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Context: The restoration of power to the patriciate was only temporary. After a period of unrest with repeated violent clashes such as the Züriputsch of 1839, civil war (the Sonderbundskrieg) broke out in 1847 when some Catholic cantons tried to set up a separate alliance (the Sonderbund). The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties, most of which were through friendly fire. Yet however minor the Sonderbundskrieg appears compared with other European riots and wars in the 19th century, it nevertheless had a major impact on both the psychology and the society of the Swiss and of Switzerland. Question: What did Catholic cantons attempt to set up which caused a civil war in 1839? Answer: a separate alliance (the Sonderbund) Question: What was responsible for most of the 1100 casualties incurred during the Swiss civil war in 1839? Answer: friendly fire Question: How long did the Swiss civil war in 1839 last? Answer: less than a month Question: What was the name of the Swiss civil war in 1839? Answer: the Sonderbundskrieg Question: How big was the impact the Sonderbundskrieg had on the psychology and society of the Swiss and Switzerland? Answer: major
Context: The marriage of Richard II of England to Anne of Bohemia established contacts between the two nations and brought Lollard ideas to her homeland. The teachings of the Czech priest Jan Hus were based on those of John Wycliffe, yet his followers, the Hussites, were to have a much greater political impact than the Lollards. Hus gained a great following in Bohemia, and in 1414, he was requested to appear at the Council of Constance to defend his cause. When he was burned as a heretic in 1415, it caused a popular uprising in the Czech lands. The subsequent Hussite Wars fell apart due to internal quarrels and did not result in religious or national independence for the Czechs, but both the Catholic Church and the German element within the country were weakened. Question: In what year was Jan Hus burned at the stake? Answer: 1415 Question: Who did Richard II of England marry? Answer: Anne of Bohemia Question: Whose teachings did Jan Hus base his own on? Answer: John Wycliffe Question: What were the followers of Jan Hus called? Answer: Hussites Question: What conflict resulted from death of Jan Hus? Answer: Hussite Wars Question: In what year was Jan Hus saved at the stake? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Richard I of England marry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose teachings did Jan Hus not base his own on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What weren't the followers of Jan Hus called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What conflict resulted from birth of Jan Hus? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Shih-Shan Henry Tsai writes that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes, while the Yongle Emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet. However, Van Praag states that Tibetan rulers upheld their own separate relations with the kingdoms of Nepal and Kashmir, and at times "engaged in armed confrontation with them." Question: What was the name of the eunuch? Answer: Yang Sanbao Question: Where did the Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao? Answer: Tibet Question: When did Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao into Tibet? Answer: 1413 Question: Why did Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao into Tibet? Answer: the allegiance of various Tibetan princes Question: Why did the emperor pay a small fortune in gifts? Answer: to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states
Context: India, while remaining an active member of the Commonwealth, chose as a republic to institute its own set of honours awarded by the President of India who holds a republican position some consider similar to that of the monarch in Britain. These are commonly referred to as the Padma Awards and consist of Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri in descending order. These do not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person and may not be used as titles along with individuals' names. Question: Who has set honours awarded by the President of India? Answer: India Question: Who holds a republican position some consider to monarch of Britain? Answer: President of India Question: What is referred to as the Padma Awards? Answer: President of India who holds a republican position some consider similar to that of the monarch in Britain Question: What does the Padma Awards consist of? Answer: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri Question: What does not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person? Answer: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri
Context: During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Eisenhower's career in the post-war army stalled somewhat, as military priorities diminished; many of his friends resigned for high-paying business jobs. He was assigned to the American Battle Monuments Commission directed by General Pershing, and with the help of his brother Milton Eisenhower, then a journalist at the Agriculture Department, he produced a guide to American battlefields in Europe. He then was assigned to the Army War College and graduated in 1928. After a one-year assignment in France, Eisenhower served as executive officer to General George V. Mosely, Assistant Secretary of War, from 1929 to February 1933. Major Dwight D. Eisenhower graduated from the Army Industrial College (Washington, DC) in 1933 and later served on the faculty (it was later expanded to become the Industrial College of the Armed Services and is now known as the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy). Question: Who was the head of the American Battle Monuments Commission during this period? Answer: Pershing Question: During the 1920s, for what federal department did Milton Eisenhower work? Answer: Agriculture Question: In what year did Eisenhower graduate from the Army War College? Answer: 1928 Question: What was the office held by George Mosely? Answer: Assistant Secretary of War Question: What was Eisenhower's rank in 1933? Answer: Major
Context: Among the results of the Greek and Islamic influence on this period in European history was the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra, which allowed more advanced mathematics. Astronomy advanced following the translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from Greek into Latin in the late 12th century. Medicine was also studied, especially in southern Italy, where Islamic medicine influenced the school at Salerno. Question: What invention led to advances in mathematics? Answer: algebra Question: What influential astronomy text did Ptomely author? Answer: Almagest Question: In what language was Almagest originally written? Answer: Greek Question: In what city was a medical school located that was notably influenced by Islamic medicine? Answer: Salerno Question: Into what language was Almagest translated in the 12th century? Answer: Latin
Context: Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, has drawn the attention from legal scholars. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that "a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals". The opening quote by the 19th-century essayist Charles Lamb reads: "Lawyers, I suppose, were children once." Johnson notes that even in Scout and Jem's childhood world, compromises and treaties are struck with each other by spitting on one's palm and laws are discussed by Atticus and his children: is it right that Bob Ewell hunts and traps out of season? Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms: Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson; by being turned into a non-person, Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him. Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them. For example, she refuses to wear frilly clothes, saying that Aunt Alexandra's "fanatical" attempts to place her in them made her feel "a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on [her]". Johnson states, "[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds." Question: Which character is chastised in the book for marrying a black woman? Answer: Dolphus Raymond Question: Who does Charles Lamb speculate were once children? Answer: Lawyers Question: What is another name for Scout's pink cotton penitentiary? Answer: frilly clothes
Context: The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Mycenaean Greece and continuing most notably into Classical Greece, through the influence of the Roman Empire and its Greek Eastern continuation, the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. Other cultures and nations, such as the Latin and Frankish states, the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian Republic, the Genoese Republic, and the British Empire have also left their influence on modern Greek culture, although historians credit the Greek War of Independence with revitalising Greece and giving birth to a single, cohesive entity of its multi-faceted culture. Question: Where did Greece culture begin? Answer: Mycenaean Greece Question: What do historians credit with revitalizing Greek culture? Answer: Greek War of Independence Question: The evolution of Grecian culture has evolved over what time period? Answer: thousands of years
Context: It was not until the Northern and Southern dynasties that regular script rose to dominant status. During that period, regular script continued evolving stylistically, reaching full maturity in the early Tang dynasty. Some call the writing of the early Tang calligrapher Ouyang Xun (557–641) the first mature regular script. After this point, although developments in the art of calligraphy and in character simplification still lay ahead, there were no more major stages of evolution for the mainstream script. Question: What were the North and South considered as? Answer: dynasties Question: What continued to evolve stylistically? Answer: regular script Question: What script saw no more stages of evolution? Answer: mainstream
Context: Though the country's foreign relations, particularly with Western nations, have been strained, relations have thawed since the reforms following the 2010 elections. After years of diplomatic isolation and economic and military sanctions, the United States relaxed curbs on foreign aid to Myanmar in November 2011 and announced the resumption of diplomatic relations on 13 January 2012 The European Union has placed sanctions on Myanmar, including an arms embargo, cessation of trade preferences, and suspension of all aid with the exception of humanitarian aid. Question: How have international relations developed due to the recent political changes in Burma ? Answer: relations have thawed since the reforms following the 2010 elections. Question: What did the United States do in response to the reform changes of the 2010 Burma elections ? Answer: the United States relaxed curbs on foreign aid to Myanmar in November 2011 and announced the resumption of diplomatic relations Question: What type of activity has the European Union engaged in in response to the reforms made in Burma ? Answer: sanctions on Myanmar, including an arms embargo, cessation of trade preferences, and suspension of all aid with the exception of humanitarian aid. Question: How did the United States treat Myanmar prior to the changes made in Burmese government ? Answer: years of diplomatic isolation and economic and military sanctions
Context: This clash of opinions has sparked much controversy. For example, during the drafting of the European Constitution in 2004, the Spanish government supplied the EU with translations of the text into Basque, Galician, Catalan, and Valencian, but the latter two were identical. Question: What has produced a great deal of controversy? Answer: clash of opinions Question: When did the EU create the European Constitution? Answer: 2004 Question: Who gave the EU translations of the European Constitution? Answer: Spanish government
Context: Among the parish churches are Saints John (Baptist and Evangelist), rebuilt in 1368, whose dome, decorated by Palonino, contains some of the best frescoes in Spain; El Templo (the Temple), the ancient church of the Knights Templar, which passed into the hands of the Order of Montesa and was rebuilt in the reigns of Ferdinand VI and Charles III; the former convent of the Dominicans, at one time the headquarters of the Capital General, the cloister of which has a beautiful Gothic wing and the chapter room, large columns imitating palm trees; the Colegio del Corpus Christi, which is devoted to the Blessed Sacrament, and in which perpetual adoration is carried on; the Jesuit college, which was destroyed in 1868 by the revolutionary Committee of the Popular Front, but later rebuilt; and the Colegio de San Juan (also of the Society), the former college of the nobles, now a provincial institute for secondary instruction. Question: What church holds some of Spain's greatest frescoes? Answer: Saints John Question: Who decorated the Saints John's dome? Answer: Palonino Question: Who destroyed the Jesuit college? Answer: the revolutionary Committee of the Popular Front Question: What was once headquartered in the former Dominican convent? Answer: Capital General Question: What was once a college for nobles and is now a place of secondary education? Answer: Colegio de San Juan
Context: Like in English, Dutch has generalised the dative over the accusative case for all pronouns, e.g. Du me, je, Eng me, you, vs. Germ mich/mir dich/dir. There is one exception: the standard language prescribes that in the third person plural, hen is to be used for the direct object, and hun for the indirect object. This distinction was artificially introduced in the 17th century by grammarians, and is largely ignored in spoken language and not well understood by Dutch speakers. Consequently, the third person plural forms hun and hen are interchangeable in normal usage, with hun being more common. The shared unstressed form ze is also often used as both direct and indirect objects and is a useful avoidance strategy when people are unsure which form to use. Question: What language besides Dutch uses the dative case instead of the accusative for pronouns? Answer: English Question: In the lone exception to the dative case, which pronoun is prescribed for the third person plural direct object? Answer: hen Question: When did the grammarians first draw the line between third person plural pronouns for Dutch? Answer: 17th century Question: Since most Dutch speakers don't bother with the hen/hun rule, which of the two most often gets used? Answer: hun Question: When speakers get confused about whether to use hen or hun, what interchangeable unstressed form would they probably use? Answer: ze
Context: Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers. Question: Which law first referred to the prime minister in Canada? Answer: the Constitution Act Question: When was the Constitution Act passed? Answer: 1982 Question: The Constitution Act mentions the prime minister in the context of which kinds of other ministers? Answer: federal and provincial first ministers Question: What country has completly uncodified constitution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What document in Canada has allowed for a prime minister since it was drafted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act was passed in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Soviets also helped Germany to avoid British naval blockades by providing a submarine base, Basis Nord, in the northern Soviet Union near Murmansk. This also provided a refueling and maintenance location, and a takeoff point for raids and attacks on shipping. In addition, the Soviets provided Germany with access to the Northern Sea Route for both cargo ships and raiders (though only the commerce raider Komet used the route before the German invasion), which forced Britain to protect sea lanes in both the Atlantic and the Pacific. Question: What did the Germans use to avoid British blockades? Answer: a submarine base Question: Where was the sub base located? Answer: northern Soviet Union near Murmansk Question: Which oceans did the sub base provide access to? Answer: both the Atlantic and the Pacific Question: What didn't the Germans use to avoid British blockades? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where wasn't the sub base located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the plane base located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which oceans didn't the sub base provide access to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which oceans did the sub base restrict access to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for piano six of Chopin's Polish songs. A less fraught friendship was with Alkan, with whom he discussed elements of folk music, and who was deeply affected by Chopin's death. Question: In what suite did Schumann name a work for Chopin? Answer: Carnaval Question: What piece of Chopin's work was dedicated to Schumann? Answer: Ballade No. 2 in F major Question: How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transliterate for piano? Answer: six Question: With who did Chopin feel comfortable speaking of folk music with? Answer: Alkan Question: What was recognized about Chopin from his musical peers? Answer: qualities as a pianist and composer Question: What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin? Answer: Carnaval Question: What piece did Chopin dedicate to Schumann? Answer: Ballade No. 2 in F major Question: What other musician shows to have elements of Chopin in his work? Answer: Liszt
Context: So-called voiced aspirated consonants are nearly always pronounced instead with breathy voice, a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds. The modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩ after a voiced consonant actually represents a breathy-voiced or murmured dental stop, as with the "voiced aspirated" bilabial stop ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages. This consonant is therefore more accurately transcribed as ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic for breathy voice, or with the modifier letter ⟨bʱ⟩, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiced glottal fricative ⟨ɦ⟩. Question: What is breathy voice? Answer: a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds Question: The ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages is better transcribed how for breathy voice? Answer: ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic Question: What is the superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Unaspirated consonants are nearly always pronouced how? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes a murmured vibration of the vocal cords? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What represents a strong voiced or breathy dental stop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What represents the "voice aspirated" bilabial stop in the English language? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah, but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition. This group was led by those who opposed the establishment of a new temple in Hamburg , as reflected in the booklet "Ele Divrei HaBerit". As a group of Reform Rabbis convened in Braunschweig, Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger of Altona published a manifesto entitled "Shlomei Emunei Yisrael" in German and Hebrew, having 177 Rabbis sign on. At this time the first Orthodox Jewish periodical, "Der Treue Zions Waechter", was launched with the Hebrew supplement "Shomer Zion HaNe'eman" [1845 - 1855]. In later years it was Rav Ettlinger's students Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch and Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer of Berlin who deepened the awareness and strength of Orthodox Jewry. Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch commented in 1854: Question: Where was Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer from? Answer: Berlin Question: what was the name of the Rabbi of Altona? Answer: Jacob Ettlinger Question: What was the name of the manifesto that Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger produced? Answer: Shlomei Emunei Yisrael Question: How many rabbi's signed on with the manifesto Jacob Ettlinger published? Answer: 177 Question: Where was Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch from? Answer: Berlin Question: What did Roman Jews support? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group supported a new temple in Hamburg? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did a group of orthodox Jews convene? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was considered the first Reformed Jewish periodical? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who fought against the strength and awareness of the Orthodox Jewry? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In September 1993, Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show World Tour, in which she dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix surrounded by topless dancers. In Puerto Rico she rubbed the island's flag between her legs on stage, resulting in outrage among the audience. In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it. The releases of her sexually explicit films, albums and book, and the aggressive appearance on Letterman all made critics question Madonna as a sexual renegade. Critics and fans reacted negatively, who commented that "she had gone too far" and that her career was over. Question: When was The Girlie Show World Tour? Answer: September 1993 Question: What was Madonna dressed in for the tour? Answer: whip-cracking dominatrix Question: In which country did Madonna rubbed the country's flag between her thighs that anger the public? Answer: Puerto Rico Question: What did Madonna give to Letterman to smell in his late night show that created an uproar? Answer: a pair of her panties Question: What did the critics call Madonna after the Letterman show? Answer: a sexual renegade
Context: In Ancient Indian philosophy, materialism developed around 600 BC with the works of Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy. Kanada became one of the early proponents of atomism. The Nyaya–Vaisesika school (600 BC - 100 BC) developed one of the earliest forms of atomism, though their proofs of God and their positing that the consciousness was not material precludes labelling them as materialists. Buddhist atomism and the Jaina school continued the atomic tradition. Question: Around what time did materialism become part of Ancient Indian philosophy? Answer: 600 BC Question: At that time, who helped develop materialism? Answer: Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy Question: What school advanced atomism? Answer: Nyaya–Vaisesika school Question: Between what years did the school advance atomism? Answer: 600 BC - 100 BC Question: Around what time did Ancient Indian philosophy reject materialism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At that time, who rejected the idea of materialism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What school did not teach atomism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What tradition did the Jaina school stop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What tradition did Buddhists stop? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tennis player Marcos Baghdatis was ranked 8th in the world, was a finalist at the Australian Open, and reached the Wimbledon semi-final, all in 2006. High jumper Kyriakos Ioannou achieved a jump of 2.35 m at the 11th IAAF World Championships in Athletics in Osaka, Japan, in 2007, winning the bronze medal. He has been ranked third in the world. In motorsports, Tio Ellinas is a successful race car driver, currently racing in the GP3 Series for Marussia Manor Motorsport. There is also mixed martial artist Costas Philippou, who competes in the Ultimate Fighting Championship promotion's middleweight division. Costas holds a 6-3 record in UFC bouts, and recently defeated "The Monsoon" Lorenz Larkin with a Knockout in the 1st round. Question: Which Cypriot tennis player ranked 8th in the world? Answer: Marcos Baghdatis Question: How high did Kyriakos Ioannou jump in Osaka in 2007? Answer: 2.35 m Question: What organization does Costas Philippou participate in? Answer: Ultimate Fighting Championship Question: Where does Tio Ellinas race? Answer: GP3 Series for Marussia Manor Motorsport
Context: The traditional buildings of Tuvalu used plants and trees from the native broadleaf forest, including timber from: Pouka, (Hernandia peltata); Ngia or Ingia bush, (Pemphis acidula); Miro, (Thespesia populnea); Tonga, (Rhizophora mucronata); Fau or Fo fafini, or woman's fibre tree (Hibiscus tiliaceus). and fibre from: coconut; Ferra, native fig (Ficus aspem); Fala, screw pine or Pandanus. The buildings were constructed without nails and were lashed and tied together with a plaited sennit rope that was handmade from dried coconut fibre. Question: What were the traditional building materials on Tuvalu? Answer: plants and trees Question: What type of trees provided lumber for building on Tuvalu? Answer: broadleaf forest Question: What building material did coconut provide? Answer: fibre Question: What construction feature was lacking in Tuvaluan building? Answer: nails Question: From what was rope made for tying buildings together? Answer: dried coconut fibre
Context: The earliest known document in Galician-Portuguese dates from 1228. The Foro do bo burgo do Castro Caldelas was granted by Alfonso IX of León to the town of Burgo, in Castro Caldelas, after the model of the constitutions of the town of Allariz. A distinct Galician Literature emerged during the Middle Ages: In the 13th century important contributions were made to the romance canon in Galician-Portuguese, the most notable those by the troubadour Martín Codax, the priest Airas Nunes, King Denis of Portugal and King Alfonso X of Castile, Alfonso O Sabio ("Alfonso the Wise"), the same monarch who began the process of establishing the hegemony of Castilian. During this period, Galician-Portuguese was considered the language of love poetry in the Iberian Romance linguistic culture. The names and memories of Codax and other popular cultural figures are well preserved in modern Galicia and, despite the long period of Castilian linguistic domination, these names are again household words. Question: The earliest Galician-Portuguese documents date back to which year? Answer: 1228 Question: During what era did Galician literature emerge? Answer: Middle Ages
Context: As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km (810 mi) highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan's ports. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. And in 2012, the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil, gas, and water pipelines to connect the three countries. Question: What are the majority of transportation options? Answer: via roads, air, and rail. Question: What countries had Tajikistan been working with to use ports? Answer: Iran and Pakistan Question: What countries did Tajikistan agree with to build a highway and a rail way? Answer: Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan Question: What year was the agreement signed? Answer: 2012 Question: As a country located on the ocean, Tajikistan has no what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In ancient years, Tajikistan pursued agreements with whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Ireland signed an agreement to do what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The majority of transportation in Tajikistan is via roads, ship and what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 2019, an agreement was made between what three countries? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In response to these hardware flaws, "Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers" sprang up across the U.S. According to Nintendo, the authorization program was designed to ensure that the machines were properly repaired. Nintendo would ship the necessary replacement parts only to shops that had enrolled in the authorization program. In practice, the authorization process consisted of nothing more than paying a fee to Nintendo for the privilege. In a recent trend, many sites have sprung up to offer Nintendo repair parts, guides, and services that replace those formerly offered by the authorized repair centers. Question: To address the shoddy hardware, what popped up across the United States? Answer: Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers Question: What did the repair centers promise? Answer: ensure that the machines were properly repaired Question: What was done to have the privilege of working on an NES for repair? Answer: paying a fee Question: To address the shoddy hardware, what popped up across the UK? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the repair centers not promise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was done to have the privilege of working on an SNES for repair? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early versions of the organ, fiddle (or vielle), and trombone (called the sackbut) existed. Medieval instruments in Europe had most commonly been used singly, often self accompanied with a drone note, or occasionally in parts. From at least as early as the 13th century through the 15th century there was a division of instruments into haut (loud, shrill, outdoor instruments) and bas (quieter, more intimate instruments). Question: What was the medieval flute made from? Answer: wood Question: What was an early version of the fiddle called? Answer: vielle Question: What was an early version of the trombone called? Answer: sackbut Question: Medieval instrument in Europe were commonly used how? Answer: singly Question: Loud, shrill, and outdoor instruments were referred to as 'haut', while quieter, more intimate instruments were referred to as what? Answer: bas
Context: The cult centers of Apollo in Greece, Delphi and Delos, date from the 8th century BCE. The Delos sanctuary was primarily dedicated to Artemis, Apollo's twin sister. At Delphi, Apollo was venerated as the slayer of Pytho. For the Greeks, Apollo was all the Gods in one and through the centuries he acquired different functions which could originate from different gods. In archaic Greece he was the prophet, the oracular god who in older times was connected with "healing". In classical Greece he was the god of light and of music, but in popular religion he had a strong function to keep away evil. Walter Burkert discerned three components in the prehistory of Apollo worship, which he termed "a Dorian-northwest Greek component, a Cretan-Minoan component, and a Syro-Hittite component." Question: Who was Apollo's twin sister? Answer: Artemis Question: To whom was the Delos sanctuary dedicated? Answer: Artemis Question: Who discerned three components in the prehistory of Apollo worship? Answer: Walter Burkert
Context: Glacial bodies larger than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi) are called ice sheets or continental glaciers. Several kilometers deep, they obscure the underlying topography. Only nunataks protrude from their surfaces. The only extant ice sheets are the two that cover most of Antarctica and Greenland. They contain vast quantities of fresh water, enough that if both melted, global sea levels would rise by over 70 m (230 ft). Portions of an ice sheet or cap that extend into water are called ice shelves; they tend to be thin with limited slopes and reduced velocities. Narrow, fast-moving sections of an ice sheet are called ice streams. In Antarctica, many ice streams drain into large ice shelves. Some drain directly into the sea, often with an ice tongue, like Mertz Glacier. Question: At what dimensions are glaciers called ice sheets or continental glaciers? Answer: 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi) Question: How many extant ice sheets exist? Answer: two Question: How much would global sea levels rise if Greenland and Antartica's glaciers were to melt? Answer: 70 m (230 ft) Question: What is the term for ice that protrude's from a glacier's surface? Answer: nunataks Question: Narrow, fast-moving pathways on an ice sheet are called what? Answer: ice streams Question: What are glaciers smaller it in 50,000 km² called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can often be seen beneath the sheets? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where a sheets now extinct? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are ice sheets that cover the sea called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What you shelves become is a melt? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The core regions of the Alpine orogenic belt have been folded and fractured in such a manner that erosion created the characteristic steep vertical peaks of the Swiss Alps that rise seemingly straight out of the foreland areas. Peaks such as Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and high peaks in the Pennine Alps, the Briançonnais, and Hohe Tauern consist of layers of rock from the various orogenies including exposures of basement rock. Question: What happened to the Alpine orogenic belt that gave it the steep vertical peak? Answer: folded and fractured Question: Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and peaks in the Pennine Alps cosist of what? Answer: layers of rock from the various orogenies Question: What are the common characteristics of the Alpine Orogenic Belt? Answer: steep vertical peaks
Context: In July of 2015, a hacker group known as "The Impact Team" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped emails from the company's CEO, to prove their point, and threatened to dump customer data unless the website was taken down permanently. With this initial data release, the group stated “Avid Life Media has been instructed to take Ashley Madison and Established Men offline permanently in all forms, or we will release all customer records, including profiles with all the customers' secret sexual fantasies and matching credit card transactions, real names and addresses, and employee documents and emails. The other websites may stay online.” When Avid Life Media, the parent company that created the Ashley Madison website, did not take the site offline, The Impact Group released two more compressed files, one 9.7GB and the second 20GB. After the second data dump, Avid Life Media CEO Noel Biderman resigned, but the website remained functional. Question: When did The Impact Team successfully breach Ashley Madison? Answer: July of 2015 Question: What is the name of the parent company that created Ashley Madison? Answer: Avid Life Media Question: When did the Avid Life Media CEO resign? Answer: After the second data dump Question: What was in the first data dump? Answer: emails from the company's CEO Question: What website, in addition to Ashley Madison, was Avid Media instructed to take offline? Answer: Established Men Question: Why was the website to be removed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did the site remain functional after the data breach? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the response from people using the service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Was the Goal of the Impact Team carried out? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Were other sites compromised in addition to Ashley Madison? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the CEO of Ashley Madison? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Ashley Madison taken down? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Established Man taken offline? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How large was the data dump of the CEO's emails? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why was the customer data dumped first? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Zinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA. Each of the nine or ten Zn2+ ions in a zinc finger helps maintain the finger's structure by coordinately binding to four amino acids in the transcription factor. The transcription factor wraps around the DNA helix and uses its fingers to accurately bind to the DNA sequence. Question: What role does zinc play in fingers, twists and clusters? Answer: structural Question: What are proteins that druing replication and transcription of DNA, recognize base DNA? Answer: transcription factors, Question: How many amino acids do the Zn2+ ions bind to? Answer: four Question: What does the transcription factor wrap around? Answer: DNA helix Question: What role does zinc play in fingers, hands and clusters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What proteins during replication and transcription of DNA forget base DNA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many amino acids do the Zn2+ ions repel from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the transcription factor remain vertical with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There are many important organozinc compounds. Organozinc chemistry is the science of organozinc compounds describing their physical properties, synthesis and reactions. Among important applications is the Frankland-Duppa Reaction in which an oxalate ester(ROCOCOOR) reacts with an alkyl halide R'X, zinc and hydrochloric acid to the α-hydroxycarboxylic esters RR'COHCOOR, the Reformatskii reaction which converts α-halo-esters and aldehydes to β-hydroxy-esters, the Simmons–Smith reaction in which the carbenoid (iodomethyl)zinc iodide reacts with alkene(or alkyne) and converts them to cyclopropane, the Addition reaction of organozinc compounds to carbonyl compounds. The Barbier reaction (1899) is the zinc equivalent of the magnesium Grignard reaction and is better of the two. In presence of just about any water the formation of the organomagnesium halide will fail, whereas the Barbier reaction can even take place in water. On the downside organozincs are much less nucleophilic than Grignards, are expensive and difficult to handle. Commercially available diorganozinc compounds are dimethylzinc, diethylzinc and diphenylzinc. In one study the active organozinc compound is obtained from much cheaper organobromine precursors: Question: What does organozinc chemisty describe? Answer: physical properties, synthesis and reactions. Question: What is the zinc equivalent of the Grinard reaction? Answer: The Barbier reaction Question: When will organomagnesium halide formation fail? Answer: presence of just about any water Question: What are dimethylzinc, dietylzinc and diphenylzinc? Answer: Commercially available diorganozinc compounds Question: What does organozinc chemistry conceal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the glass equivalent of the Grinard reaction? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When will organomagnesium halide formation become permanent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are dimethylzinc, dietylzinc and diphenylzinc no longer allowed as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to a high temperature, by passing an electric current through it, until it glows with visible light (incandescence). The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated. In a halogen lamp, filament evaporation is prevented by a chemical process that redeposits metal vapor onto the filament, extending its life. The light bulb is supplied with electric current by feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass. Most bulbs are used in a socket which provides mechanical support and electrical connections. Question: What type of energy makes an incandescent light bulb glow? Answer: electric current Question: Which part of the incandescent light bulb is heated? Answer: wire filament Question: What part of a halogen light bulb supplies electric current? Answer: feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass Question: What provides the electricity to most light bulbs? Answer: a socket Question: Which type of light bulb uses inert gas? Answer: incandescent light bulb Question: What type of light has a wire filament heated to a low temperature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does not have electric current running through a wire filament? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What part of a halogen light bulb does not supply electric current? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does not provide electricity to most light bulbs? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: It is generally considered that the Pacific War began on 7/8 December 1941, on which date Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. Some historians contend that the conflict in Asia can be dated back to 7 July 1937 with the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China, or possibly 19 September 1931, beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself started in early December 1941, with the Sino-Japanese War then becoming part of it as a theater of the greater World War II.[nb 9] Question: When do most people believe the Pacific War began? Answer: early December 1941 Question: On what date did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? Answer: 7/8 December 1941 Question: When did the Second Sino-Japanese War begin? Answer: 7 July 1937 Question: Which countries did the Second Sino-Japanese War encompass? Answer: Empire of Japan and the Republic of China Question: Has Japan ever attacked Thailand? Answer: Japan invaded Thailand Question: What is the generally accepted date the Pacific War started? Answer: 7/8 December 1941 Question: When did Japan invade Manchuria? Answer: 19 September 1931 Question: What nation initiated hostilities? Answer: Japan Question: What was the Pacific War theater part of after December 1941? Answer: World War II Question: When did Japan invade China? Answer: 7 July 1937
Context: Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe. The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day. Question: Euro1080 was a division of what former company? Answer: Alfacam Question: What "chicken or the egg" stalemate prompted Euro1080 to broadcast HDTV channels? Answer: "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." Question: What was Euro1080 hoping to kick-start by broadcasting HDTV channels? Answer: HDTV interest in Europe Question: How much did viewers have to pay for the HD1 channel? Answer: free-to-air Question: What was on HD1 for 4 or 5 hours per day? Answer: a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule Question: Euro180 was a division of what former company? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What "chicken or the egg" stalemate prompted Asia1080 to broadcast HDTV channels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Euro1080 hoping to kick-start by broadcasting SDTV channels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did viewers have to pay for the SD1 channel? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was on SD1 for 4 or 5 hours per day? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The simplest type of MP3 file uses one bit rate for the entire file: this is known as Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding. Using a constant bit rate makes encoding simpler and faster. However, it is also possible to create files where the bit rate changes throughout the file. These are known as Variable Bit Rate (VBR) files. The idea behind this is that, in any piece of audio, some parts will be much easier to compress, such as silence or music containing only a few instruments, while others will be more difficult to compress. So, the overall quality of the file may be increased by using a lower bit rate for the less complex passages and a higher one for the more complex parts. With some encoders, it is possible to specify a given quality, and the encoder will vary the bit rate accordingly. Users who know a particular "quality setting" that is transparent to their ears can use this value when encoding all of their music, and generally speaking not need to worry about performing personal listening tests on each piece of music to determine the correct bit rate. Question: How many bit rates does the simplest type of MP3 file use? Answer: one Question: What does CBR stand for? Answer: Constant Bit Rate Question: What does VBR stand for? Answer: Variable Bit Rate Question: Aside from silence, which sections of music highlight parts that are easier to compress? Answer: music containing only a few instruments Question: What value do users need to know when encoding their music to help avoid them having to do tests on each piece of music? Answer: quality setting
Context: Historical definitions of Jewish identity have traditionally been based on halakhic definitions of matrilineal descent, and halakhic conversions. Historical definitions of who is a Jew date back to the codification of the Oral Torah into the Babylonian Talmud, around 200 CE. Interpretations of sections of the Tanakh, such as Deuteronomy 7:1–5, by Jewish sages, are used as a warning against intermarriage between Jews and Canaanites because "[the non-Jewish husband] will cause your child to turn away from Me and they will worship the gods (i.e., idols) of others." Leviticus 24:10 says that the son in a marriage between a Hebrew woman and an Egyptian man is "of the community of Israel." This is complemented by Ezra 10:2–3, where Israelites returning from Babylon vow to put aside their gentile wives and their children. Since the anti-religious Haskalah movement of the late 18th and 19th centuries, halakhic interpretations of Jewish identity have been challenged. Question: What have historical definitions of Jewish identity been based on? Answer: halakhic definitions of matrilineal descent, and halakhic conversions Question: Historical definitions of who a Jew is dates back to what year? Answer: 200 CE Question: What is used as a warning against intermarriage between Jews and Canaanites? Answer: Jewish sages Question: What have historical definitions of Jewish identity never been based on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Babylonian Talmud codified into the Oral Torah? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What section of the Tanakh encouraged intermarriage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What movement in the 18th and 19th centuries was pro religious? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What interpretations of Jewish identity have never been challenged? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The initial military maneuvers began in September 1806. In a notable letter to Marshal Soult detailing the plan for the campaign, Napoleon described the essential features of Napoleonic warfare and introduced the phrase le bataillon-carré ('square battalion'). In the bataillon-carré system, the various corps of the Grande Armée would march uniformly together in close supporting distance. If any single corps was attacked, the others could quickly spring into action and arrive to help. Napoleon invaded Prussia with 180,000 troops, rapidly marching on the right bank of the River Saale. As in previous campaigns, his fundamental objective was to destroy one opponent before reinforcements from another could tip the balance of the war. Upon learning the whereabouts of the Prussian army, the French swung westwards and crossed the Saale with overwhelming force. At the twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt, fought on 14 October, the French convincingly defeated the Prussians and inflicted heavy casualties. With several major commanders dead or incapacitated, the Prussian king proved incapable of effectively commanding the army, which began to quickly disintegrate. In a vaunted pursuit that epitomized the "peak of Napoleonic warfare," according to historian Richard Brooks, the French managed to capture 140,000 soldiers, over 2,000 cannons and hundreds of ammunition wagons, all in a single month. Historian David Chandler wrote of the Prussian forces: "Never has the morale of any army been more completely shattered." Despite their overwhelming defeat, the Prussians refused to negotiate with the French until the Russians had an opportunity to enter the fight. Question: How many troops did Napoleon use for the invasion of Prussia? Answer: 180,000 Question: What river did the French cross to engage the Prussian army? Answer: the Saale Question: To whom did Napoleon send a letter detailing his plans for the campaign with Prussia? Answer: Marshal Soult Question: On what date were the battles of Jena and Auerstedt fought? Answer: 14 October Question: How many Prussian soldiers were captured at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt? Answer: 140,000
Context: When people say that the genome of a sexually reproducing species has been "sequenced", typically they are referring to a determination of the sequences of one set of autosomes and one of each type of sex chromosome, which together represent both of the possible sexes. Even in species that exist in only one sex, what is described as a "genome sequence" may be a composite read from the chromosomes of various individuals. Colloquially, the phrase "genetic makeup" is sometimes used to signify the genome of a particular individual or organism.[citation needed] The study of the global properties of genomes of related organisms is usually referred to as genomics, which distinguishes it from genetics which generally studies the properties of single genes or groups of genes. Question: What is the science that deals with the common genetic characteristics of related organisms called? Answer: genomics Question: In contrast to genomics, genetics usually studies what? Answer: single genes or groups of genes Question: What is the catalog of contents of a particular species' genetic makeup? Answer: sequenced Question: In both sexes of a species what may a properties of genes be? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term is used to show how the sex chromosomes of a species are found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is known as the study of autosomes of related organisms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is known as the study of the properties of single or groups of sex chromosomes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are people referring to when they say species exist in one sex? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state, and more soldiers for the Union Army than any other Southern state. Beginning during Reconstruction, it had competitive party politics, but a Democratic takeover in the late 1880s resulted in passage of disfranchisement laws that excluded most blacks and many poor whites from voting. This sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century. In the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy, aided by massive federal investment in the Tennessee Valley Authority and, in the early 1940s, the city of Oak Ridge. This city was established to house the Manhattan Project's uranium enrichment facilities, helping to build the world's first atomic bomb, which was used during World War II. Question: Which part dominated Tennessee's politics in the late 1880s? Answer: Democratic Question: Which Tennessee city was received significant federal investment in the 1940s? Answer: Oak Ridge Question: What part of the Manhattan Project did Tennessee host? Answer: uranium enrichment facilities Question: What made Tennessee politics more competitive again in the middle of the 20th century? Answer: civil rights legislation
Context: Compact Disc + Graphics is a special audio compact disc that contains graphics data in addition to the audio data on the disc. The disc can be played on a regular audio CD player, but when played on a special CD+G player, it can output a graphics signal (typically, the CD+G player is hooked up to a television set or a computer monitor); these graphics are almost exclusively used to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke performers to sing along with. The CD+G format takes advantage of the channels R through W. These six bits store the graphics information. Question: What is the primary use of Compact Disc + Graphics? Answer: to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke Question: How is graphics information read from a CD+ Graphics? Answer: television set or a computer monitor Question: Which channels does the CD+G use to hold graphics data? Answer: channels R through W Question: Why can a CD+G not play on an audio CD player? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many bits does a normal CD use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are CD-G players not useful for karaoke? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What channels does a normal CD use? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Paris is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. Paris played host to the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics, the 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, and the 2007 Rugby World Cup. Every July, the Tour de France of cycling finishes in the city. Question: What is the name of the football club in Paris? Answer: Paris Saint-Germain Question: What is the name of the rugby union in Paris? Answer: Stade Français Question: How many seats are in Stade de France? Answer: 80,000 Question: In what year did Paris host the World Cup? Answer: 2007 Question: In what month is the Tour de France? Answer: July
Context: Forms of lighting include alcove lighting, which like most other uplighting is indirect. This is often done with fluorescent lighting (first available at the 1939 World's Fair) or rope light, occasionally with neon lighting, and recently with LED strip lighting. It is a form of backlighting. Question: When was fluorescent lighting first available? Answer: 1939
Context: Normal functioning of the kidney, brain, liver, heart, and other systems can be affected by uranium exposure, because, besides being weakly radioactive, uranium is a toxic metal. Uranium is also a reproductive toxicant. Radiological effects are generally local because alpha radiation, the primary form of 238U decay, has a very short range, and will not penetrate skin. Uranyl (UO2+ 2) ions, such as from uranium trioxide or uranyl nitrate and other hexavalent uranium compounds, have been shown to cause birth defects and immune system damage in laboratory animals. While the CDC has published one study that no human cancer has been seen as a result of exposure to natural or depleted uranium, exposure to uranium and its decay products, especially radon, are widely known and significant health threats. Exposure to strontium-90, iodine-131, and other fission products is unrelated to uranium exposure, but may result from medical procedures or exposure to spent reactor fuel or fallout from nuclear weapons. Although accidental inhalation exposure to a high concentration of uranium hexafluoride has resulted in human fatalities, those deaths were associated with the generation of highly toxic hydrofluoric acid and uranyl fluoride rather than with uranium itself. Finely divided uranium metal presents a fire hazard because uranium is pyrophoric; small grains will ignite spontaneously in air at room temperature. Question: Along with the heart, brain and liver, what system is notably affected by exposure to uranium? Answer: kidney Question: What is the main form of 238U decay? Answer: alpha radiation Question: What type of uranium compounds are uranium trioxide and uranyl nitrate? Answer: hexavalent Question: At what temperature will grains of uranium metal spontaneously ignite in air? Answer: room Question: Along with the heart, brain and liver, what system is notably unaffected by exposure to uranium? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the main form of 239U decay? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of uranium compounds are uranium dioxide and uranyl nitrate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At what temperature will grains of plutonium metal spontaneously ignite in air? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.) In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources has established several new marine preserves where fish populations are monitored by biologists. Before adopting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, portions of Tumon Bay were dredged by the hotel chains to provide a better experience for hotel guests. Tumon Bay has since been made into a preserve. A federal Guam National Wildlife Refuge in northern Guam protects the decimated sea turtle population in addition to a small colony of Mariana fruit bats. Question: What has Guam recently being trying to protect? Answer: coral reef habitats Question: What has led to the decrease of fish near Guam? Answer: pollution, eroded silt and overfishing Question: What is the name of the flying mammal in Guam that some are concerned for? Answer: Mariana fruit bats Question: Who made Tumon Bay into a preserve? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the #1 cause of decreased fish populations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Guam National Wildlife Refuge is near which tourist area? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What most endangered the Mariana fruit bats? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What most endangered the sea turtle population? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Unwilling to accept and license Columbia's system, in February 1949 RCA Victor, in cooperation of its parent, the Radio Corporation of America, released the first 45 rpm single, 7 inches in diameter with a large center hole. The 45 rpm player included a changing mechanism that allowed multiple disks to be stacked, much as a conventional changer handled 78s. The short playing time of a single 45 rpm side meant that long works, such as symphonies, had to be released on multiple 45s instead of a single LP, but RCA claimed that the new high-speed changer rendered side breaks so brief as to be inaudible or inconsequential. Early 45 rpm records were made from either vinyl or polystyrene. They had a playing time of eight minutes. Question: What did RCA release to complete against Columbia's LP? Answer: The 45 rpm player Question: What materials were 45 rpm records made of? Answer: vinyl or polystyrene Question: What was the play time of a 45 rpm Answer: eight minutes Question: What was the size of a RCA Victor 45 rpm? Answer: 7 inches
Context: When used as a count noun "a culture", is the set of customs, traditions and values of a society or community, such as an ethnic group or nation. In this sense, multiculturalism is a concept that values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same territory. Sometimes "culture" is also used to describe specific practices within a subgroup of a society, a subculture (e.g. "bro culture"), or a counter culture. Within cultural anthropology, the ideology and analytical stance of cultural relativism holds that cultures cannot easily be objectively ranked or evaluated because any evaluation is necessarily situated within the value system of a given culture. Question: What does the term "Count Noun" mean? Answer: a culture Question: What cultural traits fall under the term count noun? Answer: customs, traditions and values of a society or community Question: What falls within the term "cultural anthropology"? Answer: the ideology and analytical stance of cultural relativism Question: What can never be used as a count noun? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a concept that values an angry coexistence and mutual disrespect between different cultures inhabiting the same territory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term is no longer used to describe specific practices within a subgroup of a society? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What perspective holds that cultures can be easily ranked and evaluated? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Starting in the coal mines, by the mid-19th century elevators were operated with steam power and were used for moving goods in bulk in mines and factories. These steam driven devices were soon being applied to a diverse set of purposes - in 1823, two architects working in London, Burton and Hormer, built and operated a novel tourist attraction, which they called the "ascending room". It elevated paying customers to a considerable height in the center of London, allowing them a magnificent panoramic view of downtown. Question: For which industry were elevators first used? Answer: coal mines Question: In the mid 1800s what were elevators fueled by? Answer: steam power Question: What were elevators originally built for? Answer: moving goods in bulk in mines and factories Question: Who built the "ascending room", in 1823? Answer: Burton and Hormer Question: The "ascending room" gave customers a view of what city's downtown? Answer: London
Context: Red hair varies from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper. It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The term redhead (originally redd hede) has been in use since at least 1510. Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered. (See red hair). Question: What pigment accounts for the majority of color in red hair? Answer: pheomelanin Question: There is another part of the face which gets its red color from the pigment pheomelanin, what is it? Answer: the lips Question: Aside from pheomelanin what color pigment contributes to red hair? Answer: eumelanin Question: In what year can the earliest used of redhead be traced to? Answer: 1510 Question: What type of temper are people with red hair considered to have? Answer: fiery Question: How does copper hair vary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Copper color is characterized by what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was hede redd the original term for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has been in use since 1015? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Once a neuron is in place, it extends dendrites and an axon into the area around it. Axons, because they commonly extend a great distance from the cell body and need to reach specific targets, grow in a particularly complex way. The tip of a growing axon consists of a blob of protoplasm called a growth cone, studded with chemical receptors. These receptors sense the local environment, causing the growth cone to be attracted or repelled by various cellular elements, and thus to be pulled in a particular direction at each point along its path. The result of this pathfinding process is that the growth cone navigates through the brain until it reaches its destination area, where other chemical cues cause it to begin generating synapses. Considering the entire brain, thousands of genes create products that influence axonal pathfinding. Question: A growth cone of an axon is made up of a blob of what? Answer: protoplasm Question: What two structures does a neuron extend when it is in place during development? Answer: dendrites and an axon
Context: The two finalists were Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, both of whom had previously landed in the bottom three at the top five. Allen won the contest in the most controversial voting result since season two. It was claimed, later retracted, that 38 million of the 100 million votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state of Arkansas alone, and that AT&T employees unfairly influenced the votes by giving lessons on power-texting at viewing parties in Arkansas. Question: Who were the final two contestants on season eight of American Idol? Answer: Kris Allen and Adam Lambert Question: Who won season eight of American Idol? Answer: Kris Allen Question: What state is American Idol winner Kris Allen from? Answer: Arkansas Question: How many votes were cast in the American Idol finale in season eight? Answer: 100 million Question: Who won the season? Answer: Kris Allen Question: The only prior season to have matching controversy over the winner was? Answer: season two Question: How many votes were cast for the final two? Answer: 100 million Question: Who was accused of teaching the public how to power text for the winner? Answer: AT&T employees
Context: In the Low Middle Ages, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th–14th centuries), and the Valencian school of poetry culminating in Ausiàs March (1397–1459). By the 15th century, the city of Valencia had become the sociocultural center of the Crown of Aragon, and Catalan was present all over the Mediterranean world. During this period, the Royal Chancery propagated a highly standardized language. Catalan was widely used as an official language in Sicily until the 15th century, and in Sardinia until the 17th. During this period, the language was what Costa Carreras terms "one of the 'great languages' of medieval Europe". Question: When was the golden age of Catalan? Answer: Low Middle Ages Question: Where was the center of the Crown of Aragon? Answer: city of Valencia Question: What was the official language of Sicily until the 15th century? Answer: Catalan Question: Until what century was Catalan used as the official language in Sardinia? Answer: 17th Question: Who called Catalan one of the great languages? Answer: Costa Carreras
Context: Airborne Interception radar (AI) was unreliable. The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting. Bombers were flown with airborne search lights out of desperation[citation needed], but to little avail. Of greater potential was the GL (Gunlaying) radar and searchlights with fighter direction from RAF fighter control rooms to begin a GCI system (Ground Control-led Interception) under Group-level control (No. 10 Group RAF, No. 11 Group RAF and No. 12 Group RAF). Question: What was considered unreliable? Answer: Airborne Interception radar Question: What used most of Fighter Command's resources? Answer: the Battle of Britain Question: The bombers used what out of desperation? Answer: airborne search lights Question: Gunlaying radar and RAF controls combined to create what system? Answer: Ground Control-led Interception
Context: The city went through serious troubles in the mid-fourteenth century. On the one hand were the decimation of the population by the Black Death of 1348 and subsequent years of epidemics — and on the other, the series of wars and riots that followed. Among these were the War of the Union, a citizen revolt against the excesses of the monarchy, led by Valencia as the capital of the kingdom — and the war with Castile, which forced the hurried raising of a new wall to resist Castilian attacks in 1363 and 1364. In these years the coexistence of the three communities that occupied the city—Christian, Jewish and Muslim — was quite contentious. The Jews who occupied the area around the waterfront had progressed economically and socially, and their quarter gradually expanded its boundaries at the expense of neighbouring parishes. Meanwhile, Muslims who remained in the city after the conquest were entrenched in a Moorish neighbourhood next to the present-day market Mosen Sorel. In 1391 an uncontrolled mob attacked the Jewish quarter, causing its virtual disappearance and leading to the forced conversion of its surviving members to Christianity. The Muslim quarter was attacked during a similar tumult among the populace in 1456, but the consequences were minor. Question: When did Valencia suffer from the Black Death? Answer: 1348 Question: Which three religious groups lived in Valencia? Answer: Christian, Jewish and Muslim Question: The Muslims lived near what current market? Answer: Mosen Sorel Question: When was the Jewish section attacked? Answer: 1391 Question: When was the Muslim section attacked? Answer: 1456
Context: The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city, and Democrats currently (as of 2015[update]) hold a 5-4 majority in the city council. The current mayor, Kevin Faulconer, is a Republican. Question: Who votes in the city's attorney and mayor? Answer: voters of the entire city Question: How long is the term for council members? Answer: four-year terms, Question: Were there more Democrats or Republicans in 2007? Answer: Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 Question: Who is Kevin Faulconer? Answer: current mayor Question: Who elects members of city council? Answer: single member districts within the city Question: Who votes in the city's attorney and general? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long is the term for security members? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Were there more Democrats or Republicans in 2017? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who isn't Kevin Faulconer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who fires members of city council? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The new peace would only last for two years; war recommenced in the aftermath of John's decision in August 1200 to marry Isabella of Angoulême. In order to remarry, John first needed to abandon Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, his first wife; John accomplished this by arguing that he had failed to get the necessary papal permission to marry Isabel in the first place – as a cousin, John could not have legally wed her without this. It remains unclear why John chose to marry Isabella of Angoulême. Contemporary chroniclers argued that John had fallen deeply in love with Isabella, and John may have been motivated by desire for an apparently beautiful, if rather young, girl. On the other hand, the Angoumois lands that came with Isabella were strategically vital to John: by marrying Isabella, John was acquiring a key land route between Poitou and Gascony, which significantly strengthened his grip on Aquitaine.[nb 5] Question: How long did the new peace last? Answer: two years Question: When was John's decision to marry Isabella? Answer: August 1200 Question: John acquired key land between Poitou and where? Answer: Gascony
Context: The sensors are primarily single cells that detect light, chemicals, pressure waves and contact, and are present on the head, appendages (if any) and other parts of the body. Nuchal ("on the neck") organs are paired, ciliated structures found only in polychaetes, and are thought to be chemosensors. Some polychaetes also have various combinations of ocelli ("little eyes") that detect the direction from which light is coming and camera eyes or compound eyes that can probably form images. The compound eyes probably evolved independently of arthropods' eyes. Some tube-worms use ocelli widely spread over their bodies to detect the shadows of fish, so that they can quickly withdraw into their tubes. Some burrowing and tube-dwelling polychaetes have statocysts (tilt and balance sensors) that tell them which way is down. A few polychaete genera have on the undersides of their heads palps that are used both in feeding and as "feelers", and some of these also have antennae that are structurally similar but probably are used mainly as "feelers". Question: What kind of things can annelids' sensors detect? Answer: light, chemicals, pressure waves and contact Question: What does 'nuchal' mean? Answer: on the neck Question: What type of annelids have nuchal organs? Answer: polychaetes Question: What are the nuchal organs thought to do? Answer: chemosensors Question: What term means 'little eyes'? Answer: ocelli Question: What kind of things can annelids' sensors remove? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of annelids have human organs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are nuchal organs thought to kill? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term means 'massive eyes'? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence, the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century, it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic. Question: When did the Roman Republic begin? Answer: 509 BC Question: When did the Roman Republic end? Answer: 27 BC Question: What marked the beginning of the Roman Republic? Answer: the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom Question: When was Cleopatra defeated at the Battle of Actium? Answer: 31 BC Question: What do most consider to be the event that ended the Roman Republic? Answer: Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian
Context: Scientists associated with BYU have created some notable inventions. Philo T. Farnsworth, inventor of the electronic television, received his education at BYU, and later returned to do fusion research, receiving an honorary degree from the university. Harvey Fletcher, also an alumnus of BYU, inventor of stereophonic sound, went on to carry out the now famous oil-drop experiment with Robert Millikan, and was later Founding Dean of the BYU College of Engineering. H. Tracy Hall, inventor of the man-made diamond, left General Electric in 1955 and became a full professor of chemistry and Director of Research at BYU. While there, he invented a new type of diamond press, the tetrahedral press. In student achievements, BYU Ad Lab teams won both the 2007 and 2008 L'Oréal National Brandstorm Competition, and students developed the Magnetic Lasso algorithm found in Adobe Photoshop. In prestigious scholarships, BYU has produced 10 Rhodes Scholars, four Gates Scholars in the last six years, and in the last decade has claimed 41 Fulbright scholars and 3 Jack Kent Cooke scholars. Question: Which BYU college was founded by former alumnus Harvey Fletcher? Answer: College of Engineering Question: What did alumnus Philo T. Farnsworth invent before receiving his honorary degree from the college? Answer: the electronic television Question: Which notable former BYU student invented the man-made diamond? Answer: Tracy Hall Question: What did former student Tracy Hall invent as a BYU professor of chemistry and Director of Research? Answer: a new type of diamond press, the tetrahedral press Question: Which BYU student produced algorithm is found in Adobe Photoshop? Answer: Magnetic Lasso Question: What did Philo T. Fletcher invent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Harvey Farnsworth invent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Harvey Farnsworth carry out the oil-drop experiment with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Tracy H. Hall invent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of press did Tracy H. Hall invent? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Generally, post-punk music is defined as music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s, although many groups now categorized as post-punk were initially subsumed under the broad umbrella of punk or new wave music, only becoming differentiated as the terms came to signify more narrow styles. Additionally, the accuracy of the term's chronological prefix "post" has been disputed, as various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement. Reynolds defined the post-punk era as occurring loosely between 1978 and 1984. Question: What is post-punk? Answer: music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s Question: What else was music incorrectly catagorized into before post-punk? Answer: new wave music Question: Why is the term post-punk sometimes disputed? Answer: various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement Question: What is the acctepted era of post-punk? Answer: between 1978 and 1984 Question: What previous movement is post-punk often identified as coming after? Answer: punk rock Question: What were many groups now labeled as post-punk initially categorized as? Answer: punk or new wave music Question: Why has the prefix 'post' caused a bit of dispute as it relates to various post-punk groups? Answer: predate the punk rock movement Question: Who has defined a period of when the post-punk era was? Answer: Reynolds Question: Between what years did Reynolds identify the post-punk era as existing? Answer: 1978 and 1984 Question: What do various groups say predated post punk? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Between what years did the punk movement occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were groups categorized as post-punk later changed to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said the post punk era occurred in the 80s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is post-punk not defined as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What else was music correctly catagorized into before post-punk? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which years was the punk era between? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which prefix was never disputed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Statehood for Alaska was an important cause of James Wickersham early in his tenure as a congressional delegate. Decades later, the statehood movement gained its first real momentum following a territorial referendum in 1946. The Alaska Statehood Committee and Alaska's Constitutional Convention would soon follow. Statehood supporters also found themselves fighting major battles against political foes, mostly in the U.S. Congress but also within Alaska. Statehood was approved by Congress on July 7, 1958. Alaska was officially proclaimed a state on January 3, 1959. Question: On what day was Alaskan Statehood finally approved by Congress? Answer: July 7, 1958 Question: On what day was Alaska officially named a state? Answer: January 3, 1959 Question: What cause did James Wickersham focus on in his early Congressional tenure? Answer: Statehood for Alaska Question: In what year did Alaskan Statehood gain momentum following a territorial referendum? Answer: 1946 Question: From which areas did Alaskan supporters face political challenges? Answer: mostly in the U.S. Congress but also within Alaska Question: On what day was Alaskan Statehood finally disapproved by Congress? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what day was Alaska unofficially named a state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What cause did James Wickersham focus on in his later Congressional tenure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Alaskan Statehood lose momentum following a territorial referendum? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner—who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the "parallel" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities: Question: Who was President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank in June 2008? Answer: Timothy Geithner Question: What year did Timothy Geithner become U.S. Treasury Secretary? Answer: 2009 Question: In a June 2008 speech, Timoty Geithner placed blame for credit market freezing on which system? Answer: "parallel" banking system Question: What is the "parallel" banking system also called? Answer: shadow banking system Question: What is the term defined as being vulnerable by borrowing short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term illiquid and risky assets? Answer: maturity mismatch
Context: The Carnival of Malmedy is locally called Cwarmê. Even if Malmedy is located in the east Belgium, near the German-speaking area, the Cwarmê is a pure walloon and Latin carnival. The celebration takes place during 4 days before the Shrove Tuesday. The Cwarmê Sunday is the most important and insteresting to see. All the old traditional costumes parade in the street. The Cwarmê is a "street carnival" and is not only a parade. People who are disguised pass through the crowd and perform a part of the traditional costume they wear. The famous traditional costumes at the Cwarmê of Malmedy are the Haguète, the Longuès-Brèsses and the Long-Né. Question: Whose Carnival is known local as Cwarmê? Answer: Malmedy Question: Despite being located in East Belgium, Malmedy's Carnival harks purely to what area? Answer: Latin Question: How many days does Malmedy's festival take place before Shrove Tuesday? Answer: 4 Question: Where can all the traditional costumes be seen parading on the Sunday of the festival? Answer: in the street Question: What do disguised people pass through during the festival? Answer: the crowd
Context: The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The name for this region, apparently after the Bronx River, first appeared in the Annexed District of the Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County and was continued in the Borough of the Bronx, which included a larger annexation from Westchester County in 1898. The use of the definite article is attributed to the style of referring to rivers. Another explanation for the use of the definite article in the borough's name is that the original form of the name was a possessive or collective one referring to the family, as in visiting The Broncks, The Bronck's or The Broncks'. Question: What is the Bronx's county name? Answer: The County of Bronx Question: What is the Bronx's borough name? Answer: Borough of the Bronx Question: When was the Bronx created? Answer: 1874 Question: What county was the Bronx split off from? Answer: Westchester Question: When was the Bronx added to? Answer: 1898
Context: In 1566, the first police investigator of Rio de Janeiro was recruited. By the 17th century, most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions. On July 9, 1775 a Cavalry Regiment was created in the state of Minas Gerais for maintaining law and order. In 1808, the Portuguese royal family relocated to Brazil, because of the French invasion of Portugal. King João VI established the "Intendência Geral de Polícia" (General Police Intendancy) for investigations. He also created a Royal Police Guard for Rio de Janeiro in 1809. In 1831, after independence, each province started organizing its local "military police", with order maintenance tasks. The Federal Railroad Police was created in 1852. Question: When did Rio get its first police investigator? Answer: 1566 Question: How had the Rio police grown by the 17th century? Answer: most captaincies already had local units with law enforcement functions Question: When did Minas Gerais get a cavalry regiment? Answer: July 9, 1775 Question: Where did the Portuguese royal family move in 1808? Answer: Brazil Question: Who invaded Portugal in 1808? Answer: French Question: When did Rio get its first police inspector? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How had the Rio police grown by the 16th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When didn't Minas Gerais get a cavalry regiment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did the Portuguese royal family move in 1880? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who supported Portugal in 1808? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Witherspoon et al. (2007) have argued that even when individuals can be reliably assigned to specific population groups, it may still be possible for two randomly chosen individuals from different populations/clusters to be more similar to each other than to a randomly chosen member of their own cluster. They found that many thousands of genetic markers had to be used in order for the answer to the question "How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?" to be "never". This assumed three population groups separated by large geographic ranges (European, African and East Asian). The entire world population is much more complex and studying an increasing number of groups would require an increasing number of markers for the same answer. The authors conclude that "caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes." Witherspoon, et al. concluded that, "The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our ﬁnding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population." Question: Randomly chosen people from different groups may be more similar to each other than with members of their own what? Answer: cluster Question: How many genetic markers need to be used to show people from different groups are dissimilar to each other? Answer: thousands Question: Studying increasing number of groups require an increasing number of what? Answer: markers Question: What should be used when using ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes? Answer: caution Question: People are more frequently similar to members of what populations? Answer: other populations
Context: A vertical toolbar known as the charms (accessed by swiping from the right edge of a touchscreen, or pointing the cursor at hotspots in the right corners of a screen) provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button. The traditional desktop environment for running desktop applications is accessed via a tile on the Start screen. The Start button on the taskbar from previous versions of Windows has been converted into a hotspot in the lower-left corner of the screen, which displays a large tooltip displaying a thumbnail of the Start screen. Swiping from the left edge of a touchscreen or clicking in the top-left corner of the screen allows one to switch between apps and Desktop. Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down reveals a thumbnail list of active apps. Aside from the removal of the Start button and the replacement of the Aero Glass theme with a flatter and solid-colored design, the desktop interface on Windows 8 is similar to that of Windows 7. Question: What is charms? Answer: A vertical toolbar Question: What is the purpose of charms? Answer: provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button Question: How is an active list of apps accessed? Answer: Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down Question: What does swiping from the left edge of the screen do? Answer: allows one to switch between apps and Desktop Question: How is the traditional desktop evironment opened? Answer: via a tile on the Start screen Question: What aren't charms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't the purpose of charms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is an inactive list of apps accessed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does swiping from the right edge of the screen do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is the traditional desktop evironment closed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tourism accounts for much of Uruguay's economy. Tourism in Montevideo is centered in the Ciudad Vieja area, which includes the city's oldest buildings, several museums, art galleries, and nightclubs, with Sarandí Street and the Mercado del Puerto being the most frequented venues of the old city. On the edge of Ciudad Vieja, Plaza Independencia is surrounded by many sights, including the Solís Theatre and the Palacio Salvo; the plaza also constitutes one end of 18 de Julio Avenue, the city's most important tourist destination outside of Ciudad Vieja. Apart from being a shopping street, the avenue is noted for its Art Deco buildings, three important public squares, the Gaucho Museum, the Palacio Municipal and many other sights. The avenue leads to the Obelisk of Montevideo; beyond that is Parque Batlle, which along with the Parque Prado is another important tourist destination. Along the coast, the Fortaleza del Cerro, the Rambla (the coastal avenue), 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) of sandy beaches, and Punta Gorda attract many tourists, as do the Barrio Sur and Palermo barrios. Question: What accounts for much of Uruguay's economy? Answer: Tourism Question: Where is tourism in Montevideo centered in? Answer: Ciudad Vieja area Question: Plaza Independencia constitutes one end of what? Answer: 18 de Julio Avenue
Context: Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009. Question: What toxic chemical did Dell set to eliminate from its products? Answer: polyvinyl chloride Question: By what year does Dell plan to remove chemicals from its computers? Answer: 2011 Question: What activists protested at Dell's offices in response to the usage of toxic chemicals? Answer: Greenpeace Question: What year did Dell launch its first products that were free of toxic chemicals? Answer: 2009 Question: What toxic chemical didn't Dell set to eliminate from its products? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What nontoxic chemical did Dell set to eliminate from its products? Answer: Unanswerable Question: By what year does Dell plan to put chemicals in its computers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What activists protested at Dell's offices in response to the usage of nontoxic chemicals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Dell launch its first products that weren't free of toxic chemicals? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic. There are also group routines consisting of 5 gymnasts and 5 apparatuses of their choice. Rhythmic routines are scored out of a possible 30 points; the score for artistry (choreography and music) is averaged with the score for difficulty of the moves and then added to the score for execution. Question: What rules state that only women can compete in rhythmic gymastics? Answer: FIG Question: What does rhythmic gymastics combine together? Answer: ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation Question: What five seperate apparatuses are used in the five separate routines? Answer: ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope Question: Which is more focused on, aesthetics or acrobatics? Answer: aesthetic Question: How many possible points are there for rhythmic routines? Answer: 30 points Question: What rules determine what women are allowed to wear? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What places a greater emphasis on the acrobatic rather than the aesthetic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What items do men use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sport combines elements of jumping, bars, and tumbling? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many points do gymnasts need to get to the second round? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune. The spacecraft's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989. Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit, it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton, regardless of the consequences to the trajectory, similarly to what was done for Voyager 1's encounter with Saturn and its moon Titan. The images relayed back to Earth from Voyager 2 became the basis of a 1989 PBS all-night program, Neptune All Night. Question: What is the only spacecraft to visit Neptune? Answer: Voyager 2 Question: When did a spacecraft get closest to Neptune? Answer: 25 August 1989 Question: What near Neptune did a spacecraft visit dangerously close? Answer: Triton Question: What program aired on PBS about Neptune? Answer: Neptune All Night Question: What is the only spacecraft to never visit Neptune? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did a spacecraft refuse to get close to Neptune? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What near Neptune did a spacecraft land on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What program aired on NBC about Neptune? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aired in 1984? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Island genetics provides one proposed explanation for the sudden, fully developed appearance of flowering plants. Island genetics is believed to be a common source of speciation in general, especially when it comes to radical adaptations that seem to have required inferior transitional forms. Flowering plants may have evolved in an isolated setting like an island or island chain, where the plants bearing them were able to develop a highly specialized relationship with some specific animal (a wasp, for example). Such a relationship, with a hypothetical wasp carrying pollen from one plant to another much the way fig wasps do today, could result in the development of a high degree of specialization in both the plant(s) and their partners. Note that the wasp example is not incidental; bees, which, it is postulated, evolved specifically due to mutualistic plant relationships, are descended from wasps. Question: What is one proposed explanation for the instant appearance of flowering plants? Answer: Island genetics Question: What is island genetics thought to be a default source of? Answer: speciation Question: What did radical adaptations seem to have required? Answer: inferior transitional forms Question: How did an isolated setting like an island help flowering plants evolve? Answer: highly specialized relationship with some specific animal Question: What are bees descended from? Answer: wasps Question: What are transitional forms descended from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an explanation for the sudden appearance of fig wasps? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a relationship between bees and wasps result in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is carrying pollen thought to be a common source of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did flowering plants help transitional forms evolve? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the reign of Khārabēḷa, the Chedi dynasty of Kaḷinga ascended to eminence and restored the lost power and glory of Kaḷinga, which had been subdued since the devastating war with Ashoka. Kaḷingan military might was reinstated by Khārabēḷa: under Khārabēḷa's generalship, the Kaḷinga state had a formidable maritime reach with trade routes linking it to the then-Simhala (Sri Lanka), Burma (Myanmar), Siam (Thailand), Vietnam, Kamboja (Cambodia), Malaysia, Borneo, Bali, Samudra (Sumatra) and Jabadwipa (Java). Khārabēḷa led many successful campaigns against the states of Magadha, Anga, Satavahanas till the southern most regions of Pandyan Empire (modern Tamil Nadu). Question: What Kalingan ruler brought the Chedi dynasty back into power? Answer: Khārabēḷa Question: What power had previously defeated the Kalingans? Answer: Ashoka Question: In what arena was Kalinga a formidable power? Answer: maritime Question: What maritime advantage did the Kalingans have? Answer: trade routes Question: What militaristic leader restored might to the Kalinga empire? Answer: Khārabēḷa
Context: In China, the war is officially called the "War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea" (simplified Chinese: 抗美援朝战争; traditional Chinese: 抗美援朝戰爭; pinyin: Kàngměiyuáncháo zhànzhēng), although the term "Chaoxian (Korean) War" (simplified Chinese: 朝鲜战争; traditional Chinese: 朝鮮戰爭; pinyin: Cháoxiǎn zhànzhēng) is also used in unofficial contexts, along with the term "Korean Conflict" (simplified Chinese: 韩战; traditional Chinese: 韓戰; pinyin: Hán Zhàn) more commonly used in regions such as Hong Kong and Macau. Question: In, China what is the war officially called? Answer: War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea Question: What did Macau and Hong Kong call the Korean War? Answer: Korean Conflict Question: When is the term 'Chaoxian War' used as a name for the Korean War? Answer: unofficial contexts
Context: Spielberg directed 2015's Bridge of Spies, a Cold War thriller based on the 1960 U-2 incident, and focusing on James B. Donovan's negotiations with the Soviets for the release of pilot Gary Powers after his aircraft was shot down over Soviet territory. The film starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, as well as Mark Rylance, Amy Ryan, and Alan Alda, with a script by the Coen brothers. The film was shot from September to December 2014 on location in New York City, Berlin and Wroclaw, Poland (which doubled for East Berlin), and was released by Disney on October 16, 2015. Bridge of Spies received positive reviews from critics, and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Question: When was 'Bridge of Spies' released? Answer: October 16, 2015 Question: How many Oscar nominations did 'Bridge of Spies' get? Answer: six Question: When was 'Bridge of Spies' set? Answer: 1960 Question: Who played Donovan in 'Bridge of Spies'? Answer: Tom Hanks Question: Where was 'Bridge of Spies' filmed? Answer: New York City, Berlin and Wroclaw, Poland Question: Who played Gary Powers in Bridge of Spies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was most of Bridge of Spies shot? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many times has Spielberg won Best Director? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many times has Tom Hanks been nominated for Best Actor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many movies has Tom Hanks been in that have won Best Picture? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Greece is a developed country with an economy based on the service (82.8%) and industrial sectors (13.3%). The agricultural sector contributed 3.9% of national economic output in 2015. Important Greek industries include tourism and shipping. With 18 million international tourists in 2013, Greece was the 7th most visited country in the European Union and 16th in the world. The Greek Merchant Navy is the largest in the world, with Greek-owned vessels accounting for 15% of global deadweight tonnage as of 2013. The increased demand for international maritime transportation between Greece and Asia has resulted in unprecedented investment in the shipping industry. Question: What type of country is Greece? Answer: developed Question: What percentage of Greece's economy is based on service? Answer: 82.8% Question: How much of Greece's economy is comprised of industrial sectors? Answer: 13.3% Question: How much of the national economic output did the agricultural sector of Greece contribute in 2015? Answer: 3.9% Question: How many international tourists visited Greece in 2013? Answer: 18 million Question: What type of continent is Greece? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Greece's economy is taken from service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of Greece's debt is comprised of industrial sectors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of the national economic output did the agricultural sector of Greece eliminate in 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many international tourists were imprisoned in Greece in 2013? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A predator's effect on its prey species is hard to see in the short-term. However, if observed over a longer period of time, it is seen that the population of a predator will correlationally rise and fall with the population of its prey in a cycle similar to the boom and bust cycle of economics. If a predator overhunts its prey, the prey population will lower to numbers that are too scarce for the predators to find. This will cause the predator population to dip, decreasing the predation pressure on the prey population. The decrease in predators will allow the small number of prey left to slowly increase their population to somewhere around their previous abundance, which will allow the predator population to increase in response to the greater availability of resources. If a predator hunts its prey species to numbers too low to sustain the population in the short term, they can cause not only the extinction or extirpation of the prey but also the extinction of their own species, a phenomenon known as coextinction. This is a risk that wildlife conservationists encounter when introducing predators to prey that have not coevolved with the same or similar predators. This possibility depends largely on how well and how fast the prey species is able to adapt to the introduced predator. One way that this risk can be avoided is if the predator finds an alternative prey species or if an alternative prey species is introduced (something that ecologists and environmentalists try to avoid whenever possible). An alternative prey species would help to lift some of the predation pressure from the initial prey species, giving the population a chance to recover, however it does not guarantee that the initial prey species will be able to recover as the initial prey population may have been hunted to below sustainable numbers or to complete extinction. Question: When a predator hunts too much of its prey, causing both populations to dissappear, the phenomenon is called what? Answer: coextinction Question: Are predator's effects on prey easiest to see in the short-term or long-term? Answer: longer period of time Question: The rise and fall of predator and prey populations are similar to what, in the US economy? Answer: boom and bust cycle of economics Question: When are the effects of economics hard to see? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the cycle of complete extinction similar to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What risk to conservationists encounter when they cause the predator population to dip? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens if wildlife conservationists limit prey populations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does introducing a new prey species guarantee for the weaker predators? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During his bid to be elected president in 2004, Kerry frequently criticized President George W. Bush for the Iraq War. While Kerry had initially voted in support of authorizing President Bush to use force in dealing with Saddam Hussein, he voted against an $87 billion supplemental appropriations bill to pay for the subsequent war. His statement on March 16, 2004, "I actually did vote for the $87 billion before I voted against it," helped the Bush campaign to paint him as a flip-flopper and has been cited as contributing to Kerry's defeat. Question: Who did Kerry criticize during the 2004 campaign? Answer: President George W. Bush Question: Why did Kerry criticize Bush during the 2004 campaign? Answer: for the Iraq War Question: What had Kerry voted against after supporting the initial Iraq authorization? Answer: an $87 billion supplemental appropriations bill to pay for the subsequent war Question: What did Bush's campaign call Kerry for changing his mind about Iraq? Answer: a flip-flopper
Context: There have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour. The second has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routines and practices. Question: Shaping dogs to what people want is called what? Answer: commodification Question: The idea of what constitutes a family, from the human perspective, has enlarged to include what? Answer: dogs. Question: How many big trends are involved in how much the position of dogs has changed in human civilization? Answer: two Question: When a person shapes a dog to conform to his expectations of behavior, it is called what? Answer: commodification Question: A second major trend has been increasing the idea of family and home to include dogs in what? Answer: everyday routines
Context: During ordinary operation, the tungsten of the filament evaporates; hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster. Because of this, the lifetime of a filament lamp is a trade-off between efficiency and longevity. The trade-off is typically set to provide a lifetime of several hundred to 2,000 hours for lamps used for general illumination. Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps may have a useful life of only a few hours, trading life expectancy for high output in a compact form. Long-life general service lamps have lower efficiency but are used where the cost of changing the lamp is high compared to the value of energy used. Question: What determines how fast a tungsten filament evaporates? Answer: hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster Question: What is the typical goal for the life of a tungsten filament bulb? Answer: several hundred to 2,000 hours Question: Which types of lamps may have particularly short lives? Answer: Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps Question: What is the typical tradeoff in light bulb design? Answer: efficiency and longevity Question: What does not determine how fast a tungsten filament evaporates? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not a trade-off between efficiency and longevity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of bulb typically has a life of 3000 hours? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of lamp has higher efficiency but are used where the cost is high compared to the value of energy used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of lamp has a useful life of a few days? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Referring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. "Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars in which at least one great power was opposed to another, and they averaged little more than five years in length. In approximately a 450-year time frame, on average at least two great powers were fighting one another in each and every year." Even during the period of Pax Britannica (or "the British Peace") between 1815 and 1914, war and military confrontations among the great powers was still a frequent occurrence. In fact, Joshua Baron points out that, in terms of militarized conflicts or confrontations, the UK led the way in this period with nineteen such instances against; Russia (8), France (5), Germany/Prussia (5) and Italy (1). Question: How many wars occured between 1500s and 1953? Answer: 64 Question: For bout how many years was an average of one great power fighting another each year? Answer: 450 Question: What country had the most conflicts from 1500s through mid 20th century? Answer: UK Question: What span was the Pax Britannica? Answer: between 1815 and 1914 Question: Between 1815 and 1914, how many acts of diplomacy were there and with what countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many wars occurred pre-1960, that averaged about 5 years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Between 1815-1914 what country had the most defining characteristics of diplomacy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the 16th century, how many great powers were fighting each other in every year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what time frame was diplomacy frequent among the great powers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Precipitation is rather uniformly distributed throughout the year. However, dry periods lasting several weeks do occur, especially in autumn when long periods of pleasant, mild weather are most common. There is considerable variability in total monthly amounts from year to year so that no one month can be depended upon to be normal. Snow has been recorded during seven of the twelve months. Falls of 3 inches (7.6 cm) or more within 24 hours occur an average once per year. Annual snowfall, however, is usually light, averaging 10.5 inches (27 cm) per season. Snow typically remains on the ground only one or two days at a time, but remained for 16 days in 2010 (January 30 to February 14). Ice storms (freezing rain or glaze) are not uncommon, but they are seldom severe enough to do any considerable damage. Question: What season in Richmond is most likely to see periods of dryness? Answer: autumn Question: How many times does Richmond receive 7.6 centimeters or more of snow in a 24 hour period annually? Answer: once Question: About how many centimeters of snow does Richmond experience in the fall? Answer: 27 Question: During what span of 2010 did snowfall remain for a significant amount of time on the ground in Richmond? Answer: January 30 to February 14 Question: What types of ice storms sometimes hit Richmond? Answer: freezing rain or glaze
Context: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "Rational Clinical Examination Series" quantified the importance of increased pain as an indicator of infection. The review showed that the most useful finding is an increase in the level of pain [likelihood ratio (LR) range, 11-20] makes infection much more likely, but the absence of pain (negative likelihood ratio range, 0.64-0.88) does not rule out infection (summary LR 0.64-0.88). Question: Why is it difficult to now which chronic wounds are infected? Answer: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization Question: What is there limited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice? Answer: symptoms and signs Question: What is increased pain an indicator of? Answer: infection Question: What does not rule out infection? Answer: absence of pain Question: Why is it easy to know which chronic wounds are infected? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is there unlimited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is reduced pain an indicator of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will always rule out infection? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is rarely seen in clinical practice? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bible reading outside of religious services, belief their prayers are answered, belief that their religion can only be interpreted one way, belief that theirs is the only one true faith leading to eternal life, opposition to abortion, and opposition to homosexuality. In the study, Jehovah's Witnesses ranked lowest in statistics for having earned a graduate degree and interest in politics. Question: Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in people whose education extended no further than what? Answer: high school graduation Question: Compared to other religions, Jehovah's Witnesses have the highest frequency of doing what with the Bible outside of religious services? Answer: reading Question: What religion ranks highest in frequency of religious attendance? Answer: Jehovah's Witnesses Question: Statistically, what is a Jehovah's Witnesses likely not to care about at all? Answer: politics Question: What do few Jehovah's Witnesses earn? Answer: a graduate degree Question: The members of what religion have a lot of university degrees? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Educational aspiration is a hallmark of what Protestant religion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the Protestant religions that encourages people to be engaged in politics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the Protestant religions that is realistic about the time commitment of their members to their religion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the Protestant religions open to the ideas of other people? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Chopin's life and his relations with George Sand have been fictionalized in numerous films. The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer. Other film treatments have included: La valse de l'adieu (France, 1928) by Henry Roussel, with Pierre Blanchar as Chopin; Impromptu (1991), starring Hugh Grant as Chopin; La note bleue (1991); and Chopin: Desire for Love (2002). Question: What was the name of the 1945 movie released about Chopin? Answer: A Song to Remember Question: What is the name of the actor who received and Oscar nomination for his role as Chopin? Answer: Cornel Wilde Question: What year was La valse de l'adieu released? Answer: 1928 Question: Who starred as Chopin in Impromptu? Answer: Hugh Grant Question: Chopins relations with whom have been fictionalized in movies? Answer: George Sand Question: What 1945 film was a fictionalized accounting of the relationship between Chopin and Sand? Answer: A Song to Remember Question: Who portrayed Chopin in A Song to Remember? Answer: Cornel Wilde Question: Who portrayed Chopin in the 1928 film, La valse de l'adieu? Answer: Pierre Blanchar Question: Who portrayed Chopin in the 1991 film, Impromptu? Answer: Hugh Grant
Context: Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific. Question: The Dutch had one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world during what time? Answer: 1590–1712 Question: The Dutch operated a slave trade from which locations? Answer: Africa and the Pacific Question: What was one of the conquests of the Dutch Navy? Answer: breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient Question: From what location did the Portugese operate a slave trade? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Portugese have a strong and fast navy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was broken by Africa on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the Dutch navy located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what time period did Africa break Portugese influence? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Portuguese currency is the euro (€), which replaced the Portuguese Escudo, and the country was one of the original member states of the eurozone. Portugal's central bank is the Banco de Portugal, an integral part of the European System of Central Banks. Most industries, businesses and financial institutions are concentrated in the Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas—the Setúbal, Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra and Leiria districts are the biggest economic centres outside these two main areas.[citation needed] According to World Travel Awards, Portugal is the Europe's Leading Golf Destination 2012 and 2013. Question: What currency does Portugal use? Answer: the euro (€) Question: What currency did the euro replace in Portugal? Answer: Portuguese Escudo Question: What is the name of Portugal's central bank? Answer: Banco de Portugal Question: In what two areas are most Portuguese industries, businesses, and financial institutions concentrated? Answer: Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas Question: According to World Travel Awards, for what activity is Portugal known as Europe's leading destination? Answer: Golf
Context: Seattle's foreign-born population grew 40% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses. The Chinese population in the Seattle area has origins in mainland China, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong province. The Seattle area is also home to a large Vietnamese population of more than 55,000 residents, as well as over 30,000 Somali immigrants. The Seattle-Tacoma area is also home to one of the largest Cambodian communities in the United States, numbering about 19,000 Cambodian Americans, and one of the largest Samoan communities in the mainland U.S., with over 15,000 people having Samoan ancestry. Additionally, the Seattle area had the highest percentage of self-identified mixed-race people of any large metropolitan area in the United States, according to the 2000 United States Census Bureau. According to a 2012 HistoryLink study, Seattle's 98118 ZIP code (in the Columbia City neighborhood) was one of the most diverse ZIP Code Tabulation Areas in the United States. Question: How much did Seattle's foreign born population expand between 1990-2000? Answer: 40% Question: From where in China did most of the first immigrants come? Answer: Guangdong province Question: How many Vietnamese residents are there in Seattle? Answer: 55,000 Question: What is the population of Cambodian immigrants in Seattle? Answer: 19,000 Question: What other group of people does Seattle have the largest percentage of in the US? Answer: self-identified mixed-race
Context: Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article. Question: What is the standard pronunciation of Catalan? Answer: Central Catalan Question: What is Central Catalan? Answer: standard pronunciation Question: What are the descriptions for? Answer: standard pronunciation Question: Where do you look for the pronunciation of different dialects? Answer: section pronunciation
Context: Under Article IV, Section Three of the United States Constitution, which outlines the relationship among the states, Congress has the power to admit new states to the union. The states are required to give "full faith and credit" to the acts of each other's legislatures and courts, which is generally held to include the recognition of legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments. The states are guaranteed military and civil defense by the federal government, which is also obliged by Article IV, Section Four, to "guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government". Question: What does Article IV, Section three of the US Constitution outline? Answer: the relationship among the states Question: Article IV, Section Three of th United States Constitution gives Congress the power to do what? Answer: the power to admit new states to the union Question: What does the states' requirement to give "full faith and credit" help recognize? Answer: legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments Question: What are all states guaranteed by the federal government? Answer: military and civil defense Question: What does Article 4, Section 4 guarantee? Answer: guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government Question: What part of the US Constitution outlines the relationship among the states? Answer: Article IV, Section Three Question: Article IV, Section Three allows Congress to do what? Answer: admit new states to the union Question: What does the concept of "full faith and credit" protect? Answer: the recognition of legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments Question: What is guaranteed to the states by the federal government? Answer: military and civil defense Question: What does article V, Section three of the US Constitution outline? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Article V, Section Three of the United States Constitution give Congress the power to do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the states' requirement to give "full government guarantee" help recognize? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are all states guaranteed by the republican form? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Article V, Section 4 guarantee? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1970, President Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat. Sadat switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972. He launched the Infitah economic reform policy, while clamping down on religious and secular opposition. In 1973, Egypt, along with Syria, launched the October War, a surprise attack to regain part of the Sinai territory Israel had captured 6 years earlier. it presented Sadat with a victory that allowed him to regain the Sinai later in return for peace with Israel. Question: When did Nasser die? Answer: 1970 Question: Who succeeded Nasser? Answer: Anwar Sadat Question: Which side of the Cold War was Sadat? Answer: United States, Question: What was the October War? Answer: surprise attack to regain part of the Sinai territory Israel had captured 6 years earlier Question: What did Sadat exchange for the remainder of Sinai? Answer: peace with Israel
Context: In separate testimony to Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, officers of Clayton Holdings—the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe—testified that Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scarcely 54% of the loans met their originators’ underwriting standards. The analysis (conducted on behalf of 23 investment and commercial banks, including 7 "too big to fail" banks) additionally showed that 28% of the sampled loans did not meet the minimal standards of any issuer. Clayton's analysis further showed that 39% of these loans (i.e. those not meeting any issuer's minimal underwriting standards) were subsequently securitized and sold to investors. Question: Who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company? Answer: Clayton Holdings Question: According to Clayton Holdings, how many mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 met underwriting standards? Answer: 54% Question: How many investment and commercial banks were included in Clayton Holdings' analysis of January 2006 to June 2007 loans? Answer: 23 Question: Per Clayton's analysis of loans issued from January 2006 to June 2007, what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer? Answer: 28% Question: How many mortgage loans did Clayton Holdings review in their analysis? Answer: 900,000
Context: In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches, the music performed in the liturgies is exclusively sung without instrumental accompaniment. Bishop Kallistos Ware says, "The service is sung, even though there may be no choir... In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church, singing is unaccompanied and instrumental music is not found." This a cappella behavior arises from strict interpretation of Psalms 150, which states, Let every thing that hath breath praise the Lord. Praise ye the Lord. In keeping with this philosophy, early Russian musika which started appearing in the late 17th century, in what was known as khorovïye kontsertï (choral concertos) made a cappella adaptations of Venetian-styled pieces, such as the treatise, Grammatika musikiyskaya (1675), by Nikolai Diletsky. Divine Liturgies and Western Rite masses composed by famous composers such as Peter Tchaikovsky, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Alexander Arkhangelsky, and Mykola Leontovych are fine examples of this. Question: When did Russian musika show up? Answer: khorovïye kontsertï Question: khorovïye kontsertï were typically done similar to what pieces? Answer: Venetian-styled Question: What bible passage gave rise to certain a cappella attitudes? Answer: Psalms 150 Question: Who composed a popular Venetian-styled piece in 1675? Answer: Nikolai Diletsky Question: What is based on a brad interpritation of the Psalms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What started appearing in Russia in the 1700's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a copy of Venetian a cappella? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was written by NIkolai Diletsky in the 16th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are liturgies sung in Russian musika? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What motivates the way instrumental music is composed in the church? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orothdox Church appear? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of music made a cappella versions of instrumental accompaniment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Bishop composed Grammatika musikiyskaya in 1675? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Prime Minister's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister in the case of the Canada and other Commonwealth countries, it is called Cabinet Office in United Kingdom. Some Prime Minister's office do include the role of Cabinet. In other countries, it is called the Prime Minister's Department or the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet as for Australia. Question: What is the head of government's office called in Canada? Answer: Office of the Prime Minister Question: What is the head of government's office called in the UK? Answer: Cabinet Office Question: What is the Cabinet in Canada? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What never includes the role of Cabinet? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for "Drunk in Love", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé. She was nominated for Album of the Year but the award was won by Beck for his Morning Phase album. In August, the cover of the September issue of Vogue magazine was unveiled online, Beyoncé as the cover star, becoming the first African-American artist and third African-American woman in general to cover the September issue. She headlined the 2015 Made in America festival in early September and also the Global Citizen Festival later that month. Beyoncé made an uncredited featured appearance on the track "Hymn for the Weekend" by British rock band Coldplay, on their seventh studio album A Head Full of Dreams (2015), which saw release in December. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi announced Beyoncé would perform alongside Coldplay at Super Bowl 50 in February. Knowles has previously performed at four Super Bowl shows throughout her career, serving as the main headliner of the 47th Super Bowl halftime show in 2013. Question: How many awards did Beyonce take home with her at the 57th Grammy Awards? Answer: three Question: Which artist beat Beyonce out for Album of the year? Answer: Beck Question: Which magazine did Beyonce pose on the cover for in August of 2015? Answer: Vogue Question: Beyonce would perform with who at Superbowl 50? Answer: Coldplay Question: Beyonce took home how many awards at the 57th Grammy Awards? Answer: three Question: Beyonce lost to which artist for Album of the year? Answer: Beck Question: Who did Beyonce perform next to during Superbowl 50? Answer: Coldplay Question: If Beyonce won three Grammies in 2015, how many was she nominated for? Answer: six awards Question: On what magazine was she the cover model? Answer: Vogue Question: Who would she perform with at Superbowl 50? Answer: Coldplay Question: With what British band did Beyonce perform on their album? Answer: Coldplay Question: How many awards was Beyoncé nominated for at the 57th annual Grammys? Answer: six Question: How many awards did Beyoncé win at the 57th Annual Grammys? Answer: three Question: Beyoncé lost the Album of the Year award to which entertainer? Answer: Beck Question: Which magazine did Beyoncé pose for the cover, making her the first black female artist to do so? Answer: Vogue Question: Who did Beyonce perform with at Super Bowl 50? Answer: Coldplay
Context: As an important railroad and road junction and production center, Hanover was a major target for strategic bombing during World War II, including the Oil Campaign. Targets included the AFA (Stöcken), the Deurag-Nerag refinery (Misburg), the Continental plants (Vahrenwald and Limmer), the United light metal works (VLW) in Ricklingen and Laatzen (today Hanover fairground), the Hanover/Limmer rubber reclamation plant, the Hanomag factory (Linden) and the tank factory M.N.H. Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen (Badenstedt). Forced labourers were sometimes used from the Hannover-Misburg subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Residential areas were also targeted, and more than 6,000 civilians were killed by the Allied bombing raids. More than 90% of the city center was destroyed in a total of 88 bombing raids. After the war, the Aegidienkirche was not rebuilt and its ruins were left as a war memorial. Question: Other than for railroads and road junction, what did Hanover have that made it a major target? Answer: production center Question: Which campaign specifically was Hanover a target for in World War II? Answer: Oil Campaign Question: What does VLW stand for? Answer: United light metal works Question: How many civilians were killed in the Allied bombing raids in World War II? Answer: more than 6,000 Question: How many bombing raids were there during World War II? Answer: 88 Question: What did Hanover have that made it less likely to be bombed during World War II Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which campaign specifically targeted Hanover during World War I? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many civilians were killed during the axis bombing raids in World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many bombing raids destroyed 40% of the city? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What areas were not targeted by Allied bombers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Belgium, the sanction royale has the same legal effect as royal assent; the Belgian constitution requires a theoretically possible refusal of royal sanction to be countersigned—as any other act of the monarch—by a minister responsible before the House of Representatives. The monarch promulgates the law, meaning that he or she formally orders that the law be officially published and executed. In 1990, when King Baudouin advised his cabinet he could not, in conscience, sign a bill decriminalising abortion (a refusal patently not covered by a responsible minister), the Council of Ministers, at the King's own request, declared Baudouin incapable of exercising his powers. In accordance with the Belgian constitution, upon the declaration of the sovereign's incapacity, the Council of Ministers assumed the powers of the head of state until parliament could rule on the King's incapacity and appoint a regent. The bill was then assented to by all members of the Council of Ministers "on behalf of the Belgian People". In a joint meeting, both houses of parliament declared the King capable of exercising his powers again the next day. Question: What is royal assent called in Belgium? Answer: sanction royale Question: Who declared the monarch incapable of acting upon an abortion decriminalization bill in 1990? Answer: Council of Ministers Question: Which King refused to sign an abortion decriminalization bill in 1990? Answer: King Baudouin Question: Who declared the King capable of excersizing power again after a brief lapse in 1990? Answer: both houses of parliament Question: In Bulgaria, what has the same effect as royal assent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: King Bedoin refused to sign a bill in what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Both houses declared King Baudouin incapable of exercising his powers in what type of meeting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: King Baudouin signed a bill criminalizing abortion in what year? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Dutch East India Company had founded the Cape Colony on the southern tip of Africa in 1652 as a way station for its ships travelling to and from its colonies in the East Indies. Britain formally acquired the colony, and its large Afrikaner (or Boer) population in 1806, having occupied it in 1795 to prevent its falling into French hands, following the invasion of the Netherlands by France. British immigration began to rise after 1820, and pushed thousands of Boers, resentful of British rule, northwards to found their own—mostly short-lived—independent republics, during the Great Trek of the late 1830s and early 1840s. In the process the Voortrekkers clashed repeatedly with the British, who had their own agenda with regard to colonial expansion in South Africa and with several African polities, including those of the Sotho and the Zulu nations. Eventually the Boers established two republics which had a longer lifespan: the South African Republic or Transvaal Republic (1852–77; 1881–1902) and the Orange Free State (1854–1902). In 1902 Britain occupied both republics, concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War (1899–1902). Question: When was the southern tip of Africa colonized? Answer: 1652 Question: Which entity founded the Cape Colony? Answer: The Dutch East India Company Question: When did Britain formally acquire the Cape Colony? Answer: 1806 Question: What African people moved northwards to escape British rule? Answer: Boers Question: When did the Second Boer War end? Answer: 1902
Context: The House of Representatives, whose members are elected to serve five-year terms, specialises in legislation. Elections were last held between November 2011 and January 2012 which was later dissolved. The next parliamentary election will be held within 6 months of the constitution's ratification on 18 January 2014. Originally, the parliament was to be formed before the president was elected, but interim president Adly Mansour pushed the date. The Egyptian presidential election, 2014, took place on 26–28 May 2014. Official figures showed a turnout of 25,578,233 or 47.5%, with Abdel Fattah el-Sisi winning with 23.78 million votes, or 96.91% compared to 757,511 (3.09%) for Hamdeen Sabahi. Question: What branch of government are the House of Representatives focused on? Answer: legislation Question: What tems do House of Representatives serve? Answer: five-year terms Question: What percent of votes did el-Sisi get? Answer: 96.91% Question: Who came in second place in election for Egypt president to es-Sisi? Answer: Hamdeen Sabahi
Context: One major difference between Baroque music and the classical era that followed it is that the types of instruments used in ensembles were much less standardized. Whereas a classical era string quartet consists almost exclusively of two violins, a viola and a cello, a Baroque group accompanying a soloist or opera could include one of several different types of keyboard instruments (e.g., pipe organ, harpsichord, or clavichord), additional stringed chordal instruments (e.g., a lute) and an unspecified number of bass instruments performing the basso continuo bassline, including bowed strings, woodwinds and brass instruments (e.g., a cello, contrabass, viol, bassoon, serpent, etc.). Question: What was less standardized during the Baroque era? Answer: the types of instruments used in ensembles Question: Two violins, a viola, and a cello make up what type of group? Answer: a classical era string quartet Question: Keyboard instruments included the pip organ, harpsichord and what other instrument? Answer: clavichord Question: What is an example of a stringed chordal instrument during the Baroque period? Answer: a lute

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