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๋งค์ถ˜์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์œ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ฑํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
If prohibition is this harmful, you might ask, why it so popular?
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ์„ , ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ์™ธ๋œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋Š˜ ์ƒ์กด์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข… ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์„ฑ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž๋“ค ํŠนํžˆ ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
Firstly, sex work is and always has been a survival strategy for all kinds of unpopular minority groups: people of color, migrants, people with disabilities, LGBTQ people, particularly trans women.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋“ค์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฒ•์•ˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„๋‚œ๊ณผ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
These are the groups most heavily profiled and punished through prohibitionist law.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I don't think this is an accident.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ๋“ค์€ ์ •์น˜์  ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋ฒ•์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
These laws have political support precisely because they target people that voters don't want to see or know about.
IWSLT2017
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์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
Why else might people support prohibition?
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์‹  ๋งค๋งค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Well, lots of people have understandable fears about trafficking.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฉ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ ค ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์—… ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Folks think that foreign women kidnapped and sold into sexual slavery can be saved by shutting a whole industry down.
IWSLT2017
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์ธ์‹  ๋งค๋งค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
So let's talk about trafficking.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฐ•์ œ๋…ธ๋™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋‚˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ฃ . ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Forced labor does occur in many industries, especially those where the workers are migrants or otherwise vulnerable, and this needs to be addressed.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์•…์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ • ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜์ฃ .
But it's best addressed with legislation targeting those specific abuses, not an entire industry.
IWSLT2017
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2004๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ชจ์ปด ๋งŒ์—์„œ 23๋ช…์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฐ€์ž…๊ตญ์ž๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ต์‚ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ๋ฐ€๋งค์—… ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ™” ์š”๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
When 23 undocumented Chinese migrants drowned while picking cockles in Morecambe Bay in 2004, there were no calls to outlaw the entire seafood industry to save trafficking victims.
IWSLT2017
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๋ช…์พŒํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•…์šฉ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฒดํฌ๋‹นํ•  ๋‘๋ ค์›€์—†์ด ๋‹น๊ตญ์— ๊ณ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The solution is clearly to give workers more legal protections, allowing them to resist abuse and report it to authorities without fear of arrest.
IWSLT2017
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์ธ์‹  ๋งค๋งค๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐ€์ž…๊ตญ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋งค์ถ˜์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•”์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The way the term trafficking is thrown around implies that all undocumented migration into prostitution is forced.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์•Œ์„ ์—…์ž๋“ค ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
In fact, many migrants have made a decision, out of economic need, to place themselves into the hands of people smugglers.
IWSLT2017
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋–„ ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Many do this with the full knowledge that they'll be selling sex when they reach their destination.
IWSLT2017
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๋„ค, ์ผ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์•Œ์„ ์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ•์••ํ•ด์„œ ์›์น˜์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ฝ์ ์„ ์žก๊ณ  ์•…์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
And yes, it can often be the case that these people smugglers demand exorbitant fees, coerce migrants into work they don't want to do and abuse them when they're vulnerable.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งค์ถ˜์˜ ์‹ค์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋†์žฅ์ผ์˜ ์‹ค์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ง์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
That's true of prostitution, but it's also true of agricultural work, hospitality work and domestic work.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์•„์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘๊ณ  ์˜จ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
Ultimately, nobody wants to be forced to do any kind of work, but that's a risk many migrants are willing to take, because of what they're leaving behind.
IWSLT2017
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์  ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ€๋งค์—…์ž๋“ค ์†์— ๋‚ด๋งก๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
If people were allowed to migrate legally they wouldn't have to place their lives into the hands of people smugglers.
IWSLT2017
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏผ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
The problems arise from the criminalization of migration, of sex work itself.
IWSLT2017
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
This is a lesson of history.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
If you try to prohibit something that people want or need to do, whether that's drinking alcohol or crossing borders or getting an abortion or selling sex, you create more problems than you solve.
IWSLT2017
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๊ธˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๊ณ 
Prohibition barely makes a difference to the amount of people actually doing those things.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€์— ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
But it makes a huge difference as to whether or not they're safe when they do them.
IWSLT2017
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์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฒ•์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜์ฃ ?
Why else might people support prohibition?
IWSLT2017
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ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์ธ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์—…์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ํ™•๊ณ ํžˆ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์€ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As a feminist, I know that the sex industry is a site of deeply entrenched social inequality.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์„ฑ๋งค์ˆ˜์ž ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‚จ์ž์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค์ž ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's a fact that most buyers of sex are men with money, and most sellers are women without.
IWSLT2017
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๋‹ค๋“ค ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You can agree with all that -- I do -- and still think prohibition is a terrible policy.
IWSLT2017
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๋„ˆ ๋‚˜์€, ๋” ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In a better, more equal world, maybe there would be far fewer people selling sex to survive, but you can't simply legislate a better world into existence.
IWSLT2017
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ฑ์„ ํŒ”์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜น์€ ์ง‘์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐ€์ž…๊ตญ์„ ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์„ ์—†์• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์—†์• ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ด ๊ณณ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏผ์ž ์‹ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”.
If someone needs to sell sex because they're poor or because they're homeless or because they're undocumented and they can't find legal work, taking away that option doesn't make them any less poor or house them or change their immigration status.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ถ˜์€ ๊ตด์š•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
People worry that selling sex is degrading.
IWSLT2017
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ””๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ตด์š•์ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ตถ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
Ask yourself: is it more degrading than going hungry or seeing your children go hungry?
IWSLT2017
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๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†ํ†ฑ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์ž–์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
There's no call to ban rich people from hiring nannies or getting manicures, even though most of the people doing that labor are poor, migrant women.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ๋งค์ถ˜์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
It's the fact of poor migrant women selling sex specifically that has some feminists uncomfortable.
IWSLT2017
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์™œ ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ก ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And I can understand why the sex industry provokes strong feelings.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ •์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
People have all kinds of complicated feelings when it comes to sex.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•„์š”. ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ •์ฑ…์ž…์•ˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋†’์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
But we can't make policy on the basis of mere feelings, especially not over the heads of the people actually effected by those policies.
IWSLT2017
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์„ฑ๋งค๋งค ํ์ง€์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚จ๋…€๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋ณ€์— ๊น”๋ฆฐ ์›์ธ์€ ๋’ท์ „์— ๋‘๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
If we get fixated on the abolition of sex work, we end up worrying more about a particular manifestation of gender inequality, rather than about the underlying causes.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹น์‹  ๋”ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?"
People get really hung up on the question, "Well, would you want your daughter doing it?"
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฑด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
That's the wrong question.
IWSLT2017
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋”ธ์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
Instead, imagine she is doing it.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ๋ฐค์— ๋”ธ์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
How safe is she at work tonight?
IWSLT2017
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์™œ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๊นŒ?
Why isn't she safer?
IWSLT2017
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ™” ์Šค์›จ๋ด์ด๋‚˜ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์˜ ๋ฒ• ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์  ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ™” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ๋ฒ•ํ™” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So we've looked at full criminalization, partial criminalization, the Swedish or Nordic Model and legalization, and how they all cause harm.
IWSLT2017
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. "์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”?"
Something I never hear asked is: "What do sex workers want?"
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ €ํฌ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
After all, we're the ones most affected by these laws.
IWSLT2017
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” 2003๋…„์— ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค๋ฅผ ๋น„๋ฒ”์ฃ„ํ™” ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
New Zealand decriminalized sex work in 2003.
IWSLT2017
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๊ผญ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๋ฒ”์ฃ„ํ™”์™€ ์ ๋ฒ•ํ™”๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
It's crucial to remember that decriminalization and legalization are not the same thing.
IWSLT2017
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๋น„๋ฒ”์ฃ„ํ™”๋Š” ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง•๋ฒŒ์  ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์—†์•ค๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋А ์ง์—…๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
Decriminalization means the removal of laws that punitively target the sex industry, instead treating sex work much like any other kind of work.
IWSLT2017
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•ˆ์ „์— ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
In New Zealand, people can work together for safety, and employers of sex workers are accountable to the state.
IWSLT2017
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์„ฑ๋งค๋งค ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋ผ๋„ ์†๋‹˜์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ 96%๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
A sex worker can refuse to see a client at any time, for any reason, and 96 percent of street workers report that they feel the law protects their rights.
IWSLT2017
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ฒ”์ฃ„ํ™”๋กœ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด์กŒ์ฃ .
New Zealand hasn't actually seen an increase in the amount of people doing sex work, but decriminalizing it has made it a lot safer.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ”, ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ ๋งค์ถ˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But the lesson from New Zealand isn't just that its particular legislation is good, but that crucially, it was written in collaboration with sex workers; namely, the New Zealand Prostitutes' Collective.
IWSLT2017
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์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
When it came to making sex work safer, they were ready to hear it straight from sex workers themselves.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ณณ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ตญ ๋งค์ถ˜์—ฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Here in the UK, I'm part of sex worker-led groups like the Sex Worker Open University and the English Collective of Prostitutes.
IWSLT2017
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ถ˜์˜ ๋น„๋ฒ”์ฃ„ํ™”์™€ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œํ™œ๋™๋„ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
And we form part of a global movement demanding decriminalization and self-determination.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต ์‹ฌ๋ณผ์€ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์šฐ์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The universal symbol of our movement is the red umbrella.
IWSLT2017
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UN ์—์ด์ฆˆ์œ„์›ํšŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์œ„์›ํšŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ ์š”.
We're supported in our demands by global bodies like UNAIDS, the World Health Organization and Amnesty International.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But we need more allies.
IWSLT2017
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚จ๋…€ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ทผ, ์ด๋ฏผ์ž, ๊ณต๊ณต๋ณด๊ฑด์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
If you care about gender equality or poverty or migration or public health, then sex worker rights matter to you.
IWSLT2017
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ํ™œ๋™์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
Make space for us in your movements.
IWSLT2017
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์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
That means not only listening to sex workers when we speak but amplifying our voices.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ €ํ•ญํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋งค์ถ˜์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ดด๋กญํž˜ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ตœ์„ ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋–„๋ฌธ์— ์ง„์งœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์ˆจ์ฃฝ์ธ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ €ํ•ญํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
Resist those who silence us, those who say that a prostitute is either too victimized, too damaged to know what's best for herself, or else too privileged and too removed from real hardship, not representative of the millions of voiceless victims.
IWSLT2017
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ํ”ผํ•ด์ž์™€ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•  ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
This distinction between victim and empowered is imaginary.
IWSLT2017
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It exists purely to discredit sex workers and make it easy to ignore us.
IWSLT2017
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ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
No doubt many of you work for a living.
IWSLT2017
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๋งค์ถ˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ง์—…์ด์—์š”.
Well, sex work is work, too.
IWSLT2017
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Just like you, some of us like our jobs, some of us hate them.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๋„ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Ultimately, most of us have mixed feelings.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋Š” ์š”์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
But how we feel about our work isn't the point.
IWSLT2017
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์š”์ ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
And how others feel about our work certainly isn't.
IWSLT2017
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
What's important is that we have the right to work safely and on our own terms.
IWSLT2017
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์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Sex workers are real people.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
We've had complicated experiences and complicated responses to those experiences.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
But our demands are not complicated.
IWSLT2017
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๋‰ด์š•์‹œ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—์Šค์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„์˜ ๋งค์ถ˜์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค, ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค ์˜ˆ์ „์— ์ผํ•˜๋˜ ์†Œํ˜ธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
You can ask expensive escorts in New York City, brothel workers in Cambodia, street workers in South Africa and every girl on the roster at my old job in Soho, and they will all tell you the same thing.
IWSLT2017
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์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž์™€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๋‹จ์ฑ„์™€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
You can speak to millions of sex workers and countless sex work-led organizations.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋น„๋ฒ”์ฃ„ํ™”์™€ ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๊ถŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We want full decriminalization and labor rights as workers.
IWSLT2017
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„  ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๋…ธ๋™์ž์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I'm just one sex worker on the stage today, but I'm bringing a message from all over the world.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Thank you.
IWSLT2017
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ท์„ ์ž…์—ˆ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•˜๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹ธ์› ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๊นŒ์š”?
We have historical records that allow us to know how the ancient Greeks dressed, how they lived, but how did they think?
IWSLT2017
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ๋ฉด์ธ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฟˆ ๊พธ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋Š˜ ๋™์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
One natural idea is that the deepest aspects of human thought -- our ability to imagine, to be conscious, to dream -- have always been the same.
IWSLT2017
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
Another possibility is that the social transformations that have shaped our culture may have also changed the structural columns of human thought.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š” ๊ฐ์ž ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We may all have different opinions about this.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฑด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์–ด์ ธ์˜จ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Actually, it's a long-standing philosophical debate.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ์ƒํ†ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
But is this question even amenable to science?
IWSLT2017
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒฝ๋Œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋„์‹œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด์ž ํ™”์„์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
Here I'd like to propose that in the same way we can reconstruct how the ancient Greek cities looked just based on a few bricks, that the writings of a culture are the archaeological records, the fossils, of human thought.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์„œ์ ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•ด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์ œ์ธ์Šค๋Š” 70๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๊ณผ 3,000๋…„ ์ „๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์—ด์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And in fact, doing some form of psychological analysis of some of the most ancient books of human culture, Julian Jaynes came up in the '70s with a very wild and radical hypothesis: that only 3,000 years ago, humans were what today we would call schizophrenics.
IWSLT2017
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์ค„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณ ์„œ๋“ค์— ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋œ ์ฒซ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „ํ†ต์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฎค์ฆˆ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ–‰๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ™˜๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
And he made this claim based on the fact that the first humans described in these books behaved consistently, in different traditions and in different places of the world, as if they were hearing and obeying voices that they perceived as coming from the Gods, what today we would call hallucinations.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ž์ด์ž ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And only then, as time went on, they began to recognize that they were the creators, the owners of these inner voices.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์•„ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด์ฃ .
And with this, they gained introspection: the ability to think about their own thoughts.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ œ์ธ์Šค์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ ์–ด๋„ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋А๋‚Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜์‹์— ํ•œํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜์‹์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฐœ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So Jaynes's theory is that consciousness, at least in the way we perceive it today, where we feel that we are the pilots of our own existence -- is a quite recent cultural development.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฝค ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ . ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And this theory is quite spectacular, but it has an obvious problem which is that it's built on just a few and very specific examples.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ 3,000๋…„ ์ „์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์•„ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ด ์–‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So the question is whether the theory that introspection built up in human history only about 3,000 years ago can be examined in a quantitative and objective manner.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ป”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And the problem of how to go about this is quite obvious.
IWSLT2017
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ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์ด ์–ด๋А๋‚  ์•„์นจ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ž–์•„์š”. "์•ˆ๋…•. ๋‚œ ํ”Œ๋ผํ†ค์ด์•ผ. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ž์•„ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์‹์ด ์žˆ์–ด."
It's not like Plato woke up one day and then he wrote, "Hello, I'm Plato, and as of today, I have a fully introspective consciousness."
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And this tells us actually what is the essence of the problem.
IWSLT2017
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๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ์  ์—†๋Š” ๊ด€๋…์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We need to find the emergence of a concept that's never said.
IWSLT2017
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๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์„œ์ ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The word introspection does not appear a single time in the books we want to analyze.
IWSLT2017
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