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Context: The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44). Question: In the United States, how many important steps are usually present in the administration of capital punishment? Answer: four Question: Along with the President, what officeholder can issue pardons? Answer: Governor Question: How many death sentences were issued in the period 1995-1996? Answer: 309 Question: How many capital sentences were given in 1973? Answer: 44 Question: In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions? Answer: 2014 Question: In the United States, how many important steps are never present in the administration of capital punishment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with the President, what officeholder can't issue pardons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many death sentences were rejected in the period 1995-1996? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many capital sentences were rejected in 1973? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions overturned? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Critics argue Napoleon's true legacy must reflect the loss of status for France and needless deaths brought by his rule: historian Victor Davis Hanson writes, "After all, the military record is unquestioned—17 years of wars, perhaps six million Europeans dead, France bankrupt, her overseas colonies lost." McLynn notes that, "He can be viewed as the man who set back European economic life for a generation by the dislocating impact of his wars." However, Vincent Cronin replies that such criticism relies on the flawed premise that Napoleon was responsible for the wars which bear his name, when in fact France was the victim of a series of coalitions which aimed to destroy the ideals of the Revolution. Question: Which historian describes Napoleon's legacy in terms of years spent at war, numbers of European dead, and France's bankruptcy and loss of colonies? Answer: Victor Davis Hanson Question: Which historian views Napoleon's legacy as one of having set back the European economy for a generation through war? Answer: McLynn Question: Which historian counters criticism of Napoleon by suggesting that the wars he fought were the responsibility of enemies of the Revolution, rather than that of Napoleon? Answer: Vincent Cronin Question: How many years of wars does Victor Davis Hanson claim are part of Napoleon's military record? Answer: 17 Question: Approximately how many Europeans dead does Victor Davis Hanson assert are part of Napoleon's military record? Answer: six million
Context: The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexander). It is so named because it set the standards by which Greek civilization would be judged in later eras. The Classical period is also described as the "Golden Age" of Greek civilization, and its art, philosophy, architecture and literature would be instrumental in the formation and development of Western culture. Question: The time span that is counted as the classical for the Greeks is from eras ? Answer: classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC Question: Are there some discrepancies among scholars for the distinction of the period ? Answer: this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexander Question: What is so well known about this period ? Answer: It is so named because it set the standards by which Greek civilization would be judged in later eras Question: What shiny other name is this time also called ? Answer: The Classical period is also described as the "Golden Age" of Greek civilization Question: What did the Greeks do that made it possible for the expansion and growth of the opposite of the Eastern Civilization ? Answer: civilization, and its art, philosophy, architecture and literature would be instrumental in the formation and development of Western culture. Question: What century marked the formation of Western civilization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what was the time period called when Persia was a dominant force in the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year marked the beginning of the Peloponnesian war? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is well known about the Peloponnesian war? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What culture was influenced by the results of the Peloponnesian war? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The time span that is counted as the non-classical for the Greeks is from eras ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Are there some discrepancies among students for the distinction of the period ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is so unknown about this period ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What shiny other name is this time not called ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Greeks do that made it possible for the contraction of the opposite of the Western Civilization ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The time span that isn't counted as the classical for the Greeks is from eras? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why aren't there some discrepancies among scholars for the distinction of the period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't so well known about this period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What dull other name is this time also called? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Great Plains lie west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains. A large portion of the country's agricultural products are grown in the Great Plains. Before their general conversion to farmland, the Great Plains were noted for their extensive grasslands, from tallgrass prairie in the eastern plains to shortgrass steppe in the western High Plains. Elevation rises gradually from less than a few hundred feet near the Mississippi River to more than a mile high in the High Plains. The generally low relief of the plains is broken in several places, most notably in the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains, which form the U.S. Interior Highlands, the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains. Question: What area is located in between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains? Answer: The Great Plains Question: In which area are a large number of the country's agricultural products grown? Answer: the Great Plains Question: How high does elevation rise in the Great Plains? Answer: a mile high Question: What is the only major mountain ranged located between the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains? Answer: Interior Highlands Question: What area is located between the Mississippi River and the appellation Mountains? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A small portion of the countries what is grown in the Great Plains? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The elevation of what is more than a mile high near the Mississippi River? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the only mountains between the Rocky Mountains and Appellation Mountains? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Before being converted to grassland the Great Plains were known for what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that the park system in New York City was the second best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities, behind the park system of Minneapolis. ParkScore ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of city residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents. Question: What city was rated as having the best park system by The Trust for Public Land? Answer: Minneapolis Question: What city had the second highest ParkScore rating? Answer: New York City Question: The 2013 ParkScore rating for NYC made NYC second in best park system to what other US city? Answer: Minneapolis
Context: In America, Episcopalian Dennis Bennett is sometimes cited as one of the charismatic movement's seminal influence. In the United Kingdom, Colin Urquhart, Michael Harper, David Watson and others were in the vanguard of similar developments. The Massey conference in New Zealand, 1964 was attended by several Anglicans, including the Rev. Ray Muller, who went on to invite Bennett to New Zealand in 1966, and played a leading role in developing and promoting the Life in the Spirit seminars. Other Charismatic movement leaders in New Zealand include Bill Subritzky. Question: What American is considered to have been a seminal influence in the charismatic movement? Answer: Dennis Bennett Question: When was the Massey conference held? Answer: 1964 Question: The Massey conference eventually led to developing what seminars? Answer: Life in the Spirit Question: Name UK influences on the Charismatic movement. Answer: Colin Urquhart, Michael Harper, David Watson Question: Where was the Massey conference held? Answer: New Zealand
Context: The Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri. In West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence. Question: Which tribe ran the city of Nri? Answer: Igbo Question: When was Nri taken over by the British? Answer: 1911 Question: Igbo Ukwu made the oldest bronze art using which process? Answer: lost-wax Question: Who ruled Nri? Answer: the Eze Nri Question: Which clan is Nri in the territory of? Answer: Umeuri
Context: Hegel certainly intends to preserve what he takes to be true of German idealism, in particular Kant's insistence that ethical reason can and does go beyond finite inclinations. For Hegel there must be some identity of thought and being for the "subject" (any human observer)) to be able to know any observed "object" (any external entity, possibly even another human) at all. Under Hegel's concept of "subject-object identity," subject and object both have Spirit (Hegel's ersatz, redefined, nonsupernatural "God") as their conceptual (not metaphysical) inner reality—and in that sense are identical. But until Spirit's "self-realization" occurs and Spirit graduates from Spirit to Absolute Spirit status, subject (a human mind) mistakenly thinks every "object" it observes is something "alien," meaning something separate or apart from "subject." In Hegel's words, "The object is revealed to it [to "subject"] by [as] something alien, and it does not recognize itself." Self-realization occurs when Hegel (part of Spirit's nonsupernatural Mind, which is the collective mind of all humans) arrives on the scene and realizes that every "object" is himself, because both subject and object are essentially Spirit. When self-realization occurs and Spirit becomes Absolute Spirit, the "finite" (man, human) becomes the "infinite" ("God," divine), replacing the imaginary or "picture-thinking" supernatural God of theism: man becomes God. Tucker puts it this way: "Hegelianism . . . is a religion of self-worship whose fundamental theme is given in Hegel's image of the man who aspires to be God himself, who demands 'something more, namely infinity.'" The picture Hegel presents is "a picture of a self-glorifying humanity striving compulsively, and at the end successfully, to rise to divinity." Question: In Hegel's thought, what inner reality is possessed by both subject and object? Answer: Spirit Question: What is another term for Hegel's "subject"? Answer: any human observer Question: What does Hegel mean by "object"? Answer: any external entity Question: What does Spirit turn into when a person arrives at self-realization? Answer: Absolute Spirit Question: Who did Tucker argue that Hegel's philosophy involved the worship of? Answer: self Question: Which of Kant's ideas did Hegel reject? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Kant believe was necessary to know an object? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who believed a metaphysical inner reality was necessary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: An Absolute Spirit graduates to what status? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Tucker try to preserve? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After the 1948 election, the state turned firmly Republican. Although registered Republicans were a minority in the state until 2015, starting in 1952, Oklahoma has been carried by Republican presidential candidates in all but one election (1964). This is not to say that every election has been a landslide for Republicans: Jimmy Carter lost the state by less than 1.5% in 1976, while Michael Dukakis and Bill Clinton both won 40% or more of the state's popular vote in 1988 and 1996 respectively. Al Gore in 2000, though, was the last Democrat to even win any counties in the state. Oklahoma was the only state where Barack Obama failed to carry any of its counties in both 2008 and 2012. Question: What political party rose to power in Oklahoma in 1948? Answer: Republican Question: When did registered Republicans become a majority in Oklahoma? Answer: 2015 Question: What is the one election since 1952 where a Republican presidential candidate didn't win in Oklahoma? Answer: 1964 Question: Oklahoma was the only state where which presidential candidate won no counties twice? Answer: Barack Obama Question: Who was the last Democratic presidential candidate to win any counties in Oklahoma? Answer: Al Gore
Context: Fimbriae (sometimes called "attachment pili") are fine filaments of protein, usually 2–10 nanometres in diameter and up to several micrometers in length. They are distributed over the surface of the cell, and resemble fine hairs when seen under the electron microscope. Fimbriae are believed to be involved in attachment to solid surfaces or to other cells, and are essential for the virulence of some bacterial pathogens. Pili (sing. pilus) are cellular appendages, slightly larger than fimbriae, that can transfer genetic material between bacterial cells in a process called conjugation where they are called conjugation pili or "sex pili" (see bacterial genetics, below). They can also generate movement where they are called type IV pili (see movement, below). Question: What are fimbriae? Answer: fine filaments of protein Question: What is the diameter of fimbriae? Answer: 2–10 nanometres Question: What are fimbriae liable for? Answer: involved in attachment to solid surfaces or to other cells Question: What are pili? Answer: cellular appendages
Context: Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea. Question: What living organisms are bacteria being reffered as? Answer: prokaryotes Question: What vital part is missing in bacteria to eukaryotes? Answer: nucleus Question: When did the scientific classification change? Answer: 1990s Question: What are two main groups prokaryotes can be divided into? Answer: Bacteria and Archaea
Context: A direct chartered cargo flight was made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport sending some 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan to the affected areas. Approval from mainland Chinese authorities was sought, and the chartered flight departed Taipei at 17:00 CST, May 15 and arrived in Chengdu by 20:30 CST. A rescue team from the Red Cross in Taiwan was also scheduled to depart Taipei on a Mandarin Airlines direct chartered flight to Chengdu at 15:00 CST on May 16. Question: Who made a direct chartered cargo flight? Answer: China Airlines Question: What date did the cargo flight leave? Answer: May 15 Question: When did a rescue team depart? Answer: May 16 Question: How did the move the relief supplies from Taiwan to the stricken area? Answer: chartered cargo flight Question: From what airport did the chartered flight leave? Answer: Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Question: Where did the chartered flight from Taiwan land? Answer: Chengdu Question: What Red Cross team left Taipei on May 16 Answer: rescue team Question: Where did the Red Cross team from Taiwan land? Answer: Chengdu
Context: Directive 23 was the only concession made by Göring to the Kriegsmarine over the strategic bombing strategy of the Luftwaffe against Britain. Thereafter, he would refuse to make available any air units to destroy British dockyards, ports, port facilities, or shipping in dock or at sea, lest Kriegsmarine gain control of more Luftwaffe units. Raeder's successor—Karl Dönitz—would—on the intervention of Hitler—gain control of one unit (KG 40), but Göring would soon regain it. Göring's lack of cooperation was detrimental to the one air strategy with potentially decisive strategic effect on Britain. Instead, he wasted aircraft of Fliegerführer Atlantik (Flying Command Atlantic) on bombing mainland Britain instead of attacks against convoys. For Göring, his prestige had been damaged by the defeat in the Battle of Britain, and he wanted to regain it by subduing Britain by air power alone. He was always reluctant to cooperate with Raeder. Question: What was the concession Goring made with the strategic bombing against Britain? Answer: Directive 23 Question: What did Goring believe the Kriegsmarine would gain with further support? Answer: control of more Luftwaffe units Question: Who was Raeder's successor? Answer: Karl Dönitz Question: What was detrimental to the success of a strategic effect against Britain? Answer: Göring's lack of cooperation Question: How did Goring expect to regain prestige? Answer: by subduing Britain by air power alone
Context: Corruption also generates economic distortion in the public sector by diverting public investment into capital projects where bribes and kickbacks are more plentiful. Officials may increase the technical complexity of public sector projects to conceal or pave the way for such dealings, thus further distorting investment. Corruption also lowers compliance with construction, environmental, or other regulations, reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure, and increases budgetary pressures on government. Question: Economic distortion is created by corruption in the public sector by diverting what into capital projects? Answer: public investment Question: What is more plentiful in capital projects? Answer: bribes and kickbacks Question: Corruption can lower what with environmental regulations? Answer: compliance
Context: Since the 2010 election, the government has embarked on a series of reforms to direct the country towards liberal democracy, a mixed economy, and reconciliation, although doubts persist about the motives that underpin such reforms. The series of reforms includes the release of pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi from house arrest, the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission, the granting of general amnesties for more than 200 political prisoners, new labour laws that permit labour unions and strikes, a relaxation of press censorship, and the regulation of currency practices. Question: In what direction is the government of Burma ultimately attempting to go? Answer: reforms to direct the country towards liberal democracy Question: What type of economy is Burma attempting to reach? Answer: a mixed economy Question: Where was Aung San Suu Kyi confined during his imprisonment in Burma ? Answer: house arrest Question: What happened to the political prisoner being held in Burma ? Answer: granting of general amnesties for more than 200 political prisoners Question: Are groups who represent workers allowed to express their opinions in protest in Burma? Answer: new labour laws that permit labour unions and strikes
Context: High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be mounted on a heat sink to allow for heat dissipation. If the heat from a HP-LED is not removed, the device will fail in seconds. One HP-LED can often replace an incandescent bulb in a flashlight, or be set in an array to form a powerful LED lamp. Question: How many lumens can some high-power LEDs emit? Answer: over a thousand Question: Up to how many densities have been achieved with LED power? Answer: 300 W/cm2 Question: Why must High-power LEDs be mounted on a heat sink? Answer: to allow for heat dissipation Question: What will happen if the heat from a high-power LED is not removed? Answer: the device will fail in seconds Question: What can one high-power LED replace? Answer: incandescent bulb in a flashlight Question: How many lumens can some low-power LEDs emit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Up to how many densities have never been achieved with LED power? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why must High-power LEDs be mounted on a heat rise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will happen if the heat from a low-power LED is not removed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can one low-power LED replace? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Furthermore, even single neurons appear to be complex and capable of performing computations. So, brain models that don't reflect this are arguably too abstractive to be representative of brain operation; models that do try to capture this are very computationally expensive and arguably intractable with present computational resources. However, having said this, the Human Brain Project is trying to build a realistic, detailed computational model of the entire human brain. It remains to be seen what level of success they can achieve in the time frame of the project and the wisdom of it has been publicly contested, with high-profile scientists on both sides of the argument. Question: What is the project called that is trying to build a realistic, detailed computer model of the human brain? Answer: the Human Brain Project
Context: Politically, Calvin favoured a mixture of aristocracy and democracy. He appreciated the advantages of democracy: "It is an invaluable gift, if God allows a people to freely elect its own authorities and overlords." Calvin also thought that earthly rulers lose their divine right and must be put down when they rise up against God. To further protect the rights of ordinary people, Calvin suggested separating political powers in a system of checks and balances (separation of powers). Thus he and his followers resisted political absolutism and paved the way for the rise of modern democracy. Besides England, the Netherlands were, under Calvinist leadership, the freest country in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It granted asylum to philosophers like Baruch Spinoza and Pierre Bayle. Hugo Grotius was able to teach his natural-law theory and a relatively liberal interpretation of the Bible. Question: What political mixture did Calvin prefer? Answer: aristocracy and democracy Question: What is the term for checks and balances in a political system? Answer: separation of powers Question: Who paved the way for modern democracy to emerge? Answer: Calvin Question: Who was allowed to teach a liberal Bible interpretation? Answer: Hugo Grotius Question: What philosophers were given asylum? Answer: Baruch Spinoza and Pierre Bayle
Context: Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He—or she—does not know how to join two notes together.' He also demanded the strictest adherence to rhythm. He hated all lingering and dragging, misplaced rubatos, as well as exaggerated ritardandos ... and it is precisely in this respect that people make such terrible errors in playing his works." Question: According to who did Chopin demand strictly sticking with rhythm? Answer: Friederike Müller Question: Which student said Chopin made sure his students knew his legato, cantabile style of playing? Answer: Friederike Müller Question: According to Friederike Müller, Chopin insisted his students have the strictest adherence to what? Answer: rhythm.
Context: The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome. The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral. Question: At one time, Priest permanently were assigned to a church were referred to as? Answer: cardinal Question: How early was this term used? Answer: ninth century Question: The Church of England uses what term that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St. Pauls Catherdral? Answer: tituli Question: What Latin word does "cardinal" come from? Answer: cardo Question: Which church still holds on to the original meaning of "cardinal" from the above Latin word? Answer: The Church of England Question: What does the Latin cardo not mean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the term applied to any priest temporarily assigned or incardinated to a church? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term was applied as early as the eighth century to the priests of the tituli of the diocese of Rome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term was used by the Church of France that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canon of St. Paul's Catherdral? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which church maintains the original meaning of the Greek word "cardo"? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment. A golf course also exists and the possibility for sportfishing tourism is great. Three hotels operate on the island but the arrival of tourists is directly linked to the arrival and departure schedule of the RMS St Helena. Some 3,200 short-term visitors arrived on the island in 2013. Question: What is the tourist industry mostly based around? Answer: the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment Question: What kind of fishing tourism occurs on the island? Answer: sportfishing Question: How many hotels are on the island? Answer: 3 Question: Tourism is completely based on what arriving to the island? Answer: the RMS St Helena
Context: Animal intestines contain a large population of gut flora. In humans, the four dominant phyla are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. They are essential to digestion and are also affected by food that is consumed. Bacteria in the gut perform many important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food; stimulating cell growth; repressing the growth of harmful bacteria, training the immune system to respond only to pathogens; producing vitamin B12; and defending against some infectious diseases. Question: Where could one find a large population of gut flora? Answer: Animal intestines Question: What term collectively describes "Firmicutes" and "Bacteroidetes" among others? Answer: phyla Question: What is the importance of having phyla in the body? Answer: essential to digestion Question: What role specifically in digestion do bacteria in the gut have? Answer: breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food Question: Which vitamin are the bacteria present in the gut responsible for producing? Answer: vitamin B12
Context: Webcomics are comics that are available on the internet. They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments. Webcomics can make use of an infinite canvas—meaning they are not constrained by size or dimensions of a page. Question: What comics are on the Internet? Answer: Webcomics Question: Webcomics reach large audiences and new what? Answer: readers Question: With webcomics, readers have access to what? Answer: archived installments Question: Not held back by size limits, webcomics are said to have a what? Answer: infinite canvas Question: What comics aren't on the Internet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Webcomics reach small audiences and new what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Webcomics reach large audiences and old what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: With webcomics, readers have no access to what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Held back by size limits, webcomics are said to have a what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: One person may presume knowledge of another person's sexual orientation based upon perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people. The attempt to detect sexual orientation in social situations is known as gaydar; some studies have found that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance. 2015 research suggests that "gaydar" is an alternate label for using LGBT stereotypes to infer orientation, and that face-shape is not an accurate indication of orientation. Question: What can make a person believe they know someone elses sexual orientation? Answer: perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people Question: What is a term for someone who tries to determine someones sexuality? Answer: gaydar Question: What have somes studies show when researching how someone uses "gaydar"? Answer: that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance Question: What did research in 2015 suggest was an alternate label for gaydar? Answer: using LGBT stereotypes to infer orientation Question: What did this research also show about face-shape? Answer: not an accurate indication of orientation.
Context: Wolves, and their dog descendants, would have derived significant benefits from living in human camps—more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed. They would have benefited from humans' upright gait that gives them larger range over which to see potential predators and prey, as well as color vision that, at least by day, gives humans better visual discrimination. Camp dogs would also have benefited from human tool use, as in bringing down larger prey and controlling fire for a range of purposes. Question: What would wolves have gotten from living with humans? Answer: significant benefits
Context: The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament. Question: What is a central duty of the prime minister? Answer: ensure the passage of bills Question: What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers? Answer: royal prerogative Question: Using royal prerogative does not require the consent of which body? Answer: parliament Question: Who has no reponsibility for passing bills with the rest of the cabinet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is it called when the monarch has all the executive powers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who must consent to the use of royal perogative? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: To qualify for participation in the auctions, banks must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities. These can be the public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted. The fairly stringent membership requirements for the European Union, especially with regard to sovereign debt as a percentage of each member state's gross domestic product, are designed to insure that assets offered to the bank as collateral are, at least in theory, all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation. Question: How does a bank make sure that they can participate in auctions? Answer: must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities Question: What kind of proof is acceptable for participation in auctions? Answer: public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted Question: What should all assets offered up as collateral be? Answer: all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation Question: What must be a part of a states Gross Domestic Product in order for them to be considered for particpation in auctions? Answer: sovereign debt Question: How does a bank make sure that they can't participate in auctions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of proof is unacceptable for participation in auctions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What should no assets offered up as collateral be? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What must never be a part of a states Gross Domestic Product in order for them to be considered for particpation in auctions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the Eastern Han, conscription could be avoided if one paid a commutable tax. The Eastern Han court favored the recruitment of a volunteer army. The volunteer army comprised the Southern Army (Nanjun 南軍), while the standing army stationed in and near the capital was the Northern Army (Beijun 北軍). Led by Colonels (Xiaowei 校尉), the Northern Army consisted of five regiments, each composed of several thousand soldiers. When central authority collapsed after 189 AD, wealthy landowners, members of the aristocracy/nobility, and regional military-governors relied upon their retainers to act as their own personal troops (buqu 部曲). Question: How could conscription into military service be avoided? Answer: one paid a commutable tax Question: What army was based near the capital? Answer: Northern Army Question: What army was considered to be the volunteer army? Answer: Southern Army Question: How many regiments were in the Northern Army? Answer: five Question: Around how many soldiers were in each regiment of the Northern Army? Answer: several thousand soldiers
Context: Small-scale "expedition tourism" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). Not all vessels associated with Antarctic tourism are members of IAATO, but IAATO members account for 95% of the tourist activity. Travel is largely by small or medium ship, focusing on specific scenic locations with accessible concentrations of iconic wildlife. A total of 37,506 tourists visited during the 2006–07 Austral summer with nearly all of them coming from commercial ships. The number was predicted to increase to over 80,000 by 2010. Question: Since what year has tourism been ongoing to Antarctica? Answer: 1957 Question: What is expedition tourism to Antarctica subject to? Answer: Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol Question: How many of the Antarctic tour operators belong to IAATO? Answer: 95% Question: What is the mode of travel for Antarctic tours? Answer: small or medium ship Question: How many tourists went to Antarctica during the 2006-07 season? Answer: 37,506 Question: What has existed since 1975? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does IATAO stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of tourism do members of the IATAO account for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many tourists visited in 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the number of tourists predicted to increase to in 2007? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The dynasty lost control of peripheral territories bit by bit. In return for promises of support against the British and the French, the Russian Empire took large chunks of territory in the Northeast in 1860. The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tientsin Massacre of 1870, which was incited by the murder of French nuns set off by the belligerence of local French diplomats. Starting with the Cochinchina Campaign in 1858, France expanded control of Indochina. By 1883, France was in full control of the region and had reached the Chinese border. The Sino-French War began with a surprise attack by the French on the Chinese southern fleet at Fuzhou. After that the Chinese declared war on the French. A French invasion of Taiwan was halted and the French were defeated on land in Tonkin at the Battle of Bang Bo. However Japan threatened to enter the war against China due to the Gapsin Coup and China chose to end the war with negotiations. The war ended in 1885 with the Treaty of Tientsin (1885) and the Chinese recognition of the French protectorate in Vietnam. Question: Who did the Chinese lose territory to in exchange for help? Answer: Russian Question: When was the Tientsin Massacre? Answer: 1870 Question: What triggered the Tientsin Massacre? Answer: murder of French nuns Question: When was the Cochinchina Campaign? Answer: 1858 Question: Which territory did France control? Answer: Indochina
Context: In 2008, State Council established a counterpart support plan (《汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案》). The plan is to arrange 19 eastern and central province and municipalitie to help 18 counties, on "one province to one affected county" basis. The plan spanned 3 years, and cost no less than one percent of the province or municipality's budget. Question: What did the State Council establish in 2008? Answer: a counterpart support plan Question: How long did the plan last? Answer: 3 years Question: What did the state council set up in 2008? Answer: counterpart support plan Question: What is the basis for this plan? Answer: one province to one affected county Question: How long is the plan due to last? Answer: 3 years Question: What is the cost per province's budget? Answer: one percent
Context: The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat. Question: Dogs had a worth to what type of early humans? Answer: hunter-gatherers Question: Dogs have hunted with and done other things for people for a long time, but what is a more recent help to people they provide? Answer: aiding handicapped individuals. Question: Because of a dog's resourcefulness to people, they have been given what nickname? Answer: man's best friend Question: Some cultures treat dogs as what rather than companions? Answer: a source of meat
Context: Schwarzenegger has had a highly successful business career. Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a "prolific goal setter" and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car – and succeed in doing so. By the age of 30, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from his success as a budding entrepreneur with a series of successful business ventures and investments. Question: Where would Schwarzenegger write down his goals? Answer: index cards Question: Schwarzenegger became a millionaire by what age? Answer: 30
Context: Media requests at the trade show prompted Kondo to consider using orchestral music for the other tracks in the game as well, a notion reinforced by his preference for live instruments. He originally envisioned a full 50-person orchestra for action sequences and a string quartet for more "lyrical moments", though the final product used sequenced music instead. Kondo later cited the lack of interactivity that comes with orchestral music as one of the main reasons for the decision. Both six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack were released on November 19, 2006, as part of a Nintendo Power promotion and bundled with replicas of the Master Sword and the Hylian Shield. Question: What kind of instruments are favored by Kondo? Answer: live Question: How many people would be in the orchestra Kondo imagined using for the soundtrack? Answer: 50 Question: When was the soundtrack of Twilight Princess made available? Answer: November 19, 2006 Question: Which publication was associated with the soundtrack release? Answer: Nintendo Power Question: Who made the requests for Kondo to use orchestral music throughout the game? Answer: Media Question: When were track versions of the game's sountrack released? Answer: November 19, 2006 Question: What were replicas of the Master Sword and Hylian Shield bundled with? Answer: soundtrack Question: What kind of instruments are favored by Hylian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people would be in the orchestra Hylian imagined using for the soundtrack? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the soundtrack of Hylian made available? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which publication was associated with the media requests? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were replicas of the media requests bundled with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Roland Levinsky building, the landmark building of the University of Plymouth, is located in the city's central quarter. Designed by leading architect Henning Larsen, the building was opened in 2008 and houses the University's Arts faculty. It has been consistently considered one of the UK's most beautiful university buildings. Question: Who designed the Roland Levinsky building? Answer: Henning Larsen Question: When did the Roland Levinsky building open? Answer: 2008 Question: Of what university is the Roland Levinsky building a part? Answer: University of Plymouth Question: What academic discipline at the university is based in the Roland Levinsky building? Answer: Arts Question: What part of Plymouth is the Roland Levinsky building situated in? Answer: the city's central quarter
Context: Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light. Question: What is the powdery substance in coated glass light bulbs? Answer: kaolin Question: How is kaolin placed inside a light bulb? Answer: blown in and electrostatically deposited Question: What is the effect of a kaolin coating on the light cast? Answer: a more gentle and evenly distributed light Question: How are Christmas colored light bulbs created? Answer: by coloring the glass with a dopant Question: How does kaolin create a more gentle light? Answer: It diffuses the light emitted from the filament Question: What type of glass does a light bulb not have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does not coat the glass bulb? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a black, chalky clay on the inside of a glass bulb? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does not produce a gentle ans evenly distributed light? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is sometimes used to provide a more artificial appearing light? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Nuclear surety ensures the safety, security and effectiveness of nuclear operations. Because of their political and military importance, destructive power, and the potential consequences of an accident or unauthorized act, nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon systems require special consideration and protection against risks and threats inherent in their peacetime and wartime environments. The Air Force, in conjunction with other entities within the Departments of Defense or Energy, achieves a high standard of protection through a stringent nuclear surety program. This program applies to materiel, personnel, and procedures that contribute to the safety, security, and control of nuclear weapons, thus assuring no nuclear accidents, incidents, loss, or unauthorized or accidental use (a Broken Arrow incident). The Air Force continues to pursue safe, secure and effective nuclear weapons consistent with operational requirements. Adversaries, allies, and the American people must be highly confident of the Air Force's ability to secure nuclear weapons from accidents, theft, loss, and accidental or unauthorized use. This day-to-day commitment to precise and reliable nuclear operations is the cornerstone of the credibility of the NDO mission. Positive nuclear command, control, communications; effective nuclear weapons security; and robust combat support are essential to the overall NDO function. Question: What ensures the safety of nuclear operations? Answer: Nuclear surety Question: What is a Broken Arrow incident in nuclear security? Answer: unauthorized or accidental use Question: What is the mission of the NDO in regards to nuclear security? Answer: precise and reliable nuclear operations Question: What is one of the five functions of NDO support? Answer: effective nuclear weapons security Question: What other US departments does the Air Force coordinate with for nuclear security? Answer: Departments of Defense or Energy
Context: Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived. Question: The Earth's oceans cover what percentage of the globe? Answer: 71 Question: What is the average temperature of the Earth's surface in Celsius? Answer: 14 Question: What is the process by which green plants convert solar energy to stored energy? Answer: photosynthesis Question: How much of the earth is covered by oceans? Answer: about 71% Question: What is the cause of atmospheric circulation? Answer: Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises Question: How does the water vapor that rises in warm air turn into clouds? Answer: When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds Question: What creates wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones? Answer: The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection Question: What is the process in which plants convert solar energy into stored energy called? Answer: photosynthesis
Context: In 1880, Bell received the Volta Prize with a purse of 50,000 francs (approximately US$250,000 in today's dollars) for the invention of the telephone from the Académie française, representing the French government. Among the luminaries who judged were Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas. The Volta Prize was conceived by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1801, and named in honor of Alessandro Volta, with Bell receiving the third grand prize in its history. Since Bell was becoming increasingly affluent, he used his prize money to create endowment funds (the 'Volta Fund') and institutions in and around the United States capital of Washington, D.C.. These included the prestigious 'Volta Laboratory Association' (1880), also known as the Volta Laboratory and as the 'Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory', and which eventually led to the Volta Bureau (1887) as a center for studies on deafness which is still in operation in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. The Volta Laboratory became an experimental facility devoted to scientific discovery, and the very next year it improved Edison's phonograph by substituting wax for tinfoil as the recording medium and incising the recording rather than indenting it, key upgrades that Edison himself later adopted. The laboratory was also the site where he and his associate invented his "proudest achievement", "the photophone", the "optical telephone" which presaged fibre optical telecommunications, while the Volta Bureau would later evolve into the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (the AG Bell), a leading center for the research and pedagogy of deafness. Question: Adjusted for inflation, how many dollars were awarded to Bell alongside the Volta Prize? Answer: $250,000 Question: Victor Hugo and what other author helped judge the Volta Prize in 1880? Answer: Alexandre Dumas Question: Who first established the Volta Prize? Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte Question: The Volta lab improved the phonograph by replacing tinfoil with what substance? Answer: wax Question: Which Bell-founded institution still operates in Georgetown today? Answer: Volta Bureau
Context: Nociceptive pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (nociceptors), and may be classified according to the mode of noxious stimulation. The most common categories are "thermal" (e.g. heat or cold), "mechanical" (e.g. crushing, tearing, shearing, etc.) and "chemical" (e.g. iodine in a cut or chemicals released during inflammation). Some nociceptors respond to more than one of these modalities and are consequently designated polymodal. Question: Stimulating nociceptors will induce which type of pain? Answer: Nociceptive Question: How is nociceptive pain classified? Answer: according to the mode of noxious stimulation Question: The thermal category of pain deals with which two temperature ranges? Answer: heat or cold Question: Crushing, tearing and shearing are examples of which type of pain? Answer: mechanical Question: What is the term for nociceptors which respond to more than one type of stimuli? Answer: polymodal Question: What type of pain is caused by stimulation of fiber? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the common categories of modalities pain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does mechanical pain refer to along with cold? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The path to independence for the white colonies of the British Empire began with the 1839 Durham Report, which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada, as a solution to political unrest there. This began with the passing of the Act of Union in 1840, which created the Province of Canada. Responsible government was first granted to Nova Scotia in 1848, and was soon extended to the other British North American colonies. With the passage of the British North America Act, 1867 by the British Parliament, Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were formed into the Dominion of Canada, a confederation enjoying full self-government with the exception of international relations. Australia and New Zealand achieved similar levels of self-government after 1900, with the Australian colonies federating in 1901. The term "dominion status" was officially introduced at the Colonial Conference of 1907. Question: When was it proposed to unify Upper and Lower Canada? Answer: 1839 Question: The Act of Union unified Canada into a territory by what name? Answer: Province of Canada Question: When was the British North America Act passed? Answer: 1867 Question: When did Australia achieve self-government? Answer: after 1900 Question: When did New Zealand achieve self-government? Answer: after 1900
Context: Portugal has considerable resources of wind and river power, the two most cost-effective renewable sources. Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been a trend towards the development of a renewable resource industry and reduction of both consumption and use of fossil fuel resources. In 2006, the world's largest solar power plant at that date, the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station, began operating near Moura, in the south, while the world's first commercial wave power farm, the Aguçadoura Wave Farm, opened in the Norte region (2008). By the end of 2006, 66% of the country's electrical production was from coal and fuel power plants, while 29% were derived from hydroelectric dams, and 6% by wind energy. Question: What are the two most considerable sources of renewable energy in Portugal? Answer: wind and river power Question: Where was Moura Photovoltaic Power Station located? Answer: Moura, in the south Question: Where was the Agucadoura Wave Farm located? Answer: Norte region Question: By the end of 2006, what percentage of Portugal's energy production was from renewable sources? Answer: 29%
Context: The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937, then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops, and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI. Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme. The two organ cases, designed in the late 19th century by John Loughborough Pearson, were re-instated and coloured in 1959. Question: Who built the organ? Answer: Harrison & Harrison Question: When was the organ built? Answer: 1937 Question: When was the organ first used? Answer: the coronation of King George VI Question: What was included in the new organ from the previous Hill organ of 1848? Answer: pipework Question: Who designed the two organ cases? Answer: John Loughborough Pearson Question: Who destroyed the organ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the organ destroyed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the organ last used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was included in the new organ from the previous Hill organ of 1948? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who designed the three organ cases? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organisations. Legislation across the world prohibit child labour. These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, family duties, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, some forms of child work common among indigenous American children, and others. Question: What does child labour deprive children of? Answer: deprives children of their childhood Question: Are child artists an exception to the laws with regards to child labour? Answer: exceptions include work by child artists Question: Is work done by Amish children an exception? Answer: work such as those by Amish children Question: Where is there legislation that prohibits child labour? Answer: Legislation across the world Question: Is all work done by children considered to be child labour? Answer: These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour
Context: Another misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour. When defining the dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was completely prevented from contracting Original Sin in view of the foreseen merits of Jesus Christ, the Savior of the human race. In Luke 1:47, Mary proclaims: "My spirit has rejoiced in God my Saviour." This is referred to as Mary's pre-redemption by Christ. Since the Second Council of Orange against semi-pelagianism, the Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the Garden of Eden and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless. Question: What did Mary supposedly not require that everyone else also required and why was this so ? Answer: Another misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour Question: What was explained by the man Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti who later became leader of the Holy Roman Church ? Answer: dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime Question: What is the child of Mary known to be famous for according to Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti ? Answer: Jesus Christ, the Savior of the human race. Question: According to the teaching of the Catholic religion is a savior for the world needed ? Answer: Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the Garden of Eden and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless. Question: Why did Mary not need a Savior? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said that Mary was cleansed after sin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is referred to as Mary's redemption by Christ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said that if humans had never sinned they would not need God's grace? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Prussia emerged from the war as a great power whose importance could no longer be challenged. Frederick the Great’s personal reputation was enormously enhanced, as his debt to fortune (Russia’s volte-face after Elizabeth’s death) and to the British subsidy were soon forgotten while the memory of his energy and his military genius was strenuously kept alive. Russia, on the other hand, made one great invisible gain from the war: the elimination of French influence in Poland. The First Partition of Poland (1772) was to be a Russo-Prussian transaction, with Austria only reluctantly involved and with France simply ignored. Question: What did the war do for the reputation of Frederick the Great? Answer: Frederick the Great’s personal reputation was enormously enhanced Question: What was the general opinion of Frederick the Great military acumen? Answer: his military genius was strenuously kept alive Question: What good fortune from Russia assisted Frederick the Great? Answer: Russia’s volte-face Question: What gain did Russia make from the results of the war? Answer: Russia, on the other hand, made one great invisible gain from the war: the elimination of French influence in Poland Question: What countries were party to The First Partition of Poland? Answer: a Russo-Prussian transaction, with Austria only reluctantly involved
Context: Following the death of Husayn, Ibn al-Zubayr, although remaining in Mecca, was associated with two opposition movements, one centered in Medina and the other around Kharijites in Basra and Arabia. Because Medina had been home to Muhammad and his family, including Husayn, word of his death and the imprisonment of his family led to a large opposition movement. In 683, Yazid dispatched an army to subdue both movements. The army suppressed the Medinese opposition at the Battle of al-Harrah. The Grand Mosque in Medina was severely damaged and widespread pillaging caused deep-seated dissent. Yazid's army continued on and laid siege to Mecca. At some point during the siege, the Kaaba was badly damaged in a fire. The destruction of the Kaaba and Grand Mosque became a major cause for censure of the Umayyads in later histories of the period. Question: What opposition movement was based in Arabia and Basra? Answer: Kharijites Question: Who sent an army in 683 to stop the opposition movements? Answer: Yazid Question: In what battle was the Medinese opposition movement defeated? Answer: Battle of al-Harrah Question: Where is the Kaaba located? Answer: Mecca Question: How many opposition movements was Husayn associated with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What mosque in Medina was repaired? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What army laid siege to Arabia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What became a cause for the celebration of the Umayyads in later histories? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who dispatched an army to help the opposition movements? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Madonna starred as Breathless Mahoney in the film Dick Tracy (1990), with Warren Beatty playing the title role. Her performance led to a Saturn Award nomination for Best Actress. To accompany the film, she released the soundtrack album, I'm Breathless, which included songs inspired by the film's 1930s setting. It also featured the US number-one hit "Vogue" and "Sooner or Later", which earned songwriter Stephen Sondheim an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1991. While shooting the film, Madonna began a relationship with Beatty, which dissolved by the end of 1990. In April 1990, Madonna began her Blond Ambition World Tour, which was held until August. Rolling Stone called it an "elaborately choreographed, sexually provocative extravaganza" and proclaimed it "the best tour of 1990". The tour generated strong negative reaction from religious groups for her performance of "Like a Virgin", during which two male dancers caressed her body before she simulated masturbation. In response, Madonna said, "The tour in no way hurts anybody's sentiments. It's for open minds and gets them to see sexuality in a different way. Their own and others". The Laserdisc release of the tour won Madonna a Grammy Award in 1992 for Best Long Form Music Video. Question: In the film Dick Tracy, who did Madonna starred as? Answer: Breathless Mahoney Question: Madonna's role in Dick Tracy led to which award nomination? Answer: Saturn Award Question: Who earned an Academy Award for the song "Vogue" and "Sooner or Later?" Answer: Stephen Sondheim Question: Who did Madonna have a relationship with while shooting the film? Answer: Beatty Question: When did Madonna and Beatty's relationship end? Answer: end of 1990
Context: Phage therapy is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria. The way that researchers are doing this is by infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, also known simply as phages, are precisely bacterial viruses that infect bacteria by disrupting pathogenic bacterium lytic cycles. By disrupting the lytic cycles of bacterium, phages destroy their metabolism, which eventually results in the cell's death. Phages will insert their DNA into the bacterium, allowing their DNA to be transcribed. Once their DNA is transcribed the cell will proceed to make new phages and as soon as they are ready to be released, the cell will lyse. One of the worries about using phages to fight pathogens is that the phages will infect "good" bacteria, or the bacteria that are important in the everyday function of human beings. However, studies have proven that phages are very specific when they target bacteria, which makes researchers confident that bacteriophage therapy is the definite route to defeating antibiotic resistant bacteria. Question: What has been talked about to treat resistant bacteria? Answer: Phage therapy Question: How have researchers been doing this? Answer: infecting pathogenic bacteria Question: What is a worry of using phages? Answer: phages will infect "good" bacteria Question: What has been talked about to treat bateriophages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How have bacterium been doing this? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a worry of using DNA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What makes researchers confident that phages fight pathogens? Answer: Unanswerable Question: By what method do phages destroy antibiotics? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6). Question: In the revision of Article 29, what was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory? Answer: the Federal Territory must be revised Question: How much of the population must have been in favor of the revision? Answer: one tenth Question: What was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed? Answer: a referendum Question: Which paragraph stated that reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force? Answer: paragraph 6 Question: Who addressed an issue if the premiers came to an agreement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which article was used to avoid a provision for new delimitation of territory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: People were allowed to petition for a revision as long as they had what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What fraction of people voted in Bundestag elections? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who could introduce a bill even if the affected territories did not vote for a change? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Galicia has a surface area of 29,574 square kilometres (11,419 sq mi). Its northernmost point, at 43°47′N, is Estaca de Bares (also the northernmost point of Spain); its southernmost, at 41°49′N, is on the Portuguese border in the Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés Natural Park. The easternmost longitude is at 6°42′W on the border between the province of Ourense and the Castilian-Leonese province of Zamora) its westernmost at 9°18′W, reached in two places: the A Nave Cape in Fisterra (also known as Finisterre), and Cape Touriñán, both in the province of A Coruña. Question: What is Galicia's surface area in sq/km? Answer: 29,574 Question: What is its northernmost point? Answer: Estaca de Bares Question: And its southernmost? Answer: Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés
Context: Others have rejected that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception exists in Islam, the Quranic account does not confirm the Immaculate Conception exclusively for Mary as in Islam every human child is born pure and immaculate, her sinless birth is thus independent of the Christian docrtrine of original sin as no such doctrine exists in Islam. Moreover, Hannah's prayer in the Quran for her child to remain protected from Satan (Shayṭān) was said after it had already been born, not before and expresses a natural concern any righteous parent would have. The Muslim tradition or hadith, which states that the only children born without the "touch of Satan," were Mary and Jesus. should therefore not be taken in isolation from the Quran, and is to be interpreted within the specific context of exonerating Mary and her child from the charges that were made against them and is not a general statement. The specific mention of Mary and Jesus in this hadith may also be taken to represent a class of people, in keeping with the Arabic language and the Quranic verse [O Satan] surely thou shalt have no power over My servants, except such of the erring ones as choose to follow thee (15:42) Question: Does everyone agree on the credit that should be given for the story of Mary's inception ? Answer: Others have rejected that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception exists in Islam Question: What does the book of Muslim faith state in regards to how every person is born ? Answer: in Islam every human child is born pure and immaculate Question: Does this view contradict the belief that Mary was also born to a virgin mother ? Answer: her sinless birth is thus independent of the Christian docrtrine of original sin as no such doctrine exists in Islam Question: What view did the Qua-ran take on the sinful ways in which Mary could have been conceived ? Answer: Muslim tradition or hadith, which states that the only children born without the "touch of Satan," were Mary and Jesus. Question: What is the name of the prayer that is listed in the Qua-ran is used to enact a safeguard on kids from the the devil ? Answer: Hannah's prayer in the Quran for her child to remain protected from Satan Question: How does the Qur\an confirm the Immaculat Conception of Mary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Qur'an say is dependent on Christian doctrine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Mary pray for her child to remain protected from Satan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What exonerates Mary and Jesus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who does the hadith refer to as servents? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies. A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio, and others. In the early twentieth century Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo, and Viale della Libertà. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile. The Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old Rutelli Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897. Question: Who was blamed for the week long rebellion of 1866? Answer: anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo Question: Which families help to start cultural, industrial, and economic growth in Palermo? Answer: Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio Question: In what style were the villas in the new expanded Palermo? Answer: Art Nouveau Question: Which theatre was designed by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile ans opened in 1897? Answer: Teatro Massimo Question: Who prefered the Savoia kingdom to independence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the seat of a rebellion in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What crushed the 18th century rebellion in Palermo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What government enacted pro-sicilian policies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Palermo expand to in the early 2000's? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796 as the 16th state. It was the first state created from territory under the jurisdiction of the United States federal government. Apart from the former Thirteen Colonies only Vermont and Kentucky predate Tennessee's statehood, and neither was ever a federal territory. The state boundaries, according to the Constitution of the State of Tennessee, Article I, Section 31, stated that the beginning point for identifying the boundary was the extreme height of the Stone Mountain, at the place where the line of Virginia intersects it, and basically ran the extreme heights of mountain chains through the Appalachian Mountains separating North Carolina from Tennessee past the Indian towns of Cowee and Old Chota, thence along the main ridge of the said mountain (Unicoi Mountain) to the southern boundary of the state; all the territory, lands and waters lying west of said line are included in the boundaries and limits of the newly formed state of Tennessee. Part of the provision also stated that the limits and jurisdiction of the state would include future land acquisition, referencing possible land trade with other states, or the acquisition of territory from west of the Mississippi River. Question: Which state was the first formed out of federally controlled territory? Answer: Tennessee Question: In addition to the original thirteen, which two states were admitted to the union before Tennessee? Answer: Vermont and Kentucky Question: Which mountain marked the starting point of the Tennessee border described by the state constitution? Answer: Stone Mountain Question: When Tennessee's border was first defined, territory west of which river was considered for future annexation? Answer: Mississippi River
Context: The first military unit of the Ottoman State was an army that was organized by Osman I from the tribesmen inhabiting the hills of western Anatolia in the late 13th century. The military system became an intricate organization with the advance of the Empire. The Ottoman military was a complex system of recruiting and fief-holding. The main corps of the Ottoman Army included Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân. The Ottoman army was once among the most advanced fighting forces in the world, being one of the first to use muskets and cannons. The Ottoman Turks began using falconets, which were short but wide cannons, during the Siege of Constantinople. The Ottoman cavalry depended on high speed and mobility rather than heavy armour, using bows and short swords on fast Turkoman and Arabian horses (progenitors of the Thoroughbred racing horse), and often applied tactics similar to those of the Mongol Empire, such as pretending to retreat while surrounding the enemy forces inside a crescent-shaped formation and then making the real attack. The decline in the army's performance became clear from the mid-17th century and after the Great Turkish War. The 18th century saw some limited success against Venice, but in the north the European-style Russian armies forced the Ottomans to concede land. Question: In what century did the first Osman I organized military unit form? Answer: 13th century Question: From where did tribesmen that formed a unit organized by Osman I originate? Answer: the hills of western Anatolia Question: There were four corps of the Ottoman Army, what were they? Answer: Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân Question: The Ottoman army was among the first to use what two pieces of weapons technology? Answer: muskets and cannons Question: In what conflict did the Ottoman Turks use falconets? Answer: Siege of Constantinople
Context: From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed (canon xv): "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics." The decree of the Council of Trent is worded more mildly: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting. Question: Who has hunting been forbidden to since early Christian times? Answer: Roman Catholic Church clerics Question: Who forbid to all servants of God hunting? Answer: Corpus Juris Canonici Question: What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under? Answer: Pope Innocent III Question: What does the decree of the Council of Trent imply? Answer: not all hunting is illicit Question: What type of hunting is unlawful? Answer: clamorosa Question: Who was forbidden to hunt in early Christian time? Answer: Roman Catholic Church clerics Question: What forbid hunting in the woods with hounds and keeping hawks or falcons? Answer: Corpus Juris Canonici Question: Who held the Fourth Council of the Lateran? Answer: Pope Innocent III Question: How is the the decree of the Council of Trent is worded? Answer: mildly Question: Who stated quiet hunting is allowed? Answer: Council of Trent Question: What kinds of birds were kept by Pope Innocent III? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of hunting was legal under the Corpus Juris Canonici? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Council of Trent decree forbid servants of God from taking expeditions through the woods with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What pope was the decree of the Council of Trent held under? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Corpus Juris Canonici imply to differentiate between types of hunting? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says "Eamus Catuli!" which is Latin for "Let's Go Cubs!" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini. Question: Where is Wrigley Field located? Answer: Chicago's Lake View neighborhood Question: What is the area surrounding the ballpark typically referred to? Answer: Wrigleyville Question: What have many apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field built on their rooftops? Answer: bleachers
Context: Symbiotic relationships include those associations in which one organism lives on another (ectosymbiosis, such as mistletoe), or where one partner lives inside the other (endosymbiosis, such as lactobacilli and other bacteria in humans or Symbiodinium in corals). Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment of the organisms; symbiosis in which the organisms have bodily union is called conjunctive symbiosis, and symbiosis in which they are not in union is called disjunctive symbiosis. Question: What is an example of ectosymbiosis? Answer: mistletoe Question: What is it called when the organisms are not physically joined? Answer: disjunctive symbiosis Question: What is it called when one symbiont lives within its partner? Answer: endosymbiosis Question: What organism lives in a state of both ectosymbiosis and endosymbiosis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organism demonstrates disjunctive symbiosis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organism demonstrates conjunctive symbiosis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is it called when one symbiont lives within and has a bodily union with its partner? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is it when an organism was once in a state of conjunctive symbiosis and is now no longer in union? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On May 15, 2008 Geoffery York of the Globeandmail.com reported that the shoddily constructed buildings are commonly called "tofu buildings" because builders cut corners by replacing steel rods with thin iron wires for concrete re-inforcement; using inferior grade cement, if any at all; and using fewer bricks than they should. One local was quoted in the article as saying that "the supervising agencies did not check to see if it met the national standards." Question: Why are the buildings so shoddily built? Answer: builders cut corners Question: What did builder's use in place of steel rods as re-inforcement? Answer: thin iron wires Question: Who was supposed to inspect building to see if they met national standards? Answer: supervising agencies
Context: Following the success of Le Journal de Mickey (1934–44), dedicated comics magazines and full-colour comics albums became the primary outlet for comics in the mid-20th century. As in the US, at the time comics were seen as infantile and a threat to culture and literacy; commentators stated that "none bear up to the slightest serious analysis",[c] and that comics were "the sabotage of all art and all literature".[d] Question: In the United States in the middle of the 20th century comics were seen as a risk to culture and what? Answer: literacy Question: What was seen as "infantile" in the United States? Answer: comics Question: Comics were quoted as a sabotage of art and what? Answer: literature Question: In the United States in the middle of the 19th century comics were seen as a risk to culture and what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the United States in the middle of the 20th century comics were seen as a boon to culture and what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was seen as sophisticated reading in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Comics were quoted as a product of art and what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Comics were quoted as a sabotage of writing and what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 1930s, record companies began issuing collections of 78 rpm records by one performer or of one type of music in specially assembled albums, typically with artwork on the front cover and liner notes on the back or inside cover. Most albums included three or four records, with two sides each, making six or eight tunes per album. When the 12-inch vinyl LP era began in 1949, the single record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and was still often referred to as an "album". Question: When were albums as we currently know them widely released? Answer: 1930s Question: What is typically found on the front cover of an album? Answer: artwork Question: How may records were commonly found in an album? Answer: three or four Question: When did the vinyl LP records Era begin? Answer: 1949 Question: How many songs did most albums contain? Answer: six or eight
Context: In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest, similar to the English Magna Carta's Habeas corpus, known from its own Latin name as "neminem captivabimus (nisi jure victum)." Henceforth no member of the nobility could be imprisoned without a warrant from a court of justice: the king could neither punish nor imprison any noble at his whim. King Władysław's quid pro quo for this boon was the nobles' guarantee that his throne would be inherited by one of his sons (who would be bound to honour the privileges theretofore granted to the nobility). On May 2, 1447 the same king issued the Wilno Privilege which gave the Lithuanian boyars the same rights as those possessed by the Polish szlachta. Question: Where did the confirmation of privileges of Jedlnia take place? Answer: at Kraków in 1433 Question: WHat was the privileges of jedlnia based mostly off of? Answer: Brześć Kujawski privilege Question: What was simliar to the english magna cartas habeas corpus? Answer: nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest Question: What does a court need to imprison a member of the nobility? Answer: warrant from a court of justice Question: What was the nobles guarantee that his throne would be inherited by his sons? Answer: King Władysław's quid pro quo for this boon
Context: In October 2014, it was announced that Beyoncé with her management company Parkwood Entertainment would be partnering with London-based fashion retailer Topshop, in a new 50/50 split subsidiary business named Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd. The new division was created for Topshop to break into the activewear market, with an athletic, street wear brand being produced. "Creating a partnership with Beyoncé, one of the most hard-working and talented people in the world, who spends many hours of her life dancing, rehearsing and training is a unique opportunity to develop this category" stated Sir Philip Green on the partnership. The company and collection is set to launch and hit stores in the fall of 2015. Question: Who did Bayonce's management go into business with in 2014? Answer: fashion retailer Topshop Question: After their agreement together, Beyonce's and Topshop" new business was called what? Answer: Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd Question: What type of clothing does Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd produce? Answer: activewear Question: The company and products were set to be in stores when? Answer: fall of 2015 Question: Who did Beyonce partner with in London? Answer: Topshop Question: When will the new line launch? Answer: 2015 Question: What is the name of Beyoncé's management company? Answer: Parkwood Entertainment Question: Who did Beyoncé and Parkwood Entertainment partner with in October 2014? Answer: Topshop Question: Where is Topshop located? Answer: London Question: What was the new division of Topshop because of the partnership? Answer: activewear
Context: There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For example, mahogany is a medium-dense hardwood that is excellent for fine furniture crafting, whereas balsa is light, making it useful for model building. One of the densest woods is black ironwood. Question: What kind of relationship exists between a tree's properties and its wood's properties? Answer: strong Question: What property of wood varies according to species? Answer: density Question: What property of wood has a correlation to its density? Answer: strength Question: Is mahogany a hardwood or a softwood? Answer: hardwood Question: What hobby is balsa wood often used for? Answer: model building
Context: Therapsids descended from pelycosaurs in the Middle Permian, about 265 million years ago, and became the dominant land vertebrates. They differ from basal eupelycosaurs in several features of the skull and jaws, including: larger temporal fenestrae and incisors which are equal in size. The therapsid lineage leading to mammals went through a series of stages, beginning with animals that were very like their pelycosaur ancestors and ending with probainognathian cynodonts, some of which could easily be mistaken for mammals. Those stages were characterized by: Question: From which dinosaur group did Therapsids descend from? Answer: pelycosaurs Question: Around what time did Therapsids become the dominant land animal? Answer: 265 million years ago Question: At which group did Therapsids end with? Answer: probainognathian cynodonts Question: When did basal eupelycosaurs descend from pelycosaurs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the therapsid lineage do in the Middle Permian, 265 million years ago? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do Probainognathian cynodonts differ from the therapsid lineage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some characteristics that show how mammals differ from pelycosaurs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What animal was at the end stage of the Middle Permian? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The difficult question is whether federal judicial power extends to formulating binding precedent through strict adherence to the rule of stare decisis. This is where the act of deciding a case becomes a limited form of lawmaking in itself, in that an appellate court's rulings will thereby bind itself and lower courts in future cases (and therefore also impliedly binds all persons within the court's jurisdiction). Prior to a major change to federal court rules in 2007, about one-fifth of federal appellate cases were published and thereby became binding precedents, while the rest were unpublished and bound only the parties to each case. Question: What is used to determine whether federal judicial power extends to formulating binding precedent? Answer: stare decisis Question: What is stare decisis? Answer: the act of deciding a case becomes a limited form of lawmaking in itself Question: Why is stare decisis a limited form of lawmaking? Answer: an appellate court's rulings will thereby bind itself and lower courts in future cases Question: Who else does stare decisis affect? Answer: impliedly binds all persons within the court's jurisdiction Question: Formulating judicial power is done by following what rule? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What fraction of federal appellate cases were published in 2007? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did federal appellate cases begin to be published? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do decisions made by lower courts bind? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who are unaffected by stare decisis? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Current circulating in one antenna generally induces a voltage across the feedpoint of nearby antennas or antenna elements. The mathematics presented below are useful in analyzing the electrical behaviour of antenna arrays, where the properties of the individual array elements (such as half wave dipoles) are already known. If those elements were widely separated and driven in a certain amplitude and phase, then each would act independently as that element is known to. However, because of the mutual interaction between their electric and magnetic fields due to proximity, the currents in each element are not simply a function of the applied voltage (according to its driving point impedance), but depend on the currents in the other nearby elements. Note that this now is a near field phenomenon which could not be properly accounted for using the Friis transmission equation for instance. Question: Where are the indiviual array elements known? Answer: antenna arrays Question: What induces a feedpoint to antennas nearby? Answer: Current circulating Question: What are the mathmatic useful towards? Answer: electrical behaviour Question: What cause mutual interactions between the elements electric and magnetic fields? Answer: proximity
Context: From earliest days, Virginia, and Richmond in particular, have welcomed live theatrical performances. From Lewis Hallam's early productions of Shakespeare in Williamsburg, the focus shifted to Richmond's antebellum prominence as a main colonial and early 19th century performance venue for such celebrated American and English actors as William Macready, Edwin Forrest, and the Booth family. In the 20th century, Richmonders' love of theater continued with many amateur troupes and regular touring professional productions. In the 1960s a small renaissance or golden age accompanied the growth of professional dinner theaters and the fostering of theater by the Virginia Museum, reaching a peak in the 1970s with the establishment of a resident Equity company at the Virginia Museum Theater (now the Leslie Cheek) and the birth of Theatre IV, a company that continues to this day. Question: In what city did Lewis Hallam present Shakespeare's plays? Answer: Williamsburg Question: What family of actors notably performed in 19th century Richmond? Answer: Booth Question: What is Virginia Museum Theater known as today? Answer: Leslie Cheek Question: During what decade did the Virginia Museum most significantly work to promote theater in Richmond? Answer: 1970s
Context: The city and surrounding area suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks when 10 of the 19 terrorists associated with Al-Qaeda piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center and United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower of the World Trade Center, and later destroyed them, killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers who were in the towers and in the surrounding area. The rebuilding of the area, has created a new One World Trade Center, and a 9/11 memorial and museum along with other new buildings and infrastructure. The World Trade Center PATH station, which opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal, was also destroyed in the attack. A temporary station was built and opened on November 23, 2003. A permanent station, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, is currently under construction. The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere and the fourth-tallest building in the world by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet (541.3 m) in reference to the year of American independence. Question: What was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center's North Tower on September 11, 2001? Answer: American Airlines Flight 11 Question: What was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center's South Tower on September 11, 2001? Answer: United Airlines Flight 175 Question: How many firefighters died in the World Trade Center attack? Answer: 343 Question: On what date did the World Trade Center PATH begin operation? Answer: July 19, 1909 Question: How tall is One World Trade Center in meters? Answer: 541.3 Question: The Hudson Terminal which was also demolished was build in what year? Answer: 1909 Question: How many leader terrorists of Al Quada were involved with the 9/11 attacks directly that day? Answer: 10 Question: What was the plane named that crashed into the World Trade Center? Answer: American Airlines Flight 11
Context: Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. By 1910, Seattle was one of the 25 largest cities in the country. However, the Great Depression severely damaged the city's economy. Growth returned during and after World War II, due partially to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region. In 1994 the Internet retail giant Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000. Question: To what golden event was Seattle the portal? Answer: Klondike Gold Rush Question: In what area was the Klondike Gold Rush located? Answer: Alaska Question: What was Seattle's first primary money maker? Answer: Logging Question: What was the airplane company that helped Seattle return to economic stability? Answer: Boeing Question: Which large technology giant established its home base in Seattle? Answer: Microsoft
Context: The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw. The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 minutes, in the quake almost 80% of buildings were destroyed. Question: Where was the epicenter? Answer: Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture Question: How long did the earthquake last? Answer: 2 minutes Question: What percentage of buildings were destroyed? Answer: 80% Question: What was the magnitude of the earthquake? Answer: 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw Question: How long did the main tremor last? Answer: 2 minutes Question: What percentage of buildings were destroyed during the quake? Answer: almost 80%
Context: The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "political" as it had real implications for governance. This view was challenged by the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers, who held a more Hellenic view, reason above revelation, and as such are known to modern scholars as the first speculative theologians of Islam; they were supported by a secular aristocracy who sought freedom of action independent of the Caliphate. By the late ancient period, however, the "traditionalist" Asharite view of Islam had in general triumphed. According to the Asharites, reason must be subordinate to the Quran and the Sunna. Question: What strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region? Answer: The rise of Islam Question: What emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion? Answer: Early Islamic philosophy Question: Who challenged the early Islamic philosophy's views? Answer: the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers Question: What type of views did the "rationalist" Mutaziite philosophers hold? Answer: Hellenic view Question: What help to balance the power in the Mediterranean region? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What early philosophy emphasize a separation between science and religion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What philosophers placed revelation above reason? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were the first theologies of Islam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said the Koran must be subordinate to reason? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What focused on a link between reason and freedom of action? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The rise of what was based on modern scholars views and science? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group challenged the Hellenic view of Islam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What must reason be subordinate to according to Mutazilite philosophers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What process did speculative theologians use to find truth? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The 132nd Street Community Garden is located on 132nd Street between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard and Malcolm X Boulevard. In 1997, the lot received a garden makeover; the Borough President's office funded the installation of a $100,000 water distribution system that keeps the wide variety of trees green. The garden also holds a goldfish pond and several benches. The spirit of the neighborhood lives in gardens like this one, planted and tended by local residents. Question: Who takes care of the 132nd Street Community Garden? Answer: local residents Question: The 132nd Street Community Garden is located between Malcom X Boulevard and what other Boulevard? Answer: Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Question: In which year did the garden receive a makover with a water distribution system? Answer: 1997 Question: Who funded the 132nd Street Community Garden's water distribution system? Answer: Borough President's office Question: How much did the 132nd Street Community Garden's water distribution system cost? Answer: $100,000
Context: The AEA's work progressed to heavier-than-air machines, applying their knowledge of kites to gliders. Moving to Hammondsport, the group then designed and built the Red Wing, framed in bamboo and covered in red silk and powered by a small air-cooled engine. On March 12, 1908, over Keuka Lake, the biplane lifted off on the first public flight in North America.[N 24] [N 25] The innovations that were incorporated into this design included a cockpit enclosure and tail rudder (later variations on the original design would add ailerons as a means of control). One of the AEA's inventions, a practical wingtip form of the aileron, was to become a standard component on all aircraft. [N 26] The White Wing and June Bug were to follow and by the end of 1908, over 150 flights without mishap had been accomplished. However, the AEA had depleted its initial reserves and only a $15,000 grant from Mrs. Bell allowed it to continue with experiments. Lt. Selfridge had also become the first person killed in a powered heavier-than-air flight in a crash of the Wright Flyer at Fort Myer, Virginia, on September 17, 1908. Question: What did the AEA work on after kites? Answer: gliders Question: What material was the Red Wing's frame made of? Answer: bamboo Question: What kind of plane was the Red Wing? Answer: biplane Question: How many accident-free flights had the AEA taken by 1909? Answer: 150 Question: Who was the first person to die in a plane crash? Answer: Selfridge
Context: The province is traditionally known as the "Land of Fish and Rice". True to its name, rice is the main crop, followed by wheat; north Zhejiang is also a center of aquaculture in China, and the Zhoushan fishery is the largest fishery in the country. The main cash crops include jute and cotton, and the province also leads the provinces of China in tea production. (The renowned Longjing tea is a product of Hangzhou.) Zhejiang's towns have been known for handicraft production of goods such as silk, for which it is ranked second among the provinces. Its many market towns connect the cities with the countryside. Question: What is the province traditionally known as? Answer: Land of Fish and Rice Question: What is the main crop of the province? Answer: rice Question: What is the second main crop of the province? Answer: wheat Question: What part of Zhejiang is a center of aquaculture in China? Answer: north Zhejiang Question: What is the largest fishery in the country? Answer: Zhoushan fishery Question: What is the province never known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't the main crop of the province? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the least main crop of the province? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What part of Zhejiang is not a center of aquaculture in China? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the smallest fishery in the country? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Music, photos and videos can be played from standard USB mass storage devices, Xbox 360 proprietary storage devices (such as memory cards or Xbox 360 hard drives), and servers or computers with Windows Media Center or Windows XP with Service pack 2 or higher within the local-area network in streaming mode. As the Xbox 360 uses a modified version of the UPnP AV protocol, some alternative UPnP servers such as uShare (part of the GeeXboX project) and MythTV can also stream media to the Xbox 360, allowing for similar functionality from non-Windows servers. This is possible with video files up to HD-resolution and with several codecs (MPEG-2, MPEG-4, WMV) and container formats (WMV, MOV, TS). Question: What PC operating system is required to stream content to a 360? Answer: Windows XP with Service pack 2 or higher Question: What modified AV protocol does the 360 utilize? Answer: UPnP Question: What codecs are supported for 360 streaming from uShare? Answer: MPEG-2, MPEG-4, WMV Question: What video formats are supported for UPnP streaming? Answer: WMV, MOV, TS Question: A Service pack 2 or higher prevents what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of server does a Windows XP have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is MythTV part of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which formats does UPnP not support? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The service pack number needs to be lower than what to work with Xbox 360? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Several campus safety strategies have been pioneered at Yale. The first campus police force was founded at Yale in 1894, when the university contracted city police officers to exclusively cover the campus. Later hired by the university, the officers were originally brought in to quell unrest between students and city residents and curb destructive student behavior. In addition to the Yale Police Department, a variety of safety services are available including blue phones, a safety escort, and 24-hour shuttle service. Question: When were the first campus police formed at Yale? Answer: 1894 Question: Who were the the first campus police composed of? Answer: city police officers Question: Why was the campus police established? Answer: quell unrest between students and city residents Question: What other safety measures are available at Yale besides campus police? Answer: blue phones, a safety escort, and 24-hour shuttle service. Question: When were the last campus police formed at Yale? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the first campus police fired at Yale? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were the the last campus police composed of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why was the campus police disbanded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other safety measures are unavailable at Yale besides campus police? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Apollo as a handsome beardless young man, is often depicted with a kithara (as Apollo Citharoedus) or bow in his hand, or reclining on a tree (the Apollo Lykeios and Apollo Sauroctonos types). The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century. The marble is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares, made between 350 and 325 BCE. Question: Who is often depicted with a kithara or bow in his hand? Answer: Apollo Question: What is the name of a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century? Answer: The Apollo Belvedere Question: Who made the Apollo Belvedere? Answer: Leochares Question: When did Leochares make The Apollo Belvedere? Answer: between 350 and 325 BCE
Context: Thus, the languages mentioned above (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Greek) have old terms for "green" which are derived from words for fresh, sprouting vegetation. However, comparative linguistics makes clear that these terms were coined independently, over the past few millennia, and there is no identifiable single Proto-Indo-European or word for "green". For example, the Slavic zelenъ is cognate with Sanskrit hari "yellow, ochre, golden". The Turkic languages also have jašɨl "green" or "yellowish green", compared to a Mongolian word for "meadow". Question: Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek all has old terms for "green" which are derived from words for what? Answer: fresh, sprouting vegetation Question: How were the terms for "green" derived in the Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek languages? Answer: independently Question: Which language has a word for "green" that is comparable to a Mongolian word for "meadow"? Answer: Turkic Question: What is the Mongolian word for meadow? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What languages have a single root word for green? Answer: Unanswerable Question: "Hari" is Turkish for what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Germanic word for green? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Sanskrit word means green? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Southern Italy was also part of the Norman kingdom but great mosaics did not survive in this area except the fine mosaic pavement of the Otranto Cathedral from 1166, with mosaics tied into a tree of life, mostly still preserved. The scenes depict biblical characters, warrior kings, medieval beasts, allegories of the months and working activity. Only fragments survived from the original mosaic decoration of Amalfi's Norman Cathedral. The mosaic ambos in the churches of Ravello prove that mosaic art was widespread in Southern Italy during the 11th–13th centuries. Question: What region of italy was part of the Norman empire? Answer: Southern Question: The only surviving mosaic from Norman held souther Italy is what? Answer: pavement of the Otranto Cathedral Question: The mosaics in churches of Ravello prove what? Answer: mosaic art was widespread Question: What survives from the mosaics of Amalfi's Norman Cathedral? Answer: Only fragments Question: What year were the mosaic pavements installed at the Otranto Cathedral? Answer: 1166
Context: In the UK, Italy and Australia which share the PAL A region, two versions of the NES were released; the "Mattel Version" and "NES Version". When the NES was first released in those countries, it was distributed by Mattel and Nintendo decided to use a lockout chip specific to those countries, different from the chip used in other European countries. When Nintendo took over European distribution in 1990, they produced consoles that were then labelled "NES Version"; therefore, the only differences between the two are the text on the front flap and texture on the top/bottom of the casing. Question: Which company distributed the NES to the UK, Italy, and Australia? Answer: Mattel Question: When did Nintendo take over European distribution? Answer: 1990 Question: Which three countries share the PAL A region? Answer: UK, Italy and Australia Question: What two versions of the NES were released in the UK, Italy, and Australia? Answer: "Mattel Version" and "NES Version" Question: Which company didn't distribute the NES to the UK, Italy, and Australia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Nintendo take over Asian distribution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which three countries share the PAL B region? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two versions of the NES were released in the UK, France, and Spain? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Several countries have established their national churches, linking the ecclesiastical structure with the state. Jurisdictions where a Protestant denomination has been established as a state religion include several Nordic countries; Denmark (including Greenland), the Faroe Islands (its church being independent since 2007), Iceland and Norway have established Evangelical Lutheran churches. Tuvalu has the only established church in Reformed tradition in the world, while Tonga—in the Methodist tradition. The Church of England is the officially established religious institution in England, and also the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. Question: What do national churches bring together? Answer: the ecclesiastical structure with the state Question: How long has the Faroe Islands church been independent? Answer: since 2007 Question: Who has the only Reformed church? Answer: Tuvalu Question: Who is the head church of the Anglican Communion? Answer: The Church of England Question: What type of church does Tonga have? Answer: Methodist
Context: John's lack of religious conviction has been noted by contemporary chroniclers and later historians, with some suspecting that John was at best impious, or even atheistic, a very serious issue at the time. Contemporary chroniclers catalogued his various anti-religious habits at length, including his failure to take communion, his blasphemous remarks, and his witty but scandalous jokes about church doctrine, including jokes about the implausibility of the Resurrection. They commented on the paucity of John's charitable donations to the church. Historian Frank McLynn argues that John's early years at Fontevrault, combined with his relatively advanced education, may have turned him against the church. Other historians have been more cautious in interpreting this material, noting that chroniclers also reported John's personal interest in the life of St Wulfstan of Worcester and his friendships with several senior clerics, most especially with Hugh of Lincoln, who was later declared a saint. Financial records show a normal royal household engaged in the usual feasts and pious observances – albeit with many records showing John's offerings to the poor to atone for routinely breaking church rules and guidance. The historian Lewis Warren has argued that the chronicler accounts were subject to considerable bias and the King was "at least conventionally devout," citing his pilgrimages and interest in religious scripture and commentaries. Question: Historians suspected that John was at best what? Answer: impious Question: Who was later declared a saint? Answer: Hugh of Lincoln Question: Many records showed what? Answer: John's offerings to the poor
Context: For fortification, however, a 2003 review recommended zinc oxide in cereals as cheap, stable, and as easily absorbed as more expensive forms. A 2005 study found that various compounds of zinc, including oxide and sulfate, did not show statistically significant differences in absorption when added as fortificants to maize tortillas. A 1987 study found that zinc picolinate was better absorbed than zinc gluconate or zinc citrate. However, a study published in 2008 determined that zinc glycinate is the best absorbed of the four dietary supplement types available. Question: Zinc oxide is used to fortify what product? Answer: cereals Question: In what product did various compounds of zinc show little difference in absorption? Answer: maize tortillas Question: What compound is better absorbed than zinc gluconate? Answer: zinc picolinate Question: What is the best absorbed dietary zinc compound? Answer: zinc glycinate Question: What product is zinc oxide used to taint? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What product did various compounds of zinc show massive differences in absorption? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What compound is the same as zinc gluconate in being absorbed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the only absorbed dietary zinc compound? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year had the only study regarding zinc compounds? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen articles, stated that the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality. However, based on the historical community of peoples, relations between them, given the bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the parties agreed to the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR by an overwhelming majority: 188 votes for, 6 against, 7 abstentions. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and recalled all Russian deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The legality of this act is the subject of discussions because, according to the 1978 Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian SFSR, the Russian Supreme Soviet had no right to do so. However, by this time the Soviet government had been rendered more or less impotent, and was in no position to object. Although the December 12 vote is sometimes reckoned as the moment that the RSFSR seceded from the collapsing Soviet Union, this is not the case. It appears that the RSFSR took the line that it was not possible to secede from an entity that no longer existed. Question: In what country is Viskuli located? Answer: Belarus Question: On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States signed? Answer: December 8, 1991 Question: What is another name for the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States? Answer: Belavezha Accords Question: What body ratified the Belavezha Accords on December 12? Answer: the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR Question: The Belavezha Accords consisted of how many articles? Answer: fourteen Question: In what country is Viskuli not located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States rejected? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't another name for the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What body ratified the Belavezha Accords on December 21? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What body rejected the Belavezha Accords on December 12? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Annual summer events include the Electronic Music Festival, International Jazz Festival, the Woodward Dream Cruise, the African World Festival, the country music Hoedown, Noel Night, and Dally in the Alley. Within downtown, Campus Martius Park hosts large events, including the annual Motown Winter Blast. As the world's traditional automotive center, the city hosts the North American International Auto Show. Held since 1924, America's Thanksgiving Parade is one of the nation's largest. River Days, a five-day summer festival on the International Riverfront lead up to the Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival fireworks, which draw super sized-crowds ranging from hundreds of thousands to over three million people. Question: Which parks hosts the Winter Bash? Answer: Campus Martius Park Question: Which parade started in 1924? Answer: America's Thanksgiving Parade Question: Which festival spans five days? Answer: River Days Question: Which festival draws up to 3 million people? Answer: Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival Question: What is the country music festival in Detroit called? Answer: Hoedown
Context: Three years later, as March 1865 ended, the Confederate capitol became indefensible. On March 25, Confederate General John B. Gordon's desperate attack on Fort Stedman east of Petersburg failed. On April 1, General Philip Sheridan, assigned to interdict the Southside Railroad, met brigades commanded by George Pickett at the Five Forks junction, smashing them, taking thousands of prisoners, and encouraging General Grant to order a general advance. When the Union Sixth Corps broke through Confederate lines on Boydton Plank Road south of Petersburg, Confederate casualties exceeded 5000, or about a tenth of Lee's defending army. General Lee then informed Jefferson Davis that he was about to evacuate Richmond. Question: Where was Petersburg located in relation to Ford Stedman? Answer: east Question: 5000 men represented what fraction of General Lee's army? Answer: tenth Question: On what road did the US Army Sixth Corps shatter the Confederate line? Answer: Boydton Plank Question: What general commanded the attack on Fort Stedman? Answer: John B. Gordon Question: In what month of 1865 was Richmond judged to be no longer able to be defended? Answer: March
Context: The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape. Question: What religion led to architectural changes in many Asian countries? Answer: pantheistic religion Question: Which cultures architecture showed a lot of diversity? Answer: Buddhist architecture Question: When did Hindu temple architecture begin being produced? Answer: 3rd century BCE Question: What does Hindu temple architecture try to express? Answer: the macrocosm and the microcosm Question: What is the source of the concepts in Hindu temple architecture? Answer: the Shastras Question: What type of architectural is especially known for its regional differences Answer: Buddhist Question: What kind of religious theology affected landscape related architecture in Asia? Answer: pantheistic religion Question: What religion led to architectural changes in many English countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which cultures architecture showed a lot of similarities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Muslim temple architecture begin being produced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Hindu temple architecture try to hide? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of architectural is especially known for its non-regional differences Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Interstate Highway System is officially known as the 'Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways' in his honor. It was inspired in part by Eisenhower's own Army experiences in World War II, where he recognized the advantages of the autobahn systems in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Commemorative signs reading "Eisenhower Interstate System" and bearing Eisenhower's permanent 5-star rank insignia were introduced in 1993 and are currently displayed throughout the Interstate System. Several highways are also named for him, including the Eisenhower Expressway (Interstate 290) near Chicago and the Eisenhower Tunnel on Interstate 70 west of Denver. Question: What is the formal name of the Interstate Highway System? Answer: Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways Question: Along with Germany and Switzerland, what country contained an autobahn during the Second World War? Answer: Austria Question: When were "Eisenhower Interstate System" signs first posted along highways? Answer: 1993 Question: What is another name for Eisenhower Expressway? Answer: Interstate 290 Question: What major city is Interstate 290 close to? Answer: Chicago
Context: William Henry Perkin studied and worked at the college under von Hofmann, but resigned his position after discovering the first synthetic dye, mauveine, in 1856. Perkin's discovery was prompted by his work with von Hofmann on the substance aniline, derived from coal tar, and it was this breakthrough which sparked the synthetic dye industry, a boom which some historians have labelled the second chemical revolution. His contribution led to the creation of the Perkin Medal, an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry to a scientist residing in the United States for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development". It is considered the highest honour given in the industrial chemical industry. Question: Who discovered the first synthetic dye? Answer: William Henry Perkin Question: What did the scientist who discovered the dye do after discovering it? Answer: resigned his position Question: What is the name of the first synthetic dye discovered? Answer: mauveine Question: The discovery of the synthetic dye is claimed by some histories to have sparked what event? Answer: second chemical revolution Question: Which award is named after the discoverer of the dye? Answer: Perkin Medal Question: Who did von Hoffman study under? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What discovery by von Hoffman was prompted by his work with Perkins? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was coal tar derived from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's didcovery sparked the Chemical revolution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who founded the Society of Chemical Industry? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although Albertus Magnus did much to instill mysticism in the Order of Preachers, it is a concept that reaches back to the Hebrew Bible. In the tradition of Holy Writ, the impossibility of coming face to face with God is a recurring motif, thus the commandment against graven images (Exodus 20.4-5). As time passed, Jewish and early Christian writings presented the idea of 'unknowing,' where God's presence was enveloped in a dark cloud. These images arose out of a confusing mass of ambiguous and ambivalent statements regarding the nature of God and man's relationship to Him. Question: The search for mysticism in the Dominican Order goes back to what? Answer: Hebrew Bible Question: What is the Holy Writ? Answer: Bible Question: Who wanted to put mysticism into the Dominican Order? Answer: Albertus Magnus Question: Whose writings introduced the idea of 'unknowing' to the Order of Preachers? Answer: Jewish and early Christian writings Question: What concept does not reach back to the Hebrew Bible? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What tradition believed that it was possible to come face to face with God? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the commandment of Exodus 20.4-5 allow? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not want to instill mysticism in the Dominican order? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What writings introduced the idea of "knowing" to the Order of Preachers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A brewery tap is the nearest outlet for a brewery's beers. This is usually a room or bar in the brewery itself, though the name may be applied to the nearest pub. The term is not applied to a brewpub which brews and sells its beer on the same premises. Question: What is the closest outlet for a brewery's beers called? Answer: A brewery tap Question: If the brewery tap is not located in the brewery, where is it usually located? Answer: the nearest pub Question: What is the term for a pub that brews and sells its own beer? Answer: brewpub
Context: Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North Germanic as dialects of Old Norse. This paradigm is not entirely problem-free. It sees genetic relationships as paramount: the "dialects" of a "language" (which itself may be a "dialect" of a yet older language) may or may not be mutually intelligible. Moreover, a parent language may spawn several "dialects" which themselves subdivide any number of times, with some "branches" of the tree changing more rapidly than others. Question: From the perspective of historical linguists, what are Romance languages dialects of? Answer: Latin Question: What do many historical linguists consider modern Greek to be a dialect of? Answer: Ancient Greek Question: From what language is North Germanic derived? Answer: Old Norse Question: Tok Pisin might be regarded as a dialect of what language? Answer: English Question: What do few historical linguists view any speech form as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to this few, what language is Latin a dialect of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to this few, what language is Ancient Greek a dialect of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to this few, what language is Old Norse a dialect of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to this few, what language is English a dialect of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary effect. The contracts are carried on the asset side of the European Central Bank's balance sheet and the resulting deposits in member banks are carried as a liability. In layman terms, the liability of the central bank is money, and an increase in deposits in member banks, carried as a liability by the central bank, means that more money has been put into the economy.[a] Question: What happens when a lot of repo notes come due? Answer: increase in liquidity in the economy Question: What happens whe not as many repo notes are coming due? Answer: contrary effect Question: What happens when members increase their deposits? Answer: more money has been put into the economy Question: What is a good way to boost the economy? Answer: increase in deposits in member banks Question: Where are contracts recorded? Answer: on the asset side of the European Central Bank's balance sheet Question: What happens when a lot of repo notes are past due? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens when members reject their deposits? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a good way to undermine the economy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are contracts hacked? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who never needs to borrow cash? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Von Neumann's famous 9-page paper started life as a talk at Princeton and then became a paper in Germany, which was eventually translated into English. His interest in economics that led to that paper began as follows: When lecturing at Berlin in 1928 and 1929 he spent his summers back home in Budapest, and so did the economist Nicholas Kaldor, and they hit it off. Kaldor recommended that von Neumann read a book by the mathematical economist Léon Walras. Von Neumann found some faults in that book and corrected them, for example, replacing equations by inequalities. He noticed that Walras's General Equilibrium Theory and Walras' Law, which led to systems of simultaneous linear equations, could produce the absurd result that the profit could be maximized by producing and selling a negative quantity of a product. He replaced the equations by inequalities, introduced dynamic equilibria, among other things, and eventually produced the paper. Question: When did von Neumann's interest in economics begin? Answer: When lecturing at Berlin in 1928 and 1929 Question: What economist did von Neumann get to know that spurred the interest in economics? Answer: Nicholas Kaldor Question: In who's book did von Neuman find errors in the author's equations? Answer: Léon Walras
Context: The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census. Question: In the top five largest urban areas in California, where does San Diego rank? Answer: third-largest Question: What area does Los Angeles and San Francisco merge with to form metropolitan areas larger than San Diego? Answer: Riverside–San Bernardino Question: What was the population of San Diego at the time of the 2010 census? Answer: 1,307,402 Question: How many square miles does San Diego cover? Answer: 372.1 Question: What is the population of San Diego's urgan area? Answer: 2,956,746 Question: In the top ten smallest urban areas in California, where does San Diego rank? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What area does Los Angeles and San Francisco merge with to form metropolitan areas smaller than San Diego? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the population of San Diego at the time of the 2000 census? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many square miles does San Francisco cover? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the population of San Francisco's urban area? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The College Dropout was eventually issued by Roc-A-Fella in February 2004, shooting to number two on the Billboard 200 as his debut single, "Through the Wire" peaked at number fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for five weeks. "Slow Jamz", his second single featuring Twista and Jamie Foxx, became an even bigger success: it became the three musicians' first number one hit. The College Dropout received near-universal critical acclaim from contemporary music critics, was voted the top album of the year by two major music publications, and has consistently been ranked among the great hip-hop works and debut albums by artists. "Jesus Walks", the album's fourth single, perhaps exposed West to a wider audience; the song's subject matter concerns faith and Christianity. The song nevertheless reached the top 20 of the Billboard pop charts, despite industry executives' predictions that a song containing such blatant declarations of faith would never make it to radio. The College Dropout would eventually be certified triple platinum in the US, and garnered West 10 Grammy nominations, including Album of the Year, and Best Rap Album (which it received). During this period, West also founded GOOD Music, a record label and management company that would go on to house affiliate artists and producers, such as No I.D. and John Legend. At the time, the focal point of West's production style was the use of sped-up vocal samples from soul records. However, partly because of the acclaim of The College Dropout, such sampling had been much copied by others; with that overuse, and also because West felt he had become too dependent on the technique, he decided to find a new sound. Question: What place on the Billboard chart did Kanye's album debut at? Answer: 2 Question: How many publications voted The College Dropout for album of the year? Answer: 2 Question: What was the name of the single off the debut album that gave Kanye mainstream attention? Answer: Jesus Walks Question: What label did Kanye create following the success of his first album's release? Answer: GOOD Music Question: When was The College Dropout finally released? Answer: February 2004 Question: What song was the second released off of Kanye's The College Dropout album? Answer: "Slow Jamz" Question: How many Grammy nominations did The College Dropout receive? Answer: 10 Question: What was the name of the record label that West founded? Answer: GOOD Music
Context: The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces: Question: Which organization believes that solar energy can solve some of our most pressing issues? Answer: The International Energy Agency Question: Who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world? Answer: The International Energy Agency
Context: The Marshall Islands are served by the Marshall Islands International Airport in Majuro, the Bucholz Army Airfield in Kwajalein, and other small airports and airstrips. Question: Where is the Marshall Islands International Airport located? Answer: Majuro Question: What airfield operates in Kwajalein? Answer: Bucholz Army Airfield
Context: In addition, this Introductory Course gives students more information to complement general biology or science training. It also has two different parts: Part I is an introduction to the basic principles of immunology and Part II is a clinically-oriented lecture series. On the other hand, the Advanced Course is another course for those who are willing to expand or update their understanding of immunology. It is advised for students who want to attend the Advanced Course to have a background of the principles of immunology. Most schools require students to take electives in other to complete their degrees. A Master’s degree requires two years of study following the attainment of a bachelor's degree. For a doctoral programme it is required to take two additional years of study. Question: Part 1 of the AAI introductory immunology course is meant to be what? Answer: an introduction to the basic principles of immunology Question: Part 2 of the AAI introductory immunology course revolves around what? Answer: clinically-oriented lecture series Question: What pre-requisite should enrollees in the advanced immunology course have? Answer: a background of the principles of immunology Question: How long does it typically take to earn a Master's degree? Answer: two years of study Question: What program requires an additional two years of study? Answer: a doctoral programme