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10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.10.007 | Efficient multidimensional regularization for Volterra series estimation | This paper presents an efficient nonparametric time domain nonlinear system identification method. It is shown how truncated Volterra series models can be efficiently estimated without the need of long, transient-free measurements. The method is a novel extension of the regularization methods that have been developed for impulse response estimates of linear time invariant systems. To avoid the excessive memory needs in case of long measurements or large number of estimated parameters, a practical gradient-based estimation method is also provided, leading to the same numerical results as the proposed Volterra estimation method. Moreover, the transient effects in the simulated output are removed by a special regularization method based on the novel ideas of transient removal for Linear Time-Varying (LTV) systems. Combining the proposed methodologies, the nonparametric Volterra models of the cascaded water tanks benchmark are presented in this paper. The results for different scenarios varying from a simple Finite Impulse Response (FIR) model to a 3rd degree Volterra series with and without transient removal are compared and studied. It is clear that the obtained models capture the system dynamics when tested on a validation dataset, and their performance is comparable with the white-box (physical) models. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
EP 18248109 A | QUATERNARY NICOTINAMIDE DERVIATIVES AS PRECURSORS FOR RELEASE OF MNA | The invention concerns pyridine salts derivatives which are O-substituted halides of 3-oxymethylaminocarbonyl-1-methylpyridine and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Disclosed compounds may be used as a medicament due to observed release of the active substance - N1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) by these compounds. Preferably compounds are claimed for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction. The invention also concerns the method of MNA release and the use of pyridine salts derivatives for selective release of MNA. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2900743499 | Definition and Time Evolution of Correlations in Classical Statistical Mechanics | The study of dense gases and liquids requires consideration of the interactions between the particles and the correlations created by these interactions. In this article, the N-variable distribution function which maximizes the Uncertainty (Shannon’s information entropy) and admits as marginals a set of (N−1)-variable distribution functions, is, by definition, free of N-order correlations. This way to define correlations is valid for stochastic systems described by discrete variables or continuous variables, for equilibrium or non-equilibrium states and correlations of the different orders can be defined and measured. This allows building the grand-canonical expressions of the uncertainty valid for either a dilute gas system or a dense gas system. At equilibrium, for both kinds of systems, the uncertainty becomes identical to the expression of the thermodynamic entropy. Two interesting by-products are also provided by the method: (i) The Kirkwood superposition approximation (ii) A series of generalized superposition approximations. A theorem on the temporal evolution of the relevant uncertainty for molecular systems governed by two-body forces is proved and a conjecture closely related to this theorem sheds new light on the origin of the irreversibility of molecular systems. In this respect, the irreplaceable role played by the three-body interactions is highlighted. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1109/TVT.2015.2483541 | Spectral Efficient Bidirectional Decode And Forward Relaying For Full Duplex Communication | As a benefit of sophisticated interference cancelation techniques, full-duplex (FD) transceiver design may become feasible, even possibly on the aggressive time-scale of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems. Hence, we further develop the recent bidirectional relaying [i. e. , the two-way half-duplex (HD) relaying] aided cooperative network to its more radical counterpart, which entirely consists of FD entities for the sake of adapting to emerging FD communication scenarios. In more detail, the proposed bidirectional relaying-aided FD network operates in a decode-and-forward (DF) style and exploits the advanced network coding (NC) concept. We analyze its achievable error-free data rate, where the effects of both the self-interference (SI) and of the geographic location of the relay node (RN) are evaluated. Furthermore, the potential variations of the networking scenario are also taken into account. Based on this theoretical analysis, the optimum rate allocation scheme maximizing the system's error-free data rate is found. Our results demonstrate that a significant spectral efficiency gain is achieved by the proposed system. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/c9sm00428a | Light-regulated molecular diffusion in a liquid crystal network | Photo-responsive liquid crystal polymer networks offer promising means to generate useful functional devices, but many of them focus on their mechanical response so as to generate surface features or shape change. Here, we present the photomechanical effect of the polymer network for molecular transport purposes. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2125799355 | Measurement of Intraocular Pressure with Pressure Phosphene Tonometry in Children | To study the accuracy and acceptability of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by the pressure phosphene tonometer, non-contact tonometer, and Goldmann tonometer in children.Fifty children (5 to 14 years old) participated in this prospective comparative study. IOP was measured with the pressure phosphene tonometer, non-contact tonometer, and Goldmann tonometer by three different examiners who were masked to the results. The children were also asked to grade the degree of discomfort from 0 to 5 (0 = no discomfort; 5 = most discomfort).The mean IOPs measured by the Goldmann tonometer, pressure phosphene tonometer, and non-contact tonometer were 15.9 mm Hg (standard deviation [SD]: = 5.5 mm Hg; range: 10 to 36 mm Hg), 16.0 mm Hg (SD: 2.9 mm Hg; range: 12 to 25 mm Hg), and 15.7 mm Hg (SD = 5.1 mm Hg; range: 8 to 32 mm Hg), respectively (P = .722). The mean difference between pressure phosphene tonometer and Goldmann tonometer readings was 2.9 mm Hg and that between non-contact tonometer and Goldmann tonometer readings was 2.1 mm Hg. The 95% confidence interval of the mean difference between pressure phosphene tonometer and Goldmann tonometer readings was -1.07 and 1.19, and that between non-contact tonometer and Goldmann tonometer readings was -1.07 and 0.53. The mean discomfort ratings for the pressure phosphene tonometer, non-contact tonometer, and Goldmann tonometer were 0.6, 2.0, and 2.3, respectively (P < .001).Although the pressure phosphene tonometer was less accurate than the non-contact tonometer compared with Goldmann tonometer, it gave a reasonably close estimate and had a high specificity of raised IOP. In addition, measurement by the pressure phosphene tonometer is most acceptable to children. The pressure phosphene tonometer can be considered as an alternative method of IOP measurement in children. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
864189 | Music at the Frontiers of Artificial Creativity and Criticism | Artificial intelligence (AI) is an especially disruptive technology, impacting a growing number of domains in ways both beneficial and detrimental. It is even showing surprising impacts in the Arts, provoking questions fundamental to philosophy, law, and engineering, not to mention practices in the Arts themselves. MUSAiC is an interdisciplinary research venture confronting questions and challenges at the frontier of the AI disruption of music. It aims to analyze, criticize and fundamentally broaden the AI transformation of three interrelated music practices: 1) listening, 2) composition and performance, and 3) analysis and criticism. For each practice, and grounded in two specific music traditions (Irish and Swedish), MUSAiC will document and critically analyze the impacts of and ethical issues surrounding AI. MUSAiC will formulate and implement the first music pedagogy for AI, the lack of which continues to result in the creation of AI systems that have only a surface knowledge of music. From this pedagogy, MUSAiC will develop new holistic methods for understanding and benchmarking AI, and improving them and their application. It will implement and test novel AI systems that dynamically adapt to specific users as “digital apprentices”, thus bringing human-AI music partnerships to new levels of fruitfulness. The outcomes of MUSAiC will facilitate applications of AI to music in robust and responsible ways, impacting a wide variety of stakeholders. It will not only prepare music practitioners and audiences of the present (human and artificial) for new ways of listening, working, appraising, and developing the art form, but will also pave the way for analyzing, criticizing and broadening the AI transformation of the other Arts. The PI, a leading figure in music AI and music informatics, is employed at a world-leading research department at the top-rated technical university in Sweden. He is also a composer, frequently illustrating his research outcomes through music. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W2089511272 | Hydrothermal carbonization of anaerobically digested maize silage | Hydrochars were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of maize silage previously treated at 55 °C in a two-stage solid-state reactor system. The HTC was carried out in a 1-L stirred pressure reactor with pH regulation by citric acid. The treated silage carbonized at relatively mild conditions (190 °C, 2 h), and the hydrochars showed mainly amorphous macro-size features with a carbon content of 59-79% (ash-free, dry) and a higher heating value of 25-36 MJ kg⁻¹. Temperature was the main influencing factor. The surface area according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis was highest at 190 °C (12.3 m²) g⁻¹). Based on these results, the hydrochars are potentially interesting for applications such as an alternative fuel or a soil conditioner. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2000540363 | Unilateral hearing during development: hemispheric specificity in plastic reorganizations | The present study investigates the hemispheric contributions of neuronal reorganization following early single-sided hearing (unilateral deafness). The experiments were performed on ten cats from our colony of deaf white cats. Two were identified in early hearing screening as unilaterally congenitally deaf. The remaining eight were bilaterally congenitally deaf, unilaterally implanted at different ages with a cochlear implant. Implanted animals were chronically stimulated using a single-channel portable signal processor for two to five months. Microelectrode recordings were performed at the primary auditory cortex under stimulation at the hearing and deaf ear with bilateral cochlear implants. Local field potentials (LFPs) were compared at the cortex ipsilateral and contralateral to the hearing ear. The focus of the study was on the morphology and the onset latency of the LFPs. With respect to morphology of LFPs, pronounced hemisphere-specific effects were observed. Morphology of amplitude-normalized LFPs for stimulation of the deaf and the hearing ear was similar for responses recorded at the same hemisphere. However, when comparisons were performed between the hemispheres, the morphology was more dissimilar even though the same ear was stimulated. This demonstrates hemispheric specificity of some cortical adaptations irrespective of the ear stimulated. The results suggest a specific adaptation process at the hemisphere ipsilateral to the hearing ear, involving specific (down-regulated inhibitory) mechanisms not found in the contralateral hemisphere. Finally, onset latencies revealed that the sensitive period for the cortex ipsilateral to the hearing ear is shorter than that for the contralateral cortex. Unilateral hearing experience leads to a functionally-asymmetric brain with different neuronal reorganizations and different sensitive periods involved. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-05161-1_17 | Modulation Of Trp Ion Channels By Venomous Toxins | Venoms are evolutionarily fine-tuned mixtures of small molecules, peptides, and proteins—referred to as toxins—that have evolved to specifically modulate and interfere with the function of diverse molecular targets within the envenomated animal. Many of the identified toxin targets are membrane receptors and ion channels. Due to their high specificity, toxins have emerged as an invaluable tool set for the molecular characterization of ion channels, and a selected group of toxins even have been developed into therapeutics. More recently, TRP ion channels have been included as targets for venomous toxins. In particular, a number of apparently unrelated peptide toxins target the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 to produce inflammatory pain. These toxins have turned out to be invaluable for structural and functional characterizations of the capsaicin receptor. If toxins will serve similar roles for other TRP ion channels, only future will tell. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.038 | Modeling framework for the establishment of the apical-basal embryonic axis in plants | The apical-basal axis of the early plant embryo determines the body plan of the adult organism. To establish a polarized embryonic axis, plants evolved a unique mechanism that involves directional, cell-to-cell transport of the growth regulator auxin. Auxin transport relies on PIN auxin transporters [1], whose polar subcellular localization determines the flow directionality. PIN-mediated auxin transport mediates the spatial and temporal activity of the auxin response machinery [2-7] that contributes to embryo patterning processes, including establishment of the apical (shoot) and basal (root) embryo poles [8]. However, little is known of upstream mechanisms guiding the (re)polarization of auxin fluxes during embryogenesis [9]. Here, we developed a model of plant embryogenesis that correctly generates emergent cell polarities and auxin-mediated sequential initiation of apical-basal axis of plant embryo. The model relies on two precisely localized auxin sources and a feedback between auxin and the polar, subcellular PIN transporter localization. Simulations reproduced PIN polarity and auxin distribution, as well as previously unknown polarization events during early embryogenesis. The spectrum of validated model predictions suggests that our model corresponds to a minimal mechanistic framework for initiation and orientation of the apical-basal axis to guide both embryonic and postembryonic plant development. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.042 | Microfluidic assembly of a nano-in-micro dual drug delivery platform composed of halloysite nanotubes and a pH-responsive polymer for colon cancer therapy | Harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract hinder the oral delivery of many drugs. Developing oral drug delivery systems based on commercially available materials is becoming more challenging due to the demand for simultaneously delivering physicochemically different drugs for treating complex diseases. A novel architecture, namely nanotube-in-microsphere, was developed as a drug delivery platform by encapsulating halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in a pH-responsive hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate polymer using microfluidics. HNTs were selected as orally acceptable clay mineral and their lumen was enlarged by selective acid etching. Model drugs (atorvastatin and celecoxib) with different physicochemical properties and synergistic effect on colon cancer prevention and inhibition were simultaneously incorporated into the microspheres at a precise ratio, with atorvastatin and celecoxib being loaded in the HNTs and polymer matrix, respectively. The microspheres showed spherical shape, narrow particle size distribution and pH-responsive dissolution behavior. This nanotube/pH-responsive polymer composite protected the loaded drugs from premature release at pH ⩽ 6. 5, but allowed their fast release and enhanced the drug permeability, and the inhibition of colon cancer cell proliferation at pH 7. 4. Overall, the nano-in-micro drug delivery composite fabricated by microfluidics is a promising and flexible platform for the delivery of multiple drugs for combination therapy. Statement of Significance Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are attracting increasing attention for drug delivery applications. However, conventional HNTs-based oral drug delivery systems are lack of the capability to precisely control the drug release at a desired site in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, a nanotube-in-microsphere drug delivery platform is developed by encapsulating HNTs in a pH-responsive polymer using microfluidics. Drugs with different physicochemical properties and synergistic effect on colon cancer therapy were simultaneously incorporated in the microspheres. The prepared microspheres prevented the premature release of the loaded drugs after exposure to the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, but allowed their simultaneously fast release, and enhanced the drug permeability and the inhibition of colon cancer cell proliferation in response to the colon pH. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1084/jem.20151100 | Dietary restriction improves repopulation but impairs lymphoid differentiation capacity of hematopoietic stem cells in early aging | Dietary restriction (DR) improves health, delays tissue aging, and elongates survival in flies and worms. However, studies on laboratory mice and nonhuman primates revealed ambiguous effects of DR on lifespan despite improvements in health parameters. In this study, we analyzed consequences of adult-onset DR (24 h to 1 yr) on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. DR ameliorated HSC aging phenotypes, such as the increase in number of HSCs and the skewing toward myeloid-biased HSCs during aging. Furthermore, DR increased HSC quiescence and improved the maintenance of the repopulation capacity of HSCs during aging. In contrast to these beneficial effects, DR strongly impaired HSC differentiation into lymphoid lineages and particularly inhibited the proliferation of lymphoid progenitors, resulting in decreased production of peripheral B lymphocytes and impaired immune function. The study shows that DR-dependent suppression of growth factors and interleukins mediates these divergent effects caused by DR. Supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 partially reverted the DR-induced quiescence of HSCs, whereas IL-6/IL-7 substitutions rescued the impairment of B lymphopoiesis exposed to DR. Together, these findings delineate positive and negative effects of long-term DR on HSC functionality involving distinct stress and growth signaling pathways. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/49 | The Final Parsec Problem In The Collisionless Limit | A binary supermassive black hole loses energy via ejection of stars in a galactic nucleus, until emission of gravitational waves becomes strong enough to induce rapid coalescence. Evolution via the gravitational slingshot requires that stars be continuously supplied to the binary, and it is known that in spherical galaxies the reservoir of such stars is quickly depleted, leading to stalling of the binary at parsec-scale separations. Recent N-body simulations of galaxy mergers and isolated nonspherical galaxies suggest that this stalling may not occur in less idealized systems. However, it remains unclear to what degree these conclusions are affected by collisional relaxation, which is much stronger in the numerical simulations than in real galaxies. In this study, we present a novel Monte Carlo method that can efficiently deal with both collisional and collisionless dynamics, and with galaxy models having arbitrary shapes. We show that without relaxation, the final-parsec problem may be overcome only in triaxial galaxies. Axisymmetry is not enough, but even a moderate departure from axisymmetry is sufficient to keep the binary shrinking. We find that the binary hardening rate is always substantially lower than the maximum possible, "full-loss-cone" rate, and that it decreases with time, but that stellar-dynamical interactions are nevertheless able to drive the binary to coalescence on a timescale lesssim1 Gyr in any triaxial galaxy. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
IN 2018050789 W | PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF ENZALUTAMIDE USING NOVEL INTERMEDIATE | Process for preparation of Enzalutamide using novel intermediate Provided herein is a process for the preparation of a novel [4-cyano-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamodithioic acid and its use in preparation of Enzalutamide being cost effective with higher yield, higher HPLC purity with reduced impurities. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1364/OPN.24.12.000055 | Ultrafast Single Shot Measurements In Modulation Instability And Supercontinuum | The real-time measurement of ultrafast noisy processes is challenging because it requires single-shot resolution, broadband fidelity and long-record length. It is especially difficult to measure fluctuations in the optical supercontinuum, a white light source that can span over an octave in bandwidth. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W4283727521 | Juan DÍAZ ÁLVAREZ (coord.), «Cultura académica y monarquía en el siglo XVIII», Gijón, Ediciones Trea, 2020, 319 págs. | Sin resumen. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W4289263243 | RAZÃO E INTELECTO | O mundo sensível é conhecido por intermédio da nossa sensibilidade. Além da faculdade da sensibilidade, a pessoa humana possui também as faculdades da razão e do intelecto. No entanto, parece que nossa cultura do século XXI tenha perdido o sentido dessas duas faculdades; que tenha entendido que o intelecto nada mais seja do que razão, e que o termo “razão” valha para indicar todas as dimensões ou capacidades da inteligência humana. Nossa reflexão gostaria de se debruçar sobre essa tendência cultural e criticá-la, percorrendo algumas das etapas históricas da constituição da diferença entre “razão” e “intelecto”: em primeiro lugar, na Grécia, com Sócrates, Platão e Aristóteles; depois no século XIII, com Tomás de Aquino; por fim, na modernidade, com Descartes e Kant. Dir-se-á que a falta de integração entre razão e intelecto de modo algum conduz a humanidade em direção da sua plenitude, muito pelo contrário, a priva da excelência de sua própria essência. | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.030 | Regenerative potential of silk conduits in repair of peripheral nerve injury in adult rats | Various attempts have been made to develop artificial conduits for nerve repair, but with limited success. We describe here conduits made from Bombyx mori regenerated silk protein, and containing luminal fibres of Spidrex ®, a silk-based biomaterial with properties similar to those of spider silk. Assessment in vitro demonstrated that Spidrex ® fibres support neurite outgrowth. For evaluation in vivo, silk conduits 10 mm in length and containing 0, 100, 200 or 300 luminal Spidrex ® fibres, were implanted to bridge an 8 mm gap in the rat sciatic nerve. At 4 weeks, conduits containing 200 luminal Spidrex ® fibres (PN200) supported 62% and 59% as much axon growth as autologous nerve graft controls at mid-conduit and distal nerve respectively. Furthermore, Spidrex ® conduits displayed similar Schwann cell support and macrophage response to controls. At 12 weeks, animals implanted with PN200 conduits showed similar numbers of myelinated axons (81%) to controls, similar gastrocnemius muscle innervation, and similar hindpaw stance assessed by Catwalk footprint analysis. Plantar skin innervation was 73% of that of controls. PN200 Spidrex ® conduits were also effective at bridging longer (11 and 13 mm) gaps. Our results show that Spidrex ® conduits promote excellent axonal regeneration and function recovery, and may have potential for clinical application. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
217673 | Innovative production system for work boat catamarans | Catmarine Production System (CPS) delivers to the market work-boat catamaran conceived to fit several work-boats target markets, focusing on building flexibility and a high quality/price ratio.
CPS combines together different construction technology; Motherboard Production System (MPS), Modular Moulding System (MMS) and work boat catamarans are assembled utilising the LEGO methodology.
With a single set of modular mould CPS is able to built an entire family of work boat catamarans allowing changes in dimension, dynamics characteristics and on-board equipment thus fulfilling the customisation needs of professional end users and create a series of products which are more convenient of current fibreglass mass production boats and with less time to market than direct competitors.
The INCAT innovation project intends to improve the production line enhancing the modularity techniques, reduce production time and to adapt CPS modular production technique to aluminium moulds to allow polypropylene (PP) work boat production. PP is a harder wearing and more corrosion resistant material for which, unlike the fibreglass, is virtually free from maintenance; in addition, it is 100% recyclable.
A preliminary poll with potential partners has aroused remarkable interest for CPS technology: namely 8 expression of interest have been received from 5 European countries.
The Phase 1 is intended to assess technical and commercial feasibility to adapt CPS technology in PP work boat building while Phase 2 is intended to support INCAT consortium to test production line and prototype and the launch of the new product on the markets.
INCAT consortium intend to commercialise a work-boat catamaran family fitted to be employed in different market segment and different sea basins such as Mediterranean, North Sea and Baltic, thus enhancing European leadership in eco-innovation boat building and will foster SMEs collaboration among different European sea basins in the nautical supply chains. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W4392258766 | On the narratives of the joys and aporias of individuation: the approximation of youth practices in the Brazilian popular neighborhoods | Les discussions proposées dans cet article se situent dans le cadre de la sociologie de la jeunesse et narrent des pratiques juvéniles dans des quartiers populaires, en vue de les articuler analytiquement à des processus d'individuation dans des contextes quotidiennement traversés de marqueurs d'inégalité sociale. Nous cherchons ainsi à comprendre comment des jeunes participent au circuit du football et à celui de la musique funk brésilienne, en soulignant la manière dont ils font face aux défis structurels évoqués dans leurs expériences. Pour y parvenir, nous nous appuyons notamment sur les contributions de Danilo Martuccelli et recourons, sur le terrain, à l'observation ethnographique et à des entretiens narratifs complémentaires, réalisés dans deux territoires socialement vulnérables de la ville de Porto Alegre, au Brésil. À partir de nos incursions, nous considérons que les pratiques sur place engendrent des inscriptions mnémoniques de joie, au milieu d'individuations agentiques et de performances singularistes, renvoyant à la fois à l'historicité loco-interactionnelle et aux apories existentielles dans « l’épreuve de soi ». | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
309540 | Compensatory Evolution and Epistasis in Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Multidrug-resistant bacteria are a global threat to public health and the economy. Studies in model organisms suggest compensatory evolution and epistatic interactions between drug resistance-conferring mutations are important drivers of drug resistance. However, the relevance of these factors for the emergence and transmission of human pathogenic bacteria has not been established. To bridge the gap between laboratory experimentation and epidemiology, I propose a multidisciplinary approach focusing on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of human tuberculosis (TB). Specifically, I shall combine experimental evolution and fitness assays in vitro and in human macrophages with comparative genome sequencing, RNAseq-based transcriptomics, and population-based molecular epidemiology to:
1) Identify and characterize compensatory mutations in M. tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin, streptomycin, and ofloxacin;
2) Detect epistasis between drug resistance-conferring mutations in different strain genetic backgrounds;
3) Investigate the effect of drug resistance-conferring mutations, compensatory mutations, and their epistatic interactions on the M. tuberculosis transcriptome.
The strength of my approach lies in the integration of an experimentally tractable model system (Mycobacterium smegmatis) with targeted validation experiments in clinically relevant M. tuberculosis, and comprehensive molecular epidemiological data collected prospectively in Georgia, a country with a high-burden of multidrug-resistant TB.
Through its multidisciplinary nature, this project will simultaneously test predictions from ecological theory and experimental models, generate new insights into the biology and epidemiology of multidrug-resistant TB, and ultimately contribute to the control of one of humankind’s most important infectious diseases. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP02(2016)068 | Evaluation Of Conformal Integrals | We present a comprehensive method for the evaluation of a vast class of integrals representing 3-point functions of conformal field theories in momentum space. The method leads to analytic, closed-form expressions for all scalar and tensorial 3-point functions of operators with integer dimensions in any spacetime dimension. In particular, this encompasses all 3-point functions of the stress tensor, conserved currents and marginal scalar operators. | [
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/s11406-016-9726-7 | Forgiveness, Representative Judgement and Love of the World: Exploring the Political Significance of Forgiveness in the Context of Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Debates | The article examines the political challenge and significance of forgiveness as an indispensable response to the inherently imperfect and tragic nature of political life through the lens of the existential, narrative-inspired judging sensibility. While the political significance of forgiveness has been broadly recognized in transitional justice and reconciliation contexts, the question of its importance and appropriateness in the wake of grave injustice and suffering has commonly been approached through constructing a self-centred, rule-based framework, defining forgiveness in terms of a moral duty or virtue. Reliant on a set of prefabricated moral standards, however, this approach risks abstracting from the historical, situated condition of human political existence and thus arguably stands at a remove from the very quandaries and imperfections of the political world, which it purports to address. Against this background, this article draws on Albert Camus’s and Hannah Arendt’s aesthetic, worldly judging sensibility and its ability to kindle the process of coming to terms with the absurd, and perhaps unforgivable character of reality after evil. As an aptitude to engage the world in its particularity, plurality and contingency rather than seeking to subdue and tame it under prefabricated standards of thought, namely, worldly judgement is able to reveal how past tragedies have arisen from the ambiguity of human engagement in the world and thereby also elicit the distinctly human capacities of beginning anew and resisting such actions in the future. As such, I suggest, it is well-suited to bring into clearer focus and confront the main political challenge and significance of forgiveness: how to acknowledge the seriousness of the wrongs committed, yet also enable the possibility of a new beginning and restore among former enemies the sense of responsibility for the shared world. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W2495752092 | CO<sub>2</sub>-full factorial optimization of an ultra-high performance concrete mix design | This article presents a factorial modelling, as well as an optimization, of the mix proportion of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in terms of maximising the 28-day strength and minimising CO2 emissions. A full factorial design and desirability function optimization method were performed to find the best UHPC ingredient proportions. To improve the concrete properties, the concrete performance in terms of CO2 emissions and environment effects should be considered. Ultra-high performance with superior properties requires a large amount of cement, steel fibre and an admixture; however, from an environmental perspective, cement and admixtures and steel fibre are the important matter for global warming as cement production corresponds to 5% of all the CO2 emissions around the world. In addition, the 28-day compressive strength is one of the most important properties of concrete and is related to other mechanical properties; therefore, the 28-day compressive strength and carbon oxide emissions were select... | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
294650 | Oncogene-Induced DNA Damage in Cancer | I recently proposed a model that helps explain the presence of p53 mutations and genomic instability in human cancers (Nature, 2005; Nature 2006; Science 2008). The key features of this model are that oncogenes induce DNA replication stress, which in turn leads to DNA double-strand breaks, genomic instability and p53-induced senescence or apoptosis. This model is relevant for almost all cancer types and explains the spectrum of mutations being reported in thousands of human cancers by the cancer sequencing consortia.
In this project, I propose to take the next logical steps that follow from my discovery. Specifically, I propose the following objectives:
1. Elucidate the mechanisms by which oncogenes induce DNA replication stress. Oncogene-induced genomic deletions map within very large actively transcribed genes. Accordingly, I hypothesize that oncogenes and transcription synergistically disrupt pre-replicative complexes resulting in large genomic regions that have a low density of replication initiation events. To test this hypothesis, I propose to introduce by site-directed homologous recombination a transcription termination sequence at the beginning of very large gene and determine whether it remains sensitive to oncogene-induced genomic instability. Genome-wide transcription and DNA replication patterns will also be examined in cells that are sensitive to oncogene-induced DNA replication stress (most somatic cells and cell lines) and cells that are resistant (induced pluripotent stem cells).
2. Identify and characterize genes necessary for proliferation of cells with oncogene-induced DNA replication stress. Using high throughput siRNA screens we will identify genes, whose depletion inhibits proliferation of cells with oncogene-induced DNA replication stress, without affecting normal cells. We will explore the function of these genes using molecular biology, structural biology and genetic approaches. Some promising candidates have already been identified. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.013 | Lengthening of the stargazin cytoplasmic tail increases synaptic transmission by promoting interaction to deeper domains of PSD-95 | PSD-95 is a prominent organizer of the postsynaptic density (PSD) that can present a filamentous orientation perpendicular to the plasma membrane. Interactions between PSD-95 and transmembrane proteins might be particularly sensitive to this orientation, as"long" cytoplasmic tails might be required to reach deeper PSD-95 domains. Extension/retraction of transmembrane protein C-tails offer a new way of regulating binding to PSD-95. Using stargazin as a model, we found that enhancing the apparent length of stargazin C-tail through phosphorylation or by an artificial linker was sufficient to potentiate binding to PSD-95, AMPAR anchoring, and synaptic transmission. A linear extension of stargazin C-tail facilitates binding to PSD-95 by preferentially engaging interaction with the farthest located PDZ domains regarding to the plasma membrane, which present a greater affinity for the stargazin PDZ-domain-binding motif. Our study reveals that the concerted orientation of the stargazin C-tail and PSD-95 is a major determinant of synaptic strength. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/jhep02(2020)039 | Invisible and displaced dark matter signatures at Belle II | Abstract
Many dark matter models generically predict invisible and displaced signatures at Belle II, but even striking events may be missed by the currently implemented search programme because of inefficient trigger algorithms. Of particular interest are final states with a single photon accompanied by missing energy and a displaced pair of electrons, muons, or hadrons. We argue that a displaced vertex trigger will be essential to achieve optimal sensitivity at Belle II. To illustrate this point, we study a simple but well-motivated model of thermal inelastic dark matter in which this signature naturally occurs and show that otherwise inaccessible regions of parameter space can be tested with such a search. We also evaluate the sensitivity of single-photon searches at BaBar and Belle II to this model and provide detailed calculations of the relic density target. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
Q14722 | AVL export support | The aim of the project is to support the participation in a series of international trade fairs between 2016 and 2018 (strengthening position on international markets, mainly European and Asian), the long-term competitiveness of the company in the high-pressure armaments market and metalworking. a. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/jxb/erw392 | Companion cells: A diamond in the rough | Vascular plants have developed highly specialized cells to transport nutrients and developmental signals. The differentiation process includes the degradation of multiple organelles of the sieve element cells (SEs) to facilitate transport and, as a consequence, SEs become dependent on neighboring companion cells (CCs). Despite its importance for phloem function and flowering time control, CCs are still a mysterious cell type. In this review, we gather all the genes known to be expressed in CCs, in different organs and organisms, with the objective of better understanding CC identity and function. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevA.95.043426 | Control of photoemission delay in resonant two-photon transitions | The photoelectron emission time delay τ associated with one-photon absorption, which coincides with half the Wigner delay τW experienced by an electron scattered off the ionic potential, is a fundamental descriptor of the photoelectric effect. Although it is hard to access directly from experiment, it is possible to infer it from the time delay of two-photon transitions, τ(2), measured with attosecond pump-probe schemes, provided that the contribution of the probe stage can be factored out. In the absence of resonances, τ can be expressed as the energy derivative of the one-photon ionization amplitude phase, τ=∂EargDEg, and, to a good approximation, τ=τ(2)-τcc, where τcc is associated with the dipole transition between Coulomb functions. Here we show that, in the presence of a resonance, the correspondence between τ and ∂EargDEg is lost. Furthermore, while τ(2) can still be written as the energy derivative of the two-photon ionization amplitude phase, ∂EargDEg(2), it does not have any scattering counterpart. Indeed, τ(2) can be much larger than the lifetime of an intermediate resonance in the two-photon process or more negative than the lower bound imposed on scattering delays by causality. Finally, we show that τ(2) is controlled by the frequency of the probe pulse, ωIR, so that by varying ωIR, it is possible to radically alter the photoelectron group delay. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
219742 | Deciphering the mycobiome of indoor environments by high-throughput sequencing | Fungi have ubiquitous distribution in natural ecosystems and are also common in the built environment, where people spend major parts of their lifetime. When moisture is present, fungal growth can cause material deterioration and adverse effects on the occupant’s health. Traditional methods for analyzing the indoor mycobiome, such as culturing and microscopy, have severe limitations.
In this project we will improve the knowledge about the indoor mycobiome in Northern Europe by combining air sampling with high-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) and qPCR. We will (i) construct a reference DNA sequence collection for indoor fungi, (ii) analyze the small-scale spatiotemporal variation of the indoor mycobiome within selected buildings, including a complete description of all indoor compartments, and (iii) characterize the geographic variation of the indoor mycobiome on a larger spatial scale (Scandinavia) through an aerobiological study of more than 200 buildings.
The project will be conducted at the Oslo Mycology Group (University of Oslo) in close collaboration with the Norwegian consulting firm Mycoteam AS, which possesses 30 years expertise on indoor fungi. The project will improve our basic understanding about the indoor mycobiome, which will help to control fungal outbreaks as well as their adverse effects on building materials and occupants. Results from this study will be a first step towards a streamlined HTS based indoor mycobiome profiling approach with a commercial potential.
This intersectoral project involves relevant expertise in fungal biology, building mycology, DNA analyses, and bioinformatics, and will provide a highly professional framework for the Experienced Researcher, as well as an excellent basis for his further development as an independent researcher. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1039/C5CP02145F | Anion Resonances And Above Threshold Dynamics Of Coenzyme Q0 | Temporary radical anions (resonances) of isolated co enzyme Q0 (CQ0) and their associated above-threshold dynamics have been studied using frequency-, angle-, and time-resolved photoelectron imaging (FAT-PI). Experimental energetics and dynamics are supported with ab initio calculations. All results support that CQ0 exhibits similar resonances and energetics compared with the smaller para-benzoquinone subunit, which is commonly considered as a prototype electrophore for larger biological para-quinone species. However, the above-threshold dynamics in CQ0 relative to para-benzoquinone show significantly enhanced prompt detachment compared with internal conversion, particularly around the photoexcitation energy of 3. 10 eV. The change in dynamics can be attributed to a combination of an increase in the shape character of the optically-accessible resonance at this energy, a decrease in the autodetachment lifetime due to the higher density of states in the neutral, and a decrease in the probability that the wavepacket formed in the Franck–Condon window can access the local conical intersection in CQ0 over the timescale of autodetachment. Overall, this study serves as a clear example in understanding the trends in spectroscopy and dynamics in relating a simple prototypical para-quinone electrophore to a more complex biochemical species. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
3740997 | Towards comprehensive maps of tree structure and function: linking tree architecture, anatomy and physiology | There is a striking diversity of tree architectural and anatomical forms worldwide. The functional meaning of several conspicuous architectural and anatomical spectra, and their costs and benefits remain obscure. For example, it is unknown why some tree stems are composed of large portions of living cells while others are mainly built of dead cells. Moreover, we do not understand how architecture and anatomy are coordinated. Better comprehension of these two types of structural variation is critical because they both govern tree resource acquisition, distribution and usage, as well as mechanical stability. These processes, in turn, affect tree competitive ability and reproductive success. Ultimately, tree structural strategies shape forest structure and function, and its response to current and future climate. Our present understanding of tree architecture hinge on theory and models due to a lack of architecture data, but recent advances in terrestrial laser scanning methods allow quick and precise measurements of tree architecture. Seizing this technological opportunity, treeMAAP will quantify architectural, anatomical and physiological traits to assess how they govern three major functions: water transport, mechanical stability and respiration. 15 diverse tropical tree species will be studied. TreeMAAP main objectives are: 1) to determine how anatomy and architecture coordinate to achieve a given functional outcome, and 2) to examine how water transport efficiency, mechanical stability and respiration rates trade-off at the local, organ and whole-tree level. By integrating architecture, anatomy and physiology, treeMAAP will provide entirely new perspective on tree structural diversity and its functional implications. The new knowledge will advance functional wood anatomy, functional ecology, physiology and vegetation modelling and will likely stimulate fresh and innovative research directions. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002934 | Measurements of the Impact of 3′ End Sequences on Gene Expression Reveal Wide Range and Sequence Dependent Effects | A full understanding of gene regulation requires an understanding of the contributions that the various regulatory regions have on gene expression. Although it is well established that sequences downstream of the main promoter can affect expression, our understanding of the scale of this effect and how it is encoded in the DNA is limited. Here, to measure the effect of native S. cerevisiae 3′ end sequences on expression, we constructed a library of 85 fluorescent reporter strains that differ only in their 3′ end region. Notably, despite being driven by the same strong promoter, our library spans a continuous twelve-fold range of expression values. These measurements correlate with endogenous mRNA levels, suggesting that the 3′ end contributes to constitutive differences in mRNA levels. We used deep sequencing to map the 3′UTR ends of our strains and show that determination of polyadenylation sites is intrinsic to the local 3′ end sequence. Polyadenylation mapping was followed by sequence analysis, we found that increased A/T content upstream of the main polyadenylation site correlates with higher expression, both in the library and genome-wide, suggesting that native genes differ by the encoded efficiency of 3′ end processing. Finally, we use single cells fluorescence measurements, in different promoter activation levels, to show that 3′ end sequences modulate protein expression dynamics differently than promoters, by predominantly affecting the size of protein production bursts as opposed to the frequency at which these bursts occur. Altogether, our results lead to a more complete understanding of gene regulation by demonstrating that 3′ end regions have a unique and sequence dependent effect on gene expression. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1002/ecs2.3078 | Disentangling local, metapopulation, and cross-community sources of stabilization and asynchrony in metacommunities | Asynchronous fluctuations of populations are essential for maintaining stable levels of biomass and ecosystem function in landscapes. Yet, understanding the stabilization of metacommunities by asynchrony is complicated by the existence of multiple forms of asynchrony that are typically studied independently: Community ecologists, for instance, focus on asynchrony within and among local communities, while population ecologists emphasize asynchrony of populations in metapopulations. Still, other forms of asynchrony, such as that which underlies the spatial insurance effect, are not captured by any existing analytical frameworks. We therefore developed a framework that would in one analysis unmask the stabilizing roles of local communities and metapopulations and so unify these perspectives. Our framework shows that metacommunity stabilization arises from one local and two regional forms of asynchrony: (1) asynchrony among species of a local community, (2) asynchrony among populations of a metapopulation, and (3) cross-community asynchrony, which is between different species in different local communities and underlies spatial insurance. For each type of stabilization, we derived links to diversity indices and associated diversity–stability relationships. We deployed this framework in a set of rock pool invertebrate metacommunities in Discovery Bay, Jamaica, to partition sources of stabilization and test their dependence on diversity. Cross-community asynchrony was the dominant form of stabilization, accounting for >60% of total metacommunity stabilization despite being undetectable with existing frameworks. Environmental variation influenced types of stabilization through different mechanisms. pH and dissolved oxygen, for example, increased asynchrony by decorrelating local species, while salinity did so by changing the abundance structure of metapopulations. Lastly, all types of asynchrony depended strongly on different types of diversity (alpha, metapopulation, and beta diversity drove local, metapopulation, and cross-community asynchrony, respectively) to produce multiple diversity–stability relationships within metacommunities. Our new partition of metacommunity dynamics highlights how different elements—from local communities to metapopulations—combine to stabilize metacommunities and depend critically on contrasting environmental regimes and diversities. Understanding and balancing these sources of stability in dynamic landscapes is a looming challenge for the future. We suggest that synthetic frameworks which merge ecological perspectives will be essential for grasping and safeguarding the stability of natural systems. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
Q4590164 | Marketing support of MOCCA, spol. s r.o. | The subject of the proposed project is to support the individual repeated participation of MOCCA, spol. s r.o. at the ISM 2020, 2022 and ANUGA 2021 trade fairs held in Germany in Cologne in the period 2020-2022. It is a fair focused on the presentation of sweets and confectionery. The implementation of the project will lead to the development and growth of the company’s competitiveness, strengthening the presentation abroad, acquiring new customers and increasing the volume of exports and total sales of the company. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
EP 2007010166 W | FAS BLEACHING | The invention relates to lignin-preserving bleaching of lignocellulosic primary fibres produced by the action of sulfites, by means of formamidine sulfinic acid (FAS). The invention also relates to a bleached primary fibrous material consisting of lignocellulosic material produced by the action of sulfites. Primary fibrous material consisting of coniferous wood has a lignin content of at least 15 % in relation to other fibrous materials and a breaking length of at least 7 km at 20°SR, and primary fibrous material consisting of deciduous wood has a lignin content of at least 15% in relation to other fibrous materials and a breaking length of at least 6 km at 30°SR. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2946083570 | Enabling multiscale modeling in systems medicine: From reactions in cells to organ physiology | Systems medicine is an interdisciplinary approach that integrates data from basic research and clinical practice to improve our understanding and treatment of diseases. Systems medicine can be seen as a further development of systems biology and bioinformatics towards applica-tions of clinical relevance. The term 'systems' refers to systems approaches, emphasizing a close integration of data generation with mathematical modeling [1-3]. The (mal)functioning of the human body is a complex process, characterized by multiple interactions between systems that act across multiple levels of structural and functional organization -from molecular reactions to cell-cell interac-tions in tissues to the physiology of organs and organ systems. Over the past decade, we have gained detailed insights into the structure and function of molecular, cellu-lar and organ-level systems, with technologies playing an important role in the generation of data at these different scales. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W2000803991 | Prediction of the drug release stability of different polymeric matrix tablets containing metronidazole | The aim of the present study was to predict the structural changes of polymeric excipients in the course of storage causing undesired changes in drug release stability of tablets containing different polymers. Matrix tablets were formulated with metronidazole as a model drug, using polyvinylpyrrolidone and carbopol as matrix materials. Dissolution tests were carried out before and after storing the tablets under stress conditions for different time intervals. Parameters characterizing the release kinetics of matrix tablets, just as difference and similarity factors, were calculated to compare the release profiles as a function of storage time. FT-IR measurements were carried out to track the structural changes of the physical mixtures of metronidazole and polymers during storage. The changes of the characteristic peaks of the FT-IR spectra of metronidazole-polymer mixtures were in good correlation with the significant changes of release parameters of tablets. The latter was confirmed by ab initio calculations. The work showed that the combination of ab initio calculations with structural examinations could predict the possible instability of drug release and, thus, enables the screening of polymeric excipients of undesired physical stability. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41588-018-0084-1 | Refining the accuracy of validated target identification through coding variant fine-mapping in type 2 diabetes article | We aggregated coding variant data for 81,412 type 2 diabetes cases and 370,832 controls of diverse ancestry, identifying 40 coding variant association signals (P < 2. 2 × 10-7); of these, 16 map outside known risk-associated loci. We make two important observations. First, only five of these signals are driven by low-frequency variants: even for these, effect sizes are modest (odds ratio ≤1. 29). Second, when we used large-scale genome-wide association data to fine-map the associated variants in their regional context, accounting for the global enrichment of complex trait associations in coding sequence, compelling evidence for coding variant causality was obtained for only 16 signals. At 13 others, the associated coding variants clearly represent 'false leads' with potential to generate erroneous mechanistic inference. Coding variant associations offer a direct route to biological insight for complex diseases and identification of validated therapeutic targets; however, appropriate mechanistic inference requires careful specification of their causal contribution to disease predisposition. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
175369 | Exploring the human gut microbiome at strain resolution | With the genome sequencing of hundreds of bacterial isolates per day and a vast and growing number of metagenomic sequencing projects on gut microbiomes in healthy and diseased people all over the world, it becomes feasible to explore the microbial diversity in us not only at the level of genera and species, but at strains. As two different strains of a prokaryotic species might only share 40% of the genes and can also have vastly differ in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) many aspects of a proper understanding of the microbial communities we host in the gut might only be revealed at this high resolution level. This proposal aims (i) to develop a robust methodology to characterize the SNP and gene content landscape from metagenomic shotgun data (ii) to explore patterns of variation in the human population to stratify geographically, but also in subpopulations such as families and to understand spreading patterns and the evolution of microbial strains as well as iii) to work towards medical applications, for example by monitoring fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) at strain resolution or monitoring particular strain of interest in the population | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1021/jp507422s | (2 n × 1) reconstructions of TiO<inf>2</inf>(011) revealed by noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy | We have used noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to study the rutile TiO2(011) surface. A series of (2n × 1) reconstructions were observed, including two types of (4 × 1) reconstruction. High-resolution NC-AFM and STM images indicate that the (4 × 1)-α phase has the same structural elements as the more widely reported (2 × 1) reconstruction. An array of analogous higher-order (2n × 1) reconstructions were also observed where n = 3-5. On the other hand, the (4 × 1)-β reconstruction seems to be a unique structure without higher-order analogues. A model is proposed for this structure that is also based on the (2 × 1) reconstruction but with additional microfacets of {111} character. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/s00220-014-2008-y | Universality of one-dimensional fermi systems, i. Response functions and critical exponents | The critical behavior of one-dimensional interacting Fermi systems is expected to display universality features, called Luttinger liquid behavior. Critical exponents and certain thermodynamic quantities are expected to be related among each other by model-independent formulas. We establish such relations, the proof of which has represented a challenging mathematical problem, for a general model of spinning fermions on a one dimensional lattice; interactions are short ranged and satisfy a positivity condition which makes the model critical at zero temperature. Proofs are reported in two papers: in the present one, we demonstrate that the zero temperature response functions in the thermodynamic limit are Borel summable and have anomalous power-law decay with multiplicative logarithmic corrections. Critical exponents are expressed in terms of convergent expansions and depend on all the model details. All results are valid for the special case of the Hubbard model. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W4281960706 | Host preference and survivorship of <i>Euschistus heros</i> (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) strains on cotton and soybean | Abstract The Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a key pest of soybeans, Glycine max , and recently became an economically important pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum . This stink bug has two allopatric strains, one prevalent in southern Brazil (SS), and another in the north (NS). The two strains hybridize in central Brazil. Knowledge of host preferences and host suitability of these strains can clarify the contribution of the different gene pools to contemporary adaptive features such as the ability to harm cotton crops. We tested the attraction of the E. heros strains and reciprocal hybrids [♀N × ♂S (HNS) and ♀S × ♂N (HSN)] to soybean and cotton plants and evaluated the nymph development and survivorship of the two strains and reciprocal hybrids fed on soybean or cotton. We conducted host-choice experiments with 4th instars and adult females and evaluated the survival of immatures on soybean and cotton plants in laboratory conditions. The SS strain preferred soybean over cotton. NS and hybrid strains chose randomly between soybean and cotton plants. All strains developed on soybean, with similar survival rates. On cotton, the pure strains did not reach adulthood; however, the hybrids developed on cotton but with a survival rate less than 1%. Our results showed that E. heros SS was more attracted to soybeans, and NS and hybrid strains had a polyphagous choice behavior, suggesting that current host selection has been mediated by historical and, mainly, contemporary relationships of E. heros strains with these hosts. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.cortex.2014.11.009 | Visual imagery influences brain responses to visual stimulation in bilateral cortical blindness | Mental imagery is a powerful mechanism that may facilitate visual perception as well as compensate for it. The role of V1 in mental imagery is still a matter of debate. Our goal here was to investigate whether visual imagery was still possible in case of bilateral V1 destruction behaviorally evidenced by total clinical blindness and if so, whether it might boost residual visual perception. In a factorial fMRI design, faces, scenes or scrambled images were presented while a rare patient with cortical blindness over the whole visual field due to bilateral V1-lesions (TN) was instructed to imagine either an angry person or a neutral object (tree). The results show that visual imagery of a person activates frontal, parietal and occipital brain regions similar to control subjects and hence suggest that V1 is not necessary for visual imagery. In addition, the combination of visual stimulation and visual imagery of socio-emotional stimuli triggers activation in superior parietal lobule (SPL) and ventromedial (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Finally, activation during residual vision, visual imagery and their interaction overlapped in the SPL, arguing for a central role of feeling in V1-independent vision and imagery. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
263643 | Musical Transitions to European Colonialism in the eastern Indian Ocean | MUSTECIO's aim is to produce, for the first time, a history of transitions from pre-colonial to colonial musical fields in the eastern Indian Ocean. It will focus on India and the Malay peninsula, largely during the period of British expansion, c.1750-1900, and combine research methodologies from both history and ethnomusicology. Previous scholarship has argued that colonialism created a rupture with past systems of knowledge in colonised musical fields. We will seek to show that the story is more complex: although musical fields did undergo large-scale changes, the continuity of pre-colonial systems alongside these changes suggests gradual transformation, not radical disjuncture. Colonial infrastructures in the eastern Indian Ocean did not, in other words, wholly displace the long-standing networks that preceded them, and even facilitated new exchanges of indigenous cultural capital that were otherwise unmediated by the colonising powers. The process we will map entails overlapping but chronologically staggered layerings of pre-colonial, colonial and hybrid discourses, undertaken in several language-cultures and by different constituencies over time. We will also suggest that viewing India and the Malay peninsula as a single, multiply-connected region (and not as separate cultural arenas as is still paradigmatic in ethnomusicology) throws substantial and unexpected light on these patterns of transition. Finally, we will suggest that the best way to map these patterns of transition is to bring pre-colonial and colonial musical pasts, and multiple indigenous- and European-language archives, into sustained critical dialogue. By doing this on an unprecedented scale, MUSTECIO will seek to develop a new historical model for the interactions of music and colonialism: one that will persuasively account for both continuities and transformations in musical knowledge systems in the eastern Indian ocean. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W2046640629 | Fixed outline multi-bend bus driven floorplanning | Modern hierarchical SOC design flows need to deal with fixed-outline floorplanning under the interconnect constraints, in this paper, we address the problem of bus driven floorplanning in a fixed-outline area. Given a set of blocks, the bus specification, and the height and width of the chip area, a floorplan solution including bus routes and satisfying the outline constraint will be generated with the total floorplan area and total bus area minimized. The approach proposed in this paper is based on a deterministic algorithm Less Flexibility First (LFF), which runs in a fixed-outline area and packs hard blocks one after another with no drawbacks. In our approach, we put no limitation to the shape of the buses, and the processes block-packing and bus-packing are proceeding simultaneously. Experiment results show that under the constraint of fixed-outline, we can also obtain a good solution, with less dead space percentage and shorter run time, besides, for large test cases, our algorithm still works well. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/3328778.3366886 | A Modular Practical Test For A Programming Course | In order to evaluate students' programming skills during a university course, a practical programming test can be administered, in which students are required to implement a short yet complete program according to a provided specification. However, such tests often suffer from drawbacks that prevent comprehensive and accurate assessment of students' abilities. In this paper we identify these drawbacks and then present a modular, practical test that avoids common testing pitfalls, as well as show how to design such a test based on course learning outcomes. A key aspect of our approach is adoption of modularity, which ensures independent and comprehensive verification of learning outcomes. We have used our method to evaluate object-oriented programming skills of undergraduate students over several years and have found that our testing approach has proven its validity and superiority over approaches employed previously. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.18632/oncotarget.19033 | Inhibitor of growth protein 4 interacts with Beclin 1 and represses autophagy | Beclin 1 (BECN1) is a multifunctional protein that activates the proautophagic class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3C3, best known as VPS34), yet also interacts with multiple negative regulators. Here we report that BECN1 interacts with inhibitor of growth family member 4 (ING4), a tumor suppressor protein that is best known for its capacity to interact with the tumor suppressor protein p53 (TP53) and the acetyltransferase E1A binding protein p300 (EP300). Removal of TP53 or EP300 did not affect the BECN1/ING4 interaction, which however was lost upon culture of cells in autophagy-inducing, nutrient free conditions. Depletion of ING4 stimulated the enzymatic activity of PIK3C3, as visualized by means of a red fluorescent protein-tagged short peptide (FYVE) that specifically binds to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P)-containing subcellular vesicles and enhanced autophagy, as indicated by an enhanced lipidation of microtubuleassociated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3 beta (LC3B) and the redistribution of a green-fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3B fusion protein to cytoplasmic puncta. The generation of GFP-LC3B puncta stimulated by ING4 depletion was reduced by simultaneous depletion, or pharmacological inhibition, of PIK3C3/VPS34. In conclusion, ING4 acts as a negative regulator of the lipid kinase activity of the BECN1 complex, and starvation-induced autophagy is accompanied by the dissociation of the ING4/BECN1 interaction. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
683154 | Wiring synaptic circuits with astroglial connexins: mechanisms, dynamics and impact for critical period plasticity | Brain information processing is commonly thought to be a neuronal performance. However recent data point to a key role of astrocytes in brain development, activity and pathology. Indeed astrocytes are now viewed as crucial elements of the brain circuitry that control synapse formation, maturation, activity and elimination. How do astrocytes exert such control is matter of intense research, as they are now known to participate in critical developmental periods as well as in psychiatric disorders involving synapse alterations. Thus unraveling how astrocytes control synaptic circuit formation and maturation is crucial, not only for our understanding of brain development, but also for identifying novel therapeutic targets.
We recently found that connexin 30 (Cx30), an astroglial gap junction subunit expressed postnatally, tunes synaptic activity via an unprecedented non-channel function setting the proximity of glial processes to synaptic clefts, essential for synaptic glutamate clearance efficacy. Our work not only reveals Cx30 as a key determinant of glial synapse coverage, but also extends the classical model of neuroglial interactions in which astrocytes are generally considered as extrasynaptic elements indirectly regulating neurotransmission. Yet the molecular mechanisms involved in such control, its dynamic regulation by activity and impact in a native developmental context are unknown. We will now address these important questions, focusing on the involvement of this novel astroglial function in wiring developing synaptic circuits.
Thus using a multidisciplinary approach we will investigate:
1) the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Cx30 regulation of synaptic function
2) the activity-dependent dynamics of Cx30 function at synapses
3) a role for Cx30 in wiring synaptic circuits during critical developmental periods
This ambitious project will provide essential knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying astroglial control of synaptic circuits. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1063/1.4976690 | Microfluidic Devices Fabricated Using Fast Wafer Scale Led Lithography Patterning | Current lithography approaches underpinning the fabrication of microfluidic devices rely on UV exposure of photoresists to define microstructures in these materials. Conventionally, this objective is achieved with gas discharge mercury lamps, which are capable of producing high intensity UV radiation. However, these sources are costly, have a comparatively short lifetime, necessitate regular calibration, and require significant time to warm up prior to exposure taking place. To address these limitations we exploit advances in solid state sources in the UV range and describe a fast and robust wafer-scale laboratory exposure system relying entirely on UV-Light emitting diode (UV-LED) illumination. As an illustration of the potential of this system for fast and low-cost microfluidic device production, we demonstrate the microfabrication of a 3D spray-drying microfluidic device and a 3D double junction microdroplet maker device. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
169910 | Advertisement displays manufactured by hybrid in-mould integration | OptIntegral develops and demonstrates LED displays for advertisement manufactured by in-mould hybrid integration of TOLAE electronics and photonics components.
The aim is to proof the flexibility and sustainability of the novel manufacturing process enabling a diversity of LED display products competitive with EU-labour cost.
Three different large area displays: 3D glasses free, lightpipe and backlight, will be demonstrated by three SMEs. The novel manufacturing process combines Roll-to-Sheet and Roll-to-Roll of flexible electronics with In-mould hybrid integration of the optoelectronics with the optics.
The novel displays harvest the intrinsic TOLAE benefits with thin, light weight, and bendable structures; and the specific in-mould integration benefits of a) automating the current manual assembly with high reproducibility and yield and b) enabling new optical design concepts that bring better display resolution, lower costs and energy savings. This differential value supports the effective market introduction of TOLAE based highly competitive products.
OptIntegral enables a wide choice of materials and options in process design to put the technological advances at the service of the cost, performance and time-to-market requirements of the novel displays.
The workplan sets and consolidates the value chain by the demonstration platform that links all actors, from LED suppliers to displays users. This allows to respond to market demands and to capture the user feedback on the effectiveness of the displays to communicate information and to meta-communicate attitudes towards the advertiser brand.
Three display manufacturers that are currently manufacturing and selling LED displays in EU will enlarge their portfolio by setting up pilot manufacturing lines and co-developing demonstrators adapted to their customers’ needs. This is achieved during the project with the goal to be on the market 1 year after the end of the project as a result of OptIntegral business case. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevD.89.084012 | Spinning fluids: A group theoretical approach | The aim of this article is to introduce a Lagrangian formulation of relativistic non-Abelian spinning fluids in group theory language. The corresponding Mathisson-Papapetrou equation for spinning fluids in terms of the reduction limit of the de Sitter group has been proposed. The equation we find correctly boils down to the one for nonspinning fluids. Two alternative approaches based on a group theoretical formulation of particle dynamics are also explored. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1182/blood-2014-01-550467 | Targeted disruption of hepcidin in the liver recapitulates the hemochromatotic phenotype | Key Points Liver-specific hepcidin KO mice fully recapitulate the severe iron overload phenotype observed in the total KO mice. The hepcidin produced by hepatocytes is the main regulator of body iron homeostasis. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1017/S0305004119000252 | Enumerating Coloured Partitions In 2 And 3 Dimensions | We study generating functions of ordinary and plane partitions coloured by the action of a finite subgroup of the corresponding special linear group. After reviewing known results for the case of ordinary partitions, we formulate a conjecture concerning a basic factorisation property of the generating function of coloured plane partitions that can be thought of as an orbifold analogue of a conjecture of Maulik et al. , now a theorem, in three-dimensional Donaldson–Thomas theory. We study natural quantisations of the generating functions arising from geometry, discuss a quantised version of our conjecture, and prove a positivity result for the quantised coloured plane partition function under a geometric assumption. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1128/JB.00615-17 | Translocation through the conjugative type IV secretion system requires unfolding of its protein substrate | Bacterial conjugation, a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer, is the major means by which antibiotic resistance spreads among bacteria (1, 2). Conjugative plasmids are transferred from one bacterium to another through a type IV secretion system (T4SS) in the form of single-stranded DNA covalently attached to a protein called relaxase. The relaxase is fully functional both in a donor cell (prior to conjugation) and recipient cell (after conjugation). Here, we demonstrate that the protein substrate has to unfold for efficient translocation through the conjugative T4SS. Furthermore, we present various relaxase modifications that preserve the function of the relaxase but block substrate translocation. This study brings us a step closer to deciphering the complete mechanism of T4SS substrate translocation, which is vital for the development of new therapies against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
Q118253 | Proporcionar una herramienta innovadora para apoyar la comunicación y el funcionamiento de cualquier proceso de negocio entre una empresa y un contratista externo en la nube | Como parte del proyecto, la compañía planea crear una herramienta innovadora para crear y automatizar procesos de negocio en empresas principalmente en el sector PYME. La solución permitirá acelerar la implementación de la integración entre empresas, así como la integración de la relación emprendedor-cliente final. De negocios a cliente. El portal incluirá herramientas que permitan a la empresa utilizar la solución contactar a empresas y clientes (pedidos, formularios, quejas, comunicación actual, etc.). La solución ofrecida será una solución integral para apoyar todo el ciclo de vida de los procesos de negocio (flujo de trabajo) con la posibilidad de automatizar los procesos de negocio. Gracias a los componentes incluidos en la solución, será posible definir procesos de negocio, construir formularios, controlar y ejecutar instancias de proceso, controlar y ejecutar formularios, administrar los datos introducidos en los formularios La solución se tratará como un servidor de procesos de negocio que administra y ejecuta instancias y formularios de procesos de negocio. El solicitante no solo ofrecerá procesos prefabricados, sino también la posibilidad de crearlos y adaptarlos a las necesidades de una empresa determinada. El solicitante ofrecerá una herramienta no disponible para crear procesos «a medida» para el cliente, utilizados para interactuar con sus clientes. El objetivo del proyecto es construir un sistema B2B, es decir, un sistema destinado al intercambio automático de datos y la coordinación de actividades entre empresas con el fin de obtener un valor añadido tanto para el solicitante como para los socios comerciales. El sistema estará diseñado para crear, modificar e implementar procesos de negocio en las empresas. Como resultado del proyecto, el Solicitante pretende emplear a 3 personas en puestos altamente especializados. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W185452566 | STATISTICAL METHODS | Data Analysis | A sequence of data entries is called a time series. Most time series have a random character. A time series where there is no correlation from one member of the series to another is called white noise . Models of time series can be constructed from white noise by having each new entry a sum of a white noise contribution and a linear combination of previous entries. Special insights can be gained by examining the Fourier representation of the time series by developing it into a series of sinusoids of different frequency. A brief review of the technique is presented with attention to errors due to the limited sample or record length of a given time series. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.chom.2015.01.011 | Structure and function of the bacterial root microbiota in wild and domesticated barley | The microbial communities inhabiting the root interior of healthy plants, as well as the rhizosphere, which consists of soil particles firmly attached to roots, engage in symbiotic associations with their host. To investigate the structural and functional diversification among these communities, we employed a combination of 16S rRNA gene profiling and shotgun metagenome analysis of the microbiota associated with wild and domesticated accessions of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Bacterial families Comamonadaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Rhizobiaceae dominate the barley root-enriched microbiota. Host genotype has a small, but significant, effect on the diversity of root-associated bacterial communities, possibly representing a footprint of barley domestication. Traits related to pathogenesis, secretion, phage interactions, and nutrient mobilization are enriched in the barley root-associated microbiota. Strikingly, protein families assigned to these same traits showed evidence of positive selection. Our results indicate that the combined action of microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions drives microbiota differentiation at the root-soil interface. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1172/JCI58109 | Gut Microbiome Obesity And Metabolic Dysfunction | The prevalence of obesity and related disorders such as metabolic syndrome has vastly increased throughout the world. Recent insights have generated an entirely new perspective suggesting that our microbiota might be involved in the development of these disorders. Studies have demonstrated that obesity and metabolic syndrome may be associated with profound microbiotal changes, and the induction of a metabolic syndrome phenotype through fecal transplants corroborates the important role of the microbiota in this disease. Dietary composition and caloric intake appear to swiftly regulate intestinal microbial composition and function. As most findings in this field of research are based on mouse studies, the relevance to human biology requires further investigation. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-4939-2522-3_16 | Stress Responses During Ageing Molecular Pathways Regulating Protein Homeostasis | The ageing process is characterized by deterioration of physiological function accompanied by frailty and ageing-associated diseases. The most broadly and well-studied pathways influencing ageing are the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling pathway and the dietary restriction pathway. Recent studies in diverse organisms have also delineated emerging pathways, which collectively or independently contribute to ageing. Among them the proteostatic-stress-response networks, inextricably affect normal ageing by maintaining or restoring protein homeostasis to preserve proper cellular and organismal function. In this chapter, we survey the involvement of heat stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in the regulation of longevity, placing emphasis on the cross talk between different response mechanisms and their systemic effects. We further discuss novel insights relevant to the molecular pathways mediating these stress responses that may facilitate the development of innovative interventions targeting age-related pathologies such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.15252/embj.2018100056 | Conformational dynamics of the ABC transporter McjD seen by single-molecule FRET | ABC transporters utilize ATP for export processes to provide cellular resistance against toxins, antibiotics, and harmful metabolites in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Based on static structure snapshots, it is believed that they use an alternating access mechanism, which couples conformational changes to ATP binding (outward-open conformation) and hydrolysis (inward-open) for unidirectional transport driven by ATP. Here, we analyzed the conformational states and dynamics of the antibacterial peptide exporter McjD from Escherichia coli using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET). For the first time, we established smFRET for an ABC exporter in a native-like lipid environment and directly monitor conformational dynamics in both the transmembrane- (TMD) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBD). With this, we unravel the ligand dependences that drive conformational changes in both domains. Furthermore, we observe intrinsic conformational dynamics in the absence of ATP and ligand in the NBDs. ATP binding and hydrolysis on the other hand can be observed via NBD conformational dynamics. We believe that the progress made here in combination with future studies will facilitate full understanding of ABC transport cycles. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.18632/aging.100897 | NKG2D ligands mediate immunosurveillance of senescent cells | Cellular senescence is a stress response mechanism that limits tumorigenesis and tissue damage. Induction of cellular senescence commonly coincides with an immunogenic phenotype that promotes self-elimination by components of the immune system, thereby facilitating tumor suppression and limiting excess fibrosis during wound repair. The mechanisms by which senescent cells regulate their immune surveillance are not completely understood. Here we show that ligands of an activating Natural Killer (NK) cell receptor (NKG2D), MICA and ULBP2 are consistently up-regulated following induction of replicative senescence, oncogene-induced senescence and DNA damage - induced senescence. MICA and ULBP2 proteins are necessary for efficient NK-mediated cytotoxicity towards senescent fibroblasts. The mechanisms regulating the initial expression of NKG2D ligands in senescent cells are dependent on a DNA damage response, whilst continuous expression of these ligands is regulated by the ERK signaling pathway. In liver fibrosis, the accumulation of senescent activated stellate cells is increased in mice lacking NKG2D receptor leading to increased fibrosis. Overall, our results provide new insights into the mechanisms regulating the expression of immune ligands in senescent cells and reveal the importance of NKG2D receptor-ligand interaction in protecting against liver fibrosis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1016/j.devcel.2011.05.013 | Inositol trisphosphate-induced ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling modulates auxin transport and pin polarity | The phytohormone auxin is an important determinant of plant development. Directional auxin flow within tissues depends on polar localization of PIN auxin transporters. To explore regulation of PIN-mediated auxin transport, we screened for suppressors of PIN1 overexpression (supo) and identified an inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase mutant (supo1), with elevated inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) and cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Pharmacological and genetic increases in InsP3 or Ca2+ levels also suppressed the PIN1 gain-of-function phenotypes and caused defects in basal PIN localization, auxin transport and auxin-mediated development. In contrast, the reductions in InsP3 levels and Ca2+ signaling antagonized the effects of the supo1 mutation and disrupted preferentially apical PIN localization. InsP3 and Ca2+ are evolutionarily conserved second messengers involved in various cellular functions, particularly stress responses. Our findings implicate them as modifiers of cell polarity and polar auxin transport, and highlight a potential integration point through which Ca2+ signaling-related stimuli could influence auxin-mediated development. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1995995262 | Autonomous interfacial creation of nanostructured lead oxide | We first established a process for the autonomous creation of PbO nanostructures consisting of a simple three-step procedure for both the formation of Pb nanoparticles and their oxidation. Oxygen contacting aqueous media results in an autonomous conversion from electrodeposited Pb particles to PbO nanostructures; i) flower-like PbO structures are placed at the interface of water and oxygen, ii) the growth/burst of PbO nanowires in various directions is observed in the middle of water media, and iii) ultra-thin PbO nano-platelets are dominantly placed onto the substrate. A new mechanistic origin was also proposed based on experimental observations and further suggests that major requirements are essential for the autonomous creation of PbO nanostructures. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1039/C9OB01209E | A Chemical Approach For The Synthesis Of The Dna Binding Domain Of The Oncoprotein Myc | We describe the first chemical synthesis of a functional mutant of the DNA binding domain of the oncoprotein MYC, using two alternative strategies which involve either one or two Native Chemical Ligations (NCLs). Both routes allowed the efficient synthesis of a miniprotein which is capable of heterodimerizing with MAX, and replicate the DNA binding of the native protein. The versatility of the reported synthetic approach enabled the straightforward preparation of MYC and Omomyc analogues, as well as fluorescently labeled derivatives. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1039/C4OB02060J | Cell Penetrating Poly Disulfide S The Dependence Of Activity Depolymerization Kinetics And Intracellular Localization On Their Length | We report that the depolymerization kinetics of cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s depend exclusively on their length and propose a kinetic uptake model to explain why their intracellular destination changes with the increasing length from the endosomes over the cytosol to the nucleoli. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1088/0953-8984/26/22/225801 | Electronic Structure And Local Distortions In Epitaxial Scgan Films | High energy resolution fluorescence-detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the local bonding and electronic structure of Sc in epitaxial wurtzite-structure ScxGa1?xN films with x???0. 059. Sc atoms are found to substitute for Ga atoms, accompanied by a local distortion involving an increase in the internal lattice parameter u around the Sc atoms. The local bonding and electronic structure at Sc are not affected strongly by the strain state or the defect microstructure of the films. These data are consistent with theoretical predictions regarding the electronic structure of dilute ScxGa1?xN alloys. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1002/ece3.1274 | A phylogenetic analysis of the British flora sheds light on the evolutionary and ecological factors driving plant invasions | Summary: Darwin's naturalization hypothesis predicts that invasive species should perform better in their novel range in the absence of close relatives in the native flora due to reduced competition. Evidence from recent taxonomic and phylogenetic-based studies, however, is equivocal. We test Darwin's naturalization hypothesis at two different spatial scales using a fossil-dated molecular phylogenetic tree of the British native and alien flora (ca. 1600 species) and extensive, fine-scale survey data from the 1998 Countryside Survey. At both landscape and local scales, invasive species were neither significantly more nor less related to the native flora than their non-invasive alien counterparts. Species invasiveness was instead correlated with higher nitrogen and moisture preference, but not other life history traits such as life-form and height. We argue that invasive species spread in Britain is hence more likely determined by changes in land use and other anthropogenic factors, rather than evolutionary history. Synthesis. The transition from non-invasive to invasive is not related to phylogenetic distinctiveness to the native community, but instead to their environmental preferences. Therefore, combating biological invasions in the Britain and other industrialized countries need entirely different strategies than in more natural environments. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W218885361 | A millennium-long management perspective for promoting the geological-social resiliency of barrier islands: a preliminary proposal for Fire Island, NY | Barrier islands, such as Fire Island, NY, are complex geological-social systems, driven by mesoscale (centuries/ millennia) processes. The natural resiliency of these thin, linear landforms depends mainly on their capacity to migrate land- ward (rollover) in response to the slow, persistent rise of sea level. This happens by overwash processes during storm surges, whereby beach and dune sand on the ocean side is eroded and transferred to the island's interior and back-barrier shore. Also storm breaches and inlet formation enable the de- velopment of flood-tidal deltas, which likewise supply large volumes of sand to the backshore of barriers. If these processes are curtailed by shortsighted engineering solutions, barrier islands will lose their morphologic resiliency and either disin- tegrate or drown in place. The ideas in this paper argue for a millennial management perspective for Fire Island, based on not interfering with the process of rollover over geologically significant spans of time. To be effective, people will need to think about adapting to continual change on a system level, rather than relying on conventional, short-term engineering so- lutions to a local erosion problem, a management strategy that will compromise the morphologic integrity of Fire Island as sea level continues to rise for the foreseeable future. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/bioinformatics/bty1065 | Characterizing and ranking computed metabolic engineering strategies | MotivationThe computer-aided design of metabolic intervention strategies has become a key component of an integrated metabolic engineering approach and a broad range of methods and algorithms has been developed for this task. Many of these algorithms enforce coupling of growth with product synthesis and may return thousands of possible intervention strategies from which the most suitable strategy must then be selectedResultsThis work focuses on how to evaluate and rank, in a meaningful way, a given pool of computed metabolic engineering strategies for growth-coupled product synthesis. Apart from straightforward criteria, such as a preferably small number of necessary interventions, a reasonable growth rate and a high product yield, we present several new criteria useful to pick the most suitable intervention strategy. Among others, we investigate the robustness of the intervention strategies by searching for metabolites that may disrupt growth coupling when accumulated or secreted and by checking whether the interventions interrupt pathways at their origin (preferable) or at downstream steps. We also assess thermodynamic properties of the pathway(s) favored by the intervention strategy. Furthermore, strategies that have a significant overlap with alternative solutions are ranked higher because they provide flexibility in implementation. We also introduce the notion of equivalence classes for grouping intervention strategies with identical solution spaces. Our ranking procedure involves in total ten criteria and we demonstrate its applicability by assessing knockout-based intervention strategies computed in a genome-scale model of E. coli for the growth-coupled synthesis of l-methionine and of the heterologous product 1,4-butanediol. Availability and implementationThe MATLAB scripts that were used to characterize and rank the example intervention strategies are available at http://www2. mpi-magdeburg. mpg. de/projects/cna/etcdownloads. html. Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1108/978-1-78769-415-620191005 | Children Negotiating Their Place Through Space In Multi Local Joint Physical Custody Arrangements | This chapter focusses on multi-local families and more specifically on the ways in which children of separated parents, living in joint physical custody arrangements, define and construct their ‘home’ in a context of circular mobility. It is based on two case studies drawn from ongoing fieldwork conducted in Belgium with children aged 10–16 in the context of the ERC Starting Grant project ‘MobileKids’. The main aim is to understand how family relations structure children’s ‘life spaces’ and ‘lived space’ (di Meo, 2012). The authors explore in particular the meanings and feelings that family relations confer to the space of the ‘house’ in children’s experiences, including both the physicality of the place of residence, and the relations and emotions that children attach to it (Forsberg, Autonen-Vaaraniemi, & Kauko, 2016, p. 435). The authors also highlight the various strategies that children develop to mediate/influence their family relations through ‘space’, including strategies of spatial appropriation and territorialisation. The authors conclude by summarising the main findings and considering future developments. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
169532 | Language activation and control in the unimodal and bimodal bilingual lexicon | Bilinguals activate words from both languages when listening, reading or speaking in one language, and engage non-linguistic cognitive control abilities to resolve cross-linguistic competition. Most studies of cross-language activation have focused on activation between languages through overlapping phonological representations. However, cross-language activation also occurs in deaf or hearing bilinguals who are familiar with a spoken language and a sign language, two languages without overlapping phonological systems. The proposed research aims to systematically investigate phonological and lexical-semantic contributions to cross-language activation during production and comprehension by studying and comparing cross-language activation patterns in three groups of bilinguals: (1) bilinguals with two spoken languages, and (2) hearing and (3) deaf bimodal bilinguals. Four studies are proposed that combine behavioural, eye-tracking and electrophysiological techniques to examine whether and how the availability of same-modality vs. different-modality phonological systems differentially modulates the nature of cross-language interaction and the recruitment of cognitive control mechanisms during bilingual production and comprehension. By including deaf as well as hearing bimodal bilinguals, the studies will furthermore provide critical insight into the linguistic mechanisms underlying cross-language activation between a spoken language and a signed language, and significantly advance bilingual approaches to language acquisition and processing in deaf readers. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1109/TPAMI.2016.2574706 | An Efficient Multilinear Optimization Framework For Hypergraph Matching | Hypergraph matching has recently become a popular approach for solving correspondence problems in computer vision as it allows the use of higher-order geometric information. Hypergraph matching can be formulated as a third-order optimization problem subject to assignment constraints which turns out to be NP-hard. In recent work, we have proposed an algorithm for hypergraph matching which first lifts the third-order problem to a fourth-order problem and then solves the fourth-order problem via optimization of the corresponding multilinear form. This leads to a tensor block coordinate ascent scheme which has the guarantee of providing monotonic ascent in the original matching score function and leads to state-of-the-art performance both in terms of achieved matching score and accuracy. In this paper we show that the lifting step to a fourth-order problem can be avoided yielding a third-order scheme with the same guarantees and performance but being two times faster. Moreover, we introduce a homotopy type method which further improves the performance. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2173720115 | Hot-cavity studies for the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source | The Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) has emerged as an important technique in many Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facilities for its reliability, and ability to ionize target elements efficiently and element selectively. GISELE is an off-line RILIS test bench to study the implementation of an on-line laser ion source at the GANIL separator facility. The aim of this project is to determine the best technical solution which combines high selectivity and ionization efficiency with small ion beam emittance and stable long term operation. The ion source geometry was tested in several configurations in order to find a solution with optimal ionization efficiency and beam emittance. Furthermore, a low work function material was tested to reduce the contaminants and molecular sidebands generated inside the ion source. First results with ZrC ionizer tubes will be presented. Furthermore, a method to measure the energy distribution of the ion beam as a function of the time of flight will be discussed. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.3934/nhm.2016.11.145 | Entropy stability and well-balancedness of space-time dg for the shallow water equations with bottom topography | We describe a shock-capturing streamline diffusion space-time dis-continuous Galerkin (DG) method to discretize the shallow water equations with variable bottom topography. This method, based on the entropy variables as degrees of freedom, is shown to be energy stable as well as well-balanced with respect to the lake at rest steady state. We present numerical experiments illustrating the numerical method. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-68288-4_21 | Computing Fo Rewritings In El In Practice From Atomic To Conjunctive Queries | A prominent approach to implementing ontology-mediated queries (OMQs) is to rewrite into a first-order query, which is then executed using a conventional SQL database system. We consider the case where the ontology is formulated in the description logic EL and the actual query is a conjunctive query and show that rewritings of such OMQs can be efficiently computed in practice, in a sound and complete way. Our approach combines a reduction with a decomposed backwards chaining algorithm for OMQs that are based on the simpler atomic queries, also illuminating the relationship between first-order rewritings of OMQs based on conjunctive and on atomic queries. Experiments with real-world ontologies show promising results. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W3037271527 | Bi-center problem and Hopf cyclicity of a Cubic Liénard system | In this paper we investigate the bi-center problem and the total Hopf cyclicity of two center-foci for the general cubic Lienard system which has three distinct equilibria and is equivalent to the general Lienard equation with cubic damping and restoring force. The location of these three equilibria is arbitrary, specially without any kind of symmetry. We find the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of bi-centers and prove that there is no case of a unique center. On the Hopf cyclicity we prove that there are totally \begin{document}$ 9 $\end{document} possible styles of small amplitude limit cycles surrounding these two center-foci and \begin{document}$ 6 $\end{document} styles of them can occur, from which the total Hopf cyclicity is no more than \begin{document}$ 4 $\end{document} and no less than \begin{document}$ 2 $\end{document} . | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
US 82090586 A | Spelling verification system with immediate operator alerts to non-matches between inputted words and words stored in plural dictionary memories | Spelling errors are detected through the comparison of the keyed word with previously stored words of known spelling. The operator is immediately alerted upon the detection of a lack of comparison between the keyed word and the words available in the storage for operator consideration. When the operator is notified through an alerting device of a "no match", the operator may then modify the spelling of the word if it is incorrect or accept the word if it is correct but not found in the dictionary storage. Words previously not located in the dictionary storage are then stored in a random access memory for subsequent use and the word most recently verified as correct and stored in the random access memory may be maintained at the top of a stack while the most infrequently used words will eventually be removed from the random access memory as the memory fills and overflows. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
714774 | Reconstructing a dated tree of life using phylogenetic incongruence | With the advent of genome-scale sequencing, molecular phylogeny, which reconstructs gene trees from homologous sequences, has reached an impasse. Instead of answering open questions, new genomes have reignited old debates. The problem is clear, gene trees are not species trees, each is the unique result of series of evolutionary events. If, however, we model these differences in the context of a common species tree, we can access a wealth of information on genome evolution and the diversification of species that is not available to traditional methods. For example, as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can only occur between coexisting species, HGTs provide information on the order of speciations. When HGT is rare, lineage sorting can generate incongruence between gene trees and the dating problem can be formulated in terms of biologically meaningful parameters (such as population size), that are informative on the rate of evolution and hence invaluable to molecular dating.
My first goal is to develop methods that systematically extract information on the pattern and timing of genomic evolution by explaining differences between gene trees. This will allow us to, for the first time, reconstruct a dated tree of life from genome-scale data. We will use parallel programming to maximise the number of genomes analysed.
My second goal is to apply these methods to open problems, e.g.: i) to resolve the timing of microbial evolution and its relationship to Earth history, where the extreme paucity of fossils limits the use of molecular dating methods, by using HGT events as “molecular fossils”; ii) to reconstruct rooted phylogenies from complete genomes and harness phylogenetic incongruence to answer long standing questions, such as the of diversification of animals or the position of eukaryotes among archaea; and iii) for eukaryotic groups such as Fungi, where evidence of significant amounts of HGT is emerging our methods will also allow the quantification of the extent of HGT. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
638730 | Development of functional organization of the visual circuits in mice | The key organizing principles that characterize neuronal systems include asymmetric, parallel, and topographic connectivity of the neural circuits. The main aim of my research is to elucidate the key principles underlying functional development of neural circuits by focusing on those organizing principles. I choose mouse visual system as my model since it contains all of these principles and provides sophisticated genetic tools to label and manipulate individual circuit components. My research is based on the central hypothesis that the mechanisms of brain development cannot be fully understood without first identifying individual functional cell types in adults, and then understanding how the functions of these cell types become established, using cell-type-specific molecular and synaptic mechanisms in developing animals. Recently, I have identified several transgenic mouse lines in which specific cell types in a visual center, the superior colliculus, are labeled with Cre recombinase in both developing and adult animals. Here I will take advantage of these mouse lines to ask fundamental questions about the functional development of neural circuits. First, how are distinct sensory features processed by the parallel topographic neuronal pathways, and how do they contribute to behavior? Second, what are the molecular and synaptic mechanisms that underlie developmental circuit plasticity for forming parallel topographic neuronal maps in the brain? Third, what are the molecular mechanisms that set up spatially asymmetric circuit connectivity without the need for sensory experience? I predict that my insights into the developmental mechanism of asymmetric, parallel, and topographic connectivity and circuit plasticity will be instructive when studying other brain circuits which contain similar organizing principles. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
interreg_1312 | Euromountains.net - 'La mise en réseau des régions de montagne européennes pour la promotion d'un développement territorial durable' | Mountain services (infrastructure, ITC, social/health services, cultural services): common criteria for drawing up inventories, definition of quality and quantity markers, situation in the 13 test areas, identification of transferable successes and innovative solutions; proposed political recommendations at local and European levels. • Role of territorial groups in promoting the quality of agrifood and artisan products and of natural mountain resources: transferable successes and proposed political recommendations at local and European levels. • Regular maintenance of natural resources: identification of innovative models based on existing examples (land management contracts); identification of successes and proposed political recommendations on a European level (rural development plans). Overall objective / Objectif général Cooperation between mountain areas and solutions to natural handicaps. The project will be based on partners’ experience and will aim to identify methods for resolving economic handicaps and for managing land in mountain areas as well as transferable factors for success linked to collaboration between different sectors (especially the public and private sectors). Identification and dissemination of such methods should provide additional tools for use by local groups to achieve sustainable development in mountain areas and/or to hold back the drift away from the land. Expected results / Résultats attendus The expected results are the identification of new strategies and tools for achieving sustainable development in mountain areas, especially regarding the three above-mentioned strategic topics, and the strengthening of exchanges between different mountain areas in Europe. The long-term impact will be a marked contribution to sustainable development of mountain regions and active participation by them in European development. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/TUFFC.2015.006996 | Acoustic Output Of Multi Line Transmit Beamforming For Fast Cardiac Imaging A Simulation Study | Achieving higher frame rates in cardiac ultrasound could unveil short-lived myocardial events and lead to new insights on cardiac function. Multi-line transmit (MLT) beamforming (i. e. , simultaneously transmitting multiple focused beams) is a potential approach to achieve this. However, two challenges come with it: first, it leads to cross-talk between the MLT beams, appearing as imaging artifacts, and second, it presents acoustic summation in the near field, where multiple MLT beams overlap. Although several studies have focused on the former, no studies have looked into the implications of the latter on acoustic safety. In this paper, the acoustic field of 4-MLT was simulated and compared with single-line transmit (SLT). The findings suggest that standard MLT does present potential concerns. Compared with SLT, it shows a 2-fold increase in mechanical index (MI) (from 1. 0 to 2. 3), a 6-fold increase in spatial-peak pulse-average intensity (Isppa) (from 99 to 576 W∙cm-2) and a 12-fold increase in spatial-peak temporalaverage intensity (Ispta) (from 119 to 1407 mW∙cm-2). Subsequently, modifications of the transmit pulse and delay line of MLT were studied. These modifications allowed for a change in the spatio-temporal distribution of the acoustic output, thereby significantly decreasing the safety indices (MI = 1. 2, Isppa = 92 W∙cm-2 and Ispta = 366 mW∙cm-2). Accordingly, they help mitigate the concerns around MLT, reducing potential tradeoffs between acoustic safety and image quality. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2492234549 | Arabic text summarization based on graph theory | Automatic text summarization is a process of reducing the length of original document without affecting the content by extracting important information from huge amount of text data. The main goal is to facilitate the task of reading and searching information in large documents. Text summarization is the most challenging task in information retrieval especially for Arabic language. Unlike English and European languages, researches in Arabic text summarization are very few and still in their beginning. Summarization systems for Arabic are however still not as mature and as reliable as those developed for languages like English. In this paper, we introduce a new method for Arabic text summarization based on graph theory and semantic similarity between sentences to calculate importance of each sentence in document and most important sentences are extracted to generate document summary. In addition, because words sharing a root are semantically related, feature selection techniques based on the root can improves the semantic similarity between sentences and increases the weight of the semantic feature in the sentence. We will first review the related works in this field and especially in Arabic text summarization. Then we will present the architecture of our system, its components and its features. The last section will evaluate the system and compare it to other existing methods. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W4311945515 | “Todo cambia, todo sigue igual”. La gobernanza de la mano de obra migrante en la agricultura española e italiana en el primer año de la pandemia de Covid-19 | La pandemia de la COVID-19 junto con las políticas adoptadas para contener la propagación del virus, tensionaron profundamente las cadenas de suministro de alimentos. En ello, la temprana escasez de mano de obra en la agricultura surgida a raíz de estos acontecimientos en España e Italia puso de manifiesto el papel esencial de los trabajadores agrícolas migrantes para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria. El propósito de este artículo es doble: en primer lugar, se perseguirá examinar si la pandemia causada por el coronavirus contribuyó a cambiar las actitudes públicas y políticas hacia el trabajo agrícola y la migración; en segundo lugar, se evaluará qué tipo de perspectiva epistemológica prevaleció en estos países al debatir sobre migración estacional y agricultura industrial. Para ello, el artículo utilizará una combinación de métodos de investigación basados en el Enfoque Crítico del Discurso que incluye una revisión sistemática de noticias producidas por los medios de comunicación, el examen de actos jurídicos y administrativos, el estudio de los datos estadísticos secundarios y, por último, el análisis de las autorrepresentaciones y propuestas formuladas por los trabajadores agrícolas migrantes y los sindicatos a través de sus blogs, sitios web y cuentas de Facebook. Las principales tendencias identificadas en este análisis señalan que, aunque la pandemia contribuyó a arrojar luz en ambos países sobre el papel fundamental de los trabajadores migrantes y las formas de explotación laboral moderna que sufren en el sector agrícola, esta mayor visibilidad no se tradujo en cambios reales de políticas y actitudes. Como se pondrá de manifiesto, en el centro de este problema se encuentra la separación ficticia entre el trabajo y el capital, por la que la mano de obra agrícola migrante permanece al margen de los grandes debates introducidos por las economías avanzadas europeas, centradas exclusivamente en el capital. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1007969 | Transcription-driven chromatin repression of Intragenic transcription start sites | Progression of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription relies on the appropriately positioned activities of elongation factors. The resulting profile of factors and chromatin signatures along transcription units provides a “positional information system” for transcribing RNAPII. Here, we investigate a chromatin-based mechanism that suppresses intragenic initiation of RNAPII transcription. We demonstrate that RNAPII transcription across gene promoters represses their function in plants. This repression is characterized by reduced promoter-specific molecular signatures and increased molecular signatures associated with RNAPII elongation. The conserved FACT histone chaperone complex is required for this repression mechanism. Genome-wide Transcription Start Site (TSS) mapping reveals thousands of discrete intragenic TSS positions in fact mutants, including downstream promoters that initiate alternative transcript isoforms. We find that histone H3 lysine 4 mono-methylation (H3K4me1), an Arabidopsis RNAPII elongation signature, is enriched at FACT-repressed intragenic TSSs. Our analyses suggest that FACT is required to repress intragenic TSSs at positions that are in part characterized by elevated H3K4me1 levels. In sum, conserved and plant-specific chromatin features correlate with the co-transcriptional repression of intragenic TSSs. Our insights into TSS repression by RNAPII transcription promise to inform the regulation of alternative transcript isoforms and the characterization of gene regulation through the act of pervasive transcription across eukaryotic genomes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1039/C3CP54715A | On The Gas Phase Reaction Between So2 And O2 H2O 0 3 Clusters An Ab Initio Study | We present an ab initio investigation of the gas-phase reaction between SO2 and a O2−(H2O)n molecular cluster, n = 0–3. The associative product cluster, O2SO2−(H2O)n, is formed with high energy gain although the binding energies decrease with increasing hydration. About 54 kcal mol−1 may be gained by isomerization of O2SO2−(H2O)n to the sulfate radical, SO4−(H2O)n, but a high energy barrier separates the two states. Although the isomerization is catalysed by the presence of a second SO2 molecule, the formation of SO4−(H2O)nvia O2−(H2O)n and SO2 is found to be negligible under atmospheric conditions. At thermal equilibration at 298. 15 K and 50% relative humidity the end products are mainly O2SO2− and O2SO2−(H2O)1. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1016/j.isci.2020.100887 | Hexosamine Pathway Activation Improves Protein Homeostasis through the Integrated Stress Response | Activation of the hexosamine pathway (HP) through gain-of-function mutations in its rate-limiting enzyme glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT-1) ameliorates proteotoxicity and increases lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we investigate the role of the HP in mammalian protein quality control. In mouse neuronal cells, elevation of HP activity led to phosphorylation of both PERK and eIF2α as well as downstream ATF4 activation, identifying the HP as a modulator of the integrated stress response (ISR). Increasing uridine 5′-diphospho-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) levels through GFAT1 gain-of-function mutations or supplementation with the precursor GlcNAc reduces aggregation of the polyglutamine (polyQ) protein Ataxin-3. Blocking PERK signaling or autophagy suppresses this effect. In C. elegans, overexpression of gfat-1 likewise activates the ISR. Consistently, co-overexpression of gfat-1 and proteotoxic polyQ peptides in muscles reveals a strong protective cell-autonomous role of the HP. Thus, the HP has a conserved role in improving protein quality control through modulation of the ISR. Biological Sciences; Cell Biology; Functional Aspects of Cell Biology | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1730013808 | ”Det kunde lika gärna ha hänt idag” : Maj Bylocks Drakskeppstrilogi och historiemedvetande hos barn i mellanåldrarna | The aim of this thesis, The Historical Novel and Historical Consciousness in ten- to twelve-year-olds - Maj Bylocks Drakskeppstrilogi in Theory and Practice, is to illustrate the possibilities for pupils of the ages between ten to twelve to develop their historical consciousness by participating in classroom work making use of fiction as a central source of knowledge. In the first part of the thesis the three novels in the trilogy about the Viking age by the Swedish author Maj Bylock, Drakskeppet (1997), Det gyllne svardet (1998) and Borgen i fjarran (1998), are analyzed. The purpose is to show the conditions given by the novels which could promote children’s own historical consciousness and how the characters are portrayed in order for the readers to be able to identify with them. Two functions of the novels are studied: knowledge and analogy. Within the analysis of analogy the concept of empowerment is central to the portrayal of the protagonist. The textual analysis shows that the protagonist’s situation as a migrant above all points to cultural encounters both in the past and in the present time and further highlights the situation of the slaves in the Viking age. The apparent analogy of the present time means that the novels are well suited to discussions about ethics, the value of human beings and cultural encounters. In the second part of the thesis I analyse 11-year-old children’s reading of Bylock’s trilogy. Three pupils’ texts, book talks and interviews and experiences of the novels have been documented during a six week long thematic project on the Viking age. The analysis is conducted amongst others with the help of Judith A. Langer’s concept envisionment building. The pupils’ historical consciousness development and newfound knowledge can partly be related to the analogy and the themes found in the novels. With the assistance of the novels’ “living characters”, the exciting plot and an emotional envolvement the pupils have acquired knowledge and at the same time developed their historical consciousness. Book talks are of crucial importance in this. (Less) | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1111/1365-2656.13307 | Detecting And Quantifying Social Transmission Using Network Based Diffusion Analysis | Although social learning capabilities are taxonomically widespread, demonstrating that freely interacting animals (whether wild or captive) rely on social learning has proved remarkably challenging. Network-based diffusion analysis (NBDA) offers a means for detecting social learning using observational data on freely interacting groups. Its core assumption is that if a target behaviour is socially transmitted, then its spread should follow the connections in a social network that reflects social learning opportunities. Here, we provide a comprehensive guide for using NBDA. We first introduce its underlying mathematical framework and present the types of questions that NBDA can address. We then guide researchers through the process of selecting an appropriate social network for their research question; determining which NBDA variant should be used; and incorporating other variables that may impact asocial and social learning. Finally, we discuss how to interpret an NBDA model's output and provide practical recommendations for model selection. Throughout, we highlight extensions to the basic NBDA framework, including incorporation of dynamic networks to capture changes in social relationships during a diffusion and using a multi-network NBDA to estimate information flow across multiple types of social relationship. Alongside this information, we provide worked examples and tutorials demonstrating how to perform analyses using the newly developed NBDA package written in the R programming language. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms13021 | Separating mitochondrial protein assembly and endoplasmic reticulum tethering by selective coupling of Mdm10 | The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) connects the mitochondrial outer membrane with the ER. Multiple functions have been linked to ERMES, including maintenance of mitochondrial morphology, protein assembly and phospholipid homeostasis. Since the mitochondrial distribution and morphology protein Mdm10 is present in both ERMES and the mitochondrial sorting and assembly machinery (SAM), it is unknown how the ERMES functions are connected on a molecular level. Here we report that conserved surface areas on opposite sides of the Mdm10 β-barrel interact with SAM and ERMES, respectively. We generated point mutants to separate protein assembly (SAM) from morphology and phospholipid homeostasis (ERMES). Our study reveals that the β-barrel channel of Mdm10 serves different functions. Mdm10 promotes the biogenesis of α-helical and β-barrel proteins at SAM and functions as integral membrane anchor of ERMES, demonstrating that SAM-mediated protein assembly is distinct from ER-mitochondria contact sites. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
interreg_319 | Sustainable management and tourist promotion of natural and archaeological heritage in the Adriatic Caves | Fascinating, mysterious, enchanting: the caves are an attractor factor of tourist flows. ADRION area is well established tourism destination with intensive short summer season, but limited tourism in other parts of the year. However, potentials for developing all year tourism destinations are many and natural, cultural and historical heritage sites can play an important role: this is the main challenge of the project. The main project intervention objective of the Adriaticaves project is to establish and promote natural and archaeological heritage in caves of the ADRION as an alternative all year long tourism product.The project focuses on the sustainable development of accessible caves including ecotourism, establishment of a network of touristic caves in the ADRION and also conservation of karst areas and the other caves not open to the public with habitat 8310 (92/43/EEC dir), threatened by climate change and illegal dumping. The aspects of training, creating new professions to improve socio-economic conditions of mountain areas, transferring of best practice among PPs will play a key role and will contribute to the achievement of the general objective of the strategic theme: to develop a joint cross-border sustainable tourism platform within the ADRION area aiming at implementation of new models for sustainable tourism management as a development engine in the area and reducing the seasonality of tourism through the marketing of the unique natural and cultural potential that can be visited throughout the year. Moreover the project also follows some specific EU legislation on caves and karst landscapes. These specific habitats are protected under the Dir. 92/43/EEC and host species protected under the same Directive and the 09/147/EU: the project tackles the problem of tourism regulation in order to avoid conflicts with protected habitats and species, includes activities to evaluate the impact of visitors and the carrying capacity of caves. Main outputs of the project are: 1) the new brand route of caves "Adriaticaves", a new international brand for minor and sustainable tourism caves, linked to protected areas or sites of natural or historical interest, for holistic and cultural tours all-round, to be used as a motor for the tourist development of the Adrion areas; 2) the Charter of Caves, an international agreement to be signed by cave operators, with a discipline to ensure the sustainable tourism use of visitable caves, respect for the natural and historical heritage in them and the implementation of visits of high educational and cultural value; 3) the international Action Plan for habitat 8310, an action plan drawn up in accordance with the Directive 92/43/EEC to ensure the conservation of habitat 8310 "Caves" protected by the directive and to ensure that the activity of tourist use of caves is in compliance with the European legislation, guaranteeing both the managers and the visitors and, ultimately the same Adriaticaves project. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.100402 | Classification of Matrix-Product Unitaries with Symmetries | We prove that matrix-product unitaries with on-site unitary symmetries are completely classified by the (chiral) index and the cohomology class of the symmetry group G, provided that we can add trivial and symmetric ancillas with arbitrary on-site representations of G. If the representations in both system and ancillas are fixed to be the same, we can define symmetry-protected indices (SPIs) which quantify the imbalance in the transport associated to each group element and greatly refines the classification. These SPIs are stable against disorder and measurable in interferometric experiments. Our results lead to a systematic construction of two-dimensional Floquet symmetry-protected topological phases beyond the standard classification, and thus shed new light on understanding nonequilibrium phases of quantum matter. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.054 | Shoot–Root Communication in Flowering Plants | As sessile organisms, terrestrial plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to coordinate the growth and development of two distinct systems, the shoot and the root, in response to environmental fluctuations. Adaptive systemic responses are accomplished by shoot–root communication, which involves diverse long-distance signalling molecules. During the last few decades, various genetic, biochemical, molecular, and grafting studies have identified multiple long-distance signalling molecules which are crucial for plants to adapt to external changes. In this minireview, the long-distance signals implicated in systemic responses to various environmental cues are discussed. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2015/07/001 | The Effect Of Massive Neutrinos On The Bao Peak | We study the impact of neutrino masses on the shape and height of the BAO peak of the matter correlation function, both in real and redshift space. In order to describe the nonlinear evolution of the BAO peak we run N-body simulations and compare them with simple analytic formulae. We show that the evolution with redshift of the correlation function and its dependence on the neutrino masses is well reproduced in a simplified version of the Zel'dovich approximation, in which the mode-coupling contribution to the power spectrum is neglected. While in linear theory the BAO peak decreases for increasing neutrino masses, the effect of nonlinear structure formation goes in the opposite direction, since the peak broadening by large scale flows is less effective. As a result of this combined effect, the peak decreases by ~ 0. 6 % for ∑ mν = 0. 15 eV and increases by ~1. 2% for ∑ mν = 0. 3 eV, with respect to a massless neutrino cosmology with equal value of the other cosmological parameters. We extend our analysis to redshift space and to halos, and confirm the agreement between simulations and the analytic formulae. We argue that all analytical approaches having the Zel'dovich propagator in their lowest order approximation should give comparable performances, irrespectively to their formulation in Lagrangian or in Eulerian space. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1183/09031936.00017810 | Osteopontin Expression And Relation To Disease Severity In Human Asthma | Recent studies have associated osteopontin (OPN) with allergic inflammation; however, its role in human asthma remains unclear. The aim of this study was to measure OPN levels in the serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and bronchial tissue of healthy controls and asthmatics, identify cellular sources of OPN and examine possible correlations between OPN expression, disease severity and airway remodelling. Serum samples were obtained from 35 mild-to-moderate asthmatics, 19 severe asthmatics and 17 healthy controls in the steady state and in cases of exacerbation. Of these subjects, 29 asthmatics and nine controls underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy and BALF collection. OPN expression was determined by ELISA and immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence. Reticular basement membrane thickness and goblet cell hyperplasia were also determined. Serum and BALF OPN levels were significantly increased in all asthmatics in the steady state, whereas serum levels decreased during exacerbations. OPN was upregulated in the bronchial tissue of all patients, and expressed by epithelial, airway and vascular smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, T-lymphocytes and mast cells. OPN expression correlated with reticular basement membrane thickness and was more prominent in subepithelial inflammatory cells in severe compared to mild-to-moderate asthma. OPN expression is upregulated in human asthma and associated with remodelling changes, and its subepithelial expression correlates with disease severity. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1063/1.5008476 | Design Optimization Of A Compact Photonic Crystal Microcavity Based On Slow Light And Dispersion Engineering For The Miniaturization Of Integrated Mode Locked Lasers | We exploit slow light (high ng) modes in planar photonic crystals in order to design a compact cavity, which provides an attractive path towards the miniaturization of near-infrared integrated fast pulsed lasers. By applying dispersion engineering techniques, we can design structures with a low dispersion, as needed by mode-locking operation. Our basic InP SiO2 heterostructure is robust and well suited to integrated laser applications. We show that an optimized 30 μm long cavity design yields 9 frequency-equidistant modes with a FSR of 178 GHz within a 11. 5 nm bandwidth, which could potentially sustain the generation of optical pulses shorter than 700 fs. In addition, the numerically calculated quality factors of these modes are all above 10,000, making them suitable for reaching laser operation. Thanks to the use of a high group index (28), this cavity design is almost one order of magnitude shorter than standard rib-waveguide based mode-locked lasers. The use of slow light modes in planar photonic cryst. . . | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.alcr.2016.10.003 | The long arm of childhood circumstances on health in old age: Evidence from SHARELIFE | Socioeconomic status (SES) and health during childhood have been consistently observed to be associated with health in old age in many studies. However, the exact mechanisms behind these two associations have not yet been fully understood. The key challenge is to understand how childhood SES and health are associated. Furthermore, data on childhood factors and life course mediators are sometimes unavailable, limiting potential analyses. Using SHARELIFE data (N = 17230) we measure childhood SES and health circumstances, and examine their associations with old age health and their possible pathways via education, adult SES, behavioural risks, and labour market deprivation. We employ structural equation modelling to examine the mechanism of the long lasting impact of childhood SES and health on later life health, and how mediators partly contribute to these associations. The results show that childhood SES is substantially associated with old age health, albeit almost fully mediated by education and adult SES. Childhood health and behavioural risks have a strong effect on old age health, but they do not mediate the association between childhood SES and old age health. Childhood health in contrast retains a strong association with old age health after taking adulthood characteristics into account. This paper discusses the notion of the ‘long arm of childhood’ and concludes that it is a lengthy, mediated, incremental progression rather than a direct effect. Policies should certainly focus on childhood, especially when it comes to addressing childhood health conditions, but our results suggest other important entry points for improving old age health when it comes to socioeconomic determinants. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1088/1751-8121/ab7b21 | Volume of the set of LOCC-convertible quantum states | The class of quantum operations known as local operations and classical communication (LOCC) induces a partial ordering on quantum states. We present the results of systematic numerical computations related to the volume (with respect to the unitarily invariant measure) of the set of LOCC-convertible bipartite pure states, where the ordering is characterised by an algebraic relation known as majorization. The numerical results, which exploit a tridiagonal model of random matrices, provide quantitative evidence that the proportion of LOCC-convertible pairs vanishes in the limit of large dimensions, and therefore support a previous conjecture by Nielsen. In particular, we show that the problem is equivalent to the persistence of a non-Markovian stochastic process and the proportion of LOCC-convertible pairs decays algebraically with a nontrivial persistence exponent. We extend this analysis by investigating the distribution of the maximal success probability of LOCC-conversions. We show a dichotomy in behaviour between balanced and unbalanced bipartitions. In the latter case the asymptotics is somehow surprising: In the limit of large dimensions, for the overwhelming majority of pairs of states a perfect LOCC-conversion is not possible; nevertheless, for most states there exist local strategies that succeed in achieving the conversion with a probability arbitrarily close to one. We present strong evidence of a universal scaling limit for the maximal probability of successful LOCC-conversions and we suggest a connection with the typical fluctuations of the smallest eigenvalue of Wishart random matrices. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
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