidized fertilizers. Subsidized rice fertilizer assistance to farmer groups according to RDKK Increase the quantity and quality of production from the use of fertilizers Training in making organic fertilizer based on local resources Training on making organic fertilizers Reduced production costs for farmers Providing assistance for integrated organic fertilizer application packages Integrated organic fertilizer application package assistance Reduced production costs for farmers & increased the quantity & quality Provision of soil processing machines, rice transplanter and combine harvester as needed Alsintan assistance according to the needs of each rice plant area Reduced production costs, efficiency & increased quantity & quality Facilitating the procurement of agricultural production equipment through the empowerment of CSR funds Alsintan assistance from the company's CSR funds Reduced production costs, efficiency, & increased quantity & quality Providing certified superior inbred rice seeds Package of certified superior hybrid rice seeds in each area Increasing the quantity & quality of production from the use of superior seeds Providing certified superior hybrid rice seeds Package of certified superior hybrid rice seeds in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of production Provision of organic rice seeds Package of organic rice seed in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of production Establishing village that produces its own seeds Availability of local seed production Establishment and development of villages that produce their own seeds Technology transfer collaboration with universities Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Making demonstration plots for superior variety seed technology testing as a result of university research on various ecosystems Technology test demonstration plot Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Development of a landless rice cultivation system The demonstration plot of landless rice cultivation Increasing the quantity and quality of production Increasing the number of seed breeders Seed breders Availability of local seed production",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "207",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 38,
"width": 284,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 218,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions could affect the level of knowledge and skills of farmers. Table 6 showed programs related to efforts to improve skills and knowledge of farmers. In this case, the action plan activities involve parties that were directly involved in increasing the knowledge of farmers, such as extension workers, farmer group associations, to banking institutions as providers of capital.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 225,
"width": 215,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Harvest and post-harvest improvements and marketing action plan activities could be seen in Table 7 and 8. The development of a rice area based on a farmer corporation",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 73,
"width": 218,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "in Ogan Ilir Regency was difficult to achieve without supported by infrastructure development and capital development. Pantouw et al. (2018) explained that infrastructure was indispensable in regional development. Table 9 presented the action plan activities in infrastructure development.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 170,
"width": 215,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The cooperation between farmer groups and banks or other capital institutions was very important, because the availability of capital was often a major problem for farmers in carrying out their farming. Table 10 showed the action plan activities in capital development.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 294,
"width": 442,
"height": 455,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "T able 3. Development of rice cultivation and supporting facilities Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Training on the application of GAP for rice in each area Training activities in each area Rice GAP application in farmer's land Construction of embankments on tidal and lowland rice fields Construction of embankments on tidal and lowlands as needed Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Repair and dredging of tertiary channels (micro water systems), especially in tidal areas Dredging and cleaning of tertiary channels (micro water system) Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Assistance in making drilling wells and water pumps as needed Assistance of drilling wells and water pumps in each area as needed Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Rehabilitation of water channels (irrigation networks) according to land types Rehabilitation of water channels (irrigation networks) according to land type Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Construction and rehabilitation of floodgates rehabilitation of floodgates Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Manufacture of a piping system The piping system on water- deficient land Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Rotating water management training for members of farmer groups/P3A Water management training for each group of water users Overcoming the problem of excess and lack of water in farmers' land Additional land area by means of paddy fields printing activities Print the fields in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of production Repair and construction of farm roads (JUT) Repair and construction of farm roads (JUT) Production distribution becomes trouble-free and transportation costs are cheap Development of floating rice cultivation Floating rice cultivation demonstration plot Increasing the quantity and quality of rice Development of wetland rice cultivation technology based on submerged stress tolerant rice varieties The demonstration plot for rice cultivation was tolerant of submerged stress Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Providing dolomite assistance on acidic land categories Dolomite assistance in each area as needed Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 38,
"width": 314,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "208",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 440,
"height": 390,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 4. Eradication of pests and diseases of rice Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Training on biological control of food crop pests based on indigenous entomopathogens Biological control training in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Training on making organic pesticides (biopesticides) and providing biopesticide packages Training on making organic pesticides in each area Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Integrated pest eradication training Integrated pest eradication training Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Facilitate rat eradication (gropyokan) activities rat eradication (gropyokan) activities Increasing the quantity & quality of rice production Table 5. Improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Training to improve management skills and group development in farmer institutions Group management training Farmer groups have professional management Competitive assessment of farmer group activeness in the development of rice farming Gapoktan Activity Competition Increased group activity Establishment of farmer cooperatives & Bumdes Farmers' cooperatives and Bumdes founded Bumdes Fostering and empowering food barns Active food barns Achieving village food security Giving awards for active farmer institutions Award ceremony Increased farmer motivation Table 6. Increased knowledge and skills of farmers Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Extension & training on rice farming according to GAP, pest & disease control,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 466,
"width": 158,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "harvest management, downstream rice industry, access to market cooperation,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 442,
"width": 434,
"height": 314,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "capital management and access to capital, institutional management and finance, online marketing training according to needs every month for each Extension Officer and area Farmers in the area who have cultivation knowledge and skills according to GAP and good management skills Participation of farmers in exhibitions, farmer gatherings, PENAS, apprenticeships and comparative studies Exhibition activities, farmer gatherings, internships and comparative studies with groups in each area Farmers in the area who have cultivation knowledge and skills according to GAP and management capabilities provide food security award Participation in the food security competition Increased farmer motivation and insight Table 7. Harvest and post-harvest improvements Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome providing rice drying equipment as needed providing rice drying equipment Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production providing tarpaulin providing tarpaulin Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production providing rice huller machine as needed providing rice huller machine Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production Training to improve harvest systems and good post-harvest processing Training to improve harvest systems and good post-harvest processing Increasing the quantity and quality of rice production",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "209",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 38,
"width": 283,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 436,
"height": 369,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 8. Marketing improvement Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Implementation of rice quality standardization Standardization of rice quality Classification of rice in the market according to quality Training on rice packaging and providing market-oriented rice packaging assistance Rice packaging training and market-oriented rice packaging assistance Production of local premium rice Training in determining the standardization of rice Rice standardization training Classification of rice according to quality Table 9. Supporting infrastructure improvements Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Improvement of farm roads Improve farming roads Production distribution is operating well Facilitating cooperation with transportation companies Facilitating cooperation with transportation companies Production distribution is operating well Table 10. Capital development Action Plan Activities Indicator Output Outcome Facilitating cooperation between farmer groups and banks or other capital institutions The establishment of cooperation between farmer groups and banks Farming scale development Facilitating farmer land certification The farmer's land has a certificate Farmers are able to access capital from the Bank Bankable rice farming management training Bankable rice farming management training Farmers are able to access capital from the Bank Establishment of Bumdes/farmer corporations Establishment of Bumdes/farmer corporation Farming scale development",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 460,
"width": 76,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 487,
"width": 215,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of the research are presented in Table 1 and Table 2 which are arranged in the form of agricultural programs and activities in the Design of Farmers Corporation-Based Food Crop Area",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 556,
"width": 215,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Development Model in Ogan Ilir Regency. Agricultural programs and activities are arranged according to the nomenclature of programs and activities in the Ministry of Agriculture and in accordance with the objectives of regional development. To ensure consistency with the Master Plan at the provincial level, the program targets referred to in the program and action plan for the development of Farmers Corporation-Based Food Crops Area in Ogan Ilir Regency are the same as the national target for developing Food Crops Area Based on Farmers' Corporations. Ogan Ilir Regency, namely:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 460,
"width": 197,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Increased production, productivity, added value and competitiveness of superior food crop commodities in Ogan Ilir Regency;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 515,
"width": 197,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Availability of agricultural infrastructure and facilities in optimal food crop areas;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 556,
"width": 197,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Application of location-specific innovative technology in food crop areas;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 598,
"width": 197,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Increase the knowledge, skills and entrepreneurship of farmers in the management of farmer economic institutions; and",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 653,
"width": 197,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. The functioning of the farming system as a whole, effectively and efficiently.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 694,
"width": 215,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on these guidelines, the program formulated in the agricultural area development model based on farmer corporations in OI Regency as presented in Table 2 is a program that will be in line",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 38,
"width": 314,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "210",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "with the South Sumatra Provincial Farmer Corporation-Based",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 87,
"width": 104,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Agricultural Area",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 101,
"width": 215,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Development Master Plan. According Ramdhani et al. (2015) and Winarso (2013), it is important to harmonize regional programs and central programs because they can help each other in implementation. The program is based on a strategic approach based on a political, technocratic approach, integrated top down policy-bottom up planning and participatory approaches.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 239,
"width": 215,
"height": 356,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The political approach is an approach to the vision and mission of the elected regional head as input in planning the development of food crop areas. Thus, the objectives and targets of national development through the establishment of food crop areas based on farmer corporations must be integrated and harmonized with the vision and mission of Bupati into policies and strategies for developing agricultural areas. According Prasetyo and Setyani (2020), farmer corporations must follow government rules in their activities. This approach primarily deals with the formal features of government and politics accentuates the study of the political institutions and structures. Therefore, the institutional approach is concerned with the study of the formal structures like legislature, executive, judiciary, political parties, and interest groups (Barnett & Finnemore, 2009) and one of the foremost implications of the the political approach is its focus on theoretical issues pertinent to the normative part of a decision-making (Pissourios, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 598,
"width": 215,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The technocratic approach is a strategy of placing an action plan for the development of a corporate-based food crop area as a scientific planning instrument prepared using scientific methods and frameworks by Bappeda and regional agencies in this case the Ogan Ilir Regency Agriculture and Food Security Service as an operational elaboration of the Regional Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) and the Plan strategy from regional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "agencies (OPD) in the scope of agriculture in Ogan Ilir District.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 101,
"width": 215,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The integrated top-down policy-bottom up planning approach is an approach by placing the Musrenbang coordination forum and other technical coordination forums carried out according to the levels of government starting from the village, sub- district and district/city levels as a forum for negotiation and consensus on the determination of regional development goals and targets. Pissourios (2014) said that the assigning of top-down and bottom- up approaches to discernible scales of planning helps the role of planning standards in each planning approach to become clear. As we saw above, regional and strategic urban planning should be ascribed to top-down approaches, while local urban planning that encompasses physical planning to bottom-up approaches.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 363,
"width": 215,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The participatory approach is an approach strategy that states that the determination and selection of types and volumes of activities are adjusted to the needs, problems and aspirations of farmers as business actors, and that financing and area development are encouraged to increase community self-sufficiency. In this case, it is hoped that farmers' participation in every activity can be empowered and enhanced in the form of economic institutions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 529,
"width": 215,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Thus the programs compiled are indeed based on the problems and needs of farmers, and in line with political and technocratic interests, so that when operations can run optimally through rational budget support/and cross-agency involvement through competent human resources. Then besides that, Effendy and Mustofa (2020) said that programs for farmers have to consists a strategy for developing of Farmer Group.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 680,
"width": 215,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on these four approaches and the problems that occur in the location of the plantation area, the District Government of Ogan Ilir has formulated program targets and activities for the development of food crop areas based on farmer corporations in",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "211",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 38,
"width": 283,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 216,
"height": 536,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "the designated areas. This is stated in the Master Plan for Agricultural Area Development in South Sumatra Province, and is directed nationally based on Kepmentan No: 45/Kpts/PD.200/1/2015, as well as the suitability of survey results and research studies with the types of food plant commodities to be developed in Ogan Ilir Regency, namely rice with applicable programs and activities that are presented in Table 2. Recommendations for the implementation of activities are compiled on an annual basis by considering aspects of production and operation management which in the agribusiness system include the stages of pre-production, production, post-harvest, processing and marketing. However, in its operational implementation, time planning in commodity development plans based on areas with aggregates and linkages between activities in a wide area must be carefully prepared by taking into account climatic conditions (especially the rainy and dry seasons), planting and harvesting times according to plant types, provision seeds, marketing patterns (price fluctuations) and other influencing aspects, including the pattern of budget disbursement for procurement activities sourced from the government budget Overall, the implementation of these programs and activities is planned to begin in 2021 with a priority on activities that become the basis for implementing subsequent activities. The initial activities are prioritized for non-physical activities, so that when physical activities take place, their implementation is supported by a strong foundation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 612,
"width": 216,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In the implementation of the program, the work unit which is expected to function as the person in charge of the implementation of activities or which is expected to act as a supporting agency that supports the implementation of activities is adjusted to the main tasks and functions of each. However, with regard to the required supporting activities, their existence must be guaranteed, the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) and work units",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "that are expected to play a role must be involved early in the process of preparing the Action Plan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 115,
"width": 215,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The main work unit in implementing this action plan is the Department of Agriculture and Food Security of Ogan Ilir Regency as the OPD which holds the main tasks and functions in developing food crops and horticulture in Ogan Ilir Regency. However, in implementing programs that are related to the main tasks and functions of other OPDs, the work unit for implementing activities will coordinate and cooperate with other OPDs such as:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 266,
"width": 215,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. For programs that are coordinated with OPD and other regions, the work unit/ Satker will involve Bappeda Ogan Ilir Regency.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 322,
"width": 215,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. For programs related to infrastructure procurement/repair, the work unit/ Satker is the Public Works Agency.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 363,
"width": 215,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Programs related to improving the quality of human resources, as a work unit/Satker it will involve universities and OPD who oversees the extension officer/PPL",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 432,
"width": 215,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Programs related to the implementation of research results, as a work unit/ Satker it will involve universities and the Regional Research and Development Center/Balitbangda.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 501,
"width": 215,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Programs related to product marketing, as a work unit/Satker it will involve the Industry and Trade Office and so on.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 543,
"width": 215,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Principles of the financial plan for activities to be facilitated by the government budget are compiled in a 5- year medium term, detailed according to financing sources, namely APBN, Provincial APBD and Regency APBD. A fundamental aspect that must be considered is the discipline of governance, so that the financing of activities must be prepared by considering the map of authority at government levels as well as the disciplines of the principles of concentration, deconcentration, Task and decentralization (DAU/DAK).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 736,
"width": 215,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In relation to the limited government and regional government budgets to support the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 38,
"width": 314,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10 (2) Oktober 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 510,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "212",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "acceleration of the development of food crop areas, the preparation of a budget plan must include aspects of self-reliance of the farming community and the participation of the business sector. The preparation of the budget scenarios should be prepared using the scenario that most rational and optimal considering the ability of the government budget, both state and local budgets. A fundamental aspect that must also be considered is the discipline of governance, so that the activity financing plan must be prepared by considering the map of authority and affairs at each level of government as well as the disciplinary principles of financing the Concentration Fund, Deconcentration Fund, Co- Administration Fund and Decentralization",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 322,
"width": 216,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fund. The preparation of activity financing plans is carried out in a directed manner according to the priority scale. Thus, the activity financing plan to be carried out is focused on critical factors that can accelerate the development of agricultural areas and is prioritized on increasing the role of government in agricultural development, namely: (1) providing facilities and infrastructure that the community cannot build independently and is not in demand by the private sector; (2) efforts to overcome failure in marketing of products produced by farmers; and (3) enhancing the human resource capacity of farmers and encouraging the functioning of government development institutions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 570,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 598,
"width": 215,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The food commodity with the most potential to be developed in a food crop area pattern based on farmer corporations on sub-optimal land in Ogan Ilir Regency is lowland rice. This commodity fulfills all elements of development support including land area, land conditions, availability of human resources, availability of supporting infrastructure and market potential. The rice development areas recommended for the development of corporate-based food crop areas in Ogan Ilir Regency are Muara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kuang Area, Pemulutan Area, Lubuk Keliat Area, Indralaya Area, and South Pemulutan Area. The model for developing a food crop area based on a farmer association built through the preparation of programs and activities in Ogan Ilir Regency is divided into programs to optimize the availability of production inputs, development programs for rice cultivation and supporting facilities, programs for eradicating pests and diseases of rice plants, programs for improvement and empowerment of farmer institutions, improvement programs and increase in farmers' knowledge and skills, harvest and post-harvest improvement programs, marketing improvement programs, supporting infrastructure improvement programs, and capital development programs.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 349,
"width": 130,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ACKNOWLEDGMENT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 377,
"width": 215,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The researchers would like to express their gratitude to the Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University who has funded this research and the Department of Agriculture and Food Security of Ogan Ilir Regency who have helped technically in the field.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 474,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 501,
"width": 218,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Arifien M, Fafurida V, Noekent. 2012. Development planning based on food crop agriculture in efforts to overcome poverty problems. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan. 13 (2): 288−302.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 570,
"width": 215,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Central Bureau of Statistics of South Sumatra Province. 2020. South Sumatra in Figures of 2020. Central Statistics Agency of South Sumatra Province.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 625,
"width": 215,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Effendy L, Mustofa R. 2020. Farmers 'institutional development models towards farmers' economic institutions in Sindangkasih Ciamis district. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan . 6 (1): 38−47.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 694,
"width": 218,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Faizah AA, Eko BS. 2013. Directions for the development of food crops agricultural areas in Sampang regency. Jurnal Teknik Pomits . 2 (2). DOI:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 747,
"width": 157,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10.12962/j23373539.v2i2.3926.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "213",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 38,
"width": 286,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riswani et al.: Development Model of Food Crop in Sub Optimal Area",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gultom IA, Ayu KP, Yanuarius YD,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 87,
"width": 204,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Achmad S. 2020. Corporate based agricultural sector planning analysis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 115,
"width": 201,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 128,
"width": 215,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumberdaya Manusia . 9 (2):1411−4186. Iyan R. 2014. Analysis of the leading commodities of the agricultural sector in the Sumatra region. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pembangunan. 4 (11).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 197,
"width": 218,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. 2018. Guidelines for the development of farmers' corporations-based agricultural areas. Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 266,
"width": 222,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Laili EF, Herman CD. 2018. Development of food crop based agricultural areas in Wuluhan district, Jember regency. Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning. 2 (3): 209−217. DOI: 10.29244/jp2wd.2018.2.3.209-217. Muara Enim Regency Investment Service and One Stop Integrated Services. 2018. Study on the Leading Potential of Food Crops Sub-Sector. Muara Enim Regency Investment Service and One Stop Integrated Services.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 432,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Octavia Z, Darwanto DH, Hartono S. 2015.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 446,
"width": 201,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Leading agricultural sector in South Sumatra. Jurnal Agraris . 1 (2). DOI: 10.18196/agr.129.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 487,
"width": 218,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pantouw CE, Poluan RJ, Octavianus H AR. 2018. Analysis of rurukan agropolitan area development in Tomohon. Jurnal Spasial . 5 (3).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 543,
"width": 215,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pissourios IA. 2014. Top-down and bottom- up urban and regional planning: towards a framework for the use of planning standards. European Spatial Research And Policy. 21. DOI: 110.2478/esrp- 2014-0007.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 625,
"width": 215,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prayoga K. 2016. Peat land management based on local wisdom in Kalimantan island. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Basah Tahun 2016. Jilid 3: 1016- 1022 ISBN 978-602-6483-40-9.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 694,
"width": 216,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prasetyo T, Setyani C. 2020. Development of Rice Farming Areas Based on Farmer Corporations in Central Java. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 73,
"width": 201,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "the Readiness of Agricultural Resources and Location-Specific",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 468,
"top": 87,
"width": 60,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Innovations",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 101,
"width": 165,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Entering the Industrial Era 4.0 T.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 115,
"width": 215,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rahmi O, Robiyanto HS, Ari S. 2015. The integrated lowland management in Mulia Sari, Tanjung Lago subdistrict,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 156,
"width": 201,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Banyuasin regency . Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI). 20 (3). DOI:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 184,
"width": 112,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10.18343/jipi.20.3.201",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 197,
"width": 215,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ratmini S, Herwenita. 2014. Increasing income of rice farmers through integrated crop management approaches in Lebak land, Ogan Ilir regency, South Sumatra. Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Jambi Seri Sains . 16 (1): 45−52.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 280,
"width": 218,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ramdhani H, Soni AN, Muhammad F. 2015. Increasing farmer welfare with strengthening farmer groups development of rice farming areas based on farmer corporations in Central Java. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on the Readiness of Agricultural Resources and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 377,
"width": 201,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Location-Specific Innovations Entering the Industrial Era 4.0 T . Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. 2 (3): (2015).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 446,
"width": 215,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sugiyono. 2019. Quantitative, qualitative and R & D research methods. Alfabeta, Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 487,
"width": 218,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suryani S, Sitorus SRP, Sudadi U. 2020. Study on the development of commodity-based food crops agricultural land in Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi. Journal of the region and the environment study on the development of commodity-based food crops agricultural land in Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi. Journal of the Region and the Environment . 8 (2): 147−160. DOI: 10.14710/jwl.8.2.147- 160.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 653,
"width": 215,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Winarso B. 2013. Policy of development foodstuffs commodity support master plan program for acceleration and expansion of Indonesia’s economic development (MP3EI) case studies in Gorontalo province. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. 13 (2): 85−102.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
18398f1a-b2ee-86e6-6e96-f74a153becd6 | https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan/article/download/1658/1349 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2991",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 114,
"width": 433,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "THE INFLUENCE OF GIVING LEADERSHIP STYLE INCENTIVES AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON THE WORK SPIRIT OF GENERATION Z EMPLOYEES IN SUBANG DISTRICT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 171,
"width": 303,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asri Widianingsih, Rina Dwiarti Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Indonesia Email : [email protected] , [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 221,
"width": 57,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Article Info",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 247,
"width": 100,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Received: 12/05/2023 Revised: 30/06/2023 Accepted: 05/07/2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 221,
"width": 336,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Human resources are very influential on the economic development of a local or global company. That is why the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment is an important part of human resource management, so that it can affect the morale of an employee which can support the company's achievements. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment affect employee morale. This type of research used is quantitative research. This research was conducted on generation Z employees in Subang Regency. The research population is 100 Generation Z employees. The probability sampling method is simple random sampling. The results showed that the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment had a significant positive effect on employee morale.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 350,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: giving incentives, leadership style, work environment and employee morale",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 379,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Introduction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 391,
"width": 454,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "One of the key factors in global competition is human resources (HR). It is important for companies to create human resources with high quality, skills and a highly competitive culture in an increasingly fierce global competition. HR is also the most important factor in driving the company's activities, therefore the company must ensure that the morale of HR is maintained when carrying out their duties. Positive work spirit is very important to increase the success of the company in order to survive in an increasingly competitive era.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 467,
"width": 454,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Morale is the extent to which employees are passionate about carrying out their duties and responsibilities within the company Widiantari, et al (2015: 4). Meanwhile, according to Hasibuan (2013: 141) Morale is encouragement or driving motivation to question how to direct the power and potential of subordinates, so that they want to work together productively to achieve and realize predetermined goals. Morale is very important to stimulate a person to work and be creative in his work. Indications of decreased morale can be seen from low productivity, high absenteeism, high employee turnover, increased damage rates, widespread anxiety, frequent demands and strikes. Morale is also a picture of feelings, desires or sincerity of individuals or groups towards the organization which will affect the discipline and willingness of individuals in organizational activities to do tasks better and faster.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 594,
"width": 454,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Employee morale is sometimes considered trivial by company leaders, but employee morale is very important for every employee, if every employee has high morale every employee will put out all his abilities to complete the tasks assigned to him so that employee performance will also be better as well as being able to complete tasks quickly, well and the results are satisfactory for agencies or companies Kusuma (2016). Wukir (2013: 118) states that there are two factors that affect morale, namely: 1. Factors related to finance, for example salary, wages or incentives. 2. Non-financial factors such as employment status, recognition/awards, delegation of authority, working conditions, harmonious relationships, and promotions. Some aspects which may affect employee morale consists of aspects of incentives, leadership style, and work environment.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 708,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Incentives are direct rewards paid to employees because their performance exceeds specified standards. Assuming that money can be used to encourage employees to work even harder, those who are productive prefer their salary to be paid based on the work of Sopiah and Sangadji (2018: 365).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2992",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 454,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to Larasati (2018: 99) Incentives are awards given to motivate workers to have high work productivity, which are not fixed or intermittent. Meanwhile, according to (Rochmatetal, 2013) incentives are a system of providing remuneration linked to performance, both material and non- material in nature which can provide motivation or driving force for employees to work better and enthusiastically, so that employee performance or work results increase In the end the company's goals can be achieved. Hendry (2013) incentives are incentives that are given voluntarily to employees in increasing their morale and success in order to gain competitive advantage. Based on the theories of some of these experts, it can be concluded in a general sense that giving incentives is very important to implement in a company because it indirectly affects employees so that their morale is higher. Therefore, leaders must pay attention to and understand subordinates so that each subordinate can be led.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 252,
"width": 454,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to Hendry's theory (2013) incentives are incentives that are given voluntarily to employees in increasing their morale and success in order to gain competitive advantage. The previous research conducted by Sari et al (2022) stated that incentives had a positive and significant effect on employee morale. Then supported by Suparjono (2020) states that incentives have a significant relationship and influence on work morale. Meanwhile, Maria (2017) stated that incentives had no significant effect on employee morale.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 328,
"width": 454,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Leadership style is a norm that is driven by someone when that person tries to influence the behavior of others as he sees it. Leaders need to think about the most appropriate leadership style, namely a leadership style that can maximize performance, and is easy to adapt to all situations within the organization Fahmi et al ( 2014, p. 4). Paramita (2017), states that leadership is an activity of influencing people so that they want to work together to achieve the desired goals. According to Mulyadi ( 2018: 27) leadership style is a set of characteristics used by leaders to influence subordinates so that organizational goals can be achieved or it can also be said that leadership style is a pattern of behavior and strategies that are liked and often applied by a leader. Meanwhile, according to Sigian (2017) a person's leadership style is identical to the person's leadership type. The leadership style of a leader has its own unique and distinctive traits, habits, temperament, character, and personality, to the behavior and style that distinguishes him from others.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 467,
"width": 454,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "morale is needed in every collaborative effort to achieve organizational goals, because with high morale it will result in high performance and productivity for the organization. Several factors can affect employee morale, one of which is the leadership applied within the Tarlis organization (2017). The ability of leaders to influence others will provide separate motivation for employees to do something to achieve the desired goals. Based on the results of previous research according to Dharmayanti (2021) stated that leadership style has a positive and partially significant effect on work enthusiasm at the Gianyar Regency Transportation Service. Then according to Ainun, et al (2021) also stated that leadership style has a significant effect on the morale of employees of PT. Pelindo Makassar New Port Container Terminal. Meanwhile, according to Masmarulan, et al (2021) it is different, stating that the autocratic leadership style has a negative and insignificant effect on employee morale.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 606,
"width": 454,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Not only the provision of incentives and leadership style that can affect employee morale at work, but the work environment also has the same influence. Sunyoto (2015: 38) states that the work environment is a very important component for employees when carrying out their work. According to Siagian (2014: 56) which also states that the work environment is an environment used by employees in carrying out their daily work. Meanwhile, according to George in Hasibuan (2017: 163) , argues that employees have needs related to the place and atmosphere in which they work, namely: decent and fair wages, opportunities for advancement/promotion, recognition as individuals, job security, workplace good, acceptance by the group, fair treatment and recognition of achievements. So that the work environment can be known as a condition where an employee works can influence himself in increasing his work productivity. The work environment has an important role in supporting and providing a positive influence on employee morale in realizing organizational goals.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2993",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 454,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to Zagoto's theory (2018) it shows that a good work environment provided will be well received by employees so as to generate employee morale so that the goals of the company are achieved. Meanwhile, according to Chandra & Setiawan (2018) it is clear that the real work environment influences the enthusiasm of its employees in carrying out all their duties in order to achieve a goal in an organization efficiently and effectively. This was also conveyed by several previous researchers such as Faruk (2020) who stated that the work environment has a significant positive effect on morale. Suparjono (2020) also expressed the opinion that the work environment simultaneously has a significant relationship and influence on work morale. Rozy (2021) states that the work environment has a negative value on morale (has no and significant influence).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 227,
"width": 454,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Provision of incentives, leadership style, and a good work environment are very important factors in increasing employee morale. High employee morale can increase the productivity and morale of the company's employees as a whole. However, in reality, there are still many companies in Subang Regency that pay little attention to this, especially the Z generation. Subang is a district in the province of West Java, Indonesia. The capital city is Subang Kota District.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 290,
"width": 454,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Generation Z is the first generation born into a world where all physical aspects (people and places) have a digital equivalent. According to Generation Z, the real and virtual worlds are worlds that are closely side by side or overlapping in life. Generation Z has always been able to do a good job of customizing and identifying or adapting their own identity to make it easier for the world to recognize. Generation Z or known as the generation of bowing has now enlivened the world of work. The results of the 2020 population census show that the majority of Indonesia's population is dominated by generation Z with a percentage of 29.94 while the millennial generation is 25.87%. Therefore, Generation Z has a role in providing change and development in Indonesia. Generation Z is the term given to the generation born in 1995-2012, (David and Jonah, 2018). So that companies need generation Z who have the potential to carry out their duties optimally in order to achieve company goals.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 429,
"width": 454,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the description above, research will be carried out with the title/topic of the effect of giving incentives, leadership style and work environment on the morale of generation Z employees in Subang Regency.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 480,
"width": 67,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Method",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 493,
"width": 454,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. In this study, we will measure the effect of providing incentives, motivation, and the work environment on the morale of the employees of the Millennial Generation in Subang Regency. The types and sources of data needed in this study consist of primary and secondary data. Primary research data sources are obtained directly from the original source in the form of interviews, opinion polls from individuals or groups (people) as well as the results of observations of an object, event or test result (object). In other words, researchers need to collect data by answering research questions (survey method) or object research (observation method). Secondary research data sources are obtained through intermediary media or indirectly in the form of notebooks, existing evidence or archives, both published and not published in general. In other words, researchers need to collect data by visiting the Central Study Library, archive center or reading books related to their research.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 632,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The population of this study is generation Z born in 1997-2012. This means that by 2023 according to the working age group, the population of generation Z is as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 670,
"width": 314,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1 . The age group of the working population in Subang Regency",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 683,
"width": 181,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Age Man Woman 1 15 years – 20 years 66,456 63,063 2 21 years – 26 years 67,488 65,615 Total",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 730,
"width": 254,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( Source: Central Statistics Agency for Subang Regency)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2994",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "So based on table I above, the male working age population is 127,519 while the female working age population is 133,103, so the total working age population of Generation Z is 260,622. The sampling technique used in this study uses. The reason for using this purposive sampling technique is because it is suitable for use in quantitative research, or studies that do not generalize according to Sugiyono, (2016: 85). To measure the sample size to be studied, the researcher uses the Slovin formula, where this formula is able to measure the sample size to be studied. The sample size to be studied as 99.999619 is rounded up to 100 employees.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 202,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To obtain the data and information needed in this study, the researchers used two methods, namely library research and questionnaire techniques . In this study, the measurement scale used to measure attitudes, opinions and perceptions of a person or group of people about social phenomena. Data is processed using a Likert scale with answers to questions, namely a value scale of 1-5. The value in question is the score on the respondent's answer, where the value used by the researcher is as follows score 1: (STS) = Strongly disagree, score 2: (TS) = Disagree, score 3: (KS) = Disagree, score 4 : (S) = Agree, score 5: (SS) = Strongly agree.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 290,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The analysis technique used in this research is instrument test (validity test and reliability test), classic assumption test ( normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test). Then analyze descriptive statistics and test the hypothesis using multiple linear regression test, t test, test the coefficient of determination (R 2 ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 354,
"width": 140,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Results And Discussion",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 366,
"width": 98,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Descriptive Analysis a. Gender",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 392,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Description of the characteristics of respondents based on gender can be seen in the following table:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 202,
"top": 429,
"width": 195,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2. Gender distribution of respondents Gender frequency Percentage Man 57 57% Woman 43 43% Total 100 100% Source: primary data processed",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 515,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be seen that there are more female respondents than male respondents. Female respondents have a percentage of 57% while males have a percentage of 43%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 540,
"width": 39,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Age",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 553,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "There is diversity in the age of research respondents in generation Z, it can be seen that the lowest age of the respondent is 17 years and the highest age is 26 years.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 591,
"width": 238,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 3. Distribution of Respondents' Age Frequency",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 604,
"width": 171,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Interval class frequency percentage 17 - 20 years 16 16% 21 – 23 years 63 63% 24 – 26 years 21 21% Total 100 100% Source: primary data processed",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 675,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the frequency distribution table above, the histogram can be described as follows: Based on the distribution table, it can be seen that there are 16 respondents aged 17-20 years, 21-23 years old are 63 people, and 24-26 years old are 21 people.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 713,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Length of work",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 726,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The characteristics of research respondents based on length of work can be seen in the table below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2995",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 113,
"width": 180,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 4. Respondents' length of service Length of work frequency percentage < 2 years 21 21% 24 years old 71 71% >5 years 8 8% Total 100 100% Source: primary data processed",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 210,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be seen that there are 21 respondents with a length of service of <2 years with a percentage of 21%, then respondents with the longest working period of 2-4 years with a total of 71 persons with a percentage of 71%, then the last one has worked > 5 years there are as many as 8 people with a percentage of 5%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 261,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data instrument test results",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 274,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Validity test",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 286,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of testing the validity of the variable question items giving incentives (X1) are presented in the following table;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 324,
"width": 191,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 5. Variavel X1 Validity Test Results Variable R count R table Information X1.1 0.771 0.195 Valid X1.2 0.867 0.195 Valid X1.3 0.795 0.195 Valid X1.4 0.882 0.195 Valid X1.5 0.862 0.195 Valid X1.6 0.562 0.195 Valid X1.7 0.730 0.195 Valid Source: Promer data processed from",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 455,
"width": 454,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, the results of the validity test of question items on variable X1 show that all question items have r count more than r table so that all question items in X1 are declared valid. Then on all question items carried out a reliability test.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 493,
"width": 394,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Next is the table of validity test results on the question item variable leadership style X2:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 519,
"width": 272,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 6. Validity Test Results for Leadership Style Variables",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 532,
"width": 188,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variable R count R table information X2.1 0.750 0.195 Valid X2.2 0.822 0.195 Valid X2.3 0.820 0.195 Valid X2.4 0.788 0.195 Valid X2.5 0.789 0.195 Valid X2.6 0.769 0.195 Valid Source: processed primary data",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 639,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of the X2 variavel validity test show that all question items have a value of r count more than r table. Then all statement items in the X2 variable are declared valid. Then on all the question items carried out a reliability test.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 677,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Furthermore, the results of the validity test on the item statement of the work environment variable X3 are as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2996",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 144,
"top": 113,
"width": 310,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 7. Test results for the validity of the work environment variable Variable R count R table information X3.1 0.685 0.195 Valid X3.2 0.780 0.195 Valid X3.3 0.493 0.195 Valid X3.4 0.805 0.195 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 229,
"top": 185,
"width": 141,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: processed primary data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 197,
"width": 454,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From the table above it is known that the results of the validity test at X3 show that all statement items have a value of r count more than r table. So that all question items on variable X3 are declared valid, then reliability tests are carried out on all of these statements.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 235,
"width": 419,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Then, the results of the validity test on the item statement variable morale (Y) are as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 261,
"width": 220,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 8. Results of Validity Test Variable morale Variable R count R table information Y1 0.809 0.195 Valid Y2 0.662 0.195 Valid Y3 0.725 0.195 Valid Y4 0.794 0.195 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 229,
"top": 332,
"width": 141,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: processed primary data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 358,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be seen that the results of the validity test on the Y variable show that all statement items have r count more than r table. So that the item statement on variable Y is declared valid. Then do the reliability test as many as 4 items",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 396,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Reliability Test",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 408,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The following are the results of the reliability test on the variable questionnaire Incentives (X1), Leadership Style (X2), Work Environment (X3), and Work Morale (Y), namely:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 446,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 9. Reliability Test Results",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 459,
"width": 332,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variable Questionnaire Cronbach's alpha Number of items Information Incentives Giving 0.898 7 Reliable Leadership style 0.879 6 Reliable Work environment 0.646 4 Reliable Spirit at work 0.730 4 Reliable",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 229,
"top": 518,
"width": 141,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: processed primary data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 543,
"width": 454,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "An instrument is said to be reliable if the Cronbach Alpha value is > 0.60 Sugiyono, (2016: 185). Based on the table above, it can be seen that the cronbach's alpha of the four variables is more than 0.600, namely 0.889 (X 1 ), 0.879 (X 2 ), 0.646 (X 3 ), and 0.730 (Y). so that the questionnaire variables X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and Y are declared reliable and able to become instruments for collecting data in this study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 607,
"width": 163,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Classical Assumption Test Results",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 619,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Normality test",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 632,
"width": 364,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of the data normality test for each independent variable are as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2997",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 113,
"width": 149,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 10. Normality Test Results",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 303,
"width": 144,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source : processed primary data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 316,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the normality test in the table above, it can be seen that the Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) value is 0.105. These results indicate that the Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) value is > 0.05, which means that the data in this study are normally distributed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 354,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Multicollinearity Test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 366,
"width": 453,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "With the help of the IBM SPSS 20 program, the following are the results of the multicollinearity test:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 404,
"width": 448,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 11. Multicollinearity Test Results Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Q Sig. Collinearity Statistics B std. Error Betas tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) 9,941 1,471 6,760 .000 Incentives Giving .156 .050 .380 3.131 002 .498 2007 Leadership Style 094 077 .160 1.217 .226 .426 2,346 Work environment 052 .115 056 .452 .653 .484 2067",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 521,
"width": 126,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Dependent Variable: Morale",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 533,
"width": 166,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: processed questionnaire data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 546,
"width": 454,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the multicollinearity test in the table above, the VIF value ( variance inflation factor ) of the incentive variable is 2.007 with a tolerance value of 0.498, a leadership style VIF value of 2.346 with a tolerance value of 0.426, and a work environment VIV value of 2067 with a tolerance value of 0.484. The criteria used to determine whether or not multicollinearity exists by looking at the VIF and tolerance values. If the VIF value is < 10 and the tolerance value for each independent variable is > 0.10, it can be concluded that the data in this study did not have multicollinearity. This means that in this study there was no correlation between the independent variables and was declared free of multicollinearity.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 128,
"width": 172,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 140,
"width": 254,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Unstandardiz ed Residuals N 100 Normal Parameters a,b Means .0000000 std. Deviation 1.91925868 Most Extreme Differences absolute 081 Positive 051 Negative -.081 Test Statistics 081 asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .105 c a. Test distribution is Normal.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 278,
"width": 149,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Calculated from data. c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2998",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 113,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Heteroscedasticity",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 321,
"width": 237,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 1. Heteroscedasticity Test Results Source: questionnaire data processed in attachment 5)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 346,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the scaltterplot graph, it shows that there is a clear pattern and points that spread above and below or around zero. So it can be concluded that there is no heteroscedasticity in the regression model.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 384,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Results of Data Analysis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 397,
"width": 175,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Respondents Answer Descriptive",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 409,
"width": 357,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of previous calculations, the following criteria are obtained:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 435,
"width": 173,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 12. Descriptive Test Criteria Criteria Information 1.00 – 1.79 Very low 1.80 – 2.59 Low 2.6 – 3.39 Currently 3.40 – 4.19 Tall 4.20 – 5 Very high Source: processed data",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 530,
"width": 453,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be seen that the criteria that determine the high and low answers from respondents regarding several variables in this research are as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 556,
"width": 370,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers Variable Giving Incentives (X1)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 568,
"width": 410,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 594,
"width": 423,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Descriptive Statistics of Variable Answers to Providing Incentives No Statement of Incentive Granting Average category X1.1 The incentives I received were satisfactory. 4,17 Tall X1.2 The incentives given by the company are in accordance with my performance 4,20 Very high X1.3 The incentives I receive meet the necessities of life 4.05 Tall X1.4 The incentives I receive are always increasing 4,17 Tall X1.5 The incentives I receive motivate my enthusiasm for work 4,42 Very high X1.6 I feel that giving incentives in the form of bonuses can increase morale at work 4.60 Very high X1.7 The incentives I receive are always on time 4,27 Very high",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 2999",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 113,
"width": 371,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Average totals 4,268 Very high",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 126,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: processed data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 138,
"width": 454,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the variable giving incentives in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is X1.6, namely \"I feel that giving incentives in the form of bonuses can increase morale at work\" of 4.60 with a very high category. Meanwhile, the question with the lowest average score is X1.3, namely \"The incentives I receive meet the necessities of life\" of 4.05 with the category of agreeing. Overall, the variable of giving incentives has an average value of 4.268 in the moderate category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 214,
"width": 381,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers on Leadership Style Variable (X2)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 227,
"width": 410,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 252,
"width": 418,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 14. Descriptive Statistics of Leadership Style Variable Answers No Leadership style statement Average Category X2.1 My leader is able to make good decisions 4.30 Very high X2.2 My leader is able to motivate and encourage me to excel at work 4.30 Very high X2.3 My leader has a good relationship with subordinates 3,32 Currently X2.4 My leader is able to control subordinates 4,20 Very high X2.5 My leader is able to lead the organization well 4,41 Very high X2.6 My leader is able to control emotions 4.06 Tall Average totals 4,098 Tall",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 393,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: processed data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 405,
"width": 454,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the leadership style variable in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is X2.5, namely \"My leader is able to lead the organization well\" of 4.41 with a very high category. While the question with the lowest average score is X2.3 \"My leader has a good relationship with his subordinates\" of 3.32 in the moderate category. Overall, the leadership style variable has an average value of 4.098 in the strongly agree category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 482,
"width": 396,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers to Work Environment Variables (X3)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 494,
"width": 410,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 519,
"width": 419,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 15. Descriptive statistics on the answers to the Work Environment variable No Work environment statement Average Category X3.1 The lighting where I work is adequate 4,41 Very high X3.2 The color of the walls in my office really supports my state of mind for work 4,25 Very high X3.3 The air condition in the work space makes me comfortable while working 4.53 Very high X3.4 My work environment is quiet and noise- free 4,18 Tall Average totals 4,342 Very high",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 637,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: processed data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 650,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the work environment variables in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is X3.1, namely \"the lighting of the lights where I work is adequate\" of 4.41 in the strongly agree category. While the question with the lowest average value is X3.4, namely \"my work environment is quiet and free from noise\" of 4.18 with the agree category. Overall, the work environment variable has an average value of 4.342 in the strongly agree category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 726,
"width": 316,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Descriptive Test of Respondents' Answers Variable Morale (Y)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 738,
"width": 410,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The following are the results of the descriptive test of the respondents' answers in this study:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3000",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 126,
"width": 419,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 16. Descriptive Statistics Answers to the Morale variable No Statement of morale Average Category Y1 I am passionate about work so I am never absent from work 4,28 Very high Y2 I enjoy working with colleagues in getting work done 4,34 Very high Y3 I am passionate about work so come on time 4,18 Tall Y4 I am satisfied with the results of my work which I always complete properly and correctly 4,28 Very high Average totals 4,27 Very high Source: processed data",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 279,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the morale variable in the table above, it can be seen that the question with the highest score is Y2, namely \"I like working with colleagues in completing tasks\" of 4.34 with a very high category. While the question with the lowest average value is Y3, namely \"I am enthusiastic at work so I arrive on time\" of 4.18 in the High category. Overall, the work environment variable has an average value of 4.27 in the very agree category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 355,
"width": 138,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Multiple Regression Test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 368,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study uses multiple regression tests because this study analyzes the influence or relationship of more than one independent variable to the dependent. Following are the results of the Multiple Regression Test in this study:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 418,
"width": 172,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 17. Multiple Regression Results",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 559,
"width": 98,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: data obtained",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 572,
"width": 453,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the previous table 17 test which showed the results of multiple regression tests in this study, it can be formulated in this study as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 622,
"width": 58,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Information:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 635,
"width": 148,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Y = Enthusiasm for work",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 648,
"width": 131,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a = Constant X1 = giving incentives",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 673,
"width": 128,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "X2 = Leadership style X3",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 686,
"width": 419,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "= Work environment e = Standard error The coefficients of the multiple linear regression equation above can be interpreted as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 430,
"width": 425,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardize d Coefficients Q Sig. B std. Error Betas 1 (Constant) 1,581 1,337 1,183 .240 Incentives Giving .234 039 .492 6034 .000 leadership style .256 063 .327 4,091 .000 work environment .169 .067 .157 2,523 013",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 546,
"width": 138,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Dependent Variable: morale",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 608,
"width": 200,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Y = 1,581 + 0,234 X1+ 0,256 X2+ 0,169 X3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3001",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 113,
"width": 445,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) the constant value in the equation is equal to 1.581: it means that the variables of incentives, leadership style and work environment (X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 ) have a zero value, so the morale value is 1.581.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 151,
"width": 445,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) the regression coefficient of the variable providing incentives is equal to 0.234, meaning that every increase or decrease in the value of the variable providing incentives is equal to one unit and the value of the other variables is constant, the value of employee morale will increase by 0.234 units .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 202,
"width": 445,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) the regression coefficient of the leadership style variable is 0.256, meaning that every increase or decrease in the value of the leadership style variable is equal to one unit and the value of the other variables is constant, the morale value of generation Z employees will increase by 0.256 units",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 252,
"width": 445,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d) the regression coefficient of the work environment variable is equal to 0.169, meaning that for each increase or decrease in the value of the work environment variable one unit and the value of the other variables remains constant, the morale value of generation Z employees will increase by 0.169 units.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 303,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Determinant Coefficient Test (R2)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 316,
"width": 394,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The following results of the coefficient of determination (R2) in the study are as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 341,
"width": 198,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 18. Coefficient of Determination (R2)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 417,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "S source: processed data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 429,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, the results show that the R square value of 0.665 indicates that the percentage contribution of the variables providing incentives, leadership style, and work environment to the morale of generation Z employees is 65.5%, while the remaining 34.5% is influenced by other variables outside the research.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 480,
"width": 89,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hypothesis testing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 493,
"width": 109,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Partial Test (t test)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 505,
"width": 223,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Following are the results of the t test in this study:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 531,
"width": 157,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 19. Statistical Test Results T",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 652,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: processed data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 677,
"width": 453,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of the t test analysis can be used to test the hypothesis through the following analysis:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 703,
"width": 445,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Based on the table above, it can be seen that the significant value of the incentive variable is 0.000, meaning that the significant value is less than 0.05. It can be formulated that the significance value is 0.000 <0.05, and the calculated value is 6.034 > t table is 1.984. These results can be concluded that the provision of incentives has a significant positive effect on",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 356,
"width": 296,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Summary models Model R R Square Adjusted R Square std. Error of the Estimate 1 .815 a .665 .654 1.153 a. Predictors: (Constant), work environment, leadership style, incentives",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 545,
"width": 434,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Q Sig. B std. Error Betas 1 (Constant) 1,581 1,337 1,183 .240 Incentives Giving .234 039 .492 6034 .000 leadership style .256 063 .327 4,091 .000 work environment .169 .067 .157 2,523 013 a. Dependent Variable: morale",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3002",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 113,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "employee morale. So the results prove that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted or H1 is accepted.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 138,
"width": 445,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Based on the table above, it can be seen that the significant value of the leadership style variable is 0.000, meaning that the significant value is less than 0.05. It can be formulated that the significance value is 0.000 <0.05, and the calculated value is 4.091 > t table is 1.984. These results can be concluded that leadership style has a significant positive effect on employee morale. So that the results prove that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted or H2 is accepted.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 214,
"width": 445,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Based on the table above, it can be seen that the significant value of the incentive variable is 0.013, meaning that the significant value is less than 0.05. It can be formulated that the significance value is 0.013 <0.05, and the calculated value is 2.523 > t table is 1.984. These results can be concluded that leadership style has a significant positive effect on employee morale. So the results prove that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted or H3 is accepted.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 278,
"width": 100,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Statistical Test F",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 290,
"width": 333,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The following are the results of the statistical test f in this study as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 316,
"width": 383,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 20. Test f ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares Df MeanSquare F Sig. 1 Regression 252,949 3 84,316 63,455 .000 b residual 127,561 96 1,329 Total 380,510 99 a. Dependent Variable: morale",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 410,
"width": 292,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Predictors: (Constant), work environment, leadership style, incentives",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 422,
"width": 185,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: data obtained from attachment 6)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 447,
"width": 454,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be seen that the F value is 63.455. And the significance value is 0.000. It can be formulated that a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 means that the significance value is less than 0.05 and F count is 63.455 > F table is 2.698. So that the hypothesis is accepted, namely the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment have a significant positive effect on employee morale.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 523,
"width": 52,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 536,
"width": 274,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. The effect of providing incentives on employee morale",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 548,
"width": 454,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the analysis of the multiple regression tests performed, it shows that the variable of giving incentives has a t count value of 6.034 > t table 1.984, and a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05). These results mean that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the variable of giving incentives has a significant positive effect on morale. Incentives are a system of giving remuneration that is linked to performance, both material and non-material in nature which can provide motivation or driving force for employees to work better and enthusiastically, so that employee performance or work results increase which in the end the company's goals can be achieved. Rochmatetal, 2013). Meanwhile, according to Sopiah and Sangadji (2018: 365) Incentives are direct rewards paid to employees because their performance exceeds the specified standard. Assuming that money can be used to encourage employees to work even harder, those who are productive prefer to be paid based on their work. The results of this study are reinforced by previous research conducted by the results of this study which have been proven by Anita (2015) and Atmaja (2014) stating that incentives have a positive influence on employee morale",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 713,
"width": 269,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. The influence of leadership style on employee morale",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 725,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the analysis of the multiple regression tests performed, it shows that the leadership style variable has a t count value of 4.091 > t table 1.984, and a significance value of 0.000 (0.000",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3003",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 454,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<0.05). These results mean that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the leadership style variable has a significant positive effect on morale. According to Thoha (2017: 49) leadership style is a behavioral norm that is used by someone when someone is trying to influence the behavior of others as seen. Leadership style is a way for a leader to be able to influence an employee in order to achieve the goals of a company. According to Sadariah (2016: 12) leadership style is the style used by managers to influence, organize and coordinate employees in order to achieve effective company goals. Therefore as a leader must have a good leadership style in order to achieve company goals. The results of this study are reinforced by previous research conducted. The results of this study have been proven by Dharmayanti (2021) stating that leadership style has a positive and partially significant effect on employee morale.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 240,
"width": 301,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. The influence of the work environment on employee morale",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 252,
"width": 454,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the analysis of the multiple regression tests performed, it shows that the work environment variable has a t-value of 2,523 > t-table of 1.984, and a significance value of 0.000 (0.013 <0.05). These results mean that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the work environment variable has a significant positive effect on morale. The work environment for every employee is very important, because with a good work environment employees can make them more responsible for their work. According to Setiyani et al ( 2019) the work environment is not only from the factors of work facilities that are fulfilled, but from the comfort of communicating and working with fellow team members. Maidiyanto et al., (2021) the work environment is everything that is around the worker and that can influence him in carrying out the tasks assigned to make high performance, it is necessary to increase work optimally and be able to take advantage of the potential of human resources possessed by employees to create organizational goals, so that it will make a positive contribution to organizational development. This research is in line with previous research conducted by Chandra & Setiawan (2018) in the study revealed that the work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee morale Implementation of Research results",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 442,
"width": 153,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Theoretical Implementation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 455,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of this study also support or strengthen the results of previous studies which state that the provision of incentives, leadership style and work environment have a positive and significant effect on the morale of generation Z employees. used as an antecedent variable that affects employee morale.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 506,
"width": 153,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Managerial Implementation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 518,
"width": 454,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "By accepting the first hypothesis, namely the provision of incentives has a positive effect on morale, the effort to increase morale is to increase the provision of incentives. On the basis of the findings above, a number of implementations have been put forward with efforts to increase the provision of incentives , which need to be considered by company leaders and considering that providing incentives can encourage every member in it to complete their tasks properly.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 581,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Leadership style is a process or strategy implemented by a leader to be able to influence employees to help achieve the goals of an organization. Basically the ideal leader is a leader who is able to solve complex problems accompanied by existing creativity. Then the right leadership style is able to reflect the magnitude of the superior's responsibility to his employees. When employees get an example of proper leadership from superiors, this can encourage employees to be disciplined in implementing occupational safety and health. Therefore, it is hoped that the leaders will be able to set the right example for their employees or employees.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 670,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "As with the work environment which has a positive effect on employee morale, the effort to increase morale is to improve the work environment. Human life and the environment have a close relationship. In this case, humans will always try to adapt to various environmental conditions. Likewise, when doing work, employees as human beings cannot be separated from the various circumstances surrounding the place where they work, namely the work environment. During work, each employee will interact with various conditions in the work environment. To create a productive",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3004",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "work environment is not easy, it requires direct contribution from each team member, so that a comfortable and enjoyable work atmosphere can be created by itself. This needs to be considered by company leaders, considering that conducive working conditions will encourage each member in it to complete their tasks properly.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 177,
"width": 81,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Conclusion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 189,
"width": 454,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of research and hypothesis testing, the following conclusions can be drawn: Providing incentives has a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees, this is indicated by a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05); Leadership style has a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees with a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05); The work environment has a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees with a significance of 0.013 (0.013 <0.05 ); Providing incentives, leadership style, and work environment have a significant positive effect on the morale of generation Z employees with a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05). Based on the variable of giving incentives to generation Z employees, it would be better if company leaders paid attention to giving incentives to their employees so that they could encourage their employees' morale; based on work environment variables, generation Z employees are better off maintaining conditions and creating a good, comfortable and conducive work environment as well as establishing good relations with one another's employees in order to create good performance; based on the leadership style variable for generation Z employees, it would be better if the leadership approached their employees more, maximized their ability to provide instructions and correct their employees' mistakes by making an approach, understanding the characteristics of employees, accepting employee complaints and suggestions, and involving employees in making decisions with company policy. The goal is for leaders to get closer to employees and be able to find out the nature and mistakes of employees, to then make decisions and provide instructions to employees.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 442,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Referensi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 464,
"width": 455,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ariansyah, F., Kusumayadi, F., 2022. Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Pegawai Pada Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPENDA) Kota Bima . Program Studi Manajemen. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Bima.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 502,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cahyani, M, D, M., Mujiati, W., 2019. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Motivasi Dan Kompensansi Terhadap Semangat Kerja . Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Universitas Udayana (Unud), Bali, Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 540,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Chandra, D, A., Roy Setiawan, 2018. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Iklim Organisasi Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan PT.Diantri . Program Manajemen Bisnis, Program Studi Manajemen. Universitas Kristen Petra.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 578,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Chistiano, A., 2016. Pengaruh Motivasi Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Pada PT.Mitra Anda Di Pontianak . STIE Widya Dharma.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 603,
"width": 454,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dharmayanti, T, I. Kawiyana, P, G. Astrama, M., 2021. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Gianyar. Fakultas Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Pariwisata. Universitas Hindu Indonesia. Duha, S, H., Duha, T., Buulolo, P., 2021 . Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai Yang Dimediasi Oleh Kepemimpinan (Studi Pada Dinas Perpustakaan Kabupaten Nias Selatan). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiwa Nias Selatan. Faruk, 2020. Pengaruh Pemberian Insentif Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Di Bagian Produksi PT.Jasa Indah Maritim . Program Studi Manajemen STIE Yapan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 717,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Harianto, E. Yusuf, M., 2020. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Semangat Kerja . Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Bima",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 67,
"width": 237,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php JURNAL SCIENTIA, Volume 12 No 03, 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 432,
"top": 82,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2302-0059",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 762,
"width": 385,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Scientia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC 4.0 3005",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammad Nur Holis M, N., Alif, D, D, A., 2022. Analisis Pengaruh Motivasi, Dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Pada PT Semangat Kerja Karyawan CV.Lima Utama Banyuwangi . Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Banyuwangi E.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 151,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rachman, M, M., 2016. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Pemberian Insentif Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan (Studi Kasus Pada PT. Tatamulia Nusantara Indah Surabaya). Dosen FE. Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Rahmanda, N, R., Verawati, D, M., 2022. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja (Studi Kasus Pada Karyawan KSP AMAJ Kota Magelang). Akuntansi Bisnis Dan Keuangan. Universitas Tidar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 227,
"width": 454,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rismawati. Syafira N, D., 2020. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai . Jurnal Manajemen Stategik Kewirausahaan. Sari, F, M., Koto, M, s., Simamora, F, N., 2022. Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Insentif Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai Pada Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan Pendapatan Dan Aset Daerah Kota Sibolga . Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Al Washliyah Sibolga/Tapanuli Tengah. Suparjono, 2020. Pengaruh Pemberian Insentif Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai Pada Biro Administrasi Umum Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau . Program Studi Manajemen. Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 341,
"width": 455,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Syamsyudin., Bachiar T, 2018. Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Motivasi Terhadap Semangat Kerja Divisi Produksi Karyawan Pada PT.Utama Gas Multi Perkasa Cabang Serang . Program Studi Manajemen. Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis. Universitas Serang Raya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 379,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Turangan, O, W., Christoffel Kojo, C., Mintardjo, C,. 2017. Pengaruh Pemberian Upah Dan Insentif Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Pegawai Kantor Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jurusan Manajemen. Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.