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W1574911124 | Learning to Link Entities with Knowledge Base | This paper address the problem of entity linking. Specifically, given an entity mentioned in unstructured texts, the task is to link this entity with an entry stored in the existing knowledge base. This is an important task for information extraction. It can serve as a convenient gateway to encyclopedic information, and can greatly improve the web users' experience. Previous learning based solutions mainly focus on classification framework. However, it's more suitable to consider it as a ranking problem. In this paper, we propose a learning to rank algorithm for entity linking. It effectively utilizes the relationship information among the candidates when ranking. The experiment results on the TAC 2009 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework. The proposed method achieves 18.5% improvement in terms of accuracy over the classification models for those entities which have corresponding entries in the Knowledge Base. The overall performance of the system is also better than that of the state-of-the-art methods. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
863473 | Making Sense of Electrical Noise by Simulating Electrolyte Solutions | Seemingly unrelated experiments such as electrolyte transport through nanotubes, nano-scale electrochemistry, NMR relaxometry and Surface Force Balance measurements, all probe electrical fluctuations: of the electric current, the charge and polarization, the field gradient (for quadrupolar nuclei) and the coupled mass/charge densities. If only we had the theoretical tools to interpret this “electrical noise”, we would open complementary windows on ionic systems. Such insight is needed, as recent experiments uncovered unexpected behaviour of ionic systems (electrolytes, ionic liquids), which question our understanding of these “simple” fluids and call for a fresh theoretical perspective. This project aims at providing an integrated understanding of fluctuations in bulk, interfacial and confined ionic systems. For modelling, the key challenge is to quantitatively predict the phenomena underlying the various sources of noise: coupled diffusion, long-range electrostatic interactions & hydrodynamic flows, short-range ion-specific effects (solvation, ad/desorption). Using molecular and mesoscopic simulations, I will provide a unified theoretical framework enabling experimentalists to decipher the microscopic properties encoded in the measured electrical noise. I will achieve this by addressing four interlinked questions corresponding to the above-mentioned experiments: 1) What is the microscopic origin of the “coloured” noise of electric current through single nanopores/tubes? 2) What do the charge fluctuations of an electrode tell us about the properties of the interfacial electrolyte? 3) What information can NMR relaxometry provide on the multiscale dynamics of individual ions? 4) Could collective fluctuations in concentrated electrolytes explain long-range forces between surfaces? Each question is in itself an exciting challenge, but addressing them simultaneously is the key to a global understanding of these liquids which play a crucial role in biology and technology. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
206947 | Genetic and ecological bases of host-parasite specificity | Antagonistic coevolution between hosts and parasites, the reciprocal evolution of host defence and parasite counter-defence, has far-reaching consequences for evolutionary ecology, agriculture and medicine. It can drive patterns of biodiversity, population dynamics, the evolution of evolvability and parasite virulence. However, the impact of coevolution on these processes is crucially dependent on the specificity of the interaction between host and parasite. That is, do parasite genotypes specialize on host genotypes, or can host and parasites evolve more generalized patterns of resistance and infectivity, respectively? If hosts and parasites specialize on each other, coevolution will be characterized by cycling of genotypes, favouring ongoing coevolution and the maintenance of diversity. By contrast, if generalists evolve, coevolution will be characterised by a directional arms race, resulting in ‘super-parasites’ and the purging of diversity. Host-parasite specificity will be determined by both the genetic bases of the interaction, and the environment. The environment is likely to affect specificity because there are often fitness costs associated with being a generalist, and costs vary under different environmental conditions. The aim of this proposal is to identify the genetic and ecological drivers of host-parasite specificity, and the consequences of this specificity to diversity, virulence, population dynamics and evolvability. The primary approach will be experimental evolution of a well-studied bacteria and phage system; these organisms undergo persistent coevolution in real time under laboratory conditions. Early stages of coevolution are directional; and there are fitness costs associated with the evolution of generalists which vary between environments. We will complement the work by studies of the specificity between bacteria and phage in natural environments and mathematical modeling. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
787971 | Cardiac REgeneration from within | Biotechnological therapies for patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure are urgently needed, in light of the breadth of these diseases and a lack of curative treatments. CuRE is an ambitious project aimed at identifying novel factors (cytokines, growth factors, microRNAs) that promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and can thus be transformed into innovative therapeutics to stimulate cardiac regeneration. The Project leads from two concepts: first, that cardiac regeneration can be obtained by stimulating the endogenous capacity of cardiomyocytes to proliferate, second that effective biotherapeutics might be identified through systematic screenings both in vivo and ex vivo. In the mouse, CuRE will take advantage of two unique arrayed libraries cloned in adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, one corresponding to the secretome (1200 factors) and the other to the miRNAome (800 pri-miRNA genes). Both libraries will be functionally screened in mice to search for factors that enhance cardiac regeneration. This in vivo selection approach will be complemented by a series of high throughput screenings on primary cardiomyocytes ex vivo, aimed at systematically assessing the involvement of all components of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, the cytoskeleton and the sarcomere on cell proliferation. Cytokines and miRNAs can both be developed to become therapeutic molecules, in the form of recombinant proteins and synthetic nucleic acids, respectively. Therefore, a key aim of CuRE will be to establish procedures for their production and administration in vivo, and to assess their efficacy in both small and large animal models of myocardial damage. In addition to this translational goal, the project will entail the successful achievement of several intermediate objectives, each of which possesses intrinsic validity in terms of basic discovery and is thus expected to extend technology and knowledge in the cardiovascular field beyond state-of-the art. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W4294007256 | Green human resource management and environmental performance: The role of green innovation and environmental strategy in a developing country | Abstract A vast literature supports the notion that green human resource management leads to superior environmental performance. This study argues that green innovation, environmental strategy and pro‐environmental behaviour facilitate the relationship between green human resource management and environmental performance in the manufacturing industry of developing countries. To test the mediating effect of green innovation and pro‐environmental behaviour alongside the moderating role of environmental strategy in the proposed model, we collected and analysed data from 410 manufacturing firm managers operating in Pakistan using partial least square structural equation modelling. The mediating and moderating results highlighted the significance of green innovation, environmental strategy and pro‐environmental behaviour to excel in environmental performance through operational efficiency, appropriate environmental strategy and human willingness to indulge in environmental activities. The findings also suggest implications for theory and practice in similar developing countries. The study offers generalisability in developing countries sharing the same economic and social structure. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1093/imanum/drs014 | Stability of sparse space-time finite element discretizations of linear parabolic evolution equations | The abstract linear parabolic evolution equation is formulated as a well-posed linear operator equation for which a conforming minimal residual Petrov-Galerkin discretization framework is developed: the approximate solution is defined as the minimizer of a suitable functional residual over the discrete test space, and may be obtained numerically from an equivalent algebraic residual minimization problem. This approximate solution is shown to be well defined and to converge quasi-optimally in the natural norm if the discrete trial and test spaces are stable, i. e. , if the discrete inf-sup condition is satisfied with a uniform positive lower bound. For the parabolic operator we devise an abstract criterion for the stability of pairs of space-time trial and test spaces, and construct hierarchic families of trial and test spaces of a sparse space-time tensor-product type that satisfy this criterion. The theory is applied to the concrete example of the diffusion equation and is illustrated numerically. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.ceb.2013.12.001 | Mapping molecules to structure: Unveiling secrets of centriole and cilia assembly with near-atomic resolution | Centrioles are microtubule (MT)-based cylinders that form centrosomes and can be modified into basal bodies that template the axoneme, the ciliary MT skeleton. These MT-based structures are present in all branches of the eukaryotic tree of life, where they have important sensing, motility and cellular architecture-organizing functions. Moreover, they are altered in several human conditions and diseases, including sterility, ciliopathies and cancer. Although the ultrastructure of centrioles and derived organelles has been known for over 50 years, the molecular basis of their remarkably conserved properties, such as their 9-fold symmetry, has only now started to be unveiled. Recent advances in imaging, proteomics and crystallography, allowed the building of 3D models of centrioles and derived structures with unprecedented molecular details, leading to a much better understanding of their assembly and function. Here, we cover progress in this field, focusing on the mechanisms of centriole and cilia assembly. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1039/c5ra26325e | Classification of carbon nanostructure families occurring in a chemically activated arc discharge reaction | Controlling the generation of empty cages, endohedral metallofullerenes and carbon nanotubes is an important challenge for the tailored synthesis of functional materials and their scaled up production. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
US 2021/0049701 W | IN-SITU METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING FLUID RESISTIVITY | A method and apparatus for determining particle contamination of a process fluid is disclosed herein. In one example, a fluid resistivity measurement probe is provided. The system includes an upstream fluid conduit, a downstream fluid conduit, and a measuring section. The measuring section has a metal rod, and a ground electrode. The ground electrode surrounds and is coaxial with the metal rod. The upstream fluid conduit is coupled to a first end of the ground electrode. The downstream fluid conduit is coupled to a second end of the ground electrode. The metal rod and the ground electrode define a space therebetween. The space flows a fluid from the upstream fluid conduit to the downstream fluid conduit. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W3099721064 | Efficacy and safety of Brucea javanica oil emulsion for liver cancer | Brucea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE), extracted from the Chinese herb Bruceae Fructus (Yadanzi), is a broad-spectrum anti-tumor drug and has been widely used for the treatment of liver cancer in China. The aim of this study is to systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of BJOE for the treatment of liver cancer.Seven electronic databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Excerpt Medica Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Scientific Journal Database, and Wanfang Database will be systematically retrieved for data extraction from their inceptions to September 2020. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. The RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software will be applied for statistical analyses. Statistical heterogeneity will be computed by I tests. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to evaluate the stability of the results. The publication bias will be evaluated by funnel plots and Egger test. The quality of evidence will be assessed by the GRADE system.The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or presenting the findings at a relevant conference.The conclusion of this study will provide helpful evidence of the effect and safety of BJOE for the treatment of liver cancer in clinical practice.10.17605/OSF.IO/UC8XQ. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W4321064831 | World Pendulum Alliance: an apparatus performance analysis | The World Pendulum Alliance is an educational project financed by the European Community (EACEA) that aims at establishing a net of remote access standard pendulums scattered throughout Europe and Latin America, mounted in co-participating Universities, to allow students to collect data to measure the acceleration of gravity in different latitudes and altitudes, and check the results against the global geophysical model. In small angle regimes pendulums are expected to carry harmonic oscillations, however the acceleration dependence on the sine of the oscillation angle induces a slight amplitude dependence of the period of oscillation. In this work we investigate the period dependence on the motion amplitude, which is close to its precision, to investigate the performance of this equipment. Despite operating within the overall uncertainties of the instrument, this procedure revealed a systematic deviation on several pendulums. Possible electronic and mechanical sources are investigated and new ways to improve the overall pendulum performance in newer versions are discussed. Resumen- La World Pendulum Alliance es un proyecto educativo financiado por la Comunidad Europea (EACEA) que tiene como objetivo establecer una red de pendulos estandar de acceso remoto repartidos por Europa y America Latina, montados en universidades coparticipantes, para permitir a los estudiantes recopilar datos para medir la aceleración de la gravedad en diferentes latitudes y altitudes, y comparar los resultados con el modelo geofísico global. En regímenes de ángulo pequeño, se espera que los péndulos lleven oscilaciones armónlcas, sin embargo, la dependencia de la aceleración en el seno del ángulo de oscilación induce una ligera dependencia de la amplitud del período de oscilaclón. En este trabajo investigamos la dependencia del período de la amplitud de movimiento, que está cerca de su precisión, para investigar el rendimiento de este equipo. A pesar de operar dentro de las incertidumbres generales del instrumento, este procedimiento reveló una desviacióu sistemática en varios péndulos. Se investigan posibles fuentes elcctrónlcas y mecánlcas y se analizan nuevas formas de mejorar el rendimiento general del péndulo en versiones más nuevas. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1093/scan/nst164 | Temporal and spatial neural dynamics in the perception of basic emotions from complex scenes | The different temporal dynamics of emotions are critical to understand their evolutionary role in the regulation of interactions with the surrounding environment. Here, we investigated the temporal dynamics underlying the perception of four basic emotions from complex scenes varying in valence and arousal (fear, disgust, happiness and sadness) with the millisecond time resolution of Electroencephalography (EEG). Event-related potentials were computed and each emotion showed a specific temporal profile, as revealed by distinct time segments of significant differences from the neutral scenes. Fear perception elicited significant activity at the earliest time segments, followed by disgust, happiness and sadness. Moreover, fear, disgust and happiness were characterized by two time segments of significant activity, whereas sadness showed only one long-latency time segment of activity. Multidimensional scaling was used to assess the correspondence between neural temporal dynamics and the subjective experience elicited by the four emotions in a subsequent behavioral task. We found a high coherence between these two classes of data, indicating that psychological categories defining emotions have a close correspondence at the brain level in terms of neural temporal dynamics. Finally, we localized the brain regions of time-dependent activity for each emotion and time segment with the low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. Fear and disgust showed widely distributed activations, predominantly in the right hemisphere. Happiness activated a number of areas mostly in the left hemisphere, whereas sadness showed a limited number of active areas at late latency. The present findings indicate that the neural signature of basic emotions can emerge as the byproduct of dynamic spatiotemporal brain networks as investigated with millisecond-range resolution, rather than in time-independent areas involved uniquely in the processing one specific emotion. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-45977-6_10 | Conceptual Versus Referential Affordance In Concept Composition | One of the defining traits of language is its capacity to mediate between concepts in our mind, which encapsulate generalizations, and the things they refer to in a given communicative act, with all their idiosyncratic properties. This article examines precisely this interplay between conceptual and referential aspects of meaning, and proposes that concept composition (or concept combination, a term more commonly used in Psychology) exploits both: Conceptually afforded composition is at play when a modifier and its head fit as could be expected given the properties of the two concepts involved, whereas in referentially afforded composition the result of the composition depends on specific, independently available properties of the referent. For instance, red box tends to be applied to boxes whose surface is red, but, given the appropriate context, it can also be applied to e. g. a brown box that contains red objects. We support our proposal with data from nominal modification, and explore a way to formally distinguish the two kinds of composition and integrate them into a more general framework for semantic analysis. Along the way, we recover the classically Fregean notion of sense as including conceptual information, and show the potential of distributional semantics , a framework that has become very influential in Cognitive Science and Computational Linguistics , to address research questions from a theoretical linguistic perspective. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Texts and Concepts",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.15184/aqy.2018.136 | Stone lines and burnt bones: ritual elaborations in Xiongnu mortuary arenas of Inner Asia | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
|
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.004 | Optogenetic stimulation of cortex to map evoked whisker movements in awake head-restrained mice | Whisker movements are used by rodents to touch objects in order to extract spatial and textural tactile information about their immediate surroundings. To understand the mechanisms of such active sensorimotor processing it is important to investigate whisker motor control. The activity of neurons in the neocortex affects whisker movements, but many aspects of the organization of cortical whisker motor control remain unknown. Here, we filmed whisker movements evoked by sequential optogenetic stimulation of different locations across the left dorsal sensorimotor cortex of awake head-restrained mice. Whisker movements were evoked by optogenetic stimulation of many regions in the dorsal sensorimotor cortex. Optogenetic stimulation of whisker sensory barrel cortex evoked retraction of the contralateral whisker after a short latency, and a delayed rhythmic protraction of the ipsilateral whisker. Optogenetic stimulation of frontal cortex evoked rhythmic bilateral whisker protraction with a longer latency compared to stimulation of sensory cortex. Compared to frontal cortex stimulation, larger amplitude bilateral rhythmic whisking in a less protracted position was evoked at a similar latency by stimulating a cortical region posterior to Bregma and close to the midline. These data suggest that whisker motor control might be broadly distributed across the dorsal mouse sensorimotor cortex. Future experiments must investigate the complex neuronal circuits connecting specific cell-types in various cortical regions with the whisker motor neurons located in the facial nucleus. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1039/c3sc52753k | Exploitation of Rh(i)-Rh(iii) cycles in enantioselective C-C bond cleavages: Access to β-tetralones and benzobicyclo[2.2.2]octanones | Rhodium(i)-catalyzed β-carbon eliminations of tert-cyclobutanols followed by oxidative addition give benzorhoda(iii)cyclopentenes. These key intermediates trigger intramolecular C-H arylations leading to β-tetralones with quaternary stereogenic centers in excellent enantioselectivity. The versatility of the rhoda(iii)cyclic species is further shown in formal intramolecular [4+2]-cycloadditions providing access to benzobicyclo[2. 2. 2] octanones. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2009872283 | Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain | Significance Sex differences are of high scientific and societal interest because of their prominence in behavior of humans and nonhuman species. This work is highly significant because it studies a very large population of 949 youths (8–22 y, 428 males and 521 females) using the diffusion-based structural connectome of the brain, identifying novel sex differences. The results establish that male brains are optimized for intrahemispheric and female brains for interhemispheric communication. The developmental trajectories of males and females separate at a young age, demonstrating wide differences during adolescence and adulthood. The observations suggest that male brains are structured to facilitate connectivity between perception and coordinated action, whereas female brains are designed to facilitate communication between analytical and intuitive processing modes. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
US 2021/0053704 W | FLARE SPILL CONTROL SYSTEM | A hydrocarbon management system comprises a flare boom configured to connect to a drilling or production rig. The flare boom is configured to combust at least a portion of hydrocarbon fluids flowed from the rig to the flare boom. A catcher is configured to be spatially positioned relative to the end of the flare boom. The catcher comprises a diverter positioned to divert a flow of uncombusted hydrocarbon liquids from the flare boom, and a container configured to receive the uncombusted hydrocarbon liquids diverted by the diverter. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
268596 | A phylogenetic and experimental approach to understand the evolution of microbiota | Microbial communities (=microbiota) associated with multicellular organisms play an important role in host nutrition and development. Advances in sequencing technology have revealed an unexpectedly high diversity of microbiota; these advances are not, however, matched by advances in our understanding of the evolutionary factors that structure microbiota. The goal of this proposal is to fill this knowledge gap. Evolutionary models developed for simple host-symbiont relationships have identified a number of factors that shape these relationships: mode of transmission (horizontal versus maternal transmission), host ranges and fitness effects for the host. Together these factors influence the role of selection among hosts and the role of selection within hosts (among microbes), the two levels of selection that are believed to shape host-symbiont coevolution. Here I intend to expand these models to host - microbiota interactions.
My objectives are to use next-generation sequencing to conduct a comparative study of bacterial microbiota structure and to combine this work with experiments that explore the underlying evolutionary processes. I will focus on the crustacean family Daphniidae (mainly the genus Daphnia)¿a system ideally suited for studies in the field and laboratory. I will test hypotheses about the evolution of mutualism, virulence, cheating and coevolution, as well as test for the role of mode of transmission and host specificity. The analysis of host-microbiota associations will be conducted for entire microbiota and for stepwise simplified, but biologically meaningful subsets.
Testing general models for the evolution of microbiota will have implications far beyond the chosen model system, ranging from ecology and evolution to agricultural sciences and medicine. The proposed study is innovative, significant and risk-taking and will combine skills in evolutionary biology, experimental design, bioinformatics and molecular biology. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02759 | Simultaneous SAXS/WAXS/UV-Vis Study of the Nucleation and Growth of Nanoparticles: A Test of Classical Nucleation Theory | Despite the increasing interest in the applications of functional nanoparticles, a comprehensive understanding of the formation mechanism starting from the precursor reaction with subsequent nucleation and growth is still a challenge. We for the first time investigated the kinetics of gold nanoparticle formation systematically by means of a lab-based in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)/wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS)/UV-vis absorption spectroscopy experiment using a stopped-flow apparatus. We thus could systematically investigate the influence of all major factors such as precursor concentration, temperature, the presence of stabilizing ligands and cosolvents on the temporal evolution of particle size, size distribution, and optical properties from the early prenucleation state to the late growth phase. We for first time formulated and numerically solved a closed nucleation and growth model including the precursor reaction. We observe that the results can be well described within the framework of classical nucleation and growth theory, including also results of previous studies by other research groups. From the analysis, we can quantitatively derive values for the rate constants of precursor reaction and growth together with their activation free enthalpies. We find the growth process to be surface-reaction limited with negligible influence of Ostwald ripening yielding narrow disperse gold nanoparticles. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1117/12.2040518 | Multispectral Imaging Of Organ Viability During Uterine Transplantation Surgery | Uterine transplantation surgery has been proposed as a treatment for permanent absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI)
in the case of loss of the uterus. Due to the complexity of the vasculature correct reanastomosis of the blood supply
during transplantation surgery is a crucial step to ensure reperfusion and viability of the organ. While techniques such as fluorescent dye imaging have been proposed to visualise perfusion there is no gold standard for
intraoperative visualisation of tissue oxygenation. In this paper results from a liquid crystal tuneable filter (LCTF)-based
multispectral imaging (MSI) laparoscope are described. The system was used to monitor uterine oxygen saturation
(SaO 2 ) before and after transplantation. Results from surgeries on two animal models (rabbits and sheep) are presented. A feature-based registration algorithm was used to correct for misalignment induced by breathing or peristalsis in the
tissues of interest prior to analysis. An absorption spectrum was calculated at each spatial pixel location using reflectance
data from a reference standard, and the relative contributions from oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin were calculated using a
least squares regression algorithm with non-negativity constraints. Results acquired during animal surgeries show that cornual oxygenation changes are consistent with those observed in
point measurements taken using a pulse oximeter, showing reduced SaO 2 following reanastomosis. Values obtained
using the MSI laparoscope were lower than those taken with the pulse oximeter, which may be due to the latter’s use of
the pulsatile arterial blood signal. Future work incorporating immunological test results will help to correlate SaO 2 levels
with surgical outcomes. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W1589067719 | Arrhythmogenic Remodeling in Murine Models of Deoxycorticosterone Acetate-Salt-Induced and 5/6-Subtotal Nephrectomy-Salt-Induced Cardiorenal Disease | Renal failure is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling and sudden cardiac death. The mechanism leading to enhanced arrhythmogenicity in the cardiorenal syndrome is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize electrophysiological and tissue alterations correlated with enhanced arrhythmogenicity in two distinct mouse models of renal failure.Thirty-week-old 129Sv mice received a high-salt diet and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) for 8 weeks, followed by an additional period of high-salt diet for 27 weeks (DOCA-salt aged model). Adult CD-1 mice were submitted to 5/6-subtotal nephrectomy (SNx) and treated for 11 weeks with a high-salt diet (SNx-salt adult model). Vulnerability to arrhythmia as well as conduction velocities (CVs) of the hearts were determined ex vivo with epicardial mapping. Subsequently, the hearts were characterized for connexin 43 (Cx43) and fibrosis.DOCA-salt and SNx-salt mice developed renal dysfunction characterized by albuminuria. Heart, lung and kidney weights were increased in DOCA-salt mice. Both DOCA-salt and SNx-salt mice were highly susceptible to ventricular arrhythmias. DOCA-salt mice had a significant decrease in both longitudinal and transversal CV in the left ventricle. Histological analysis revealed a significant reduction in Cx43 expression as well as an increase in interstitial fibrosis in both DOCA-salt and SNx-salt mice.DOCA-salt and SNx-salt treatment induced renal dysfunction, which resulted in structural and electrical cardiac remodeling and enhanced arrhythmogenicity. The reduced Cx43 expression and increased fibrosis levels in these hearts are likely candidates for the formation of the arrhythmogenic substrate. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W4312638867 | Nota introduttiva | Il 5 marzo del 1922 nasceva a Bologna Pier Paolo Pasolini e Cuadernos de Filología Italiana ha scelto di inaugurare con il suo nome il ritorno editoriale di una proposta monografica che da questo numero accompagnerà nuovamente le tradizionali sezioni di linguistica, letteratura e delle recensioni.
 Gli anniversari, si sa, possono essere momenti ambigui della riflessione e a volte convogliano su un dato autore attenzioni dal valore più mondano che intellettuale; il 2022, per giunta, ci ricorda che cento anni fa nascevano anche, solo per restare in ambito letterario, Beppe Fenoglio, Giorgio Manganelli, Luigi Meneghello e Luciano Bianciardi. Le ragioni della nostra scelta si fondano innanzitutto sulla capacità che Pasolini ha di interrogare ancora e sempre i nostri studenti, spesso stupiti nei loro primi approcci con l’autore che più di ogni altro, nella complessa costellazione del nostro Novecento, rinnova in ugual misura sconcerto e ammirazione in chi gli si avvicina per la prima volta, anche grazie o a causa del suo essere arcipelago di linguaggi e proposte. La sua esperienza artistica, per giunta, compressa in un trentennio vertiginoso, non può essere ascritta a una sola disciplina di studi e ciò ci pone automaticamente nella circostanza di aprire le maglie della nostra specializzazione ad altri sguardi e altri saperi. Vastità e complessità – e ben inteso, inciampi e contraddizioni – restano a buon conto caratteri essenziali della sua opera, eredità da coltivare e mettere in valore.
 Quasi cinquant’anni dopo la sua morte, pensiamo inoltre che sia possibile osservare la sua traiettoria consapevoli che ai significati della sua opera, per usare un’acuta analisi di Walter Siti (2005: 135), si è andato sovrapponendo il significante del «mito Pasolini». Non ignoriamo, del resto, che è a quel mito che spesso si avvicinano abbagliati altri giovani e altri artisti, ma ciò non ci esime, semmai ci incita, dal proseguire il lavoro ermeneutico, filologico e culturale che qui presentiamo. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
216378 | Cop21: results and implications for pathways and policies for low emissions european societies | The COP21 outcome represents an important new strategic context for EU climate policy. Analysing the implications of this new context requires an interdisciplinary approach, combining analysis of the evolution of the international climate regime as well as of NDCs and their socio-economic implications. Such analysis is also urgent, given the timelines imposed by the Paris Agreement for a “facilitative dialogue” in 2018 with a view to creating the conditions for the revision of NDC in 2020. In order to address the context described above, this project has four objectives : 1) Assess the adequacy of the NDCs submitted at COP21 in light of the global temperature target of limiting warming to 2°C/1.5°C. Through the analysis of GHG scenarios and energy system scenarios , the project will pay particular attention to the concrete system changes induced by NDCs, and compare them with the changes required to meet the global temperature limit. The project will also analyse scenarios limiting warming to 1.5°C, and the impact of NDCs on other sectors, in particular land-use. 2) Assess the implications of NDCs and deeper mitigation pathways on other European socio-economic objectives. By integrating GHG and energy system scenarios into a range of different macro-economic, global energy system models and other quantified methodologies, the project will investigate implications for European socio-economic objectives related to innovation and technology deployment; trade and competiveness; investment, financial flows and economic growth (“green growth”); and global energy markets and energy security. 3. Assess the adequacy of the outcomes of COP21, and the implications and opportunities emerging from ongoing UNFCCC negotiations. The project will undertake a social sciences-based (in particular international law and international relations) assessment of the outcome of COP21. 4) Policy recommendations for EU climate policy and climate diplomacy. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms5841 | Protein co-translocational unfolding depends on the direction of pulling | Protein unfolding and translocation through pores occurs during trafficking between organelles, protein degradation and bacterial toxin delivery. In vivo, co-translocational unfolding can be affected by the end of the polypeptide that is threaded into the pore first. Recently, we have shown that co-translocational unfolding can be followed in a model system at the single-molecule level, thereby unravelling molecular steps and their kinetics. Here, we show that the unfolding kinetics of the model substrate thioredoxin, when pulled through an α -haemolysin pore, differ markedly depending on whether the process is initiated from the C terminus or the N terminus. Further, when thioredoxin is pulled from the N terminus, the unfolding pathway bifurcates: some molecules finish unfolding quickly, while others finish ∼100 times slower. Our findings have important implications for the understanding of biological unfolding mechanisms and in the application of nanopore technology for the detection of proteins and their modifications. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1128/mSystems.00240-18 | Proteomic dissection of the cellulolytic machineries used by soil-dwelling bacteroidetes | Bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes are regarded as highly efficient carbohydrate metabolizers, but most species are limited to (semi)soluble glycans. The soil Bacteroidetes species Cytophaga hutchinsonii and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides have long been known as efficient cellulose metabolizers, but neither species conforms to known cellulolytic mechanisms. Both species require contact with their substrate but do not encode cellulosomal systems of cell surface-attached enzyme complexes or the polysaccharide utilization loci found in many other Bacteroidetes species. Here, we have fractionated the cellular compartments of each species from cultures growing on crystalline cellulose and pectin, respectively, and analyzed them using label-free quantitative proteomics as well as enzymatic activity assays. The combined results enabled us to highlight enzymes likely to be important for cellulose conversion and to infer their cellular localization. The combined proteomes represent a wide array of putative cellulolytic enzymes and indicate specific and yet highly redundant mechanisms for cellulose degradation. Of the putative endoglucanases, especially enzymes of hitherto-unstudied glycoside hydrolase family, 8 were abundant, indicating an overlooked important role during cellulose metabolism. Furthermore, both species generated a large number of abundant hypothetical proteins during cellulose conversion, providing a treasure trove of targets for future enzymology studies. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1215/00127094-3477128 | Uniform rectifiability, carleson measure estimates, and approximation of harmonic functions | Let E ⊂ ℝn+1, n ≥ 2, be a uniformly rectifiable set of dimension n. Then bounded harmonic functions in Ω := ℝn+1 \ E satisfy Carleson measure estimates and are ε-approximable. Our results may be viewed as generalized versions of the classical F. and M. Riesz theorem, since the estimates that we prove are equivalent, in more topologically friendly settings, to quantitative mutual absolute continuity of harmonic measure and surface measure. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
259256 | InteGrated Laboratories to investigate the mechanics of ASeismic vs. Seismic faulting | Earthquakes are potentially catastrophic phenomena that have a huge impact on the environment and society. Understanding the physical processes responsible for earthquakes and faulting requires high quality data and direct observations of the underlying phenomena. However, no direct measurements can be made at depth where earthquakes initiate and propagate. Our knowledge of the mechanical properties of fault zones relies on Earth surface observations and experiments conducted in rock deformation laboratories. Despite recent progress, we have much to learn about the mechanics of earthquakes and the complex and inherently scale-dependent processes that govern earthquake faulting.
Central Italy is a unique test site that can serve as a natural laboratory for the integration of high resolution data gathered from different disciplines. I propose to develop my innovative and multidisciplinary research to unravel the physico-chemico processes responsible for faulting phenomena ranging from aseismic creep to seismic slip. GLASS will aim to:
(i) locate and analyze different types of transient seismic signals from the actively deforming crust, such as fast/slow and high/low frequency earthquakes and non volcanic tremors;
(ii) study deformation processes in outcrops of ancient faults that represent exhumed analogues of the active structures today;
(iii) characterize the fluid flow and frictional properties of faults in rock deformation experiments;
(iv) investigate earthquake nucleation and recurrence by developing numerical models that will be constrained by field and experimental data and calibrated by seismological records.
The proposed research will allow to create unprecedented insight into the mechanics of earthquakes and to investigate deformation processes from the crustal to the nano-scale and from a time window ranging from the seismic cycle to entire geologic fault history. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
1264048 | Key account management process for beneficiaries of the eu funded programmes sme-instrument, fti and fet-open and services to enhance the innovation management capacities of smes | The project aims at boosting the participation of European SMEs in the largest research and innovation funding programme of the EU, HORIZON 2020, especially in the SME instrument, in FTI or FET open and as a second to enhance the innovation management capacities of high innovative SMEs.Implementation activities are organized in two work packages (WP):
Within the WP1 Key Account Management (KAM), the project will accompany beneficiaries of the SME instrument, FTI or FET in the implementation of their project ideas and initiate a coaching for them.
In WP 2 Enhancing Innovation Management Capacity process (EIMC), the project activities should result in significant higher innovation management capacities of SMEs (). Therefore, the innovation capacities and processes, innovation strategies and internal organizations of SMEs as well as their relations with innovation partners will have to be assessed. For this, the partners will apply proven assessment tools. Identified gaps and bottlenecks in the innovation management capacities will be discussed and measures and action plans to overcome them will be defined by the EEN consultants jointly with the SME.
KAMINO contains an assistance package for successful applicants in the SME instrument of H2020 and delivers assessments, advice and consultations to support SME to strengthen their innovation management capacities. Three EEN partners –ATI Kueste GmbH, Steinbeis-Forschungszentrum Technologiemanagement-Nordost and Technologiepark Warnemünde GmbH – work on the mentioned activities. The IHK zu Rostock– will formally act as coordinator for this action but will not implement any tasks.
Best suited enterprises will be acquired by various sources, provided by the project partners. For the KAM-process the potential candidates will be nominated by the European Commission through a special evaluation process. The consortium EEN M-V plans to perform 7 assessment service packages, both KAM and EIMC, in 2019. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0126821 | Human fertility, molecular genetics, and natural selection in modern societies | Research on genetic influences on human fertility outcomes such as number of children ever born (NEB) or the age at first childbirth (AFB) has been solely based on twin and family-designs that suffer from problematic assumptions and practical limitations. The current study exploits recent advances in the field of molecular genetics by applying the genomic-relationship-matrix based restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) methods to quantify for the first time the extent to which common genetic variants influence the NEB and the AFB of women. Using data from the UK and the Netherlands (N = 6,758), results show significant additive genetic effects on both traits explaining 10% (SE = 5) of the variance in the NEB and 15% (SE = 4) in the AFB. We further find a significant negative genetic correlation between AFB and NEB in the pooled sample of -0. 62 (SE = 0. 27, p-value = 0. 02). This finding implies that individuals with genetic predispositions for an earlier AFB had a reproductive advantage and that natural selection operated not only in historical, but also in contemporary populations. The observed postponement in the AFB across the past century in Europe contrasts with these findings, suggesting an evolutionary override by environmental effects and underscoring that evolutionary predictions in modern human societies are not straight forward. It emphasizes the necessity for an integrative research design from the fields of genetics and social sciences in order to understand and predict fertility outcomes. Finally, our results suggest that we may be able to find genetic variants associated with human fertility when conducting GWAS-meta analyses with sufficient sample size. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1111/pbi.13279 | Rice microtubule-associated protein IQ67-DOMAIN14 regulates grain shape by modulating microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics | Cortical microtubule (MT) arrays play a critical role in plant cell shape determination by defining the direction of cell expansion. As plants continuously adapt to ever-changing environmental conditions, multiple environmental and developmental inputs need to be translated into changes of the MT cytoskeleton. Here, we identify and functionally characterize an auxin-inducible and MT-localized protein OsIQ67-DOMAIN14 (OsIQD14), which is highly expressed in rice seed hull cells. We show that while deficiency of OsIQD14 results in short and wide seeds and increases overall yield, overexpression leads to narrow and long seeds, caused by changed MT alignment. We further show that OsIQD14-mediated MT reordering is regulated by specifically affecting MT dynamics, and ectopic expression of OsIQD14 in Arabidopsis could change the cell shape both in pavement cells and in hypocotyl cells. Additionally, OsIQD14 activity is tightly controlled by calmodulin proteins, providing an alternative way to modify the OsIQD14 activity. Our results indicate that OsIQD14 acts as a key factor in regulating MT rearrangements in rice hull cells and hence the grain shape, and allows effective local cell shape manipulation to improve the rice yield trait. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
340391 | Superamphiphobic surfaces for chemical processing | Superhydrophobic surfaces hold enormous promise as future self-cleaning or anti-fouling coatings. Their widespread use was, however, limited by contamination with oils and dissolved substances and insufficient mechanical stability. Superamphiphobic surfaces prevent contamination. They not only repel water but also non-polar liquids, surfactant and protein solutions. We recently developed a concept to fabricate transparent, robust superamphiphobic coatings, that is potentially upscalable for industrial mass production. The almost contact-free interface will open up new opportunities in membrane technology, solvent-free production of microspheres, in microfluidics, and in preventing biofilm formation. With targeted experiments and simulation we relate the microscopic structure of superamphiphobic layers to their impalement pressure, roll-off angle, mechanical strength and hydrodynamic drag. Based on these insight, improved and adapted designs will be developed. This project will make it possible to determine the potential of superamphiphobic layers in novel approaches to microchemical processing including improved transport, synthesis and characterization. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.013 | Myc Cooperates with Ras by Programming Inflammation and Immune Suppression | The two oncogenes KRas and Myc cooperate to drive tumorigenesis, but the mechanism underlying this remains unclear. In a mouse lung model of KRasG12D-driven adenomas, we find that co-activation of Myc drives the immediate transition to highly proliferative and invasive adenocarcinomas marked by highly inflammatory, angiogenic, and immune-suppressed stroma. We identify epithelial-derived signaling molecules CCL9 and IL-23 as the principal instructing signals for stromal reprogramming. CCL9 mediates recruitment of macrophages, angiogenesis, and PD-L1-dependent expulsion of T and B cells. IL-23 orchestrates exclusion of adaptive T and B cells and innate immune NK cells. Co-blockade of both CCL9 and IL-23 abrogates Myc-induced tumor progression. Subsequent deactivation of Myc in established adenocarcinomas triggers immediate reversal of all stromal changes and tumor regression, which are independent of CD4+CD8+ T cells but substantially dependent on returning NK cells. We show that Myc extensively programs an immune suppressive stroma that is obligatory for tumor progression. Oncogenic Myc activity orchestrates an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-019-43169-8 | Zooarchaeology of the social and economic upheavals in the Late Antique-Early Islamic sequence of the Negev Desert | The Byzantine – Islamic transition (7 th –8 th centuries CE) in the desert-edge Palaestina Tertia is examined using faunal remains recovered from archaeological sites in the Negev. Archaeozoological analyses suggest sharp differences between Late Byzantine and Early Islamic animal economies, especially in herding patterns and the exploitation of wildlife resources. These differences are suggested to reflect both cultural and land ownership changes following the Arab conquest, against the backdrop of climatic change. The archaeozoological record thereby provides independent evidence to the rise and fall of societal complexity in this marginal region. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2015.12.012 | Scale invariance of the η-deformed AdS<inf>5</inf>×S<sup>5</sup> superstring, T-duality and modified type II equations | We consider the ABF background underlying the η-deformed AdS5×S5 sigma model. This background fails to satisfy the standard IIB supergravity equations which indicates that the corresponding sigma model is not Weyl invariant, i. e. does not define a critical string theory in the usual sense. We argue that the ABF background should still define a UV finite theory on a flat 2d world-sheet implying that the η-deformed model is scale invariant. This property follows from the formal relation via T-duality between the η-deformed model and the one defined by an exact type IIB supergravity solution that has 6 isometries albeit broken by a linear dilaton. We find that the ABF background satisfies candidate type IIB scale invariance conditions which for the R-R field strengths are of the second order in derivatives. Surprisingly, we also find that the ABF background obeys an interesting modification of the standard IIB supergravity equations that are first order in derivatives of R-R fields. These modified equations explicitly depend on Killing vectors of the ABF background and, although not universal, they imply the universal scale invariance conditions. Moreover, we show that it is precisely the non-isometric dilaton of the T-dual solution that leads, after T-duality, to modification of type II equations from their standard form. We conjecture that the modified equations should follow from κ-symmetry of the η-deformed model. All our observations apply also to η-deformations of AdS3×S3×T4and AdS2×S2×T6models. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1186/s12864-018-4577-1 | CNVs are associated with genomic architecture in a songbird | Background: Understanding variation in genome structure is essential to understand phenotypic differences within populations and the evolutionary history of species. A promising form of this structural variation is copy number variation (CNV). CNVs can be generated by different recombination mechanisms, such as non-allelic homologous recombination, that rely on specific characteristics of the genome architecture. These structural variants can therefore be more abundant at particular genes ultimately leading to variation in phenotypes under selection. Detailed characterization of CNVs therefore can reveal evolutionary footprints of selection and provide insight in their contribution to phenotypic variation in wild populations. Results: Here we use genotypic data from a long-term population of great tits (Parus major), a widely studied passerine bird in ecology and evolution, to detect CNVs and identify genomic features prevailing within these regions. We used allele intensities and frequencies from high-density SNP array data from 2,175 birds. We detected 41,029 CNVs concatenated into 8,008 distinct CNV regions (CNVRs). We successfully validated 93. 75% of the CNVs tested by qPCR, which were sampled at different frequencies and sizes. A mother-daughter family structure allowed for the evaluation of the inheritance of a number of these CNVs. Thereby, only CNVs with 40 probes or more display segregation in accordance with Mendelian inheritance, suggesting a high rate of false negative calls for smaller CNVs. As CNVRs are a coarse-grained map of CNV loci, we also inferred the frequency of coincident CNV start and end breakpoints. We observed frequency-dependent enrichment of these breakpoints at homologous regions, CpG sites and AT-rich intervals. A gene ontology enrichment analyses showed that CNVs are enriched in genes underpinning neural, cardiac and ion transport pathways. Conclusion: Great tit CNVs are present in almost half of the genes and prominent at repetitive-homologous and regulatory regions. Although overlapping genes under selection, the high number of false negatives make neutrality or association tests on CNVs detected here difficult. Therefore, CNVs should be further addressed in the light of their false negative rate and architecture to improve the comprehension of their association with phenotypes and evolutionary history. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201424391 | The Gaia Eso Survey Extracting Diffuse Interstellar Bands From Cool Star Spectra Dib Based Interstellar Medium Line Of Sight Structures At The Kpc Scale | Aims. We study how diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) measured toward distance-distributed target stars can be used to locate dense interstellar (IS) clouds in the Galaxy and probe a line-of-sight (LOS) kinematical structure, a potentially useful tool when gaseous absorption lines are saturated or not available in the spectral range. Cool target stars are numerous enough for this purpose. Methods. We devised automated DIB-fitting methods appropriate for cool star spectra and multiple IS components. The data were fitted with a combination of a synthetic stellar spectrum, a synthetic telluric transmission, and empirical DIB profiles. The initial number of DIB components and their radial velocity were guided by HI 21 cm emission spectra, or, when available in the spectral range, IS neutral sodium absorption lines. For NaI, radial velocities of NaI lines and DIBs were maintained linked during a global simultaneous fit. In parallel, stellar distances and extinctions were estimated self-consistently by means of a 2D Bayesian method from spectroscopically-derived stellar parameters and photometric data. Results. We have analyzed Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) spectra of 225 stars that probe between ~2 and 10 kpc long LOS in five different regions of the Milky Way. The targets are the two CoRoT fields, two open clusters (NGC 4815 and γ Vel), and the Galactic bulge. Two OGLE fields toward the bulge observed before the GES are also included (205 target stars). Depending on the observed spectral intervals, we extracted one or more of the following DIBs: λλ 6283. 8, 6613. 6, and 8620. 4. For each field, we compared the DIB strengths with the Bayesian distances and extinctions, and the DIB Doppler velocities with the HI emission spectra. Conclusions. For all fields, the DIB strength and the target extinction are well correlated. For targets that are widely distributed in distance, marked steps in DIBs and extinction radial distance profiles match each other and broadly correspond to the expected locations of spiral arms. For all fields, the DIB velocity structure agrees with HI emission spectra, and all detected DIBs correspond to strong NaI lines. This illustrates how DIBs can be used to locate the Galactic interstellar gas and to study its kinematics at the kpc scale, as illustrated by Local and Perseus Arm DIBs that differ by ≳30 km s-1, in agreement with HI emission spectra. On the other hand, if most targets are located beyond the main absorber, DIBs can trace the differential reddening within the field. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-020-18172-7 | CMTM6 expressed on the adaxonal Schwann cell surface restricts axonal diameters in peripheral nerves | Abstract
The velocity of nerve conduction is moderately enhanced by larger axonal diameters and potently sped up by myelination of axons. Myelination thus allows rapid impulse propagation with reduced axonal diameters; however, no myelin-dependent mechanism has been reported that restricts radial growth of axons. By label-free proteomics, STED-microscopy and cryo-immuno electron-microscopy we here identify CMTM6 (chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL-transmembrane domain-containing family member-6) as a myelin protein specifically localized to the Schwann cell membrane exposed to the axon. We find that disruption of Cmtm6-expression in Schwann cells causes a substantial increase of axonal diameters but does not impair myelin biogenesis, radial sorting or integrity of axons. Increased axonal diameters correlate with accelerated sensory nerve conduction and sensory responses and perturbed motor performance. These data show that Schwann cells utilize CMTM6 to restrict the radial growth of axons, which optimizes nerve function. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W2043494180 | Differential pulse voltammetric determination of methyl parathion based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes–poly(acrylamide) nanocomposite film modified electrode | A sensitive electrochemical differential pulse voltammetry method was developed for detecting methyl parathion based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes-poly(acrylamide) (MWCNTs-PAAM) nanocomposite film modified glassy carbon electrode. The novel MWCNTs-PAAM nanocomposite, containing high content of amide groups, was synthesized by PAAM polymerizing at the vinyl group functionalized MWCNTs surface using free radical polymerization. The MWCNTs-PAAM nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical behavior and interference studies of MWCNTs-PAAM/GCE for methyl parathion were investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that the MWCNTs-PAAM/GCE exhibited a high adsorption and strong affinity toward methyl parathion compared with some metal ions and nitroaromatic compounds, which exist in environmental samples. The adsorbed amount of methyl parathion on the MWCNTs-PAAM/GCE approached the equilibrium value upon 5 min adsorption time. A linear calibration curve for methyl parathion was obtained in the concentration range from 5.0×10(-9) to 1.0×10(-5) mol L(-1), with a detection limit of 2.0×10(-9) mol L(-1). The MWCNTs-PAAM/GCE was proved to be a suitable sensing tool for the fast, sensitive and selective determination of methyl parathion in environmental water samples. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
interreg_2839 | Spatial Planning in Coastal Zones | Coastal areas, especially those in the Baltic, Adriatic and Black Sea region, face a severe pressure for development. Within the next few years, tourism, transport, aquaculture and energy use will increase in these regions. Particularly in enclosed seas or coastal zones close to big urban agglomerations, conflicts with environmental protection occur as the environment is more vulnerable than on the open sea or on less densely populated coasts. An Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) can help to provide instruments to protect the environmental quality without endangering economic development. The PlanCoast project intends to promote the implementation of ICZM measures in coastal zones of the Baltic, Adriatic and Black Sea by enhancing the role of spatial planning within coastal zone management. In pilot projects the land as well as the seaside will be considered when developing and implementing new fields of spatial planning in maritime areas (sea-use planning) throughout the EU's coastal zones in a coherent manner while complying to international standards and facilitating international exchange and comparison of information. At the same time local and regional needs should be reflected. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.3847/0004-637X/831/2/144 | Ps1 14Bj A Hydrogen Poor Superluminous Supernova With A Long Rise And Slow Decay | We present photometry and spectroscopy of PS1-14bj, a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN) at redshift $z=0. 5215$ discovered in the last months of the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey. PS1-14bj stands out by its extremely slow evolution, with an observed rise of $\gtrsim 125$ rest-frame days, and exponential decline out to $\sim 250$ days past peak at a measured rate of $0. 01~{\rm mag~day}^{-1}$, consistent with fully-trapped $^{56}$Co decay. This is the longest rise time measured in a SLSN to date, and the first SLSN to show a rise time consistent with pair-instability supernova (PISN) models. Compared to other slowly-evolving SLSNe, it is spectroscopically similar to the prototype SN2007bi at maximum light, though lower in luminosity ($L_{\rm peak} \simeq 4. 6 \times 10^{43} {\rm erg s}^{-1}$) and with a flatter peak than previous events. PS1-14bj shows a number of peculiar properties, including a near-constant color temperature for $>200$ days past peak, and strong emission lines from [O III] $\lambda$5007 and [O III] $\lambda$4363 with a velocity width of $\sim$3400 km/s, in its late-time spectra. These both suggest there is a sustained source of heating over very long timescales, and are incompatible with a simple $^{56}$Ni-powered/PISN interpretation. A modified magnetar model including emission leakage at late times can reproduce the light curve, in which case the blue continuum and [O III] features are interpreted as material heated and ionized by the inner pulsar wind nebula becoming visible at late times. Alternatively, the late-time heating could be due to interaction with a shell of H-poor circumstellar material. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W2157415172 | Effect of crop establishment and weed management practices on weed growth and productivity of Basmati rice | A field experiment was conducted at village Binuria of the district Birbhum, West Bengal, India during rainy seasons (Kharif) of 2008 and 2009 to study the effect of crop establishment methods and weed management practices on weed growth and productivity of aromatic rice cv. ‘Basmati 370’. Three crop establishment methods viz. drum seeding (DS), system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional transplanting (CTR) were assigned in main plots and six weed management practices, viz. weed-free check (WFC), unweeded check (WC), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (PSE) at 20 g/ha, cono weeder (CW) twice at 15 and 30 DAS/DAT, combination of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (PSE) at 20 g/ha and cono weeder twice (PSE + CW) and metsulfuron -methyl 10% + chlorimuron- ethyl 10% (Almix) at 4 g/ha in sub-plots, replicated thrice. Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colona and Oryza rufipogon under grasses, Hydrolea zeylanica, Ludwigia parviflora, Sphenoclea zeylanica, Monochoria vaginalis, Sagittaria sagitifolia and Marsilea quadrifolia among broad-leaved and Cyperus iria, C. difformis and Fimbristylis miliacea among the sedges were predominant weeds. Hydrolea zeylanica was the most pre-dominant species in SRI as well as conventional transplanting method while Fimbristylis miliacea in drum seeding. SRI recorded significantly lower number of total weeds at 60 DAT, the highest number of panicles (231/m 2 ), filled grains (98/panicle) and grain filling efficiency (84.79%) producing the highest grain yield (3.23 t/ha), 19.68 and 25.8% higher than that of CTR and DS methods respectively. Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in combination with cono-weeder recorded the lowest weed population and dry weight at 40 DAS/DAT, higher grain yield (2982 kg/ha), 20.58% more over weedy check and was equivalent to sole application of pyrazosulfuronethyl and metsulfuron-methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1039/C7NR07745A | Enhanced Vapour Sensing Using Silicon Nanowire Devices Coated With Pt Nanoparticle Functionalized Porous Organic Frameworks | Recently various porous organic frameworks (POFs, crystalline or amorphous materials) have been discovered, and used for a wide range of applications, including molecular separations and catalysis. Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have been extensively studied for diverse applications, including as transistors, solar cells, lithium ion batteries and sensors. Here we demonstrate the functionalization of SiNW surfaces with POFs and explore its effect on the electrical sensing properties of SiNW-based devices. The surface modification by POFs was easily achieved by polycondensation on amine-modified SiNWs. Platinum nanoparticles were formed in these POFs by impregnation with chloroplatinic acid followed by chemical reduction. The final hybrid system showed highly enhanced sensitivity for methanol vapour detection. We envisage that the integration of SiNWs with POF selector layers, loaded with different metal nanoparticles will open up new avenues, not only in chemical and biosensing, but also in separations and catalysis. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s00440-013-0483-2 | Rough path stability of (semi-)linear SPDEs | We give meaning to linear and semi-linear (possibly degenerate) parabolic partial differential equations with (affine) linear rough path noise and establish stability in a rough path metric. In the case of enhanced Brownian motion (Brownian motion with its Lévy area) as rough path noise the solution coincides with the standard variational solution of the SPDE. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.5194/cp-15-539-2019 | Insensitivity of alkenone carbon isotopes to atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at low to moderate CO<sub>2</sub> levels | Abstract. Atmospheric pCO2 is a critical component of the global
carbon system and is considered to be the major control of Earth's past,
present, and future climate. Accurate and precise reconstructions of its
concentration through geological time are therefore crucial to our
understanding of the Earth system. Ice core records document pCO2 for
the past 800 kyr, but at no point during this interval were CO2 levels
higher than today. Interpretation of older pCO2 has been hampered by
discrepancies during some time intervals between two of the main ocean-based
proxy methods used to reconstruct pCO2: the carbon isotope fractionation
that occurs during photosynthesis as recorded by haptophyte biomarkers
(alkenones) and the boron isotope composition (δ11B) of
foraminifer shells. Here, we present alkenone and δ11B-based
pCO2 reconstructions generated from the same samples from the Pliocene
and across a Pleistocene glacial–interglacial cycle at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 999. We find
a muted response to pCO2 in the alkenone record compared to
contemporaneous ice core and δ11B records, suggesting caution
in the interpretation of alkenone-based records at low pCO2 levels. This
is possibly caused by the physiology of CO2 uptake in the haptophytes. Our new understanding resolves some of the inconsistencies between the
proxies and highlights that caution may be required when interpreting
alkenone-based reconstructions of pCO2. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1093/qje/qjz002 | Protests as strategic games: Experimental evidence from Hong Kong's antiauthoritarian movement | Social scientists have long viewed the decision to protest as strategic, with an individual's participation a function of their beliefs about others' turnout. We conduct a framed field experiment that recalibrates individuals' beliefs about others' protest participation, in the context of Hong Kong's ongoing antiauthoritarian movement. We elicit subjects' planned participation in an upcoming protest and their prior beliefs about others' participation, in an incentivized manner. One day before the protest, we randomly provide a subset of subjects with truthful information about others' protest plans and elicit posterior beliefs about protest turnout, again in an incentivized manner. After the protest, we elicit subjects' actual participation. This allows us to identify the causal effects of positively and negatively updated beliefs about others' protest participation on subjects' own turnout. In contrast with the assumptions of many recent models of protest participation, we consistently find evidence of strategic substitutability. We provide guidance regarding plausible sources of strategic substitutability that can be incorporated into theoretical models of protests. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1109/JETCAS.2011.2158272 | Hierarchical Thermal Management Policy For High Performance 3D Systems With Liquid Cooling | Three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits and systems are expected to be present in electronic products in the short term. We consider specifically 3D multi-processor systems-on-chips (MPSoCs), realized by stacking silicon CMOS chips and interconnecting them by means of through-silicon vias (TSVs). Because of the high power density of devices and interconnect in the 3D stack, thermal issues pose critical challenges, such as hot-spot avoidance and thermal gradient reduction. Thermal management is achieved by a combination of active control of on-chip switching rates as well as active interlayer cooling with pressurized fluids. In this paper, we propose a novel online thermal management policy for high-performance 3D systems with liquid cooling. Our proposed controller uses a hierarchical approach with a global controller regulating the active cooling and local controllers (on each layer) performing dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) and interacting with the global controller. Then, the on-line control is achieved by policies that are computed off-line by solving an optimization problem that considers the thermal profile of 3D-MPSoCs, its evolution over time and current time-varying workload requirements. The proposed hierarchical scheme is scalable to complex (and heterogeneous) 3D chip stacks. We perform experiments on a 3D-MPSoC case study with different interlayer cooling structures, using benchmarks ranging from web-accessing to playing multimedia. Results show significant advantages in terms of energy savings that reaches values up to 50% versus state-of-the-art thermal control techniques for liquid cooling, and thermal balance with differences of less than 10°C per layer. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/2053-1583/aa8418 | Square selenene and tellurene: Novel group VI elemental 2D materials with nontrivial topological properties | With first principles calculations, we predict a novel stable 2D layered structure for group VI elements Se and Te that we call square selenene and square tellurene, respectively. They have chair-like buckled structures similar to other layered materials such as silicene and germanene but with a square unit cell rather than a hexagonal one. This special structure gives rise to anisotropic band dispersions near the Fermi level that can be described by a generalized semi-Dirac Hamiltonian. We show that the considerably large band gap (∼0. 1 eV) opened by spin-orbit coupling makes square selenene and tellurene topological insulators, hosting non-trivial edge states. Therefore, square selenene and tellurene are promising materials for novel electronic and spintronic applications. Finally, we show that this new type of 2D elemental materials can potentially be grown on proper substrates, such as a Au(1 0 0) surface. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
200850 | Predicting odor perception from odorant structure and neural activity in the olfactory system | The rules linking odor perception to odorant structure are unknown. No scientist nor perfumer can predict an odor based on its molecular structure, or decipher a molecular structure based on its smell. It is this puzzle we aim to solve. In vision and audition coding was probed by linking critical physical stimulus dimensions (wavelength/frequency) to patterns of neural activity. But what are the critical physical dimensions in olfaction? Scientists have probed this by linking restricted physico-chemical aspects of the stimulus, e.g., carbon chain-length, to neural activity. However, the olfactory system did not evolve to decode carbon chain-length, but rather to encode the world around us as revealed in olfactory perception. With this in mind we developed a novel perception-based olfactory space with tangible olfactory axes, based on statistical dimension-reduction of perceptual estimates obtained from humans. In Aim 1 we will test the hypothesis that our generated space predicts olfactory perception in humans. In Aim 2 we will test the hypothesis that our generated space predicts odorant-induced neural activity in olfactory cortex (using fMRI) and epithelium (using novel methods for measurement from human neurons in vivo, methods then further explored as a potential diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's disease). In Aim 3 we will test the hypothesis that our generated space explains neural activity previously measured in the olfactory system across species. In Aim 4 we will use this framework to tune an artificial nose for medical diagnostics. In vision and audition scientists can probe the system within agreed dimensions (color/wavelength; pitch/frequency). Similarly, our proposal generates an olfactory space where one can systematically probe molecular receptor tuning-curves, cellular spatial and temporal coding schemes, as well as higher-order perception. In other words, we propose a common framework for olfaction research. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1063/1.3681292 | Communication Crystallite Nucleation In Supercooled Glycerol Near The Glass Transition | Heterogeneity and solid-like structures found near the glass transition provide a key to a better understanding of supercooled liquids and of the glass transition. However, the formation of solid-like structures and its effect on spatial heterogeneity in supercooled liquids is neither well documented nor well understood. In this work, we reveal the crystalline nature of the solid-like structures in supercooled glycerol by means of neutron scattering. The results indicate that inhomogeneous nucleation happens at temperatures near T(g). Nevertheless, the thermal history of the sample is essential for crystallization. This implies such structures in supercooled liquids strongly depend on thermal history. Our work suggests that different thermal histories may lead to different structures and therefore to different length and time scales of heterogeneity near the glass transition. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-018-03192-1 | Bounding cross-shelf transport time and degradation in Siberian-Arctic land-ocean carbon transfer | The burial of terrestrial organic carbon (terrOC) in marine sediments contributes to the regulation of atmospheric CO 2 on geological timescales and may mitigate positive feedback to present-day climate warming. However, the fate of terrOC in marine settings is debated, with uncertainties regarding its degradation during transport. Here, we employ compound-specific radiocarbon analyses of terrestrial biomarkers to determine cross-shelf transport times. For the World's largest marginal sea, the East Siberian Arctic shelf, transport requires 3600 ± 300 years for the 600 km from the Lena River to the Laptev Sea shelf edge. TerrOC was reduced by ∼85% during transit resulting in a degradation rate constant of 2. 4 ± 0. 6 kyr -1 . Hence, terrOC degradation during cross-shelf transport constitutes a carbon source to the atmosphere over millennial time. For the contemporary carbon cycle on the other hand, slow terrOC degradation brings considerable attenuation of the decadal-centennial permafrost carbon-climate feedback caused by global warming. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1088/0266-5611/27/2/025004 | Detection And Imaging In Strongly Backscattering Randomly Layered Media | Echoes from small reflectors buried in the heavy clutter are weak and difficult to distinguish from the medium backscatter. Detection and imaging with sensor arrays in such media require filtering out the unwanted backscatter and enhancing the echoes from the reflectors that we wish to locate. We consider a filtering and detection approach based on the singular value decomposition of the local cosine transform of the array response matrix. The algorithm is general and can be used for detection and imaging in the heavy clutter, but its analysis depends on the model of the cluttered medium. This paper is concerned with the analysis of the algorithm in finely layered random media. We obtain a detailed characterization of the singular values of the transformed array response matrix and justify the systematic approach of the filtering algorithm for detecting and refining the time windows that contain the echoes that are useful in imaging. | [
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
IB 2005053207 W | TWO-PHASE DATA TRANSFER PROTOCOL | A data communication arrangement permits efficient data transfer between a controller module (102) and multiple target modules (104) using a two-phase protocol. The controller module (102) and the target modules (104) can each reside in separate clock domains. Consistent with one example embodiment, a data communication arrangement includes a plurality of target modules (104), and a first XOR tree (110) arranged to provide a first data integrity-indicating signal (111) and to respond to a respective second data integrityindicating signal (108) from each of the target modules (104). A second XOR tree (112) is arranged to provide a first data bus (114) and to respond to a respective second data bus (106) from each of the target modules (104). Also, a controller module (102) is used to determine availability of data on the first data bus (114) in response to the first data integrity-indicating signal (111). | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1714308114 | Relationship of tropospheric stability to climate sensitivity and Earth’s observed radiation budget | Climate feedbacks generally become smaller in magnitude over time under CO2 forcing in coupled climate models, leading to an increase in the effective climate sensitivity, the estimated global-mean surface warming in steady state for doubled CO2. Here, we show that the evolution of climate feedbacks in models is consistent with the effect of a change in tropospheric stability, as has recently been hypothesized, and the latter is itself driven by the evolution of the pattern of sea-surface temperature response. The change in climate feedback is mainly associated with a decrease in marine tropical low cloud (a more positive shortwave cloud feedback) and with a less negative lapse-rate feedback, as expected from a decrease in stability. Smaller changes in surface albedo and humidity feedbacks also contribute to the overall change in feedback, but are unexplained by stability. The spatial pattern of feedback changes closely matches the pattern of stability changes, with the largest increase in feedback occurring in the tropical East Pacific. Relationships qualitatively similar to those in the models among sea-surface temperature pattern, stability, and radiative budget are also found in observations on interannual time scales. Our results suggest that constraining the future evolution of sea-surface temperature patterns and tropospheric stability will be necessary for constraining climate sensitivity. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
771602 | Seeing hydrogen in matter | Observing hydrogen (H) in matter is a formidable challenge. Despite being ubiquitous in nature, it is elusive
to scientific scrutiny like no other element. It is often portrayed as either a blessing or a curse. Certainly, it is
a prime candidate for producing low-carbon emission power. But no less important is the effect of hydrogen
embrittlement which has resulted in many catastrophic failures of engineering alloys.
In aid of this, SHINE will realise multiple ambitions. It will facilitate the direct imaging and quantification of
H atoms in candidate metallic alloys and metal-organic frameworks for gaseous storage, allow the discovery
of new solid-state hydrides with controlled release, and help the improvement of fuel cell materials for
energy generation. All these applications have relevance to a ‘low-carbon-emission economy’ that humanity
must develop in the 21st century.
SHINE will exploit a novel and entirely unique infrastructure, designed and currently implemented in the
PI’s group. It will directly provide three-dimensional hydrogen mapping at the near-atomic scale. By
connecting and relating this fundamental knowledge and observed physical properties, we will enable
unprecedented precision in the prediction of material behaviour and so resolve to unlock control over the
behaviour of hydrogen in such materials.
Atom probe tomography will be the principal method of a correlative microscopy and spectroscopy approach
to investigate materials where precise knowledge of the distribution of H is crucial. Informed by
experimental data, modelling and simulations will provide a mechanistic understanding of the behaviour of
H in materials. Novel hardware and data-treatment approaches will be developed to maximise data quality
and provide new insights of the behaviour of H in the complex and dynamic microstructures of engineering
materials, thereby allowing us to devise manufacturing strategies to enhance their performance and
durability. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1111/aehr.12174 | A View of the Occupational Structure in Imperial and Republican China (1640–1952) | Despite being considered a prime indicator of economic change, the occupational structure does not figure prominently in the debate regarding the economic development of early modern China. One reason is the virtual absence of occupational data before the start of the twentieth century. In this paper, we make a first attempt to sketch the occupational structure between ca. 1640 and 1952 using a variety of unique and rather fragmented occupational sources. We find that the share of persons working in agriculture remained stable until the mid-nineteenth century, with the share in industry showing some growth thereafter. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
3742040 | Objective home-based eeg prediction of amci: identification of a predictive electrophysiological model of cognitive function in amnesic mild cognitive impairment. | Dementia is an umbrella term for age-related brain disease, of which Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common. Around 5-7% of adults over 60 years suffer dementia worldwide, with approx. 8.7 m people in the EU. A frequent precursor of AD is amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a clinical condition characterised by declines in memory skills. By predicting
aMCI progression, health-care services will have new opportunities to deliver early interventions that could delay AD onset. This will ultimately promote functional independence in vulnerable adults and meet the societal challenge Health, Demographic Change and Wellbeing of Horizon 2020.
Clinical outcomes of aMCI patients are influenced by the severity of cognitive (dys-) function. However, these deficits may occur at an advanced stage of neurodegeneration. This fellowship aims to identify a predictive model of cognitive function based on brain activity measured with electro-encephalography (EEG). Previous studies suggest that the capacity to learn a new task (practice effects) can help classify a person into healthy, aMCI or AD. Also, cross-sectional studies using EEG have found differences between normal controls, aMCI and AD patients during rest and cognitive tasks. The behavioural and EEG evidence combined shows the potential of using behavioural practice and EEG measures to predict cognitive function.
This potential will be investigated and exploited in this fellowship via advanced machine learning methods on a large EEG
data sample. This fellowship will take place in BrainWaveBank (BWB), an innovative company developing the largest database of EEG data in older adults along with cutting-edge analytics. This fellowship will allow the researcher to apply her experience on neural engineering and expand her knowledge and expertise to machine learning and clinical neuroscience in BWB. This will build the researcher’s independence and build prospects for a career in the medical technology sector. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
232947 | Polycomb in development, genome regulation and cancer | Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) genes were discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as repressors and activators of Hox genes, a set of transcription factors that specify the antero-posterior axis of the body plan. PcG and trxG proteins form multimeric complexes that are required to maintain their expression state after the initial transcriptional regulators disappear from the embryo. Subsequent work led to a better understanding of their mechanisms of action. Moreover, PcG and trxG genes have also been identified in vertebrates, where they regulate Hox genes, they are involved in cell proliferation, stem cell identity and cancer, genomic imprinting in plants and mammals and X inactivation. PcG and trxG components form multimeric complexes. Some trxG and PcG components possess methyltransferase activities directed toward specific lysines of histone H3, whereas other trxG and PcG proteins interpret these histone marks. Recent studies have described the genomewide distribution of PcG proteins and of their related histone modification in Drosophila and other species. However, the PcG recruitment code to their target chromatin is still not understood, and the mechanism of PcG-mediated gene silencing is unclear. The formation of subnuclear silencing compartments might contribute to the stable repression of transcription. Drosophila PcG proteins have a speckled nuclear distribution and the number of these so-called PcG bodies is progressively reduced during development. We showed that multiple PREs can associate in the nucleus to enhance the strength of PcG-mediated silencing. However, we do not know how frequent is this clustering process and how important it is functionally at a genomewide level. Our project will tackle these questions by using a combination of genetics, developmental biology, cell biology, genomics and bioinformatic approaches, with the aim to gain an integrated understanding of the role of Polycomb and trithorax in biology | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
US 201113878449 A | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBON FIBER AGGREGATE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBON FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC | A method of producing a carbon fiber aggregate cutting an edge material of a carbon fiber base material composed of carbon fibers to obtain a cut piece, and forming the cut piece into a web and/or into a nonwoven fabric to obtain a carbon fiber aggregate. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
307551 | Dynamics and Thermodynamics in Mixed Dimensions | In ThermoDynamix, we explore experimentally and theoretically the physics of ultracold mixtures of particles evolving in a different number of dimensions. We will realize experimentally a mixed-dimensional system by laser trapping an ultracold mixture of fermionic 6Li and 40K atoms. By tuning the wavelength of the trapping laser, we will create a potential that will almost not affect Lithium, and at the same time will confine strongly the Potassium atoms in one, two or three dimensions to freeze their motion along these directions. Experimental investigations will be supplemented by a comprehensive theoretical study of the system, using both analytical and numerical tools, in particular Diagrammatic Quantum Monte-Carlo simulations. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1913099116 | Probing the electric field across thylakoid membranes in cyanobacteria | In plants, algae, and some photosynthetic bacteria, the ElectroChromic Shift (ECS) of photosynthetic pigments, which senses the electric field across photosynthetic membranes, is widely used to quantify the activity of the photosynthetic chain. In cyanobacteria, ECS signals have never been used for physiological studies, although they can provide a unique tool to study the architecture and function of the respiratory and photosynthetic electron transfer chains, entangled in the thylakoid membranes. Here, we identified bona fide ECS signals, likely corresponding to carotenoid band shifts, in the model cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 and Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. These band shifts, most likely originating from pigments located in photosystem I, have highly similar spectra in the 2 species and can be best measured as the difference between the absorption changes at 500 to 505 nm and the ones at 480 to 485 nm. These signals respond linearly to the electric field and display the basic kinetic features of ECS as characterized in other organisms. We demonstrate that these probes are an ideal tool to study photosynthetic physiology in vivo, e. g. , the fraction of PSI centers that are prebound by plastocyanin/cytochrome c6 in darkness (about 60% in both cyanobacteria, in our experiments), the conductivity of the thylakoid membrane (largely reflecting the activity of the ATP synthase), or the steady-state rates of the photosynthetic electron transport pathways. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.100.155130 | Entropy-cooled nonequilibrium states of the Hubbard model | We show that the recently proposed cooling-by-doping mechanism allows one to efficiently prepare interesting nonequilibrium states of the Hubbard model. Using nonequilibrium dynamical mean field theory and a particle-hole symmetric setup with dipolar excitations to full and empty bands we produce cold photodoped Mott insulating states with a sharp Drude peak in the optical conductivity, a superconducting state in the repulsive Hubbard model with an inverted population, and η-paired states in systems with a large density of doublons and holons. The reshuffling of entropy into full and empty bands not only provides an efficient cooling mechanism, it also allows one to overcome thermalization bottlenecks and slow dynamics that have been observed in systems cooled by the coupling to boson baths. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/nsmb.2530 | Structure of active dimeric human telomerase | Telomerase contains a large RNA subunit, TER, and a protein catalytic subunit, TERT. Whether telomerase functions as a monomer or dimer has been a matter of debate. Here we report biochemical and labeling data that show that in vivo-assembled human telomerase contains two TERT subunits and binds two telomeric DNA substrates. Notably, catalytic activity requires both TERT active sites to be functional, which demonstrates that human telomerase functions as a dimer. We also present the three-dimensional structure of the active full-length human telomerase dimer, determined by single-particle EM in negative stain. Telomerase has a bilobal architecture with the two monomers linked by a flexible interface. The monomer reconstruction at 23-Å resolution and fitting of the atomic structure of the TERT subunit from beetle Tribolium castaneum into the EM density reveals the spatial relationship between RNA and protein subunits, providing insights into telomerase architecture. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.3390/molecules20022611 | A study on the application of near infrared hyperspectral chemical imaging for monitoring moisture content and water activity in low moisture systems | Moisture content and water activity are key parameters in predicting the stability of low moisture content products. However, conventional methods for moisture content and water activity determination (e. g. , loss on drying method, Karl Fischer titration, dew point method) are time consuming, demand specialized equipment and are not amenable to online processing. For this reason they are typically applied at-line on a limited number of samples. Near infrared hyperspectral chemical imaging is an emerging technique for spatially characterising the spectral properties of samples. Due to the fast acquisition of chemical images, many samples can be evaluated simultaneously, thus providing the potential for online evaluation of samples during processing. In this study, the potential of NIR chemical imaging for predicting the moisture content and water activity of a selection of low moisture content food systems is evaluated. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.188101 | Fluid mixing by curved trajectories of microswimmers | We consider the tracer diffusion Drr that arises from the run-and-tumble motion of low Reynolds number swimmers, such as bacteria. Assuming a dilute suspension, where the bacteria move in uncorrelated runs of length λ, we obtain an exact expression for Drr for dipolar swimmers in three dimensions, hence explaining the surprising result that this is independent of λ. We compare Drr to the contribution to tracer diffusion from entrainment. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1039/c8lc00675j | Acoustophoretic focusing effects on particle synthesis and clogging in microreactors | An acoustophoretic microreactor to manage particles in flow and to control the material synthesis process. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1722339115 | Water-like anomalies as a function of tetrahedrality | Tetrahedral interactions describe the behavior of the most abundant and technologically important materials on Earth, such as water, silicon, carbon, germanium, and countless others. Despite their differences, these materials share unique common physical behaviors, such as liquid anomalies, open crystalline structures, and extremely poor glass-forming ability at ambient pressure. To reveal the physical origin of these anomalies and their link to the shape of the phase diagram, we systematically study the properties of the Stillinger–Weber potential as a function of the strength of the tetrahedral interaction λ. We uncover a unique transition to a reentrant spinodal line at low values of λ, accompanied with a change in the dynamical behavior, from non-Arrhenius to Arrhenius. We then show that a two-state model can provide a comprehensive understanding on how the thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies of this important class of materials depend on the strength of the tetrahedral interaction. Our work establishes a deep link between the shape of the phase diagram and the thermodynamic and dynamic properties through local structural ordering in liquids and hints at why water is so special among all substances. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
725729 | Functions of plasticity in adult-born neurons | The major objective of FUNCOPLAN is to examine groundbreaking questions on the functional role of newly-generated neurons in the adult brain. Using a combination of innovative approaches, our aim is to discover how plasticity in adult-born cells shapes information processing in neuronal circuits.
Adult neurogenesis produces new neurons in particular areas of the mammalian brain throughout life. Because they undergo a transient period of heightened plasticity, these freshly-generated cells are believed to bring unique properties to the circuits they join – a continual influx of new, immature cells is believed to provide a level of plasticity not achievable by the mature, resident network alone. But what exactly is the function of the additional plasticity provided by adult-born neurons? How does it influence information processing in neuronal networks?
These questions are vital for our fundamental understanding of how the brain works. We will address them by studying a unique population of cells that is continually generated throughout life: dopaminergic neurons in the olfactory bulb. These cells play a key role in the modulation of early sensory responses and are renowned for their plastic capacity. However, the role of this plasticity in shaping sensory processing remains completely unknown. FUNCOPLAN’s first objectives, therefore, are to discover novel experience-dependent plastic changes in the cellular features and sensory response properties of adult-born neurons. We will then go much further than this, however, by integrating our discoveries with state-of-the-art techniques for precisely manipulating activity in these cells in vivo. This wholly innovative approach will allow us to mimic the effects of plasticity in naïve circuits, or cancel the effects of plasticity in experience-altered networks. In this way, we will break new ground, demonstrating a unique contribution of plasticity in adult-born cells to the fundamental function of neuronal circuitry. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1111/ejn.14280 | Architecture and organization of mouse posterior parietal cortex relative to extrastriate areas | The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is a multifaceted region of cortex, contributing to several cognitive processes, including sensorimotor integration and spatial navigation. Although recent years have seen a considerable rise in the use of rodents, particularly mice, to investigate PPC and related networks, a coherent anatomical definition of PPC in the mouse is still lacking. To address this, we delineated the mouse PPC, using cyto- and chemoarchitectural markers from Nissl-, parvalbumin-and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2-staining. Additionally, we performed bilateral triple anterograde tracer injections in primary visual cortex (V1) and prepared flattened tangential sections from one hemisphere and coronal sections from the other, allowing us to co-register the cytoarchitectural features of PPC with V1 projections. This revealed that extrastriate area A was largely contained within lateral PPC, that medial PPC overlapped with the anterior portion of area AM, and that anterior RL overlapped partially with area PtP. Furthermore, triple anterograde tracer injections in PPC showed strong projections to associative thalamic nuclei as well as higher visual areas, orbitofrontal, cingulate and secondary motor cortices. Retrograde circuit mapping with rabies virus further showed that all cortical connections were reciprocal. These combined approaches provide a coherent definition of mouse PPC that incorporates laminar architecture, extrastriate projections, thalamic, and cortico–cortical connections. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1186/s13073-018-0612-8 | Mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance in cancer and insights into the DNA damage response | Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPi) have entered the clinic for the treatment of patients with cancers that lack homology-directed DNA repair, but drug resistance remains a clinical hurdle. Recent advances in the identification of PARPi resistance mechanisms have yielded a better understanding of DNA end protection and the relevance of endogenous poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, highlighting new vulnerabilities. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms8785 | Gains and losses of coral skeletal porosity changes with ocean acidification acclimation | Ocean acidification is predicted to impact ecosystems reliant on calcifying organisms, potentially reducing the socioeconomic benefits these habitats provide. Here we investigate the acclimation potential of stony corals living along a pH gradient caused by a Mediterranean CO<inf>2</inf> vent that serves as a natural long-term experimental setting. We show that in response to reduced skeletal mineralization at lower pH, corals increase their skeletal macroporosity (features >10 μm) in order to maintain constant linear extension rate, an important criterion for reproductive output. At the nanoscale, the coral skeleton's structural features are not altered. However, higher skeletal porosity, and reduced bulk density and stiffness may contribute to reduce population density and increase damage susceptibility under low pH conditions. Based on these observations, the almost universally employed measure of coral biomineralization, the rate of linear extension, might not be a reliable metric for assessing coral health and resilience in a warming and acidifying ocean. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1080/02680939.2020.1748722 | From An Age Of Measurement To An Evidence Era Policy Making In Teacher Education In England | The Department for Education (DfE) in England seeks to determine the actions of educationists in both the public and private sectors through the use of targeted instructive documents and white pape. . . | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
310927 | Evolution of Developmental Gene Pathways | The staggering diversity of the living world is a testament to the amount of variation available to the agency of natural selection. While it has been assumed that variation is entirely uniform and unbiased, recent work has challenged this notion. Evolutionary developmental biology seeks to understand the biases on variation imposed by developmental processes and their distinction from selective constraints. Metazoan development is best described by developmental gene pathways which are composed of transcription factors, signaling molecules, and terminal differentiation genes. A systematic comparison of such pathways across species would reveal the patterns of conservation and divergence; however this has not yet been achieved. In the EvoDevoPaths project we will develop a new approach to unravel pathways using both single-cell and tissue-specific transcriptomics. Our aim is to elucidate the evolution of developmental gene pathways using intricate embryology in the nematode phylum, a single-cell transcriptomic method we have developed, and sophisticated computational approaches for pathway comparisons. We will ask how variation is distributed across the specification and differentiation modules of a pathway using the nematode endoderm pathway as a model system. We further propose that the evolutionary change in the tissue specification pathways of early cell lineages is constrained by the properties of cell specification pathways. To test this hypothesis we will, for the first time, determine early developmental cell lineages from single cell transcriptomic data. Finally, we will attempt to unify the molecular signatures of conserved stages in disparate phyla under a framework in which they can be systematically compared. This research collectively represents the first time that developmental gene pathways are examined in an unbiased manner contributing to a theory of molecular variation that explains the evolutionary processes that underlie phenotypic novelty. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
174269 | Delivering services on behalf of h2020 for enhancing the innovation management capacity of smes by the enterprise europe network in flanders | This proposal aims at continuing the services of EEN in Flanders with regard to the key account management for the SME instrument under the H2020 programme as entrusted by the European Commission to the Enterprise Europe network. It also concerns the additional support services that EEN will deliver in Flanders with regard to the enhancement of the innovation management capacities of SMEs as decided in the H2020 programme. The present proposal describes how the Flemish VEBIN consortium - being selected for delivering the EEN services in Flanders -will deliver the services concerned in their region in 2015 and 2016, how these will be coordinated with the H2020 NCP for SMES in Flanders, how the services will be embedded in the regional innovation support system to the benefit of Flemish companies, how the consortrium will manage the services and how feedback will be organised in order to ensure a high quality service provision and an added European value, while respecting the principles of additionality. It particularly reflects on the signposting of clients among all relevant support stakeholders and to the efficient use of resources and tools. It also confirms the consortium's willingness to cooperate whenever requested by EAME or the Commission to share best practices among the participating EEN consortia and to give feedback on the implementation of the services in the region of Flanders (Belgium). | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02727 | Mapping Mechanical Force Propagation through Biomolecular Complexes | Here we employ single-molecule force spectroscopy with an atomic force microscope (AFM) and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations to reveal force propagation pathways through a mechanically ultrastable multidomain cellulosome protein complex. We demonstrate a new combination of network-based correlation analysis supported by AFM directional pulling experiments, which allowed us to visualize stiff paths through the protein complex along which force is transmitted. The results implicate specific force-propagation routes nonparallel to the pulling axis that are advantageous for achieving high dissociation forces. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654918.003.0008 | Turning Citizens into Soldiers: Baltic Paramilitary Movements after the Great War | In this chapter, Tomas Balkelis compares different paramilitary movements in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia and their pivotal importance in building these three newly independent nation-states. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W2030662856 | Core-modified porphyrin based assemblies | Abstract Core-modified porphyrins, resulting from the replacement of one or two pyrrolic nitrogens with other hetero atoms such as O, S, Se, and Te possess very interesting and distinct properties compared to tetrapyrrolic porphyrins. Specially, the singlet state energy levels can be fine tuned with suitable modification of porphyrin core by substituting pyrrolic “N” with hetero atoms such as “O” and “S”. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of various core-modified porphyrin building blocks containing one, two, three and four functional groups by following various synthetic methodologies developed in the past decade and the use of these core-modified porphyrin building blocks in the construction of several covalently and non-covalently linked hetero porphyrin dyads, triads, tetrads and pentads containing one or more different types of porphyrin sub-units. The photophysical studies are also described to show the possibility of singlet–singlet energy transfer from one porphyrin sub-unit to another in these hetero porphyrin arrays. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2887312935 | Türkiye de İktisat Politikasında Kurumsal Değişim ve Politika Koordinasyonu | Aim of this study is to investigate instiutional change of economic policies and to examine whether policies are well coordinated or not for the 1980-2016 period of Turkey. The coordination between economic policies may succeed in through trust, coordination and complementarity between institutions. Turkish economy transformed planned economy to free market system and institutional structure has changed dramatically in that period. Moreover in that period Turkey had exposed to several structural changes and economic crises too. The analysis can be significant when the suitable methods are used for these datas. This is the main reason why non linearity is tested by Harvey, Leybourne and Xiao (2008) and results supports that series are nonlinear. Fourier ADF unit root test is used nonlinear variables and Kapetanios, Shin and Snell (2003) cointegration test is applied for to analyze long run relations between variables. The empirical findings support that there is no relationship between monetary and fiscal policy variables. Secondly, Arby and Hanif (2010) methodology is used for calculating a coordination coefficient for Turkey. The low coordination coefficient supports that coordination institutions has not worked efficiently. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W2506664016 | Effects of magnetic ripple on 3D equilibrium and alpha particle confinement in the European DEMO | An assessment of alpha particle confinement is performed in the European DEMO reference design. 3D MHD equilibria with nested flux-surfaces and single magnetic axis are obtained with the VMEC free-boundary code, thereby including the plasma response to the magnetic ripple created by the finite number of TF coils. Populations of fusion alphas that are consistent with the equilibrium profiles are evolved until slowing-down with the VENUS-LEVIS orbit code in the guiding-centre approximation. Fast ion losses through the last-closed flux-surface are numerically evaluated with two ripple models: (1) using the 3D equilibrium and (2) algebraically adding the non-axisymmetric ripple perturbation to the 2D equilibrium. By virtue of the small ripple field and its non-resonant nature, both models quantitatively agree. Differences are however noted in the toroidal location of particles losses on the last-closed flux-surface, which in the first case is 3D and in the second not. Superbanana transport, i.e. ripple-well trapping and separatrix crossing, is expected to be the dominant loss mechanism, the strongest effect on alphas being between 100â200 KeV. Above this, stochastic ripple diffusion is responsible for a rather weak loss rate, as the stochastisation threshold is observed numerically to be higher than analytic estimates. The level of ripple in the current 18 TF coil design of the European DEMO is not found to be detrimental to fusion alpha confinement. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
EP 2004005126 W | PROCESS FOR THE CATALYTIC POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINS, A REACTOR SYSTEM AND ITS USE IN THE SAME PROCESS | The invention relates to a process for the catalytic polymerization of olefins, wherein olefins are contacted with a particulate catalyst in a fluidized bed and in a moving bed such that the residence time in the fluidized bed and the residence time in the moving bed are independently controlled, to a reactor system comprising a fluidized bed reactor provided with a reactant inlet, a product outlet and means for maintaining a fluidized bed in the fluidized bed reactor and with a moving bed reactor provided with an inlet directly connected to the fluidized bed reactor and an outlet connected to the fluidized bed reactor such that the residence time in the fluidized bed reactor and the residence in the moving bed reactor are independently controlled, and to its use for the catalytic polymerization of olefins. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1002/pssb.201451424 | Electronic properties of MoS<inf>2</inf>/h-BN heterostructures: Impact of dopants and impurities | We report density functional theory calculations of the electronic properties of doped heterostructures of monolayer molybdenum disulphide and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Extending on a recent study, we investigate the effect of doping the h-BN layer on the electronic structure of the MoS2 subsystem by a number of impurites. We consider the intrinsic n-type dopants S and Mo, the p-type dopant Mg, and interstitial K and Mn atoms. Magnesium and molybdenum substitutional impurities induce tails of occupied defect states into the band gap of the compound that reach up to the conduction band minimum of MoS2. This suggests easy charge transfer between the layers in these cases. Additionally, the d-electrons in the studied transition metal impurities induce localized magnetic momenta into the MoS2 subsystem, which might be exploited in spintronics applications. Our results contribute to the understanding of the interaction of MoS2 in vertical heterostructures with nearby impurities and offer insights into possible origins of intrinsic doping of experimental samples of MoS2. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W1527707824 | Evaluating Palliative Care Needs in Middle Eastern Countries | Cancer incidence in Middle Eastern countries, most categorized as low- and middle-income, is predicted to double in the next 10 years, greater than in any other part of the world. While progress has been made in cancer diagnosis/treatment, much remains to be done to improve palliative care for the majority of patients with cancer who present with advanced disease.To determine knowledge, beliefs, barriers, and resources regarding palliative care services in Middle Eastern countries and use findings to inform future educational and training activities.Descriptive survey.Fifteen Middle Eastern countries; convenience sample of 776 nurses (44.3%), physicians (38.3%) and psychosocial, academic, and other health care professionals (17.4%) employed in varied settings.Palliative care needs assessment.Improved pain management services are key facilitators. Top barriers include lack of designated palliative care beds/services, community awareness, staff training, access to hospice services, and personnel/time. The nonexistence of functioning home-based and hospice services leaves families/providers unable to honor patient wishes. Respondents were least satisfied with discussions around advance directives and wish to learn more about palliative care focusing on communication techniques. Populations requiring special consideration comprise: patients with ethnic diversity, language barriers, and low literacy; pediatric and young adults; and the elderly.The majority of Middle Eastern patients with cancer are treated in outlying regions; the community is pivotal and must be incorporated into future plans for developing palliative care services. Promoting palliative care education and certification for physicians and nurses is crucial; home-based and hospice services must be sustained. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W4398727699 | Replication Data for: Efeitos da pandemia sobre o abandono escolar no Espírito Santo | Script para o software R e dataset | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-01198-7_9 | Can Engineering Principles Help Us Understand Nervous System Robustness | Nervous systems are formidably complex networks of nonlinear interacting components that self organise and continually adapt to enable flexible behaviour. Robust and reliable function is therefore non-trivial to achieve and requires a number of dynamic mechanisms and design principles that are the subject of current research in neuroscience. A striking feature of these principles is that they resemble engineering solutions, albeit at a greater level of complexity and layered organisation than any artificial system. I will draw on these observations to argue that biological robustness in the nervous system remains a deep scientific puzzle, but not one that demands radically new concepts. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1364/OL.42.002539 | All Optical Flip Flops Based On Dynamic Brillouin Gratings In Fibers | A method to generate an all-optical flip-flop is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on dynamic Brillouin gratings (DBGs) in polarization maintaining fibers. In a fiber with sufficiently uniform birefringence, this flip-flop can provide extremely long storage times and ultra-wide bandwidth. The experimental results demonstrate an all-optical flip-flop operation using phase-modulated pulses of 300 ps and a 1 m long DBG. This has led to a time-bandwidth product of ∼30, being in this proof-of-concept setup mainly limited by the relatively low bandwidth of the used pulses and the short fiber length. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1142/S0218271819440012 | Love In Extrema Ratio | The tidal deformability of a self-gravitating object leaves an imprint on the gravitational-wave signal of an inspiral which is paramount to measure the internal structure of the binary components. . . . | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1097/CCO.0000000000000016 | Putting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and other DNA repair inhibitors into clinical practice | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and other DNA repair inhibitors are currently tested in numerous clinical trials, with variable success. Inhibitors are used in monotherapy, for example, PARP inhibitors in BRCA mutated cancers, or more widely in combination treatments. DNA repair inhibitors have, as chemotherapy, great potential for long-term disease control, or potentially even cures. However, the design of clinical trials using DNA repair inhibitors is intricate, as these inhibitors may also potentiate normal tissue toxicity without improving overall disease control. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings of mechanism of action of PARP inhibitors and other DNA repair inhibitors are presented, and how the underlying genetic background and interplay between DNA repair pathways influence the choice of tumour location and combination strategies. The hallmark of individualized cancer therapy is to be able to genetically distinguish the responding subclass of cancer patients, and it is widely used when targeting oncogenes. The PARP inhibitors in BRCA mutated cancers also demonstrate that this approach is possible in a synthetic lethal context. SUMMARY: There is strong proof-of-concept for DNA repair inhibitors being a useful anticancer strategy in well designed clinical trials. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1111/acel.12101 | The general control nonderepressible-2 kinase mediates stress response and longevity induced by target of rapamycin inactivation in Caenorhabditis elegans | The general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase is a nutrient-sensing pathway that responds to amino acids deficiency and induces a genetic program to effectively maintain cellular homeostasis. Here we established the conserved role of Caenorhabditis elegans GCN-2 under amino acid limitation as a translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) kinase. Using a combination of genetic and molecular approaches, we showed that GCN-2 kinase activity plays a central role in survival under nutrient stress and mediates lifespan extension conferred by dietary restriction (DR) or inhibition of the major nutrient-sensing pathway, the target of rapamycin (TOR). We also demonstrated that the GCN-2 and TOR signaling pathways converge on the PHA-4/FoxA transcription factor and its downstream target genes to ensure survival of the whole organism under a multitude of stress conditions, such as nutrient scarcity or environmental stresses. This is one step forward in the understanding of evolutionary conserved mechanisms that confer longevity and healthspan. Aging Cell published by the Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. . | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1016/j.pbi.2015.08.009 | Differential growth regulation in plants-the acid growth balloon theory | 'To grow or not to grow' is a central question in developmental biology and is nowadays tackled wonderfully by cell-biological approaches in various species. The rigid plant cell wall is a neat evolutionary invention for sessile organisms, which require form stability in the face of an ever-changing natural environment. However, this cellular packaging places special constrains on mechanisms that guide cellular growth. Considering the largely non-reversible, man-made environmental changes and our dependency on plant products, further insights into plant-specific growth regulation are highly desirable. Here we provide our personal, current view on cellular growth regulation in plants, highlighting the mutual importance of extra- and intracellular processes. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
226172 | Modern Approaches to Temperature Reconstructions in polar Ice Cores | The recent anthropogenic global warming makes a detailed knowledge of variations in the Earth climate system and of the coupling processes between climate and biogeochemical cycles of pressing importance. Studies of climate changes in the past represent a vital part of climate change research which is essential to assess the current warming against the background of natural climate variability. Due to strong limitations in direct observations, climate reconstructions for the past can only be achieved using natural climate archives. The paleoclimatic archive in ice cores provides not only information on climate variability over many thousands of years in high resolution but also on greenhouse gases, aerosol concentrations and more. Crucial questions on climate variability on interannual to orbital time scales and on the coupling processes and teleconnections in the climate system remain still open. To answer these questions novel climate parameters on polar ice cores are needed that go beyond previous studies in terms of temporal resolution, spatial coverage as well as quantitative representativeness. This proposal intends to develop such methods based on latest advances in analytical techniques and to apply them to polar ice cores. The common theme of the new approaches within MATRICs is the reconstruction of new, quantitative temperature information from different regions of the Earth all on the same core avoiding crucial crossdating issues. This comprises (i) continuous quantitative reconstructions of local temperature changes on polar ice sheets in seasonal resolution using new approaches, (ii) estimates of climate changes in continental, not permanently ice covered regions based on concurrent changes in the methane cycle and (iii) a new physical ice core gas thermometer for mean global ocean temperature. Successful implementation of the studies in MATRICs will make a significant contribution to maintain the world leading position of European ice core science. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1039/C5NR03294F | Graphene Porphyrin Single Molecule Transistors | We demonstrate a robust graphene-molecule-graphene transistor architecture. We observe remarkably reproducible single electron charging, which we attribute to insensitivity of the molecular junction to the atomic configuration of the graphene electrodes. The stability of the graphene electrodes allow for high-bias transport spectroscopy and the observation of multiple redox states at room-temperature. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
DE 202019004016 U | Konstruktion einer mobilen und vollvariablen Fallscheiben-Schießanlage für die Ausübung von Wettkämpfen und Trainings der in der Sportordnung vom Bund Deutscher Sportschützen 1975 e.V. unter K5 und L11 definierten Wettkampfdisziplinen | Fallscheiben-Schießanlagen zur Ausübung von Wettkämpfen und Trainings des Fallscheiben Schießens nach den in der Sportordnung des Bund Deutscher Sportschützen 1975 e.V. unter K5 und L11 definierten Regeln dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fallscheiben-Schießanlage über eine Variabilität verfügt, die es ihr ermöglicht sämtliche unter K5 und L11 definierten Disziplinen des Fallscheiben Schießens unter Einhaltung des Regelwerkes zu bedienen. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1177/0956797612457952 | Common Dna Markers Can Account For More Than Half Of The Genetic Influence On Cognitive Abilities | For nearly a century, twin and adoption studies have yielded substantial estimates of heritability for cognitive abilities, although it has proved difficult for genomewide-association studies to identify the genetic variants that account for this heritability (i. e. , the missing-heritability problem). However, a new approach, genomewide complex-trait analysis (GCTA), forgoes the identification of individual variants to estimate the total heritability captured by common DNA markers on genotyping arrays. In the same sample of 3,154 pairs of 12-year-old twins, we directly compared twin-study heritability estimates for cognitive abilities (language, verbal, nonverbal, and general) with GCTA estimates captured by 1. 7 million DNA markers. We found that DNA markers tagged by the array accounted for . 66 of the estimated heritability, reaffirming that cognitive abilities are heritable. Larger sample sizes alone will be sufficient to identify many of the genetic variants that influence cognitive abilities. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1109/ISCAS.2016.7527393 | Beyond Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity In Memristor Crossbar Arrays | Memristors have emerged as promising, area-efficient, nano-scale devices for implementing models of synaptic plasticity in hybrid CMOS-memristor neuromorphic architectures. These architectures aim at reproducing the learning capabilities of biological networks by emulating the complex dynamics of biological neurons and synapses. However, to maximize the density of these elements in crossbar arrays, learning circuits have often been limited to the implementation of simple spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) mechanisms. We propose novel hybrid CMOS-memristor circuits that reproduce more effective and realistic plasticity rules which depend on the timing of the pre-synaptic input spike and on the state of the post-synaptic neuron, and which allow the integration of dense crossbar memristor arrays. To implement these plasticity rules in memristor crossbar arrays, the circuits driving the memristors' post-synaptic terminals actively sense the activity on the pre-synaptic terminals to apply the appropriate stimulation waveforms across the memristors. We illustrate the advantages of this scheme by using it to implement a spike-based perceptron plasticity r ule. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
171368 | Carbon nanotube quantum circuits | The aim of this proposal is to use spin qubits defined in carbon nanotube quantum dots to demonstrate measurement-based entanglement in an all-electrical and scalable solid-state architecture. The project makes use of spin-orbit interaction to drive spin rotations in the carbon nanotube host system and hyperfine interaction to store quantum information in the nuclear spin states. The proposal builds on techniques developed by the principal investigator for fast and non-invasive read-out of the electron spin qubits using radio-frequency reflectometry and spin-to-charge conversion.
Any quantum computer requires entanglement. One route to achieve entanglement between electron spin qubits in quantum dots is to use the direct interaction of neighbouring qubits due to their electron wavefunction overlap. This approach, however, becomes rapidly impractical for any large scale quantum processor, as distant qubits can only be entangled through the use of qubits in between. Here I propose an alternative strategy which makes use of an intriguing quantum mechanical effect by which two spatially separated spin qubits coupled to a single electrical resonator become entangled if a measurement cannot tell them apart.
The quantum information encoded in the entangled electron spin qubits will be transferred to carbon-13 nuclear spins which are used as a quantum memory with coherence times that exceed seconds. Entanglement with further qubits then proceeds again via projective measurements of the electron spin qubits without risk of losing the existing entanglement. When entanglement of the electron spin qubits is heralded – which might take several attempts – the quantum information is transferred again to the nuclear spin states. This allows for the coupling of large numbers of physically separated qubits, building up so-called graph or cluster states in an all-electrical and scalable solid-state architecture. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.2337/db14-0864 | Manganese-mediated MRI signals correlate with functional β-Cell mass during diabetes progression | Diabetes diagnostic therapy and research would strongly benefit from noninvasive accurate imaging of the functional β-cells in the pancreas. Here, we developed an analysis of functional β-cell mass (BCM) by measuring manganese (Mn2+) uptake kinetics into glucose-stimulated β-cells by T1-weighted in vivo Mn2+-mediated MRI (MnMRI) in C57Bl/6J mice. Weekly MRI analysis during the diabetes progression in mice fed a high-fat/highsucrose diet (HFD) showed increased Mn2+-signals in the pancreas of the HFD-fed mice during the compensation phase, when glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were improved and BCM was increased compared with normal diet-fed mice. The increased signal was only transient; from the 4th week on, MRI signals decreased significantly in the HFD group, and the reduced MRI signal in HFD mice persisted over the whole 12-week experimental period, which again correlated with both impaired glucose tolerance and GSIS, although BCM remained unchanged. Rapid and significantly decreased MRI signals were confirmed in diabetic mice after streptozotocin (STZ) injection. No long- Term effects of Mn2+ on glucose tolerance were observed. Our optimized MnMRI protocol fulfills the requirements of noninvasive MRI analysis and detects already small changes in the functional BCM. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1556592143 | ANALISIS MODEL KETERWAKILAN POLITIK ANGGOTA DPD RI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH PERIODE 2009-2014 (STUDI TENTANG FUNGSI, TUGAS DAN WEWENANGNYA SEBAGAI REPRESENTASI KEPENTINGAN DAERAH) | DPD presence raising hopes that the interests of the communities in the area and the problems faced in the area can be raised and fought at the national level. With the DPD, the public policies at both the national and local levels, is no longer expected to be harmful and even siding with the regional interests and the interests of Folk. DPD is required to perform a balancing power (checks and balances) due to the characteristics of DPD as a representative body composed of independent members, regardless of party politics, and elected directly by the people in the region. Therefore, the Council is also required to carry the aspirations of the voters in his district. To realize the legitimation of DPD and can function effectively as a representative of the area then it is necessary to strengthen the formulation of laws governing Council at the central position, that the amended Constitution. While relating the functions and positions needed to be strengthened DPD substantial and profound changes that DPD understand, understand and be able to apply the functions, duties and power, so the Council in the future to run more effectively. Model of political representation which is run by members of the DPD becomes important to be analyzed in order to know what kind of model is compatible with the DPD of Central Java Province as the representation of regional interests. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W2070007660 | Subcortical contributions to effective connectivity in brain networks supporting imitation | Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated effective connectivity in brain networks supporting imitation. Despite extensive reports of regional functional specialization underlying action perception, action execution and imitation, our understanding of the potential contribution of subcortical sites is limited, as is our knowledge of how regions displaying functional specialization interact with each other on a system level. While in the scanner, participants performed a simple imitation paradigm with three conditions: Observe trials, in which participants passively viewed a human actor executing a sequence of four finger presses on a keypad; Imitate trials, in which participants imitated the actor's finger presses on a keyboard; and Execute trials, in which participants also executed finger presses but did so based on visuospatial cues in the absence of the actor's hand. Relative to the Execute condition, Imitate trials evoked significantly more activity in superior and inferior parietal lobules (SPL, IPL), posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and in a ventral aspect of dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis, a means of assessing effective connectivity, revealed significant interactions with regions of cerebellar lobule VII from seeds both in the right pSTS and right SPL, such that activity in these sites was more highly correlated during imitation. A similar interaction was found between right pSTS and left IPL. These results clarify the role of cortical regions supporting action observation, action execution and imitation, and highlight the role the cerebellum may play in facilitating both motor and nonmotor aspects of imitation. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1128/JVI.01942-15 | Chemical Cross Linking Stabilizes Native Like Hiv 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer Antigens | ABSTRACT Major neutralizing antibody immune evasion strategies of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer include conformational and structural instability. Stabilized soluble trimers such as BG505 SOSIP. 664 mimic the structure of virion-associated Env but nevertheless sample different conformational states. Here we demonstrate that treating BG505 SOSIP. 664 trimers with glutaraldehyde or a heterobifunctional cross-linker introduces additional stability with relatively modest effects on antigenicity. Thus, most broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) epitopes were preserved after cross-linking, whereas the binding of most weakly or nonneutralizing antibodies (non-NAb) was reduced. Cross-linking stabilized all Env conformers present within a mixed population, and individual conformers could be isolated by bNAb affinity chromatography. Both positive selection of cross-linked conformers using the quaternary epitope-specific bNAbs PGT145, PGT151, and 3BC315 and negative selection with non-NAbs against the V3 region enriched for trimer populations with improved antigenicity for bNAbs. Similar results were obtained using the clade B B41 SOSIP. 664 trimer. The cross-linking method may, therefore, be useful for countering the natural conformational heterogeneity of some HIV-1 Env proteins and, by extrapolation, also vaccine immunogens from other pathogens. IMPORTANCE The development of a vaccine to induce protective antibodies against HIV-1 is of primary public health importance. Recent advances in immunogen design have provided soluble recombinant envelope glycoprotein trimers with near-native morphology and antigenicity. However, these trimers are conformationally flexible, potentially reducing B-cell recognition of neutralizing antibody epitopes. Here we show that chemical cross-linking increases trimer stability, reducing binding of nonneutralizing antibodies while largely maintaining neutralizing antibody binding. Cross-linking followed by positive or negative antibody affinity selection of individual stable conformational variants further improved the antigenic and morphological characteristics of the trimers. This approach may be generally applicable to HIV-1 Env and also to other conformationally flexible pathogen antigens. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5627856 | Low Power Signal Processing Electronics For Wearable Medical Devices | Custom designed microchips, known as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), offer the lowest possible power consumption electronics. However, this comes at the cost of a longer, more complex and more costly design process compared to one using generic, off-the-shelf components. Nevertheless, their use is essential in future truly wearable medical devices that must operate for long periods of time from physically small, energy limited batteries. This presentation will demonstrate the state-of-the-art in ASIC technology for providing online signal processing for use in these wearable medical devices. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
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