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λ¬Όλ‘ , 거짓말은 μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 감정을 μžμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” μœ μΌν•œ 상황은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Of course, lying is not the only situation that will evoke our hidden emotions.
IWSLT2017
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 거짓말을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” 것외에 이 κΈ°μˆ μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 쓰일 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
So then we asked ourselves, in addition to detecting lies, how can our technology be used?
IWSLT2017
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ν•œ κ°€μ§€ μ μš©λ°©λ²•μ€ κ΅μœ‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
One application is in education.
IWSLT2017
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄, μˆ˜ν•™ ꡐ사λ₯Ό λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ£Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 높은 λΆˆμ•ˆκ°μ„ λŠλΌλŠ” 학생을 ν™•μΈμ‹œμΌœ 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그러면 학생을 λ„μšΈ 수 있겠죠.
For example, using this technology, we can help this mathematics teacher to identify the student in his classroom who may experience high anxiety about the topic he's teaching so that he can help him.
IWSLT2017
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λ˜ν•œ 의료 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλ„ μ“Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And also we can use this in health care.
IWSLT2017
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ €λŠ” 맀일 λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜κ³Ό 화상톡화λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 수 천 마일 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μ‚΄κ³  κ³„μ‹œμ£ .
For example, every day I Skype my parents, who live thousands of miles away.
IWSLT2017
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄, λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ§€λ‚΄κ³  계신지 μ•Œ μˆ˜λ„ 있고 λ™μ‹œμ— μ‹¬λ°•λ™μˆ˜, 슀트레슀 μˆ˜μ€€, κΈ°λΆ„, 고톡을 느끼고 μžˆμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ€μ§€λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And using this technology, I can not only find out what's going on in their lives but also simultaneously monitor their heart rate, their stress level, their mood and whether or not they are experiencing pain.
IWSLT2017
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μ•„λ§ˆ λ―Έλž˜μ—λŠ” 심μž₯λ³‘μ΄λ‚˜ κ³ ν˜ˆμ•• μœ„ν—˜λ„ μ•Œ 수 있겠죠.
And perhaps in the future, their risks for heart attack or hypertension.
IWSLT2017
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그러면 λ¬ΌμœΌμ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것이 μ •μΉ˜μΈ 감정도 μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
And you may ask: Can we use this also to reveal politicians' emotions?
IWSLT2017
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, ν† λ‘  쀑에
For example, during a debate.
IWSLT2017
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λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ 'λ§žλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Well, the answer is yes.
IWSLT2017
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TV화면을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ •μΉ˜μΈμ˜ μ‹¬λ°•λ™μˆ˜, 감정, 슀트레슀λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„λ§ˆ λ―Έλž˜μ—λŠ”, μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ κ±°μ§“λ§ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•„λ‹Œμ§€ μ•Œκ² μ£ .
Using TV footage, we could detect the politicians' heart rate, mood and stress, and perhaps in the future, whether or not they are lying to us.
IWSLT2017
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λ§ˆμΌ€νŒ… 쑰사에도 μ“Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ νŠΉμ • μ†ŒλΉ„μ œν’ˆμ„ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
We can also use this in marketing research, for example, to find out whether or not people like certain consumer products.
IWSLT2017
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λ°μ΄νŠΈμ—μ„œλ„ μ“Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
We can even use it in dating.
IWSLT2017
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 데이트 μƒλŒ€κ°€ 웃고 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 이 κΈ°μˆ μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•Œ 수 있게 λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 정말 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μΉœμ ˆν•œ 건지λ₯Όμš”.
So for example, if your date is smiling at you, this technology can help you to determine or she is just trying to be nice to you.
IWSLT2017
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이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”, 단지 μž˜ν•΄μ£Όκ³  μžˆλŠ”κ±°λ„€μš”.
And in this case, she is just trying to be nice to you.
IWSLT2017
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κ²½ν”Ό μ‹œκ° 이미징 κΈ°μˆ μ€ 개발 초기 단계에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
So transdermal optical imaging technology is at a very early stage of development.
IWSLT2017
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‘μš©λ²•μ΄ λ‚˜μ˜¬ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Many new applications will come about that we don't know today.
IWSLT2017
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, ν™•μ‹€νžˆ μ•„λŠ” ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ” 거짓말은 μ ˆλŒ€ μ˜ˆμ „κ°™μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ±°λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
However, one thing I know for sure is that lying will never be the same again.
IWSLT2017
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Thank you very much.
IWSLT2017
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κ³ λ°±ν•  게 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
I've got a confession.
IWSLT2017
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μ „ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°ν†΅ λ’€μ§€λŠ” κ±Έ μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I love looking through people's garbage.
IWSLT2017
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뭐 μ΄μƒν•œ 건 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ μš”.
Now, it's not some creepy thing.
IWSLT2017
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보톡은 낑은 μ „μžμ œν’ˆμ„ μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έκ±Έ μž‘μ—…μ‹€μ— κ°€μ Έκ°€μ„œ λœ―μ–΄ 보죠.
I'm usually just looking for old electronics, stuff I can take to my workshop and hack.
IWSLT2017
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μ „ μ‹œλ””λ‘¬ λ“œλΌμ΄λΈŒμ— 집착증이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
I do have a fetish for CD-ROM drives.
IWSLT2017
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—λŠ” μ„Έ κ°€μ§€ λͺ¨ν„°κ°€ λ“€μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”. 그걸둜 μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 물건을 λ§Œλ“€ 수 있죠.
Each one's got three different motors, so now you can build things that move.
IWSLT2017
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— μŠ€μœ„μΉ˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 물건을 켜고 λ„λŠ” 데에 쓰기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
There's switches so you can turn things on and off.
IWSLT2017
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—λŠ” λλ‚΄μ£ΌλŠ” λ ˆμ΄μ €λ„ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 그걸둜 λ©‹μ§„ λ‘œλ΄‡μ„ 더 λλ‚΄μ£Όκ²Œ λ°”κΏ€ μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
There's even a freaking laser, so you can make a cool robot into an awesome robot.
IWSLT2017
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μ €λŠ” μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 물건을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ μ€‘μ—λŠ” κ½€ μ“Έλ§Œν•œ 것듀도 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
Now, I've built a lot of stuff out of garbage, and some of these things have even been kind of useful.
IWSLT2017
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그런데 사싀 말이죠. 제게 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λŠ” λ†€μž‡κ°μ΄μ—μš”. 슀슀둜 즐기렀고 λ­”κ°€ κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  λ§Œλ“€κ³  그러죠.
But here's the thing, for me, garbage is just a chance to play, to be creative and build things to amuse myself.
IWSLT2017
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μ œκ°€ 정말 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 일이라, ν•˜λ£¨ 일과가 λ˜μ–΄ λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
This is what I love doing, so I just made it part of my day job.
IWSLT2017
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μ €λŠ” λŒ€ν•™ λ‚΄μ˜ 생물학 연ꡬ싀을 이끌고 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”. κ·Έ 무엇보닀 ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬κ³Ό λͺ¨ν—˜μ— κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ‘λŠ” μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I lead a university-based biological research lab, where we value curiosity and exploration above all else.
IWSLT2017
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무슨 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šκ³  무슨 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
We aren't focused on any particular problem, and we're not trying to solve any particular disease.
IWSLT2017
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλƒ₯ μ™”λ‹€κ°€ ν₯λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ‘Œλ‹€κ°€ 닡을 μ°Ύμ•„κ°€λŠ” 그런 κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
This is just a place where people can come and ask fascinating questions and find answers.
IWSLT2017
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였래 전에 μ•Œκ²Œ 된 것이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”. μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ œκ°€ 찾은 μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ“€λ‘œ ν•„μš”ν•œ 물건을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ³΄λΌκ³  μ‹œμΌœλ³΄λ‹ˆκΉŒ 그게 μ°½μ˜μ„±μ„ ν‚€μš°λŠ” 쒋은 방법이 λ˜λ”λΌλŠ”κ±°μ£ .
And I realized a long time ago that if I challenge people to build the equipment they need out of the garbage I find, it's a great way to foster creativity.
IWSLT2017
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€ λ³΄λ‹ˆ μ „μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€μ™€ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 제 연ꡬ싀을 μ°ΎκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
And what happened was that artists and scientists from around the world started coming to my lab.
IWSLT2017
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 파격적인 아이디어λ₯Ό μ€‘μš”μ‹œν•΄μ„œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ·Έκ±Έ κ³Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜Ήλ…ν•˜κ²Œ ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜κ³  κ²€μ¦ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And it's not just because we value unconventional ideas, it's because we test and validate them with scientific rigor.
IWSLT2017
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€ μ–΄λŠ λ‚ , μ œκ°€ λ­”κ°€ λœ―μ–΄λ³΄κ³  λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜λ˜ 쀑에 κ°‘μžκΈ° 이런 아이디어가 λ– μ˜¬λžμ–΄μš”. 생체λ₯Ό ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄μ²˜λŸΌ μ·¨κΈ‰ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
So one day I was hacking something, I was taking it apart, and I had this sudden idea: Could I treat biology like hardware?
IWSLT2017
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생체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜κ³  쑰각듀을 μ„žκ³  λΌμ›Œ λ§žμΆ°μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 창의적 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έκ±Έ λ‹€μ‹œ 쑰립할 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
Could I dismantle a biological system, mix and match the parts and then put it back together in some new and creative way?
IWSLT2017
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저희 연ꡬ싀은 κ·Έ 연ꡬ에 λ°”λ‘œ μ°©μˆ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보여 λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•΄μš”.
My lab started working on this, and I want to show you the result.
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이 과일이 λ­”μ§€ μ•„μ‹œκ² μ–΄μš”?
Can any of you guys tell me what fruit this is?
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청쀑 : μ‚¬κ³Όμš”!
Audience: Apple!
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AP: 에 λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 사과죠.
Andrew Pelling: That's right -- it's an apple.
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이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•„μ…”μ•Ό ν•  것이 이 μ‚¬κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 것듀보닀 훨씬 λΉ¨κ°„λ°μš”.
Now, I actually want you to notice as well that this is a lot redder than most apples.
IWSLT2017
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이 μ•ˆμ— 인간 세포λ₯Ό λ°°μ–‘ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And that's because we grew human cells into it.
IWSLT2017
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μ™„μ „ λ¬΄κ²°ν•œ λ§€ν‚¨ν† μ‹œ 사과λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έλ‹€κ°€ μ‚¬κ³Όμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  세포와 DNAλ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜κ³  인간세포λ₯Ό μ΄μ‹ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
We took a totally innocent Macintosh apple, removed all the apple cells and DNA and then implanted human cells.
IWSLT2017
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μ‚¬κ³Όμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  세포λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜κ³  μ„¬μœ μ‘°μ§ λΌˆλŒ€λ§Œ 남겨뒀죠.
And what we're left with after removing all the apple cells is this cellulose scaffold.
IWSLT2017
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이 λΌˆλŒ€λŠ” μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ λͺ¨μ–‘κ³Ό μ§ˆκ°μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
This is the stuff that gives plants their shape and texture.
IWSLT2017
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μ—¬κΈ° μž‘μ€ ꡬ멍이 보이싀텐데 μ›λž˜λŠ” 사과 세포가 있던 κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And these little holes that you can see, this is where all the apple cells used to be.
IWSLT2017
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이걸 κ°€μ Έλ‹€κ°€ 포유λ₯˜μ˜ 세포λ₯Ό μ΄μ‹ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. νŒŒλž€μƒ‰ λΆ€λΆ„μΈλ°μš”.
So then we come along, we implant some mammalian cells that you can see in blue.
IWSLT2017
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무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”κ°€ ν•˜λ©΄, 이 녀석듀이 볡제λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ 이 λΌˆλŒ€ μ•ˆμ„ λͺ¨λ‘ μ±„μš°κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
What happens is, these guys start multiplying and they fill up this entire scaffold.
IWSLT2017
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κΈ°λ¬˜ν•΄ λ³΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 우리 신체쑰직이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 과정을 μ—°μƒν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
As weird as this is, it's actually really reminiscent of how our own tissues are organized.
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그리고 μ‚¬μ „μž„μƒμ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έ 사싀은 이 λΌˆλŒ€ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λͺΈμ—λ„ 이식할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”. 그러면 μ‹ μ²΄λŠ” 여기에 세포λ₯Ό 보내고 ν˜ˆμ•‘μ„ κ³΅κΈ‰ν—€μ„œ 계속 μ‚΄μ•„μžˆκ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And we found in our pre-clinical work that you can implant these scaffolds into the body, and the body will send in cells and a blood supply and actually keep these things alive.
IWSLT2017
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μš”μ»¨λŒ€, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 제게 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 물어보겠죠. "μ•€λ“œλ₯˜, μ‚¬κ³Όλ‘œ λͺΈ 일뢀λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄μ„œμš”?"
This is the point when people started asking me, "Andrew, can you make body parts out of apples?"
IWSLT2017
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그러면 제 λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ "μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ°Ύμ•„μ˜€μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
And I'm like, "You've come to the right place."
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이걸 제 μ•„λ‚΄μ—κ²Œ 보여쀀 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I actually brought this up with my wife.
IWSLT2017
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제 μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” μ•…κΈ° μ œμž‘μ„ ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”. λ‚˜λ¬΄μ‘°κ°μ„ ꡉμž₯히 많이 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
She's a musical instrument maker, and she does a lot of wood carving for a living.
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μ œκ°€ μ•„λ‚΄μ—κ²Œ λΆ€νƒν–ˆμ–΄μš”. "뢀탁이 μžˆλŠ”λ°, 말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ κ·€ λͺ¨μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ 이 사과λ₯Ό μ’€ κΉŽμ•„μ£Όκ² μ–΄?"
So I asked her, "Could you, like, literally carve some ears out of an apple for us?"
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄μ€¬μ–΄μš”.
And she did.
IWSLT2017
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έ κ·€λ₯Ό μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€λ‘œ κ°€μ Έμ™€μ„œ
So I took her ears to the lab.
IWSLT2017
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λ°°μ–‘ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
We then started preparing them.
IWSLT2017
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λ„€, μ•Œμ•„μš”.
Yeah, I know.
IWSLT2017
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μ§„μ§œ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 연ꡬ싀이죠.
It's a good lab, man.
IWSLT2017
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그리고 κ·Έ μœ„μ— 세포λ₯Ό ν‚€μ› μ£ .
And then we grew cells on them.
IWSLT2017
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이게 κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And this is the result.
IWSLT2017
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κ·ΈλŸ°λ°μš”. 제 연ꡬ싀이 κ·€ 제쑰 사업을 ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ μš”.
Listen, my lab is not in the ear-manufacturing business.
IWSLT2017
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„κ°„ 이런 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
People have actually been working on this for decades.
IWSLT2017
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 건 말이죠. μƒμ—…μš© λΌˆλŒ€ 쑰직은 정말 λΉ„μ‹Έκ³  λ¬Έμ œλ„ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. νŠΉν—ˆμ œν’ˆμ΄λ‚˜ 동물, μ‚¬μ²΄λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ . μ €ν¬λŠ” λͺ‡ ν‘Ό μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” κ°€κ²©μ˜ 사과λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
Here's the issue: commercial scaffolds can be really expensive and problematic, because they're sourced from proprietary products, We used an apple and it cost pennies.
IWSLT2017
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정말 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 것은 이걸 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 게 μ „ν˜€ μ–΄λ ΅μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
What's also really cool here is it's not that hard to make these things.
IWSLT2017
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ν•„μš”ν•œ μž₯λΉ„λŠ” μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”. μ£Όμš” 곡정에 ν•„μš”ν•œ 거라곀 λΉ„λˆ„μ™€ λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
The equipment you need can be built from garbage, and the key processing step only requires soap and water.
IWSLT2017
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 방법을 인터넷에 μ˜€ν”ˆμ†ŒμŠ€λ‘œ λ‹€ κ³΅κ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
So what we did was put all the instructions online as open source.
IWSLT2017
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κ·Έ 뒀에 μ–΄λŠ μ‚¬νšŒκΈ°μ—¬κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 지원을 λ°›μ•„ 이걸 μ‰½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ œμž‘ν‚€νŠΈλ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ μ„Έλ©΄λŒ€μ™€ λ‚©λ•œμš© μΈλ‘λ§Œ 있으면 μ§‘μ—μ„œλ„ μ‰½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 있죠.
And then we founded a mission-driven company, and we're developing kits to make it easier for anyone with a sink and a soldering iron to make these things at home.
IWSLT2017
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μ œκ°€ 정말 κΈ°λŒ€λ˜λŠ” 건, μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” λΆ€μ—Œμ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“  μž¬λ£Œλ“€λ‘œ 우리 λͺΈμ„ 고치고, μž¬μƒν•˜κ³ , λ³΄κ°•ν•˜λŠ” 일이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ±°λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
What I'm really curious about is if one day, it will be possible to repair, rebuild and augment our own bodies with stuff we make in the kitchen.
IWSLT2017
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λΆ€μ—Œμ΄λΌκ³  ν•˜λ‹ˆ λ§μΈλ°μš”. μ—¬κΈ° μ•„μŠ€νŒŒλΌκ±°μŠ€κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Speaking of kitchens, here's some asparagus.
IWSLT2017
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맛도 μ’‹κ³ , μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ†Œλ³€ λƒ„μƒˆλ₯Ό λ¬˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ£ .
They're tasty, and they make your pee smell funny.
IWSLT2017
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μ œκ°€ λΆ€μ—Œμ— μžˆλ‹€κ°€, λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”. μ•„μŠ€νŒŒλΌκ±°μŠ€ 쀄기 μ•„λž˜μͺ½μ„ 보면 μž‘μ€ κ΄€ 같은 것이 보이죠.
Now, I was in my kitchen, and I was noticing that when you look down the stalks of these asparagus, what you can see are all these tiny little vessels.
IWSLT2017
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이걸 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ 찍어 보면 μ„¬μœ μ‘°μ§μ΄ μ΄λ£¨λŠ” ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And when we image them in the lab, you can see how the cellulose forms these structures.
IWSLT2017
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이 그림을 보고 두 κ°€μ§€κ°€ λ– μ˜¬λžλŠ”λ°μš”. 우리 ν˜ˆκ΄€κ³Ό 신경망, μ²™μΆ”μ‹ κ²½μ˜ ꡬ성과 κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
This image reminds me of two things: our blood vessels and the structure and organization of our nerves and spinal cord.
IWSLT2017
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그럼 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ“œλ €λ³΄μ£ . 이 μ‹ κ²½λ§μ˜ μΆ•μƒ‰λŒκΈ°μ™€ 신경세포λ₯Ό ν‚€μšΈ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
So here's the question: Can we grow axons and neurons down these channels?
IWSLT2017
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λ§Œμ•½ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ μ†μƒλ˜μ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜ 잘린 신경망을 μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 데에 이 μ•„μŠ€νŒŒλΌκ±°μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠.
Because if we can, then maybe we can use asparagus to form new connections between the ends of damaged and severed nerves.
IWSLT2017
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심지어 μ²™μˆ˜ μ—°κ²°μ—λ„μš”.
Or maybe even a spinal cord.
IWSLT2017
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μ˜€ν•΄ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” 건 이건 특히 도전적인 일이고 정말 νž˜λ“  μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €ν¬λ§Œ 이 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
Don't get me wrong -- this is exceptionally challenging and really hard work to do, and we are not the only ones working on this.
IWSLT2017
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ•„μŠ€νŒŒλΌκ±°μŠ€λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” 건 저희 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
But we are the only ones using asparagus.
IWSLT2017
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 초기 λ°μ΄ν„°λ§Œ ν™•λ³΄ν•œ μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Right now, we've got really promising pilot data.
IWSLT2017
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그리고 μ‘°μ§κ³΅ν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό μ‹ κ²½μ™Έκ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬λ“€κ³Ό ν˜‘μ—…ν•˜μ—¬ 정말 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 게 λ­”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³  있죠.
And we're working with tissue engineers and neurosurgeons to find out what's actually possible.
IWSLT2017
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자 이제, μ œκ°€ μ†Œκ°œν•œ 이 λͺ¨λ“  연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•œλ²ˆ λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ—¬κΈ° λ¬΄λŒ€μ— μžˆλŠ” 물건듀 그리고 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ 연ꡬ쀑인 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ“€ 이 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ‘œ λ†€λ˜ 쀑에 λ‚˜μ˜¨ κ²°κ³Όλ¬Όλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
So listen, all of the work I've shown you, the stuff that I've built that's all around me on this stage and the other projects my lab is involved in are all a direct result of me playing with your garbage.
IWSLT2017
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λ…ΈλŠ” 것. 이것이 제 κ³Όν•™ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Play -- play is a key part of my scientific practice.
IWSLT2017
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그것이 제 μ‚¬κ³ λ°©μ‹μ˜ 틀을 κΉ¨κ³  창의적으둜 ν›ˆλ ¨ν•˜λŠ” 방법이죠. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‚¬κ³Όλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ κ·€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 생각도 ν–ˆλ˜ κ±°μ£ .
It's how I train my mind to be unconventional and to be creative and to decide to make human apple ears.
IWSLT2017
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ, λ‹€μŒμ— μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€λ„ λ‚‘κ³ , 망가지고, 제기λŠ₯도 μ•ˆν•˜κ³ , κ³ μ² κ³Ό λ‹€λ¦„μ—†λŠ” κΈ°κΈ°κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ €λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ € μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
So, the next time any of you are looking at some old, I want you to think of me.
IWSLT2017
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μ „ 그런 게 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
Because I want it.
IWSLT2017
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μ •λ§λ‘œμš”. μ–΄λ–»κ²Œλ“  제게 연락을 μ£Όμ„Έμš”. 그걸둜 뭘 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„μ§€ ν•¨κ»˜ 방법을 찾아보죠.
Seriously, please find any way to get in touch with me, and let's see what we can build.
IWSLT2017
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Thank you.
IWSLT2017
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μ €λŠ” λ§€μΆ˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I want to talk about sex for money.
IWSLT2017
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이전에 λ§€μΆ˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 많이 보셨을텐데 μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ“€κ³ΌλŠ” μ’€ λ‹¬λΌμš”.
I'm not like most of the people you'll have heard speaking about prostitution before.
IWSLT2017
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μ €λŠ” 경찰관도 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³  μ‚¬νšŒμš΄λ™κ°€λ„ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I'm not a police officer or a social worker.
IWSLT2017
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ν•™μžλ„ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ , κΈ°μžλ‚˜ μ •μΉ˜κ°€λ„ μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
I'm not an academic, a journalist or a politician.
IWSLT2017
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λ©”λ¦¬μ—„μ˜ μ•ˆλ‚΄λ¬Έμ„ 보고 μ•Œμ•„μ±„μ…¨κ² μ§€λ§Œ μˆ˜λ…€λŠ” λ”λ”μš± μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And as you'll probably have picked up from Maryam's blurb, I'm not a nun, either.
IWSLT2017
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λ‹€λ“€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§€μΆ˜μ€ κΈ€μš•μ΄λ‹€. λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ μ„ νƒν•΄μ„œ ν•˜λŠ” 일은 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€. μœ„ν—˜ν•΄μ„œ, 여성이 μ•…μš©λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μ£½κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ ν•œλ‹€κ³  말이죠.
Most of those people would tell you that selling sex is degrading; that no one would ever choose to do it; that it's dangerous; women get abused and killed.
IWSLT2017
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사싀, κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜λŠ” λ§€μΆ˜κΈˆμ§€λ²•μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜μ£ .
In fact, most of those people would say, "There should be a law against it!"
IWSLT2017
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μΌλ¦¬μžˆλŠ” μ£Όμž₯일지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Maybe that sounds reasonable to you.
IWSLT2017
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