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Context: The rediscovery of Aristotle's works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated –fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had already begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these works represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history. Richard Dales, for instance, calls the discovery of Aristotle's works "a turning point in the history of Western thought." After Aristotle re-emerged, a community of scholars, primarily communicating in Latin, accelerated the process and practice of attempting to reconcile the thoughts of Greek antiquity, and especially ideas related to understanding the natural world, with those of the church. The efforts of this "scholasticism" were focused on applying Aristotelian logic and thoughts about natural processes to biblical passages and attempting to prove the viability of those passages through reason. This became the primary mission of lecturers, and the expectation of students. Question: Roughly how many pages of the works of Aristotle were translated by the 12th century? Answer: more than 3000 pages Question: Richard Dales believes that the work of Aristotle represents the turning point of what? Answer: Western thought Question: What word described the early attempts to understand the work of Aristotle? Answer: scholasticism Question: What faculty did scholars attempt to use to prove the thoughts of Aristotle? Answer: reason Question: What language did 12th century scholars studying Aristotle speak in? Answer: Latin Question: What began to emerge in the 1200's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is considered one of the most important discoveries in the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who called the discovery of Aristotle's work a turning point in Western Science? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who used Greek to communicate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What focused on using Aristotelian logic to disprove the bible? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Roughly how many pages of the works of Richard Dales were translated by the 12th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Aristotle believe that the work of Richard Dales represent the turning point of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What word described the early attempts to understand the work of Dales? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What faculty did scholars attempt to use to prove the thoughts of Aristotle? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language did 12th century scholars studying Dale speak in? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Question: In 1919 a new president of Notre Dame was named, who was it? Answer: Father James Burns Question: Over how many years did the change to national standards undertaken at Notre Dame in the early 20th century take place? Answer: three years Question: What type of education was pushed at Notre Dame before its embracing of national standards? Answer: scholastic and classical Question: Those who attended a Jesuit college may have been forbidden from joining which Law School due to the curricula at the Jesuit institution? Answer: Harvard Law School Question: Which college did Notre Dame add in 1921? Answer: College of Commerce
Context: In the First World War, Devonport was the headquarters of Western Approaches Command until 1941 and Sunderland flying boats were operated by the Royal Australian Air Force. It was an important embarkation point for US troops for D-Day. The city was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe, in a series of 59 raids known as the Plymouth Blitz. Although the dockyards were the principal targets, much of the city centre and over 3,700 houses were completely destroyed and more than 1,000 civilians lost their lives. This was largely due to Plymouth's status as a major port Charles Church was hit by incendiary bombs and partially destroyed in 1941 during the Blitz, but has not been demolished, as it is now an official permanent monument to the bombing of Plymouth during World War II. Question: What force used Sunderland flying boats out of Devonport? Answer: Royal Australian Air Force Question: What military organization was based in Devonport until 1941? Answer: Western Approaches Command Question: How many attacks comprised the Plymouth Blitz? Answer: 59 Question: How many civilian deaths occurred as a result of the Plymouth Blitz? Answer: more than 1,000 Question: How many homes were totally destroyed in the Plymouth Blitz? Answer: over 3,700
Context: In the latter half of the 19th century the locale of South Kensington was developed as "Albertopolis", a cultural and scientific quarter. Three major national museums are there: the Victoria and Albert Museum (for the applied arts), the Natural History Museum and the Science Museum. The National Portrait Gallery was founded in 1856 to house depictions of figures from British history; its holdings now comprise the world's most extensive collection of portraits. The national gallery of British art is at Tate Britain, originally established as an annexe of the National Gallery in 1897. The Tate Gallery, as it was formerly known, also became a major centre for modern art; in 2000 this collection moved to Tate Modern, a new gallery housed in the former Bankside Power Station. Question: What is the National Portrait Gallery known for housing? Answer: depictions of figures from British history Question: London's Tate Britain and Tate Modern galleries were formerly one entity known as what? Answer: The Tate Gallery Question: What cultural and scientific hub was named in honor of Queen Victoria's husband? Answer: Albertopolis Question: What London museum was named for an historic Queen of England and her Prince husband? Answer: the Victoria and Albert Museum (for the applied arts) Question: What was the original purpose for the construction of the Tate Gallery? Answer: as an annexe of the National Gallery
Context: Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers mention it). The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury v. Madison. There were protests by some at this decision, born chiefly of political expediency, but political realities in the particular case paradoxically restrained opposing views from asserting themselves. For this reason, precedent alone established the principle that a court may strike down a law it deems unconstitutional. Question: Who is responsible for judicial review? Answer: Courts Question: What is the court case that established judicial review? Answer: Marbury v. Madison Question: Through which type of review does the Constitution check the executive and legislative branches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which case did the Constitution establish a precedent for judicial review? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Through which type of review does the President check the executive and legislative branches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which case did the Supreme Court establish a precedent for Federalist Papers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What abolished the principle that a court could strike down unconstitutional laws? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In mid-June 1940, when international attention was focused on the German invasion of France, Soviet NKVD troops raided border posts in Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia. State administrations were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres, in which 34,250 Latvians, 75,000 Lithuanians and almost 60,000 Estonians were deported or killed. Elections were held with single pro-Soviet candidates listed for many positions, with resulting peoples assemblies immediately requesting admission into the USSR, which was granted by the Soviet Union. The USSR annexed the whole of Lithuania, including the Scheschupe area, which was to be given to Germany. Question: Who invaded the countries of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia? Answer: Soviet NKVD Question: What region of Lithuania was to be turned over to the Nazis? Answer: Scheschupe area Question: Of the three countries invaded, which lost the least amount of people through deportation or loss of life? Answer: Latvia Question: How did these countries become part of the USSR? Answer: Elections were held with single pro-Soviet candidates Question: Who left the countries of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What region of Lithuania wasn't to be turned over to the Nazis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What region of Lithuania was to be turned over to the French? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Of the three countries invaded, which lost the most amount of people through deportation or loss of life? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How didn't these countries become part of the USSR? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A watt balance is an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units. From the definition of the conventional watt W90, this gives a measure of the product KJ2RK in SI units, where RK is the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect. If the theoretical treatments of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect are valid, and in particular assuming that RK = h/e2, the measurement of KJ2RK is a direct determination of the Planck constant. Question: What is a watt balance? Answer: an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units Question: What value does RK represent? Answer: the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect Question: If the effects are valid, for RK = n/e2, what is the measurement of KJ2RK equal to? Answer: the Planck constant Question: What does a watt balance avoid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What value does RM represent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the measurement of KJ2RR equal to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What gives gives a measure of the product KJ2RR in SI units? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Lee and freelance artist and eventual co-plotter Jack Kirby's Fantastic Four originated in a Cold War culture that led their creators to revise the superhero conventions of previous eras to better reflect the psychological spirit of their age. Eschewing such comic-book tropes as secret identities and even costumes at first, having a monster as one of the heroes, and having its characters bicker and complain in what was later called a "superheroes in the real world" approach, the series represented a change that proved to be a great success. Question: Who joined with Stan Lee in creating the Fantastic Four? Answer: Jack Kirby Question: What historic era did the Fantastic Four initially inhabit? Answer: Cold War Question: What traditional superhero element did the Fantastic Four initially do without? Answer: costumes Question: None of the Fantastic Four had what hidden element so common to other superheroes? Answer: secret identities Question: The emphasis on relatable settings and character motivations in Marvel's 1960s comics is called what? Answer: "superheroes in the real world" Question: What tradition did Marvel embrace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What historic era was Marvel trying to eschew? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote comics that focused on secret identities and costumes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Choosing to follow comic book tradition and tropes was called what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What war was Jack Kirby in? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies. Question: When was importation of slaves banned in Saint Helena? Answer: 1792 Question: The emancipation of the slaves of Saint Helena did not take place until what year? Answer: 1827 Question: Who banned slavery in their colonies? Answer: British Parliament Question: Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on Saint Helena? Answer: 800
Context: Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey. They received 2500 wedding gifts from around the world. Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell. In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either. Question: When were Elizabeth and Philip married? Answer: 20 November 1947 Question: At what famous cathedral was Elizabeth married? Answer: Westminster Abbey Question: How many wedding gifts did Elizabeth and Philip receive? Answer: 2500 Question: Who designed Elizabeth's wedding gown? Answer: Norman Hartnell Question: What former King was not invited to the wedding? Answer: Duke of Windsor Question: How many gifts did Elizabeth and Philip receive from British citizens? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people attended Elizabeth and Philip's wedding? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many sisters did Philip have in all? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did King Edward VIII abdicate the throne? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many ration coupons did Elizabeth need to buy for her gown? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Around 1890, a political movement developed in the United States to mandate private executions. Several states enacted laws which required executions to be conducted within a "wall" or "enclosure" to "exclude public view." For example, in 1919, the Missouri legislature adopted a statute (L.1919, p. 781) which required, "the sentence of death should be executed within the county jail, if convenient, and otherwise within an enclosure near the jail." The Missouri law permitted the local sheriff to distribute passes to individuals (usually local citizens) whom he believed should witness the hanging, but the sheriffs – for various reasons – sometimes denied passes to individuals who wanted to watch. Missouri executions conducted after 1919 were not "public" because they were conducted behind closed walls, and the general public was not permitted to attend. Question: In what year did Missouri pass a law stating that executions should be inside of or near a jail? Answer: 1919 Question: What procedure did Missouri use to execute prisoners in 1919? Answer: hanging Question: In the Missouri of 1919, who handed out passes to witness executions? Answer: the local sheriff Question: In approximately what year did a movement in favor of private executions begin in the US? Answer: 1890 Question: In what year did Missouri pass a law stating that executions should be outside of a jail? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What procedure did Missouri use to free prisoners in 1919? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the Missouri of 1959, who handed out passes to witness executions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In approximately what year did a movement in favor of public executions begin in the US? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment. It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability. Question: What show helped launched the career of Kelly Clarkson? Answer: American Idol Question: What show helped launched the career of Carrie Underwood? Answer: American Idol Question: What show helped launched the career of Daughtry? Answer: American Idol
Context: The Roman physician Galen also argued for the importance of the brain, and theorized in some depth about how it might work. Galen traced out the anatomical relationships among brain, nerves, and muscles, demonstrating that all muscles in the body are connected to the brain through a branching network of nerves. He postulated that nerves activate muscles mechanically by carrying a mysterious substance he called pneumata psychikon, usually translated as "animal spirits". Galen's ideas were widely known during the Middle Ages, but not much further progress came until the Renaissance, when detailed anatomical study resumed, combined with the theoretical speculations of René Descartes and those who followed him. Descartes, like Galen, thought of the nervous system in hydraulic terms. He believed that the highest cognitive functions are carried out by a non-physical res cogitans, but that the majority of behaviors of humans, and all behaviors of animals, could be explained mechanistically. Question: The physician Galen was from which country in history? Answer: Roman Question: What period in history was anatomical studies of nerves greatly increased? Answer: the Renaissance Question: Who coined the term pneumata psychikon? Answer: The Roman physician Galen Question: Penumata psychikon is usually translated as what? Answer: animal spirits
Context: The gospels of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament describe Mary as a virgin (Greek: παρθένος, parthénos) and Christians believe that she conceived her son while a virgin by the Holy Spirit. This took place when she was already betrothed to Joseph and was awaiting the concluding rite of marriage, the formal home-taking ceremony. She married Joseph and accompanied him to Bethlehem, where Jesus was born. According to ancient Jewish custom, Mary could have been betrothed at about 12, however, there is no direct evidence of Mary's age at betrothal or in pregnancy. The term "betrothal" is an awkward translation of kiddushin; according to the Jewish law those called "betrothed" were actually husband and wife. Question: How old was Mary when she met Joseph? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Mary first meet Joseph? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How old was Mary when she conceived? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Mary born? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transparent lid. It can be used effectively with partially overcast skies and will typically reach temperatures of 90–150 °C (194–302 °F). Panel cookers use a reflective panel to direct sunlight onto an insulated container and reach temperatures comparable to box cookers. Reflector cookers use various concentrating geometries (dish, trough, Fresnel mirrors) to focus light on a cooking container. These cookers reach temperatures of 315 °C (599 °F) and above but require direct light to function properly and must be repositioned to track the Sun. Question: Horace de Saussure built the first box cooker in what year? Answer: 1767 Question: Reflector cookers can reach temperatures in Celsius of up to what? Answer: 315 Question: What are solar cookers used for? Answer: cooking, drying and pasteurization Question: What are the 3 main categories of solar cookers? Answer: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers Question: Who created the box cooker? Answer: Horace de Saussure Question: What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker? Answer: 90–150 °C (194–302 °F) Question: What do reflector cookers require to function? Answer: direct light
Context: Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausible etymology proposes that the term Somali is derived from the Arabic for "wealthy" (dhawamaal), again referring to Somali riches in livestock. Question: From whom are several Somali clans descended? Answer: Irir Samaale Question: From what words is the term 'Somali' generally regarded as being derived? Answer: soo and maal Question: What does 'soo and maal' mean in English? Answer: go and milk Question: What word in Arabic means 'wealthy' in English? Answer: dhawamaal Question: What resource traditionally comprised Somali wealth? Answer: livestock
Context: In March 2006, the foundation announced a US$5 million grant for the International Justice Mission (IJM), a human rights organization based in Washington, D.C., US to work in the area of sex trafficking. The official announcement explained that the grant would allow the IJM to "create a replicable model for combating sex trafficking and slavery" that would involve the opening of an office in a region with high rates of sex trafficking, following research. The office was opened for three years for the following purposes: "conducting undercover investigations, training law enforcement, rescuing victims, ensuring appropriate aftercare, and seeking perpetrator accountability". Question: What did the foundation announce in March 2006 Answer: n March 2006, the foundation announced a US$5 million grant for the International Justice Mission (IJM) Question: What is the International Justice Mission Answer: a human rights organization based in Washington, D.C., US to work in the area of sex trafficking. Question: What would the grant allow the IJM to do Answer: the grant would allow the IJM to "create a replicable model for combating sex trafficking and slavery Question: What did the office that ijm opened do specifically Answer: conducting undercover investigations, training law enforcement, rescuing victims, ensuring appropriate aftercare, and seeking perpetrator accountability". Question: How much was the grant for the IJM for working in the area of training law enforcement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the undercover investigation organization based in Washington DC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will the foundation office use the grant for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the area of the foundation organization have high rates of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the IJM as a law enforcement organization based? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master Mason. In all of these ceremonies, the candidate is entrusted with passwords, signs and grips peculiar to his new rank. Another ceremony is the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge. In some jurisdictions Installed Master is valued as a separate rank, with its own secrets to distinguish its members. In other jurisdictions, the grade is not recognised, and no inner ceremony conveys new secrets during the installation of a new Master of the Lodge. Question: What do most masonic rituals consist of? Answer: degree ceremonies Question: What is the first degree of Masonry? Answer: Entered Apprentice Question: What is the second degree of Masonry? Answer: Fellowcraft Question: What is the final degree of Masonry? Answer: Master Mason Question: What things come with each new degree in Freemasonry? Answer: passwords, signs and grips Question: The bulk of Masonic rituals consist of what? Answer: degree ceremonies Question: What is the first of degree ceremonies? Answer: the degree of Entered Apprentice Question: What comes after the degree of Entered Apprentice? Answer: the degree of Fellowcraft Question: What is the final degree in the Freemasons? Answer: the degree of Master Mason Question: What annual ceremony do Freemasons have? Answer: the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge Question: What do no masonic rituals consist of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the ninth degree of Masonry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the eighth degree of Masonry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is no longer the final degree of Masonry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What quarterly ceremony do Freemasons have? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In contemporary society, adolescents also face some risks as their sexuality begins to transform. While some of these, such as emotional distress (fear of abuse or exploitation) and sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STIs/STDs), including HIV/AIDS, are not necessarily inherent to adolescence, others such as teenage pregnancy (through non-use or failure of contraceptives) are seen as social problems in most western societies. One in four sexually active teenagers will contract an STI. Adolescents in the United States often chose "anything but intercourse" for sexual activity because they mistakenly believe it reduces the risk of STIs. Across the country, clinicians report rising diagnoses of herpes and human papillomavirus (HPV), which can cause genital warts, and is now thought to affect 15 percent of the teen population. Girls 15 to 19 have higher rates of gonorrhea than any other age group. One-quarter of all new HIV cases occur in those under the age of 21. Multrine also states in her article that according to a March survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, eighty-one percent of parents want schools to discuss the use of condoms and contraception with their children. They also believe students should be able to be tested for STIs. Furthermore, teachers want to address such topics with their students. But, although 9 in 10 sex education instructors across the country believe that students should be taught about contraceptives in school, over one quarter report receiving explicit instructions from school boards and administrators not to do so. According to anthropologist Margaret Mead, the turmoil found in adolescence in Western society has a cultural rather than a physical cause; they reported that societies where young women engaged in free sexual activity had no such adolescent turmoil. Question: What percentage of sexually active teenagers will contract an STI? Answer: One in four Question: What percent of the teenage population is affected by herpes and HPV? Answer: 15 Question: Girls ages 15 to 19 have higher rates of what STD than any other age group? Answer: gonorrhea Question: What ratio of all new HIV cases occur in those under age 21? Answer: One-quarter Question: According to a survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, what percentage of parents want schools to discuss contraception with their children? Answer: eighty-one percent
Context: Callaghan had been widely expected to call a general election in the autumn of 1978 when most opinion polls showed Labour to have a narrow lead. However he decided to extend his wage restraint policy for another year hoping that the economy would be in a better shape for a 1979 election. But during the winter of 1978–79 there were widespread strikes among lorry drivers, railway workers, car workers and local government and hospital workers in favour of higher pay-rises that caused significant disruption to everyday life. These events came to be dubbed the "Winter of Discontent". Question: In what year was Labour shown to have a slight lead? Answer: 1978 Question: Who were some of the people striking in 1978-1979? Answer: lorry drivers Question: Why were they striking? Answer: higher pay Question: What was this strike called? Answer: Winter of Discontent Question: Who did no one expect to call for a general election? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the widespread strikes end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why were farmers striking? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was called the "summer of discontent"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group of people never went on strike? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The early port settlement of Plymouth, called "Sutton", approximates to the area now referred to as the Barbican and has 100 listed buildings and the largest concentration of cobbled streets in Britain. The Pilgrim Fathers left for the New World in 1620 near the commemorative Mayflower Steps in Sutton Pool. Also on Sutton Pool is the National Marine Aquarium which displays 400 marine species and includes Britain's deepest aquarium tank. Question: What was the name of the port once situated on the land occupied by present day Plymouth? Answer: Sutton Question: When did the Pilgrim Fathers depart Plymouth for the Americas? Answer: 1620 Question: What monument commemorates the departure of the Pilgrim Fathers? Answer: Mayflower Steps Question: How many marine species are present at the National Marine Aquarium? Answer: 400 Question: How many listed buildings are present in the Barbican area? Answer: 100
Context: Samba Schools are large, social entities with thousands of members and a theme for their song and parade each year. In Rio Carnival, samba schoolsparade in the Sambadrome ("sambódromo" in Portuguese). Some of the most famous include GRES Estação Primeira de Mangueira, GRES Portela, GRES Imperatriz Leopoldinense, GRES Beija-Flor de Nilópolis, GRES Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel, and recently, Unidos da Tijuca and GRES União da Ilha do Governador. Local tourists pay $500–950, depending on the costume, to buy a Samba costume and dance in the parade. Blocos are small informal groups with a definite theme in their samba, usually satirizing the political situation. About 30 schools in Rio gather hundreds of thousands of participants. More than 440 blocos operate in Rio. Bandas are samba musical bands, also called "street carnival bands", usually formed within a single neighborhood or musical back-ground. The Carnival industry chain amassed in 2012 almost US$1 billion in revenues. Question: How many members do Samba Schools have? Answer: thousands Question: How much does a Samba costume typically run an average tourist to buy? Answer: $500–950 Question: What's the name for small, somewhat random groups of people with a definite theme in their samba? Answer: Blocos Question: About how many Samba schools are in Rio? Answer: 30 Question: How much money in US dollars did the Carnival industry make in 2012? Answer: 1 billion
Context: Web browsers consist of a user interface, layout engine, rendering engine, JavaScript interpreter, UI backend, networking component and data persistence component. These components achieve different functionalities of a web browser and together provide all capabilities of a web browser. Question: A user interface, UI backend, layout engine and other things are part of what? Answer: Web browsers Question: The layout engine, rendering engine, user interface and other things are components that offer different what of web browsers? Answer: functionalities Question: What are two things that make up a UI backend? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a JavaScript interpreter achieve in a layout engine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do a rendering engine and a user interface create when only used with each other? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What parts of a layout engine make up a data persistence component? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a user interface achieve when part of a UI backend? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city slopes gently from the northwest to southeast on a till plain composed largely of glacial and lake clay. The most notable topographical feature in the city is the Detroit Moraine, a broad clay ridge on which the older portions of Detroit and Windsor sit atop, rising approximately 62 feet (19 m) above the river at its highest point. The highest elevation in the city is located directly north of Gorham Playground on the northwest side approximately three blocks south of 8 Mile Road, at a height of 675 to 680 feet (206 to 207 m). Detroit's lowest elevation is along the Detroit River, at a surface height of 572 feet (174 m). Question: What is the prominent topographical feature in Detroit? Answer: Detroit Moraine Question: How tall is the tallest point in Detroit? Answer: 675 to 680 feet Question: What is the lowest point in Detroit along side? Answer: Detroit River Question: What material is the Detroit Moraine composed of? Answer: clay
Context: On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, "This crusade – this war on terrorism – is going to take a while, ... " Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, "(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated." Question: When did George W. Bush first say 'war on terrorism'? Answer: 16 September 2001 Question: Which word did George W. Bush apologize for using when talking about the war? Answer: crusade Question: When did George W. Bush first say 'war on terror'? Answer: 20 September 2001 Question: Where did Bush say the 'war on terror' begins? Answer: with al-Qaeda Question: When did Bush say the 'war on terror' ends? Answer: every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated Question: What controversial term did George W. Bush use on 20 September 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did George W. Bush give his 20 September 2001 address from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What part of the government did George W. Bush address on 16 September 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What day did George W. Bush apologize for the word crusade? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Bush during the televised address? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who protested the use of the word crusade? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What faith used the term "crusade" in reference to terrorism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the second time Bush referred to the war as a crusade? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: West has been an outspoken and controversial celebrity throughout his career, receiving both criticism and praise from many, including the mainstream media, other artists and entertainers, and two U.S. presidents. On September 2, 2005, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina relief on NBC, A Concert for Hurricane Relief, West (a featured speaker) accused President George W. Bush of not "car[ing] about black people". When West was presenting alongside actor Mike Myers, he deviated from the prepared script to criticize the media's portrayal of hurricane victims, saying: Question: During what show did Kanye take an opportunity to criticize the efforts of a U.S. President? Answer: A Concert for Hurricane Relief Question: Which U.S. President did Kanye criticize after the events of Hurricane Katrina? Answer: George W. Bush Question: Which President did Kanye West accuse of "Not caring for black people"? Answer: George W. Bush Question: On what day did the Kanye's famous George W. Bush criticism take place? Answer: September 2, 2005
Context: Rachel Cain, co-founder of an influential Trax Records, was previously involved in the burgeoning punk scene and cites industrial and post-punk record store Wax Trax! Records as an important connection between the ever-changing underground sounds of Chicago. As most proto-house DJs were primarily stuck to playing their conventional ensemble of dance records, Frankie Knuckles and Ron Hardy, two influential pioneers of house music, were known for their out-of-bounds behavior. The former, credited as "the Godfather of House," worked primarily with early disco music with a hint of new and different music (whether it was post-punk or post-disco) but still enjoying a variety of music, while the latter produced unconventional DIY mixtapes which he later played straight-on in the music club Muzic Box, boiling with raw energy. Marshall Jefferson, who would later appear with the Chicago house classic "Move Your Body (The House-Music Anthem)," (originally released on Chicago-based Trax Records) got involved in house music after hearing Ron Hardy's music in Muzic Box. Question: Who is Rachel Cain? Answer: co-founder of an influential Trax Records Question: Who were Frankie Knuckles and ron hardy? Answer: two influential pioneers of house music Question: what was the nickname of frankie knuckles? Answer: "the Godfather of House," Question: marshall jefferson got involved in house music after hearing whose music? Answer: Ron Hardy's Question: what was ron hardy's music released in? Answer: Muzic Box Question: Who is Rachel Chicago? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were Frankie Hardy and Ron Knuckles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the nickname of Ron Knuckles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Ron Knuckles got involved in house music after hearing whose music? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Ron Knuckles's music released in? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies. Other rivalries within London include those with Chelsea, Fulham and West Ham United. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed Manchester United as Arsenal's biggest rivals, followed by Tottenham and Chelsea. A 2008 poll listed the Tottenham rivalry as more important. Question: What football club is Arsenal's greatest rival? Answer: Tottenham Hotspur Question: Since the Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspurs are geographically so close , what is the contest between them called? Answer: North London derbies Question: What club has Arsenal have an increased rivalry since the 1980s? Answer: Manchester United Question: What competition sparked the rivalry with Manchester? Answer: Premier League title Question: What year's poll of supporters said that the Tottenham rivalry was greatest? Answer: 2008 Question: Who is Chelsea's biggest rivalry with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A 2008 poll showed which team is West Ham United's biggest rival? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to a 2003 online poll who is Fulham's biggest rival club? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was West Ham United founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are matches between Chelsea and Manchester United called? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Unlike his predecessors and successors, Paul VI refused to excommunicate the opponents. He admonished but did not punish those with other views. The new theological freedoms which he fostered resulted in a pluralism of opinions and uncertainties among the faithful. New demands were voiced, which were taboo at the Council, the reintegration of divorced Catholics, the sacramental character of the confession, and the role of women in the Church and its ministries. Conservatives complained, that "women wanted to be priests, priests wanted to get married, bishops became regional popes and theologians claimed absolute teaching authority. Protestants claimed equality, homosexuals and divorced called for full acceptance." Changes such as the reorientation of the liturgy, alterations to the ordinary of the Mass, alterations to the liturgical calendar in the motu proprio Mysterii Paschalis, and the relocation of the tabernacle were controversial among some Catholics. Question: Who did Paul VI refuse to excommunicate? Answer: opponents Question: What did many other Catholics and Christians consider Paul VI reforms to be? Answer: controversial Question: To what can the dissent among Catholics be attributed to during Paul VI's papacy? Answer: theological freedoms Question: What was the reintroduction of divorced Catholics into the church considered to be by the Council? Answer: taboo
Context: In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., published the company's first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1961, IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include sex, national origin, and age. The following year, IBM hosted its first Invention Award Dinner honoring 34 outstanding IBM inventors; and in 1963, the company named the first eight IBM Fellows in a new Fellowship Program that recognizes senior IBM scientists, engineers and other professionals for outstanding technical achievements. Question: Who published IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter? Answer: Thomas J. Watson, Jr Question: In what year was IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter published? Answer: 1952 Question: In 1961 IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include what? Answer: sex, national origin, and age Question: How many inventors were honored at IBM's first Invention Award Dinner? Answer: 34 Question: Starting in 1963 IBM started a program by naming 8 of these. Answer: IBM Fellows Question: What was published by the Board of Education in 1952? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the judgement in Brown vs. Board of Education cause to be added to IBM hiring policy in 1952? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people were involved in the Brown vs. Board of Education case? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act was adopted in 1952? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was hosted by the Board of Education for the first time in 1962? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting the presence of substances produced by pathogens, and by directly identifying an organism by its genotype. Other techniques (such as X-rays, CAT scans, PET scans or NMR) are used to produce images of internal abnormalities resulting from the growth of an infectious agent. The images are useful in detection of, for example, a bone abscess or a spongiform encephalopathy produced by a prion. Question: How is diagnosis of infectious disease almost always initiated? Answer: by medical history and physical examination Question: What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient allow? Answer: detailed identification Question: What features of an infectious organism does a culture allow examining? Answer: microscopic features Question: What can organisms be directly identified by? Answer: its genotype Question: What technique can be used to produce images of internal abnormalities? Answer: X-rays, CAT scans, PET scans or NMR Question: How is diagnosis of infectious disease rarely initiated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient restrict? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What features of an infectious organism does a culture forbid examining? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can organisms never be directly identified by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What technique can be used to produce images of external abnormalities? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), in order to promote international relations has established an International Relations Secretariat (IRC). KMC's first international relationship was established in 1975 with the city of Eugene, Oregon, United States. This activity has been further enhanced by establishing formal relationships with 8 other cities: Motsumoto City of Japan, Rochester of the USA, Yangon (formerly Rangoon) of Myanmar, Xi'an of the People's Republic of China, Minsk of Belarus, and Pyongyang of the Democratic Republic of Korea. KMC's constant endeavor is to enhance its interaction with SAARC countries, other International agencies and many other major cities of the world to achieve better urban management and developmental programs for Kathmandu. Question: In what US state did Kathmandu first establish an international relationship? Answer: Oregon Question: What was Yangon previously known as? Answer: Rangoon Question: With what Belorussian city does Kathmandu have a relationship? Answer: Minsk Question: In what year did Kathmandu create its initial international relationship? Answer: 1975 Question: What is KMC an initialism of? Answer: Kathmandu Metropolitan City
Context: George Gaylord Simpson's "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (AMNH Bulletin v. 85, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century. Since Simpson's classification, the paleontological record has been recalibrated, and the intervening years have seen much debate and progress concerning the theoretical underpinnings of systematization itself, partly through the new concept of cladistics. Though field work gradually made Simpson's classification outdated, it remained the closest thing to an official classification of mammals. Question: Who wrote the "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals? Answer: George Gaylord Simpson Question: Simpson laid the systematics of mammal origins and was taught universally up until the end of what century? Answer: 20th Question: Which new concept has greatly taken over Simpsons much debated theoretical systematization? Answer: cladistics Question: What did Simpson lay out that was universally taught until 1945? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the original source for the paleontoligical record? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened since the classification by the AMNH? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What taxonomy took over AMNH's debated systematization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Up until what century were cladistics universally taught? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city's location was chosen, in part, for being within 11 mi (18 km) of Isaac Hunter's Tavern, a popular tavern frequented by the state legislators. No known city or town existed previously on the chosen city site. Raleigh is one of the few cities in the United States that was planned and built specifically to serve as a state capital. Its original boundaries were formed by the downtown streets of North, East, West and South streets. The plan, a grid with two main axes meeting at a central square and an additional square in each corner, was based on Thomas Holme's 1682 plan for Philadelphia. Question: How many miles is the city from Isaac's Tavern? Answer: 11 Question: Why is Isaac Hunter's Tavern popular? Answer: state legislators. Question: What was Raleigh as a city? Answer: planned Question: What were the original boundaries? Answer: the downtown streets of North, East, West and South streets Question: What city was the plan based on? Answer: Philadelphia Question: Who does not go to Isaac Hunter's Tavern? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the modern boundaries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city was the plan not inspired by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who planned Raleigh? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the opposite of a grid system? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A second New Haven gastronomical claim to fame is Louis' Lunch, which is located in a small brick building on Crown Street and has been serving fast food since 1895. Though fiercely debated, the restaurant's founder Louis Lassen is credited by the Library of Congress with inventing the hamburger and steak sandwich. Louis' Lunch broils hamburgers, steak sandwiches and hot dogs vertically in original antique 1898 cast iron stoves using gridirons, patented by local resident Luigi Pieragostini in 1939, that hold the meat in place while it cooks. Question: What landmark New Haven fast food establishment is located on Crown Street? Answer: Louis' Lunch Question: In what year did Louis' Lunch begin serving fast food in New Haven? Answer: 1895 Question: Who is the founder of Louis' Lunch in New Haven? Answer: Louis Lassen Question: What body of the federal government credits New Haven resident Louis Lassen with inventing the hamburger and steak sandwich? Answer: Library of Congress Question: Which New Haven resident patented a cast iron stove using grid irons in 1939? Answer: Luigi Pieragostini Question: Louis' Lunch is popular for serving what? Answer: the hamburger Question: What specifically how does Louis' Lunch cooks its' food? Answer: 1898 cast iron stoves using gridirons Question: When was Louis's Lunch found? Answer: 1895
Context: Above the forestry, there is often a band of short pine trees (Pinus mugo), which is in turn superseded by Alpenrosen, dwarf shrubs, typically Rhododendron ferrugineum (on acid soils) or Rhododendron hirsutum (on alkaline soils). Although the Alpenrose prefers acidic soil, the plants are found throughout the region. Above the tree line is the area defined as "alpine" where in the alpine meadow plants are found that have adapted well to harsh conditions of cold temperatures, aridity, and high altitudes. The alpine area fluctuates greatly because of regional fluctuations in tree lines. Question: What is often above the forestry? Answer: a band of short pine trees Question: What type of soil does Alpenrose prefer? Answer: acidic soil Question: What is the area above the treeline defined as? Answer: alpine Question: Why does the alpine area fluctuate greatly? Answer: because of regional fluctuations in tree lines.
Context: Energy gives rise to weight when it is trapped in a system with zero momentum, where it can be weighed. It is also equivalent to mass, and this mass is always associated with it. Mass is also equivalent to a certain amount of energy, and likewise always appears associated with it, as described in mass-energy equivalence. The formula E = mc², derived by Albert Einstein (1905) quantifies the relationship between rest-mass and rest-energy within the concept of special relativity. In different theoretical frameworks, similar formulas were derived by J. J. Thomson (1881), Henri Poincaré (1900), Friedrich Hasenöhrl (1904) and others (see Mass-energy equivalence#History for further information). Question: When does energy give rise to weight? Answer: when it is trapped in a system with zero momentum Question: Mass is also equivalent to what? Answer: certain amount of energy Question: Who created the formula E = mc2? Answer: Albert Einstein Question: In what year did Einstein create E = mc2? Answer: 1905 Question: What quantifies the relationship between rest-mass and rest-energy within the concept of special relativity? Answer: E = mc² Question: When does energy give rise to height? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Mass is not equivalent to what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who created the formula E = nc2? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Weinstein create E = mc2? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What quantifies the relationship between rest-mass and rest-energy outside of the concept of special relativity? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most Israelis are drafted into the military at the age of 18. Men serve two years and eight months and women two years. Following mandatory service, Israeli men join the reserve forces and usually do up to several weeks of reserve duty every year until their forties. Most women are exempt from reserve duty. Arab citizens of Israel (except the Druze) and those engaged in full-time religious studies are exempt from military service, although the exemption of yeshiva students has been a source of contention in Israeli society for many years. An alternative for those who receive exemptions on various grounds is Sherut Leumi, or national service, which involves a program of service in hospitals, schools and other social welfare frameworks. As a result of its conscription program, the IDF maintains approximately 176,500 active troops and an additional 445,000 reservists. Question: What age are most Israelis drafted into the military? Answer: 18 Question: How long do women serve in the military? Answer: two years Question: What citizens are exempt from military service? Answer: Arab citizens
Context: The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors. From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s. Question: What style of logo did Chapman introduce in the 1930s? Answer: Art Deco Question: Of what is the early logo of Arsenal an example? Answer: corporate logo Question: Where is the Art Deco style badge design used prominently? Answer: Highbury Stadium Question: What Arsenal club nickname sometimes appeared on club shirts? Answer: The Gunners Question: When was the white canon logo replaced with the club crest? Answer: 1990s Question: In what decade did Herbert Chapman join Arsenal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what decade was Arsenal nicknamed as "The Gunners"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was worn on Arsenal shirts prior to 1967? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what art style is the white cannon drawn? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The early 1990s additionally saw the rise in mainstream US popularity for house music. Pop recording artist Madonna's 1990 single "Vogue" became an international hit single and topped the US charts. The single is credited as helping to bring house music to the US mainstream. Question: what madonna single is credited as helping bring house music to the mainstream? Answer: Vogue Question: when was madonna's hit single "vogue" released? Answer: 1990 Question: what decade did house music hit the mainstream in the us? Answer: 1990s Question: who sang the hit single "vogue"? Answer: Madonna Question: how well did madonna's single "vogue" do in the us? Answer: topped the US charts Question: What Madonna single is credited as helping bring US music to the mainstream? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Madonna's hit single "House" released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What decade did Madonna's music hit the mainstream in the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who sang the hit single "Pop"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How well did Madonna's single "Pop" do in the US? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry. As slavery became a racial caste, those who were enslaved and others of any African ancestry were classified by what is termed "hypodescent" according to the lower status ethnic group. Many of majority European ancestry and appearance "married white" and assimilated into white society for its social and economic advantages, such as generations of families identified as Melungeons, now generally classified as white but demonstrated genetically to be of European and sub-Saharan African ancestry. Question: Americans with African ancestry have always been classified as what race? Answer: black (historically) or African American Question: What were slaves and others of African ancestry classified by what term? Answer: hypodescent Question: Melungeons are generally classified as white but what are they genetically what other races? Answer: European and sub-Saharan African ancestry Question: What did many with European ancetry "marry white" and want to be part of the white society? Answer: for its social and economic advantages Question: Which Americans have been historically classified as African American or black? Answer: Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry Question: What caused lower classification status for African Americans? Answer: slavery became a racial caste Question: How did many multiracial Americans attain social and economic advantages? Answer: Many of majority European ancestry and appearance "married white" and assimilated into white society Question: What is the group called who are genetically sub Saharan and European but are classified as white? Answer: Melungeons, Question: What are some historical reasons multiracial Americans have been classified as black? Answer: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation Question: What is Melungeon? Answer: genetically to be of European and sub-Saharan African ancestry. Question: What does it mean to have "marred white"? Answer: assimilated into white society Question: What were slaves and Africans classified by? Answer: hypodescent Question: What were those with Sub-Saharan African ancestory classified as? Answer: black (historically) or African American Question: Who has frequently been classified as Hispanic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were people of European ancestry classified by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of people assimilated into black society? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did people choose not to assimilate into white society? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What families have been demonstrated genetically to be of Asian and African ancestry? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city is bisected geographically and culturally by the North Canadian River, which basically divides North Oklahoma City and South Oklahoma City. The two halves of the city were actually founded and plotted as separate cities, but soon grew together. The north side is characterized by very diverse and fashionable urban neighborhoods near the city center and sprawling suburbs further north. South Oklahoma City is generally more blue collar working class and significantly more industrial, having grown up around the Stockyards and meat packing plants at the turn of the century, and is currently the center of the city's rapidly growing Latino community. Question: Which side is known for primarily being industrial? Answer: South Oklahoma City Question: Which side is more urban and fashionable? Answer: North Oklahoma City
Context: DST's clock shifts have the obvious disadvantage of complexity. People must remember to change their clocks; this can be time-consuming, particularly for mechanical clocks that cannot be moved backward safely. People who work across time zone boundaries need to keep track of multiple DST rules, as not all locations observe DST or observe it the same way. The length of the calendar day becomes variable; it is no longer always 24 hours. Disruption to meetings, travel, broadcasts, billing systems, and records management is common, and can be expensive. During an autumn transition from 02:00 to 01:00, a clock reads times from 01:00:00 through 01:59:59 twice, possibly leading to confusion. Question: During the fall time shift from 02:00 to 01:00, how many times will a clock show the times between 01:00:00 and 01:59:59? Answer: twice Question: What might a clock showing the same times twice in one day lead to? Answer: confusion Question: What do people often have trouble remembering to do for DST? Answer: change their clocks Question: What added complexity do people working across time zones have to keep track of? Answer: multiple DST rules
Context: Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their "bright college years," though in recent history the pipes have been replaced with "bubble pipes". ("Bright College Years," the University's alma mater, was penned in 1881 by Henry Durand, Class of 1881, to the tune of Die Wacht am Rhein.) Yale's student tour guides tell visitors that students consider it good luck to rub the toe of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey on Old Campus. Actual students rarely do so. In the second half of the 20th century Bladderball, a campus-wide game played with a large inflatable ball, became a popular tradition but was banned by administration due to safety concerns. In spite of administration opposition, students revived the game in 2009, 2011, and 2014, but its future remains uncertain. Question: What do seniors crush to celebrate graduation? Answer: clay pipes Question: What do they destroy now instead of clay pipes? Answer: bubble pipes Question: What statue is it rumored to be good luck to rub? Answer: Theodore Dwight Woolsey on Old Campus Question: What part of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey is it said to be good luck to rub? Answer: the toe Question: What game was created, to later be banned by administration? Answer: Bladderball Question: What do juniors crush to celebrate graduation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do they destroy now with clay pipes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What statue is it rumored to be bad luck to rub? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What part of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey is it said to be bad luck to rub? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What game was created, to later be joined by administration? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Citing the inability of the Joint Commission to make progress, the U.S. government decided to hold an election under United Nations auspices with the aim of creating an independent Korea. The Soviet authorities and the Korean Communists refused to co-operate on the grounds it would not be fair, and many South Korean politicians also boycotted it. A general election was held in the South on 10 May 1948. It was marred by terrorism and sabotage resulting in 600 deaths. North Korea held parliamentary elections three months later on 25 August. Question: What did the Joint Commission's lack of progress cause the US government to do? Answer: hold an election Question: Why did the Korean Communists and the Soviets refuse to cooperate in the elections and creation of independent Korea? Answer: it would not be fair Question: When was the South Korean general election held? Answer: 10 May 1948 Question: What problems did the elections face? Answer: terrorism and sabotage Question: Who held parliamentary elections on August 25, 1948? Answer: North Korea
Context: 40°48′32″N 73°57′14″W / 40.8088°N 73.9540°W / 40.8088; -73.9540 122nd Street is divided into three noncontiguous segments, E 122nd Street, W 122nd Street, and W 122nd Street Seminary Row, by Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and Morningside Park. Question: Which memorial park divides 122nd Street? Answer: Marcus Garvey Question: Which park divides 122nd Street along with Marcus Garvey Memorial Park? Answer: Morningside Park Question: How many segments is 122nd Street divided into? Answer: three Question: Are 122nd Street's three segments contiguous or noncontiguous? Answer: noncontiguous
Context: Frederick II of Prussia had received reports of the clashes in North America and had formed an alliance with Great Britain. On 29 August 1756, he led Prussian troops across the border of Saxony, one of the small German states in league with Austria. He intended this as a bold pre-emption of an anticipated Austro-French invasion of Silesia. He had three goals in his new war on Austria. First, he would seize Saxony and eliminate it as a threat to Prussia, then using the Saxon army and treasury to aid the Prussian war effort. His second goal was to advance into Bohemia where he might set up winter quarters at Austria's expense. Thirdly, he wanted to invade Moravia from Silesia, seize the fortress at Olmütz, and advance on Vienna to force an end to the war. Question: How did Frederick II of Prussia respond to news of British and French clashes in North America? Answer: he led Prussian troops across the border of Saxony Question: What country was Saxony aligned with? Answer: Saxony, one of the small German states in league with Austria Question: Fpr what possession of Prussia was the Saxony invasion a distraction? Answer: pre-emption of an anticipated Austro-French invasion of Silesia Question: What was one goal of the invasion of Saxony? Answer: he would seize Saxony and eliminate it as a threat to Prussia Question: What was another goal of the invasion of Saxony? Answer: to advance into Bohemia where he might set up winter quarters at Austria's expense
Context: Polytechnics in Singapore provides industry oriented education equivalent to a junior college or sixth form college in the UK. Singapore retains a system similar but not the same as in the United Kingdom from 1970–1992, distinguishing between polytechnics and universities. Unlike the British Polytechnic (United Kingdom) system Singapore Polytechnics do not offer bachelors, masters or PhD degrees. Under this system, most Singaporean students sit for their O-Level examinations after a four or five years of education in secondary school, and apply for a place at either a technical school termed ITE, a polytechnic or a university-preparatory school (a junior college or the Millennia Institute, a centralized institute). Polytechnic graduates may be granted transfer credits when they apply to local and overseas universities, depending on the overall performance in their grades, as well as the university's policies on transfer credits. A few secondary schools are now offering six-year program which leads directly to university entrance. Question: What's the name of Singapore's centralized institute that students can attend before university? Answer: Millennia Institute
Context: Pesticides are often referred to according to the type of pest they control. Pesticides can also be considered as either biodegradable pesticides, which will be broken down by microbes and other living beings into harmless compounds, or persistent pesticides, which may take months or years before they are broken down: it was the persistence of DDT, for example, which led to its accumulation in the food chain and its killing of birds of prey at the top of the food chain. Another way to think about pesticides is to consider those that are chemical pesticides or are derived from a common source or production method. Question: What is one type of pesticide? Answer: biodegradable Question: How long may it take for persistent pesticides to be broken down? Answer: months or years Question: What quality caused DDT to build up in various organisms? Answer: persistence Question: What is one way to classify pesticides? Answer: type of pest they control Question: What is one characteristic that defines the nature of microbes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long do microbes live in the soil? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one way to classify birds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens when there are too many microbes in the soil? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where do microbes usually come from when in the environment? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Byzantine Empire was able to take advantage of the turmoil to expand its political influence and commercial relationships, first with the Khazars and later with the Rus' and other steppe groups. The Byzantines established the Theme of Cherson, formally known as Klimata, in the Crimea in the 830s to defend against raids by the Rus' and to protect vital grain shipments supplying Constantinople. Cherson also served as a key diplomatic link with the Khazars and others on the steppe, and it became the centre of Black Sea commerce. The Byzantines also helped the Khazars build a fortress at Sarkel on the Don river to protect their northwest frontier against incursions by the Turkic migrants and the Rus', and to control caravan trade routes and the portage between the Don and Volga rivers. Question: What did the Byzantine empire use to expand its political influence? Answer: turmoil Question: What teritory did the Byzantine empire hit first with their political beliefs? Answer: Khazars Question: What did the Byzantines help the Khazars with? Answer: build a fortress at Sarkel Question: What was established in the 800's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was written in 830? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was being protected in the 800's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Byzantines refuse to help the Khazars with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What served as a minor diplomatic link with the Khazars and others? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: "The mind-stuff of the world is, of course, something more general than our individual conscious minds.... The mind-stuff is not spread in space and time; these are part of the cyclic scheme ultimately derived out of it.... It is necessary to keep reminding ourselves that all knowledge of our environment from which the world of physics is constructed, has entered in the form of messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness.... Consciousness is not sharply defined, but fades into subconsciousness; and beyond that we must postulate something indefinite but yet continuous with our mental nature.... It is difficult for the matter-of-fact physicist to accept the view that the substratum of everything is of mental character. But no one can deny that mind is the first and most direct thing in our experience, and all else is remote inference." Question: How do receive information from the physical world? Answer: messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness Question: What type of consciousness is similar but not identical to consciousness itself? Answer: subconsciousness Question: What is the nature of the fundamental character of reality? Answer: mental Question: According to the author, who would have particular trouble in accepting that reality is fundamentally mental? Answer: physicist Question: What is the main thing that we experience? Answer: mind Question: What is more general that mind-stuff of the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is mind-stuff spread? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is sharply defined? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the matter-of-fact physicist easily accept? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the cyclic scheme transmitted by? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Around the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means "Enlightened Rule". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860s, marking the rapid modernization by the Japanese themselves along European lines. Much research has focused on the issues of discontinuity versus continuity with the previous Tokugawa Period. In the 1960s younger Japanese scholars led by Irokawa Daikichi, reacted against the bureaucratic superstate, and began searching for the historic role of the common people . They avoided the elite, and focused not on political events but on social forces and attitudes. They rejected both Marxism and modernization theory as alien and confining. They stressed the importance of popular energies in the development of modern Japan. They enlarged history by using the methods of social history. It was not until the beginning of the Meiji Era that the Japanese government began taking modernization seriously. Japan expanded its military production base by opening arsenals in various locations. The hyobusho (war office) was replaced with a War Department and a Naval Department. The samurai class suffered great disappointment the following years. Question: What was the Meija era marked by? Answer: the reign of the Meiji Emperor Question: How did Japan rise to be a world power during the Meja era? Answer: modernization Question: What does "Meija era" Answer: Enlightened Rule Question: When did the Meija restoration begin? Answer: 1860s Question: What did Irokawa Daikichi act out against? Answer: bureaucratic superstate
Context: Filming temporarily returned to England to shoot scenes at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, which stood in for a location in Rome, before moving on to the city itself for a five-week shoot across the city, with locations including the Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum. The production faced opposition from a variety of special interest groups and city authorities, who were concerned about the potential for damage to historical sites around the city, and problems with graffiti and rubbish appearing in the film. A car chase scene set along the banks of the Tiber River and through the streets of Rome featured an Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75. The C-X75 was originally developed as a hybrid electric vehicle with four independent electric engines powered by two jet turbines, before the project was cancelled. The version used for filming was converted to use a conventional internal combustion engine, to minimise the potential for disruption from mechanical problems with the complex hybrid system. The C-X75s used for filming were developed by the engineering division of Formula One racing team Williams, who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar. Question: What are two landmarks in Rome used in filming Spectre? Answer: Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum Question: Which group was responsible for the C-X75s featured in Spectre? Answer: Williams Question: For which auto maker did Williams first develop the C-X75? Answer: Jaguar Question: How many engines did the C-X75 originally have? Answer: four Question: Where in England were scenes shot that represented a location in Rome? Answer: Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire Question: What bridge in Rome was a filming location? Answer: the Ponte Sisto bridge Question: What two cars were featured in a chase scene along the banks of the Tiber River? Answer: Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75 Question: Which Formula One racing team developed the C-X75's used for filming. Answer: Williams Question: What company did the Williams Formula One team originally build the C-X75 prototype for? Answer: Jaguar. Question: The production faced support from a variety of what groups? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The production faced support from a variety of what authorities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A car crash was set along which river? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What palace in France was used for filming? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966. Question: How many satellite offices does the Royal Institute run in the UK? Answer: a dozen Question: When was RIBA's first satellite office opened? Answer: 1966 Question: In what city was the first RIBA branch office opened? Answer: Cambridge Question: What territory did RIBA's Cambridge branch office cover? Answer: the East of England Question: How many satellite offices does the Royal Institute no longer run in the UK? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was RIBA's last satellite office opened? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city was the first RIBA branch office closed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What territory did RIBA's Cambridge branch office avoid? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers "Lebanese" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing it from Arabic. All Lebanese laws are written in the standard literary form of Arabic, though parliamentary debate may be conducted in Lebanese Arabic. Question: Lebanese people of what religion sometimes consider Lebanese to be a distinct language? Answer: Christian Question: In what language are Lebanese laws written? Answer: Arabic Question: During the Lebanese Civil War, what language did Lebanese Christians sometimes use officially? Answer: Lebanese Arabic Question: What language is Lebanese closely related to? Answer: Arabic Question: What script did Lebanese Christians sometimes use to write Lebanese Arabic during the civil war? Answer: Latin Question: Where is Lebanese considered a dialect and not a distinct language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During which war did Christians us Latin exclusively? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which form are all Christian laws written? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which form may Latin script be conducted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which form is Lebanese script written? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There have been indications since 1996 that Everton will move to a new stadium. The original plan was for a new 60,000-seat stadium to be built, but in 2000 a proposal was submitted to build a 55,000 seat stadium as part of the King's Dock regeneration. This was unsuccessful as Everton failed to generate the £30 million needed for a half stake in the stadium project, with the city council rejecting the proposal in 2003. Late in 2004, driven by Liverpool Council and the Northwest Development Corporation, the club entered talks with Liverpool F.C. about sharing a proposed stadium on Stanley Park. Negotiations broke down as Everton failed to raise 50% of the costs. On 11 January 2005, Liverpool announced that ground-sharing was not a possibility, proceeding to plan their own Stanley Park Stadium. Question: How many seats did the proposal for the new Everton stadium feature in 2000? Answer: 55,000 Question: How much money did Everton FC need to generate for a half-stake in the new stadium project in 2000? Answer: £30 million Question: In what year did the Liverpool city council reject Everton FC's new stadium proposal? Answer: 2003 Question: In what year did Liverpool announce that they would build their own Stanley Park Stadium? Answer: 2005 Question: What team did Everton FC consider sharing grounds with around the year 2000? Answer: Liverpool Question: How many people could Everton's stadium seat in 1996? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many could have sat at the proposed stadium on Stanley Park? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of the costs for the proposed stadium was Liverpool F.C. able to raise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much money did Everton need to raise for the proposed stadium deal with Liverpool F.C.? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month in 2000 was the proposal submitted for the new stadium? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Feynman was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1965. At this time in the early 1960s, Feynman exhausted himself by working on multiple major projects at the same time, including a request, while at Caltech, to "spruce up" the teaching of undergraduates. After three years devoted to the task, he produced a series of lectures that eventually became The Feynman Lectures on Physics. He wanted a picture of a drumhead sprinkled with powder to show the modes of vibration at the beginning of the book. Concerned over the connections to drugs and rock and roll that could be made from the image, the publishers changed the cover to plain red, though they included a picture of him playing drums in the foreword. The Feynman Lectures on Physics occupied two physicists, Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, as part-time co-authors for several years. Even though the books were not adopted by most universities as textbooks, they continue to sell well because they provide a deep understanding of physics. Many of his lectures and miscellaneous talks were turned into other books, including The Character of Physical Law, QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, Statistical Mechanics, Lectures on Gravitation, and the Feynman Lectures on Computation. Question: Which society was Feynman elected to? Answer: Royal Society Question: After 3 years at Caltech what lectures did Feynman produce? Answer: The Feynman Lectures on Physics Question: Why did publisher change the cover picture on Feynman's book? Answer: connections to drugs and rock and roll Question: In his book, Feynman was shown playing what instrument? Answer: drums Question: What was the name of the book Feynman wrote over light and matter? Answer: The Character of Physical Law, QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter Question: Which society was Feynman kicked out of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What lectures did Feynman lose credit for after 3 years at Caltech? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did the publisher remove the cover picture on Feynman's book? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What instrument was Feynman unable to play in his book? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the book Feynman wrote about the dark and nothingness? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Windows 8 supports a feature of the UEFI specification known as "Secure boot", which uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system and prevent unauthorized programs such as bootkits from infecting the device's boot process. Some pre-built devices may be described as "certified" by Microsoft; these must have secure boot enabled by default, and provide ways for users to disable or re-configure the feature. ARM-based Windows RT devices must have secure boot permanently enabled. Question: How does secure boot help avert boot process infections? Answer: uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system Question: What requirements do Microsoft certified devices have? Answer: must have secure boot enabled by default, and provide ways for users to disable or re-configure the feature Question: What must always be enable in ARM-based Windows RT devices? Answer: secure boot Question: How doesn't secure boot help avert boot process infections? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does insecure boot help avert boot process infections? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What requirements don't Microsoft certified devices have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What requirements do Microsoft uncertified devices have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What must always be enable in ARM-based Windows TR devices? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. "Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety." Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the "Papists" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death: Question: Who wrote polemics regarding Roman Catholic beliefs about Mary? Answer: Martin Luther Question: In which year was the Immaculate Conception dogmatized? Answer: 1854 Question: Which pope was responsible for the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception? Answer: Pope Pius IX Question: What does Theotokos mean? Answer: Mother of God Question: Where did Martin Luther preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death? Answer: Wittenberg Question: For how many years were the Roman Catholic opponents adhering to the Marian decrees? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Martin Luther preach at Wittenberg? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Martin Luther stop celebrating Marian feasts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: With whom did Martin Luther argue about the veneration of Mary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who criticized Luther for revering Mary and for blurring the line? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In order to specifically measure the amount of light entering the eye, personal circadian light meter called the Daysimeter has been developed. This is the first device created to accurately measure and characterize light (intensity, spectrum, timing, and duration) entering the eye that affects the human body's clock. Question: What measures the amount of light entering the eye? Answer: Daysimeter Question: A Daysimeter what type of personal meter? Answer: circadian light meter
Context: Book 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas' arrival in Italy and betrothal to Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Lavinia had already been promised to Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto, and Amata Lavinia's mother. In Book 8, Aeneas allies with King Evander, who occupies the future site of Rome, and is given new armor and a shield depicting Roman history. Book 9 records an assault by Nisus and Euryalus on the Rutulians, Book 10, the death of Evander's young son Pallas, and 11 the death of the Volscian warrior princess Camilla and the decision to settle the war with a duel between Aeneas and Turnus. The Aeneid ends in Book 12 with the taking of Latinus' city, the death of Amata, and Aeneas' defeat and killing of Turnus, whose pleas for mercy are spurned. The final book ends with the image of Turnus' soul lamenting as it flees to the underworld. Question: To whom is Aeneas betrothed? Answer: Lavinia Question: Which King does Aeneas ally with in Book 8 of the Aeneid? Answer: King Evander Question: Who had Lavinia already been promised to? Answer: Turnus Question: Who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto and Amata Lavinia's mother? Answer: Turnus Question: What is the muse's name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How old was Pallas when he died? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Camilla die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many years did the war last? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who promised Lavinia to Turnus? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The jurisdictions of the city's administrative agencies are, in ascending order of size: the Hyderabad Police area, Hyderabad district, the GHMC area ("Hyderabad city") and the area under the Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA). The HMDA is an apolitical urban planning agency that covers the GHMC and its suburbs, extending to 54 mandals in five districts encircling the city. It coordinates the development activities of GHMC and suburban municipalities and manages the administration of bodies such as the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB). Question: Which Hyderabad agency is responsible for the largest area? Answer: Hyderabad Police Question: What is the HMDA mainly responsible for? Answer: urban planning Question: What does the acronym HMDA stand for? Answer: Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority Question: What does the acronym HMWSSB represent? Answer: Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board Question: Hyderabad city can be referred to as something else as administrative agencies are concerned, what? Answer: GHMC area
Context: The practice has received both advocacy and criticism. Putting clocks forward benefits retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for evening entertainment and for other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Although some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly and research about how DST affects energy use is limited or contradictory. Question: What used to be the main draw on electricity? Answer: incandescent lighting Question: What industry having to do with shopping benefits from DST? Answer: retailing Question: In addition to entertainment events that take place after working hours, what profession might suffer because of DST? Answer: farming Question: Research on DST is uncertain because we aren't sure how it affects the use of what? Answer: energy
Context: Recent developments in LEDs permit them to be used in environmental and task lighting. LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are now used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals, camera flashes and lighted wallpaper. As of 2015[update], LEDs powerful enough for room lighting remain somewhat more expensive, and require more precise current and heat management, than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output. Question: What type of atmosphere can LED lighting be used? Answer: environmental Question: What is an advantage to using LED lighting over the normal light sources? Answer: longer lifetime Question: What does LED stand for? Answer: Light-emitting diodes Question: Why are some people hesitant to use LED lighting? Answer: more expensive Question: What is a popular use for LED lighting? Answer: traffic signals Question: What type of atmosphere can't LED lighting be used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an advantage to using non-LED lighting over the normal light sources? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does LEED stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why aren't some people hesitant to use LED lighting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a popular use for non-LED lighting? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Even though the book had barely hinted at human evolution, it quickly became central to the debate as mental and moral qualities were seen as spiritual aspects of the immaterial soul, and it was believed that animals did not have spiritual qualities. This conflict could be reconciled by supposing there was some supernatural intervention on the path leading to humans, or viewing evolution as a purposeful and progressive ascent to mankind's position at the head of nature. While many conservative theologians accepted evolution, Charles Hodge argued in his 1874 critique "What is Darwinism?" that "Darwinism", defined narrowly as including rejection of design, was atheism though he accepted that Asa Gray did not reject design. Asa Gray responded that this charge misrepresented Darwin's text. By the early 20th century, four noted authors of The Fundamentals were explicitly open to the possibility that God created through evolution, but fundamentalism inspired the American creation–evolution controversy that began in the 1920s. Some conservative Roman Catholic writers and influential Jesuits opposed evolution in the late 19th and early 20th century, but other Catholic writers, starting with Mivart, pointed out that early Church Fathers had not interpreted Genesis literally in this area. The Vatican stated its official position in a 1950 papal encyclical, which held that evolution was not inconsistent with Catholic teaching. Question: How did people attempt to rationalize or reconcile the concept of natural selection? Answer: by supposing there was some supernatural intervention on the path leading to humans Question: Which scientist argued that Darwinism was atheism? Answer: Charles Hodge Question: What controversy around Darwin's book began in the 1920s? Answer: the American creation–evolution controversy Question: What official position did the Vatican take on the subject of evolution in 1950? Answer: The Vatican stated its official position in a 1950 papal encyclical, which held that evolution was not inconsistent with Catholic teaching.
Context: The Dutch written grammar has simplified over the past 100 years: cases are now mainly used for the pronouns, such as ik (I), mij, me (me), mijn (my), wie (who), wiens (whose: masculine or neuter singular), wier (whose: feminine singular; masculine, feminine or neuter plural). Nouns and adjectives are not case inflected (except for the genitive of proper nouns (names): -s, -'s or -'). In the spoken language cases and case inflections had already gradually disappeared from a much earlier date on (probably the 15th century) as in many continental West Germanic dialects. Question: What's the Dutch word for "my"? Answer: mijn Question: Over what span of time have the rules for written Dutch become less complicated? Answer: 100 years Question: What part of speech does Dutch mostly use cases for? Answer: pronouns Question: Which parts of speech aren't normally case-specific in Dutch? Answer: Nouns and adjectives Question: In what century long before Dutch did most West Germanic dialects probably lose case inflection? Answer: 15th
Context: The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a reversal but many instead dropped their discussion of race altogether. The authors attributed this to biologists trying to avoid discussing the political implications of racial classifications, instead of discussing them, and to the ongoing discussions in biology about the validity of the concept "subspecies". The authors also noted that some widely used textbooks in biology such as Douglas J. Futuyama's 1986 "Evolutionary Biology" had abandoned the race concept, "The concept of race, masking the overwhelming genetic similarity of all peoples and the mosaic patterns of variation that do not correspond to racial divisions, is not only socially dysfunctional but is biologically indefensible as well (pp. 5 18-5 19)." (Lieberman et al. 1992, pp. 316–17) Question: How many college textbooks in biology did the authors of the study examine? Answer: 77 Question: Up until when did physical anthropology texts still argue that biological races exist? Answer: the 1970s Question: What did biology textbooks drop altogether? Answer: their discussion of race Question: What were biologists trying to avoid discussing the political implications of? Answer: racial classifications Question: What did Douglas J. Futuyama consider the concept of race as not only being socially dysfunctional but this as well? Answer: biologically indefensible
Context: An argument for idealism, such as those of Hegel and Berkeley, is ipso facto an argument against materialism. Matter can be argued to be redundant, as in bundle theory, and mind-independent properties can in turn be reduced to subjective percepts. Berkeley presents an example of the latter by pointing out that it is impossible to gather direct evidence of matter, as there is no direct experience of matter; all that is experienced is perception, whether internal or external. As such, the existence of matter can only be assumed from the apparent (perceived) stability of perceptions; it finds absolutely no evidence in direct experience. Question: If you believe in idealism, you are disbeliving in what? Answer: materialism Question: If you believe in idealism, you are also believing in what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who points out that it is possible to gather direct evidence of matter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be considered non-redundant? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is it possible to gather direct evidence? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The question to be answered is whether a listed species will be harmed by the action and, if so, how the harm can be minimized. If harm cannot be avoided, the project agency can seek an exemption from the Endangered Species Committee, an ad hoc panel composed of members from the executive branch and at least one appointee from the state where the project is to occur. Five of the seven committee members must vote for the exemption to allow taking (to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or significant habitat modification, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct) of listed species. Question: What is the primary consideration for determining if projects may be carried out in areas with endangered species? Answer: whether a listed species will be harmed by the action and, if so, how the harm can be minimized Question: If a species may be harmed, who holds final say on whether the project may proceed? Answer: the Endangered Species Committee Question: How many members are on the ad hoc panel that allows project exemptions for cases where a species may harmed? Answer: seven Question: How many votes must be in favor of the exemption in order to award the exemption? Answer: Five Question: What is one specific requirement regarding the make-up of the exmeption panel? Answer: at least one appointee from the state where the project is to occur Question: Who does the Endangered Species Committee get an exemption from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many members must vote against the exemption? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many members must a project agency have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do project agencies vote on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens if the harm can be minimized? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1987, Apple spun off its software business as Claris. It was given the code and rights to several applications, most notably MacWrite, MacPaint, and MacProject. In the late 1980s, Claris released a number of revamped software titles; the result was the "Pro" series, including MacDraw Pro, MacWrite Pro, and FileMaker Pro. To provide a complete office suite, Claris purchased the rights to the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program on the Mac, renaming it Claris Resolve, and added the new presentation software Claris Impact. By the early 1990s, Claris applications were shipping with the majority of consumer-level Macintoshes and were extremely popular. In 1991, Claris released ClarisWorks, which soon became their second best-selling application. When Claris was reincorporated back into Apple in 1998, ClarisWorks was renamed AppleWorks beginning with version 5.0. Question: In 1987, what did Apple spin off its software business as? Answer: Claris Question: Which series of applications was Claris responsible for inventing? Answer: "Pro" series Question: What did Claris rename the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program? Answer: Claris Resolve Question: What was ClarisWorks renamed beginning with version 5.0? Answer: AppleWorks Question: When was ClarisWorks reincorporated back into Apple? Answer: 1998 Question: In 1978, what did Apple spin off its software business as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which series of applications was Claris not responsible for inventing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What didn't Claris rename the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was ClarisWorks renamed beginning with version 4.0? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was ClarisWorks reincorporated back into Microsoft? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that "most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin are to be found in his mazurkas ... It is probable that Chopin used the older form of rubato so important to Mozart ... [where] the melody note in the right hand is delayed until after the note in the bass ... An allied form of this rubato is the arpeggiation of the chords thereby delaying the melody note; according to Chopin's pupil, Karol Mikuli, Chopin was firmly opposed to this practice." Question: Chopin's compositions are often played with what? Answer: rubato Question: What does rubato mean? Answer: the practice in performance of disregarding strict time Question: In Chopin's music where strict timing is disregarded, what is it called? Answer: rubato Question: What type of Chopin's music had the most disregard for strict timing according to Charles Rosen? Answer: mazurkas
Context: In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union and NATO's Allied Command Europe, ground based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, forces in the field, wherever they are, invariably deploy their own air defence capability if there is an air threat. A surface-based air defence capability can also be deployed offensively to deny the use of airspace to an opponent. Question: Which country's air defence and aircraft has been under integrated command and control? Answer: Soviet Union Question: What other group has also been under this integrated command and control? Answer: NATO's Allied Command Europe Question: Who will deploy their own air defence if their is an air threat? Answer: forces in the field Question: What can be deployed as an offensive measure to refuse airspace use to an opponent? Answer: A surface-based air defence capability
Context: The vast Seleucid Empire was, like Egypt, mostly dominated by a Greco-Macedonian political elite. The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by emigration from Greece. These cities included newly founded colonies such as Antioch, the other cities of the Syrian tetrapolis, Seleucia (north of Babylon) and Dura-Europos on the Euphrates. These cities retained traditional Greek city state institutions such as assemblies, councils and elected magistrates, but this was a facade for they were always controlled by the royal Seleucid officials. Apart from these cities, there were also a large number of Seleucid garrisons (choria), military colonies (katoikiai) and Greek villages (komai) which the Seleucids planted throughout the empire to cement their rule. This 'Greco-Macedonian' population (which also included the sons of settlers who had married local women) could make up a phalanx of 35,000 men (out of a total Seleucid army of 80,000) during the reign of Antiochos III. The rest of the army was made up of native troops. Antiochus III the great conducted several vigorous campaigns to retake all the lost provinces of the empire since the death of Seleucus I. After being defeated by Ptolemy IV's forces at Raphia (217), Antiochus III led a long campaign to the east to subdue the far eastern breakaway provinces (212-205) including Bactria, Parthia, Ariana, Sogdiana, Gedrosia and Drangiana. He was successful, bringing back most of these provinces into at least nominal vassalage and receiving tribute from their rulers. After the death of Ptolemy IV (204), Antiochus took advantage of the weakness of Egypt to conquer Coele-Syria in the fifth Syrian war (202-195). He then began expanding his influence into Pergamene territory in Asia and crossed into Europe, fortifying Lysimachia on the hellespont, but his expansion into Anatolia and Greece was abruptly halted after a decisive defeat at the Battle of Magnesia (190 BCE). In the Treaty of Apamea which ended the war, Antiochus lost all of his territories in Anatolia west of the Taurus and was forced to pay a large indemnity of 15,000 talents. Question: The Seleucid Empire was mostly dominated by whom? Answer: Greco-Macedonian political elite Question: What are Seleucid garrisons called? Answer: choria Question: What are Seleucid military colonies called? Answer: katoikiai Question: Who defeated Antiochus III at Raphia? Answer: Ptolemy IV Question: What year did Ptolemy IV die? Answer: 204
Context: In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 6.5% were non-Swiss women. Question: What percent of the population has completed non-mandatory upper secondary education? Answer: 39.2% Question: What percent of the population has completed additionaly higher education? Answer: 18.9% Question: The majority of the population to finish tertiary schooling in bern are what people? Answer: Swiss men
Context: In 1999, a Greatest Hits III album was released. This featured, among others, "Queen + Wyclef Jean" on a rap version of "Another One Bites the Dust". A live version of "Somebody to Love" by George Michael and a live version of "The Show Must Go On" with Elton John were also featured in the album. By this point, Queen's vast amount of record sales made them the second best selling artist in the UK of all time, behind the Beatles. In 2002, Queen were awarded the 2,207th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, which is located at 6358 Hollywood Blvd. On 29 November 2003, May and Taylor performed at the 46664 Concert hosted by Nelson Mandela at Green Point Stadium, Cape Town, to raise awareness of the spread of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. May and Taylor spent time at Mandela's home, discussing how Africa's problems might be approached, and two years later the band was made ambassadors for the 46664 cause. Question: What year was Queen's third greatest hits album released? Answer: 1999 Question: Who performed a rap version of Another One Bites The Dust? Answer: Wyclef Jean Question: Alive version of Somebody to Love featured what artist? Answer: George Michael Question: Which artist guested on a live version of Queen's The Show Must Go On? Answer: Elton John Question: In 2003 Queen performed for what Nelson Mandela hosted benefit? Answer: the 46664 Concert
Context: Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radicals stormed party buildings and effectively overthrew the communist powers in the southern town of Lenkoran. Gorbachev resolved to regain control of Azerbaijan; the events that ensued are known as "Black January." Late on January 19, 1990, after blowing up the central television station and cutting the phone and radio lines, 26,000 Soviet troops entered the Azerbaijani capital Baku, smashing barricades, attacking protesters, and firing into crowds. On that night and during subsequent confrontations (which lasted until February), more than 130 people died – the majority of whom were civilians. More than 700 civilians were wounded, hundreds were detained, but only a few were actually tried for alleged criminal offenses. Question: Which two groups saw increasing ethnic conflicts in 1988? Answer: Armenians and Azerbaijanis Question: Who was killed in the January 9 riots? Answer: four Soviet soldiers Question: How many people died in the Soviet response to the clashes? Answer: more than 130 Question: What were the January incidents called? Answer: Black January Question: How many Soviet troops occupied Baku? Answer: 26,000
Context: In Apollo's role as a healer, his appellations included Acesius (/əˈsiːʒəs/ ə-SEE-zhəs; Ἀκέσιος, Akesios, from ἄκεσις, "healing"), Acestor (/əˈsɛstər/ ə-SES-tər; Ἀκέστωρ, Akestōr, literally "healer"), Paean (/ˈpiːən/ PEE-ən; Παιάν, Paiān, from παίειν, "to touch"),[citation needed] and Iatrus (/aɪˈætrəs/ eye-AT-rəs; Ἰατρός, Iātros, literally "physician"). Acesius was the epithet of Apollo worshipped in Elis, where he had a temple in the agora. The Romans referred to Apollo as Medicus (/ˈmɛdᵻkəs/ MED-i-kəs; literally "physician" in Latin) in this respect. A temple was dedicated to Apollo Medicus at Rome, probably next to the temple of Bellona. Question: What is the literal word for latrus? Answer: physician Question: Where did Apollo have a temple in the agora? Answer: Elis Question: Where was a temple dedicated to Apollo Medicus? Answer: Rome Question: What is the literal meaning of "healer?" Answer: Paean
Context: During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate. Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music. His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Szafarnia Courier"), written in a very modern and lively Polish, amused his family with their spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers and demonstrated the youngster's literary gift. Question: Who was Frédéric a guest of during his visit of Szafarnia in 1824 and 1825? Answer: Dominik Dziewanowski Question: In which village did Frédéric first experience rural Polish folk music? Answer: Szafarnia Question: To whom did Frédéric write letters to during his stay in Szafarnia? Answer: his family Question: What did Frédéric write parodies of in his letters? Answer: Warsaw newspapers Question: During his vacation in 1824 and 1825 who did Chopin spend his vacation with? Answer: Dominik Dziewanowski Question: What type of music did Chopin discover for the first time while staying in Szafarnia? Answer: Polish rural folk music Question: What was the name of the person who hosted Chopin as a guest when he discovered Polish rural folk music? Answer: Dominik Dziewanowski Question: What was the title chopin gave of some spoof letters he wrote? Answer: The Szafarnia Courier Question: Where did Chopin spend his vacation in 1824 and 1825? Answer: Szafarnia
Context: Under Peter I (the Great), Russia was proclaimed an Empire in 1721 and became recognized as a world power. Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles), as well as Estland and Livland, securing Russia's access to the sea and sea trade. On the Baltic Sea Peter founded a new capital called Saint Petersburg, later known as Russia's Window to Europe. Peter the Great's reforms brought considerable Western European cultural influences to Russia. Catherine II (the Great), who ruled in 1762–96, extended Russian political control over the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and incorporated most of its territories into Russia during the Partitions of Poland, pushing the Russian frontier westward into Central Europe. In the south, after successful Russo-Turkish Wars against the Ottoman Empire, Catherine advanced Russia's boundary to the Black Sea, defeating the Crimean khanate. Question: Under whom was Russia declared an empire? Answer: Peter I Question: In what year was Russia declared an empire? Answer: 1721 Question: Through what period did Peter I rule? Answer: 1682 to 1725 Question: Who did Peter I defeat in the Great Northern War? Answer: Sweden Question: What did Peter I found on the Baltic Sea? Answer: a new capital called Saint Petersburg
Context: In 2003, additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberian timber exports, which had risen from US$5 million in 1997 to over US$100 million in 2002 and were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone. These sanctions were lifted in 2006. Due in large part to foreign aid and investment inflow following the end of the war, Liberia maintains a large account deficit, which peaked at nearly 60% in 2008. Liberia gained observer status with the World Trade Organization in 2010 and is in the process of acquiring full member status. Question: What were UN sanctions place placed on 2003? Answer: Liberian timber exports Question: Why were sanctions place on Liberian timber exports? Answer: were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone. Question: When were the timber export sanctions lifted for Liberia? Answer: in 2006 Question: Liberia's account deficit peaked at what percentage in 2008? Answer: 60% Question: When was Liberia was granted observer status with the world trade organization> Answer: 2010 Question: In what year did UN sanctions prohibit membership in the World Trade Organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year were rubber exports US$5 million Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened to Liberia's large export deficit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year were World Trade Organization sanctions lifted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was due in large part to foreign rebels in Sierra Leone? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In April 2013, Marvel and other Disney conglomerate components began announcing joint projects. With ABC, a Once Upon a Time graphic novel was announced for publication in September. With Disney, Marvel announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first title under their joint "Disney Kingdoms" imprint "Seekers of the Weird", a five-issue miniseries. On January 3, 2014, fellow Disney subsidiary Lucasfilm Limited, LLC announced that as of 2015, Star Wars comics would once again be published by Marvel. Question: What TV network shares a parent with Marvel? Answer: ABC Question: What series on this network was given a Marvel graphic novel? Answer: Once Upon a Time Question: What is the Marvel and Disney line of comics called? Answer: "Disney Kingdoms" Question: What was the first title published in that joint line of comics? Answer: "Seekers of the Weird" Question: What movie sci-fi franchise returned to Marvel in 2015? Answer: Star Wars Question: When did Disney and LLC stop publishing Star Wars comics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many issues was the Once Upon a Time novel? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the joint line of comics owned by LLC and Marvel called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Once Upon a Time novel released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Disney and Marvel announce they were ending joint projects? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In February 1975, Margaret Thatcher was elected leader of the British Conservative Party. The Institute of Economic Affairs arranged a meeting between Hayek and Thatcher in London soon after. During Thatcher's only visit to the Conservative Research Department in the summer of 1975, a speaker had prepared a paper on why the "middle way" was the pragmatic path the Conservative Party should take, avoiding the extremes of left and right. Before he had finished, Thatcher "reached into her briefcase and took out a book. It was Hayek's The Constitution of Liberty. Interrupting our pragmatist, she held the book up for all of us to see. 'This', she said sternly, 'is what we believe', and banged Hayek down on the table". Question: What political party was Margaret Thatcher the head of in 1975? Answer: British Conservative Party Question: Who did Thatcher meet with shortly after she was elected as the head of her party? Answer: Hayek Question: What path was suggested as the right one for Margaret Thatcher's party by a speaker? Answer: the "middle way" Question: Which of Hayek's works did Thatcher produce at the Conservative Research Department? Answer: The Constitution of Liberty
Context: Haruspicy was also used in public cult, under the supervision of the augur or presiding magistrate. The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver. They also interpreted omens, prodigies and portents, and formulated their expiation. Most Roman authors describe haruspicy as an ancient, ethnically Etruscan "outsider" religious profession, separate from Rome's internal and largely unpaid priestly hierarchy, essential but never quite respectable. During the mid-to-late Republic, the reformist Gaius Gracchus, the populist politician-general Gaius Marius and his antagonist Sulla, and the "notorious Verres" justified their very different policies by the divinely inspired utterances of private diviners. The senate and armies used the public haruspices: at some time during the late Republic, the Senate decreed that Roman boys of noble family be sent to Etruria for training in haruspicy and divination. Being of independent means, they would be better motivated to maintain a pure, religious practice for the public good. The motives of private haruspices – especially females – and their clients were officially suspect: none of this seems to have troubled Marius, who employed a Syrian prophetess. Question: What process did haruspicy use to divine the will of the gods? Answer: examination of entrails Question: Which of the entrails was especially important to augury? Answer: liver Question: To which group can haruspicy to traced? Answer: Etruscan Question: What type of private individual had several generals and politicians used to validate their actions? Answer: diviners Question: What type of diviners did the armies use to determine the will of the gods? Answer: public haruspices
Context: However, there is significant disagreement within Orthodox Judaism, particularly between Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism, about the extent and circumstances under which the proper application of Halakha should be re-examined as a result of changing realities. As a general rule, Haredi Jews believe that when at all possible the law should be maintained as it was understood by their authorities at the haskalah, believing that it had never changed. Modern Orthodox authorities are more willing to assume that under scrupulous examination, identical principles may lead to different applications in the context of modern life. To the Orthodox Jew, halakha is a guide, God's Law, governing the structure of daily life from the moment he or she wakes up to the moment he goes to sleep. It includes codes of behaviour applicable to a broad range of circumstances (and many hypothetical ones). There are though a number of halakhic meta-principles that guide the halakhic process and in an instance of opposition between a specific halakha and a meta-principle, the meta-principle often wins out . Examples of Halakhic Meta-Principles are: "Deracheha Darchei Noam" - the ways of Torah are pleasant, "Kavod Habriyot" - basic respect for human beings, "Pikuach Nefesh" - the sanctity of human life. Question: What do haredi Judaism and modern orthodox Judaism disagree about the application of? Answer: Halakha Question: what law is halakha to the Orthodox Jew? Answer: God's Law, Question: Basic respect for human beings is known as what? Answer: "Kavod Habriyot" Question: The sanctiy of human life is known as what? Answer: "Pikuach Nefesh" Question: What does halakha guide? Answer: structure of daily life Question: Which groups maintain significant agreement within Orthodox Judaism about Halakha? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why must the Halakha never be re-examined? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are Historical Orthodox more willing to assume about changing realities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a guide to the modern day Jew? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What principles are never in opposition with each other? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From the 19th century, there was a revival in many ancient glass-making techniques including cameo glass, achieved for the first time since the Roman Empire and initially mostly used for pieces in a neo-classical style. The Art Nouveau movement made great use of glass, with René Lalique, Émile Gallé, and Daum of Nancy producing colored vases and similar pieces, often in cameo glass, and also using luster techniques. Louis Comfort Tiffany in America specialized in stained glass, both secular and religious, and his famous lamps. The early 20th-century saw the large-scale factory production of glass art by firms such as Waterford and Lalique. From about 1960 onwards there have been an increasing number of small studios hand-producing glass artworks, and glass artists began to class themselves as in effect sculptors working in glass, and their works as part fine arts. Question: What famous lampmaker used glass? Answer: Louis Comfort Tiffany Question: When did glassworkers begin to consider their products fine art? Answer: 1960 Question: What type of glass did many Art Nouveau artists use? Answer: cameo glass Question: When did mass production of glass art begin? Answer: early 20th-century Question: What early civilization made cameo glass? Answer: Roman Empire Question: What famous lampmaker used factory production? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did glassworkers begin to consider their products neo-classical? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of glass did many specialists use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did mass production of lamps begin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What early civilization made colored vases? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Melting of floating ice shelves (ice that originated on the land) does not in itself contribute much to sea-level rise (since the ice displaces only its own mass of water). However it is the outflow of the ice from the land to form the ice shelf which causes a rise in global sea level. This effect is offset by snow falling back onto the continent. Recent decades have witnessed several dramatic collapses of large ice shelves around the coast of Antarctica, especially along the Antarctic Peninsula. Concerns have been raised that disruption of ice shelves may result in increased glacial outflow from the continental ice mass. Question: What type of ice originates on land and floats out to sea? Answer: floating ice shelves Question: What events have occurred in recent decades to the ice shelves surrounding Antarctica? Answer: collapses Question: Along what area has there been more collapsing ice shelves? Answer: Antarctic Peninsula Question: What could the displacement of ice cause? Answer: glacial outflow Question: What weather event would offset loss of ice shelves? Answer: snow falling Question: Where did ice on land originate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the result of floating ice shelves melting from the land? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does snow offset on the continent shelves? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the concern with regard to disruption of ice melts? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of the country. On January 18, 2007, FUNAI reported that it had confirmed the presence of 67 different uncontacted tribes in Brazil, up from 40 in 2005. With this addition Brazil has now overtaken the island of New Guinea as the country having the largest number of uncontacted tribes. Question: How much of Brazil's population is comprised of indigenous peoples? Answer: 0.4% Question: How many Brazillians have some indigenous ancestry? Answer: millions Question: Where do the majority of the indigenous people of Brazil live? Answer: Indian reservations Question: How many different uncontacted tribes were confirmed in Brazil in 2007? Answer: 67 Question: What country has the largest number of uncontacted tribes? Answer: Brazil
Context: In India, the British retained the Northern Circars, but returned all the French trading ports. The treaty, however, required that the fortifications of these settlements be destroyed and never rebuilt, while only minimal garrisons could be maintained there, thus rendering them worthless as military bases. Combined with the loss of France's ally in Bengal and the defection of Hyderabad to the British as a result of the war, this effectively brought French power in India to an end, making way for British hegemony and eventual control of the subcontinent. Question: What did France retain in India? Answer: returned all the French trading ports Question: How were the French settlements changed to eliminate their military usefulness? Answer: treaty, however, required that the fortifications of these settlements be destroyed and never rebuilt Question: What French ally in the area abandoned the French? Answer: loss of France's ally in Bengal Question: Who defected to the British? Answer: the defection of Hyderabad to the British Question: What happened to French power in the area? Answer: this effectively brought French power in India to an end
Context: Scientists are still debating when people started wearing clothes. Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, anthropologists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, have conducted a genetic analysis of human body lice that suggests clothing originated quite recently, around 170,000 years ago. Body lice is an indicator of clothes-wearing, since most humans have sparse body hair, and lice thus require human clothing to survive. Their research suggests the invention of clothing may have coincided with the northward migration of modern Homo sapiens away from the warm climate of Africa, thought to have begun between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, a second group of researchers using similar genetic methods estimate that clothing originated around 540,000 years ago (Reed et al. 2004. PLoS Biology 2(11): e340). For now, the date of the origin of clothing remains unresolved.[citation needed] Question: What group of people debate when humans stated wearing clothes? Answer: Scientists Question: What type of analysis has been conducted on human body lice? Answer: genetic Question: What do lice require human clothing to do? Answer: survive Question: What may have the invention of clothing happened with? Answer: northward migration Question: What about the origin of clothing remains unanswered? Answer: the date Question: Scientists are in agreement about when people begin to do what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of analysis has been done on headlights? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Body lice require hair to what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Southward migration coincided with what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Most humans have lots of hair hair which leads to what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Pascal Boyer argues that while there is a wide array of supernatural concepts found around the world, in general, supernatural beings tend to behave much like people. The construction of gods and spirits like persons is one of the best known traits of religion. He cites examples from Greek mythology, which is, in his opinion, more like a modern soap opera than other religious systems. Bertrand du Castel and Timothy Jurgensen demonstrate through formalization that Boyer's explanatory model matches physics' epistemology in positing not directly observable entities as intermediaries. Anthropologist Stewart Guthrie contends that people project human features onto non-human aspects of the world because it makes those aspects more familiar. Sigmund Freud also suggested that god concepts are projections of one's father. Question: How does Pascal Boyer believe that gods and other supernatural beings behave? Answer: much like people Question: Why does Stewart Guthrie believe that people project their human features onto non human things? Answer: it makes those aspects more familiar Question: What did Frued believe about the belief in God? Answer: god concepts are projections of one's father Question: What is one of the most common traits of religion according to Boyer? Answer: The construction of gods and spirits like persons Question: Who argues that there are lots of supernatural things in the world? Answer: Pascal Boyer Question: How do supernatural entities act? Answer: much like people Question: Which religion does Boyer equate with a modern soap opera? Answer: Greek mythology Question: Who believed that gods are just projections of a person's father? Answer: Sigmund Freud Question: What does Sigmund Freud believe about the behavior of supernatural beings? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the best known traits of Jurgensen's model? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why do people make spirits appear humanlike according to Timothy Jurgensen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Pascal Boyer believe religious systems are projections of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Sigmund Freud's opinion of Greek mythology? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Menzies ran strongly against Labor's plans to nationalise the Australian banking system and, following victory in the 1949 election, secured a double dissolution election for April 1951, after the Labor-controlled Senate refused to pass his banking legislation. The Liberal-Country Coalition was returned with control of the Senate. The Government was returned again in the 1954 election; the formation of the anti-Communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and the consequent split in the Australian Labor Party early in 1955 helped the Liberals to another victory in December 1955. John McEwen replaced Arthur Fadden as leader of the Country Party in March 1958 and the Menzies-McEwen Coalition was returned again at elections in November 1958 – their third victory against Labor's H. V. Evatt. The Coalition was narrowly returned against Labor's Arthur Calwell in the December 1961 election, in the midst of a credit squeeze. Menzies stood for office for the last time in the November 1963 election, again defeating Calwell, with the Coalition winning back its losses in the House of Representatives. Menzies went on to resign from parliament on 26 January 1966. Question: Was Menzies for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia? Answer: strongly against Question: What helped the Liberals to victory in December 1955? Answer: the formation of the anti-Communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and the consequent split in the Australian Labor Party early in 1955 Question: When did Menzies resign from Parliament? Answer: 26 January 1966 Question: Was Evatt for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What helped the Liberals to victory in December 1958? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Evatt resign from Parliament? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who replaced Arthur Fadden as leader of the Senate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who refused to pass labor legislation? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The working memory model explains many practical observations, such as why it is easier to do two different tasks (one verbal and one visual) than two similar tasks (e.g., two visual), and the aforementioned word-length effect. However, the concept of a central executive as noted here has been criticised as inadequate and vague.[citation needed] Working memory is also the premise for what allows us to do everyday activities involving thought. It is the section of memory where we carry out thought processes and use them to learn and reason about topics. Question: Which model explains why bob has an easier time reading a book, and then discussing it rather than reading two books? Answer: working memory model Question: Which concept is criticised for being unworthy and too broad? Answer: concept of a central executive Question: Which part of memory allows us to go about our daily lives? Answer: Working memory Question: What does the non-working memory model explain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has been praised as adequate and non-vague? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is non-working memory also the premise for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which part of memory allows us to go about our long-term lives? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which model explains why bob has an easier time writing a book, and then discussing it rather than writing two books? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On April 12, 1776, the colony became the first to instruct its delegates to the Continental Congress to vote for independence from the British Crown, through the Halifax Resolves passed by the North Carolina Provincial Congress. The dates of both of these events are memorialized on the state flag and state seal. Throughout the Revolutionary War, fierce guerrilla warfare erupted between bands of pro-independence and pro-British colonists. In some cases the war was also an excuse to settle private grudges and rivalries. A major American victory in the war took place at King's Mountain along the North Carolina–South Carolina border; on October 7, 1780, a force of 1000 mountain men from western North Carolina (including what is today the state of Tennessee)and Southwest Virginia overwhelmed a force of some 1000 British troops led by Major Patrick Ferguson. Most of the soldiers fighting for the British side in this battle were Carolinians who had remained loyal to the Crown (they were called "Tories" or Loyalists). The American victory at Kings Mountain gave the advantage to colonists who favored American independence, and it prevented the British Army from recruiting new soldiers from the Tories. Question: What year did North Carolina instruct its delegates to vote for independence? Answer: 1776 Question: Who was north carolina seeking independence from in 1776? Answer: the British Crown Question: What year was Americas Victory at King's Mountain? Answer: 1780 Question: How many North Carolina mountain men fought at King's Mountain? Answer: 1000 Question: How many British troops fought at king's Mountain? Answer: 1000
Context: U.S. submarines, as well as some British and Dutch vessels, operating from bases at Cavite in the Philippines (1941–42); Fremantle and Brisbane, Australia; Pearl Harbor; Trincomalee, Ceylon; Midway; and later Guam, played a major role in defeating Japan, even though submarines made up a small proportion of the Allied navies—less than two percent in the case of the US Navy. Submarines strangled Japan by sinking its merchant fleet, intercepting many troop transports, and cutting off nearly all the oil imports essential to weapons production and military operations. By early 1945 Japanese oil supplies were so limited that its fleet was virtually stranded. Question: What type of vessels were part of a major role in defeating Japan? Answer: submarines Question: What percent did submarines make up in the US Navy fighting Japan? Answer: two percent Question: What did submarines sinking Japanese ships do? Answer: strangled Japan Question: What happened to the Japanese fleet when nearly all oil imports were cut off? Answer: virtually stranded
Context: On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition parties. Question: When was a coup d'etat staged? Answer: 12 April 2012 Question: Who staged the coup d'etat? Answer: members of the country's military Question: Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat? Answer: Mamadu Ture Kuruma Question: Who did Kuruma negotiate with? Answer: opposition parties Question: What was Kuruma's former position? Answer: vice chief of staff
Context: In several countries, fire safety officials encourage citizens to use the two annual clock shifts as reminders to replace batteries in smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, particularly in autumn, just before the heating and candle season causes an increase in home fires. Similar twice-yearly tasks include reviewing and practicing fire escape and family disaster plans, inspecting vehicle lights, checking storage areas for hazardous materials, reprogramming thermostats, and seasonal vaccinations. Locations without DST can instead use the first days of spring and autumn as reminders. Question: There are more fires in the fall and winter because people burn more candles and turn what on to keep warm? Answer: heating Question: In addition to smoke detectors, what do fire safety officials suggest people replace batteries in when they set their clocks twice a year? Answer: carbon monoxide detectors Question: If your area doesn't observe DST, what can you use instead as a twice-yearly reminder? Answer: the first days of spring and autumn Question: What part of your vehicle should you remember to check twice a year? Answer: lights Question: What should you check storage spaces in your home for twice-yearly? Answer: hazardous materials
Context: The National Library of Nepal is located in Patan. It is the largest library in the country with more than 70,000 books. English, Nepali, Sanskrit, Hindi, and Nepal Bhasa books are found here. The library is in possession of rare scholarly books in Sanskrit and English dating from the 17th century AD. Kathmandu also contains the Kaiser Library, located in the Kaiser Mahal on the ground floor of the Ministry of Education building. This collection of around 45,000 books is derived from a personal collection of Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. It covers a wide range of subjects including history, law, art, religion, and philosophy, as well as a Sanskrit manual of Tantra, which is believed to be over 1,000 years old. The 2015 earthquake caused severe damage to the Ministry of Education building, and the contents of the Kaiser Library have been temporarily relocated. Question: How many volumes are contained in Nepal's National Library? Answer: 70,000 Question: Along with Hindi, Sanskrit, Nepali and English, the National Library contains books in what language? Answer: Nepal Bhasa Question: What government department is located in the same building as the Kaiser Library? Answer: Ministry of Education Question: How many volumes does the Kaiser Library contain? Answer: 45,000 Question: Who did the Kaiser Library's books previously belong to? Answer: Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Context: Noted 19th-century mosaics include those by Edward Burne-Jones at St Pauls within the Walls in Rome. Another modern mosaic of note is the world's largest mosaic installation located at the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, located in St. Louis, Missouri. A modern example of mosaic is the Museum of Natural History station of the New York City Subway (there are many such works of art scattered throughout the New York City subway system, though many IND stations are usually designed with bland mosaics.) Another example of mosaics in ordinary surroundings is the use of locally themed mosaics in some restrooms in the rest areas along some Texas interstate highways. Question: The Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis holds the largest what? Answer: mosaic installation Question: What along texas interstate Highways contains everyday examples of mosaics? Answer: the rest areas Question: Which station in the NYC subway has a modern example of mosaic? Answer: the Museum of Natural History station Question: Edward Burne-Jones is noted for creating mosaics in what century? Answer: 19th
Context: The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resistant zinc plating of iron (hot-dip galvanizing) is the major application for zinc. Other applications are in batteries, small non-structural castings, and alloys, such as brass. A variety of zinc compounds are commonly used, such as zinc carbonate and zinc gluconate (as dietary supplements), zinc chloride (in deodorants), zinc pyrithione (anti-dandruff shampoos), zinc sulfide (in luminescent paints), and zinc methyl or zinc diethyl in the organic laboratory. Question: Who named the element zinc? Answer: Paracelsus Question: What was zinc named after? Answer: Zinke Question: Who is credited with discovering zinc? Answer: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf Question: What two people discovered the electrochemical properties of zinc? Answer: Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta Question: Where can you find zinc chloride? Answer: deodorants Question: Who is credited as giving zinc its name? Answer: Paracelsus Question: What does the name zinc or zinke mean? Answer: (prong, tooth) Question: Who discovered pure metallic zinc? Answer: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf Question: What is the most common use for zinc? Answer: (hot-dip galvanizing Question: What is a common use for zinc chloride? Answer: deodorants Question: Who ruined the element zinc? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is credited with hiding zinc? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What single person discovered the electrochemical properties of zinc? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where can you lose zinc chloride? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most rare use for zinc? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train running through Evanston is called the Purple Line, taking its name from Northwestern's school color. The Foster and Davis stations are within walking distance of the southern end of the campus, while the Noyes station is close to the northern end of the campus. The Central station is close to Ryan Field, Northwestern's football stadium. The Evanston Davis Street Metra station serves the Northwestern campus in downtown Evanston and the Evanston Central Street Metra station is near Ryan Field. Pace Suburban Bus Service and the CTA have several bus routes that run through or near the Evanston campus. Question: What is the name of the Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train through Evanston? Answer: the Purple Line Question: What was Chicago's Purple Line train route named after? Answer: Northwestern's school color Question: Which train stations are within walking distance of the southern end of campus? Answer: Foster and Davis Question: Which train station is close to the northern end of campus? Answer: Noyes Question: What is the name of Northwestern's football stadium? Answer: Ryan Field Question: What is the name of the Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train through Central? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Chicago's Blue Line train route named after? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which train stations are within driving distance of the southern end of campus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which train station is close to the southern end of campus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of Northwestern's soccer stadium? Answer: Unanswerable

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