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Context: On 7 January 2015, two French Muslim extremists attacked the Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo and killed thirteen people, and on 9 January, a third terrorist killed four hostages during an attack at a Jewish grocery store at Porte de Vincennes. On 11 January an estimated 1.5 million people marched in Paris–along with international political leaders–to show solidarity against terrorism and in defence of freedom of speech. Ten months later, 13 November 2015, came a series of coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris and Saint-Denis claimed by the 'Islamic state' organisation ISIL ('Daesh', ISIS); 130 people were killed by gunfire and bombs, and more than 350 were injured. Seven of the attackers killed themselves and others by setting off their explosive vests. On the morning of 18 November three suspected terrorists, including alleged planner of the attacks Abdelhamid Abaaoud, were killed in a shootout with police in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis. President Hollande declared France to be in a three-month state of emergency. Question: On what date did two Muslim extremists attack Charlie Hebdo? Answer: 7 January 2015 Question: How many people were killed at the Charlie Hebdo attack? Answer: thirteen Question: How many people marched on January 11 against terrorism? Answer: 1.5 million Question: Which Islamic organisation took responsibility for the attacks? Answer: ISIL Question: How did the attackers kill themselves? Answer: setting off their explosive vests
Context: By the end of the 18th century the population had risen to 300 million from approximately 150 million during the late Ming dynasty. The dramatic rise in population was due to several reasons, including the long period of peace and stability in the 18th century and the import of new crops China received from the Americas, including peanuts, sweet potatoes and maize. New species of rice from Southeast Asia led to a huge increase in production. Merchant guilds proliferated in all of the growing Chinese cities and often acquired great social and even political influence. Rich merchants with official connections built up huge fortunes and patronized literature, theater and the arts. Textile and handicraft production boomed. Question: What was China's population at the end of the 18th century? Answer: 300 million Question: What were the reasons for the population explosion during the 18th century? Answer: peace and stability in the 18th century and the import of new crops Question: What crops were imported? Answer: peanuts, sweet potatoes and maize. New species of rice
Context: In the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics. Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano, was born on February 19, 1770 in Valence and died on August 8, 1848 in Paris. He was a Spanish colonel, and the first person to introduce educative gymnastic in France. Jahn promoted the use of parallel bars, rings and high bar in international competition. Question: What two Germans were known for creating exercises on apparauses? Answer: Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) Question: What did the exercises lead to? Answer: to what is considered modern gymnastics Question: Who introduced educative gymnastics in France? Answer: Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano Question: What did Jahn promote the use of? Answer: parallel bars, rings and high bar Question: Who was born on February 18, 1770? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was a Spanish admiral? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who created exercises for girls? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the first person to introduce educative gymnastic in Italy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who designed what led to ancient gymnastics? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in "woe" to humanity. They believe that Jesus rules invisibly, from heaven, perceived only as a series of "signs". They base this belief on a rendering of the Greek word parousia—usually translated as "coming" when referring to Christ—as "presence". They believe Jesus' presence includes an unknown period beginning with his inauguration as king in heaven in 1914, and ending when he comes to bring a final judgment against humans on earth. They thus depart from the mainstream Christian belief that the "second coming" of Matthew 24 refers to a single moment of arrival on earth to judge humans. Question: On what date do Jehovah Witnesses believe Jesus Christ began his rule as a king in God's kingdom? Answer: October 1914 Question: What happened to Satan when Jesus started his rule? Answer: ousted from heaven Question: How do Jehovah Witnesses believe that Jesus rules? Answer: invisibly Question: How is the Greek word parousia translated when referring to Christ? Answer: "coming" Question: When will Jesus' presence end? Answer: when he comes to bring a final judgment Question: In what month of 1914 was Satan tossed out of heaven? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do most Greek scholars think "presence" translates to in Greek? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do Jehovah's Witnesses think Satan appears to people on Earth since 1914? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When do Jehovah's Witnesses now think Armageddon is going to strike? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The March 1906 Scientific American article by American pioneer William E. Meacham explained the basic principle of hydrofoils and hydroplanes. Bell considered the invention of the hydroplane as a very significant achievement. Based on information gained from that article he began to sketch concepts of what is now called a hydrofoil boat. Bell and assistant Frederick W. "Casey" Baldwin began hydrofoil experimentation in the summer of 1908 as a possible aid to airplane takeoff from water. Baldwin studied the work of the Italian inventor Enrico Forlanini and began testing models. This led him and Bell to the development of practical hydrofoil watercraft. Question: Who wrote the paper laying out hydrofoils and hydroplanes? Answer: William E. Meacham Question: What nationality was Meacham? Answer: American Question: What did Bell start drawing after reading the article? Answer: hydrofoil boat Question: Who helped Bell investigate hydrofoils in 1908? Answer: Frederick W. "Casey" Baldwin Question: Which Italian scientist did Baldwin draw inspiration from? Answer: Enrico Forlanini
Context: In terms of total number of ships, the Greek Merchant Navy stands at 4th worldwide, with 3,150 ships (741 of which are registered in Greece whereas the rest 2,409 in other ports). In terms of ship categories, Greece ranks first in both tankers and dry bulk carriers, fourth in the number of containers, and fifth in other ships. However, today's fleet roster is smaller than an all-time high of 5,000 ships in the late 1970s. Additionally, the total number of ships flying a Greek flag (includes non-Greek fleets) is 1,517, or 5.3% of the world's dwt (ranked 5th). Question: Where is the Greek Merchant Navy ranked? Answer: 4th worldwide Question: How many ships does the Greek Merchant Navy have? Answer: 3,150 Question: Where does Greece rank in number of tankers? Answer: first
Context: At the beginning of the Han dynasty, every male commoner aged twenty-three was liable for conscription into the military. The minimum age for the military draft was reduced to twenty after Emperor Zhao's (r. 87–74 BC) reign. Conscripted soldiers underwent one year of training and one year of service as non-professional soldiers. The year of training was served in one of three branches of the armed forces: infantry, cavalry or navy. The year of active service was served either on the frontier, in a king's court or under the Minister of the Guards in the capital. A small professional (paid) standing army was stationed near the capital. Question: What gender was expected to be conscripted into the military? Answer: male Question: At what age could a male common expect to be conscripted into the military? Answer: twenty-three Question: How long could a conscripted soldier expect to be in training for? Answer: one year Question: What was the lowest age a soldier could be conscripted after the end of Emperor Zhao's tenure? Answer: twenty Question: Which Minister could a conscripted soldier expect to serve under during his year of service? Answer: Minister of the Guards
Context: From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing." Question: For how long did Robert Walpole serve as prime minister? Answer: twenty-one years Question: What party did Walpole belong to? Answer: Whig Question: What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure as prime minister? Answer: doctrine of cabinet solidarity Question: What would a minister have to do if he did not publicly support a cabinet policy? Answer: resign Question: Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity? Answer: Lord Melbourne Question: Who was the prime minister in the 17th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who waited 21 years to become Prime minister? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's opponents packed the House of Commons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did the monarch declare could see him in private? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the three years following its inception, the university bore three different names. The board first approved "Eliot Seminary," but William Eliot was uncomfortable with naming a university after himself and objected to the establishment of a seminary, which would implicitly be charged with teaching a religious faith. He favored a nonsectarian university. In 1854, the Board of Trustees changed the name to "Washington Institute" in honor of George Washington. Naming the University after the nation's first president, only seven years before the American Civil War and during a time of bitter national division, was no coincidence. During this time of conflict, Americans universally admired George Washington as the father of the United States and a symbol of national unity. The Board of Trustees believed that the university should be a force of unity in a strongly divided Missouri. In 1856, the University amended its name to "Washington University." The university amended its name once more in 1976, when the Board of Trustees voted to add the suffix "in St. Louis" to distinguish the university from the nearly two dozen other universities bearing Washington's name. Question: What was one of the names that was initially considered for Washington University in St. Louis? Answer: Eliot Seminary Question: What name was selected by the Board of Trustees in 1854 for Washington University? Answer: Washington Institute Question: Why did the Board of Trustees choose to name Washing University after George Washington? Answer: The Board of Trustees believed that the university should be a force of unity in a strongly divided Missouri Question: When was the name Washington University amended? Answer: 1856 Question: When was the suffix "in St. Louis" added to Washington University? Answer: 1976 Question: In what year was Washington University founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was one of Washington University's trustees in 1976? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who initially wanted Washington University to be a seminary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the nation's second president? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was one of the Board of Trustees members in 1854? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said that the freedom of conscience and assembly allowed under such a system has led to a "remarkable religiosity" in the United States that isn't present in other industrialized nations. Wood believes that the U.S. operates on "a sort of civic religion," which includes a generally-shared belief in a creator who "expects better of us." Beyond that, individuals are free to decide how they want to believe and fill in their own creeds and express their conscience. He calls this approach the "genius of religious sentiment in the United States." Question: Who has argued the United States is a model for the world in separation of church and state is a good thing? Answer: Robert S. Wood Question: What does having no state-run or state-established allow a variety of religions to do? Answer: flourish Question: Where is the Center for New Religions located? Answer: Toronto Question: What does Wood believe the U.S. operates on? Answer: a sort of civic religion Question: What does Wood call the approach of allowing individuals the freedom to decide what they want to believe? Answer: genius of religious sentiment in the United States Question: Who hasn't argued the United States is a model for the world in separation of church and state is a good thing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does having no state-run or state-established allow a variety of non-religions to do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did the Center for New Religions leave? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Wood believe the U.K. operates on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Wood call the approach of allowing individuals the freedom to decide what they don't want to believe? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Dunn and Dunn focused on identifying relevant stimuli that may influence learning and manipulating the school environment, at about the same time as Joseph Renzulli recommended varying teaching strategies. Howard Gardner identified a wide range of modalities in his Multiple Intelligences theories. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Keirsey Temperament Sorter, based on the works of Jung, focus on understanding how people's personality affects the way they interact personally, and how this affects the way individuals respond to each other within the learning environment. The work of David Kolb and Anthony Gregorc's Type Delineator follows a similar but more simplified approach. Question: Who focused on identifying stimuli that can influence learning? Answer: Dunn Question: Who also along with Dunn recommended other teaching studies? Answer: Joseph Renzulli Question: Who created the Type Delineator? Answer: David Kolb and Anthony Gregorc's Question: Who discredited identifying stimuli that can influence learning? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who also along with Dunn discouraged other teaching studies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who disagreed with the Type Delineator? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose work was the Keirsey Temperament Sorter not based on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not recommend varying strategies? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Even at high latitudes, glacier formation is not inevitable. Areas of the Arctic, such as Banks Island, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica are considered polar deserts where glaciers cannot form because they receive little snowfall despite the bitter cold. Cold air, unlike warm air, is unable to transport much water vapor. Even during glacial periods of the Quaternary, Manchuria, lowland Siberia, and central and northern Alaska, though extraordinarily cold, had such light snowfall that glaciers could not form. Question: Which areas in Antartica are considered polar deserts? Answer: Banks Island, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys Question: Why can't glaciers form in polar deserts? Answer: they receive little snowfall Question: Does cold or warm air facilitate the transport of water vapor? Answer: warm air Question: What is inevitable at hight latitudes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of deserts do glaciers form in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does cold air transport? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What formed in central and north Alaska during the last ice age due to the extreme cold? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to reciprocity, the efficiency of an antenna used as a receiving antenna is identical to the efficiency as defined above. The power that an antenna will deliver to a receiver (with a proper impedance match) is reduced by the same amount. In some receiving applications, the very inefficient antennas may have little impact on performance. At low frequencies, for example, atmospheric or man-made noise can mask antenna inefficiency. For example, CCIR Rep. 258-3 indicates man-made noise in a residential setting at 40 MHz is about 28 dB above the thermal noise floor. Consequently, an antenna with a 20 dB loss (due to inefficiency) would have little impact on system noise performance. The loss within the antenna will affect the intended signal and the noise/interference identically, leading to no reduction in signal to noise ratio (SNR). Question: In what type of programs would low efficiency antennas not make a difference in effectiveness? Answer: receiving Question: At lesser frequencies what can account for incorrect assumptions about efficiency? Answer: man-made noise Question: What is the median level for measuring atmospheric noise? Answer: thermal noise floor Question: What is SNR? Answer: signal to noise ratio
Context: German air supremacy at night was also now under threat. British night-fighter operations out over the Channel were proving highly successful. This was not immediately apparent. The Bristol Blenheim F.1 was undergunned, with just four .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns which struggled to down the Do 17, Ju 88, or Heinkel He 111. Moreover, the Blenheim struggled to reach the speed of the German bombers. Added to the fact an interception relied on visual sighting, a kill was most elusive even in the conditions of a moonlit sky. Question: How was the British night fighter operations faring? Answer: were proving highly successful. Question: How did the Bristol Blenheim F.1 perform against German aircraft? Answer: was undergunned, with just four .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns Question: How did the Bristol Blenheim F.1 compare to German aircraft speed? Answer: struggled to reach the speed of the German bombers Question: What did interception rely upon? Answer: visual sighting
Context: A "country pub" by tradition is a rural public house. However, the distinctive culture surrounding country pubs, that of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community, has been changing over the last thirty or so years. In the past, many rural pubs provided opportunities for country folk to meet and exchange (often local) news, while others—especially those away from village centres—existed for the general purpose, before the advent of motor transport, of serving travellers as coaching inns. Question: What is another name for a rural public house? Answer: country pub Question: What was a function of distant country pubs before the rise of motor vehicles? Answer: serving travellers as coaching inns Question: Over what period of years has the traditional function of country pubs been changing? Answer: the last thirty
Context: The Puget Sound Convergence Zone is an important feature of Seattle's weather. In the convergence zone, air arriving from the north meets air flowing in from the south. Both streams of air originate over the Pacific Ocean; airflow is split by the Olympic Mountains to Seattle's west, then reunited to the east. When the air currents meet, they are forced upward, resulting in convection. Thunderstorms caused by this activity are usually weak and can occur north and south of town, but Seattle itself rarely receives more than occasional thunder and small hail showers. The Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm in December 2006 is an exception that brought heavy rain and winds gusting up to 69 mph (111 km/h), an event that was not caused by the Puget Sound Convergence Zone and was widespread across the Pacific Northwest. Question: What is a very significant part of Seattle's weather system? Answer: Puget Sound Convergence Zone Question: Of what is the Convergence Zone comprised? Answer: streams of air Question: From where do the two streams of air come? Answer: Pacific Ocean Question: What mountain Range splits the wind stream in the west of Seattle? Answer: Olympic Mountains Question: What bad wind and rain event was not caused by the Convergence Zone? Answer: Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm
Context: Most of the UK's Caribbean territories achieved independence after the departure in 1961 and 1962 of Jamaica and Trinidad from the West Indies Federation, established in 1958 in an attempt to unite the British Caribbean colonies under one government, but which collapsed following the loss of its two largest members. Barbados achieved independence in 1966 and the remainder of the eastern Caribbean islands in the 1970s and 1980s, but Anguilla and the Turks and Caicos Islands opted to revert to British rule after they had already started on the path to independence. The British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands and Montserrat opted to retain ties with Britain, while Guyana achieved independence in 1966. Britain's last colony on the American mainland, British Honduras, became a self-governing colony in 1964 and was renamed Belize in 1973, achieving full independence in 1981. A dispute with Guatemala over claims to Belize was left unresolved. Question: Which British territory received independence in 1961? Answer: Jamaica Question: Which British territory received independence in 1962? Answer: Trinidad Question: When did Barbados get independence? Answer: 1966 Question: Which islands decided to return to British rule after receiving independence? Answer: Anguilla and the Turks and Caicos Question: What was Britain's last American mainland colony? Answer: British Honduras
Context: Just as Rome itself claimed the favour of the gods, so did some individual Romans. In the mid-to-late Republican era, and probably much earlier, many of Rome's leading clans acknowledged a divine or semi-divine ancestor and laid personal claim to their favour and cult, along with a share of their divinity. Most notably in the very late Republic, the Julii claimed Venus Genetrix as ancestor; this would be one of many foundations for the Imperial cult. The claim was further elaborated and justified in Vergil's poetic, Imperial vision of the past. Question: What did many Romans claim in the Republican era? Answer: divine ancestor Question: What style of claim did Romans favor as a link to the gods? Answer: personal claim Question: What deity did the Julii claim as an ancestor? Answer: Venus Genetrix Question: Of what were such claims of deity relations the start? Answer: Imperial cult Question: What author further elaborated on the imperial claim of godhood? Answer: Vergil
Context: At the end of May 1942, Eisenhower accompanied Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold, commanding general of the Army Air Forces, to London to assess the effectiveness of the theater commander in England, Maj. Gen. James E. Chaney. He returned to Washington on June 3 with a pessimistic assessment, stating he had an "uneasy feeling" about Chaney and his staff. On June 23, 1942, he returned to London as Commanding General, European Theater of Operations (ETOUSA), based in London and with a house on Coombe, Kingston upon Thames, and replaced Chaney. He was promoted to lieutenant general on July 7. Question: As of May 1942, who commanded the Army Air Forces? Answer: Henry H. Arnold Question: To what city did Eisenhower travel to May 1942? Answer: London Question: Who commanded the English theater in May 1942? Answer: James E. Chaney Question: What appointment did Eisenhower receive on June 23, 1942? Answer: Commanding General, European Theater of Operations Question: To what rank was Eisenhower promoted on July 7, 1942? Answer: lieutenant general
Context: New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010. People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000–14,000 people. Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City, with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States, most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx. Question: How many non-Hispanic whites lived in New York City in 2012? Answer: 2.7 million Question: What is the non-Hispanic white population of Houston? Answer: 550,000 Question: How many New Yorkers are of Polish ancestry? Answer: 201,000 Question: How many New York City residents are of Greek heritage? Answer: 65,000 Question: What borough has the largest population of ethnic Albanians? Answer: the Bronx Question: NYC has the largest white population by how many people? Answer: 2.7 million
Context: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 620.34 square miles (1,606.7 km2), of which, 601.11 square miles (1,556.9 km2) of it is land and 19.23 square miles (49.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 3.09 percent water. Question: How many square miles is Oklahoma City? Answer: 620.34 square miles Question: Out of the 620.34 square miles, how much of it is water? Answer: 19.23 square miles
Context: The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. Question: What was the name of the act introduced in the year 1900? Answer: Gold Standard Act Question: How much gold in grams was one dollar equivalent to? Answer: 1.505 Question: How much was 1 troy ounce of gold worth? Answer: $20.67 Question: Which year brought the end to silver being in dimes and quarters? Answer: 1964 Question: Which President confiscated gold coins? Answer: Franklin Roosevelt Question: What was the name of the act introduced in the year 1800? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much silver in grams was one dollar equivalent to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much was 1 troy ounce of silver worth? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which of year brought the end to gold being in dimes and quarters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which President confiscated silver coins? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Schwarzenegger's first political appointment was as chairman of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, on which he served from 1990 to 1993. He was nominated by George H. W. Bush, who dubbed him "Conan the Republican". He later served as Chairman for the California Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson. Question: What nickname did George H.W. Bush give to Schwarzenegger? Answer: Conan the Republican
Context: Hayek also wrote that the state can play a role in the economy, and specifically, in creating a "safety net". He wrote, "There is no reason why, in a society which has reached the general level of wealth ours has, the first kind of security should not be guaranteed to all without endangering general freedom; that is: some minimum of food, shelter and clothing, sufficient to preserve health. Nor is there any reason why the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance in providing for those common hazards of life against which few can make adequate provision." Question: Hayek believed the state could aid the economy by doing what? Answer: creating a "safety net" Question: Who did Hayek say economic security should be guaranteed to? Answer: all Question: According to Hayek, clothing, food and shelter should be provided to what extent? Answer: sufficient to preserve health Question: What sort of system did Hayek propose the government create? Answer: social insurance
Context: Iran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران‎‎ [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the de facto Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by Kazakhstan and Russia across the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 78.4 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country that has both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. Iran has long been of geostrategic importance because of its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz. Question: Which country borders Iran to Iran's northwest? Answer: Armenia Question: What is Iran's land mass in square miles? Answer: 636,372 sq mi Question: How many people live in Iran? Answer: 78.4 million Question: What is the unofficial name for Iran? Answer: Persia Question: What is Iran's official country name? Answer: the Islamic Republic of Iran
Context: In 1885, British claims to a West African sphere of influence received recognition from other European nations at the Berlin Conference. The following year, it chartered the Royal Niger Company under the leadership of Sir George Taubman Goldie. In 1900 the company's territory came under the control of the British government, which moved to consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeria. On 1 January 1901, Nigeria became a British protectorate, and part of the British Empire, the foremost world power at the time. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the independent kingdoms of what would become Nigeria fought a number of conflicts against the British Empire's efforts to expand its territory. By war, the British conquered Benin in 1897, and, in the Anglo-Aro War (1901–1902), defeated other opponents. The restraint or conquest of these states opened up the Niger area to British rule. Question: Where was Britain's claim to West Africa recognized in 1885? Answer: the Berlin Conference Question: What company was led by Sir George Taubman Goldie? Answer: Royal Niger Company Question: When did the British government take over the Royal Niger Company's territory? Answer: 1900 Question: When did Nigeria become a British protectorate? Answer: 1 January 1901 Question: Which country did Britain conquer in 1897? Answer: Benin
Context: The government exerts greater control over broadcast media than print media, especially due to finance and licensing. The Swiss Broadcasting Corporation, whose name was recently changed to SRG SSR, is charged with the production and broadcast of radio and television programs. SRG SSR studios are distributed throughout the various language regions. Radio content is produced in six central and four regional studios while the television programs are produced in Geneva, Zürich and Lugano. An extensive cable network also allows most Swiss to access the programs from neighboring countries. Question: What causes the government to exert greater control over broadcast media than print media? Answer: finance and licensing Question: Where are television programs produced? Answer: Geneva, Zürich and Lugano Question: What was the Swiss Broadcasting Corporations name recently changed to? Answer: SRG SSR
Context: A series of experiments performed from the late 1800s to the early 1900s revealed that diabetes is caused by the absence of a substance normally produced by the pancreas. In 1869, Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering found that diabetes could be induced in dogs by surgical removal of the pancreas. In 1921, Canadian professor Frederick Banting and his student Charles Best repeated this study, and found that injections of pancreatic extract reversed the symptoms produced by pancreas removal. Soon, the extract was demonstrated to work in people, but development of insulin therapy as a routine medical procedure was delayed by difficulties in producing the material in sufficient quantity and with reproducible purity. The researchers sought assistance from industrial collaborators at Eli Lilly and Co. based on the company's experience with large scale purification of biological materials. Chemist George Walden of Eli Lilly and Company found that careful adjustment of the pH of the extract allowed a relatively pure grade of insulin to be produced. Under pressure from Toronto University and a potential patent challenge by academic scientists who had independently developed a similar purification method, an agreement was reached for non-exclusive production of insulin by multiple companies. Prior to the discovery and widespread availability of insulin therapy the life expectancy of diabetics was only a few months. Question: What is diabetes caused from? Answer: absence of a substance normally produced by the pancreas Question: Before insulin, what was the life expectancy of diabetics? Answer: only a few months Question: How can diabetes be induced in dogs? Answer: surgical removal of the pancreas Question: Who discovered that pancreatic extract reversed symptoms of pancreas removal? Answer: Frederick Banting and his student Charles Best Question: Why was insulin therapy delayed? Answer: difficulties in producing the material in sufficient quantity and with reproducible purity Question: Diabetes is caused by the removal of what organ? Answer: pancreas Question: Left untreated, how long were diabetic patients were expected to live? Answer: a few months Question: What could be adjusted in a sample of pancreatic extract to produce purer insulin? Answer: pH Question: To purify insulin, Banting and Best sought the assistance of what company? Answer: Eli Lilly and Co. Question: Minkowski and von Mering did surgical tests on what animal? Answer: dogs Question: What is purification caused from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Before insulin, what was the life expectancy of purification? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How can purification be induced in dogs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who discovered that pancreatic extract reversed symptoms of purification removal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why was purification therapy delayed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either uses the closed form without spaces (boomhuis = tree house) or inserts a hyphen (VVD-coryfee = outstanding member of the VVD, a political party). Like German, Dutch allows arbitrarily long compounds, but the longer they get, the less frequent they tend to be. Question: How would a Dutch speaker say "doghouse"? Answer: hondenhok Question: Is Dutch like or unlike English in its treatment of compound nouns? Answer: Unlike Question: "Tree house," which is two words in English, would be what single word in Dutch? Answer: boomhuis Question: What language is like Dutch in allowing compounds to be any length? Answer: German Question: In English, what usually separates newer compound nouns written in open form? Answer: spaces
Context: The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire. It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it. Consequently, withdrawal was not possible. Question: What is an example of a treaty from which it is not possible to withdraw? Answer: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Question: What state declared its intention to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights? Answer: North Korea Question: Who, acting as registrar, informed North Korea that withdrawal was deliberately precluded by the original signatories of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights? Answer: the Secretary-General of the United Nations Question: What two factors determine whether it is possible to withdraw from a treaty? Answer: the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire Question: The terms and travaux preparatoire of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights were both factors in determining what aspect of the treaty as it relates to North Korea's stated intentions? Answer: The possibility of withdrawal
Context: According to the latest International Monetary Fund estimates, its per capita GDP (adjusted for purchasing power) at $30,769 is just above the average of the European Union.[citation needed] Cyprus has been sought as a base for several offshore businesses for its low tax rates. Tourism, financial services and shipping are significant parts of the economy. Economic policy of the Cyprus government has focused on meeting the criteria for admission to the European Union. The Cypriot government adopted the euro as the national currency on 1 January 2008. Question: What is the per capita GDP of Cyprus given by the IMF? Answer: $30,769 Question: Why has Cyprus been sought out by offshore businesses? Answer: low tax rates Question: What are three of the largest contributors to the Cyprus economy? Answer: Tourism, financial services and shipping Question: When was the Euro declared as the national currency of Cyprus? Answer: 1 January 2008
Context: Chinese characters represent words of the language using several strategies. A few characters, including some of the most commonly used, were originally pictograms, which depicted the objects denoted, or simple ideograms, in which meaning was expressed iconically. Some other words were expressed by compound ideograms, but the vast majority were written using the rebus principle, in which a character for a similarly sounding word was either simply borrowed or (more commonly) extended with a disambiguating semantic marker to form a phono-semantic compound character. Question: What represent words of the language using several strategies? Answer: Chinese characters Question: What are some words expressed in? Answer: compound ideograms Question: What were most words written in? Answer: rebus principle
Context: Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval. Question: How many tribal governments are in Oklahoma? Answer: Thirty-nine Question: Tribes hold land in Oklahoma, but what isn't it called? Answer: reservations Question: What powers do tribal governments have? Answer: executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions Question: Who can overrule the tribal governments? Answer: the United States Congress Question: Who must approve tribal constitutions? Answer: the United States Congress
Context: Nearly all polychaetes have parapodia that function as limbs, while other major annelid groups lack them. Parapodia are unjointed paired extensions of the body wall, and their muscles are derived from the circular muscles of the body. They are often supported internally by one or more large, thick chetae. The parapodia of burrowing and tube-dwelling polychaetes are often just ridges whose tips bear hooked chetae. In active crawlers and swimmers the parapodia are often divided into large upper and lower paddles on a very short trunk, and the paddles are generally fringed with chetae and sometimes with cirri (fused bundles of cilia) and gills. Question: What are cirri? Answer: fused bundles of cilia Question: What kind of parapodia do burrowing annelids often have? Answer: ridges whose tips bear hooked chetae Question: What type of annelids have limb-like parapodia? Answer: polychaetes Question: What are parapodia? Answer: unjointed paired extensions of the body wall Question: Where are cirri never found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of parapodia do aerial annelids often have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of annelids have dream-like parapodia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are parapodia no longer considered? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After Germany led the way with starting DST (German: Sommerzeit) during World War I on 30 April 1916 together with its allies to alleviate hardships from wartime coal shortages and air raid blackouts, the political equation changed in other countries; the United Kingdom used DST first on 21 May 1916. US retailing and manufacturing interests led by Pittsburgh industrialist Robert Garland soon began lobbying for DST, but were opposed by railroads. The US's 1917 entry to the war overcame objections, and DST was established in 1918. Question: What industrialist from Pittsburgh campaigned strongly in favor of DST? Answer: Robert Garland Question: What year did the U.S. go to war, leading to wider acceptance of daylight savings? Answer: 1917 Question: What year did the United States finally adopt Daylight Saving Time? Answer: 1918
Context: Mission work in Samoa had begun in late 1830 by John Williams, of the London Missionary Society arriving in Sapapali'i from The Cook Islands and Tahiti. According to Barbara A. West, "The Samoans were also known to engage in ‘headhunting', a ritual of war in which a warrior took the head of his slain opponent to give to his leader, thus proving his bravery." However, Robert Louis Stevenson, who lived in Samoa from 1889 until his death in 1894, wrote in A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa, "… the Samoans are gentle people." Question: Who was the first missionary in Samoa? Answer: John Williams Question: What English organization did John Williams belong to? Answer: London Missionary Society Question: What warring ritual did Barbara A. West say the indigenous Samoans engaged in? Answer: headhunting Question: What notable author who lived in Samoa called the Samoans "gentle people"? Answer: Robert Louis Stevenson Question: In what year did Robert Louis Stevenson die? Answer: 1894 Question: What work did Barbara A. West do in the late 1830's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group was Barbara A. West a member of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ritual did Robert Lewis Stevenson say that the Samoans engaged in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did John Williams die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What work was written by John Williams about the people of Samoa? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1977, Hayek was critical of the Lib-Lab pact, in which the British Liberal Party agreed to keep the British Labour government in office. Writing to The Times, Hayek said, "May one who has devoted a large part of his life to the study of the history and the principles of liberalism point out that a party that keeps a socialist government in power has lost all title to the name 'Liberal'. Certainly no liberal can in future vote 'Liberal'". Hayek was criticised by Liberal politicians Gladwyn Jebb and Andrew Phillips, who both claimed that the purpose of the pact was to discourage socialist legislation. Question: What was the name of the agreement Hayek criticized in 1977? Answer: Lib-Lab pact Question: What did some Liberal politicians claim the pact was meant to do? Answer: discourage socialist legislation Question: The agreement Hayek criticized was between the British Labour government and which political party? Answer: British Liberal Party Question: What did Hayek believe was lost in the continued empowerment of a socialist government? Answer: all title to the name 'Liberal'
Context: In the second decade of the 21st century the Portuguese economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s resulting in the country having to be bailed out by the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund. The bailout, agreed to in 2011, required Portugal to enter into a range of austerity measures in exchange for funding support of €78 billion. In May 2014 the country exited the bailout but reaffirmed its commitment to maintaining its reformist momentum. At the time of exiting the bailout the economy had contracted by 0.7% in the first quarter of 2014, however unemployment, while still high had fallen to 15.3 percent. Question: By what entities was the Portuguese economy bailed out? Answer: European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund Question: In what year was the economic bailout agreed to? Answer: 2011 Question: How much money was agreed to in the financial bailout? Answer: €78 billion Question: When did Portugal exit the bailout? Answer: May 2014 Question: By the time Portugal exited the bailout, to what percentage had the unemployment rate fallen? Answer: 15.3 percent
Context: After India gained independence, the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of the Indian Union. The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India, began agitating against Nizam VII in 1948. On 17 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo. With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession, which made him the Rajpramukh (Princely Governor) of the state until 31 October 1956. Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the Telangana uprising against the feudal lords of the Telangana region. The Constitution of India, which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the part B states of India, with Hyderabad city continuing to be the capital. In his 1955 report Thoughts on Linguistic States, B. R. Ambedkar, then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution, proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. Since 1956, the Rashtrapati Nilayam in Hyderabad has been the second official residence and business office of the President of India; the President stays once a year in winter and conducts official business particularly relating to Southern India. Question: On what date did the Indian Army take control of Hyderabad? Answer: 1948. On 17 September Question: What was the code name for the Indian Army invasion of Hyderabad? Answer: Operation Polo Question: Which Nizam defeated by the Indian Army? Answer: Nizam VII Question: Which uprising occurred from 1946 to 1951? Answer: the Telangana uprising Question: On what date did the constitution of India become active? Answer: 26 January 1950
Context: According to Ismā‘īlīsm, Allah has sent "seven" great prophets known as “Nātıq” (Spoken) in order to disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam. All of these great prophets has also one assistant known as “Sāmad (Silent) Imām”. At the end of each seven “Sāmad” silsila, one great “Nātıq” (Spoken) has ben sent in order to reimprove the Dīn of Islam. After Adam and his son Seth, and after six “Nātıq” (Spoken) – “Sāmad” (Silent) silsila (Noah–Shem), (Abraham–Ishmael), (Moses–Aaron), (Jesus–Simeon), (Muhammad bin ʿAbd Allāh–Ali ibn Abu Tālib); the silsila of “Nātıqs and Sāmads have been completed with (Muhammad bin Ismā‘īl as-ṣaghīr (Maymûn’ûl-Qaddāh)–ʿAbd Allāh Ibn-i Maymûn and his sons). Question: How many great prophets has Allah sent? Answer: seven Question: What are the seven great prophets known as? Answer: Nātıq Question: What are the seven great prophets supposed to do? Answer: disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam Question: What is the great prophets assistant called? Answer: Sāmad (Silent) Imām
Context: Politically, The Sun in the early Murdoch years, remained nominally Labour. It supported the Labour Party led by Harold Wilson in the 1970 General Election, with the headline "Why It Must Be Labour" but by February 1974 it was calling for a vote for the Conservative Party led by Edward Heath while suggesting that it might support a Labour Party led by James Callaghan or Roy Jenkins. In the October election an editorial asserted: "ALL our instincts are left rather than right and we would vote for any able politician who would describe himself as a Social Democrat." Question: What were the Sun's political leanings early on under Murdoch? Answer: nominally Labour Question: Who led the Labour Party in the 1970 General Election? Answer: Harold Wilson Question: Who did the Sun support in 1974? Answer: Edward Heath Question: Who would the Sun consider supporting from the Labour Party in 1974? Answer: James Callaghan or Roy Jenkins Question: What type of politician did a Sun editorial state that it would support in October 1974? Answer: any able politician who would describe himself as a Social Democrat
Context: According to the majority of Shī'a, namely the Twelvers (Ithnā'ashariyya), the following is a listing of the rightful successors to Muḥammad. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam except for Hussayn ibn 'Alī, who was the brother of Hassan ibn 'Alī.The belief in this succession to Muḥammad stems from various Quranic verses which include: 75:36, 13:7, 35:24, 2:30, 2:124, 36:26, 7:142, 42:23.[citation needed] They support their discussion by citing Genesis 17:19–20 and Sunni hadith:Sahih Muslim, Hadith number 4478, English translation by Abdul Hamid Siddiqui.[original research?] Question: Who was the brother of Hassan ibn 'Ali? Answer: Hussayn ibn 'Alī Question: Usually, how has each Imam been related to the previous Imam? Answer: son Question: What bible verse do Shia use to support their belief of succession? Answer: Genesis 17:19–20
Context: Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) as well as a range of smaller parties. Question: What kind of political system has existed in Congo-Brazzaville since the '90s? Answer: multi-party Question: Which party does Sassou belong to? Answer: Congolese Labour Party Question: What is the French term for Sassou's political party? Answer: Parti Congolais du Travail Question: Since when has Congo-Brazzaville has a single party political system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has serious competition in the presidential elections? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Congolese Labour Party called in German? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What party does not back Sassou? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not dominated by Sassou? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts began to be – sometimes forcibly – abandoned, and Gallaeci served frequently in the Roman army as auxiliary troops. Romans brought new technologies, new travel routes, new forms of organizing property, and a new language; latin. The Roman Empire established its control over Galicia through camps (castra) as Aquis Querquennis, Ciadella camp or Lucus Augusti (Lugo), roads (viae) and monuments as the lighthouse known as Tower of Hercules, in Corunna, but the remoteness and lesser interest of the country since the 2nd century of our era, when the gold mines stopped being productive, led to a lesser degree of Romanization. In the 3rd century it was made a province, under the name Gallaecia, which included also northern Portugal, Asturias, and a large section of what today is known as Castile and León. Question: Under whom did Roman legions first enter Galicia? Answer: Decimus Junius Brutus Question: Galicia was incorporated into the Roman Empire under whose rule? Answer: Augustus Question: Which mineral found in Galicia were the Romans interested in? Answer: gold Question: Which language did the Romans introduce to Galicia? Answer: latin Question: The Romans used which lighthouse located in Corunna as part of its effort to establish control the area? Answer: Tower of Hercules
Context: One of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat Treasury Spokesman Vince Cable to nationalise the institution were initially ignored; in February 2008, however, the British government (having failed to find a private sector buyer) relented, and the bank was taken into public hands. Northern Rock's problems proved to be an early indication of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions. Question: Which medium sized British bank was the first victim of the financial crisis? Answer: Northern Rock Question: Who did Northern Rock request security from? Answer: Bank of England Question: When did Northern Rock investors panic and a bank run begin? Answer: September 2007 Question: When was Northern Rock taken into public hands? Answer: February 2008 Question: Which bank early problems in 2007 were an indicator of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions? Answer: Northern Rock
Context: Boston was an early port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies, but was soon overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts and Newport, Rhode Island. Eventually Boston became a center of the abolitionist movement. The city reacted strongly to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, contributing to President Franklin Pierce's attempt to make an example of Boston after the Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case. Question: Boston was overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts in what type of trade? Answer: slave trade Question: What movement did Boston become the center of after it stopped slave trade? Answer: the abolitionist movement Question: What law involving slaves did the city react strongly to? Answer: the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 Question: What President attempted to make an example out of Boston due to it's view on the Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case? Answer: Franklin Pierce
Context: As of 2010[update], the city of Montevideo has been divided into 8 political municipalities (Municipios), referred to with the letters from A to G, including CH, each presided over by a mayor elected by the citizens registered in the constituency. This division, according to the Municipality of Montevideo, "aims to advance political and administrative decentralization in the department of Montevideo, with the aim of deepening the democratic participation of citizens in governance." The head of each Municipio is called an alcalde or (if female) alcaldesa. Question: How many political municipalities has the city of Montevideo been divided into as of 2010? Answer: 8 Question: What is the head of each Municipio called? Answer: an alcalde Question: Who elects the mayor of the political municipalities? Answer: the citizens registered in the constituency
Context: In towns even most better-off people lived in terraced houses, which typically opened straight onto the street, often with a few steps up to the door. There was often an open space, protected by iron railings, dropping down to the basement level, with a discreet entrance down steps off the street for servants and deliveries; this is known as the "area". This meant that the ground floor front was now removed and protected from the street and encouraged the main reception rooms to move there from the floor above. Where, as often, a new street or set of streets was developed, the road and pavements were raised up, and the gardens or yards behind the houses at a lower level, usually representing the original one. Question: Most town people lived in what type of houses? Answer: terraced houses Question: What was used to protect the "area"? Answer: iron railings Question: Due to new entry styles what rooms were often moved down a floor? Answer: main reception rooms Question: What did most wealthy townspeople live in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Due to the new entry style what rooms were moved up one floor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What people were not allowed to use the discrete entrance to the area? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were put behind the house on the same level? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Protestants in general reject the veneration and invocation of the Saints.:1174 Protestants typically hold that Mary was the mother of Jesus, but was an ordinary woman devoted to God. Therefore, there is virtually no Marian veneration, Marian feasts, Marian pilgrimages, Marian art, Marian music or Marian spirituality in today's Protestant communities. Within these views, Roman Catholic beliefs and practices are at times rejected, e.g., theologian Karl Barth wrote that "the heresy of the Catholic Church is its Mariology". Question: Which theologian described Mariology as "the heresy of the Catholic Church?" Answer: Karl Barth Question: Protestants hold that Mary had what relationship to Jesus? Answer: mother Question: Protestants reject what practices in relation to the Saints? Answer: veneration and invocation Question: Protestants describe Mary as devoted to whom? Answer: God Question: How many pieces of Marian music did theologian Karl Barth write? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many of the Saints reject the Protestants? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Mary stated that she was the mother of Jesus, but also referred to herself as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What feasts did Karl Barth attend? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who took the very first Marian Pilgrimage? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most of the postwar's presidents of the Fifth Republic wanted to leave their own monuments in Paris; President Georges Pompidou started the Centre Georges Pompidou (1977), Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began the Musée d'Orsay (1986); President François Mitterrand, in power for 14 years, built the Opéra Bastille (1985-1989), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996), the Arche de la Défense (1985-1989), and the Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983-1989); Jacques Chirac (2006), the Musée du quai Branly. Question: In what year was the Centre Georges Pompidou erected? Answer: 1977 Question: What did Valery Giscard d'Estaing have erected? Answer: Musée d'Orsay Question: How many years was Francois Mitterrand in power? Answer: 14 Question: What did Jacques Chirac have built? Answer: Musée du quai Branly Question: In what year was the Musee de quai Branly built? Answer: 2006
Context: Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF-backed structural reform program. The key challenges for the country in the period ahead are to achieve fiscal discipline, rebuild public administration, improve the economic climate for private investment, and promote economic diversification. After the country became independent from Portugal in 1974 due to the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution, the rapid exodus of the Portuguese civilian, military, and political authorities resulted in considerable damage to the country's economic infrastructure, social order, and standard of living. Question: What did the main political parties sign to help the economy? Answer: a pact of stability Question: What organization backed a structural reform program? Answer: IMF Question: When did Guinea-Bissau become independent? Answer: 1974 Question: What country left Guinea-Bissau in 1974? Answer: Portugal Question: What happened in Portugal that contributed to Guinea-Bissau's independence? Answer: the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution
Context: Judaism shares some of the characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion, and a culture, making the definition of who is a Jew vary slightly depending on whether a religious or national approach to identity is used. Generally, in modern secular usage Jews include three groups: people who were born to a Jewish family regardless of whether or not they follow the religion, those who have some Jewish ancestral background or lineage (sometimes including those who do not have strictly matrilineal descent), and people without any Jewish ancestral background or lineage who have formally converted to Judaism and therefore are followers of the religion. Question: In modern secular usage Jews include how many groups? Answer: three Question: What makes the definition of a Jew vary slightly? Answer: whether a religious or national approach to identity is used Question: Which religion shares some characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion and a culture? Answer: Judaism Question: What doesn't share any characteristics with a nation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many groups do Jews include in modern religious usage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many groups do Jews include in historical secular usage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is not included as a Jew in modern secular usage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has no effect on the definition of who is a Jew? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era. Question: Historians from what country in particular do not refer to the Late Middle Ages? Answer: Italy Question: What provided developmental continuity between the ancient and modern ages? Answer: classical antiquity Question: What period do Italian historians believe came immediately after the High Period of the Middle Ages? Answer: the Renaissance Question: What do many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the beginning of? Answer: modern history and early modern Europe Question: Historians from what country in particular do not refer to the Early Middle Ages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What never provided developmental continuity between the ancient and modern ages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What period do Italian historians not believe came immediately after the High Period of the Middle Ages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What period do Italian historians believe came immediately after the Low Period of the Middle Ages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the end of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1838, Claridge obtained patents in Scotland on 27 March, and Ireland on 23 April, and in 1851 extensions were sought for all three patents, by the trustees of a company previously formed by Claridge. This was Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company, formed in 1838 for the purpose of introducing to Britain "Asphalte in its natural state from the mine at Pyrimont Seysell in France", and "laid one of the first asphalt pavements in Whitehall". Trials were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway in Whitehall, the stable at Knightsbridge Barracks, "and subsequently on the space at the bottom of the steps leading from Waterloo Place to St. James Park". "The formation in 1838 of Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company (with a distinguished list of aristocratic patrons, and Marc and Isambard Brunel as, respectively, a trustee and consulting engineer), gave an enormous impetus to the development of a British asphalt industry". "By the end of 1838, at least two other companies, Robinson's and the Bastenne company, were in production", with asphalt being laid as paving at Brighton, Herne Bay, Canterbury, Kensington, the Strand, and a large floor area in Bunhill-row, while meantime Claridge's Whitehall paving "continue(d) in good order". Question: In what year did Claridge acquire patents for the use of asphalt? Answer: 1838 Question: From what French mine did Claridge offer asphalt? Answer: Pyrimont Seysell Question: What did Claridge's formation of a company with distinguished backers help inspire? Answer: British asphalt industry Question: In what famous place did Claridge first begin to lay and test the use of asphalt pavement? Answer: Whitehall Question: By 1838 how many companies beside Claridge's were offering asphalt? Answer: two Question: For how many patents did Claridge seek extensions in 1822? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Canterbury Patent Asphalte Company was established in what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's Patent Asphalte Company was established in 1988? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway of Canterbury? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Before the advent of the ASA system, the system of Weston film speed ratings was introduced by Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936), a British-born electrical engineer, industrialist and founder of the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, with the Weston model 617, one of the earliest photo-electric exposure meters, in August 1932. The meter and film rating system were invented by William Nelson Goodwin, Jr., who worked for them and later received a Howard N. Potts Medal for his contributions to engineering. Question: What system was used previous to the ASA system? Answer: the system of Weston film speed ratings Question: Who devised the Weston film speed ratings? Answer: Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936) Question: What company did Dr. Edward Weston start? Answer: the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation Question: When was the Weston model 617 created? Answer: August 1932 Question: Who is credited with creating the film and meter system? Answer: William Nelson Goodwin, Jr. Question: Who introduced the ASA system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the ASA system introduced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was William Nelson Goodwin Jr. born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What medal did Edward Faraday Weston win? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Howard N. Potts invent in 1932? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although Max insisted von Neumann attend school at the grade level appropriate to his age, he agreed to hire private tutors to give him advanced instruction in those areas in which he had displayed an aptitude. At the age of 15, he began to study advanced calculus under the renowned analyst Gábor Szegő. On their first meeting, Szegő was so astounded with the boy's mathematical talent that he was brought to tears. Some of von Neumann's instant solutions to the problems in calculus posed by Szegő, sketched out on his father's stationery, are still on display at the von Neumann archive in Budapest. By the age of 19, von Neumann had published two major mathematical papers, the second of which gave the modern definition of ordinal numbers, which superseded Georg Cantor's definition. At the conclusion of his education at the gymnasium, von Neumann sat for and won the Eötvös Prize, a national prize for mathematics. Question: At what age did Von Neumann begin to study advance calculus? Answer: 15 Question: Who did Von Neumann begin his studies of advanced calculus under? Answer: Gábor Szegő Question: By 19 how many papers had Von Neumann published? Answer: two major mathematical papers Question: Von Neumann's modern definition of ordinal numbers superseded whose definition? Answer: Georg Cantor Question: What prize did Von Neuman win at the conclusion of his gymansium formal education? Answer: Eötvös Prize, a national prize for mathematics
Context: Rapid decompression can be much more dangerous than vacuum exposure itself. Even if the victim does not hold his or her breath, venting through the windpipe may be too slow to prevent the fatal rupture of the delicate alveoli of the lungs. Eardrums and sinuses may be ruptured by rapid decompression, soft tissues may bruise and seep blood, and the stress of shock will accelerate oxygen consumption leading to hypoxia. Injuries caused by rapid decompression are called barotrauma. A pressure drop of 13 kPa (100 Torr), which produces no symptoms if it is gradual, may be fatal if it occurs suddenly. Question: What does Rapid decompression do to the lungs? Answer: rupture of the delicate alveoli Question: What causes barotrauma? Answer: rapid decompression Question: What amount of pressure drop can kill you if it occurs suddenly? Answer: 13 kPa (100 Torr), Question: What does acceleration of oxygen consumption do? Answer: hypoxia Question: rapid decompression is more dangerous than what? Answer: vacuum exposure Question: What can tissues seeping blood be more dangerous than? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does increasing oxygen consumption do to the lungs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Venting through the windpipe may end up rupturing eardrums and what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will seep out of the windpipe if you hold your breath? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is venting through the windpipe also called? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents. Question: What two countries divvied up the Middle East's countries after WWI? Answer: Britain and France Question: What was the dividing up of the Middle Eastern countries in violation of? Answer: solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy Question: A reaction to Britain and France's actions was the emergence of what group in Egypt? Answer: Muslim Brotherhood Question: de Bellaigne attributed the growth of Islamism and militarism to what Western catalyst? Answer: empire-builders Question: What did the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators find themselves yielding to? Answer: retrograde currents Question: What two countries abandoned Middle East's countries after WWI? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the merging of Middle Eastern countries in violation of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group's emergence in Egypt was a punishment to Britain and Korea's actions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators find themselves immune to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was not interested in being a translator? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 215 BC Philip, with his eye on Illyria, formed an alliance with Rome's enemy Hannibal of Carthage, which led to Roman alliances with the Achaean League, Rhodes and Pergamum. The First Macedonian War broke out in 212 BC, and ended inconclusively in 205 BC. Philip continued to wage war against Pergamon and Rhodes for control of the Aegean (204-200 BCE) and ignored Roman demands for non-intervention in Greece by invading Attica. In 198 BC, during the Second Macedonian War Philip was decisively defeated at Cynoscephalae by the Roman proconsul Titus Quinctius Flamininus and Macedon lost all its territories in Greece proper. Greece was now thoroughly brought into the Roman sphere of influence, though it retained nominal autonomy. The end of Antigonid Macedon came when Philip V's son, Perseus, was defeated and captured by the Romans in the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BCE). Question: When did Philip form and alliance with Hannibal of Carthage? Answer: 215 BC Question: When did the First Macedonian War begin? Answer: 212 BC Question: When did the First Macedonian War end? Answer: 205 BC Question: How did the First Macedonian War end? Answer: inconclusively Question: Who defeated Philip? Answer: Titus Quinctius Flamininus
Context: In the Somali diaspora, multiple Islamic fundraising events are held every year in cities like Birmingham, London, Toronto and Minneapolis, where Somali scholars and professionals give lectures and answer questions from the audience. The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities in Somalia, to help Somalis that have suffered as a consequence of floods and/or droughts, or to gather funds for the creation of new mosques like the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque, which is currently undergoing construction in the Twin cities. Question: Along with Minneapolis, London and Birmingham, what city contains a notable population of Somalis? Answer: Toronto Question: What is the name of the mosque under construction in Minneapolis? Answer: the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque Question: Along with floods, what natural disaster often spurs Islamic fundraising? Answer: droughts Question: Along with universities, the construction of what educational buildings are sometimes the focus of Islamic fundraising? Answer: schools
Context: On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." Three days later, on 9 August, the U.S. dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, the last nuclear attack in history. More than 140,000–240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. The necessity of the atomic bombings has long been debated, with detractors claiming that a naval blockade and aerial bombing campaign had already made invasion, hence the atomic bomb, unnecessary. However, other scholars have argued that the bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender, with Emperor finally indicating his wish to stop the war. Another argument in favor of the atomic bombs is that they helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and bombing campaign, any of which would have exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians. Historian Richard B. Frank wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability to mount an amphibious invasion of Hokkaidō. Question: America dropped what on August 6, 1945? Answer: atomic bomb Question: What was the forst Japenese city nuked by the United States? Answer: Hiroshima Question: When did American drop a nuclear bomb on Nagasaki? Answer: 9 August Question: What was the name of the blockade and bombing of Japan planed to make them surrender? Answer: Operation Downfall Question: Who wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was unlikely? Answer: Richard B. Frank
Context: Breeding usually involves some form of courtship display, typically performed by the male. Most displays are rather simple and involve some type of song. Some displays, however, are quite elaborate. Depending on the species, these may include wing or tail drumming, dancing, aerial flights, or communal lekking. Females are generally the ones that drive partner selection, although in the polyandrous phalaropes, this is reversed: plainer males choose brightly coloured females. Courtship feeding, billing and allopreening are commonly performed between partners, generally after the birds have paired and mated. Question: Which gender typically performs some form of courtship display? Answer: male Question: Most courtship displays involve some type of what? Answer: song Question: Which gender generally drive partner selection?: Answer: Females Question: Generally, when is courtship feeding and billing performed between partners? Answer: after the birds have paired and mated
Context: In the later Imperial era, the burial and commemorative practises of Christian and non-Christians overlapped. Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of novemdialis found a part-match in the Christian Constitutio Apostolica. The customary offers of wine and food to the dead continued; St Augustine (following St Ambrose) feared that this invited the "drunken" practices of Parentalia but commended funeral feasts as a Christian opportunity to give alms of food to the poor. Christians attended Parentalia and its accompanying Feralia and Caristia in sufficient numbers for the Council of Tours to forbid them in AD 567. Other funerary and commemorative practices were very different. Traditional Roman practice spurned the corpse as a ritual pollution; inscriptions noted the day of birth and duration of life. The Christian Church fostered the veneration of saintly relics, and inscriptions marked the day of death as a transition to "new life". Question: What group's burial practices over-lapped with the Roman's? Answer: Christian Question: What items were shared among Christian and non- Christians? Answer: Tombs Question: What did St Augustine believe that funeral feasts gave an opportunity for? Answer: alms of food Question: When was Christian attendance at Parentalia become forbidden by the Christians? Answer: AD 567 Question: How did the Romans view the corpse of the dead? Answer: ritual pollution
Context: As for Mac OS, System 7 was a 32-bit rewrite from Pascal to C++ that introduced virtual memory and improved the handling of color graphics, as well as memory addressing, networking, and co-operative multitasking. Also during this time, the Macintosh began to shed the "Snow White" design language, along with the expensive consulting fees they were paying to Frogdesign. Apple instead brought the design work in-house by establishing the Apple Industrial Design Group, becoming responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products. Question: Which Mac is known for improving the handling of color graphics? Answer: Mac OS, System 7 Question: Who did Apple pay expensive consulting fees to before doing in-house work? Answer: Frogdesign Question: What was established for bringing Apple's design work in-house? Answer: the Apple Industrial Design Group Question: Who was responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products? Answer: Apple Industrial Design Group Question: How did the Mac System 7 improve multitasking? Answer: co-operative multitasking Question: Which Mac is known for improving the handling of non-color graphics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Microsoft pay expensive consulting fees to before doing in-house work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was established for bringing Microsoft's design work in-house? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was responsible for crafting a new look for all Microsoft products? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did the Mac System 6 improve multitasking? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Greenware ceramics made from celadon had been made in the area since the 3rd-century Jin dynasty, but it returned to prominence—particularly in Longquan—during the Southern Song and Yuan. Longquan greenware is characterized by a thick unctuous glaze of a particular bluish-green tint over an otherwise undecorated light-grey porcellaneous body that is delicately potted. Yuan Longquan celadons feature a thinner, greener glaze on increasingly large vessels with decoration and shapes derived from Middle Eastern ceramic and metalwares. These were produced in large quantities for the Chinese export trade to Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and (during the Ming) Europe. By the Ming, however, production was notably deficient in quality. It is in this period that the Longquan kilns declined, to be eventually replaced in popularity and ceramic production by the kilns of Jingdezhen in Jiangxi. Question: What were greenware ceramics made from? Answer: celadon Question: What color tint is Longquan greenware characterized by? Answer: bluish-green Question: What period did Longquan ceramics decline? Answer: the Ming Question: What kilns were Longquan kilns replaced by in popularity and production? Answer: Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Question: What decorations are Yuan Longquan celadons derived from? Answer: Middle Eastern Question: What were blueware ceramics made from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were redware ceramics made from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What period did Longquan ceramics rise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kilns were Longquan kilns not replaced by in popularity and production? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What decorations are Yuan Longquan non-celadons derived from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west. Question: Near what body of water is St. John's located by? Answer: Atlantic Ocean Question: How many Square miles is St. John's? Answer: 172.22 Question: In what providence is Edmonton located? Answer: Alberta Question: What is the largest Atlantic Province city? Answer: Halifax Question: St. Johns is in the northeast of what province? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most easterly city in the Americas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city is London, England closer to than St. Johns? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What french city is 3,636 miles from St. Johns? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Dryer and rockier uplands and ridges are occupied by oak-chestnut type forests dominated by a variety of oaks (Quercus spp.), hickories (Carya spp.) and, in the past, by the American chestnut (Castanea dentata). The American chestnut was virtually eliminated as a canopy species by the introduced fungal chestnut blight (Cryphonectaria parasitica), but lives on as sapling-sized sprouts that originate from roots, which are not killed by the fungus. In present-day forest canopies chestnut has been largely replaced by oaks. Question: What trees are typically found in the dryer portions? Answer: oak Question: What species of tree was pretty much eliminated? Answer: The American chestnut Question: What does the tree live on? Answer: sapling-sized sprouts Question: What trees replaced chestnut trees? Answer: oaks Question: What species has had a comeback in the uplands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were hickories nearly exterminated by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of tree are chestnuts replacing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What form of Chestnut is attacked most viciously by the fungus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does the fungus originate from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: North Carolina became one of the English Thirteen Colonies and with the territory of South Carolina was originally known as the Province of Carolina. The northern and southern parts of the original province separated in 1729. Originally settled by small farmers, sometimes having a few slaves, who were oriented toward subsistence agriculture, the colony lacked cities or towns. Pirates menaced the coastal settlements, but by 1718 the pirates had been captured and killed. Growth was strong in the middle of the 18th century, as the economy attracted Scots-Irish, Quaker, English and German immigrants. The colonists generally supported the American Revolution, as the number of Loyalists was smaller than in some other colonies. Question: North carolina and Sounth Carolina together were known as what? Answer: the Province of Carolina Question: What year were the northern and southern carolinas seperated? Answer: 1729 Question: What was the profession of most of the settlers in the Province of Carolina? Answer: small farmers Question: What people were a menace to the coastal areas of the Province of carolina? Answer: Pirates Question: By what year had all of the pirates in the NC Province been captured or killed? Answer: 1718
Context: In May 2014, prior to the launch of YouTube's subscription-based Music Key service, the independent music trade organization Worldwide Independent Network alleged that YouTube was using non-negotiable contracts with independent labels that were "undervalued" in comparison to other streaming services, and that YouTube would block all music content from labels who do not reach a deal to be included on the paid service. In a statement to the Financial Times in June 2014, Robert Kyncl confirmed that YouTube would block the content of labels who do not negotiate deals to be included in the paid service "to ensure that all content on the platform is governed by its new contractual terms." Stating that 90% of labels had reached deals, he went on to say that "while we wish that we had [a] 100% success rate, we understand that is not likely an achievable goal and therefore it is our responsibility to our users and the industry to launch the enhanced music experience." The Financial Times later reported that YouTube had reached an aggregate deal with Merlin Network—a trade group representing over 20,000 independent labels, for their inclusion in the service. However, YouTube itself has not confirmed the deal. Question: How many independent labels did the Merlin Network represent? Answer: 20,000 Question: What was the percentage of labels youtube had signed contracts with prior to the planned launch date? Answer: 90% Question: What was youtube planning on doing to labels it did not reach a deal with? Answer: block all music content Question: Why did youtube want to ensure only contractees music was played? Answer: to launch the enhanced music experience Question: Which journalistic organization released the reports of youtube's agreement with the Merlin Network? Answer: The Financial Times Question: What service launched in May 2014 was a subscription based service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Robert Kyncl confirm in May 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What reason did Robert Kyncl give in May 2014 for YouTube blocking content labels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Kyncl say 100% of the labels had reached? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Despite the dominance of the above formula, there are documented attempts of the financial industry, occurring before the crisis, to address the formula limitations, specifically the lack of dependence dynamics and the poor representation of extreme events. The volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas", published in 2007 by World Scientific, summarizes a 2006 conference held by Merrill Lynch in London where several practitioners attempted to propose models rectifying some of the copula limitations. See also the article by Donnelly and Embrechts and the book by Brigo, Pallavicini and Torresetti, that reports relevant warnings and research on CDOs appeared in 2006. Question: Who published "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas" in 2007? Answer: World Scientific Question: When did relevant warnings and research on CDOs appear in an article by Donnelly and Embrechts? Answer: 2006 Question: The volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas" summarizes a 2006 conference held by what firm in London? Answer: Merrill Lynch Question: What did the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas" propose models to rectify? Answer: some of the copula limitations Question: What year did the book by Brigo, Pallavicini and Torresetti report warnings and research on CDOs? Answer: 2006
Context: The first Grand Lodge, the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster (later called the Grand Lodge of England (GLE)), was founded on 24 June 1717, when four existing London Lodges met for a joint dinner. Many English Lodges joined the new regulatory body, which itself entered a period of self-publicity and expansion. However, many Lodges could not endorse changes which some Lodges of the GLE made to the ritual (they came to be known as the Moderns), and a few of these formed a rival Grand Lodge on 17 July 1751, which they called the "Antient Grand Lodge of England." These two Grand Lodges vied for supremacy until the Moderns promised to return to the ancient ritual. They united on 27 December 1813 to form the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE). Question: The Grand Lodge of England is also know as what? Answer: GLE Question: When was the Grand Lodge of England founded? Answer: 24 June 1717 Question: The Ancient Grand Lodge of England was formed on what date? Answer: 17 July 1751 Question: The United Grand Lodge of England was formed on what date? Answer: 27 December 1813 Question: Lodges that could not endorse the GLE were later called what? Answer: the Moderns Question: What can The Grand Lodge of England never be known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Grand Lodge of England vanish? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were lodges that disappeared called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which lodges refused to join the new regulatory body? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which lodges were always in perfect harmony with one another? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the company's association with the franchise. Only eight of those 10 were used for the film, however; the remaining two were used for promotional work. After modifying the Jaguar C-X75 for the film, Williams F1 carried the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix, with the team playing host to the cast and crew ahead of the Mexican premiere of the film. Question: Which companies revealed Spectre's official car? Answer: Aston Martin and Eon Question: How many DB10s were made for the movie? Answer: 10 Question: Which team displayed the Bond logo during the Mexican Grand Prix? Answer: Williams F1 Question: What were the two DB10s that were not needed for filming used for? Answer: promotional work Question: How many DB10's were produced? Answer: 10 Question: What logo did the Williams race team have on their cars for the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix? Answer: 007 Question: The press conference announcing the start of the filming was in October of what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Honda was the official car of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Aston Martin produced only 20 of what for the film? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The unofficial car of the film was what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Note: Besides ethnic groups, Slavs often identify themselves with the local geographical region in which they live. Some of the major regional South Slavic groups include: Zagorci in northern Croatia, Istrijani in westernmost Croatia, Dalmatinci in southern Croatia, Boduli in Adriatic islands, Vlaji in hinterland of Dalmatia, Slavonci in eastern Croatia, Bosanci in Bosnia, Hercegovci in Herzegovina, Krajišnici in western Bosnia, but is more commonly used to refer to the Serbs of Croatia, most of whom are descendants of the Grenzers, and continued to live in the area which made up the Military Frontier until the Croatian war of independence, Semberci in northeast Bosnia, Srbijanci in Serbia proper, Šumadinci in central Serbia, Vojvođani in northern Serbia, Sremci in Syrmia, Bačvani in northwest Vojvodina, Banaćani in Banat, Sandžaklije (Muslims in Serbia/Montenegro border), Kosovci in Kosovo, Bokelji in southwest Montenegro, Trakiytsi in Upper Thracian Lowlands, Dobrudzhantsi in north-east Bulgarian region, Balkandzhii in Central Balkan Mountains, Miziytsi in north Bulgarian region, Warmiaks and Masurians in north-east Polish regions Warmia and Mazuria, Pirintsi in Blagoevgrad Province, Ruptsi in the Rhodopes etc. Question: Serbs of Croatia are mostly descendants of who? Answer: the Grenzers Question: Where are Zagorci located? Answer: northern Croatia Question: Where are Istrijani located? Answer: westernmost Croatia Question: Where are Boduli located? Answer: Adriatic islands Question: Where are Vlaji located? Answer: hinterland of Dalmatia Question: What is the only way Slavs identify? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are slavs called in central Croatia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who are the Vlaji descendants of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did western Bosnia become the Military Frontier? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the names of the cities in the north Bulgarian region? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Music fans have turned to Change.org around the globe to try and block West's participation at various events. The largest unsuccessful petition has been to the Glastonbury Festival 2015 with 133,000+ voters stating they would prefer a rock band to headline. On July 20, 2015, within five days of West's announcement as the headlining artist of the closing ceremonies of the 2015 Pan American Games, Change.org user XYZ collected over 50,000 signatures for West's removal as headliner citing the headlining artist should be Canadian. In his Pan American Games Closing Ceremony performance, close to the end of his performance, West closed the show by tossing his faulty microphone in the air and walked off stage. Question: For what event was the largest amount of signatures collected in an attempt to keep Kanye from performing at it? Answer: Glastonbury Festival 2015 Question: What was another event that garnered a large amount of protest for Kanye's removal of headliner status? Answer: 2015 Pan American Games Question: What website have music fans been using to try to block Kanye West's performance at different events? Answer: Change.org Question: What festival was the largest failed petition to keep Kanye from performing? Answer: Glastonbury Festival Question: How many signatures were gathered for Kanye's removal from the 2015 Pan American Games? Answer: 50,000
Context: As the summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the last Arab leader to leave, Nasser suffered a heart attack. He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him. Nasser died several hours later, around 6:00 p.m. Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia were at his deathbed. According to his doctor, al-Sawi Habibi, Nasser's likely cause of death was arteriosclerosis, varicose veins, and complications from long-standing diabetes. Nasser was a heavy smoker with a family history of heart disease—two of his brothers died in their fifties from the same condition. The state of Nasser's health was not known to the public prior to his death. He had previously suffered heart attacks in 1966 and September 1969. Question: When did Nasser die? Answer: 28 September 1970 Question: How did Nasser die? Answer: heart attack Question: Who was with Nasser when he died? Answer: Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia Question: What health events had Nasser suffered in 1966 and 1969? Answer: heart attacks Question: How old were Nasser's brothers when they died? Answer: in their fifties
Context: San Diego and its backcountry are subject to periodic wildfires. In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the Cedar Fire, which has been called the largest wildfire in California over the past century. The fire burned 280,000 acres (1,100 km2), killed 15 people, and destroyed more than 2,200 homes. In addition to damage caused by the fire, smoke resulted in a significant increase in emergency room visits due to asthma, respiratory problems, eye irritation, and smoke inhalation; the poor air quality caused San Diego County schools to close for a week. Wildfires four years later destroyed some areas, particularly within the communities of Rancho Bernardo, Rancho Santa Fe, and Ramona. Question: When did California's largest wildfire of the century take place? Answer: October 2003 Question: How many acres were burned in the historic Cedar Fire of 2003? Answer: 280,000 acres (1,100 km2) Question: Why did San Diego schools close during the Cedar Fire? Answer: poor air quality Question: How many years after the Cedar Fire did additional fires destroy Rancho Santa Fe? Answer: four years later Question: How many homes were destroyed in the Cedar Fire? Answer: more than 2,200 Question: When did California's smallest wildfire of the century take place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many acres were burned in the historic Cedar Fire of 2002? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did San Francisco schools close during the Cedar Fire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many years after the Cedar Fire did additional fires destroy Rancho Francisco Fe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many homes were saved in the Cedar Fire? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Atlantic Ocean has less influence on the climate of the Piedmont region, which has hotter summers and colder winters than in the coast. Daytime highs in the Piedmont often reach over 90 °F (32 °C) in the summer. While it is not common for the temperature to reach over 100 °F (38 °C) in the state, such temperatures, when they occur, typically are found only in the lower-elevation areas of the Piedmont and far-inland areas of the coastal plain. The weaker influence of the Atlantic Ocean also means that temperatures in the Piedmont often fluctuate more widely than in the coast. Question: What region of North Carolina has hotter summers and colder winters than the coast? Answer: Piedmont Question: In summer, daytime highs often reach what temperature in the Piedmont region? Answer: 90 °F Question: Temperatures over 100 degrees will typically be found in what elevation of the Piedmont? Answer: . Question: What type of influence of the Atlantic Ocean makes the temperatures fluctuate more than on the coast? Answer: weaker
Context: Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one. The energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator. Question: When water is released due to high demand, the pump become swhat? Answer: a hydroelectric power generator Question: Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in what form? Answer: water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one Question: How is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered? Answer: by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator
Context: The Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought 1992 are so large – each weighs 6,300 lb (2,900 kg) and is 7 feet (2.1 m) wide – that they are classified as large trucks, and U.S. fuel economy regulations do not apply to them. During the gubernatorial recall campaign he announced that he would convert one of his Hummers to burn hydrogen. The conversion was reported to have cost about US$21,000. After the election, he signed an executive order to jump-start the building of hydrogen refueling plants called the California Hydrogen Highway Network, and gained a U.S. Department of Energy grant to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost. California took delivery of the first H2H (Hydrogen Hummer) in October 2004. Question: How many pounds does one of Schwarzenegger's Hummers weigh? Answer: 6,300 Question: How much did Schwarzenegger spend to convert a Hummer to run on hydrogen? Answer: $21,000 Question: What did Schwarzenegger name his plan to build hydrogen refueling stations throughout California? Answer: California Hydrogen Highway Network Question: What governmental department contributed a grant to Schwarzenegger's hydrogen fuel project? Answer: U.S. Department of Energy
Context: England's first permanent settlement in the Americas was founded in 1607 in Jamestown, led by Captain John Smith and managed by the Virginia Company. Bermuda was settled and claimed by England as a result of the 1609 shipwreck there of the Virginia Company's flagship, and in 1615 was turned over to the newly formed Somers Isles Company. The Virginia Company's charter was revoked in 1624 and direct control of Virginia was assumed by the crown, thereby founding the Colony of Virginia. The London and Bristol Company was created in 1610 with the aim of creating a permanent settlement on Newfoundland, but was largely unsuccessful. In 1620, Plymouth was founded as a haven for puritan religious separatists, later known as the Pilgrims. Fleeing from religious persecution would become the motive of many English would-be colonists to risk the arduous trans-Atlantic voyage: Maryland was founded as a haven for Roman Catholics (1634), Rhode Island (1636) as a colony tolerant of all religions and Connecticut (1639) for Congregationalists. The Province of Carolina was founded in 1663. With the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, England gained control of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, renaming it New York. This was formalised in negotiations following the Second Anglo-Dutch War, in exchange for Suriname. In 1681, the colony of Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn. The American colonies were less financially successful than those of the Caribbean, but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of English emigrants who preferred their temperate climates. Question: When was England's first permanent settlement in the Americas founded? Answer: 1607 Question: Where was England's first permanent settlement in the Americas? Answer: Jamestown Question: Who led England's first permanent settlement in the Americas? Answer: Captain John Smith Question: When did the Somer Isles Company take over managing Bermuda? Answer: 1615 Question: What did England rename New Netherland to? Answer: New York
Context: Initially Eisenhower planned on serving only one term, but as with other decisions, he maintained a position of maximum flexibility in case leading Republicans wanted him to run again. During his recovery from a heart attack late in 1955, he huddled with his closest advisors to evaluate the GOP's potential candidates; the group, in addition to his doctor, concluded a second term was well advised, and he announced in February 1956 he would run again. Eisenhower was publicly noncommittal about Nixon's repeating as the Vice President on his ticket; the question was an especially important one in light of his heart condition. He personally favored Robert B. Anderson, a Democrat, who rejected his offer; Eisenhower then resolved to leave the matter in the hands of the party. In 1956, Eisenhower faced Adlai Stevenson again and won by an even larger landslide, with 457 of 531 electoral votes and 57.6% of the popular vote. The level of campaigning was curtailed out of health considerations. Question: Upon election, how many terms did Eisenhower believe he would serve? Answer: one Question: In what year did Eisenhower have a heart attack? Answer: 1955 Question: When did Eisenhower make an announcement stating that he would run for a second term? Answer: February 1956 Question: Who did Eisenhower want as his 1956 running mate? Answer: Robert B. Anderson Question: Who did Eisenhower defeat in the 1956 presidential election? Answer: Adlai Stevenson
Context: Malian migrants have long worked on cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast, but in 2000 cocoa prices had dropped to a 10-year low and some farmers stopped paying their employees. The Malian counsel had to rescue some boys who had not been paid for five years and who were beaten if they tried to run away. Malian officials believed that 15,000 children, some as young as 11 years old, were working in the Ivory Coast in 2001. These children were often from poor families or the slums and were sold to work in other countries. Parents were told the children would find work and send money home, but once the children left home, they often worked in conditions resembling slavery. In other cases, children begging for food were lured from bus stations and sold as slaves. In 2002, the Ivory Coast had 12,000 children with no relatives nearby, which suggested they were trafficked, likely from neighboring Mali, Burkina Faso and Togo. Question: What migrants worked on the Ivory Coast? Answer: Malian Question: After a 10 year low in prices what did some farmers resort to? Answer: stopped paying their employees Question: Where did the children mainly come from? Answer: slums Question: Where were begging children often targeted for being sold into slavery? Answer: bus stations
Context: Cartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common. Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed. Question: What type of ink is often used in making comics? Answer: India ink Question: What method is mostly used in making comics? Answer: Cartooning Question: Mixed media and what else are becoming popular for making comics? Answer: digital technology Question: Motion lines and what are often used in comics? Answer: abstract symbols Question: What type of ink is never used in making comics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of ink is often used in making comedies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What method is least used in making comics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Mixed media and what else are becoming unpopular for making comics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Motion lines and what are never used in comics? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Madonna released her eleventh studio album, Hard Candy, in April 2008. Containing R&B and urban pop influences, the songs on Hard Candy were autobiographical in nature and saw Madonna collaborating with Justin Timberlake, Timbaland, Pharrell Williams and Nate "Danja" Hills. The album debuted at number one in thirty seven countries and on the Billboard 200. Don Shewey from Rolling Stone complimented it as an "impressive taste of her upcoming tour." It received generally positive reviews worldwide though some critics panned it as "an attempt to harness the urban market". Question: What was the name of Madonna's eleventh album? Answer: Hard Candy Question: When was Hard Candy released? Answer: April 2008 Question: Hard Candy debuted at number one in how many countries? Answer: thirty seven Question: Madonna worked with Justin Timberlake, Timbaland, Pharrell Williams and Nate Hills for which album? Answer: Hard Candy
Context: Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with acids. In 1766–81, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name: in Greek, hydrogen means "water-former". Question: When was hydrogen gas artificially produced for the first time? Answer: early 16th century Question: Who first recognized that hydrogen was a discrete substance? Answer: Henry Cavendish Question: When it is burned what does hydrogen make? Answer: water Question: What is the Greek translation for hydrogen? Answer: water-former
Context: In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed] Question: Where has the rule of law been more of a theory than a way of life? Answer: Thailand Question: According to what principles are most laws in Thailand decided? Answer: royalist Question: In Thailand, what branch of government rejected a proposal for senator selection? Answer: executive branch Question: When did Thailand first try to overthrow its government run by a king? Answer: 1932 Question: What harms the adherence to the Constitution in Thailand? Answer: Ancient prejudices and political bias Question: What kingdom has not had a Constitution since 1932? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has been practiced in Thailand since 1932? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has been eradicated from the three branches of Thailand's government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is no longer advocated in Thailand since the twenty-first century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose decision did the Supreme Court reject in Thailand? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On August 24, 2006, Apple and Creative announced a broad settlement to end their legal disputes. Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products. As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing the patent. Creative then announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program. Question: When did Creative and Apple come to an agreement over their intellectual property issues? Answer: August 24, 2006 Question: How much money did Apple have to pay to Creative as a result of their agreement? Answer: $100 million Question: What program did Creative join in order to make iPod peripherals? Answer: Made for iPod Question: How much did Apple pay to Creative Technologies to settle their 2006 suit? Answer: $100 million Question: What's the name of the program by which 3rd parties sell iPod accessories? Answer: the Made for iPod program
Context: The thoracic segments have one ganglion on each side, which are connected into a pair, one pair per segment. This arrangement is also seen in the abdomen but only in the first eight segments. Many species of insects have reduced numbers of ganglia due to fusion or reduction. Some cockroaches have just six ganglia in the abdomen, whereas the wasp Vespa crabro has only two in the thorax and three in the abdomen. Some insects, like the house fly Musca domestica, have all the body ganglia fused into a single large thoracic ganglion. Question: What is on each side of a thoracic segment? Answer: ganglion Question: How many ganglia are on each side of a thoracic segment? Answer: one Question: Ganglia are connected into a what? Answer: a pair Question: How many pairs of ganglia are in a segment? Answer: one pair Question: What other location on an insect are ganglia located? Answer: abdomen
Context: Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere. Question: How many evolutionary origins do short distance passerine migrants have? Answer: two Question: Which species have long-distance migrants in the same family? Answer: the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Question: Why have some specied progressively shortened their return migration? Answer: to stay in the northern hemisphere
Context: The budget of the city for 2013 was €7.6 billion, of which 5.4 billion went for city administration, while €2.2 billion went for investment. The largest part of the budget (38 percent) went for public housing and urbanism projects; 15 percent for roads and transport; 8 percent for schools (which are mostly financed by the state budget); 5 percent for parks and gardens; and 4 percent for culture. The main source of income for the city is direct taxes (35 percent), supplemented by a 13-percent real estate tax; 19 percent of the budget comes in a transfer from the national government. Question: What was the budget of the city in 2013 Answer: €7.6 billion Question: How much of the budget was allocated for city administration? Answer: 5.4 billion Question: What percent of the budget goes towards public housing and urbanism projects? Answer: 38 Question: What is the main source of income for Paris? Answer: taxes Question: What percentage of the budget is allocated for schools? Answer: 8
Context: Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cross-border surveillance because of concerns about anarchist agitators and other political radicals. A notable example of this was the occasional surveillance by Prussian police of Karl Marx during the years he remained resident in London. The interests of public police agencies in cross-border co-operation in the control of political radicalism and ordinary law crime were primarily initiated in Europe, which eventually led to the establishment of Interpol before the Second World War. There are also many interesting examples of cross-border policing under private auspices and by municipal police forces that date back to the 19th century (Nadelmann, 1993). It has been established that modern policing has transgressed national boundaries from time to time almost from its inception. It is also generally agreed that in the post–Cold War era this type of practice became more significant and frequent (Sheptycki, 2000). Question: When did Deflem write about cross-border policing? Answer: 2002 Question: What groups did European police work against across borders in the 19th century? Answer: anarchist agitators and other political radicals Question: Which police force monitored Karl Marx? Answer: Prussian Question: What international police agency was created before WW2? Answer: Interpol Question: In what era did cross-border policing increase? Answer: post–Cold War Question: When did Deflem write about in-border policing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What groups did European police work against across borders in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which police force ignored Karl Marx? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What national police agency was created before WW2? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what era did cross-border policing decrease? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI. Question: What does ITU-R stand for? Answer: International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector Question: What does DVB stand for? Answer: Digital Video Broadcasting Question: What is the DVB? Answer: an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies Question: What is the DVB's role? Answer: develops and agrees upon specifications Question: Who standardizes HDTV specifications? Answer: ETSI Question: What does ETU-R stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the DVD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the DVD's role? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who standardizes SDTV specifications? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As is sometimes common in scientific discoveries, simultaneous developments can occur, as evidenced by a number of inventors who were at work on the telephone. Over a period of 18 years, the Bell Telephone Company faced 587 court challenges to its patents, including five that went to the U.S. Supreme Court, but none was successful in establishing priority over the original Bell patent and the Bell Telephone Company never lost a case that had proceeded to a final trial stage. Bell's laboratory notes and family letters were the key to establishing a long lineage to his experiments. The Bell company lawyers successfully fought off myriad lawsuits generated initially around the challenges by Elisha Gray and Amos Dolbear. In personal correspondence to Bell, both Gray and Dolbear had acknowledged his prior work, which considerably weakened their later claims. Question: During how many years did the Bell Company battle lawsuits? Answer: 18 Question: How many times were Bell's patents contested? Answer: 587 Question: How many of the court cases wound up at the Supreme Court? Answer: 5 Question: Elisha Gray and what other man were behind many of the court cases? Answer: Amos Dolbear
Context: In 1937, Imperial Airways and Pan American World Airways began operating scheduled flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda. In 1948, regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes began to Kindley Field (now L.F. Wade International Airport), helping tourism to reach its peak in the 1960s–1970s. By the end of the 1970s, international business had supplanted tourism as the dominant sector of Bermuda's economy (see Economy of Bermuda). Question: What did Imperial Airways and Pan American begin scheduling in 1937? Answer: flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda Question: What helped tourism grow to new heights in the 1960-1970's? Answer: regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes Question: What became the main source of Bermuda's economy in the 1970's? Answer: international business Question: Who began operating scheduled services in 1973? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Imperial World Airways and Pan American Airways begin doing in 1937? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is now known as F.L. Wade International Airport? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What reached a peak in 1960? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Comcast has also earned a reputation for being anti-union. According to one of the company's training manuals, "Comcast does not feel union representation is in the best interest of its employees, customers, or shareholders". A dispute in 2004 with CWA, a labor union that represented many employees at Comcast's offices in Beaverton, Oregon, led to allegations of management intimidating workers, requiring them to attend anti-union meetings and unwarranted disciplinary action for union members. In 2011, Comcast received criticism from Writers Guild of America for its policies in regards to unions. Question: What is Comcast's stance on organized labor? Answer: anti-union Question: A 2004 labor dispute in what city highlighted Comcast's anti-labor stance? Answer: Beaverton, Oregon Question: What was one anti-union thing that workers in Beaverton were required to do? Answer: attend anti-union meetings Question: What creative union aired grievances against Comcast in 2011? Answer: Writers Guild of America Question: In what internal publication was Comcast's union stance formally enumerated? Answer: one of the company's training manuals Question: Where are the offices for the Writers Guild of America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the initialism CWA stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Comcast believe is best for its employees? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of meetings did the Writers Guild of America protest? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company represented Comcast's policies in 2004? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hogeschool is used in Belgium and in the Netherlands. The hogeschool has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland. Question: What term is used in Belgium and the Netherlands to refer to an institution like a German Fachhochschule? Answer: hogeschool
Context: From the 17th through 19th centuries, the merging of folk beliefs about group differences with scientific explanations of those differences produced what one scholar has called an "ideology of race". According to this ideology, races are primordial, natural, enduring and distinct. It was further argued that some groups may be the result of mixture between formerly distinct populations, but that careful study could distinguish the ancestral races that had combined to produce admixed groups. Subsequent influential classifications by Georges Buffon, Petrus Camper and Christoph Meiners all classified "Negros" as inferior to Europeans. In the United States the racial theories of Thomas Jefferson were influential. He saw Africans as inferior to Whites especially in regards to their intellect, and imbued with unnatural sexual appetites, but described Native Americans as equals to whites. Question: What did the merging of superstitious beliefs and scientific ones regarding group differences produce? Answer: an "ideology of race" Question: What were races considered to be, according to the ideology of race? Answer: primordial, natural, enduring and distinct Question: How might some groups have resulted, according to the ideology? Answer: mixture between formerly distinct populations Question: What group was identified as being inferior to Europeans? Answer: Negros Question: Who particularly noted the unnatural sexual appetites of Africans? Answer: Thomas Jefferson
Context: The JEDEC EIA370 transistor device numbers usually start with "2N", indicating a three-terminal device (dual-gate field-effect transistors are four-terminal devices, so begin with 3N), then a 2, 3 or 4-digit sequential number with no significance as to device properties (although early devices with low numbers tend to be germanium). For example, 2N3055 is a silicon n–p–n power transistor, 2N1301 is a p–n–p germanium switching transistor. A letter suffix (such as "A") is sometimes used to indicate a newer variant, but rarely gain groupings. Question: What does the JEDEC EIA370 transistor number start with? Answer: 2N Question: what does the 2N is the JEDEC EIA370 mean? Answer: a three-terminal device Question: What follows the 2N in a JEDEC EIA370? Answer: a 2, 3 or 4-digit sequential number with no significance as to device properties Question: What does a letter at the end of a device number mean? Answer: a newer variant Question: What does the number 2N1301 indicate? Answer: a p–n–p germanium switching transistor Question: What were most early devices made from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most common amount of extra digits in a device number? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which devices usually have the shortest transistor device numbers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are most modern devices made from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most common letter suffix? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: To the pope as to all his predecessors, marital relations are much more than a union of two people. They constitute a union of the loving couple with a loving God, in which the two persons create a new person materially, while God completes the creation by adding the soul. For this reason, Paul VI teaches in the first sentence of Humanae vitae that the transmission of human life is a most serious role in which married people collaborate freely and responsibly with God the Creator. This divine partnership, according to Paul VI, does not allow for arbitrary human decisions, which may limit divine providence. The Pope does not paint an overly romantic picture of marriage: marital relations are a source of great joy, but also of difficulties and hardships. The question of human procreation exceeds in the view of Paul VI specific disciplines such as biology, psychology, demography or sociology. The reason for this, according to Paul VI, is that married love takes its origin from God, who "is love". From this basic dignity, he defines his position: Question: According to Paul VI to whom are a man and woman in union with besides each other? Answer: God Question: What does God contribute to a married couple's child? Answer: soul Question: Who is considered to be love? Answer: God Question: From whom is married love generated? Answer: God Question: What type of relations did Paul VI's Humanae VItae discuss? Answer: marital
Context: All Mainland Chinese television stations (along with some stations in Hong Kong and expatriate communities) cancelled all regularly-scheduled programming, displayed their logo in grayscale, and replaced their cancelled programmes with live earthquake footage from CCTV-1 for multiple days after the quake. Even pay television channels (such as Channel V) had their programmes suspended. Question: What did stations replace programming with? Answer: live earthquake footage Question: What was the source of the live feeds? Answer: CCTV-1 Question: What about pay TV channels? Answer: programmes suspended

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