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10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.086 | SPATA2-Mediated Binding of CYLD to HOIP Enables CYLD Recruitment to Signaling Complexes | Recruitment of the deubiquitinase CYLD to signaling complexes is mediated by its interaction with HOIP, the catalytically active component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC). Here, we identify SPATA2 as a constitutive direct binding partner of HOIP that bridges the interaction between CYLD and HOIP. SPATA2 recruitment to TNFR1- and NOD2-signaling complexes is dependent on HOIP, and loss of SPATA2 abolishes CYLD recruitment. Deficiency in SPATA2 exerts limited effects on gene activation pathways but diminishes necroptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), resembling loss of CYLD. In summary, we describe SPATA2 as a previously unrecognized factor in LUBAC-dependent signaling pathways that serves as an adaptor between HOIP and CYLD, thereby enabling recruitment of CYLD to signaling complexes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W2280788918 | Germinação in vitro e criopreservação de sementes de Zinnia elegans | Zinnia elegans Jacquim is a species of big cutting and ornamental potential, but its seeds have low germination percentage. This study aimed to establish a protocol for in vitro germination and water content for the cryopreservation of seeds. The length, width, thickness, and weight of one thousand seeds were determined. MS and WPM culture mediums, as well as the concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) were tested regarding in vitro culture. For cryopreservation, the seeds were subjected to drying on silica gel or laminar flow for different times. Then, the seeds were stored in liquid nitrogen (-196° C) for 24 hours. After this period, the seeds were thawed and inoculated into culture medium. The biometric results of seeds showed 8.6 mm average length, 4 mm width, and 0.9 mm thickness. The weight of one thousand seeds was 851 mg, characterizing them as small, lightweight, and easy to disperse. The use of MS medium with no addition of GA3 enhanced germination (67%). The initial moisture content of Z. elegans seeds was 9%. Seeds subjected up to 2 hours of drying in both treatments obtained 23% germination in silica gel and 19% in laminar flow. Z. elegans seeds may be desiccated by 4% moisture content and cryopreserved with no loss of germination potential. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1111/ecog.02192 | Finding needles in the haystack: where to look for rare species in the American tropics | Tropical America (the Neotropics) harbours more plant species than any other region on Earth. The contribution of rare species to this diversity has been recently recognised, but their spatial distribution remains poorly understood. Here, we use all collection records of angiosperms from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility to delineate Neotropical bioregions, and to identify putatively rare species within the Neotropics and the Amazonian rainforest. We analyse the spatial distribution of these species and validate the results on a largely independent dataset based on vegetation plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network. We find that rare species are homogeneously distributed through most parts of the lowland Neotropics and Amazonia, but more concentrated in highlands. The second collection of any rare species is most often found in the close vicinity of the first, but in 20% of cases they are more than 580 km apart. We also find cross-taxonomic patterns of disjunct distributions within the Andes, the Atlantic forest in eastern Brazil, and between Amazonia and the Atlantic forest, but no clear disjunction patterns within lowland areas. These results suggest that a considerable proportion of rare plant species have surprisingly large distribution ranges, and that collections of rare species across most of the lowland Neotropics, and in particular in Amazonia, show no clear directionality. The second record of many rare species may be found virtually anywhere, urging the need for intensifying and broadening biological sampling. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
338912 | Selective Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation: A Wellspring of Untapped Reactivity | The creation of new molecular entities and subsequent exploitation of their properties is central to a broad spectrum of research disciplines from medicine to materials. Most –if not all- of the efforts of organic chemists were directed to the development of creative strategies to built carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds in a predictable and efficient manner. But is the creation of new bonds the only approach that organic chemistry should follow? Could we design the synthesis of challenging molecular skeleton no more through the construction of carbon-carbon bonds but rather through selective cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds (C-C bond activation)? The goal of this work is to develop powerful synthetic approaches for the selective C-C bond activation and demonstrate that it has the potential to be a general principle in organic synthesis for the regio-, diastereo- and even enantiomerically enriched preparation of adducts despite that C-C single bonds belong among the least reactive functional groups in chemistry. The realization of this synthetic potential requires the ability to functionalize selectively one C-C bond in compounds containing many such bonds and an array of functional groups. This site selective C-C bond activation is one of the greatest challenges that must be met to be used widely in complex-molecular synthesis. To emphasize the practicality of C-C bond activation, we will prepare in a single-pot operation challenging molecular framework possessing various stereogenic centers from very simple starting materials through selective C-C bond activation. Ideally, alkenes will be in-situ transformed into alkanes that will subsequently undergo the C-C activation even in the presence of functional group. This work will lead to ground-breaking advances when non-strained cycloalkanes (cyclopentane, cyclohexane) will undergo this smooth C-C bond activation with friendly and non toxic organometallic species. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.4171/JEMS/639 | Balanced Viscosity Bv Solutions To Infinite Dimensional Rate Independent Systems | Balanced Viscosity solutions to rate-independent systems arise as limits of regularized rate-independent flows by adding a superlinear vanishing-viscosity dissipation. We address the main issue of proving the existence of such limits for infinite-dimensional systems and of characterizing them by a couple of variational properties that combine a local stability condition and a balanced energy-dissipation identity. A careful description of the jump behavior of the solutions, of their differentiability properties, and of their equivalent representation by time rescaling is also presented. Our techniques rely on a suitable chain-rule inequality for functions of bounded variation in Banach spaces, on refined lower semicontinuity-compactness arguments, and on new BV-estimates that are of independent interest. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.5194/acp-15-5123-2015 | Influence of isoprene chemical mechanism on modelled changes in tropospheric ozone due to climate and land use over the 21st century | Isoprene is a precursor to tropospheric ozone, a key pollutant and greenhouse gas. Anthropogenic activity over the coming century is likely to cause large changes in atmospheric CO2 levels, climate and land use, all of which will alter the global vegetation distribution leading to changes in isoprene emissions. Previous studies have used global chemistry-climate models to assess how possible changes in climate and land use could affect isoprene emissions and hence tropospheric ozone. The chemistry of isoprene oxidation, which can alter the concentration of ozone, is highly complex, therefore it must be parameterised in these models. In this work, we compare the effect of four different reduced isoprene chemical mechanisms, all currently used in Earth system models, on tropospheric ozone. Using a box model we compare ozone in these reduced schemes to that in a more explicit scheme (the Master Chemical Mechanism) over a range of NOx and isoprene emissions, through the use of O3 isopleths. We find that there is some variability, especially at high isoprene emissions, caused by differences in isoprene-derived NOx reservoir species. A global model is then used to examine how the different reduced schemes respond to potential future changes in climate, isoprene emissions, anthropogenic emissions and land use change. We find that, particularly in isoprene-rich regions, the response of the schemes varies considerably. The wide-ranging response is due to differences in the model descriptions of the peroxy radical chemistry, particularly their relative rates of reaction towards NO, leading to ozone formation, or HO2, leading to termination. Also important is the yield of isoprene nitrates and peroxyacyl nitrate precursors from isoprene oxidation. Those schemes that produce less of these NOx reservoir species, tend to produce more ozone locally and less away from the source region. We also note changes in other key oxidants such as NO3 and OH (due to the inclusion of additional isoprene-derived HOx recycling pathways). These have implications for secondary organic aerosol formation, as does the inclusion of an epoxide formation pathway in one of the mechanisms. By combining the emissions and O3 data from all of the global model integrations, we are able to construct isopleth plots comparable to those from the box model analysis. We find that the global and box model isopleths show good qualitative agreement, suggesting that comparing chemical mechanisms with a box model in this framework is a useful tool for assessing mechanistic performance in complex global models. We conclude that as the choice of reduced isoprene mechanism may alter both the magnitude and sign of the ozone response, how isoprene chemistry is parameterised in perturbation experiments such as these is a crucially important consideration. More measurements and laboratory studies are needed to validate these reduced mechanisms especially under high-volatile-organiccompound, low-NOx conditions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2289920616 | Evidence-based Practice Unites Us: A Framework for Interdisciplinary Training and Practice | Most individuals with disabilities exhibit therapeutic needs in a variety of domains such as communication, education, and motor skills. Although traditionally human services have been provided in isolation, interdisciplinary services to address a variety of therapeutic domains have been gaining traction. Given this recent shift toward interdisciplinary service delivery, it is necessary that pre-service professionals receive effective training in interdisciplinary collaboration. One of the major goals of evidence-based practice is to narrow the research to practice gap, ensuring that practitioners have access to and use the best available research when making clinical decisions. Another goal is to ensure effectiveness of treatments by considering the client’s specific characteristics, values, and preferences to enhance the impact of the treatment. Nearly all human service professions ascribe to evidence-based practice and require practitioners to maintain contact with relevant treatment research and adapt and modify treatments using one’s own clinical expertise, professional judgment and the knowledge of the client. An underutilized benefit of evidence-based practice is fact that the major tenants are consistent across most human service disciplines. In this paper, we present a brief overview of evidence-based practice from the perspective of a variety of human service disciplines whose practitioners commonly work collaboratively on interdisciplinary teams. Given there is striking overlap between each discipline’s evidence-based practice definition and activities, an evidence-based practice framework has the potential to unite professionals from different disciplines and guide the training of interdisciplinary professionals. The use of a common framework such as evidence-based practice can offer practitioners increased access to shared knowledge that should ultimately improve the effectiveness of interdisciplinary services for individuals with disabilities. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
interreg_2152 | INtelligents MAterials | The smart materials here called MAIN, that is the set of -cool roof-� and -cool pavement-� solutions to reduce summer overheating of urban areas caused by sun radiation, are scarcely used due to different motivations or alibis. The project is aimed at intervening in any chain cycle for the use of MAIN. The systemic model MAIN will be implemented in several types of zones: the seaside, plain lands, hinterlands, hills, and also mountains, in order to verify its efficiency and profitability. The project will start with an awareness campaign for citizens, families, schools, technicians, firms. These audiences need to know the MAIN, their costs, their quality/price/impacts on the environment relationships, their certifications and assurances, the available aids. The project will charge the effects of the economic crisis, by creating Territorial Island platforms aimed at promoting knowledge, marketing and use of MAIN by target audiences and users. Each island will be organized and supported by Partners, with participation of elected representatives, public officials, firms, chambers of commerce, research institutes, universities, awarding bodies, insurances. Workshops and training will be provided to elected representatives and policymakers to define with them policies and standards relevant even in this time of crisis. Workshops and training are foreseen for public officials, architects, engineers, craftsmen, business. Short courses and professional references will be organized in order to diffuse advanced skills for the implementation of MAIN. The list of participants to training will be included on the website MAIN and disseminated. A list of MAIN and their purchase and implementation costs will be published on the Web. Territorial agreements with companies that produce MAIN will be considered. Pilot actions are planned for cool roofs, cool pavements, eco-materials, MAIN certifications. The university UNIMORE, via its laboratory EELab, will take care of the analysis of MAIN used in the Islands and will issue a certification for each MAIN. Partners are in contact with the public bodies responsible for development of the regulatory framework. The university UNIMORE will also issue a quality label for cool roofs and cool pavements produced by artisans and firms participating in training for the implementation of MAIN. Significant actions to producers of MAIN are performed, thus favoring a pricing policy accessible to families and citizens. The project will use an e-learning platform on the Web, a collaborative tool, and will implement a horizontal and vertical mainstreaming for the evaluation, funding and dissemination of good practices. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1088/1748-9326/ab0db3 | Land use change impacts on European heat and drought: Remote land-atmosphere feedbacks mitigated locally by shallow groundwater | Heat and drought are projected to increase globally but may be mitigated or exacerbated by land use/land cover (LULC) change. Here, we show that remote land-atmosphere feedbacks caused by historical European LULC change led to widespread changes in the energy and water balances, drought, and heat. Using a continental-scale bedrock-to-atmosphere model, we find that LULC change following the Soviet Union collapse and European Union formation may have substantially increased cloud cover and decreased incoming shortwave radiation in western Europe, even in locations where LULC did not change. These changes to the water and energy balances had spatially heterogeneous impacts on drought and heat, including drying in the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe regions. The response of the water and energy balances to remote feedbacks was lessened in areas with shallow groundwater, indicating that local- and continental-scale responses to LULC change are influenced by the coupling between the subsurface, land surface, and atmosphere. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
340755 | 10/66 ten years on – monitoring and improving health expectancy by targeting frailty among older people in middle income countries | Population ageing and the transition from infectious to chronic diseases is occurring more rapidly in middle than it did in high income countries. Chronic diseases are already leading causes of death in all regions, but the focus on preventing premature mortality neglects the societal impact of the emerging epidemic on disability/dependence, particularly in older people. The PIs 12 year program of population research in Latin America, China and India provides uniquely detailed data on the extent, patterning and impact of the epidemic among older people in societies undergoing profound demographic, social and economic change. The focus for this project is the potential to modify trajectories of ageing through prevention and targeted intervention. Whether, in ageing societies, we can add ‘life to years’ as well as ‘years to life’ is an unresolved question.
The project will delineate secular trends (2005-2015) in the health of older people by completing a third prevalence wave survey in catchment areas previously surveyed in 2004-2006 and 2007-2009. Health expectancies (HE), summarising effects of morbidity and mortality, provide evidence of direct policy-relevance on the impact of population ageing on health. Inequalities in HE (disability-free and dependence-free life expectancies) will be evaluated within and between countries. Multistate analyses will assess their determinants, unpacking influences of socioeconomic position, chronic disease and underlying frailty on incidence of disability and care-dependence, recovery and mortality, thus identifying priorities for prevention and intervention. Knowledge from the population research will be translated during the project into development of a simple practice-based multidimensional risk assessment tool, which could then be linked to implementation of a new WHO guideline (co-developed by the PI) for prevention/management of care dependence in frail older people in resource poor settings. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1080/2162402X.2017.1408749 | Virus Like Particle Display Of Her2 Induces Potent Anti Cancer Responses | Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) occurs in 20-30% of invasive breast cancers. Monoclonal antibody therapy is effective in treating HER2-driven mammary carcinomas, but its utility is limited by high costs, side effects and development of resistance. Active vaccination may represent a safer, more effective and cheaper alternative, although the induction of strong and durable autoantibody responses is hampered by immune-tolerogenic mechanisms. Using a novel virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccine platform we show that directional, high-density display of human HER2 on the surface of VLPs, allows induction of therapeutically potent anti-HER2 autoantibody responses. Prophylactic vaccination reduced spontaneous development of mammary carcinomas by 50%-100% in human HER2 transgenic mice and inhibited the growth of HER2-positive tumors implanted in wild-type mice. The HER2-VLP vaccine shows promise as a new cost-effective modality for prevention and treatment of HER2-positive cancer. The VLP platform may represent an effective tool for development of vaccines against other non-communicable diseases. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.15252/embj.201696253 | Casein kinase 1-epsilon or 1-delta required for Wnt-mediated intestinal stem cell maintenance | The intestinal epithelium holds an immense regenerative capacity mobilized by intestinal stem cells (ISCs), much of it supported by Wnt pathway activation. Several unique regulatory mechanisms ensuring optimal levels of Wnt signaling have been recognized in ISCs. Here, we identify another Wnt signaling amplifier, CKIε, which is specifically upregulated in ISCs and is essential for ISC maintenance, especially in the absence of its close isoform CKIδ. Co-ablation of CKIδ/ε in the mouse gut epithelium results in rapid ISC elimination, with subsequent growth arrest, crypt–villous shrinking, and rapid mouse death. Unexpectedly, Wnt activation is preserved in all CKIδ/ε-deficient enterocyte populations, with the exception of Lgr5+ ISCs, which exhibit Dvl2-dependent Wnt signaling attenuation. CKIδ/ε-depleted gut organoids cease proliferating and die rapidly, yet survive and resume self-renewal upon reconstitution of Dvl2 expression. Our study underscores a unique regulation mode of the Wnt pathway in ISCs, possibly providing new means of stem cell enrichment for regenerative medicine. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
interreg_1676 | INFOTECH TO EXTEND – INFOrmation TECHnologies to EXTEND Regional Development | The project promotes the Information Society (IS) implementation by fostering the direct involvement of the Regional/Local Institutions for favouring the ICT services diffusion particularly in less advanced areas as well as in SMEs which are slower than the Large Enterprises in adopting the ICT innovative models (geographical and dimensional divide). In addition to a large know-how transfer of managerial and technical skills in ICT, the project develops three main activities by: ·offering to the regional/ local administrations structured inputs in order to prepare their actions plans, processes and organization for the IS implementation; ·supporting the transnational cooperation of SMEs driven by the e-business model adoption ·preparing innovative projects based on public-private cooperation in a transnational dimension and suitable to attract investments and create new employment particularly in underdeveloped areas. The implementation and experimental operation of an Information and Assistance Centre (IAC) for ICT adoption and transnational cooperation will be implemented as a Pilot Project. The project will be deployed in 13 Regions of 7 CADSES Countries by 3 groups of Partners: i) 6 Regional/Local Institutions; ii) 6 Knowledge Centres (Universities, Research Centres); iii) 4 Regional/Local Institutions for territorial development. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1096/fj.12-205526 | Transposon-mediated transgenesis, transgenic rescue, and tissue-specific gene expression in rodents and rabbits | Germline transgenesis is an important procedure for functional investigation of biological pathways, as well as for animal biotechnology. We have established a simple, nonviral protocol in three important biomedical model organisms frequently used in physiological studies. The protocol is based on the hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposon system, SB100X, which reproducibly promoted generation of transgenic founders at frequencies of 50-64, 14-72, and 15% in mice, rats, and rabbits, respectively. The SB100X-mediated transgene integrations are less prone to genetic mosaicism and gene silencing as compared to either the classical pronuclear injection or to lentivirus-mediated transgenesis. The method was successfully applied to a variety of transgenes and animal models, and can be used to generate founders with single-copy integrations. The transposon vector also allows the generation of transgenic lines with tissue-specific expression patterns specified by promoter elements of choice, exemplified by a rat reporter strain useful for tracking serotonergic neurons. As a proof of principle, we rescued an inborn genetic defect in the fawn-hooded hypertensive rat by SB100X transgenesis. A side-by-side comparison of the SB100X- and piggyBac-based protocols revealed that the two systems are complementary, offering new opportunities in genome manipulation. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
883998 | A unique and innovative cleanliness test bench that allows to increase test efficiency and reduce costs for cleanliness assessment of hydraulic, automotive and aeronautic components and systems | Most of the wear and fatigue problems suffered by hydraulic systems are caused by solid contaminants, usually generated during the manufacturing process of the components. These particles have a big impact in the reliability and life expectancy of the hydraulic systems, as well as in their efficiency and in their overall energy consumption. The state-of-the-art solutions for cleanliness evaluation need, at least, a contaminant extraction system, a drying oven and a microscope, all of it installed in a clean-room laboratory and operated by skilled technicians. Apart from complex, this is scarcely effective and very costly. OilSafe is an Italian SME funded in 1998. CLEAN CABINET is our disruptive solution for cleanliness testing. It integrates all the previously mentioned processes in a single and fully automated device, from the extraction to the image analysis. Our solution doesn’t need a laboratory, can be readily integrated in manufacturing lines and no skilled operators are needed. It is more efficient and is fully compliant with ISO16232. Moreover, the results are obtained much faster and the tests result, at least, four times cheaper. Its use will have a big impact in the quality of the hydraulic systems because it enables to perform more tests at lower cost. Initially, the target sectors will be machinery (construction, agriculture, etc.) automotive and aeronautic, although applications can be encountered in many sectors. A first prototype is already working with very good results. The goals of the project are to integrate the image analysis module and some additional features in a new prototype before launching it to the market and to develop the commercial network needed to sell it, first in Italy and then in the rest of Europe. The project will last 2 years with an estimated budget of 2,5M€. We expect to sell more than 500 units during the fifth year after the completion of the project, for a ROI of 7.8, and we foresee to create 18 new jobs in OilSafe | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
759346 | GLOBAL LITERARY THEORY | Literary theory is often regarded as a twentieth century invention, with no precedents prior to modernity. This relegates older discourses on literature to the status of source material, pertaining to literature’s past, rather than as springboards for literature’s future. While the self-understanding of literary theory’s modernity helped to bring about the discipline’s birth, and hence was innovative in its own time, at present it accounts for many gaps and limits within its current structure, whereby European aesthetic categories remain normative and lesser-known geographies are marginalized within synthetic accounts of literary form. Even when the literatures studied are non-European, the literary theory used to understand these texts often circulates within a restricted set of modern European traditions.
A more pluralistic approach to literary knowledge that takes account of the radically different temporalities in the genesis of literary form across different literary traditions, and which explores the different meanings of literature across varying historical and cultural contexts, will reinvigorate the discipline of literary studies with new understandings of the capacity of critique, new views of the role of aesthetic judgment and its ontological foundations, and new ways of imagining the status of literature—poetry in particular—in the public sphere. Through four case studies of Arabic, Persian, Turkic, and Georgian literary theory in the Islamic world (especially the Caucasus), we will produce co-authored articles, individual monographs, and a cumulative anthology of key contributions to literary theory from the Islamic world. Moving beyond the parameters of modernity itself, GlobalLIT seeks to invigorate the discipline of literary studies with new answers to ancient questions. While some of our texts have been studied before, most have not been the subject of sustained scholarly research, and have never before been placed into systematic comparison. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W2040143310 | Phase II trial of continuous once-daily dosing of sunitinib as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma | Sunitinib at 50 mg/day on the 4-weeks-on-2-weeks-off schedule is the current approved regimen for advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Escudier et al reported that continuous, once-daily dosing with sunitinib 37.5 mg had a manageable safety profile and significant antitumor activity as second-line mRCC therapy. In this prospective, multicenter, phase II study, we evaluated the activity of continuous once-daily dosing with sunitinib 37.5 mg as first-line mRCC treatment.One hundred nineteen treatment-naive patients with measurable mRCC received sunitinib. The primary endpoint was objective response; secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), safety, pharmacokinetic measurements, exploration of response biomarkers, and patient reported outcomes (PRO).Objective response rate (ORR) was 35.3%; median response duration was 10.4 months; 36% of patients had stable disease ≥12 weeks. Median PFS at 1 year was 9 months, and 1-year survival probability was 67.8%. The most common any-grade treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (50%) and hand-foot syndrome (43%); the most common grade 3-4 treatment-related AEs were hand-foot syndrome (13%), neutropenia (11%), and diarrhea (9%). Steady-state pharmacokinetics were reached within 3 weeks, with no disproportionate accumulation of sunitinib or its active metabolite throughout the study. No significant correlations between trough drug, active metabolite, or soluble protein levels and clinical response were observed. PRO was largely maintained, although fatigue appeared to worsen after treatment started, with improvement over time.Continuous once-daily dosing with sunitinib 37.5 mg was active with a manageable safety profile as first-line mRCC therapy, making this a feasible alternative dosing regimen. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
219699 | Innovative training in methods for future data | IMforFUTURE is an innovative multidisciplinary and intersectoral research training programme which addresses current shortcomings in omics research. We aim to open the new research horizon in integration of genetics, glycomics, and epigenomics datasets into systems biology by developing innovative methods for high throughput omics and for integrative analysis of omics data. We focus on ageing, which is the biggest single risk factor for many diseases. By application of our novel methods to emerging datasets representing inflammation and immunology, IMforFUTURE will contribute to understanding of the underlying biological processes involved in diseases and ageing.
To be successful in future multidisciplinary environments in Academia or Industry, ESRs need to be able to act as bridge between several diverse disciplines. Our ESRs need to overview all steps from data production via data analysis to data interpretation. In our consortium 7 academic and 4 industrial partners - experimental and theoretical - participate in research and training via teaching, offering secondments and hosting ESRs. We offer courses in high throughput methodology, genomics and statistics. Secondments will be to partners with complementary disciplines and intersectoral. Emphasis will be data management, data stewardship, entrepreneurship, and complementary skills. Interdisciplinary collaborations among ESRs will be stimulated by working on the same studies, in which new data will be generated, integrated with other datasets, analyzed with novel methods and interpreted. At the end of the project the ESRs will present and discuss their research in an integrated workshop. Our ESRs will be ready and equipped for new-generation multidisciplinary researchers. They will significantly contribute to omics research in relationship to human disease and health and knowledge translation. A conference to disseminate our work to researchers in Academia and Industry, and to stakeholders will be organized. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.85.134422 | Mapping spin-polarized transitions with atomic resolution | The coupling of angstrom-sized electron probes with spin-polarized electronic transitions shows that the inelastically scattered probe electron is in a mixed state containing electron vortices with nonzero orbital angular momentum. These electrons create an asymmetric intensity distribution in energy filtered diffraction patterns, giving access to maps of the magnetic moments with atomic resolution. A feasibility experiment shows evidence of the predicted effect. Potential applications are column-by-column maps of magnetic ordering, and the creation of angstrom-sized free electrons with orbital angular momentum by inelastic scattering in a thin ferromagnetic foil. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.3758/s13420-019-00402-8 | No evidence that footedness in pheasants influences cognitive performance in tasks assessing colour discrimination and spatial ability | The differential specialization of each side of the brain facilitates the parallel processing of information and has been documented in a wide range of animals. Animals that are more lateralized as indicated by consistent preferential limb use are commonly reported to exhibit superior cognitive ability as well as other behavioural advantages. We assayed the lateralization of 135 young pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), indicated by their footedness in a spontaneous stepping task, and related this measure to individual performance in either 3 assays of visual or spatial learning and memory. We found no evidence that pronounced footedness enhances cognitive ability in any of the tasks. We also found no evidence that an intermediate footedness relates to better cognitive performance. This lack of relationship is surprising because previous work revealed that pheasants have a slight population bias towards right footedness, and when released into the wild, individuals with higher degrees of footedness were more likely to die. One explanation for why extreme lateralization is constrained was that it led to poorer cognitive performance, or that optimal cognitive performance was associated with some intermediate level of lateralization. This stabilizing selection could explain the pattern of moderate lateralization that is seen in most non-human species that have been studied. However, we found no evidence in this study to support this explanation. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
266770 | Nanofluidics inside a single carbon nanotube | Nanofluidics is an emerging field aiming at the exploration of fluid transport at the smallest scales. Taking benefit of the specific properties of fluids in nanoconfinement should allow to challenge the limits of macroscopic continuum frameworks, with the ultimate aim of reaching the efficiency of biological fluidic systems, such as aquaporins. Carbon nanotubes have a decisive role to play in this quest, as suggested by the anomalously large permeabilities of macroscopic carbon nanotube membranes recently measured. This behavior is still not understood, but may be the signature of a ‘superlubricating’ behavior of water in these nanostructures, associated with a vanishing friction below a critical diameter, a result put forward by our preliminary theoretical results.
To hallmark this grounbreaking behavior, it is crucial to go one step beyond and investigate experimentally the fluidic properties inside a single carbon nanotube: this is the aim of this proposal. To this end, the project will tackle two experimental challenges: the integration of a single nanotube in a larger nanofluidic plateform; and the characterization of its fluidic properties. To achieve these tasks, we propose a fully original route to integrate the nanotube in a hierarchical nano to macro fluidic device, as well as state-of-the-art methods to characterize fluid transport at the ‘zepto-litter’ scale, based on single molecule fluorescence techniques and ‘patch-clamp’ characterization. In parallel, experimental results will be rationalized using modelization and molecular dynamics. This project will not only provide a thorough fundamental understanding of the properties of carbon nanotubes as fluidic transporter, but also provide an exceptional nanofluidic plateform, allowing to explore the limits of classical (continuum) frameworks. It will also allow to envisage future potential applications, eg for desalination, separation, energy converter, jet printing, ... | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1200/JCO.2014.57.8278 | Antibody positron emission tomography imaging in anticancer drug development | More than 50 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including several antibody-drug conjugates, are in advanced clinical development, forming an important part of the many molecularly targeted anticancer therapeutics currently in development. Drug development is a relatively slow and expensive process, limiting the number of drugs that can be brought into late-stage trials. Development decisions could benefit from quantitative biomarkers, enabling visualization of the tissue distribution of (potentially modified) therapeutic mAbs to confirm effective whole-body target expression, engagement, and modulation and to evaluate heterogeneity across lesions and patients. Such biomarkers may be realized with positron emission tomography imaging of radioactively labeled antibodies, a process called immunoPET. This approach could potentially increase the power and value of early trials by improving patient selection, optimizing dose and schedule, and rationalizing observed drug responses. In this review, we summarize the available literature and the status of clinical trials regarding the potential of immunoPET during early anticancer drug development. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
interreg_3885 | Territorial promotion based on cultural heritage in the transnational area alongside the ancient Roman road Via Claudia Augusta | In the Alpine area the Roman roads, as Via Claudia Augusta (VCA), were the first regular link between the North and the South of Europe. The territory alongside these roads was particularly involved in cultural and economic exchanges and is enriched by several evidence of the past. Today the ancient VCA is an element which brings together different cultures and populations, from the northern Adriatic to the area of the Danube, offering them the opportunity to meet and exchange experiences. The project aims to define a common strategy and best practices for the promotion of this transnational territory; its most important aspect is to create a network among the actors involved. Culture, local products, environmental resources and tourism are the components of the project which acts by transnational and local pilot projects and adopts an integrated approach within the framework of sustainable development. The project is open to the contribution of the local partners and to the collaboration with other similar initiatives and envisage instruments, as a territorial brand, in order to ensure vitality of the initiative in the future. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
W2978491503 | Full next-to-leading-order calculations of Higgs boson decay rates in models with non-minimal scalar sectors | We present a complete set of decay rates of the Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV at the full next-to-leading order in a variety of extended Higgs models; i.e., a model with an additional real singlet scalar field, four types of two Higgs doublet models and the inert doublet model. All the one-loop contributions due to QCD and electroweak interactions as well as scalar interactions are taken into account, and the calculations are systematically performed. Branching ratios for all the decay modes are evaluated in these models, and patterns of deviations in each decay mode from the standard model predictions are comprehensively analyzed. We show how these models with extended Higgs sectors can be distinguished by using our calculation of the branching ratios and future precision measurements of the Higgs boson decays. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jfa.2015.12.007 | Diagonalization of bosonic quadratic Hamiltonians by Bogoliubov transformations | We provide general conditions for which bosonic quadratic Hamiltonians on Fock spaces can be diagonalized by Bogoliubov transformations. Our results cover the case when quantum systems have infinite degrees of freedom and the associated one-body kinetic and paring operators are unbounded. Our sufficient conditions are optimal in the sense that they become necessary when the relevant one-body operators commute. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2549208948 | Lee–Wick black holes | We derive and study an approximate static vacuum solution generated by a point-like source in a higher derivative gravitational theory with a pair of complex conjugate ghosts. The gravitational theory is local and characterized by a high derivative operator compatible with Lee-Wick unitarity. In particular, the tree-level two-point function only shows a pair of complex conjugate poles besides the massless spin two graviton. We show that singularity-free black holes exist when the mass of the source $M$ exceeds a critical value $M_{\rm crit}$. For $M > M_{\rm crit}$ the spacetime structure is characterized by an outer event horizon and an inner Cauchy horizon, while for $M = M_{\rm crit}$ we have an extremal black hole with vanishing Hawking temperature. The evaporation process leads to a remnant that approaches the zero-temperature extremal black hole state in an infinite amount of time. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1126/science.1243985 | Pregnenolone can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication | Pregnenolone is considered the inactive precursor of all steroid hormones, and its potential functional effects have been largely uninvestigated. The administration of the main active principle of Cannabis sativa (marijuana), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), substantially increases the synthesis of pregnenolone in the brain via activation of the type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor. Pregnenolone then, acting as a signaling-specific inhibitor of the CB1 receptor, reduces several effects of THC. This negative feedback mediated by pregnenolone reveals a previously unknown paracrine/autocrine loop protecting the brain from CB1 receptor overactivation that could open an unforeseen approach for the treatment of cannabis intoxication and addiction. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1080/09637494.2016.1272893 | Tradition Morality And Community Elaborating Orthodox Identity In Putin S Russia | ABSTRACTThis paper draws upon a number of official, semi-official and other public texts related to the current views of the Russian Church on social and political issues. Overall, in spite of a variety of opinions and nuances, a certain mainstream becomes apparent, as expressed through this body of texts. The most discussed topics include moral values related to the human body (such as abortion, euthanasia, reproductive technologies and sexuality) and issues such as blasphemy, juvenile courts and new technologies of personal registration for Russian citizens. ‘Traditional morality’ has become the signature discourse of the Russian Orthodox Church which is attempting to construct ‘tradition’ by drawing upon a partly imagined ethos of imperial Russia and the late Soviet Union. Traditional family values are central to the church’s rhetoric. The authors of these texts see a presumed decay of traditional values as the main danger that must be opposed. They usually trace the source of this danger directly to t. . . | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1017/S1366728911000277 | Another Icon Of Language Contact Shattered | Ouh que c'est laid! “Oh this is ugly!” is one of the comments among the 11,800 hits on Google for the sequence “la fille que je sors avec” [the girl I go out with]. Often the comments include the idea that the whole expression has been taken from English as a direct calque. The authors of the present keynote article, Poplack, Zentz and Dion (Poplack, Zentz & Dion, 2011, this issue), argue convincingly that this type of preposition stranding in Canadian French cannot be ascribed to language contact with English. Using sound and accountable methodology, derived from the research paradigm of variationist sociolinguistics, they manage to disprove the hypothesis of a direct causal link between the expression in Canadian French and its supposed earlier use in English. Thus, an icon of language contact, both in popular perception and in many not-so-well-informed academic sources, has been shattered. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1039/c9sc03049b | Interaction of single- and double-stranded DNA with multilayer MXene by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations | MXenes show differential affinity towards single- and double-stranded DNA, with unique kinetics and potential for fluorescent biosensing. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1038/srep33997 | Plastic microfibre ingestion by deep-sea organisms | Plastic waste is a distinctive indicator of the world-wide impact of anthropogenic activities. Both macro- and micro-plastics are found in the ocean, but as yet little is known about their ultimate fate and their impact on marine ecosystems. In this study we present the first evidence that microplastics are already becoming integrated into deep-water organisms. By examining organisms that live on the deep-sea floor we show that plastic microfibres are ingested and internalised by members of at least three major phyla with different feeding mechanisms. These results demonstrate that, despite its remote location, the deep sea and its fragile habitats are already being exposed to human waste to the extent that diverse organisms are ingesting microplastics. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
interreg_1499 | New safety concepts in mountain bike parks: a driving force for sustainable sports tourism | Summer tourism becomes more and more important in alpine regions due to relatively mild winters and a shift of the tourists interests towards action and fun. Thereby, mountain bike (MTB) parks offer a good possibility to use the existing winter infrastructure. However, there is no common experience about the general signposting of MTB trails, the loads experienced by the riders, the optimal constructions of jumps and the use of PPE. Therefore, the aims of this project are a) to collect data and information about the construction modes and signposting of MTB parks, the forces acting on riders and the necessary protection; b) to create a guideline to enhance safety, reduce injuries and optimize the sustainability. At the end of the project a demonstrative “safe” MTB jump/section according to the guideline will be built or adapted both in Nevegal and in Saalbach-Hinterglemm. The project goals will be realized within different WP including state of the art analyzes of bike parks, kinematic and dynamic data acquisition of riders during jumping and the development of a method for their evaluation, in addition to the analyzes of protection equipments. The final product of this project will be a guideline and a demonstrative section/jump enhancing the safety of riders and encourage a cross-border and a sustainable tourism. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
interreg_2888 | Progressing Service Performance and Export Results of Advanced Manufacturers Networks | To strengthen advanced manufacturers is a key pillar of many RIS3-strategies in CE. In a globalised world espec. SMEs are facing competitive pressure and adding industrial services is a key factor for corporate value and global competitiveness. The path for manufacturers offering additional services (e.g. maintenance) is called servitization and requires big changes within enterprises – espec. if exporting the services. Difficulties occure because cultural, infrastructural and local service knowledge of target markets is crucial for success. Because of missing resources to get needed know-how, many SMEs have not yet reached levels of sufficiency within this development. By building a transnational network and using a bottom-up approach to collect experience from local level wide-ranging knowledge of exporting industrial services will be established in CE, where manufacturing is one of the most important industries. The project jointly develops innovative tools and approaches for supporting advanced manufacturers. Those tools help to identify internal leverages for improving the sale of industrial services and recognizing which service can be exported successfully. By providing advice and showing internationally operating good practice SMEs in a networking tableau advanced manufacturers will be supported. Business support organizations are trained to generate expert hubs for improving advanced manufacturers’ service export performance. Policy makers receive strategic action plans and recommendations for future opportunities i.e. what measures to set to change the decisive leverages locally. By using artificial intelligence to feed the developed tools, innovative technologies are used and a sustainable currency of provided information is guaranteed. PROSPER aims at a triple helix approach by linking various stakeholders. This contributes to innovative and efficient solutions for regional needs according RIS3 for all target groups in the field of industrial services. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevA.97.043611 | Thermalization dynamics of two correlated bosonic quantum wires after a split | Cherently splitting a one-dimensional Bose gas provides an attractive, experimentally established platform to investigate many-body quantum dynamics. At short enough times, the dynamics is dominated by the dephasing of single quasiparticles, and well described by the relaxation towards a generalized Gibbs ensemble corresponding to the free Luttinger theory. At later times on the other hand, the approach to a thermal Gibbs ensemble is expected for a generic, interacting quantum system. Here, we go one step beyond the quadratic Luttinger theory and include the leading phonon-phonon interactions. By applying kinetic theory and nonequilibrium Dyson-Schwinger equations, we analyze the full relaxation dynamics beyond dephasing and determine the asymptotic thermalization process in the two-wire system for a symmetric splitting protocol. The major observables are the different phonon occupation functions and the experimentally accessible coherence factor, as well as the phase correlations between the two wires. We demonstrate that, depending on the splitting protocol, the presence of phonon collisions can have significant influence on the asymptotic evolution of these observables, which makes the corresponding thermalization dynamics experimentally accessible. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1177/0883073818760875 | Cavitating Leukoencephalopathy With Posterior Predominance Caused By A Deletion In The Apopt1 Gene In An Indian Boy | A 5-year-old Indian boy presented with subacute onset regression of milestones associated with seizures and spasticity. The symptoms started after an attack of measles. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed cavitating leukodystrophy with posterior predominance. Molecular analysis of the APOPT1 gene, a recently described gene associated with mitochondrial leukodystrophy, showed the patient to be homozygous for a 12. 82-kilobase deletion, including coding exon 3. Deletion of exon 3 produces a frameshift, predicting the translation of a truncated protein (p. Glu121Valfs*4). The patient was started on mitochondrial cocktail regimen of thiamine, riboflavin, coenzyme Q and carnitine. Although he initially showed some improvement, he died 6 months after the onset of his illness. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1090/proc/13299 | Fluctuations of the Euler-Poincaré characteristic for random spherical harmonics | In this short note, we build upon recent results from our earlier paper to present a precise expression for the asymptotic variance of the Euler-Poincaré characteristic for the excursion sets of Gaussian eigenfunctions on
S
2
\mathcal {S}^2
; this result can be written as a second-order Gaussian kinematic formula for the excursion sets of random spherical harmonics. The covariance between the Euler-Poincaré characteristics for different level sets is shown to be fully degenerate; it is also proved that the variance for the zero level excursion sets is asymptotically of smaller order. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.5194/gmd-11-3807-2018 | Evaluation of ECMWF-IFS (version 41R1) operational model forecasts of aerosol transport by using ceilometer network measurements | Abstract. In this paper, we present a comparison of model simulations of aerosol
profiles with measurements of the ceilometer network operated by the German
Weather Service (DWD) over 1 year from September 2015 to August 2016. The
aerosol forecasts are produced by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring
Service (CAMS) using the aerosol module developed within the Global and
regional Earth-system Monitoring using Satellite and in-situ data (GEMS) and
Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) projects and coupled
into the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Integrated
Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS). As the model output provides mass mixing ratios
of different types of aerosol, whereas the ceilometers do not, it is necessary
to determine a common physical quantity for the comparison. We have chosen
the attenuated backscatter β∗ for this purpose. The
β∗ profiles are calculated from the mass mixing ratios of the model
output assuming the inherent aerosol microphysical properties. Comparison of
the attenuated backscatter averaged between an altitude of 0. 2 km (typical
overlap range of ceilometers) and 1 km in general shows similar annual
average values. However, the standard deviation of the difference between
model and observation is larger than the average in 8 out of 12 sites. To investigate possible reasons for the differences, we have examined the
role of the hygroscopic growth of particles and the particle shape. Our
results show that using a more recent particle growth model would result in a
∼22 % reduction of particle backscatter for sea salt aerosols,
corresponding to a 10 % reduction of the total backscatter signal on
average. Accounting for nonspherical dust particles in the model would reduce
attenuated backscatter of dust particles by ∼30 %. As the
concentration of dust aerosol is in general very low in Germany, a
significant effect on the total backscatter signal is restricted to dust
episodes. In summary, consideration of both effects tends to improve the
agreement between model and observations but without leading to a perfect
consistency. In addition, a strong Saharan dust event was investigated to study the
agreement of the spatiotemporal distribution of particles. It was found that
the arrival time of the dust layer and its vertical extent very well agree
between model and ceilometer measurements for several stations. This
underlines the potential of a network of ceilometers to validate the
dispersion of aerosol layers. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
IB 2007000708 W | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MOBILE TELEPHONE AND UPNP CONTROL POINT INTEGRATION | A system and method for enabling the integration of mobile telephone functions and the UPnP-enabled digital home. In an UPnP control point device, such as a UPnP mobile telephone, implementing the present invention, events such as the receipt of an incoming telephone call or message in the UPnP control point device application program interface can trigger the requesting of different UPnP actions in UPnP devices that relate to the event. In the UPnP environment, the UPnP control point device serves as a control point and transmits instructions to other devices. For example, the receipt of a phone call could cause the volume on a stereo or television to be lowered or muted, it could cause both live and taped television programs to pause, or it could perform other functions. A UPnP control point device of the present invention can also transmit instructions based upon requests received from remote locations. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/C2EE21996D | Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Zif 8 Based Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes For Gas Separation | As synthesised ZIF-8 nanoparticles (size ∼ 60 nm and specific surface area ∼ 1300–1600 m2 g−1) were directly incorporated into a model polymer matrix (Matrimid® 5218) by solution mixing. This produces flexible transparent membranes with excellent dispersion of nanoparticles (up to loadings of 30 wt%) with good adhesion within the polymer matrix, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and gas sorption studies. Pure gas (H2, CO2, O2, N2 and CH4) permeation tests showed enhanced permeability of the mixed matrix membrane with negligible losses in selectivity. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) indicated that an increase in the free volume of the polymer with ZIF-8 loading together with the free diffusion of gas through the cages of ZIF-8 contributed to an increase in gas permeability of the composite membrane. The gas transport properties of the composite membranes were well predicted by a Maxwell model whilst the processing strategy reported can be extended to fabricate other polymer nanocomposite membranes intended for a wide range of emerging energy applications. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.molcel.2019.04.002 | Functional Landscape of PCGF Proteins Reveals Both RING1A/B-Dependent-and RING1A/B-Independent-Specific Activities | Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) control cell identity by establishing facultative heterochromatin repressive domains at common sets of target genes. PRC1, which deposits H2Aub1 through the E3 ligases RING1A/B, forms six biochemically distinct subcomplexes depending on the assembled PCGF protein (PCGF1–PCGF6); however, it is yet unclear whether these subcomplexes have also specific activities. Here we show that PCGF1 and PCGF2 largely compensate for each other, while other PCGF proteins have high levels of specificity for distinct target genes. PCGF2 associates with transcription repression, whereas PCGF3 and PCGF6 associate with actively transcribed genes. Notably, PCGF3 and PCGF6 complexes can assemble and be recruited to several active sites independently of RING1A/B activity (therefore, of PRC1). For chromatin recruitment, the PCGF6 complex requires the combinatorial activities of its MGA-MAX and E2F6-DP1 subunits, while PCGF3 requires an interaction with the USF1 DNA binding transcription factor. PRC1 encompasses different sub-complexes with distinct biochemical properties. Scelfo et al. dissect these activities, highlighting their little redundancy and high functional specificity. PRC1 sub-complexes associate specifically with transcriptional repression or activation, can function independently of the core RING1A/B enzymes, and can be recruited to chromatin by specific DNA binding activities. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1557/mrc.2016.30 | Coupling and competition between ferroelectricity, magnetism, strain, and oxygen vacancies in AMnO<inf>3</inf> perovskites | We use first-principles calculations based on density functional theory to investigate the interplay between oxygen vacancies, A-site cation size/tolerance factor, epitaxial strain, ferroelectricity, and magnetism in the perovskite manganite series, AMnO3 (A = Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+). We find that, as expected, increasing the volume through either chemical pressure or tensile strain generally lowers the formation energy of neutral oxygen vacancies consistent with their established tendency to expand the lattice. Increased volume also favors polar distortions, both because competing rotations of the oxygen octahedra are suppressed and because Coulomb repulsion associated with cation off-centering is reduced. Interestingly, the presence of ferroelectric polarization favors ferromagnetic (FM) over antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering due to suppressed AFM superexchange as the polar distortion bends the Mn-O-Mn bond angles away from the optimal 180°. Intriguingly, we find that polar distortions compete with the formation of oxygen vacancies, which have a higher formation energy in the polar phases; conversely the presence of oxygen vacancies suppresses the onset of polarization. In contrast, oxygen vacancy formation energies are lower for FM than AFM orderings of the same structure type. Our findings suggest a rich and complex phase diagram, in which defect chemistry, polarization, structure, and magnetism can be modified using chemical potential, stress or pressure, and electric or magnetic fields. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1016/j.cct.2019.03.001 | The rationale and design of the personal diet study, a randomized clinical trial evaluating a personalized approach to weight loss in individuals with pre-diabetes and early-stage type 2 diabetes | Weight loss reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in overweight and obese individuals. Although the physiological response to food varies among individuals, standard dietary interventions use a “one-size-fits-all” approach. The Personal Diet Study aims to evaluate two dietary interventions targeting weight loss in people with prediabetes and T2D: (1) a low-fat diet, and (2) a personalized diet using a machine-learning algorithm that predicts glycemic response to meals. Changes in body weight, body composition, and resting energy expenditure will be compared over a 6-month intervention period and a subsequent 6-month observation period intended to assess maintenance effects. The behavioral intervention is delivered via mobile health technology using the Social Cognitive Theory. Here, we describe the design, interventions, and methods used. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1109/CVPR.2017.294 | Benchmarking Denoising Algorithms With Real Photographs | Lacking realistic ground truth data, image denoising techniques are traditionally evaluated on images corrupted by synthesized i. i. d. Gaussian noise. We aim to obviate this unrealistic setting by developing a methodology for benchmarking denoising techniques on real photographs. We capture pairs of images with different ISO values and appropriately adjusted exposure times, where the nearly noise-free low-ISO image serves as reference. To derive the ground truth, careful post-processing is needed. We correct spatial misalignment, cope with inaccuracies in the exposure parameters through a linear intensity transform based on a novel heteroscedastic Tobit regression model, and remove residual low-frequency bias that stems, e. g. , from minor illumination changes. We then capture a novel benchmark dataset, the Darmstadt Noise Dataset (DND), with consumer cameras of differing sensor sizes. One interesting finding is that various recent techniques that perform well on synthetic noise are clearly outperformed by BM3D on photographs with real noise. Our benchmark delineates realistic evaluation scenarios that deviate strongly from those commonly used in the scientific literature. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
225148 | Development of a design-through-analysis methodology based on a coupled isogemetrcic-maximum entropy approach | Although from an historical point of view Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Numerical Analysis have always been two detached engineering disciplines, a lot of effort has been made over the last few years to seek a tighter integration between them. The recent development of Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) was one of the main achievement in this direction. The key idea of IGA is to use for the Analysis the same basis functions employed for the CAD representation, which in most of the cases are non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS). However, the tensor product nature of NURBS poses some limitations in the trivariate volume parametrization of complex shapes and in local refinement, operations that are not needed for CAD purposes but are particularly important for the Analysis. This project aims at developing a coupled approach where IGA is blended with the Maximum Entropy meshless approximants, in order to overcome to such limitations, which prevents IGA to fully develop outside of the academic world into industry, and thus to create a design-through-analysis methodology with many potential industrial applications. Such methodology will be first developed for three-dimensional applications in the framework of NURBS boundary representations and then alternative frameworks, based on T-splines and subdivision surfaces, will be also explored. The application of the method to practical problems of industrial relevance will be then considered in detail. The programme will boost the career prospects, increase employability and widen the set of skills of the experienced researcher. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP09(2013)062 | Almost Bps But Still Not Renormalized | A key feature of BPS multi-center solutions is that the equations controlling the positions of these centers are not renormalized as one goes from weak to strong coupling. In particular, this means that brane probes can capture the same information as the fully back-reacted supergravity solution. We investigate this non-renormalization property for non-supersymmetric, extremal "almost-BPS" solutions at intermediate coupling when one of the centers is considered as a probe in the background created by the other centers. We find that despite the lack of supersymmetry, the probe action reproduces exactly the equations underlying the fully back-reacted solution, which indicates that these equations also do not receive quantum corrections. In the course of our investigation we uncover the relation between the charge parameters of almost-BPS supergravity solutions and their quantized charges, which solves an old puzzle about the quantization of the charges of almost-BPS solutions. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
650007 | A pan-european solid-state nmr infrastructure for chemistry-enabling access | The objective of this project is to establish an integrated Infrastructure that will cater to a starting community of multi-disciplinary chemistry users in need of cutting-edge instrumentation and experimental expertise in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
At the heart of the European economy the wider Chemical Industry is one of the largest manufacturing sectors. Development of modern chemistry relies on the capacity for atomic level investigation of increasingly complex solid substrates in frontier research areas crossing disciplines from catalysis and energy materials through polymers to pharmaceutical formulations and medical implants.
Among the range of physical and analytical techniques used for atomic level characterisation, breakthroughs have been made since the beginning of the century in the development and use of solid-state NMR spectroscopy, enabling the characterisation of structure and dynamics, at the atomic-level.
This project aims at advancing knowledge and fostering innovation by providing the European chemistry community with effective and convenient access to the best research infrastructures in solid-state NMR available worldwide. For this, we aim to bring together and integrate on the European scale seven national infrastructures across Europe and to incorporate one infrastructure in the United States, and open them to all European researchers, from both academia and industry, ensuring their optimal use and joint development.
Our ambitious and far-reaching aims will be broadly achieved by a close synergy between networking activities, provision of transnational access, and joint research activities, additionally involving two industrial technology partners and two of Europe’s leading research groups, so as to improve the quality and quantity of the services provided by the infrastructures, and facilitate the use of modern solid-state NMR by non-expert users, widening the opportunities for novel application areas in chemistry. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W137985411 | Heterologous Protein Expression | Heterologous protein expression has been the foundation of the industrial and pharmaceutical biotechnology industries over the past 30 years. There are a wide variety of production platforms now commercially available and an increasing number under development encompassing different host cells, expression systems, and methods for utilizing the genetic instructions, as well as bioprocessing strategies that take advantage of the particular combinations to maximize volumetric productivity and product quality. It is generally accepted that there is no single, universal heterologous expression system and bioprocess strategy that will work for all proteins and that each protein product needs to be considered individually, based on the specific protein product, unique quality specifications, and intended application. Here, we describe some of the different cell-based and cell-free protein expression platforms for bioreactor-based production of heterologous proteins, an overview of how they work and how they have been used, and the potential advantages and disadvantages when compared with alternative approaches. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
218654 | Composite integrated photonic platform by femtosecond laser micromachining | The quantum technology revolution promises a transformational impact on the society and economics worldwide. It will enable breakthrough advancements in such diverse fields as secure communications, computing, metrology, and imaging. Quantum photonics, which recently received an incredible boost by the use of integrated optical circuits, is an excellent technological platform to enable such revolution, as it already plays a relevant role in many of the above applications. However, some major technical roadblocks needs to be overcome. Currently, the various components required for a complete quantum photonic system are produced on very different materials by dedicated fabrication technologies, as no single material is able to fulfil all the requirements for single-photon generation, manipulation, storage and detection. This project proposes a new hybrid approach for integrated quantum photonic systems based on femtosecond laser microfabrication (FLM), enabling the innovative miniaturization of various components on different materials, but with a single tool and with very favourable integration capabilities.
This project will mainly focus on two major breakthroughs: the first one will be increasing the complexity achievable in the photonic platform and demonstrating unprecedented quantum computation capability; the second one will be the integration in the platform of multiple single-photon quantum memories and their interconnection.
Achievement of these goals will only be possible by taking full advantage of the unique features of FLM, from the possibility to machine very different materials, to the 3D capabilities in waveguide writing and selective material removal.
The successful demonstration and functional validation of this hybrid, integrated photonic platform will represent a significant leap for photonic microsystems in quantum computing and quantum communications. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1753391361 | Efficacy and safety of leuprorelin acetate 6-month depot in prostate cancer patients: a Phase III, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, comparative study in Japan | Leuprorelin acetate (TAP-144-SR) is commonly used worldwide in prostate cancer patients. This study was conducted to assess the non-inferiority of a 6-month depot formulation of TAP-144-SR (TAP-144-SR [6M]) 22.5 mg to a 3-month depot formulation of TAP-144-SR (TAP-144-SR [3M]) 11.25 mg in prostate cancer patients in Japan.This was a 48-week Phase III, open-label, parallel-group comparative study. TAP-144-SR (6M) 22.5 mg (6M group) and TAP-144-SR (3M) 11.25 mg (3M group) were administered to 81 and 79 subjects, respectively. The primary endpoint was the rate of serum testosterone suppression to the castrate level (≤100 ng/dl).Serum testosterone of all subjects excluding one subject in the 3M group was suppressed to the castrate level throughout 48 weeks. The estimated between-group difference (6M group - 3M group) in suppression rate was 1.3% (95% confidence interval: -3.4, 6.8), and its lower confidence interval was more than -10% of the pre-determined allowable limit value to judge the non-inferiority. The prostate-specific antigen concentrations were stable throughout the study in both groups. Progressive disease in the best overall response based on the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors was 0.0% for the 6M group and 2.6% for the 3M group. Adverse events occurred in 92.6% in the 6M group and 89.9% in the 3M group. Adverse events leading to discontinuation were reported in 2.5% in the 6M group and 3.8% in the 3M group.TAP-144-SR (6M) was not inferior to TAP-144-SR (3M) for the suppressive effect on serum testosterone level. TAP-144-SR (6M) was also as well tolerated as TAP-144-SR (3M). | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1128/JVI.00799-15 | Poxvirus Protein Mc132 From Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Inhibits Nf Κb Activation By Targeting P65 For Degradation | Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is unique in being the only known extant, human-adapted poxvirus, yet to date, it is very poorly characterized in terms of host-pathogen interactions. MCV causes persistent skin lesions filled with live virus, but these are generally immunologically silent, suggesting the presence of potent inhibitors of human antiviral immunity and inflammation. Fewer than five MCV immunomodulatory genes have been characterized in detail, but it is likely that many more remain to be discovered given the density of such sequences in all well-characterized poxviruses. Following virus infection, NF-κB activation occurs in response to both pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling and cellular activation by virus-elicited proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). As such, NF-κB activation is required for virus detection, antiviral signaling, inflammation, and clearance of viral infection. Hence, we screened a library of MCV genes for effects on TNF-stimulated NF-κB activation. This revealed MC132, a unique protein with no orthologs in other poxviral genomes, as a novel inhibitor of NF-κB. Interestingly, MC132 also inhibited PRR- and virus-activated NF-κB, since MC132 interacted with the NF-κB subunit p65 and caused p65 degradation. Unbiased affinity purification to identify host targets of MC132 revealed that MC132 acted by targeting NF-κB p65 for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation by recruiting p65 to a host Cullin-5/Elongin B/Elongin C complex. These data reveal a novel mechanism for poxviral inhibition of human innate immunity and further clarify how the human-adapted poxvirus MCV can so effectively evade antiviral immunity to persist in skin lesions. IMPORTANCE How human cells detect and respond to viruses is incompletely understood, but great leaps in our understanding have been made by studying both the early innate immune response and the ways that viruses evade it. Poxviruses adapt to specific hosts over time by evolving elegantly precise inhibitors targeting the rate-limiting steps of immunity. These inhibitors reveal new features of the antiviral response while also offering potent new tools for approaching therapeutic intervention in autoimmunity. Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is the only known extant poxvirus specifically adapted to human infection, yet it remains poorly characterized. In this study, we report the identification of the MCV protein MC132 as a potent inhibitor of NF-κB, an essential regulatory crux of innate immunity. Furthermore, identification of the mechanism of inhibition of NF-κB by MC132 reveals an elegant example of convergent evolution with human herpesviruses. This discovery greatly expands our understanding of how MCV so effectively evades human immunity. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1017/S0025100311000491 | Investigating The Nature Of Aspirated Stops In Western Andalusian Spanish | In Western Andalusian Spanish (WAS), [h + voiceless stop] clusters are realized as long pre- and postaspirated stops. This study investigates if a new class of stops (realized as geminates with variable degrees of pre- and postaspiration) has emerged in this dialect, or if postaspiration in these clusters results from articulatory overlap. An experiment was carried out in which WAS speakers produced [h + voiceless stop] clusters under changes in speech rate and stress location. The duration of postaspiration, measured as voice onset, did not show systematic effects of any of the experimental variables. Moreover, trade-offs were observed between voice onset and preaspiration plus closure durations. These results indicate that postaspiration in WAS [h + voiceless stop] clusters is the consequence of extensive articulatory overlap. It is further hypothesized that the lengthening of closures in WAS stops preceded by [h] results from a different gestural mechanism affecting all [hC] clusters in this dialect. From a broader perspective, since extensive overlap and consonantal lengthening do not occur in the [hC] clusters of other Spanish varieties, these findings lend support to the idea that intergestural coordination patterns can be dialect-specific. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W2056658832 | Interobserver variability of cervical cytology in HIV-infected women | Our objectives were to determine the reproducibility of cytological specimen interpretation between two pathologists in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women (from the VIHGY, ANRS CO17 study of human papillomavirus genital pathology among HIV-positive women) and to analyse the improvement, if any, between conventional and liquid-based cytology (LBC) interpretations.A sample of all abnormal and 40% of randomly selected normal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests was randomly ordered and read blindly by a second pathologist using the revised Bethesda terminology 2001. For both conventional and liquid-based preparations, unweighted and Cicchetti-Allison-weighted kappa and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Kappa values were then compared using the Altman rule to classify the reproducibility of cytological specimen interpretation.Two hundred and seventy-seven conventional Pap tests were reviewed, including 79 abnormal and 10 unsatisfactory results. Overall agreement between the two observers was 78%, with an estimated Cicchetti-Allison-weighted kappa of 0.69 (95%CI, 0.61-0.77). The corresponding values for the 268 LBCs, including 123 abnormal and two unsatisfactory results, were 84% and 0.82 (95%CI, 0.76-0.87), respectively. The reproducibility of LBC interpretations was significantly higher than that of conventional preparations (P = 0.009) and, for both laboratories, the percentages of unsatisfactory results were significantly lower for LBC.In HIV-infected women in the combination antiretroviral therapy era, the strength of agreement was better for LBCs than for conventional preparations, with a lower percentage of unsatisfactory results. When available, LBC should be preferred because of its higher reproducibility. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
218549 | Higher-Loop amplitudes on the sphere: a new approach to the perturbative expansion of quantum field theories | Almost all we know about particle physics and the Standard Model comes
from scattering experiments and our ability to predict them via
scattering amplitudes (these measure probabilities of scattering
processes). To meet the impressive technological advances of particle
colliders like the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, new tools and
concepts have emerged over the last 25 years. More than giving
methods, they have triggered a revolution in our understanding of the
formal microscopic structure of particle physics, a subject people
thought they knew everything about.
My program is based on a set of formulæ due to Cachazo, He & Yuan
(CHY), that challenge the way we think about scattering
amplitudes. They relate to 'twistor' ideas and string theory. The
former aims at manifesting the geometry of field theories, but failed
so far to grasp their quantum-ness. The latter, in spite of its
mathematical beauty, has the drawback of having additional
contributions that are hard to decouple from the field theory
ones. The CHY formulæ retain the advantages of both methods, and lead
to a variety of remarkable expressions for scattering amplitudes in a
increasing number of theories, including gauge, gravity and scalar
theories.
In a crucial work, I showed that these methods actually carry over to
the first quantum correction: this was the first time ever that
twistor methods were shown to work at the quantum level. My project
aims to extend this and reformulate the full pertubative quantum
expansion of field theories in the CHY language. This would be a major
conceptual advance. I explain that to do so will require to understand
a more fundamental object called Null String, whose quantization will
shed light on my 'quantum CHY formalism'. I also propose applications
of the formalism of interest for LHC physic, like a third order
calculation for the 2 to 3 gluon scattering in gauge theory, that
all other existing methods have failed to determine so far. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/s00440-017-0758-0 | Density fluctuations for exclusion processes with long jumps | We show that the stationary density fluctuations of exclusion processes with long jumps, whose rates are of the form c±| y- x| -(1+α) where c± depends on the sign of y- x, are given by a fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process for α∈(0,32). When α=32 we show that the density fluctuations are tight, in a suitable topology, and that any limit point is an energy solution of the fractional Burgers equation, previously introduced in Gubinelli and Jara (Stoch Partial Differ Equ Anal Comput 1(2):325–350, 2013) in the finite volume setting. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
278277 | Atmospheric Gas-Aerosol Interface:
From Fundamental Theory to Global Effects | Atmospheric aerosol particles are a major player in the earth system: they impact the climate by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, as well as regulating the properties of clouds. On regional scales aerosol particles are among the main pollutants deteriorating air quality. Capturing the impact of aerosols is one of the main challenges in understanding the driving forces behind changing climate and air quality.
Atmospheric aerosol numbers are governed by the ultrafine (< 100 nm in diameter) particles. Most of these particles have been formed from atmospheric vapours, and their fate and impacts are governed by the mass transport processes between the gas and particulate phases. These transport processes are currently poorly understood. Correct representation of the aerosol growth/shrinkage by condensation/evaporation of atmospheric vapours is thus a prerequisite for capturing the evolution and impacts of aerosols.
I propose to start a research group that will address the major current unknowns in atmospheric ultrafine particle growth and evaporation. First, we will develop a unified theoretical framework to describe the mass accommodation processes at aerosol surfaces, aiming to resolve the current ambiguity with respect to the uptake of atmospheric vapours by aerosols. Second, we will study the condensational properties of selected organic compounds and their mixtures. Organic compounds are known to contribute significantly to atmospheric aerosol growth, but the properties that govern their condensation, such as saturation vapour pressures and activities, are largely unknown. Third, we aim to resolve the gas and particulate phase processes that govern the growth of realistic atmospheric aerosol. Fourth, we will parameterize ultrafine aerosol growth, implement the parameterizations to chemical transport models, and quantify the impact of these condensation and evaporation processes on global and regional aerosol budgets. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
Q3854171 | Apoyo a las empresas registradas en virtud de la Ley de turismo como operador turístico o agente de viajes para superar las consecuencias económicas de la pandemia de COVID-19 | Apoyo a las empresas registradas en virtud de la Ley de turismo como operador turístico o agente de viajes para superar las consecuencias económicas de la pandemia de COVID-19 | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0180494 | Network effects in environmental justice struggles: An investigation of conflicts between mining companies and civil society organizations from a network perspective | This paper examines conflicts that occur between mining companies and civil society organizations (CSOs) around the world and offers an innovative analysis of mining conflicts from a social network perspective. The analysis showed that, as the number of CSOs involved in a conflict increased, its outcome was more likely to be perceived as a success in terms of environmental justice (EJ); if a CSO was connected to other central CSOs, the average perception of EJ success was likely to increase; and as network distance between two conflicts increased (or decreased), they were more likely to lead to different (or similar) EJ outcomes. Such network effects in mining conflicts have policy implications for EJ movements. It would be a strategic move on the part of successful CSOs to become involved in other major conflicts and disseminate information about how they achieved greater EJ success. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1007/s11245-018-9577-x | Robert Kilwardby on Negative Judgement | In this article, I discuss Robert Kilwardby’s (1215–1279) theory of judgement and consider its implications for his view of truth and falsity. I start by considering Kilwardby’s claim that truth and falsity are primarily found in composite thought, i. e. judgement. I then examine his distinction between two different kinds of being, namely real and conceptual, arguing that different kinds of true judgement, according to Kilwardby, have different kinds of existential import, either real or merely conceptual. Since Kilwardby develops his position by commenting on Aristotle’s logical treatises, an important aim of the article is that of showing how he addresses exegetical issues in those sources and offers solutions that go beyond Aristotle’s alleged intentions. The focus of the paper is on negative judgement because that is where Kilwardby diverges from Aristotle most conspicuously. | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
Q2891188 | DAMATRI | Questo progetto mira alla creazione di una politica di gestione e negozio online per la commercializzazione di prodotti animali nel mercato mondiale, e l'integrazione con il sistema di produzione I4.0 in implementazione in azienda. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1109/CVPR.2017.20 | Global Hypothesis Generation For 6D Object Pose Estimation | This paper addresses the task of estimating the 6D-pose of a known 3D object from a single RGB-D image. Most modern approaches solve this task in three steps: i) compute local features, ii) generate a pool of pose-hypotheses, iii) select and refine a pose from the pool. This work focuses on the second step. While all existing approaches generate the hypotheses pool via local reasoning, e. g. RANSAC or Hough-Voting, we are the first to show that global reasoning is beneficial at this stage. In particular, we formulate a novel fully-connected Conditional Random Field (CRF) that outputs a very small number of pose-hypotheses. Despite the potential functions of the CRF being non-Gaussian, we give a new, efficient two-step optimization procedure, with some guarantees for optimality. We utilize our global hypotheses generation procedure to produce results that exceed state-of-the-art for the challenging Occluded Object Dataset. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.12.001 | The dynamic evolution of the Palaeozoic geography of eastern Asia | New palaeogeographical reconstructions are presented for eleven time intervals through the Palaeozoic of the eastern Asia region from the Middle Cambrian at 510. Ma to the end of the Permian at 250. Ma. They centre on the continental blocks of North China, South China, and Annamia (Indochina) and their relationships with northeastern Gondwana (which was united to form part of Pangea from the Late Carboniferous onwards). Also shown is the continent of Tarim during the Lower Palaeozoic, as well as the Hutag Uul-Songliao and Khanka-Jiamasu-Bureya terranes, both of which straddle the Russian, Mongolian and Chinese borders today, from Silurian times onwards. We conclude that Annamia and South China were united as a single continent throughout the Lower Palaeozoic and Early Devonian and were translocated by major strike-slip faulting along the northeastern Gondwana margin during that period from off Afghanistan to outboard of the Sibumasu and Australian sectors of the superterrane. They left the Gondwana marginal area together during the Lower Devonian opening of the Palaeotethys Ocean, but very shortly afterwards they themselves divided into the two separate continental blocks that we recognise today, not to reunite until the Triassic. The various Cambrian to Permian rocks found in Japan largely represent active volcanic arcs which originally lay to the southeast of South China, although the Carboniferous was more quiescent there. The Neotethys Ocean opened during the Permian, dividing Sibumasu and the Tibetan terranes from Gondwana, and the Palaeotethys Ocean started to close progressively in the Upper Palaeozoic as most of the East Asian continents and smaller terranes moved towards Siberia. The positions of the various continents and terranes have been deduced from a mixture of palaeomagnetic and faunal data, the positions of Large Igneous Provinces and kimberlites, and the need to provide kinematic continuity between maps of successive ages. However, many uncertainties remain. | [
"Earth System Science",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1109/GROUP4.2016.7739102 | All Optical Analog To Electromagnetic Induced Transparency Effects Based On Vertical Coupling Photonic Crystal Cavities | We designed and experimentally studied all-optical analog to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in vertical coupling photonic crystal cavities. By tuning the phase difference between two cavities, EIT-like phenomena for two modes at different wavelengths has been experimentally demonstrated. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
617739 | Impact of Mental Training of Attention and Emotion Regulation on Brain and Behavior: Implications for Neuroplasticity, Well-Being and Mindfulness Psychotherapy Research | Mindfulness-based therapy has become an increasingly popular treatment to reduce stress, increase well-being and prevent relapse in depression. A key component of these therapies includes mindfulness practice that intends to train attention to detect and regulate afflictive cognitive and emotional patterns. Beyond its therapeutic application, the empirical study of mindfulness practice also represents a promising tool to understand practices that intentionally cultivate present-centeredness and openness to experience. Despite its clinical efficacy, little remains known about its means of action. Antithetic to this mode of experiential self-focus are states akin to depression, that are conducive of biased attention toward negativity, biased thoughts and rumination, and dysfunctional self schemas. The proposed research aims at implementing an innovative framework to scientifically investigate the experiential, cognitive, and neural processes underlining mindfulness practice building on the current neurocognitive understanding of the functional and anatomical architecture of cognitive control, and depression. To identify these mechanisms, this project aims to use paradigms from cognitive, and affective neuroscience (MEG, intracortical EEG, fMRI) to measure the training and plasticity of emotion regulation and cognitive control, and their effect on automatic, self-related affective processes. Using a cross-sectional design, this project aims to compare participants with trait differences in experiential self-focus mode. Using a longitudinal design, this project aims to explore mindfulness-practice training’s effect using a standard mindfulness-based intervention and an active control intervention. The PI has pioneered the neuroscientific investigation of mindfulness in the US and aspires to assemble a research team in France and a network of collaborators in Europe to pursue this research, which could lead to important outcomes for neuroscience, and mental health. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
721016 | Herpesvirus Effectors of RNA synthesis, Processing, Export and Stability | Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is an important human pathogen, which intensively interacts with the cellular transcriptional machinery at multiple levels during lytic infection. Employing next-generation sequencing to study RNA synthesis, processing and translation in short intervals throughout lytic HSV-1 infection, my laboratory made the surprising observation that HSV-1 triggers widespread disruption of transcription termination of cellular but not viral genes. Transcription commonly extends for tens-of-thousands of nucleotides beyond poly(A)-sites and into downstream genes. In contrast to textbook knowledge, HSV-1 infection does not inhibit splicing but induces a broad range of aberrant splicing events associated with disruption of transcription termination. Exploring these fascinating phenomena will provide fundamental insights into RNA biology of human cells.
The proposed work combines both hypothesis-driven and innovative unbiased screening approaches. I will utilise cutting-edge methodology ranging from high-throughput studies to advanced single molecule imaging. Thereby, I will detail the molecular mechanisms responsible for disruption of transcription termination and aberrant splicing. I will identify novel cellular proteins governing transcription termination using a genome-wide Cas9-knockout screen. I will develop RNA aptamer technology to visualise and track single RNA molecules suffering from poly(A) read-through. I will elucidate why transcription termination of some cellular and all viral genes remains unaltered throughout infection. I hypothesize that the alterations in RNA processing are depicted by specific changes in RNA Polymerase II CTD phosphorylation and in the associated proteins. I will characterise these dynamic changes using mNET-seq and quantitative proteomics. Finally, data-driven quantitative bioinformatic modelling will detail how the coupling of RNA synthesis, processing, export, stability and translation is orchestrated by HSV-1. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
US 2013/0025018 W | SPACED MULTI-RIB ZIPPER | The present disclosure relates to a one piece multi-rib fastener including at least two groups of ribs, each rib with one or more hooks, wherein the groups are separated by a space less than the width of the maximum number of ribs within one of the groups. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
626437 | Cold-Water coral community dynamics | Mounds and margins on the North Atlantic host highly diverse and structurally complex megabenthic communities, such as cold-water coral (CWC) reefs. These communities have been widely impacted by fishing activities, and thus CWC reefs are identified as vulnerable marine ecosystems in need of protection. Recently, several deep-sea environments (e.g. mounts, canyons) hosting CWC reefs, in EU Atlantic waters have been integrated in Marine Protected Areas (MPA). However, few of these MPAs have incorporated management plans. To establish suitable management policies, it is required to implement monitoring strategies that account for these diverse community dynamics and how they may be influenced by environmental drivers. Particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes are known to shape deep-sea benthic communities, indicating that variations in food supply is a major driver affecting community structure and dynamics. Yet, the relationship between POC fluxes and benthic community dynamics at different temporal and spatial scales are not fully understood. Elucidating deep-sea benthic community dynamics, represents an important challenge for future research especially as management of human impacts becomes a priority. This project’s main goals are to assess the dynamics of CWC communities in mound and margins on the North Atlantic, and examine how different environmental factors may be influencing them. Community dynamics will be assessed via convolutional neural networks which will allow to assess changes in community composition and structural complexity on 3 areas that have been monitored with benthic platforms equipped with HD cameras and several environmental sensors during several months (12 – 24 months). This project will be of wide scientific interest as it will provide insight into the resilience of CWC communities to environmental change and the basis to establish a set of essential variables to be monitored over the long term and support sound conservation actions. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1999760994 | An Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) based in a dual filter | This paper describes the design, analysis, and experimental results of an Attitude and Heading System based on a Dual Kalman Filtering technique. The presented scheme is suitable for implementation using low cost sensors. Attitude determination systems are essential for real time vehicle navigation, guidance and control applications. When low cost sensors are used, efficient and robust algorithms become necessary for an acceptable performance. For the proposed approach, a low cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), formed by 3-axis gyroscope, 3-axis accelerometer, and 3-axis magnetometer, provides the input measurements. Experimental results with real data show that the proposed algorithm is able to maintain an accurate and drift-free attitude and heading estimation. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
Q2731516 | Optimisation des processus d’affaires de Rotoplast d.o.o. par l’introduction de solutions TIC | Le projet proposé vise à renforcer la compétitivité et l’efficacité des opérations de Rotoplast. Le problème central de l’entreprise est les processus d’affaires sous-optimaux et les solutions TIC dépassées, ce qui entraîne une réduction de la compétitivité et une réduction de la productivité du travail. Ce problème sera résolu par l’acquisition et la mise en œuvre de nouvelles solutions et équipements TIC, ce qui entraînera une augmentation significative de la productivité, du niveau technologique et de la compétitivité, et, en fin de compte, l’optimisation des processus commerciaux et l’intégration de plusieurs fonctions commerciales. Les groupes cibles du projet sont l’entreprise et ses employés, et en plus d’eux, des avantages significatifs seront également accordés aux partenaires commerciaux et aux clients de l’entreprise et aux utilisateurs finaux de leurs services. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01412 | The medium helps the message: Early sensitivity to auditory fluency in children's endorsement of statements | Recently, a growing number of studies have investigated the cues used by children to selectively accept testimony. In parallel, several studies with adults have shown that the fluency with which information is provided influences message evaluation: adults evaluate fluent information as more credible than dysfluent information. It is therefore plausible that the fluency of a message could also influence children's endorsement of statements. Three experiments were designed to test this hypothesis with 3- to 5-year-olds where the auditory fluency of a message was manipulated by adding different levels of noise to recorded statements. The results show that 4 and 5-year-old children, but not 3-year-olds, are more likely to endorse a fluent statement than a dysfluent one. The present study constitutes a first attempt to show that fluency, i. e. , ease of processing, is recruited as a cue to guide epistemic decision in children. An interpretation of the age difference based on the way cues are processed by younger children is suggested. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W2375518261 | Circular AMDF Pitch Detection Algorithm Based on Short-Time Energy | Pitch period is a key characteristic parameter of speech signal,but accurate extraction of the period is very difficult.It usually occurs that halving and doubling frequency errors appear in the estimated results during the pitch tracking of traditional algorithm like the auto correlation function(ACF) and the average magnitude difference function(AMDF).To solve this problem,a detection method of combining the short-time average energy with the circular average magnitude difference function(CAMDF) for pitch period is proposed.Experimental results indicate that,on the basis of effectively separating the voiced speech from the unvoiced speech,this method can increase the valley features of sampling point which indicates the voiced speech pitch period,reduce the halving,and doubling errors and improve the precision of estimated values.The performance of this method is better than that of the traditional algorithms. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1142/S0218202516500366 | Chirality Transitions In Frustrated S 2 Valued Spin Systems | We study the discrete-to-continuum limit of the helical XY S2-spin system on the lattice ℤ2. We scale the interaction parameters in order to reduce the model to a spin chain in the vicinity of the Landau–Lifschitz point and we prove that at the same energy scaling under which the S1-model presents scalar chirality transitions, the cost of every vectorial chirality transition is zero. In addition we show that if the energy of the system is modified penalizing the distance of the S2-field from a finite number of copies of S1, it is still possible to prove the emergence of nontrivial (possibly trace-dependent) chirality transitions. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.06.056 | Properties of a ZK60 magnesium alloy processed by high-pressure torsion | An extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy with an initial grain size of ∼9. 4 μm was processed by high pressure torsion (HPT) for up to 5 revolutions and microstructural observations were carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Measurements of the Vickers microhardness over the disk surfaces revealed lower values in the central areas of the disks after low numbers of HPT turns but with a reasonable level of homogeneity across the disks after processing by HPT through 5 turns at 2. 0 GPa. The average grain size after 5 revolutions was ∼1. 0 μm. Samples were processed by HPT through 5 turns and then tested in tension at a temperature of 473 K. The results show the occurrence of superplastic behavior with a maximum elongation to failure of about 535% when testing with an initial strain rate of 1. 0 × 10 -4 s-1. These results are consistent with earlier data obtained on the ZK60 alloy after processing by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) but the elongations to failure are lower because of using miniature tensile specimens cut from the HPT disks. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-662-49122-5_9 | D 3 Data Driven Disjunctive Abstraction | We address the problem of computing an abstraction for a set of examples, which is precise enough to separate them from a set of counterexamples. The challenge is to find an over-approximation of the positive examples that does not represent any negative example. Conjunctive abstractions e. g. , convex numerical domains and limited disjunctive abstractions, are often insufficient, as even the best such abstraction might include negative examples. One way to improve precision is to consider a general disjunctive abstraction. We present $$D^3$$, a new algorithm for learning general disjunctive abstractions. Our algorithm is inspired by widely used machine-learning algorithms for obtaining a classifier from positive and negative examples. In contrast to these algorithms which cannot generalize from disjunctions, $$D^3$$ obtains a disjunctive abstraction that minimizes the number of disjunctions. The result generalizes the positive examples as much as possible without representing any of the negative examples. We demonstrate the value of our algorithm by applying it to the problem of data-driven differential analysis, computing the abstract semantic difference between two programs. Our evaluation shows that $$D^3$$ can be used to effectively learn precise differences between programs even when the difference requires a disjunctive representation. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.pbi.2010.08.003 | How close are we to nitrogen-fixing cereals? | Engineering nitrogen-fixing cereals is essential for sustainable food production for the projected global population of 9 billion people in 2050. This process will require engineering cereals for nodule organogenesis and infection by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The symbiosis signalling pathway is essential to establish both bacterial infection and nodule organogenesis in legumes and is also necessary for the establishment of mycorrhizal colonisation. Hence this signalling pathway is also present in cereals and it should be feasible to engineer this signalling pathway for cereal recognition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. However, establishing a fully function nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in cereals will probably require additional genetic engineering for bacterial colonisation and nodule organogenesis. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/1462-2920.14410 | The interplay of EIIA<sup>Ntr</sup> with C-source regulation of the Pu promoter of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 | The presence of some sugars (e. g. glucose) downregulates the activity of the Pu promoter of plasmid pWW0 of Pseudomonas putida mt-2, which drives the upper TOL operon for biodegradation of m-xylene. Genetic evidence produced 20 years ago documented an effect of the EIIANtr (PtsN) protein of the nitrogen-related phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTSNtr) in such a C-source control of Pu activity. In this study, we have exploited the wealth of recent information on the PTS of P. putida as well as transcriptomic data available in the last few years on this bacterium to revisit this question – and the role of EIIANtr as such. To this end, we examined Pu output under physiological conditions known to either phosphorylate PTS proteins to saturation or to deplete them altogether from high-energy phosphate. The results showed that Pu activity is checked by EIIANtr regardless of its phosphorylation state. However, such inhibition is intensified during growth on glucose (which correlates with more phosphate-free EIIANtr) and partially relieved in fructose, which triggers phosphorylation of PTS proteins. These data explain former inconsistencies on the Pu-PTSNtr interplay and provides a better understanding of the metabolic and regulatory retroactivity between the TOL plasmid and its host metabolism. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2005928302 | Optical design teaching by computing graphic methods | One of the key challenges in the teaching of Optics is that students need to know not only the math of the optical design, but also, and more important, to grasp and understand the optics in a three-dimensional space. Having a clear image of the problem to solve is the first step in order to begin to solve that problem. Therefore to achieve that the students not only must know the equation of refraction law but they have also to understand how the main parameters of this law are interacting among them. This should be a major goal in the teaching course. Optical graphic methods are a valuable tool in this way since they have the advantage of visual information and the accuracy of a computer calculation. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.5194/acp-14-3929-2014 | Satellite observations indicate substantial spatiotemporal variability in biomass burning NO<sub>x</sub> emission factors for South America | Abstract. Biomass burning is an important contributor to global total emissions of NOx (NO+NO2). Generally bottom-up fire emissions models calculate NOx emissions by multiplying fuel consumption estimates with static biome-specific emission factors, defined in units of grams of NO per kilogram of dry matter consumed. Emission factors are a significant source of uncertainty in bottom-up fire emissions modeling because relatively few observations are available to characterize the large spatial and temporal variability of burning conditions. In this paper we use NO2 tropospheric column observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) from the year 2005 over South America to calculate monthly NOx emission factors for four fire types: deforestation, savanna/grassland, woodland, and agricultural waste burning. In general, the spatial patterns in NOx emission factors calculated in this work are consistent with emission factors derived from in situ measurements from the region but are more variable than published biome-specific global average emission factors widely used in bottom-up fire emissions inventories such as the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). Satellite-based NOx emission factors also indicate substantial temporal variability in burning conditions. Overall, we found that deforestation fires have the lowest NOx emission factors, on average 30% lower than the emission factors used in GFED v3. Agricultural fire NOx emission factors were the highest, on average a factor of 1. 8 higher than GFED v3 values. For savanna, woodland, and deforestation fires, early dry season NOx emission factors were a factor of ~1. 5–2 higher than late dry season emission factors. A minimum in the NOx emission factor seasonal cycle for deforestation fires occurred in August, the time period of severe drought in South America in 2005, supporting the hypothesis that prolonged dry spells may lead to an increase in the contribution of smoldering combustion from large-diameter fuels, offsetting the higher combustion efficiency of dryer fine fuels. We evaluated the OMI-derived NOx emission factors with SCIAMACHY NO2 tropospheric column observations and found improved model performance in regions dominated by fire emissions. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
2726188 | Greentribos | The world is warming and the weather is becoming increasingly unstable and extreme, and whether we like it or not, the overwhelming scientific consensus is that mankind’s use of fossil fuels is a key component in this climate change. Friction, wear and lubrication are major players in the consumption of energy, and so reducing friction and wear and using green lubrication is the most direct route to reducing energy consumption and pollution and so contributing to a better environment for us all. GreenTRIBOS takes up this very important challenge by developing innovative, but sustainable and green, technologies to decrease both friction and wear and improve lubrication. The 12 early-stage researchers (ESRs) will be working in three science-based work packages to develop integrative green concepts, their functional mechanisms, and lifecycle analyses to verify the sustainability, as well as quantifying the tribological performance to reduce energy consumption, resource depletion and polluting emissions. In the overarching integrative work package, the ESRs will assimilate these results into a coherent set of generic, green-tribology concepts and design rules – that will be made freely available to all – with a measurable impact on sustainability over the whole lifecycle of the system. All 12 ESRs will use complementary techniques, tools, models and approaches supported by their supervisors, research groups and non-academic mentors throughout their individual PhD-specific ESR project plans. By training the ESRs in scientific, technical and transferrable skills, they will become the next generation of high-potential scientists and engineers to instigate the step change that is required for a sustainable engineering future to serve the needs of a sustainable 21st century Europe. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1137/17M1116295 | Globally convergent Jacobi-type algorithms for simultaneous orthogonal symmetric tensor diagonalization | In this paper, we consider a family of Jacobi-type algorithms for a simultaneous orthogonal diagonalization problem of symmetric tensors. For the Jacobi-based algorithm of [M. Ishteva, P. -A. Absil, and P. Van Dooren, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. , 34 (2013), pp. 651-672], we prove its global convergence for simultaneous orthogonal diagonalization of symmetric matrices and 3rd-order tensors. We also propose a new Jacobi-based algorithm in the general setting and prove its global convergence for sufficiently smooth functions. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/c5dt03879k | Unusual borane addition to conjugated dienylphosphanes under frustrated Lewis pair conditions | Dimesitylphosphinoisoprene 9a reacts with a series of R-B(C6F5)2 boron Lewis acids by isomerization and subsequent 1,4-P/B addition to give the heterocyclic phosphonium/borate zwitterionic products 13. Subsequent hydride abstraction from the isoprenyl derived methyl group by trityl cation proceeds with elimination of the R-B(C6F5)2 reagent to give the heterocyclic phosphonium system 20. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
NL 2007050112 W | BEVERAGE CONTAINER AND ASSEMBLY OF SUCH A CONTAINER AND A TAPPING DEVICE | A beverage container (1) provided with an inner space, at least partly filled with carbonated beverage and a valve assembly (15) attached in the beverage container, in particular a top surface (4) thereof, which valve assembly comprises a valve body (21) biased in a closing direction against a valve seat (20), and wherein, preferably, an engaging means (26) extending outside the inner space is provided, wherein a pressure control device (36) is provided which comprises a reservoir (37), filled with a pressure gas, which reservoir is in communication with the inner space, at least during use, preferably via a pressure control device, and wherein the dispensing device comprises an operating device (40) for pressing the valve body away from the valve seat, which operating device comprises a part of a beverage dispensing channel (48, 52) and is provided with means (64) for maintaining the valve assembly in an opened position. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W4223487031 | Development of a prognostic model of overall survival in oropharyngeal cancer from real-world data: PRO.M.E.THE.O. | The PRO.M.E.THE.O. study (PredictiOn Models in Ent cancer for anti-EGFR based THErapy Optimization) aimed to develop a predictive model (PM) of overall survival (OS) for patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer (LAOC) treated with radiotherapy (RT) and cetuximab (Cet) from an Italian dataset.We enrolled patients with LAOC from 6 centres treated with RT-Cet. Clinical and treatment variables were collected. Patients were randomly divided into training (TS) (80%) and validation (VS) (20%) sets. A binary logistic regression model was used on the TS with stepwise feature selection and then on VS. Timepoints of 2, 3 and 5 years were considered. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic of 2, 3 and 5 year and confusion matrix statistics at 5-threshold were used as performance criteria.Overall, 218 patients were enrolled and 174 (79.8%) were analysed. Age at diagnosis, gender, ECOG performance, clinical stage, dose to high-risk volume, overall treatment time and day of RT interruption were considered in the final PMs. The PMs were developed and represented by nomograms with AUC of 0.75, 0.73 and 0.73 for TS and 0.713, 0.713, 0.775 for VS at 2, 3 and 5 years, respectively.PRO.M.E.THE.O. allows the creation of a PM for OS in patients with LAOC treated with RT-Cet.Sviluppo di un modello predittivo in pazienti affetti da neoplasia dell’orofaringe: PRO.M.E.THE.O.L’obiettivo di PRO.M.E.THE.O. è quello di sviluppare modelli predittivi (MP) di sopravvivenza globale (OS) per pazienti (pz) con neoplasia orofaringea localmente avanzata (LAOC) sottoposti a radioterapia (RT) e Cetuximab (Cet), provenienti da un dataset italiano multicentrico.Sono stati arruolati pazienti con LAOC trattati con RT-Cet provenienti da 6 centri italiani, dei quali sono state raccolte variabili cliniche e di trattamento. I pazienti sono stati suddivisi casualmente in un training set (80%) e in un gruppo di controllo (20%). Per la creazione del MP è stata considerata l’OS a 2, 3 e 5 anni. L’area sottesa alla curva (AUC) di ROC (receiver operating characteristic) a 2, 3 e 5 anni e la statistica della matrice di confusione a 5 classi rappresentano i criteri di performance.218 pazienti sono stati arruolati e 174 (79,8%) analizzati. I parametri testati per la costruzione degli MP includevano: età alla diagnosi, sesso, ECOG, stadio clinico, dose del volume ad alto rischio, tempo complessivo di trattamento e giorni di interruzione della RT. I MP di OS sono stati rappresentati con dei nomogrammi.PRO.M.E.THE.O. ha consentito la creazione di MP di OS in pazienti LAOC trattati con RT-Cet. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1742650144 | Symmetric Encryption Algorithm to Secure Outsourced Data in Public Cloud Storage | Background/Objectives: Cloud storage is an increasingly popular class of services for archiving, backup and sharing of data. Data security concern has been one of the major hurdles preventing its widespread adoption of cloud. This paper proposes a Symmetric Encryption Algorithm (SEA) for data security in the cloud. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Traditionally, Cryptography techniques are used for data security. Encryption is a cryptography technique used for securing the data. The proposed algorithm in this paper is a symmetric encryption technique. The proposed algorithm executes the ASCII code of each value in the original data. Encryption is done before the data are sent to the cloud. Findings: Proposed SEA is implemented in JAVA and procedure of encryption and decryption of the SEA is evaluated in cloud storage. SEA reduces the time taken for encryption and decryption. Data are frequently uploaded to cloud; proposed SEA should not make latency in data uploading. The proposed algorithm is easily fit into cloud storage environment. SEA helps cloud users and cloud service providers to maintain the security of data in cloud storage. Cloud provider should not access data stored in cloud storage server. Hence, the SEA provides secure data storage environment in cloud. Application/Improvements: Security is more essential to data in the cloud. The proposed SEA provides better security to the data stored in the cloud storage. This technique is suitable to education, medical and agriculture community to securely store their data in cloud storage. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/jacs.8b10388 | Gold(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Annulations between Allenes and Alkene-Tethered Oxime Ethers: A Straight Entry to Highly Substituted Piperidines and aza-Bridged Medium-Sized Carbocycles | Piperidine scaffolds are present in a wide range of bioactive natural products and are therefore considered as highly valuable, privileged synthetic targets. In this manuscript, we describe a gold-catalyzed annulation strategy that allows a straightforward assembly of piperidines and piperidine-containing aza-bridged products from readily available alkene-tethered oxime ethers (or esters) and N-allenamides. Importantly, we demonstrate the advantages of using oxime derivatives over imines, something pertinent to the whole area of gold catalysis, and provide relevant mechanistic experiments that shed light into the factors affecting the annulation processes. Moreover, we also describe preliminary experiments demonstrating the viability of enantioselective versions of the above reactions. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W4200481506 | Low Accuracy of FIB-4 and NAFLD Fibrosis Scores for Screening for Liver Fibrosis in the Population | Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) are the 2 most popular noninvasive blood-based serum tests proposed for widespread fibrosis screening. We therefore aimed to describe the accuracy of FIB-4 and NFS to detect elevated liver stiffness as an indicator of hepatic fibrosis in low-prevalence populations.This study included a total of 5129 patients with concomitant measurement of FIB-4, NFS, and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by Fibroscan (Echosens, France) from 5 independent population-based cohorts from Spain, Hong Kong, Denmark, England, and France; 3979 participants from the general population and 1150 from at-risk cohorts due to alcohol, diabetes, or obesity. We correlated LSM with FIB-4 and NFS, and calculated pre- and post-test predictive values of FIB-4 and NFS to detect elevated LSM at 8 kPa and 12 kPa cutoffs. The mean age was 53 ± 12 years, the mean body mass index was 27 ± 5 kg/m2, and 2439 (57%) were women. One in 10 patients (552; 11%) had liver stiffness ≥8 kPa, but 239 of those (43%) had a normal FIB-4, and 171 (31%) had normal NFS. The proportion of false-negatives was higher in at-risk patients than the general population. FIB-4 was false-negative in 11% of diabetic subjects, compared with 2.5% false-negatives with NFS. Waist circumference outperformed FIB-4 and NFS for detecting LSM ≥8 kPa in the general population. Almost one-third (28%-29%) of elevated FIB-4/NFS were false-positive in both the general population and at-risk cohorts.FIB-4 and NFS are suboptimal for screening purposes due to a high risk of overdiagnosis and a non-negligible percentage of false-negatives, especially in patients with risk factors for chronic liver disease. Waist circumference emerged as a potential first step to identify patients at risk for liver fibrosis in the general population. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201526186 | Resolving The Stellar Activity Of The Mira Ab Binary With Alma | We present the size, shape and flux densities at millimeter continuum wavelengths, based on ALMA science verification observations in Band 3 (~94. 6 GHz) and Band 6 (~228. 7 GHz), from the binary Mira A (o Ceti) and Mira B. The Mira AB system has been observed with ALMA at a spatial resolution of down to ~25 mas. The extended atmosphere of Mira A and the wind around Mira B sources are resolved and we derive the size of Mira A and of the ionized region around Mira B. The spectral indices within Band 3 (between 89-100 GHz) and between Band 3 and Band 6 are also derived. The spectral index of Mira A is found to change from 1. 71+-0. 05 within Band 3 to 1. 54+-0. 04 between Band 3 and 6. The spectral index of Mira B is 1. 3+-0. 2 in Band 3, in good agreement with measurements at longer wavelengths. However it rises to 1. 72+-0. 11 between the bands. For the first time the extended atmosphere of a star is resolved at these frequencies and for Mira A the diameter is ~3. 8x3. 2 AU in Band 3 (with brightness temperature Tb~5300 K) and ~4. 0x3. 6 AU in Band 6 (Tb~2500 K). Additionally, a bright hotspot of ~0. 4 AU and with Tb~10000 K is found on the stellar disc of Mira A. The size of the ionized region around the accretion disk of Mira B is found to be ~2. 4 AU. The emission around Mira B is consistent with that from a partially ionized wind of gravitationally bound material from Mira A close to the accretion disk of Mira B. The Mira A atmosphere does not fully match predictions, with brightness temperatures in Band 3 significantly higher than expected, potentially due to shock heating. The hotspot is likely due to magnetic activity and could be related to the previously observed X-ray flare of Mira A. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1109/LSP.2013.2259478 | Distributed Multiple Component Turbo Codes For Cooperative Hybrid Arq | We design distributed multiple-component turbo-codes (MCTCs) for cooperative automatic repeat request (CARQ) aided systems, which are capable of attaining both a similar performance and throughput as the conventional twin-component turbo code (TCTC) aided system, while imposing a significantly lower decoding complexity. The reduction in the decoding complexity of the MCTC-CARQ scheme is a direct benefit of using low-memory MCTC component encoders, combined with the novel principle of deferred iteration (DI), where the decoding process is only initiated when sufficient information has been accumulated at the receiver so that an open tunnel exists in the Extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. In the presence of multiple collaborating relay nodes (RNs), the specific RN which succeeds in decoding the source message, and additionally, has the highest signal-to-noise ratio at the destination node is selected as the retransmission node. Our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed MCTC-CARQ protocol is capable of reducing the decoding complexity by up to 40% compared to its TCTC-CARQ counterpart, while achieving the same throughput and reliability. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
Q82305 | Innovative components of the safety structures of complex vehicles including deep-pressed and reinforced, without bonding elements | The aim of the project is to launch the production of innovative monomaterial components of complex-shaped vehicle safety structures, including deep pressed vehicles, with reinforcements without bonded elements, based on the results carried out in their own way by the Applicant of R & D works – proprietary hybrid plastic and thermal-plastic PHS technology. Obtaining more complex shapes, including greater depths of pressing of the component, without the use of bonded elements means the possibility to offer marcs with higher profiles (deep shapes), details characterised by a new closed form, with much greater strength and accuracy of surface mapping, with higher visual parameters, lighter and cheaper. The products will have unique global features: no bonding elements; the highest level of overpressure (2,2); a new complex contour shape; strength Rm (2000MPa), surface mapping accuracy (± 0.5 mm), less weight (by 20 %) compared to the competition. It is not possible to manufacture components with such characteristics using currently available technologies. In order to implement the proprietary technology and start the production of innovative components based on it, the purchase of: — 3D laser, pc. 1. — construction materials and works related to the extension of the hall by 2000 m²; — line PHS 800-1000T, pc.1; — transfer press 1600T, pc. 1. — equipment for controlling the atmosphere in the furnace and process control PHS, pcs. 1. SA 42799(2015/X), Article 13, 651/2014 | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/100 | The Adjoint Method Applied To Time Distance Helioseismology | For a given misfit function, a specified optimality measure of a model, its gradient describes the manner in which one may alter properties of the system to march toward a stationary point. The adjoint method, arising from partial-differential-equation-constrained optimization, describes a means of extracting derivatives of a misfit function with respect to model parameters through finite computation. It relies on the accurate calculation of wavefields that are driven by two types of sources, namely, the average wave-excitation spectrum, resulting in the forward wavefield, and differences between predictions and observations, resulting in an adjoint wavefield. All sensitivity kernels relevant to a given measurement emerge directly from the evaluation of an interaction integral involving these wavefields. The technique facilitates computation of sensitivity kernels (Frechet derivatives) relative to three-dimensional heterogeneous background models, thereby paving the way for nonlinear iterative inversions. An algorithm to perform such inversions using as many observations as desired is discussed. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1021/acsnano.5b00177 | Forces and thin water film drainage in deformable asymmetric nanoscale contacts | Gas-liquid interfaces are omnipresent in daily life, and processes involving these interfaces are the basis for a broad range of applications that span from established industrial processes to modern microengineering, technology, and medical applications for diagnosis and treatment. Despite the rapid progress in understanding intermolecular forces at such interfaces from a theoretical point of view and, in particular, from an experimental point of view down to sub-nanometer length scales, the quantitative description of all relevant forces, particularly the hydrophobic interaction and the dynamic behavior of nanometer-scale confined water films, was until now unsatisfactory. This situation is particularly the case for the elusive description and understanding of the origins of the so-called hydrophobic interaction. For soft, deformable interfaces, such as those found in asymmetric contacts between gas bubbles and a solid, a complete picture has begun to emerge that has direct consequences for interfacial water at (bio)interfaces, functionalized gas microbubbles, surface nanobubbles, and beyond. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.2514/6.2017-0884 | Live Blackboxes Requirements For Tracking And Verifying Aircraft In Motion | The Malaysian Airlines (MH370) aircraft went missing somewhere over the Indian Ocean two years ago. After intensive search since then, international team still has not been able to locate any first-hand evidence from the missing plane's flight data recorders (also known as ‘blackboxes'). To mitigate similar problems, a proposal has been made to analyse live streamed flight data using cloud computing; however, satellite communication is constrained by bandwidth and scalability challenges. In this paper, we propose five requirements for addressing these challenges. These requirements frame a class of monitoring problems that share some similar accuracy concerns around safety and security. We evaluate these requirements to assess the readiness of the proposed technology - which we call “live blackboxes" by using actual global scale data and performing an analysis of different live streaming intervals. Preprocessing with a locality-sensitive hashing function, it results in reduction of the required bandwidth by 4. 75 times. Therefore, to track and verify all civilian aircraft in motion, the scalability requirement could be satisfied by satellite communications. While the paper focuses on a particular problem in air traffic management, we speculate similar requirements for the continuous monitoring of critical systems. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2057575345 | Response of Tropical Cyclones to Idealized Climate Change Experiments in a Global High-Resolution Coupled General Circulation Model | Abstract The authors present an assessment of how tropical cyclone activity might change owing to the influence of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, using the U.K. High-Resolution Global Environment Model (HiGEM) with N144 resolution (~90 km in the atmosphere and ~40 km in the ocean). Tropical cyclones are identified using a feature-tracking algorithm applied to model output. Tropical cyclones from idealized 30-yr 2×CO2 (2CO2) and 4×CO2 (4CO2) simulations are compared to those identified in a 150-yr present-day simulation that is separated into a five-member ensemble of 30-yr integrations. Tropical cyclones are shown to decrease in frequency globally by 9% in the 2CO2 and 26% in the 4CO2. Tropical cyclones only become more intense in the 4CO2; however, uncoupled time slice experiments reveal an increase in intensity in the 2CO2. An investigation into the large-scale environmental conditions, known to influence tropical cyclone activity in the main development regions, is used to determine the response of tropical cyclone activity to increased atmospheric CO2. A weaker Walker circulation and a reduction in zonally averaged regions of updrafts lead to a shift in the location of tropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere. A decrease in mean ascent at 500 hPa contributes to the reduction of tropical cyclones in the 2CO2 in most basins. The larger reduction of tropical cyclones in the 4CO2 arises from further reduction of the mean ascent at 500 hPa and a large enhancement of vertical wind shear, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, North Atlantic, and northeast Pacific. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2115637879 | The Danish Cartoon Controversy and the Challenges of Multicultural Politics | Jytte Klausen's The Cartoons That Shook the World offers an interesting political science account of the Danish cartoon controversy and of a broader set of tensions between multiculturalism, civility, and freedom of expression. The book is also a fascinating case study of how political science can itself become the object of dispute, due to Yale University Press' decision to publish the book without any reproductions of the controversial cartoons. We have thus asked a range of political scientists to comment on the Danish cartoon imbroglio, the book's analysis of it, and the controversy over the book itself.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
634891 | Autoxidation of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (avoc) as a source of urban air pollution | Previous efforts to raise living standards have been based on relentlessly increasing combustion, causing environmental destruction at all scales. In addition to climate-warming CO2, fossil fuel combustion also produces a large number of organic compounds and particulate matter, which deteriorate air quality.
The atmosphere is cleansed from such pollutants by gas-phase oxidation reactions, which are invariably mediated by peroxy radicals (RO2). Oxidation transforms initially volatile and water-insoluble hydrocarbons into water-soluble forms (ultimately CO2), enabling scavenging by liquid droplets. A minor but crucially important alternative oxidation pathway leads to oxidative molecular growth, and formation of atmospheric aerosols. Aerosols impart a huge influence on the atmosphere, from local air quality issues to global climate forcing, yet their formation mechanisms and structures of organic aerosol precursors remains elusive.
In a paradigm change, RO2 was recently found to undergo autoxidation, enabling rapid aerosol precursor formation even at sub-second time-scales – in stark contrast to the long processing times (days - weeks) previously assumed to be necessary. We have shown how abundant biogenic hydrocarbons (BVOC) autoxidize, but due to key structural differences, the same pathways are not available for anthropogenic hydrocarbons (AVOC), and thus they were not expected to autoxidize. My preliminary experiments reveal that AVOCs do autoxidize, but the mechanism enabling this remain unknown. Crucially, the co-reactants shown to inhibit BVOC seem to enforce AVOC autoxidation – potentially explaining the recent mysterious discovery of new-particle formation in polluted megacities. In ADAPT, I will use a combination of novel mass spectrometric detection methods fortified by theoretical calculations, to solve the mechanism of AVOC autoxidation. This will directly assist both air quality management, and the design of cleaner fuels and engines. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2508149200 | The diagnosis of healthcare policy problems in Korea | The definition of a policy problem is important in all stages of the policy processes, and especially in presidential election seasons, which usually open the political window. We propose priorities among the policy problems of Korean healthcare by the positioning approach, which compares Korea with Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries using OECD health data. The range of positioning is 1 to -1 where 1 is the best or highest level among OECD countries, 0 is the average level, and -1 is the worst or lowest level. The positioning results show that the overall health status of Korea is good (positioning=0.34), but the suicide rate (-1.00) is a major problem. Healthcare human resources are scarce (-0.46), but rapidly increasing. Hospital beds and medical equipments are over-supplied (respectively 0.37, 0.33), but medical equipments that are utilized mainly in tertiary hospitals are below average. The utilization of healthcare is at the top level in doctors’ consultations (0.97) and average length of stay (0.65). The quality of in-patient care is good (0.35), but quality of out-patient care is poor (-0.36). Healthcare costs are low (-0.73), but their growth rate is high. Among healthcare costs, the policy problems are large pharmaceutical expenditures and many households with catastrophic expenditures. This study determined the priorities of healthcare policy problems in Korea. The next step is to search for the factors that influence these policy problems and develop their solutions. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1109/FOCS.2012.66 | Single Source All Sinks Max Flows In Planar Digraphs | Let $G = (V, E)$ be a planar $n$-vertex digraph. Consider the problem of computing max $st$-flow values in $G$ from a fixed source $s$ to all sinks $t \in V \set minus \{s\}$. We show how to solve this problem in near-linear $O(n \log^3 n)$ time. Previously, nothing better was known than running a single-source single-sink max flow algorithm $n-1$ times, giving a total time bound of $O(n^2 \log n)$ with the algorithm of Borradaile and Klein. An important implication is that all-pairs max $st$-flow values in $G$ can be computed in near-quadratic time. This is close to optimal as the output size is $\Theta(n^2)$. We give a quadratic lower bound on the number of distinct max flow values and an $\Omega(n^3)$ lower bound for the total size of all min cut-sets. This distinguishes the problem from the undirected case where the number of distinct max flow values is $O(n)$. Previous to our result, no algorithm which could solve the all-pairs max flow values problem faster than the time of $\Theta(n^2)$ max-flow computations for every planar digraph was known. This result is accompanied with a data structure that reports min cut-sets. For fixed $s$ and all $t$, after $O(n^{1. 5} \log^2 n)$ preprocessing time, it can report the set of arcs $C$ crossing a min $st$-cut in $O(|C|)$ time. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1101/gad.186866.112 | RNAi keeps Atf1-bound stress response genes in check at nuclear pores | RNAi pathways are prevalent throughout the eukaryotic kingdom and are well known to regulate gene expression on a post-transcriptional level in the cytoplasm. Less is known about possible functions of RNAi in the nucleus. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, RNAi is crucial to establish and maintain centromeric heterochromatin and functions to repress genome activity by a chromatin silencing mechanism referred to as cotranscriptional gene silencing (CTGS). Mechanistic details and the physiological relevance of CTGS are unknown. Here we show that RNAi components interact with chromatin at nuclear pores to keep stress response genes in check. We demonstrate that RNAi-mediated CTGS represses stress-inducible genes by degrading mRNAs under noninduced conditions. Under chronic heat stress conditions, a Dicer thermoswitch deports Dicer to the cytoplasm, thereby disrupting CTGS and enabling expression of genes implicated in the acquisition of thermotolerance. Taken together, our work highlights a role for nuclear pores and the stress response transcription factor Atf1 in coordinating the interplay between the RNAi machinery and the S. pombe genome and uncovers a novel mode of RNAi regulation in response to an environmental cue. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1086/663336 | Style Symbolism And Complex Technology The Middle Stone Age In Southern Africa A Response To Shea | Shea, in his response to our (2011) article, comments on the apparent relative “lateness” of archaeological evidence for “style, symbolism, and complex technology” associated with Homo sapiens in Africa and also why it appears to be particularly concentrated in the southern African region. In relation to this latter point, he asks whether this may not relate to an “artifact of sampling. ” Has the rest of Africa not been as systematically well excavated as in South Africa? We agree with him on both counts and grant that the archaeological record in most of Africa is too patchy to really fill in the missing gaps in our knowledge of the Middle Stone Age (MSA). There is also a preponderance of evidence after 100 ka that, at first glance, suggests a late evolutionary development in human symbolic behavior. In agreement with Shea, we also suggest this may relate to the simple fact that there are few well-preserved and well-dated sites in Africa associated with H. sapiens that predate this period. More MSA archaeological sites, carefully excavated and dated, are needed for us to develop our current knowledge of the role that symbolic material culture may have played in the behavioral evolution of H. sapiens. However, we should also point out that our knowledge of the African MSA has increased substantially in the past decade and that new information from a number of countries in Africa, apart from South Africa, and before the 77-ka Still Bay deadline that Shea refers to, has been most informative (e. g. , d’Errico and Henshilwood 2011). It is thus apparent that the Still Bay (c. 77–72-ka) and Howiesons Poort (c. 65–59-ka) technotraditions are not the oldest examples, nor the only ones in Africa, that have evidence for material culture that has embedded common meanings. Early examples include abstract designs, engraved on bone and ochre, with an age of c. 100 ka that were found in South Africa (Henshilwood, d’Errico, and Watts 2009). Finds of perforated marine shells used as personal ornaments—arguably the most convincing evidence of early symbolic material culture—are found at sites in South Africa (d’Errico et al. 2005; | [
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
628899 | Ground-Breaking retractable ship bow foils for unbeatable cost-saving, emission reduction and motion stabilization | Medium-size ships navigating in waves suffer up to 100% higher resistance than in calm water. This added resistance has several
consequences: 1) dramatic speed loss, 2) increase of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, and 3) dangerous roll (side to side) and
pitch (up and down) movement that causes seasickness and decreases crew productivity. Adding wings or foils to a ship bow can use wave energy to propel the ship forward and damp roll and pitch motions, stabilizing the ship. However, navigating with bow foils is counterproductive in certain situations, such as in calm or extreme weather, where the foils increase the ship resistance. A retraction and storage mechanism for the foils in these situations is desired, but until now no practical solution had been developed for bow foils retraction.
We, at Wavefoil, have developed the first ever retractable bow foils. Combining the use of strong and flexible composite materials with an
innovative and patent-pending vertical retraction mechanism, we have developed the first and only retractable bow foil modules that fit the narrow bow of any vessel. Our bow foils: 1) reduce the energy consumed to propel the ship by 5-20%, 2) reduce pitch and roll motion, promoting a more comfortable and productive trip, 3) can be retracted/deployed to optimize the ship performance for any given situation. Our unique foil retraction system allows, for the first time ever, to exploit the full range of benefits of bow foils. The SmartWings project aims to mature and bring to market a unique solution for ship stabilization and forward thrust for medium-size ships. The retractable foils will become our gold-standard product and will boost Wavefoil growth, generating €75m profits and 26 new job positions by 2027. In this time, commercialization will save 1,097k tonnes of CO2(eq) emissions and €179m for global shipping. Zero-emission ships are facilitated as they will need less reserve battery capacity to traverse rough seas. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/0951-7715/26/3/837 | Drastic Fall Off Of The Thermal Conductivity For Disordered Lattices In The Limit Of Weak Anharmonic Interactions | We study the thermal conductivity, at fixed positive temperature, of a disordered lattice of harmonic oscillators, weakly coupled to each other through anharmonic potentials. The interaction is controlled by a small parameter epsilon > 0. We rigorously show, in two slightly different setups, that the conductivity has a non-perturbative origin. This means that it decays to zero faster than any polynomial in epsilon as epsilon → 0. It is then argued that this result extends to a disordered chain studied by Dhar and Lebowitz (2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 134301), and to a classic spin chain recently investigated by Oganesyan, Pal and Huse (2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 115104). | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
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