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10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00833 | Aversive learning and trait aggression influence retaliatory behavior | In two experiments (n = 35, n = 34), we used a modified fear-conditioning paradigm to investigate the role of aversive learning in retaliatory behavior in social context. Participants first completed an initial aversive learning phase in which the pairing of a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS; i. e. , neutral face) with a naturally aversive unconditioned stimulus (US; electric shock) was learned. Then they were given an opportunity to interact (i. e. , administer 0-2 shocks) with the same faces again, during a Test phase. In Experiment 2, we used the same paradigm with the addition of online trial-by-trial ratings (e. g. , US expectancy and anger) to examine the role of aversive learning, anger, and the learned expectancy of receiving punishment more closely. Our results indicate that learned aversions influenced future retaliation in a social context. In both experiments, participants showed largest skin conductance responses (SCRs) to the faces paired with one or two shocks, demonstrating successful aversive learning. Importantly, participants administered more shocks to the faces paired with the most number of shocks when the opportunity was given during test. Also, our results revealed that aggressive traits (Buss and Perry Aggression scale) were associated with retaliation only toward CSs associated with aversive experiences. These two experiments show that aggressive traits, when paired with aversive learning experiences enhance the likelihood to act anti-socially toward others. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.004 | Behavioral and Neural Indices of Metacognitive Sensitivity in Preverbal Infants | Humans adapt their behavior not only by observing the consequences of their actions but also by internally monitoring their performance. This capacity, termed metacognitive sensitivity [1, 2], has traditionally been denied to young children because they have poor capacities in verbally reporting their own mental states [3–5]. Yet, these observations might reflect children's limited capacities for explicit self-reports, rather than limitations in metacognition per se. Indeed, metacognitive sensitivity has been shown to reflect simple computational mechanisms [1, 6–8], and can be found in various non-verbal species [7–10]. Thus, it might be that this faculty is present early in development, although it would be discernible through implicit behaviors and neural indices rather than explicit self-reports. Here, by relying on such non-verbal indices, we show that 12- and 18-month-old infants internally monitor the accuracy of their own decisions. At the behavioral level, infants showed increased persistence in their initial choice after making a correct as compared to an incorrect response, evidencing an appropriate evaluation of decision confidence. Moreover, infants were able to use decision confidence adaptively to either confirm their initial choice or change their mind. At the neural level, we found that a well-established electrophysiological signature of error monitoring in adults, the error-related negativity, is similarly elicited when infants make an incorrect choice. Hence, although explicit forms of metacognition mature later during childhood, infants already estimate decision confidence, monitor their errors, and use these metacognitive evaluations to regulate subsequent behavior. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1142/S0218202515500529 | Computation Of Measure Valued Solutions For The Incompressible Euler Equations | We combine the spectral (viscosity) method and ensemble averaging to propose an algorithm that computes admissible measure-valued solutions of the incompressible Euler equations. The resulting approximate young measures are proved to converge (with increasing numerical resolution) to a measure-valued solution. We present numerical experiments demonstrating the robustness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, as well as the appropriateness of measure-valued solutions as a solution framework for the Euler equations. Furthermore, we report an extensive computational study of the two-dimensional vortex sheet, which indicates that the computed measure-valued solution is non-atomic and implies possible non-uniqueness of weak solutions constructed by Delort. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms8728 | SUMOylation of synapsin Ia maintains synaptic vesicle availability and is reduced in an autism mutation | Synapsins are key components of the presynaptic neurotransmitter release machinery. Their main role is to cluster synaptic vesicles (SVs) to each other and anchor them to the actin cytoskeleton to establish the reserve vesicle pool, and then release them in response to appropriate membrane depolarization. Here we demonstrate that SUMOylation of synapsin Ia (SynIa) at K687 is necessary for SynIa function. Replacement of endogenous SynIa with a non-SUMOylatable mutant decreases the size of the releasable vesicle pool and impairs stimulated SV exocytosis. SUMOylation enhances SynIa association with SVs to promote the efficient reclustering of SynIa following neuronal stimulation and maintain its presynaptic localization. The A548T mutation in SynIa is strongly associated with autism and epilepsy and we show that it leads to defective SynIa SUMOylation. These results identify SUMOylation as a fundamental regulator of SynIa function and reveal a novel link between reduced SUMOylation of SynIa and neurological disorders. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
interreg_1156 | Enhancing Mediterranean Initiatives Leading SMEs to Innovation in building Energy efficiency technologies | EMILIE will strenghten SMEs innovation capacities in the field of energy efficiency in tertiary sector buildings, identifing innovative technologies and know-how extending MED SMEs market positions and leveraging private investments. The project finds its roots in the need to overcome barriers and gaps detected by MARIE and ELIHMED startegic projects in the field of supporting innovation in MED SMEs. EMILIE will: - Support concretely SMEs innovation strengthening the existing transnational cluster network and widening services and facilities, developing a self-sustaining system based on a fruitful cooperation between research centers, bodies supporting SMEs and regional administrations. - Exploit the existing capitalization process started by strategic MED projects and developing it through a series of targeted initiatives that will contribute to improve knowledge management and strengthen product and process innovation in the EE sector. - Match bottom-up with top-down approach, involving directly SMEs, clusters and public administrations both in the project activities (WP5) and as -external non partners'. This will create conditions for the involvement of new private actors and for creating Public-Private Partnerships to leverage investments in the development of innovative and competitive technologies. In particular EMILIE will carry out: an assessment on the consumption in the tertiary sector buildings in the involved regions and a worldwide technology road mapping, selecting promising technologies/products (WP3) and testing them in pilot plants (WP 4). EMILIE will also organize exchange of experiences, visits and mutual learning with other projects clusters/intermediary bodies. By means of targeted workshops it will provide SMEs with professional advice on introducing these technologies in their production and support technology transfer bodies and public administrations in the definition of effective green public procurement procedures. The common model will be subsequently adapted to other regional and national contexts and will be easily replicated in other MED regions, contributing to the growth, competitiveness and employment in the MED area. To achieve transferability and replicability of project results a strong communication campaign has been planned, including transnational and local awareness raising initiatives, exploiting partners memberships in institutional and professional networks and using innovative tools as the web platform. Finally for achieving the long term exploitability of the cluster network and the highest diffusion as possible of the project results cooperation with other EU projects and programmes will be implemented (WP 5). While targeted workshops and pilot sites study visits will guarantee the involvement of new MED clusters and a proactive role of target groups and stakeholders, specific meetings among MED projects coordinators and a final workshop in Brussels will guarantee capitalization to a wider level. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-4939-8663-7_7 | Time Chip A Method To Determine Long Term Locus Specific Nucleosome Inheritance | Understanding chromatin dynamics is essential to define the contribution of chromatin to heritable gene silencing and the long-term maintenance of gene expression. Here we present a detailed protocol for time-ChIP, a novel method to measure histone turnover at high resolution across long timescales. This method is based on the SNAP-tag, a self-labeling enzyme that can be pulse labeled with small molecules in cells. Upon pulse biotinylation of a cohort of SNAP-tagged histones we can determine their abundance and fate across a chase period using a biotin-specific chromatin pulldown followed by DNA sequencing or quantitative PCR. This method is unique in its ability to trace the long-term fate of a chromatin bound histone pool, genome wide. In addition to a step by step protocol, we outline advantages and limitations of the method in relation to other existing techniques. time-ChIP can define regions of high and low histone turnover and identify the location of pools of long lived histones. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.021101 | Searching for the QCD Axion with Gravitational Microlensing | The phase transition responsible for axion dark matter (DM) production can create large amplitude isocurvature perturbations, which collapse into dense objects known as axion miniclusters. We use microlensing data from the EROS survey and from recent observations with the Subaru Hyper Suprime Cam to place constraints on the minicluster scenario. We compute the microlensing event rate for miniclusters, treating them as spatially extended objects. Using the published bounds on the number of microlensing events, we bound the fraction of DM collapsed into miniclusters fMC. For an axion with temperature-dependent mass consistent with the QCD axion, we find fMC<0. 083(ma/100 μeV)0. 12, which represents the first observational constraint on the minicluster fraction. We forecast that a high-efficiency observation of around ten nights with Subaru would be sufficient to constrain fMC 0. 004 over the entire QCD axion mass range. We make various approximations to derive these constraints, and dedicated analyses by the observing teams of EROS and Subaru are necessary to confirm our results. If accurate theoretical predictions for fMC can be made in the future, then microlensing can be used to exclude or discover the QCD axion. Further details of our computations are presented in a companion paper [M. Fairbairn, D. J. E. Marsh, J. Quevillon, and S. Rozier (to be published)]. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1111/1365-2664.12714 | Does Wildlife Resource Selection Accurately Inform Corridor Conservation | Summary
Evaluating landscape connectivity and identifying and protecting corridors for animal movement have become central challenges in applied ecology and conservation. Currently, resource selection analyses are widely used to focus corridor planning where animal movement is predicted to occur. An animal's behavioural state (e. g. foraging, dispersing) is a significant determinant of resource selection patterns, yet has largely been ignored in connectivity assessments. We review 16 years of connectivity studies employing resource selection analysis to evaluate how researchers have incorporated animal behaviour into corridor planning, and highlight promising new approaches for identifying wildlife corridors. To illustrate the importance of behavioural information in such analyses, we present an empirical case study to test behaviour-specific predictions of connectivity with long-distance dispersal movements of African wild dogs Lycaon pictus. We conclude by recommending strategies for developing more realistic connectivity models for future conservation efforts. Our review indicates that most connectivity studies conflate resource selection with connectivity requirements, which may result in misleading estimates of landscape resistance, and lack validation of proposed connectivity models with movement data. Our case study shows that including only directed movement behaviour when measuring resource selection reveals markedly different, and more accurate, connectivity estimates than a model measuring resource selection independent of behavioural state. Synthesis and applications. Our results, using African wild dogs as a case study, suggest that resource selection analyses that fail to consider an animal's behavioural state may be insufficient in targeting movement pathways and corridors for protection. This failure may result in misidentification of wildlife corridors and misallocation of limited conservation resources. Our findings underscore the need for considering patterns of animal movement in appropriate behavioural contexts to ensure the effective application of resource selection analyses for corridor planning. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W2269934158 | Knowledge-light adaptation approaches in case-based reasoning for radiotherapy treatment planning | Radiotherapy treatment planning aims at delivering a sufficient radiation dose to cancerous tumour cells while sparing healthy organs in the tumour-surrounding area. It is a time-consuming trial-and-error process that requires the expertise of a group of medical experts including oncologists and medical physicists and can take from 2 to 3h to a few days. Our objective is to improve the performance of our previously built case-based reasoning (CBR) system for brain tumour radiotherapy treatment planning. In this system, a treatment plan for a new patient is retrieved from a case base containing patient cases treated in the past and their treatment plans. However, this system does not perform any adaptation, which is needed to account for any difference between the new and retrieved cases. Generally, the adaptation phase is considered to be intrinsically knowledge-intensive and domain-dependent. Therefore, an adaptation often requires a large amount of domain-specific knowledge, which can be difficult to acquire and often is not readily available. In this study, we investigate approaches to adaptation that do not require much domain knowledge, referred to as knowledge-light adaptation.We developed two adaptation approaches: adaptation based on machine-learning tools and adaptation-guided retrieval. They were used to adapt the beam number and beam angles suggested in the retrieved case. Two machine-learning tools, neural networks and naive Bayes classifier, were used in the adaptation to learn how the difference in attribute values between the retrieved and new cases affects the output of these two cases. The adaptation-guided retrieval takes into consideration not only the similarity between the new and retrieved cases, but also how to adapt the retrieved case.The research was carried out in collaboration with medical physicists at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, UK. All experiments were performed using real-world brain cancer patient cases treated with three-dimensional (3D)-conformal radiotherapy. Neural networks-based adaptation improved the success rate of the CBR system with no adaptation by 12%. However, naive Bayes classifier did not improve the current retrieval results as it did not consider the interplay among attributes. The adaptation-guided retrieval of the case for beam number improved the success rate of the CBR system by 29%. However, it did not demonstrate good performance for the beam angle adaptation. Its success rate was 29% versus 39% when no adaptation was performed.The obtained empirical results demonstrate that the proposed adaptation methods improve the performance of the existing CBR system in recommending the number of beams to use. However, we also conclude that to be effective, the proposed adaptation of beam angles requires a large number of relevant cases in the case base. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1128/mBio.00092-15 | Following the fate of bacterial cells experiencing sudden chromosome loss | Chromosomal DNA is a constant source of information, essential for any given cell to respond and adapt to changing conditions. Here, we investigated the fate of exponentially growing bacterial cells experiencing a sudden and rapid loss of their entire chromosome. Utilizing Bacillus subtilis cells harboring an inducible copy of the endogenous toxin yqcG, which encodes an endonuclease, we induced the formation of a population of cells that lost their genetic information simultaneously. Surprisingly, these DNA-less cells, termed DLCs, did not lyse immediately and exhibited normal cellular morphology for a period of at least 5 h after DNA loss. This cellular integrity was manifested by their capacity to maintain an intact membrane and membrane potential and cell wall architecture similar to those of wild-type cells. Unlike growing cells that exhibit a dynamic profile of macromolecules, DLCs displayed steady protein and RNA reservoirs. Remarkably, following DLCs by time lapse microscopy revealed that they succeeded in synthesizing proteins, elongating, and dividing, apparently forming de novo Z rings at the midcell position. Taken together, the persistence of key cellular events in DLCs indicates that the information to carry out lengthy processes is harbored within the remaining molecular components. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
225553 | Global patterns of intraspecific variation in tree resilience to drought | Forests provide essential long-term ecosystem services, such as reducing carbon emission and biodiversity conservation, and consequently, are the focus of many conservation policies (i.e. Europe 2020 Strategy). Drought events associated with climate change reduce tree growth and prompt mortality episodes, impacting global and severely forest ecosystems. The ability of trees to resist and recover from drought (tree resilience) will be decisive to maintain the functioning of forest ecosystems. Measuring tree climate-growth relationship and resilience is thus key for predicting the effect of climate change. However, because different tree populations may have faced contrasting climatic conditions, the within-species response to climate change may differ geographically due to local adaptation. TreEsilience proposes using tree rings to investigate the role of local adaptation in determining intraspecific variation in tree resilience to drought. To date, such an intraspecific approach has never been pursued. In order to reach this ambitious goal, TreEsilience will use an interdisciplinary approach that combines dendrochronology, phylogenetic comparative methods and species distribution modelling, thus bringing tools from the spatial and evolutionary ecology to the study of forest management and conservation. The results will provide insights into novel strategies to improve forestry efficiency by identifying early signals of tree mortality, useful for forest practitioners, policy-makers and stakeholders in order to mitigate the detrimental effects of land degradation and desertification on human wellbeing due to climate change. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.92.035405 | In situ spectroscopy of intrinsic Bi<inf>2</inf>Te<inf>3</inf> topological insulator thin films and impact of extrinsic defects | Combined in situ x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy of molecular beam epitaxy grown Bi2Te3 on lattice mismatched substrates reveal high quality stoichiometric thin films with topological surface states without a contribution from the bulk bands at the Fermi energy. The absence of bulk states at the Fermi energy is achieved without counterdoping. We observe that the surface morphology and electronic band structure of Bi2Te3 are not affected by in vacuo storage and exposure to oxygen, whereas major changes are observed when exposed to ambient conditions. These films help define a pathway towards intrinsic topological devices. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1039/C5TA04362J | Quantitative Relation Between Photocatalytic Activity And Degree Of 001 Orientation For Anatase Tio2 Thin Films | We demonstrate a quantitative relation between exposed crystal surfaces and photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2. Thin films with controlled amount of 〈001〉 preferential orientation were prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering in Ar/O2 atmosphere with the partial O2 pressure as control parameter. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, from which the degree of preferential 〈001〉 orientation and exposed facets were determined by an extension of the March–Dollase model. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye shows that the photocatalytic reaction rate increases approximately with the square of the fraction of 〈001〉 oriented surfaces, with about eight times higher rate on the {001} surfaces, than on {101}, thus quantifying the effect of crystal facet abundancy on the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1002/emmm.201202231 | Combined mutation of Vhl and Trp53 causes renal cysts and tumours in mice | The combinations of genetic alterations that cooperate with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) mutation to cause clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain poorly understood. We show that the TP53 tumour suppressor gene is mutated in approximately 9% of human ccRCCs. Combined deletion of Vhl and Trp53 in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts causes proliferative dysregulation and high rates of aneuploidy. Deletion of these genes in the epithelium of the kidney induces the formation of simple cysts, atypical cysts and neoplasms, and deletion in the epithelia of the genital urinary tract leads to dysplasia and tumour formation. Kidney cysts display a reduced frequency of primary cilia and atypical cysts and neoplasms exhibit a pro-proliferative signature including activation of mTORC1 and high expression of Myc, mimicking several cellular and molecular alterations seen in human ccRCC and its precursor lesions. As the majority of ccRCC is associated with functional inactivation of VHL, our findings suggest that for a subset of ccRCC, loss of p53 function represents a critical event in tumour development. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1088/1367-2630/18/6/063005 | Assessing The Performance Of Quantum Repeaters For All Phase Insensitive Gaussian Bosonic Channels | One of the most sought-after goals in experimental quantum communication is the implementation of a quantum repeater. The performance of quantum repeaters can be assessed by comparing the attained rate with the quantum and private capacity of direct transmission, assisted by unlimited classical two-way communication. However, these quantities are hard to compute, motivating the search for upper bounds. Takeoka, Guha and Wilde found the squashed entanglement of a quantum channel to be an upper bound on both these capacities. In general it is still hard to find the exact value of the squashed entanglement of a quantum channel, but clever sub-optimal squashing channels allow one to upper bound this quantity, and thus also the corresponding capacities. Here, we exploit this idea to obtain bounds for any phase-insensitive Gaussian bosonic channel. This bound allows one to benchmark the implementation of quantum repeaters for a large class of channels used to model communication across fibers. In particular, our bound is applicable to the realistic scenario when there is a restriction on the mean photon number on the input. Furthermore, we show that the squashed entanglement of a channel is convex in the set of channels, and we use a connection between the squashed entanglement of a quantum channel and its entanglement assisted classical capacity. Building on this connection, we obtain the exact squashed entanglement and two-way assisted capacities of the d-dimensional erasure channel and bounds on the amplitude-damping channel and all qubit Pauli channels. In particular, our bound improves on the previous best known squashed entanglement upper bound of the depolarizing channel. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117929 | Structural variation of forest edges across Europe | Forest edges are interfaces between forest interiors and adjacent land cover types. They are important elements in the landscape with almost 20% of the global forest area located within 100 m of the edge. Edges are structurally different from forest interiors, which results in unique edge influences on microclimate, functioning and biodiversity. These edge influences have been studied for multiple decades, yet there is only limited information available on how forest edge structure varies at the continental scale, and which factors drive this potential structural diversity. Here we quantified the structural variation along 45 edge-to-interior transects situated along latitudinal, elevational and management gradients across Europe. We combined state-of-the-art terrestrial laser scanning and conventional forest inventory techniques to investigate how the forest edge structure (e. g. plant area index, stem density, canopy height and foliage height diversity) varies and which factors affect this forest edge structural variability. Macroclimate, management, distance to the forest edge and tree community composition all influenced the forest edge structural variability and interestingly we detected interactive effects of our predictors as well. We found more abrupt edge-to-interior gradients (i. e. steeper slopes) in the plant area index in regularly thinned forests. In addition, latitude, mean annual temperature and humidity all affected edge-to-interior gradients in stem density. We also detected a simultaneous impact of both humidity and management, and humidity and distance to the forest edge, on the canopy height and foliage height diversity. These results contribute to our understanding of how environmental conditions and management shape the forest edge structure. Our findings stress the need for site-specific recommendations on forest edge management instead of generalized recommendations as the macroclimate substantially influences the forest edge structure. Only then, the forest edge microclimate, functioning and biodiversity can be conserved at a local scale. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.032 | Paying Attention to the Cortical Layers | In this issue of Neuron, Nandy et al. (2017) reveal a number of important new insights into the neural mechanisms that are responsible for attentional selection. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00207 | Conotoxins: Chemistry and Biology | The venom of the marine predatory cone snails (genus Conus) has evolved for prey capture and defense, providing the basis for survival and rapid diversification of the now estimated 750+ species. A typical Conus venom contains hundreds to thousands of bioactive peptides known as conotoxins. These mostly disulfide-rich and well-structured peptides act on a wide range of targets such as ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, transporters, and enzymes. Conotoxins are of interest to neuroscientists as well as drug developers due to their exquisite potency and selectivity, not just against prey but also mammalian targets, thereby providing a rich source of molecular probes and therapeutic leads. The rise of integrated venomics has accelerated conotoxin discovery with now well over 10,000 conotoxin sequences published. However, their structural and pharmacological characterization lags considerably behind. In this review, we highlight the diversity of new conotoxins uncovered since 2014, their three-dimensional structures and folds, novel chemical approaches to their syntheses, and their value as pharmacological tools to unravel complex biology. Additionally, we discuss challenges and future directions for the field. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/nprot.2011.395 | Imaging protein activity in live embryos using fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensors | Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based molecular biosensors serve as important tools for studying protein activity in live cells and have been widely used for this purpose over the past decade. However, FRET biosensors are rarely used in the context of the live organism because of the inherent high cellular complexity and imaging challenges associated with the three-dimensional environment. Here we provide a protocol for using single-chain intramolecular FRET-based biosensors in early development. We provide a general protocol for FRET ratio imaging in embryos, including the data-acquisition conditions and the algorithm for ratio image generation. We then use the pRaichu RacFRET biosensor to exemplify the adaptation and optimization of a particular biosensor for use in live zebrafish embryos. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1080/07474949208836251 | First Passage Times For Perturbed Random Walks | Let v(t)t ≥ 0, be the first time a perturbed random walk crosses a general non-linear boundary. We provide limit theorems for the first passage times, the stopped perturbed random walk and the overshoot as t → ∞. In particular, we apply these results to the important case when the perturbed random walk is of the form , where is a random walk whose increments have positive, finite mean and g is positive, continuous and, possibly, has further smoothness properties. The traditional case considered in nonlinear renewal theory is when the summands have finite variance and g is twice continuously differentiable. We also prove some results concerning existence of moments and uniform integrability. A final section contains a number of examples. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
Q10591 | Collecte et évaluation exhaustives de l’exploitation du bâtiment dans des conditions extrêmes | Le projet porte sur la création d’un système de collecte de données librement extensible et son évaluation ultérieure. Une plate-forme matérielle de mesure et de collecte de données sur l’utilisation énergétique de la station scientifique tchèque en Antarctique sera créée, les données seront mesurées et ensuite évaluées. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.coviro.2015.12.001 | The battle for survival between viruses and their host plants | Evolution has equipped plants with defense mechanisms to counterattack virus infections. However, some viruses have acquired the capacity to escape these defense barriers. In their combats, plants use mechanisms such as antiviral RNA silencing that viruses fight against using silencing-repressors. Plants could also resist by mutating a host factor required by the virus to complete a particular step of its infectious cycle. Another successful mechanism of resistance is the hypersensitive response, where plants engineer R genes that recognize specifically their assailants. The recognition is followed by the triggering of a broad spectrum resistance. New understanding of such resistance mechanisms will probably helps to propose new means to enhance plant resistance against viruses. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.physe.2015.09.035 | Probing (topological) Floquet states through DC transport | We consider the differential conductance of a periodically driven system connected to infinite electrodes. We focus on the situation where the dissipation occurs predominantly in these electrodes. Using analytical arguments and a detailed numerical study we relate the differential conductances of such a system in two and three terminal geometries to the spectrum of quasi-energies of the Floquet operator. Moreover these differential conductances are found to provide an accurate probe of the existence of gaps in this quasi-energy spectrum, being quantized when topological edge states occur within these gaps. Our analysis opens the perspective to describe the intermediate time dynamics of driven mesoscopic conductors as topological Floquet filters. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1088/1751-8121/aad147 | Universality of the weak pushed-to-pulled transition in systems with repulsive interactions | We consider a d-dimensional gas in canonical equilibrium under pairwise screened Coulomb repulsion and external confinement, and subject to a volume constraint (hard walls). We show that its excess free energy displays a third-order singularity separating the pushed and pulled phases, irrespective of range of the pairwise interaction, dimension and details of the confining potential. The explicit expression of the excess free energy is universal and interpolates between the Coulomb (long-range) and the delta (zero-range) interaction. The order parameter of the transition - the electrostatic pressure generated by the surface excess charge - is determined by invoking a fundamental energy conservation argument. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
980214 | Finding the origin of the slow solar wind | The origins and release mechanisms of stellar winds are long-lasting open challenges in astrophysics. Stellar winds play a fundamental role in the long-term evolution of stars and the habitability of their orbiting planets. In the solar case, the wind is observed in at least two states, fast and slow winds, that differ in their bulk properties and composition, pointing to different coronal origins. A theoretical explanation for the slow wind must explain both its variable bulk properties and its peculiar composition. This includes the measured high charge states of minor ions, the abundance variation of Helium during the solar cycle and the high abundance of elements with low first ionisation potential (so called FIP effect) reaching four times the photospheric abundance. SLOW_SOURCE is a comprehensive research project that will use current and upcoming observations as well as completely novel models of the solar atmosphere to determine the origin of the slow wind. We will develop plasma transport models coupling major and all known important minor constituents along realistic coronal magnetic field lines. This model will be the first of its kind producing modelled observations (spectroscopy, imagery) and expected in situ signatures directly from the modelled minor constituents. Combined with data from space and ground-based observatories, our new multi-species, multi-temperature 3-dimensional modelling of coronal plasma will provide new ways to infer the properties of stellar winds and tools to study the fundamental transport and heating processes of stellar plasmas. Determining the enigmatic release mechanism(s) of the slow solar wind constitutes a key objective of the upcoming Parker Solar Probe mission that will obtain radically new observations right from the start of the project. The project (2019-2024) will also be an excellent preparation for the Solar Orbiter mission that should obtain its first data during the second half of the project (2022-2024). | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/779/1/012022 | Sqm2016 Theory Summary | This is an overview of the main theoretical developments presented at SQM2016 held in Berkeley, California (USA) in June 2015. | [
"Other"
]
|
10.1515/PZ.2010.004 | Routes And Wheeled Transport In Late 4Th Early 3Rd Millennium Funerary Customs Of The Jutland Peninsula Regional Evidence And European Context | De nombreux elements temoignent de l'importance ideologique des vehicules a roues et des animaux de trait dans une grande partie de l'Eurasie occidentale vers la fin du 4 e et au 3 e millenaire av. J. -C. L'integration de cet ensemble technologique dans les activites quotidiennes etant bien identifiee dans certaines regions, il est evident que cette nouvelle pratique a exerce une plus grande influence conceptuelle dans les communautes en question. En temoignent particulierement des contextes funeraires de l'Europe centrale et de la steppe pontique ou l'usage de vehicules a roues et d'animaux de trait represente un theme important. Cet article introduit un groupe de trouvailles de la peninsule du Jutland (Scandinavie meridionale) dans le debat sur le role de ces elements dans les rites funeraires de la fin du 4 e et du 3 e millenaire. Les dites "tombes a cairn" appartenant a la periode de 3100-2800 au J. -C. , et decouvertes dans la partie nord-ouest de la peninsule, sont supposees refleter les grandes tendances ideologiques relatives au transport sur roues qui se manifestent a travers les donnees de l'Europe centrale et de la steppe pontique. Cet article discute la morphologie, le contenu et le symbolisme des tombes a cairn, en partie a la lumiere des decouvertes contemporaines faites sur le continent. Puis, on y discute la situation spatiale des tombes, specialement leur alignement sur les voies de communication modernes, en mettant l'accent sur les tendances locales et regionales. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01726 | Sequence-Independent Cloning and Post-Translational Modification of Repetitive Protein Polymers through Sortase and Sfp-Mediated Enzymatic Ligation | Repetitive protein-based polymers are important for many applications in biotechnology and biomaterials development. Here we describe the sequential additive ligation of highly repetitive DNA sequences, their assembly into genes encoding protein-polymers with precisely tunable lengths and compositions, and their end-specific post-translational modification with organic dyes and fluorescent protein domains. Our new Golden Gate-based cloning approach relies on incorporation of only type IIS BsaI restriction enzyme recognition sites using PCR, which allowed us to install ybbR-peptide tags, Sortase c-tags, and cysteine residues onto either end of the repetitive gene polymers without leaving residual cloning scars. The assembled genes were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using inverse transition cycling (ITC). Characterization by cloud point spectrophotometry, and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with fluorescence detection confirmed successful phosphopantetheinyl transferase (Sfp)-mediated post-translational N-terminal labeling of the protein-polymers with a coenzyme A-647 dye (CoA-647) and simultaneous sortase-mediated C-terminal labeling with a GFP domain containing an N-terminal GG-motif in a one-pot reaction. In a further demonstration, we installed an N-terminal cysteine residue into an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) that was subsequently conjugated to a single chain poly(ethylene glycol)-maleimide (PEG-maleimide) synthetic polymer, noticeably shifting the ELP cloud point. The ability to straightforwardly assemble repetitive DNA sequences encoding ELPs of precisely tunable length and to post-translationally modify them specifically at the N- and C- termini provides a versatile platform for the design and production of multifunctional smart protein-polymeric materials. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
interreg_2917 | Network in Action to preserve and enhance cultural heritage and identity | Every day, the local administrators of the cross-border area face the real risk of closing museums/cultural sites, mainly smaller and peripheral ones. They know this means a loss of cultural roots and identity for their communities. Depopulation, stores and social services going out of business and the deterioration of historical and valuable buildings compromise the area’s extraordinary landscape. Local administrators must deal daily with people looking for work, not looking to lose or reinvent their jobs, including resident immigrants, because these people want to live where they recognise/discover their cultural identity. These two complex challenges may represent an opportunity for each another. The RACINE project tries to capitalise on many successful local experiences, by networking them and taking them as a method for cultural and socio-economic development policies, so that they will become factors of sustainable and intelligent growth. It puts in place innovative co-planning “Local pacts for the development of cultural identity ecosystems” by which museums/places of culture and the community share creative objectives, actions and resources to obtain mutual advantages based on cultural and geographical identity. It improves the accessibility to places of culture for the sake of inclusiveness and the removal of physical, cognitive and cultural disadvantages. It assigns new community functions and services to cultural sites, committed, in turn, to their communities for the mutual assumption of social responsibility. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1145/3293880.3294100 | A Verified Prover Based On Ordered Resolution | The superposition calculus, which underlies first-order theorem provers such as E, SPASS, and Vampire, combines ordered resolution and equality reasoning. As a step towards verifying modern provers, we specify, using Isabelle/HOL, a purely functional first-order ordered resolution prover and establish its soundness and refutational completeness. Methodologically, we apply stepwise refinement to obtain, from an abstract nondeterministic specification, a verified deterministic program, written in a subset of Isabelle/HOL from which we extract purely functional Standard ML code that constitutes a semidecision procedure for first-order logic. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
306652 | Exploring the Spin Physics at the Boundaries of Materials with Strong Spin-Orbit Interaction | I propose to investigate a new research frontier on spin physics at the boundaries (surfaces) of materials with strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI). Although the properties of these materials have been studied for more than half a century, researchers are just starting to grasp the richness of SOI phenomena that occur at them. SOI leads to surface and boundary states with unusually large spin splitting in simple heavy elements. It can also produce a nontrivial topology in band insulators that brings about metallic surface states with exotic spin textures that are protected by time reversal symmetry.
Despite their fundamental and technological interest, information on the nature of charge transport at such states is scarce, while spin transport remains unexplored. I plan to use our cutting-edge expertise on all-electrical lateral spin injection and detection methods to unravel the spin dynamics in them, providing a wealth of information that could not be otherwise obtained. A comprehensive set of objectives will include material integration with ferromagnets and insulators, and innovative devices and measurement protocols. My team will gather information on injection, accumulation, scattering and relaxation processes of spins in the surface and boundary states. Complementary experiments will focus on current-induced spin-torque on a contacting ferromagnet and will address the question of whether spin-split metallic surfaces can enable spin information processing when deposited onto semiconductors.
This is a highly challenging project, with a strong interdisciplinary nature across physical and material sciences that will open new avenues for the realization of exotic states of matter such as axions and Majorana fermions. While the research program is driven by the quest for fundamental understanding, new directions for applications could emerge from our basic science results. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2541012505 | Active suspension system of a 3 DOF quarter car using fuzzy logic control for ride comfort | Passenger ride comfort is considered to be of utmost importance in designing any suspension system. The primary objective of any suspension system in automobiles is to isolate the road disturbances experienced by the tyres from being transmitted to the passengers. ISO- 2631-1:1997(E) has provided certain guidelines to analyse ride comfort and also indicates the degree to which the vibration exposure will be acceptable. Hence active suspension systems are becoming crucial to improve ride quality and passenger comfort, in view of the established superiority over conventional systems. In this paper considering direction of vibrations acting on human body in the translational vertical direction of the coordinate system, bump analysis is carried out on a 3 DOF quarter car model. Since the system dynamics change with increase in the Degrees of freedom, fuzzy logic control is used to control active suspension of a 3-DOF quarter car model. The objective function of the fuzzy logic control has been defined to minimize the sprung mass acceleration and seat acceleration, and is evaluated by simulating the transient response to road perturbations. In this paper the study is extended to a quarter car (3-DOF) seat-suspension model instead of 2 DOF suspension systems, since the vibrations are transmitted to human body through broad contact area like buttocks when sitting. The performance parameters, chassis acceleration, seat acceleration, seat displacement and chassis displacements are analyzed and also the ride comfort levels are analyzed according to ISO-2631-1:1997(E). Results indicate more ride comfort to the occupants through the active suspension system with the proposed fuzzy controller rather than the passive suspension system. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.3982/ECTA10592 | On The Equivalence Of Bayesian And Dominant Strategy Implementation | We consider a standard social choice environment with linear utilities and independent, one-dimensional, private types. We prove that for any Bayesian incentive compatible mechanism there exists an equivalent dominant strategy incentive compatible mechanism that delivers the same interim expected utilities for all agents and the same ex ante expected social surplus. The short proof is based on an extension of an elegant result due to Gutmann, Kemperman, Reeds, and Shepp (1991). We also show that the equivalence between Bayesian and dominant strategy implementation generally breaks down when the main assumptions underlying the social choice model are relaxed or when the equivalence concept is strengthened to apply to interim expected allocations. | [
"Mathematics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1364/BOE.8.000298 | Posterior Rat Eye During Acute Intraocular Pressure Elevation Studied Using Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography | Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) operating at 840 nm with axial resolution of 3. 8 µm in tissue was used for investigating the posterior rat eye during an acute intraocular pressure (IOP) increase experiment. IOP was elevated in the eyes of anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats by cannulation of the anterior chamber. Three dimensional PS-OCT data sets were acquired at IOP levels between 14 mmHg and 105 mmHg. Maps of scleral birefringence, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) retardation and relative RNFL/retina reflectivity were generated in the peripapillary area and quantitatively analyzed. All investigated parameters showed a substantial correlation with IOP. In the low IOP range of 14-45 mmHg only scleral birefringence showed statistically significant correlation. The polarization changes observed in the PS-OCT imaging study presented in this work suggest that birefringence of the sclera may be a promising IOP-related parameter to investigate. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1016/j.soard.2018.03.003 | Mechanisms in bariatric surgery: Gut hormones, diabetes resolution, and weight loss | Gastric bypass surgery leads to profound changes in the secretion of gut hormones with effects on metabolism, appetite, and food intake. Here, we discuss their contributions to the improvement in glucose tolerance and the weight loss that results from the operations. We find that the improved glucose tolerance is due the following events: a negative energy balance and resulting weight loss, which improve first hepatic and later peripheral insulin sensitivity, in combination with increased postprandial insulin secretion elicited particularly by exaggerated glucagon-like peptide-1 responses. The weight loss is due to loss of appetite resulting in reduced energy intake, and we find it probable that this process is driven by exaggerated secretion of appetite-regulating gut hormones including, but probably not limited to, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide-YY. The increased secretion is due to an accelerated exposure to and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. This places the weight loss and the gut hormones in key positions with respect to the metabolic improvements after bypass surgery. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
Q4768808 | RISTOPIZZA CONTA MAX S.R.L. | NOSSA EMPRESA RISTOPIZZA CONTEMAX SEMPRE TRABALHOU NO FORNECIMENTO DE HAVERES E BEBIDAS. NOSSO RESTAURANTE LOCALIZADO À BEIRA-MAR DE SESTRI LEVANTE É CONHECIDO TANTO POR SUA LOCALIZAÇÃO COM UMA VISTA ÚNICA QUANTO COM A POSSIBILIDADE DE ENCONTRAR PARQUE EM QUALQUER ÉPOCA DO ANO TANTO PARA NOSSOS PRATOS FAMOSOS NOSSA COZINHA MULTIÉTNICA QUANTO COM A POSSIBILIDADE "TAMBÉM PARA DESFRUTAR DE UMA EXCELENTE PIZZA E QUEIJO FOCACCIA PARA OS CLIENTES QUE AMAM ESTES PRATOS TÍPICOS DA LIGÚRIA. NA VERDADE, SE UM CLIENTE É UM AMANTE DA COZINHA TRADICIONAL À BASE DE PEIXE DA LIGÚRIA DE NÓS CERTAMENTE TERÁ SATISFEITO SUAS NECESSIDADES. ESTE É UM DOS NOSSOS COMENTÁRIOS HABITUAIS: FICAMOS NESTA NOITE DE SÁBADO LOCAL, ONDE JÁ TÍNHAMOS CHAMADO PARA RESERVAR, O QUE EU RECOMENDO! (FOI TRANSBORDANDO) TOMAMOS 2 PIZZAS NORMAIS, 2 PIZZAS COM FARINHA DE ESPELTA, 1 PIZZA INTEGRAL E 2 PIZZAS PARA BEBÉS, 4 CERVEJAS E 3 REFRIGERANTES, CAFÉ. .. TUDO EM APENAS 83' PIZZA DELICIOSA E TEMPERADA | [
"Other"
]
|
W2548902305 | Fragilariopsis kerguelensis size variability from the Indian subtropical Southern Ocean over the last 42 000 years | Abstract In the open Southern Ocean (SO), both modern and past size changes of the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis appear to be strongly controlled by iron availability. Conversely, sea surface temperatures (SST) and sea ice seasonal dynamics take over in the seasonal sea-ice zone where iron is not limiting. No information exists on F. kerguelensis biometry from the subtropical SO, on the other extreme of the thermal and nutrient gradients. We present here new data on mean valve area of F. kerguelensis (FkergArea) from a sediment core covering the last ~42 cal kyrs from the southern Subtropical Front (SSTF) of the Indian sector of the SO, where iron and silica stocks are thought to have been consistently low over this period. Our results suggest that larger F. kerguelensis valves occurred during the Last Glacial period, and declined during the Holocene period. These findings indicate that more favourable SST, within the F. kerguelensis ecological range, during the Last Glacial period may have enabled F. kerguelensis to make better use of the low silica stocks prevailing in the subtropical zone leading to larger valves. Conversely, declining FkergArea during the deglacial and the Holocene periods may have been a result of higher SST which hampered the utilization of silica. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1167/17.2.1 | The most reasonable explanation of "the dress": Implicit assumptions about illumination | Millions of Internet users around the world challenged science by asking why a certain photo of a dress led different observers to have surprisingly different judgments about the color of the dress. The reason this particular photo produces so diverse a variety of judgments presumably is that the photo allows a variety of interpretations about the illumination of the dress. The most obvious explanation from color science should be that observers have different implicit assumptions about the illumination in the photo. We show that the perceived color of the dress is negatively correlated with the assumed illumination along the daylight locus. Moreover, by manipulating the observers' assumptions prior to seeing the photo, we can steer how observers will see the colors of the dress. These findings confirm the idea that the perceived colors of the dress depend on the assumptions about the illumination. The phenomenon illustrates the power of unconscious inferences and implicit assumptions in perception. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
294880 | Deciphering the ubiquitin code of the TNF receptor signalling complex and its functional role in inflammation and immunity | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine with important functions in inflammation, immunity and cancer. Signalling processes mediated by ubiquitin are crucial for TNF signalling. The seven lysine (K) residues and the N-terminus of ubiquitin can be used to form ubiquitin chains. Employing a method newly developed in our laboratory we identified the presence of four of these ubiquitin chain linkage types in the native TNF receptor signalling complex (TNF-RSC). Our knowledge of the specific functions of the different ubiquitin linkages is currently very limited. However, their presence in the TNF-RSC, combined with our recent technological advance in dissecting the composition of this protein complex with previously unreached specificity and sensitivity provides a unique opportunity for the proposed research programme: to molecularly and functionally decipher the ubiquitin code. We will aim to achieve this by studying the different ubiquitin chain linkages at the molecular level within the TNF-RSC and by determining how perturbation of specific ubiquitin linkage events impacts the physiological role of TNF in immunity to infection and its pathological function in inflammation-induced cancer.
The specific objectives of this project are:
• to molecularly decipher the ubiquitin code of the TNF-RSC (objective 1),
• to link this code to physiological functions of TNF in immunity to infection (objective 2)
• and to test its pathological impact on cancer-related inflammation (objective 3). | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
222547 | Closing the 4d real world reconstruction loop | 4D reconstruction, the camera-based dense dynamic scene reconstruction, is a grand challenge in computer graphics and computer vision. Despite great progress, 4D capturing the complex, diverse real world outside a studio is still far from feasible. 4DRepLy builds a new generation of high-fidelity 4D reconstruction (4DRecon) methods. They will be the first to efficiently capture all types of deformable objects (humans and other types) in crowded real world scenes with a single color or depth camera. They capture space-time coherent deforming geometry, motion, high-frequency reflectance and illumination at unprecedented detail, and will be the first to handle difficult occlusions, topology changes and large groups of interacting objects. They automatically adapt to new scene types, yet deliver models with meaningful, interpretable parameters. This requires far reaching contributions: First, we develop groundbreaking new plasticity-enhanced model-based 4D reconstruction methods that automatically adapt to new scenes. Second, we develop radically new machine learning-based dense 4D reconstruction methods. Third, these model- and learning-based methods are combined in two revolutionary new classes of 4DRecon methods: 1) advanced fusion-based methods and 2) methods with deep architectural integration. Both, 1) and 2), are automatically designed in the 4D Real World Reconstruction Loop, a revolutionary new design paradigm in which 4DRecon methods refine and adapt themselves while continuously processing unlabeled real world input. This overcomes the previously unbreakable scalability barrier to real world scene diversity, complexity and generality. This paradigm shift opens up a new research direction in graphics and vision and has far reaching relevance across many scientific fields. It enables new applications of profound social pervasion and significant economic impact, e.g., for visual media and virtual/augmented reality, and for future autonomous and robotic systems. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2155082637 | Tropical Atlantic Contributions to Strong Rainfall Variability Along the Northeast Brazilian Coast | Tropical Atlantic (TA) Ocean-atmosphere interactions and their contributions to strong variability of rainfall along the Northeast Brazilian (NEB) coast were investigated for the years 1974–2008. The core rainy seasons of March-April and June-July were identified for Fortaleza (northern NEB; NNEB) and Recife (eastern NEB; ENEB), respectively. Lagged linear regressions between sea surface temperature (SST) and pseudo wind stress (PWS) anomalies over the entire TA and strong rainfall anomalies at Fortaleza and Recife show that the rainfall variability of these regions is differentially influenced by the dynamics of the TA. When the Intertropical Convergence Zone is abnormally displaced southward a few months prior to the NNEB rainy season, the associated meridional mode increases humidity and precipitation during the rainy season. Additionally, this study shows predictive effect of SST, meridional PWS, and barrier layer thickness, in the Northwestern equatorial Atlantic, on the NNEB rainfall. The dynamical influence of the TA on the June-July ENEB rainfall variability shows a northwestward-propagating area of strong, positively correlated SST from the southeastern TA to the southwestern Atlantic warm pool (SAWP) offshore of Brazil. Our results also show predictive effect of SST, zonal PWS, and mixed layer depth, in the SAWP, on the ENEB rainfall. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2043691431 | Oxidovanadium(V) complexes with chiral tridentate Schiff bases derived from R(−)-phenylglycinol: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and catalytic activity in the oxidation of sulfides and styrene | Abstract A series of vanadium(V) complexes with chiral tridentate Schiff base ligands, obtained by the single condensation of R(−)-phenylglycinol with salicylaldehyde and its derivatives, were prepared. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and by their ESI-MS, IR, CD, UV–Vis, 1D (1H, 51V) and 2D (COSY, gHSQC) NMR spectra. The vanadium(V) complexes have the ability to catalyze the oxidation of sulfides [PhSR (R = Me, Bz)] in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses (over 90%), utilizing aqueous 30% H2O2 or cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) as the oxidant. These complexes are also catalytically active in the oxidation of styrene, using aqueous 30% H2O2 or tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant, to styrene oxide, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, phenylacetaldehyde and 1-phenylethane-1,2-diol. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
185325 | Topic identifier: smeinst-11-2016-2017 | The specific remit of this project is to launch an innovative, environmentally friendly, low-cost process to deink surface-printed plastic film. This process is focused on removing ink thus allowing recycled printed plastic film to be used for the manufacture of added-value products.
Two different deinking processes are currently being developed by our competitors. The first is based on reagents used in biotechnology (e.g. non-ionic, cationic and anionic surfactants). The second is based on solvents (e.g. ethanol). The cost (€950/tonne) is the main barrier of the biotechnology reagent process. The solvent-based process is more competitive at €550/tonne but there are several issues over plastic quality (bad odours and colours; low optical properties: DE>3), sustainability (high carbon footprint, 533 kg CO2eq/tonne) and hazards (it must be ATEX compliant due to the risk of explosion).
Our process has a clear advantage in terms of price, quality and sustainability in comparison with traditional deinking processes. The combination of adapted sub-processes (milling, deinking, drying, extrusion and water treatment) allows high-quality deinked plastic to be obtained at a low cost. This plastic is aligned with requirements for high added-value applications such as packaging: absence of bad odours and colour, ink removal of 99.9%, modulus 434 Mpa, elongation at break: 596%, good optical properties: DE<3. Moreover, the whole process is designed from a positive environmental point of view: 35% lower carbon footprint (346 kg CO2eq/tonne); use of only environmentally-friendly and water-based surfactants (solvent-free); obtaining of 100% decontaminated water after the process, which can be reused as closed-loop; and the total elimination of dangerous sludge. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.4886117 | The Floating Microfluidic Probe Distance Control Between Probe And Sample Using Hydrodynamic Levitation | Microfluidic probes (MFPs) are an emerging class of non-contact scanning devices used to perform local chemical reactions on surfaces covered with liquid. Typically, the probe is scanned at a distance between 10 μm and 50 μm over the surface. For proper functioning, the distance between the probe and the surface needs to be kept stable. Here, we present a self-regulating distance control for a microfluidic probe based on hydrodynamic levitation, and we call the device the “floating MFP. ” By injecting a liquid between the probe head and the surface (flow rates: 5–500 μl min−1), we were able to achieve levitation heights up to 15 μm without perturbation of the probe function. We provide an analytical solution describing the levitation, which fits well with the experimental data. This work helps in the design and implementation of distance control in MFPs for a broad range of applications. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.nima.2017.01.008 | A new approach for improved time and position measurements for TOF-PET: Time-stamping of the photo-electrons using analogue SiPMs | Measurement of the Time-of-Flight (TOF) of the 511 keV gammas brings an important reduction of statistical noise in the PET image, with higher precision time measurements producing clearer images. The common method of coupling a photodetector to scintillating crystals is to have two matching matrices, with a one-to-one coupling between the crystal and the photodetector. We propose a new geometry based on analogue strip SiPMs reading out a scintillator cut into slabs. This technique allows the time stamping of individual photo-electrons and extracts the best time resolution using a specific algorithm. Here we present the results from the first ‘slab module’ test. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2290760677 | Clustering in U.K. home price volatility | In the wake of the 2007–09 global financial crisis, there has been heightened interest in correctly gauging the probability of large losses on assets, particularly house prices. If an asset exhibits GARCH effects in its returns, there is a much higher probability of large losses during volatile periods than standard mean-variance analysis indicates. While there has been much research on regional home prices in the United Kingdom, the focus has been on the conditional mean and convergence rather than on the possibility of GARCH effects and volatility clustering. The findings of this study reveal that the majority of U.K. regions indeed exhibit GARCH effects, and these GARCH effects have heterogeneous impacts on returns across regions. The existence of these GARCH effects in the majority of the U.K. regions has many important implications, ranging from proper portfolio management to government policy. | [
"Mathematics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
ES 92304842 T | BOTON DE BLOQUEO A RESORTE. | EN UN BOTON DE RAPIDA COLOCACION (1), EN EL QUE SE ADAPTAN UN CUERPO DE BOTON (2) QUE TIENE UN ADORNO EN SU SUPERFICIE FRONTAL (10) Y UN ELEMENTO DE SUJECION (3) PARA SER IMPERMEABILIZADO CON UN ELEMENTO DE IMPERMEABILIZACION (4), UN ANILLO DE SUJECION (6) QUE TIENE UN PUENTE (9) EN Y A LO LARGO DE SU PARTE PERIFERICA EXTERIOR SE SUJETA A UN REBORDE (5) DEL ELEMENTO DE IMPERMEABILIZACION (4) Y SE FIJA UN RECEPTACULO (12), QUE TIENE UNA ABERTURA (11) PARA RECIBIR EL ANILLO DE SUJECION (6) Y QUE TIENE UNA PIEZA CONICA QUE DIVERGE DESDE UN BORDE DE LA ABERTURA (11) HACIA LA SUPERFICIE POSTERIOR DEL CUERPO DEL BOTON (2), EN LA SUPERFICIE POSTERIOR DEL CUERPO DEL BOTON (2) Y SE DISPONE UN MUELLE CON FORMA DE ANILLO (16) ENGANCHABLE EN EL ANILLO DE SUJECION (6) DEL RECEPTACULO. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1017/bpp.2016.7 | Putting nudges in perspective | AbstractConventional economic policy focuses on ‘economic’ solutions (e. g. taxes, incentives, regulation) to problems caused by market-level factors such as externalities, misaligned incentives and information asymmetries. By contrast, ‘nudges’ provide behavioural solutions to problems that have generally been assumed to originate from limitations in human decision making, such as present bias. While policy-makers have good reason for exploiting the power of nudges, we argue that these extremes leave open a large space of policy options that have received less attention in the academic literature. First, there is no reason that solution and problem need have the same theoretical basis: there are promising behavioural solutions to problems that have causes that are well explained by traditional economics, and conventional economic solutions often offer the best line of attack on problems of behavioural origin. Second, there is a wide range of hybrid policy actions with both economic and behavioural components (e. g. framing a tax or incentive in a specific way), and there exist many societal problems – perhaps the majority – that arise from both economic and behavioural factors (e. g. firms’ exploitation of consumers’ behavioural biases). This paper aims to remind policy-makers that behavioural economics can influence policy in a variety of ways, of which nudges are the most prominent but not necessarily the most powerful. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1126/sciadv.1700186 | A fourth Denisovan individual | The presence of Neandertals in Europe and Western Eurasia before the arrival of anatomically modern humans is well supported by archaeological and paleontological data. In contrast, fossil evidence for Denisovans, a sister group of Neandertals recently identified on the basis of DNA sequences, is limited to three specimens, all of which originate from Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains (Siberia, Russia). We report the retrieval of DNA from a deciduous lower second molar (Denisova 2), discovered in a deep stratigraphic layer in Denisova Cave, and show that this tooth comes from a female Denisovan individual. On the basis of the number of "missing substitutions" in the mitochondrial DNA determined from the specimen, we find that Denisova 2 is substantially older than two of the other Denisovans, reinforcing the view that Denisovans were likely to have been present in the vicinity of Denisova Cave over an extended time period. We show that the level of nuclear DNA sequence diversity found among Denisovans is within the lower range of that of present-day human populations. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.coi.2019.09.003 | IgM memory B cells: specific effectors of innate-like and adaptive responses | Antigen-experienced IgM+ B cells with mutated V genes have emerged as important effectors of both adaptive and innate-like immune responses. While their precise role in recall responses appear to differ according to the nature of the immunogen or the infectious agent, they are able to achieve rapid plasma cell differentiation, germinal center re-initiation, as well as IgM and IgG memory pool replenishment, which establishes them as multi-lineage precursors of the various functional memory subsets. For innate-like responses, recent data have shown that activation by gut commensals is able to generate, both in mice and humans, a systemic IgM+ population with specificity against glycan epitopes, which displays broad cross-reactivity towards multiple micro-organisms, and ensures a first line of defense against systemic infections. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
US 2016/0056040 W | THE METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF TUMORS | This invention is in the area of improved therapeutic combinations for and methods of treating selected cancers using specific Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) inhibitors in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In one aspect, an improved treatment for select cancers is disclosed using specific Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) inhibitors, for example UNC2371, in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, for example, a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) inhibitor, a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) inhibitor, or a programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) inhibitor. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1080/09608788.2020.1813078 | Kant On The Sources Of Metaphysics The Dialectic Of Pure Reason By Marcus Willaschek Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2018 Pp 308 75 00 Hb Isbn 9781108560856 | Kant on the Sources of Metaphysics interprets the Transcendental Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason. Willaschek presents an original, well argued, and largely plausible reconstruction of the . . . | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1109/ICSENS.2013.6688205 | Femto Molar Sensitive Field Effect Transistor Biosensors Based On Silicon Nanowires And Antibodies | This article presents electrically-based sensors made of high quality silicon nanowire field effect transistors (SiNW-FETs) for high sensitive detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) molecules. SiNW-FET devices, fabricated through an IC/CMOS compatible top-down approach, are covalently functionalized with VEGF monoclonal antibodies in order to sense VEGF. Increasing concentrations of VEGF in the femto molar range determine increasing conductance values as proof of occurring immuno-reactions at the nanowire (NW) surface. These results confirm data in literature about the possibility of sensing pathogenic factors with SiNW-FET sensors, introducing the innovating aspect of detecting biomolecules in dry conditions. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W248325542 | Transnational Imaginaries: Reading Asian Australian Writing: Introduction | When did 'Asian Australian writing' come into existence? Answering this question is almost as difficult as deciding when people from the regions now known as Asia first arrived in Australia. We know, for example, that Chinese settlers filed petitions protesting their treatment by colonial governments as early as 1855 (Broinowski 11), and that autobiographical writing appeared in the 1920s (Shen 2001). Creative writers started publishing in the 1950s (Mena Abdullah), 60s (Chitra Fernando) and 70s (Ee Tiang Hong, Brian Castro) - and when we know more about publications in languages other than English, these dates are likely to be pushed back further.1 However, as a category of writing, Asian Australian writing did not emerge until the 1990s, and its currency within literary scholarship dates back not much more than a decade2, following in the footsteps of 'Asian American writing', which had developed as a successful and influential field of literary and critical production since the 1980s (see articles by Dorothy Wang and Mridula Chakraborty in this volume).The recent and rapid blossoming of Asian Australian creative writing should come as no surprise. Australia's Asian population remained small until the White Australia policy was finally abandoned in the 1970s, but has grown rapidly since the first influx of refugees from post-war Vietnam. Asian Australians on average have a higher level of education than the Australian population as a whole (Australia in the Asian Century 101), and while many first-generation migrants, especially those from Vietnam and mainland China, arrived with little English, migrants from countries like India, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Malaysia often had native or near-native English proficiency. For the second and '1.5' generations of migrants3 who are currently coming onto the scene, language and education present no barrier, and (perhaps) inspired by an 'Asian boom' in diasporic cultural production across the globe, they have enthusiastically turned to writing as well as other art forms (film, visual arts), in many cases with considerable success.At the same time, the growing academic interest in diasporic writing world-wide has been embraced by Australian scholars, and scholars of Australian literature in other locations, to the extent that Asian Australian writing is now a lively and diverse field of literary scholarship, and one that is developing its own critical and theoretical debates surrounding terminology, legitimacy, taxonomies, and, frequently, the place of this writing within national literary traditions such as that of Australian literature.Yet, for all the critical and creative energy it has released, Asian Australian writing remains a contested category, as does the related category of multicultural writing. What exactly do we mean by 'Asia', and to what extent does the term gloss over and neutralise the huge differences (cultural, linguistic, historical) between writers from separate parts of this vast continent and their diverse heritage? Does the label further marginalise texts and writers who may already have encountered discrimination and cultural stereotyping in Australia? Does it draw attention away from the writing itself to focus primarily on the identity of the writer? Conversely, if such questions tend to expose the negative potential inherent in critical categorisation, one must also ask what alternatives are available if we want to discuss literatures that do not fit neatly into the national categories which have been the dominant system of literary classification to date, but which are coming under increasing pressure.'Diasporic writing', 'world literature', 'transnational' or 'transcultural' literatures: these are only some of the more recent concepts mobilised to account for the growing realisation that writing does not stop at national or linguistic borders, but spills across nations, cultures and languages in today's ever more globalised cultural economy - moreover, that it always did. … | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3516-10.2011 | Regulation Of Oligodendrocyte Development And Myelination By Glucose And Lactate | In the gray matter of the brain, astrocytes have been suggested to export lactate (derived from glucose or glycogen) to neurons to power their mitochondria. In the white matter, lactate can support axon function in conditions of energy deprivation, but it is not known whether lactate acts by preserving energy levels in axons or in oligodendrocytes, the myelinating processes of which are damaged rapidly in low energy conditions. Studies of cultured cells suggest that oligodendrocytes are the cell type in the brain that consumes lactate at the highest rate, in part to produce membrane lipids presumably for myelin. Here, we use pH imaging to show that oligodendrocytes in the white matter of the rat cerebellum and corpus callosum take up lactate via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), which we identify as MCT1 by confocal immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Using cultured slices of developing cerebral cortex from mice in which oligodendrocyte lineage cells express GFP (green fluorescent protein) under the control of the Sox10 promoter, we show that a low glucose concentration reduces the number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelination. Myelination is rescued when exogenous l-lactate is supplied. Thus, lactate can support oligodendrocyte development and myelination. In CNS diseases involving energy deprivation at times of myelination or remyelination, such as periventricular leukomalacia leading to cerebral palsy, stroke, and secondary ischemia after spinal cord injury, lactate transporters in oligodendrocytes may play an important role in minimizing the inhibition of myelination that occurs. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.023901 | Interrogating Nanojunctions Using Ultraconfined Acoustoplasmonic Coupling | Single nanoparticles are shown to develop a localized acoustic resonance, the bouncing mode, when placed on a substrate. If both substrate and nanoparticle are noble metals, plasmonic coupling of the nanoparticle to its image charges in the film induces tight light confinement in the nanogap. This yields ultrastrong "acoustoplasmonic" coupling with a figure of merit 7 orders of magnitude higher than conventional acousto-optic modulators. The plasmons thus act as a local vibrational probe of the contact geometry. A simple analytical mechanical model is found to describe the bouncing mode in terms of the nanoscale structure, allowing transient pump-probe spectroscopy to directly measure the contact area for individual nanoparticles. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W2793319930 | Iqaluktutiaq Voices: Local Perspectives about the Importance of Muskoxen, Contemporary and Traditional Use and Practices + Supplementary Appendices S1–S5 (See Article Tools) | Understanding human-wildlife relationships and interactions is crucial to implementing policies and practices related to wildlife and public health that are locally relevant and adapted to local communities and needs. With the goal of informing a community-based participatory muskox health surveillance system in the community of Iqaluktutiaq (Cambridge Bay) on Victoria Island, Nunavut, Canada, we explored the importance of muskoxen for community residents, their relevance for local food security, and the relationships and interactions between Iqaluktutiamiut and muskoxen. We investigated these themes through individual interviews of 30 community members identified as muskox experts by local organizations. Results were finalized and refined with 26 interviewees in feedback sessions. For Iqaluktutiaq residents, muskoxen have nutritional, economic, sociocultural, and environmental importance. The decline of muskoxen documented locally has a multidimensional impact on the community, with negative effects on all the domains explored, from food security to the integrity of the cultural system. Descriptions of subsistence and commercial harvesting and butchering practices are an asset for the successful implementation of participatory muskox health surveillance activities (e.g., hunter-based sampling), as well as for interpretation of derived data (e.g., local knowledge on muskox diseases). Knowledge of specific harvesting practices that might increase exposure to zoonotic agents is also relevant for designing targeted strategies to mitigate public health risks. This research underlines how careful examination of the human-wildlife context through local perspectives can benefit wildlife health surveillance, public health, and wildlife co-management outcomes. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2149196108 | Cognitive and linguistic underpinnings of <i>deixis am phantasma</i>: Bühler's and Peirce's semiotic | Th is inquiry outlines Karl Bühle's three kinds of deixis, focusing particularly on his most advanced use – deixis am phantasma (deictics to refer to absent referents). This use is of primary import to the semiosis of index, given the centrality of the object and the interpretant in changing the function of the indexical sign in ontogeny. Employing deictic signs to refer to absent objects (some of which are mental) constitutes a catalyst from more social, conventional, uses to more internal, imaginative, ones. Bühler's analogy of mental objects as a "mimesis" serves as the genesis for the claim that static and more dynamic memories, fuelled by affect, drive deictics to refer to more dynamic objects and more dynamic interpretants, into more constructed realities. Peirce's two types of objects and three types of interpretants complete Bühler's deictic framework; they determine advances in deictic semiosis undeveloped by Bühler, and offer rationale for how it is that deictic use extends the semiosis of index. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1209/0295-5075/104/48006 | Rheological Properties Of Soft Glassy Flows From Hydro Kinetic Simulations | Based on numerical simulations of a lattice kinetic model for soft-glassy materials, we characterize the global rheology of a dense emulsion-like system, under three representative load conditions: Couette flow, time-oscillating Strain and Kolmogorov flow. It is found that in all cases the rheology is described by a Herschel-Bulkley (HB) relation, , with the yield stress largely independent of the loading scenario. A proper rescaling of the HB parameters permits to describe heterogeneous flows with space-dependent stresses, based on the notion of cooperativity, as recently proposed to characterize the degree of non-locality of stress relaxation phenomena in soft-glassy materials. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002414 | Diversification in causes of death in low-mortality countries: emerging patterns and implications | IntroductionAn important role of public health organisations is to monitor indicators of variation, so as to disclose underlying inequality in health improvement. In industrialised societies, more individuals than ever are reaching older ages and have become more homogeneous in their age at death. This has led to a decrease in lifespan variation, with substantial implications for the reduction of health inequalities. We focus on a new form of variation to shed further light on our understanding of population health and ageing: variation in causes of death. MethodsData from the WHO Mortality Database and the Human Mortality Database are used to estimate cause-of-death distributions and life tables in 15 low-mortality countries. Cause-of-death variation, using 19 groups of causes, is quantified using entropy measures and analysed from 1994 to 2017. ResultsThe last two decades have seen increasing diversity in causes of death in low-mortality countries. There have been important reductions in the share of deaths from diseases of the circulatory system, while the share of a range of other causes, such as diseases of the genitourinary system, mental and behavioural disorders, and diseases of the nervous system, has been increasing, leading to a more complex cause-of-death distribution. ConclusionsThe diversification in causes of death witnessed in recent decades is most likely a result of the increase in life expectancy, together with better diagnoses and awareness of certain diseases. Such emerging patterns bring additional challenges to healthcare systems, such as the need to research, monitor and treat a wider range of diseases. It also raises new questions concerning the distribution of health resources. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
US 0017022 W | BLOCK-ORIENTED CONTROL SYSTEM ON HIGH SPEED ETHERNET | A distributed control system architecture (HSE) provides an open, interoperable solution optimized for integration of distributed control systems and other control devices in a high performance backbone, provides an open, interoperable solution that provides system time synchronization suitable for distributed control applications operable over a high performance backbone, and provides an open, interoperable solution that provides a fault tolerant high performance backbone as well as fault tolerant devices that are connected to the backbone. The distributed control system architecture comprises a High speed Eternet Field Device Access (HSE FDA) Agent, which maps services of a distributed control system, e.g., a fieldbus System, to and from a standard, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Ethernet/Internet component. The distributed control system architecture also comprises a High speed Ethernet System Management Kernel (HSE SMK) that operates to keep a local time, and keeps the difference between the local time and a system time provided by a time server within a value specified by the time sync class. The local time is used to time stamp events so that event messages from devices may be correlated across the system. The distributed control system architecture further comprises a High speed Ehernet Local Area Network Redundancy Entity (HSE LRE) that provides redundancy transparent to the applications running on the system. The HSE LRE of each device periodically transmits a diagnostic message representing its view of the network to the other Devices on the system. Each device uses the diagnostic messages to maintain a Network Status Table (NST), which is used for fault detection and selection from a redundant pair of resources. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2154908795 | Stagnation in Brownfield Redevelopment | Abstract — Purpose of thispaper is two-folded. At first it explainsthe major problems that are causing stagnation in brownfield redevelopment. In addition, these problems given the context of the present multi-actor built environment are becoming more complex to observe. Therefore, this paper suggests also a prospective decision-making approach that is the most appropriate to observe and react on the given stagnation problems. Such an approach should be regarded as prescriptive-interactive decision-making approach, a barely established branch. This approach should offer models that have prescriptive as well as an interactive component enabling them to successfully cope with the multi-actor environment. Overall, this paper provides up-to-date insight on the brownfield stagnation by gradually introducing the nowadays major problems and offers a prospective decision-making approach how these problems could be tackled. Keywords — BR, decision-m aking approach, stagntion,the Netherlands. I. B | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1017/jfm.2015.117 | The lamellar description of mixing in porous media | We develop a general framework for modelling mixing in porous media flows, in which the scalar mixture is represented as an ensemble of lamellae evolving through stretching, diffusion and coalescence. Detailed numerical simulations in Darcy scale heterogeneous permeability fields are used to analyse the lamella deformation process, which controls the local concentration gradients and thus the evolution of the concentration mixture through stretching enhanced diffusion. The corresponding Lagrangian deformation process is shown to be well modelled by a Langevin equation with multiplicative noise, which can be coupled with diffusion to predict the temporal evolution of the concentration probability density function (PDF). At late times, lamella interaction is enforced by confinement of the mixture within the dispersion area. This process is shown to be well represented by a random aggregation model, which quantifies the frequency of lamella coalescence and allows us to predict the temporal evolution of the concentration PDF in this regime. The proposed theoretical framework provides an accurate prediction of the concentration PDFs at all investigated times, heterogeneity levels and Péclet numbers. In particular, it relates the temporal behaviour of mixing, as quantified by concentration moments, scalar dissipation rate or spatial increments of concentration, to the degree of structural heterogeneity. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2969464065 | A review of sustainability metrics for the construction and operation of airport and roadway infrastructure | Sustainability has become increasingly important, however, relatively little attention has focused on metrics for the construction and operation of airport and roadway infrastructure. Most attention has focused on buildings, with high profile BREEAM and LEED projects taking center stage. Sustainability is also important in airport and roadway infrastructure projects, which have significant public impact but have a much lower profile than vertical construction when it comes to sustainability. Sustainable infrastructure is important in China and India where new infrastructure is under construction to meet growing and developing economies, and in the US, where infrastructure is in substandard condition and requires reconstruction. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and discussion of sustainability rating systems for airport and roadway infrastructure, including both construction and operation. Specific projects that highlight both proven and innovative sustainable practices are included to illustrate the application of these concepts. Finally, the relationship between sustainable transportation infrastructure and resilient transportation infrastructure is addressed since resiliency is of growing interest and there is overlap between these concepts. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-662-54110-4_23 | Fpt Approximation Schemes For Maximizing Submodular Functions | We investigate the existence of approximation algorithms for maximization of submodular functions, that run in fixed parameter tractable FPT time. Given a non-decreasing submodular set function $$v: 2^X \rightarrow {{\mathbb {R}}}$$v:2Xi¾?R the goal is to select a subset S of K elements from X such that vS is maximized. We identify two properties of set functions, referred to as p-separability properties, and we argue that many real-life problems can be expressed as maximization of submodular, p-separable functions, with low values of the parameter p. We present FPT approximation schemes for the minimization and maximization variants of the problem, for several parameters that depend on characteristics of the optimized set function, such as p and K. We confirm that our algorithms are applicable to a broad class of problems, in particular to problems from computational social choice, such as item selection or winner determination under several multiwinner election systems. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1080/02723638.2015.1096123 | Neighborhood Decline And The Economic Crisis An Introduction | Urban neighborhoods are still important in the lives of its residents. Therefore, it is important to find out how the recent global financial and economic crisis affects these neighborhoods. Which types of neighborhoods and which residents suffer more than others? This introduction provides an overview of the papers in this special feature that focus on this question. It concludes with the statement that governments should specifically pay attention to the poor neighborhoods and the people living there, because here the effects of the crisis are very prominent and in many cases probably long-lasting. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 615159 (ERC Consolidator Grant DEPRIVEDHOODS, Socio-spatial inequality, deprived neighbourhoods, and neighbourhood effects) and from the Marie Curie programme under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / Career Integration Grant n. PCIG10-GA-2011-303728 (CIG Grant NBHCHOICE, Neighbourhood choice, neighbourhood sorting, and neighbourhood effects). | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W3011017972 | Can This Time Be Different? Policy Options in Times of Rising Debt | Episodes of debt accumulation have been a recurrent feature of the global economy over the past fifty years. Since 2010, emerging and developing economies have experienced another wave of historically large and rapid debt accumulation. Similar past debt buildups have often ended in widespread financial crises in these economies. This paper examines the factors that are likely to determine the outcome of the most recent debt wave, and considers policy options to help reduce the likelihood that it ends again in widespread crises. It reports two main results. First, the rapid increase in debt has made emerging and developing economies more vulnerable to shifts in market sentiment, notwithstanding historically low global interest rates. Second, policy options are available to lower the likelihood of financial crises, and to help manage the adverse impacts of crises when they do occur. These include sound debt management, strong monetary and fiscal frameworks, and robust bank supervision and regulation. The post-crisis debt buildup has coincided with a period of subdued growth as well as the emergence of non-traditional creditors. As a result, policy priorities also need to ensure that debt is spent on productive purposes to improve growth prospects and that all debt-related transactions are transparently reported. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W2363380059 | The Decline and Reconstruction of Cultures——Albert Schweitzer′s Opinions on Modern Cultures | According to Albert Schweitzer,compared with the Enlightenment culture and rationalistic culture,the western culture experienced a decline in the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century.He believed that this decline was due to the impediments of the material to the spiritual which led to the disappearance of ethical essentials in a culture.In his opinion,if westerners want to revive or reconstruct western culture,they should build up a world view which could carry the ethical ideal of a culture,that is,reverence for life.Since the development of Chinese culture is at the critical moment,it is time to think over our culture strategies.And a lot can be learned from Albert Schweitzer′s theory. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W1990027686 | EDITORIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND PATTERNS OF PRACTICE | This paper proposes a new theoretical method to analyse patterns of photographic practice of editorial photography—using an “action genre” approach. That is, rather than taking final photographic forms as being definitive of genre, this new method identifies patterns of “activity types” involved in the production of editorial photography to be identified. While there has been much written on editorial photography, there is no organised body of scholarship that distinguishes between different modes of presenting patterns of photographic practice. Claims about the degree of influence of visual images and their ability to drive public opinion have not sufficiently considered the full impact of photographic production processes. Although patterns of activity in the image-making process are not directly evident in the published photograph, the process does impact upon the resulting meanings made. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W1982184197 | Influence of the duty cycle on structural and mechanical properties of oxide layers on Al-1050 by a plasma electrolytic oxidation process | Oxide layers were prepared on Al-1050 substrates by an environmentally friendly plasma electrolytic oxidation process using an alkaline solution of Na2SiO3 (8 g/L) and NaOH (3 g/L) as the electrolyte. The effects of three different duty cycles (20%, 40%, and 60%) on the structure and hardness of the oxides were investigated. XRD analysis revealed that the oxides were mainly composed of α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3, and mullite. The proportion of each phase depended on various electrical parameters, such as the duty cycle and frequency. The morphology, thickness, and the elemental distribution of the oxides were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The thicknesses of the oxides were found to vary from 20 μm to more than 60 μm for various duty cycles, when identical treatment durations were used. The oxidation treatment also resulted in good adhesion between the oxide layer and the substrate. SEM images indicated that the oxide layers formed at the 60% duty cycle exhibited relatively coarser surfaces with larger pore sizes and sintering particles, and slower growth rates than did those formed at the 20% duty cycle, under identical treatment durations. The oxides prepared at the 20% duty cycle showed smooth surfaces. The oxides layers were found to improve the micro-hardness of Al-1050. In particular, the oxide layers formed at the 40% duty cycle exhibited relatively better micro-hardness owing to their compact microstructures. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1104/pp.17.00713 | Auxin and ROP GTPase signaling of polar nuclear migration in root epidermal hair cells | Polar nuclear migration is crucial during the development of diverse eukaryotes. In plants, root hair growth requires polar nuclear migration into the outgrowing hair. However, knowledge about the dynamics and the regulatory mechanisms underlying nuclear movements in root epidermal cells remains limited. Here, we show that both auxin and Rho-of-Plant (ROP) signaling modulate polar nuclear position at the inner epidermal plasma membrane domain oriented to the cortical cells during cell elongation as well as subsequent polar nuclear movement to the outer domain into the emerging hair bulge in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Auxin signaling via the nuclear AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7)/ARF19 and INDOLE ACETIC ACID7 pathway ensures correct nuclear placement toward the inner membrane domain. Moreover, precise inner nuclear placement relies on SPIKE1 Rho-GEF, SUPERCENTIPEDE1 Rho-GDI, and ACTIN7 (ACT7) function and to a lesser extent on VTI11 vacuolar SNARE activity. Strikingly, the directionality and/or velocity of outer polar nuclear migration into the hair outgrowth along actin strands also are ACT7 dependent, auxin sensitive, and regulated by ROP signaling. Thus, our findings provide a founding framework revealing auxin and ROP signaling of inner polar nuclear position with some contribution by vacuolar morphology and of actin-dependent outer polar nuclear migration in root epidermal hair cells. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1093/hmg/ddx290 | Maternal BMI at the start of pregnancy and offspring epigenome-wide DNA methylation: Findings from the pregnancy and childhood epigenetics (PACE) consortium | Pre-pregnancy maternal obesity is associated with adverse offspring outcomes at birth and later in life. Individual studies have shown that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation could contribute. Within the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium, we meta-analysed the association between pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and methylation at over 450,000 sites in newborn blood DNA, across 19 cohorts (9,340 mother-newborn pairs). We attempted to infer causality by comparing the effects of maternal versus paternal BMI and incorporating genetic variation. In four additional cohorts (1,817 mother-child pairs), we meta-analysed the association between maternal BMI at the start of pregnancy and blood methylation in adolescents. In newborns, maternal BMI was associated with small (<0. 2% per BMI unit (1 kg/m2), P < 1. 06 × 10-7) methylation variation at 9,044 sites throughout the genome. Adjustment for estimated cell proportions greatly attenuated the number of significant CpGs to 104, including 86 sites common to the unadjusted model. At 72/86 sites, the direction of the association was the same in newborns and adolescents, suggesting persistence of signals. However, we found evidence for a6causal intrauterine effect of maternal BMI on newborn methylation at just 8/86 sites. In conclusion, this well-powered analysis identified robust associations between maternal adiposity and variations in newborn blood DNA methylation, but these small effects may be better explained by genetic or lifestyle factors than a causal intrauterine mechanism. This highlights the need for large-scale collaborative approaches and the application of causal inference techniques in epigenetic epidemiology. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1159/000500955 | Life Expectancy Frequently Used But Hardly Understood | Period life expectancy is one of the most used summary indicators for the overall health of a population. Its levels and trends direct health policies, and researchers try to identify the determining risk factors to assess and forecast future developments. The use of period life expectancy is often based on the assumption that it directly reflects the mortality conditions of a certain year. Accordingly, the explanation for changes in life expectancy are typically sought in factors that have an immediate impact on current mortality conditions. It is frequently overlooked, however, that this indicator can also be affected by at least three kinds of effects, in particular in the situation of short-term fluctuations: cohort effects, heterogeneity effects, and tempo effects. We demonstrate their possible impact with the example of the almost Europe-wide decrease in life expectancy in 2015, which caused a series of reports about an upsurge of a health crisis, and we show that the consideration of these effects can lead to different conclusions. Therefore, we want to raise an awareness concerning the sensitivity of life expectancy to sudden changes and the menaces a misled interpretation of this indicator can cause. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W788737191 | Prognostic Significance of Statin Use in Colorectal Cancer | Statin intake has been reported to reduce the risk of several malignancies beyond its cholesterol-lowering effects. However, little is known regarding the survival benefit of statins for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
We conducted a systematic literature search of multiple databases for studies published before November 2014, which investigated associations between statin intake and CRC prognosis. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model. The primary outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality (ACM) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM).
Ten studies involving 76,851 patients were eligible for this meta-analysis, with 7 studies investigating prediagnosis statin use and 5 studies reporting postdiagnosis statin use. Prediagnosis statin use was associated with reduced ACM (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.88, P = 0.001) and CSM (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.77–0.84, P < 0.001) for patients with CRC. This effect persisted when stratified by tumor site and in studies adjusted by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. In addition, postdiagnosis statin use was associated with decreased CSM (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60–0.82, P < 0.001). However, we did not note reduced ACM for postdiagnosis statin use (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.68–1.27, P = 0.639). There appeared to be an association between postdiagnosis statin use and increased ACM in KRAS-mutated CRC.
Our findings provide evidence that prediagnosis statin therapy was associated with reduced ACM and CSM in CRC patients; postdiagnosis statin therapy indicated decreased CSM. However, findings may not apply to patients with postdiagnosis statin therapy for ACM. Further studies are warranted to determine the relation between statin dose and duration on CRC survival. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W4310490427 | “Wokismo” ou a guerra cultural à francesa | Transcrição da exposição do autor na Jornada de Estudos do GENA (Grupo de estudos sobre o neoliberalismo e alternativas), em 30 de maio de 2022 no Conservatório Nacional de Artes e Ofícios (CNAM), Paris. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1080/02691728.2013.796426 | Function by Agreement | Philosophers of biology have developed an extensive literature on biological functions. Here I propose a treatment of the topic based in social studies of science. I posit that the chief philosophical accounts of biological functions all rest upon a realist ontology of biological functions, one that conceives functions as human-independent qualities of things. Rather than being conceptualised as a property of traits or structures, function should be understood as a status granted by communities acting in accordance with specific domains of knowledge and practice. Function becomes not a property of things, but a collective good: not of things, but by communities. I survey the existing explanations of biological functions from the philosophical literature and identify what I take to be those accounts’ shared complications. I then employ Martin Kusch’s communitarian epistemology as a point of departure for a sociological conception of function and develop an explanation of function that rests on an understanding of it, as a status granted by epistemic communities. I follow by illustrating the usefulness of my account by means of a case study from synthetic biology—a nascent field of bioengineering. Finally, I discuss function as a conferred status deeply involved in collective ordering practices. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1093/imrn/rnv183 | Admissible Embeddings of L-Tori and the Essentially Tame Local Langlands Correspondence | Let F be a non-Archimedean local field of characteristic 0 and G be the general linear group GLn over F. Bushnell and Henniart described the essentially tame local Langlands correspondence for G(F) using admissible characters, with their rectifiers, of tamely ramified elliptic maximal tori of G(F). The main result of this article is to relate these rectifiers to χ-data in the theory of endoscopy of Kottwitz, Langlands, and Shelstad. Therefore, we can describe the essentially tame local Langlands correspondence using admissible embeddings of L-tori. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1093/jxb/ery200 | Abscisic acid influences tillering by modulation of strigolactones in barley | Strigolactones (SLs) represent a class of plant hormones that are involved in inhibiting shoot branching and in promoting abiotic stress responses. There is evidence that the biosynthetic pathways of SLs and abscisic acid (ABA) are functionally connected. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the interaction of SLs and ABA, and the relevance of this interaction for shoot architecture. Based on sequence homology, four genes (HvD27, HvMAX1, HvCCD7, and HvCCD8) involved in SL biosynthesis were identified in barley and functionally verified by complementation of Arabidopsis mutants or by virus-induced gene silencing. To investigate the influence of ABA on SLs, two transgenic lines accumulating ABA as a result of RNAi-mediated down-regulation of HvABA 8'-hydroxylase 1 and 3 were employed. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed higher ABA levels in root and stem base tissues in these transgenic lines. Both lines showed enhanced tiller formation and lower concentrations of 5-deoxystrigol in root exudates, which was detected for the first time as a naturally occurring SL in barley. Lower expression levels of HvD27, HvMAX1, HvCCD7, and HvCCD8 indicated that ABA suppresses SL biosynthesis, leading to enhanced tiller formation in barley. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
US 0019420 W | SIZING METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE DRY CLEANING | A method for dry-cleaning articles such as fabrics and clothing in carbon dioxide while concurrently applying a sizing agent to the articles comprises contacting an article to be cleaned with a liquid dry cleaning composition for a time sufficient to clean the fabric. The liquid dry-cleaning composition comprises a mixture of carbon dioxide, a surfactant, a sizing agent. An organic co-solvent is preferably included. After the contacting step, the article is separated from the liquid dry cleaning composition. The method is preferably carried out at ambient temperature. Preferred sizing agents are low molecular weight hydrocarbon resins. The surfactant is preferably one that does not contain a CO2-philic group. The organic co-solvent is preferably an alkane and has a flash point above 140 DEG F. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
AU 2011/247911 A | Catheter allowing variable dosing of an active agent | A drug eluting catheter includes an active agent, such as a drug or chemical substance, which is integrated with the catheter and allows variable dosing of the agent for elution to the patient's body. The catheter includes a dosing region and graduated markings or is associated with a measurement device that includes graduated markings that correspond to a range of dose of the active agent associated with the catheter. By removing or masking an undesired dosing region prior to administration, a user may vary the dosage to suit a patient's needs. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
996650 | High arctic polynyas in a changing climate | The Arctic is undergoing a profound transformation. The striking increase in observed Greenland Ice Sheet melt and sea-ice retreat are two symptoms of the multiple impacts of climate change at high latitudes. In the sea-ice covered oceans surrounding northern Greenland however, large areas of year-round open water, termed polynyas, have been present since historical times. Located at two major Arctic-Atlantic gateways, these biological productivity hotspots support not only large mammals and birds but are a vital natural and cultural resource for indigenous Arctic communities. Polynyas also act as a potentially significant carbon sink. Three large polynyas recurrently form around northern Greenland. Paleoceanographic reconstructions of the largest, the North Water Polynya, indicate that the polynya and its associated ecosystem are extremely sensitive to rapid climatic fluctuations during the Holocene. Taking advantage of new, readily available marine sediment cores, I propose to reconstruct, for the first time, ocean circulation and sea-ice dynamics at the two main polynyas in the Greenland Sea (North East Water and Sirius Water). This action will target key climatic intervals in the early (Holocene Climatic Optimum) and late (Little Ice Age, Medieval Warm Period) Holocene and provide direct input to a fully-coupled earth system model to evaluate past and, more vitally, predict future dynamics under different greenhouse gas concentration pathways defined by the IPCC. This action provides a unique opportunity for me to learn a new proxy for Arctic paleoclimate reconstructions, skills in the applicability of paleo-data to modelling and a number of essential transferable skills such as scientific writing and mentorship, coupled with an extensive new network of expert collaborators. Through this action, I believe I can contribute to bringing this field of research forward, while gaining invaluable assets for my career development as an independent Arctic researcher. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1075/ml.8.2.02rob | Aligning mispronounced words to meaning | Many models have been proposed to account for the role that the mental lexicon plays in the initial stages of speech perception. One fundamental disparity between these models is how speech is phonologically represented in the mental lexicon. Theories range from full specification and representation of all phonological information to sparse specification. We report on two perception experiments using context independent mispronunciations (i. e. mispronunciations not governed by phonological rules) to test the predictions of the two most divergent models. Models assuming full specification and storage of all phonological information (e. g. exemplar models) predict symmetric acceptance or rejection of mispronunciations that only differ from real words in place of articulation of the medial consonant (*temor-tenor, *inage-image). Models assuming that only contrasting phonological information is stored (as in FUL) predict asymmetric patterns of acceptance, i. e. mispronunciations with medial coronal consonants will be better tolerated (*temor) than mispronunciations with medial labial or velar consonants. Results of two experiments using lexical decision with semantic priming in British English reveal an asymmetry in the acceptance of mispronunciations for coronal vs. noncoronal consonants. Both reaction time latencies as well as N400 amplitudes exhibit asymmetries, supporting the notion of abstract asymmetric lexical representation. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
W2055973684 | Diverse topologies of six coordination polymers constructed from a tris(4-imidazolylphenyl)amine ligand and different carboxylates | In this article, six new coordination polymers, namely, [Zn(Tipa)(L1)]·H2O (1), [Zn2(Tipa)(L2)(μ2-O)]·2H2O (2), [Zn2(Tipa)(L3)]·3.5H2O (3), [Mn(Tipa)(L2)]·H2O (4), [Cu4(Tipa)4(L4)2(CH3OH)2(H2O)2]·2(L4)·3(CH3OH)·8(H2O) (5), and Co3(Tipa)2(L4)3 (6), where H2L1 = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, H3L2 = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, H4L3 = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic, H2L4 = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid and Tipa = tris(4-imidazolylphenyl)amine, have been synthesized by varying the carboxylates and metals under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 shows a 2D → 3D framework with parallel polycatenation of undulated square layers (sql). Compound 2 displays a 3D 3,4-connected (5·62·82·9)(63·72·9)(73)(62·8) topology, while compound 3 reveals a 3D 3,4,6-connected (42·62·7·8)(4·6·83·10)(6·8·10)(44·52·67·7·8)(42·82·102) topology. Compound 4 shows a 2D undulate layer. Compound 5 exhibits an unprecedented 2D → 2D polyrotaxane network with (3,4)-connected (4·52)(4·53·72) topology. Interestingly, the neighboring 2D polyrotaxane sheets are sandwiched by the free L4 ligands. Compound 6 is an unusual example of a 3D 2-fold interpenetrating framework with polyrotaxane feature. The effects of the carboxylates and metals have been elucidated. The IR spectra, elemental analyses and luminescent properties for the compounds have also been investigated. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
283754 | Economics in the Public Sphere: USA, UK, France, Brazil and Argentina since 1945 | Media reporting on the economy is never far from controversy. Academic economists and the public regularly find journalists at fault in their interpretation of events and prescription of solutions. Past scholarship has sought to locate the biases of journalists in political and institutional contexts. This project takes a novel approach by studying “economic journalism” as a site for the production of public economic knowledge. The practices of journalists are examined to reveal how they parse competing claims of expertise by academic economists, other social scientists and by laymen. The second half of the twentieth century was witness to increased homogeneity in academic economics and interdependence of national economies, yet the content and style of “economic journalism” has remained distinctive across nations. This project sets out to understand how and why media representation of economic knowledge has remained distinctively different even while the content and style of economics converged internationally. The project aims to understand this differentiation by focusing on three international economic controversies: the reconstruction debate post 1945, the monetary and oil crisis of the 1970s, and the current economic crisis; across five nations: USA, UK, France, Argentina, and Brazil. It combines archival research, oral history, ethnographic observation, content and textual analysis of media, to identify media representations of economic expertise and reveal how they are shaped by historical and cultural contexts. Cultural standards of trust, the history and economics of the media, and the history of economics and social movements explain the emergence of distinct national genres of “economic journalism.” The project offers a original perspective on how public knowledge of the economy is a iterative process engaging journalists, academics and laymen and explores its implications for the possibilities of public support for economic actions and policies. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W1538377994 | Climate Change: New Dimensions in Disaster Risk, Exposure, Vulnerability, and Resilience | s from ‘Rethinking Inequalities,’ 7th Conference of the European Sociological Association, Institute of Sociology, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Poland, p. 132. Ball, N., 1975: The myth of the natural disaster. The Ecologist, 5(10), 368-369. Bankoff, G., 2001: Rendering the world safe: vulnerability as western discourse. Disasters, 25 (10), 19-35. Bankoff, G., 2004: The historical geography of disaster: “vulnerability” and “local knowledge” in western discourse. In: Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development, and People [G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, and D. Hillhorst (eds.)]. Earthscan, London, pp. 25-36. Barke, R, H. Jenkins-Smith, and P. Slovic, 1997: Risk perceptions of men and women scientists. Social Science Quarterly, 78, 167-176. Barnett, J. and S. O’Neill, 2009: Maladaptation. Global Environmental Change, 20, 211-213. Barron, E.J., 2009: Beyond climate science. Science, 326, 643. Batterbury, S., 2008: Anthropology and global warming: the need for environmental engagement. Australian Journal of Anthropology, 1, 62-67. Bedford, T.J. and R.M. Cooke, 2001: Probabilistic Risk Analysis: Foundations and Methods. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY and Cambridge, UK. Bedsworth, L.W. and E. Hanak, 2010: Adaptation to climate change: A review of challenges and tradeoffs in six areas. Journal of the American Planning Association, 76(4), 477-495. Chapter 1 Climate Change: New Dimensions in Disaster Risk, Exposure, Vulnerability, and Resilience | [
"Earth System Science",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W2112134592 | On the Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Self-efficacy Beliefs and Their Teaching Styles | Teachers are one of the most influential elements for the success of any educational system. This study investigates the relationship between two key personality factors of teachers, namely self-efficacy and teaching styles in an Iranian EFL context. For this purpose, 102 EFL teachers were selected according to available sampling from different high schools in Mashhad and Zahedan – large cities in the Northeast of Iran. The research data were collected through the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale and Teaching Styles Inventory. Analysis of the data revealed a significant relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy and their teaching styles. Also, findings indicated a significant difference in teachers’ self-efficacy with regard to their teaching styles. On the one hand, high self-efficacy was joined to some teaching styles (delegator and personal model) and on the other, low self-efficacy was connected with some other teaching styles (expert and formal authority). The results of the present study have implications for teacher education programs. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1177/1081286517699991 | Rigorous Derivation Of Active Plate Models For Thin Sheets Of Nematic Elastomers | In the context of finite elasticity, we propose plate models describing the spontaneous bending of nematic elastomer thin films due to variations along the thickness of the nematic order parameters. . . | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
interreg_602 | ALTRUISTIC ENTREPRENEUR, CE Sustainable model to support social entrepreneurship | Proposed project starts with assumption of existence of certain percentage of successful entrepreneurs in CE, who are genuinely altruistic and would like to offer their resources (funds, work and knowledge), to social entrepreneurs, who are still lacking long-term and holistic support.We named socially responsible entrepreneurs: altruistic entrepreneurs
Project innovativeness is in mobilization of altruistic entrepreneurs willingness to support social innovation and social entrepreneurship and in streaming it, into self-sustainable framework. Consequently, both key target groups will reach their goals, by cooperating together. Supporting framework will work on three layers:
1.) Social business support will be achieved through physical-virtual matching: altruistic entrepreneurs association, label and seven platform tools: match-making, lunch-surfing, ethical value awards, mentoring, volunteering, employment of disadvantaged groups (including migrants) and transnational upscaling of social innovations (WPT2).
2.) Capacity building of social entrepreneurs and social innovators will be established by coaching sessions, workshops, web-meetings and round tables, tackling the weakest knowledge topics: innovation process, fundraising, managing risk, employment, ICT and communication (WPT3).
3.) Capitalization and transnational upscaling will be achieved with building sustainable framework model, guidelines and policy recommendations, as well as, with development and assessment of innovative indicators and method for measuring impact of social entrepreneurship.
Project ambition is to change current situation of social entrepreneurship depending mainly on public funds, to model, where successful private entrepreneurs will have supporting role. The result will be triple-win situation: entrepreneurs will get organized system to provide support, social entrepreneurs will get system to receive support and governments will save a bit of funds. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W1519705490 | Numerical and experimental investigations on a metallic fuselage model with apertures | In this paper the coupling of fields into the interior of a cylindrical metallic cavity with apertures is investigated, both numerically and experimentally. The question arises whether and to what extent the internal field distribution can be determined in a method of moments (MoM) based simulation. It is known from literature that the classical electric field integral equation (EFIE) approach is not able to provide a zero field inside a completely closed body. Hence the in-coupled fields may become distorted by the superposition of spurious solutions also in the presence of small apertures. It will be demonstrated that an integral equation approach which is based on two different electric current layers provides solutions which are in a good agreement with measured results. The obtained results are interpreted with respect to EMC requirements in aircraft. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1002/pssr.202000159 | 4D Optically Reconfigurable Volumetric Metamaterials | Metamaterials are artificially created media, which allow introducing additional degrees of freedom into electromagnetic design by controlling constitutive material parameters. Reconfigurable time-dependent metamaterials can further enlarge those capabilities by introducing a temporal variable as an additional controllable parameter. Herein, a first-of-its-kind reconfigurable volumetric metamaterial-based scatterer is demonstrated, wherein the electromagnetic properties are controlled dynamically with light. In particular, hybridized resonances in arrays of split ring resonators give rise to a collective mode that presents properties of artificial high-frequency magnetism for centimeter waves. Resonant behavior of each individual ring is controlled with a photocurrent, which allows the fast tuning of macroscopic effective permeability. Thus, the artificial gigahertz magnon resonant excitation within a subwavelength spherical scatterer is governed by light intensity. 4D control over electromagnetic scattering in both space and time opens new avenues for modern applications, including wireless communications and automotive radars to name just a few. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0109438 | Effects of secondary metabolite extract from Phomopsis occultaon β-amyloid aggregation | Inhibition of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation is an attractive therapeutic and preventive strategy for the discovery of disease-modifying agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Phomopsis occulta is a new, salt-tolerant fungus isolated from mangrove Pongamia pinnata (L. ) Pierre. We report here the inhibitory effects of secondary metabolites from Ph. occulta on the aggregation of Aβ42. It was found that mycelia extracts (MEs) from Ph. occulta cultured with 0, 2, and 3 M NaCl exhibited inhibitory activity in an E. coli model of Aβ aggregation. A water-soluble fraction, ME0-W-F1, composed of mainly small peptides, was able to reduce aggregation of an Ab42-EGFP fusion protein and an early onset familial mutation Aβ42E22G-mCherry fusion protein in transfected HEK293 cells. ME0-W-F1 also antagonized the cytotoxicity of Aβ42 in the neural cell line SH-SY5Y in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SDS-PAGE and FT-IR analysis confirmed an inhibitory effect of ME0-W-F1 on the aggregation of Aβ42 in vitro. ME0-W-F1 blocked the conformational transition of Aβ42 from α-helix/random coil to β-sheet, and thereby inhibited formation of Aβ42 tetramers and high molecular weight oligomers. ME0-W-F1 and other water-soluble secondary metabolites from Ph. occulta therefore represent new candidate natural products against aggregation of Aβ42, and illustrate the potential of salt tolerant fungi from mangrove as resources for the treatment of AD and other diseases. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.113.000828 | Chronic Akt1 Deficiency Attenuates Adverse Remodeling And Enhances Angiogenesis After Myocardial Infarction | Background— Akt1 is a key signaling molecule in multiple cell types, including endothelial cells. Accordingly, Akt1 was proposed as a therapeutic target for ischemic injury in the context of myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to use multimodal in vivo imaging to investigate the impact of systemic Akt1 deficiency on cardiac function and angiogenesis before and after MI. Methods and Results— In vivo cardiac MRI was performed before and at days 1, 8, 15, and 29 to 30 after MI induction for wild-type, heterozygous, and Akt1-deficient mice. Noninfarcted hearts were imaged using ex vivo stereomicroscopy and microcomputed tomography. Histological examination was performed for noninfarcted hearts and for hearts at days 8 and 29 to 30 after MI. MRI revealed mildly decreased baseline cardiac function in Akt1 null mice, whereas ex vivo stereomicroscopy and microcomputed tomography revealed substantially reduced coronary macrovasculature. After MI, Akt1–/– mice demonstrated significantly attenuated ventricular remodeling and a smaller decrease in ejection fraction. At 8 days after MI, a larger functional capillary network at the remote and border zone, accompanied by reduced scar extension, preserved cardiac function, and enhanced border zone wall thickening, was observed in Akt1–/– mice when compared with littermate controls. Conclusions— Using multimodal imaging to probe the role of Akt1 in cardiac function and remodeling after MI, this study revealed reduced adverse remodeling in Akt1-deficient mice after MI. Augmented myocardial angiogenesis coupled with a more functional myocardial capillary network may facilitate revascularization and therefore be responsible for preservation of infarcted myocardium. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP07(2014)068 | Next To Eikonal Corrections In The Cgc Gluon Production And Spin Asymmetries In Pa Collisions | We present a new method to systematically include corrections to the eikonal approximation in the background field formalism. Specifically, we calculate the subleading, power-suppressed corrections due to the finite width of the target or the finite energy of the projectile. Such power-suppressed corrections involve Wilson lines decorated by gradients of the background field - thus related to the density - of the target. The method is of generic applicability. As a first example, we study single inclusive gluon production in pA collisions, and various related spin asymmetries, beyond the eikonal accuracy. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1063/1.4793402 | Influence Of Gold Coating And Interplate Voltage On The Performance Of Chevron Micro Channel Plates For Temporally And Spatially Resolved Single Particle Detection | We present a study of two different sets of Micro-Channel Plates used for time and space resolved single particle detection. We investigate the effects of the gold coating and that of introducing an interplate voltage between the spatially separated plates. We find that the gold coating increases the count rate of the detector and the pulse amplitude as previously reported for non-spatially resolved setups. The interplate voltage also increases count rates. In addition, we find that a non-zero interplate voltage improves the spatial accuracy in determining the arrival position of incoming single particles (by ∼20%) while the gold coating has a negative effect (by ∼30%). | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1543775861 | Model-Driven Retail Information System Based on REA Business Ontology and Retail-H | Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are often cumbersome to customize to a client's needs. Model-driven approaches promise to simplify these attempts. In this work we present an ERP prototype based on the Resource-Event-Agent (REA) business ontology that follows a model-at-runtime approach: one may customize the ERP system during runtime by changing the underlying REA models. We are using Retail-H as the reference framework for building a retail information system(RIS). Our main contribution is the prototypical implementation of a domain agnostic REA engine that can be loaded at runtime with domain specific business models -- these models can further be manipulated at runtime. On that basis we have exemplarily modeled main concepts of Retail-H in REA. Validation of the implemented components is realized by applying real business activities and requirements received from our partner, a business software solution provider. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkw1330 | Cytosine methylation at CpCpG sites triggers accumulation of non-CpG methylation in gene bodies | Methylation of cytosine is an epigenetic mark involved in the regulation of transcription, usually associated with transcriptional repression. In mammals, methylated cytosines are found predominantly in CpGs but in plants non-CpG methylation (in the CpHpG or CpHpH contexts, where H is A, C or T) is also present and is associated with the transcriptional silencing of transposable elements. In addition, CpG methylation is found in coding regions of active genes. In the absence of the demethylase of lysine 9 of histone 3 (IBM1), a subset of body-methylated genes acquires non-CpG methylation. This was shown to alter their expression and affect plant development. It is not clear why only certain body-methylated genes gain non-CpG methylation in the absence of IBM1 and others do not. Here we describe a link between CpG methylation and the establishment of methylation in the CpHpG context that explains the two classes of body-methylated genes. We provide evidence that external cytosines of CpCpG sites can only be methylated when internal cytosines are methylated. CpCpG sites methylated in both cytosines promote spreading of methylation in the CpHpG context in genes protected by IBM1. In contrast, CpCpG sites remain unmethylated in IBM1-independent genes and do not promote spread of CpHpG methylation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
AU 2013/245001 A | Food processor | The invention relates to a food processor (1) having a standing surface (2) at the bottom, having a rear side (6) and having a front side (5), wherein the front side (5), starting from the highest location of the food processor (1), which is assigned to the rear side (6), is formed obliquely in relation to a vertical and contains a holder (7) for a cooking vessel (8), wherein, furthermore, freely projecting rod parts (17) are formed in an upper region of the food processor (1), wherein the front ends (20) of the rod parts (17) are arranged on the same horizontal plane (E') and are set back in respect of a furthest-forward-projecting extent in relation to the rear side (6) of the food processor (1). In order for advantageous handling to be improved further, it is proposed that the set-back amount (f) should correspond to 25% to 50% of the largest extent (t) of the food processor (1) as seen in the depthwise direction in the standing-surface region (2) of the food processor (1), wherein the amount (f), at the same time, corresponds to approximately half the horizontal distance (d) between the longitudinal centre axes (y) of the rod parts (17), wherein, furthermore, the contour of the front side (5) is always rounded in the region of the rod parts (17). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
EP 03010374 A | Scroll type compressor | A scroll type compressor includes a housing, a movable scroll member, a plurality of compression chambers, a discharge port, a communication passage and a relief valve. The communication passage interconnects each intermediate compression chamber with the discharge port. The communication passage has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion extends from the first intermediate compression chamber and the second portion extends from the second intermediate compression chamber. The first portion and the second portion meet at a meeting point on the way in the communication passage before reaching the discharge port. The relief valve is placed between the meeting point and the discharge port inclusive of the meeting point in the communication passage. The relief valve opens the communication passage when the pressure in the first and the second intermediate pressure chambers is higher than the pressure in the discharge port. <IMAGE>A scroll type compressor includes a housing, a movable scroll member, a plurality of compression chambers, a discharge port, a communication passage and a relief valve. The communication passage interconnects each intermediate compression chamber with the discharge port. The communication passage has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion extends from the first intermediate compression chamber and the second portion extends from the second intermediate compression chamber. The first portion and the second portion meet at a meeting point on the way in the communication passage before reaching the discharge port. The relief valve is placed between the meeting point and the discharge port inclusive of the meeting point in the communication passage. The relief valve opens the communication passage when the pressure in the first and the second intermediate pressure chambers is higher than the pressure in the discharge port. <IMAGE> | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-662-53536-3_18 | On Edge Intersection Graphs Of Paths With 2 Bends | An EPG-representation of a graph G is a collection of paths in a grid, each corresponding to a single vertex of G, so that two vertices are adjacent if and only if their corresponding paths share infinitely many points. In this paper we focus on graphs admitting EPG-representations by paths with at most 2 bends. We show hardness of the recognition problem for this class of graphs, along with some subclasses. We also initiate the study of graphs representable by unaligned polylines, and by polylines, whose every segment is parallel to one of prescribed slopes. We show hardness of recognition and explore the trade-off between the number of bends and the number of slopes. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.cell.2011.01.008 | Structural basis of the 9-fold symmetry of centrioles | The centriole, and the related basal body, is an ancient organelle characterized by a universal 9-fold radial symmetry and is critical for generating cilia, flagella, and centrosomes. The mechanisms directing centriole formation are incompletely understood and represent a fundamental open question in biology. Here, we demonstrate that the centriolar protein SAS-6 forms rod-shaped homodimers that interact through their N-terminal domains to form oligomers. We establish that such oligomerization is essential for centriole formation in C. elegans and human cells. We further generate a structural model of the related protein Bld12p from C. reinhardtii, in which nine homodimers assemble into a ring from which nine coiled-coil rods radiate outward. Moreover, we demonstrate that recombinant Bld12p self-assembles into structures akin to the central hub of the cartwheel, which serves as a scaffold for centriole formation. Overall, our findings establish a structural basis for the universal 9-fold symmetry of centrioles. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
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