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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํŒŒ์ด์–ดํŒ์Šค๋‚˜ ํฌ๋กฌ์„ ์›ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค์ •์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊พ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
If you wanted Firefox or Chrome, you had to doubt the default and ask, is there a different option out there, and then be a little resourceful and download a new browser.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์ด๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "์ข‹๋„ค์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๋ฅผ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?"
So people hear about this study and they're like, "Great, if I want to get better at my job, I just need to upgrade my browser?"
IWSLT2017
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
No, it's about being the kind of person who takes the initiative to doubt the default and look for a better option.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ž๋ทฐ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And if you do that well, you will open yourself up to the opposite of dรฉjร  vu.
IWSLT2017
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ '๋ทฐ์ž๋ฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ์šฉ์–ด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There's a name for it. It's called vuja de.
IWSLT2017
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'๋ทฐ์ž๋ฐ'๋Š” ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋ณด์•„์˜จ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ์‹œ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Vuja de is when you look at something you've seen many times before and all of a sudden see it with fresh eyes.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™” ๋Œ€๋ณธ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ณธ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„๋™์•ˆ ํ†ต๊ณผ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ณธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
It's a screenwriter who looks at a movie script that can't get the green light for more than half a century.
IWSLT2017
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์ •๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์•…ํ•œ ์—ฌ์™•์ด ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In every past version, the main character has been an evil queen.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜์‹ฌ์„ ํ’ˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But Jennifer Lee starts to question whether that makes sense.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฒซ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์ฃ . ์•…๋‹น์„ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›์€ ์˜์›…์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒจ์šธ์™•๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
She rewrites the first act, reinvents the villain as a tortured hero and Frozen becomes the most successful animated movie ever.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So there's a simple message from this story.
IWSLT2017
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์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šฐ๋ฉด, ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘์ง€ ๋ง์•„๋ผ.
When you feel doubt, don't let it go.
IWSLT2017
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๊ณตํฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
What about fear?
IWSLT2017
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์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋“ค๋„ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋А๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Originals feel fear, too.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
They're afraid of failing, but what sets them apart from the rest of us is that they're even more afraid of failing to try.
IWSLT2017
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋‚œ ๋’ค์— ๋ถ€๋„๋กœ ์‹คํŒจ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹คํŒจํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
They know you can fail by starting a business that goes bankrupt or by failing to start a business at all.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›„ํšŒ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹คํ–‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
They know that in the long run, our biggest regrets are not our actions but our inactions.
IWSLT2017
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๊ณผํ•™๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋Œ์ดํ‚ค๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The things we wish we could redo, if you look at the science, are the chances not taken.
IWSLT2017
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์—˜๋ก  ๋จธ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ํ…Œ์Šฌ๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
Elon Musk told me recently, he didn't expect Tesla to succeed.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์—‘์Šค ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ถค๋„ ์ง„์ž…์— ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๋ฝํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๋„๋„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
He was sure the first few SpaceX launches would fail to make it to orbit, let alone get back, but it was too important not to try.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚Œ์—†์ด ์‹œ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And for so many of us, when we have an important idea, we don't bother to try.
IWSLT2017
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
But I have some good news for you.
IWSLT2017
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๋‚˜์œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You are not going to get judged on your bad ideas.
IWSLT2017
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
A lot of people think they will.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ƒ ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉด 85%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์นจ๋ฌต์„ ์ง€ํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
If you look across industries and ask people about their biggest idea, their most important suggestion, 85 percent of them stayed silent instead of speaking up.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
They were afraid of embarrassing themselves, of looking stupid.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑฐ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But guess what? Originals have lots and lots of bad ideas, tons of them, in fact.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฑธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
Take the guy who invented this.
IWSLT2017
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ์• ๋“ค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋„ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ ํ•  ์ธํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์ด์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
Do you care that he came up with a talking doll so creepy that it scared not only kids but adults, too?
IWSLT2017
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์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ ! ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ์—๋””์Šจ์ด ์ „๊ตฌ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์—๋งŒ ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
No. You celebrate Thomas Edison for pioneering the light bulb.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ฒ˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
If you look across fields, the greatest originals are the ones who fail the most, because they're the ones who try the most.
IWSLT2017
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ํด๋ž˜์‹ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
Take classical composers, the best of the best.
IWSLT2017
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์™œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณก์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ณก๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
Why do some of them get more pages in encyclopedias than others and also have their compositions rerecorded more times?
IWSLT2017
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๊ณก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
One of the best predictors is the sheer volume of compositions that they generate.
IWSLT2017
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
The more output you churn out, the more variety you get and the better your chances of stumbling on something truly original.
IWSLT2017
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ํด๋ž˜์‹์˜ 3๋Œ€ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€์ธ ๋ฐ”ํ, ๋ฒ ํ† ๋ฒค, ๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ณก์„ ์ž‘๊ณก ํ•œ ํ›„์—์•ผ ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ์ž‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Even the three icons of classical music -- Bach, Beethoven, Mozart -- had to generate hundreds and hundreds of compositions to come up with a much smaller number of masterpieces.
IWSLT2017
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•ด์กŒ์„๊นŒ์š”?
Now, you may be wondering, how did this guy become great without doing a whole lot?
IWSLT2017
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์ €๋„ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I don't know how Wagner pulled that off.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But for most of us, if we want to be more original, we have to generate more ideas.
IWSLT2017
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์›Œ๋น„ ํŒŒ์ปค ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ์„ธ๋ จ๋˜๊ณ  ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2์ฒœ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ํ›„๋ณด์ค‘์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์›Œ๋น„์™€ ํŒŒ์ปค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The Warby Parker founders, when they were trying to name their company, they needed something sophisticated, unique, with no negative associations to build a retail brand, and they tested over 2,000 possibilities before they finally put together Warby and Parker.
IWSLT2017
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์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So if you put all this together, what you see is that originals are not that different from the rest of us.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‹ฌ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ๋นˆ๋‘ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
They feel fear and doubt. They procrastinate.
IWSLT2017
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๋‚˜์œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
They have bad ideas.
IWSLT2017
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์งˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And sometimes, it's not in spite of those qualities but because of them that they succeed.
IWSLT2017
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So when you see those things, don't make the same mistake I did.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
Don't write them off.
IWSLT2017
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด, ์—ญ์‹œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
And when that's you, don't count yourself out either.
IWSLT2017
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์ผ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋˜, ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์ œ ์•Œ์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Know that being quick to start but slow to finish can boost your creativity, that you can motivate yourself by doubting your ideas and embracing the fear of failing to try, and that you need a lot of bad ideas in order to get a few good ones.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์–ด ์˜์‹ฌ์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Look, being original is not easy, but I have no doubt about this: it's the best way to improve the world around us.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Thank you.
IWSLT2017
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ผ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
I want you to reimagine how life is organized on earth.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
Think of the planet like a human body that we inhabit.
IWSLT2017
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๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์€ ๋„๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ, ํ„ฐ๋„, ๊ณตํ•ญ, ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตํ†ต๋ง์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The skeleton is the transportation system of roads and railways, bridges and tunnels, air and seaports that enable our mobility across the continents.
IWSLT2017
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๋ชธ์— ํž˜์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์€ ์„์œ , ๊ฐ€์Šค ํŒŒ์ดํ”„์™€ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์œผ๋กœ
The vascular system that powers the body are the oil and gas pipelines and electricity grids.
IWSLT2017
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
that distribute energy.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”, ์œ„์„ฑ, ์ „ํ™”๋ง ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And the nervous system of communications is the Internet cables, satellites, cellular networks and data centers that allow us to share information.
IWSLT2017
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๊ณ„์† ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ง์€ ์ด๋ฏธ 6400๋งŒ km์˜ ๋„๋กœ์— 4๋ฐฑ๋งŒ km์˜ ์ฒ ๋กœ์— 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ km์˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ km์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์„ ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This ever-expanding infrastructural matrix already consists of 64 million kilometers of roads, four million kilometers of railways, two million kilometers of pipelines and one million kilometers of Internet cables.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
What about international borders?
IWSLT2017
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์€ 50๋งŒ km๋„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We have less than 500,000 kilometers of borders.
IWSLT2017
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Let's build a better map of the world.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ๋ฏธ์‹ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And we can start by overcoming some ancient mythology.
IWSLT2017
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์˜› ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์šด๋ช…์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๋Š”๋‹ค."
There's a saying with which all students of history are familiar: "Geography is destiny."
IWSLT2017
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
Sounds so grave, doesn't it?
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ์ € ์šด๋ช…๋ก ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's such a fatalistic adage.
IWSLT2017
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๋‚ด๋ฅ™๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ณ  ์†Œ๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋Œ€๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ† ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It tells us that landlocked countries are condemned to be poor, that small countries cannot escape their larger neighbors, that vast distances are insurmountable.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋– ๋‚œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฌํ–‰์—์„œ ๋” ํฐ ํž˜์ด ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ํœฉ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But every journey I take around the world, I see an even greater force sweeping the planet: connectivity.
IWSLT2017
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ํ˜๋ช…์€ -- ์šด์†ก, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ํ†ต์‹ ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ  -- ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋  ๋งŒํผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋ฌผ๊ฑด, ์ž์›, ์ง€์‹์˜ ์ด๋™์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€๋„์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The global connectivity revolution, in all of its forms -- transportation, energy and communications -- has enabled such a quantum leap in the mobility of people, of goods, of resources, of knowledge, such that we can no longer even think of geography as distinct from it.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํž˜์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In fact, I view the two forces as fusing together into what I call "connectography."
IWSLT2017
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์ž์›, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์ด๋™์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ ๋„์•ฝ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š”
in the mobility of people, resources and ideas, but it is an evolution, an evolution of the world from political geography, which is how we legally divide the world, to functional geography, which is how we actually use the world, from nations and borders, to infrastructure and supply chains.
IWSLT2017
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์ œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
Our global system is evolving from the vertically integrated empires of the 19th century, through the horizontally interdependent nations of the 20th century, into a global network civilization in the 21st century.
IWSLT2017
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ํ†ต์น˜๊ถŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์›์น™์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Connectivity, not sovereignty, has become the organizing principle of the human species.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We are becoming this global network civilization because we are literally building it.
IWSLT2017
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 2์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
All of the world's defense budgets and military spending taken together total just under two trillion dollars per year.
IWSLT2017
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์€ 10๋…„์•ˆ์— ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 9์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Meanwhile, our global infrastructure spending is projected to rise to nine trillion dollars per year within the coming decade.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‘๋‹น ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And, well, it should.
IWSLT2017
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์€ 30์–ต ์„ธ๊ณ„์ธ๊ตฌ๋งŒ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 70์–ต์„ ๋„˜์–ด 80์–ต์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ 90์–ต์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We have been living off an infrastructure stock meant for a world population of three billion, as our population has crossed seven billion to eight billion and eventually nine billion and more.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ธ๊ตฌ 10์–ต๋ช…๋‹น 1์กฐ ์›์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As a rule of thumb, we should spend about one trillion dollars on the basic infrastructure needs of every billion people in the world.
IWSLT2017
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๋†€๋ž„๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ด, ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์•ž์„œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Not surprisingly, Asia is in the lead.
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2015๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธํ”„๋ผํˆฌ์ž์€ํ–‰์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์„ ๊ณตํ‘œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฐ ์—ฎ์–ด์„œ ์ƒํ•˜์ด์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ณธ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ป—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„์ด์–ธ ๋กœ๋“œ์™€ ์‹คํฌ๋กœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In 2015, China announced the creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, which together with a network of other organizations aims to construct a network of iron and silk roads, stretching from Shanghai to Lisbon.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€ํ˜•ํ•™์  ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ด ์ „๊ฐœ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 40๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 4์ฒœ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And as all of this topographical engineering unfolds, we will likely spend more on infrastructure in the next 40 years, we will build more infrastructure in the next 40 years, than we have in the past 4,000 years.
IWSLT2017
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž ์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Now let's stop and think about it for a minute.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง“๋Š”๊ฒƒ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Spending so much more on building the foundations of global society rather than on the tools to destroy it can have profound consequences.
IWSLT2017
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ž์›์„ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Connectivity is how we optimize the distribution of people and resources around the world.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋˜์–ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It is how mankind comes to be more than just the sum of its parts.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I believe that is what is happening.
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฐ ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œํ™” ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Connectivity has a twin megatrend in the 21st century: planetary urbanization.
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Cities are the infrastructures that most define us.
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2030๋…„์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 2/3์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
By 2030, more than two thirds of the world's population will live in cities.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ๋‚ฑ ์ง€๋„์— ์ฐํžŒ ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑkm์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And these are not mere little dots on the map, but they are vast archipelagos stretching hundreds of kilometers.
IWSLT2017
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐด์ฟ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์บ์Šคํ‚ค๋””์•„ ์ข…์ฃผ์ง€ํ˜•์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜ ์‹œ์• ํ‹€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ป—์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Here we are in Vancouver, at the head of the Cascadia Corridor that stretches south across the US border to Seattle.
IWSLT2017
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์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ธ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋‚จ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์˜คํด๋žœ๋“œ ๋งŒ์„ ์ง€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The technology powerhouse of Silicon Valley begins north of San Francisco down to San Jose and across the bay to Oakland.
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LA์˜ ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์ด์ œ ์ƒŒ๋””์—๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋งฅ์‹œ์นธ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ‹ฐํ›„์•„๋‚˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The sprawl of Los Angeles now passes San Diego across the Mexican border to Tijuana.
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์ƒŒ๋””์—๊ณ ์™€ ํ‹ฐํ›„์•„๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ณตํ•ญ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…๊ตญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
San Diego and Tijuana now share an airport terminal where you can exit into either country.
IWSLT2017
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ๋ง์ด ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ „๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Eventually, a high-speed rail network may connect the entire Pacific spine.
IWSLT2017
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถ๋™๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์—์„œ ๋‰ด์š•์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ๊ตฐ์—๋Š”
America's northeastern megalopolis begins in Boston through New York and Philadelphia to Washington.
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5์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ค‘์ด๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์† ์ฒ ๋„๋ง์„ ์„ธ์šธ ๊ณ„ํš๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It contains more than 50 million people and also has plans for a high-speed rail network.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๊ตฐ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But Asia is where we really see the megacities coming together.
IWSLT2017
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๋„์ฟ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜๊ณ ์•ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์˜ค์‚ฌ์นด๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ๋  ์•ˆ์—๋Š” 8์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ  ์ผ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This continuous strip of light from Tokyo through Nagoya to Osaka contains more than 80 million people and most of Japan's economy.
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์ด๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ๊ตฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It is the world's largest megacity.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
For now.
IWSLT2017
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