id
stringlengths 6
42
| title
stringlengths 3
499
| abstract
stringlengths 0
6.24k
| label
listlengths 1
6
|
|---|---|---|---|
10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02748 | Unveiling Heterogeneity of Interfacial Water through the Water Bending Mode | The water bending mode provides a powerful probe of the microscopic structure of bulk aqueous systems because its frequency and spectral line shape are responsive to the intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, interpreting the bending mode response is straightforward, as the intramolecular vibrational coupling is absent. Nevertheless, bending mode has not been used for probing the interfacial water structure, as it has been yet argued that the signal is dominated by bulk effects. Here, through the sum-frequency generation measurement of the water bending mode at the water/air and water/charged lipid interfaces, we demonstrate that the bending mode signal is dominated not by the bulk but by the interface. Subsequently, we disentangle the hydrogen-bonding of water at the water/air interface using the bending mode frequency distribution and find distinct interfacial hydrogen-bonded structures, which can be directly related to the interfacial organization of water. The bending mode thus provides an excellent probe of aqueous interfacial structure. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W2484603400 | PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR CHOROIDAL NEVUS WITH SUBFOVEAL FLUID | To report the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for management of choroidal nevus associated with subfoveal fluid.A retrospective chart review of 15 patients with choroidal nevus and associated subfoveal fluid treated with PDT was performed. Standard-fluence PDT was used in all patients and response to treatment was assessed with optical coherence tomography.Complete resolution of subfoveal fluid was achieved in 9 eyes (60%) and partial resolution in 4 eyes (27%); 1 eye (7%) experienced worsening subfoveal fluid, and 1 eye (7%) was stable after PDT. After PDT, visual acuity improved in 8 eyes (53%), was stable in 6 (40%), and worsened in 1 eye (7%). Five patients (33%) required a second session of PDT with a median of 4 months (mean, 9 months; range 2-25 months) between the first and second sessions of PDT.Photodynamic therapy is a safe and effective treatment modality for choroidal nevus with subfoveal fluid. Photodynamic therapy provided satisfactory rates of resolution of subfoveal fluid in 87%, which was complete in 60% and partial in 27%. Further studies could further define the role and limitations of PDT for management of subfoveal fluid from choroidal nevus. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1038/ismej.2014.50 | Deterministic processes guide long-term synchronised population dynamics in replicate anaerobic digesters | A replicate long-term experiment was conducted using anaerobic digestion (AD) as a model process to determine the relative role of niche and neutral theory on microbial community assembly, and to link community dynamics to system performance. AD is performed by a complex network of microorganisms and process stability relies entirely on the synergistic interactions between populations belonging to different functional guilds. In this study, three independent replicate anaerobic digesters were seeded with the same diverse inoculum, supplied with a model substrate, α-cellulose, and operated for 362 days at a 10-day hydraulic residence time under mesophilic conditions. Selective pressure imposed by the operational conditions and model substrate caused large reproducible changes in community composition including an overall decrease in richness in the first month of operation, followed by synchronised population dynamics that correlated with changes in reactor performance. This included the synchronised emergence and decline of distinct Ruminococcus phylotypes at day 148, and emergence of a Clostridium and Methanosaeta phylotype at day 178, when performance became stable in all reactors. These data suggest that many dynamic functional niches are predictably filled by phylogenetically coherent populations over long time scales. Neutral theory would predict that a complex community with a high degree of recognised functional redundancy would lead to stochastic changes in populations and community divergence over time. We conclude that deterministic processes may play a larger role in microbial community dynamics than currently appreciated, and under controlled conditions it may be possible to reliably predict community structural and functional changes over time. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2574978 | Hierarchical Colour Shift Keying Aided Layered Video Streaming For The Visible Light Downlink | Colour-shift keying (CSK) constitutes an important modulation scheme conceived for the visible light communications (VLC). The signal constellation of CSK relies on three different-color light sources invoked for information transmission. The CSK constellation has been optimized for minimizing the bit error rate, but no effort has been invested in investigating the feasibility of CSK aided unequal error protection (UEP) schemes conceived for video sources. Hence, in this treatise, we conceive a hierarchical CSK (HCSK) modulation scheme based on the traditional CSK, which is capable of generating interdependent layers of signals having different error probability, which can be readily reconfigured by changing its parameters. Furthermore, we conceived an HCSK design example for transmitting scalable video sources with the aid of a recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code. An optimization method is conceived for enhancing the UEP and for improving the quality of the received video. Our simulation results show that the proposed optimized-UEP 16-HCSK-RSC system outperforms the traditional equal error protection scheme by $\sim 1. 7$ dB of optical SNR at a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 37 dB, while optical SNR savings of up to 6. 5 dB are attained at a lower PSNR of 36 dB. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1537397149 | Neural network using Bayesian algorithm for estimation of petroleum reservoir | Purpose – This paper is concerned with the estimation of reservoir parameters in the presence of noise and outliers using neural network (NN) and Bayesian algorithm. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Outlier detection is of great importance to prediction of time series data. A reliable predictive methodology is proposed based on NN and Bayesian algorithm to efficiency estimates of the parameters of a petroleum reservoir. This strategy is applied to estimate the parameters of Marun reservoir located in Ahwaz, Iran utilizing available geophysical well log data. Findings – For an evaluation purpose, the performance and generalization capabilities of Bayes-ANN are compared with the common technique of back propagation (BP). Practical implications – The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid Bayes-NN algorithm is able to reveal a better performance than conventional BP NN algorithms. Originality/value – Helped oil and gas companies to estimation of petrole... | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 2005/0004312 W | THREE BY FOUR CAN PACKAGE DISPENSING CARTON | A carton with an improved dispenser at an end of the carton which preserves the integrity of the carton when it is opened while permitting the bottom end flaps attached to the bottom panel to remain in place and also a portion of each side end flap that overlaps the bottom end flaps. This dispenser has a bottom tear line in the end of the carton which only extends partially across the end of the carton. The tear line extends upwardly from each side of the bottom tear line to form end retainers to prevent cans in the second row of the carton from rolling out. By placing the bottom tear line no higher from the bottom of the carton than necessary to retain a can in the bottom row and to make the end retainers on each side of the carton no larger than necessary to restrain a can in the second row from rolling out, easy access to the cans on the bottom row of containers is provided after the cans in the second and third rows of the carton have been removed. This dispenser may also provide a safety net for the first can dispensed. The top tear line in the top panel for forming the dispenser flap is located from the exiting end of the carton at a distance that is significantly less than the diameter of a can to be contained in the carton. Preferably this distance is between 70 and 85% of the diameter of a container to be contained in the carton, but can be as short at 50% of the diameter of a container plus approximately three millimeters. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W1974321742 | Layered Clay-Alginate Composites for the Adsorption of Anionic Dyes: A Biocompatible Solution for Water/Wastewater Treatment | Adsorption properties of layered anionic clay-composites for the removal of anionic dyes from water were studied. The dye adsorption capacities of the composites were higher than the pristine clay. The clay-alginate composite with 5.9% alginate showed highest adsorption for both the dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity of the composite was enhanced by 51% for Acid Green 25 and 160% for Acid Green 27, compared to the pristine layered clay sample. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The isotherm data could be explained well using the Freundlich isotherm model. Adsorption kinetics was analyzed using normal first order and Lagergren first order kinetic models. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002760 | Efficient "Communication through Coherence" Requires Oscillations Structured to Minimize Interference between Signals | The 'communication through coherence' (CTC) hypothesis proposes that selective communication among neural networks is achieved by coherence between firing rate oscillation in a sending region and gain modulation in a receiving region. Although this hypothesis has stimulated extensive work, it remains unclear whether the mechanism can in principle allow reliable and selective information transfer. Here we use a simple mathematical model to investigate how accurately coherent gain modulation can filter a population-coded target signal from task-irrelevant distracting inputs. We show that selective communication can indeed be achieved, although the structure of oscillatory activity in the target and distracting networks must satisfy certain previously unrecognized constraints. Firstly, the target input must be differentiated from distractors by the amplitude, phase or frequency of its oscillatory modulation. When distracting inputs oscillate incoherently in the same frequency band as the target, communication accuracy is severely degraded because of varying overlap between the firing rate oscillations of distracting inputs and the gain modulation in the receiving region. Secondly, the oscillatory modulation of the target input must be strong in order to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio relative to stochastic spiking of individual neurons. Thus, whilst providing a quantitative demonstration of the power of coherent oscillatory gain modulation to flexibly control information flow, our results identify constraints imposed by the need to avoid interference between signals, and reveal a likely organizing principle for the structure of neural oscillations in the brain. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2013755635 | Practical Guidelines for Setting up an Endoscopic/Skull Base Cadaver Laboratory | Adequate training based on cadaveric dissection is essential to acquire a practical knowledge of surgical anatomy and microsurgical/endoscopic dissection techniques. Endoscopic procedures for the treatment of pathologies of the skull base are becoming increasingly common. The endoscopic training curve for tool handling and a detailed knowledge of the topographic anatomy of the skull base require intensive training on cadavers before approaching living patients, which is why cadaver laboratory experience should be mandatory for every resident and surgeon preparing to use microsurgical and endoscopic techniques. We describe the basic principles of the philosophy of anatomic dissection and the equipment necessary to set up an endoscopic cadaver laboratory. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP06(2012)122 | Probing The Scattering Of Equivalent Electroweak Bosons | We analyze the kinematic conditions under which the scattering of equivalent massive spin-1 vector bosons factorizes out of the complete process. In practice, we derive the conditions for the validity of the effective W approximation, proposed long ago but never established on a firm basis. We also present a parametric estimate of the corrections to the approximation and explicitly check its validity in two examples. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
638447 | Protac linker design: towards functionality | Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs), small molecules capable of inducing degradation of a target protein, represent a novel strategy to design advanced chemical probes and therapeutic agents with the potential to target so far “undruggable” proteins. PROTACs are heterobifunctional molecules consisting of binding ligands to an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a protein of interest, covalently connected by a linker. Formation of a ternary complex of target protein, PROTAC and E3 ligase allows ubiquitination of the target protein, leading to its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Due to the complexity of this ternary system, rational PROTAC design is highly challenging and novel PROTACs are to date commonly derived from trial-and-error approaches, typically using simple linkers to connect the two binding ligands. The potential to significantly stabilize and in doing so bias productive ternary complex formation, through design of functional linkers has not been exploited so far. My goal for this project is to identify and explore novel functional linker motifs which will enhance interactions within the ternary complex, such as PROTAC-ligase, PROTAC-target as well as cross-interactions between the E3 ligase and the target protein. The effects of halogen bonding, metal coordination and restricted conformational flexibility of the PROTAC linker on ternary complex formation and PROTAC degradation activity and efficiency will be systematically studied, benchmarked against related PROTAC degraders with non-functionalized linkers and taken as the basis to derive valuable structure-activity relationships. My long-term vision is to capitalize on this Fellowship to enhance my career by developing a rational-design strategy for novel PROTAC degraders capitalizing on functionalized linkers to efficiently degrade proteins so far considered to be “undruggable”. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
996780 | New twin floating platform for offshore wind turbines | ""Wind power has established itself in recent years as a clean alternative to conventional sources of electrical generation.
Reduced costs and further technical development led to the deployment in the sea over the past decade. Offhsore, the wind resource is higher and more constant, allowing higher unitary power turbines operate a higher yield. However, the marine environment also imposes a number of constraints and challenges. Current technologies are fixed to the seabed, using different types of foundations, howere most of wind resources are located in deeper waters, where floating solutions are needed.
Because of their initial higher costs, these solutions are still under development, with only a few prototypes installed worldwide. Nowadays, the challenge is to reduce the costs of floating wind turbine structures which enable the access to a much larger energy potential that the one available in land and more easily manageable.
The aim of the SATH project is the demonstration in real conditions of a floating structure for offshore wind which will allow a reduction in LCOE (Levelized Cost Of Energy) over the current floating technology.
The SATH solution is a platform that consists of two cylindrical floats (of prestressed reinforced concrete) which can be manufactured onshore and transported and positioned at the final location in a single mooring point allowing the rotation of the platform on itself, self-aligning with the wind direction."" | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.cell.2015.06.023 | The Ras-Erk-ETS-Signaling Pathway Is a Drug Target for Longevity | Summary Identifying the molecular mechanisms that underlie aging and their pharmacological manipulation are key aims for improving lifelong human health. Here, we identify a critical role for Ras-Erk-ETS signaling in aging in Drosophila. We show that inhibition of Ras is sufficient for lifespan extension downstream of reduced insulin/IGF-1 (IIS) signaling. Moreover, direct reduction of Ras or Erk activity leads to increased lifespan. We identify the E-twenty six (ETS) transcriptional repressor, Anterior open (Aop), as central to lifespan extension caused by reduced IIS or Ras attenuation. Importantly, we demonstrate that adult-onset administration of the drug trametinib, a highly specific inhibitor of Ras-Erk-ETS signaling, can extend lifespan. This discovery of the Ras-Erk-ETS pathway as a pharmacological target for animal aging, together with the high degree of evolutionary conservation of the pathway, suggests that inhibition of Ras-Erk-ETS signaling may provide an effective target for anti-aging interventions in mammals. Video Abstract | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1002/adfm.201301275 | Iron oxide-labeled collagen scaffolds for non-invasive MR imaging in tissue engineering | Non-invasive imaging holds significant potential for implementation in tissue engineering. It can be used to monitor the localization and function of tissue-engineered implants, as well as their resorption and remodelling. Thus far, however, the vast majority of effort in this area of research have focused on the use of ultrasmall super-paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle-labeled cells, colonizing the scaffolds, to indirectly image the implant material. Reasoning that directly labeling scaffold materials might be more beneficial (enabling imaging also in the case of non-cellularized implants), more informative (enabling the non-invasive visualization and quantification of scaffold degradation), and easier to translate into the clinic (cell-free materials are less complex from a regulatory point-of-view), three different types of USPIO nanoparticles are prepared and incorporated both passively and actively (via chemical conjugation; during collagen crosslinking) into collagen-based scaffold materials. The amount of USPIO incorporated into the scaffolds is optimized, and correlated with MR signal intensity, showing that the labeled scaffolds are highly biocompatible, and that scaffold degradation can be visualized using MRI. This provides an initial proof-of-principle for the in vivo visualization of the scaffolds. Consequently, USPIO-labeled scaffold materials seem to be highly suitable for image-guided tissue engineering applications. Three-dimensional collagen-based scaffold materials are labeled with ultrasmall superparamagentic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles, enabling their visualization and monitoring using magnetic resonance imaging. USPIO nanoparticles possessing different surface functionalities are incorporated either physically or chemically into the scaffolds. Labeled scaffolds are shown to be highly biocompatible and suitable for tissue engineering applications. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
804994 | Admixture accelerated adaptation: signals from modern, ancient and archaic DNA. | With the advent of new sequencing technologies, population geneticists now have access to more data than ever before. We have access to thousands of human genomes from a diverse set of populations around the globe, and, thanks to advances in DNA extraction and library preparation, we now are beginning to have access to ancient DNA sequence data. These data have greatly improved our knowledge of human history, human adaptation to different environments and human disease. Genome-wide studies have highlighted many genes or genomic loci that may play a role in adaptive or disease related phenotypes of biological importance.
With these collections of modern and ancient sequence data we want to answer a key evolutionary question: how do human adaptations arise? We strongly believe that the state-of-the-art methodologies for uncovering signatures of adaptation are blind to potential modes of adaptation because they are lacking two critical components – more complete integration of multiple population haplotype data (including archaic, ancient and modern samples), and an account of population interactions that facilitate adaptation.
Therefore I plan to develop new methods to detect shared selective events across populations by creating novel statistical summaries, and to detect admixture-facilitated adaptation which we believe is likely a common mode of natural selection. We will apply these tools to new datasets to characterize the interplay of natural selection, archaic and modern admixture in populations in the Americas and make a comparative analysis of modern and ancient European samples to understand the origin and changing profile of adaptive archaic alleles. As a result our work will reveal evolutionary processes that have played an important role in human evolution and disease. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
Q4052224 | SOFTWARE DE ANÁLISIS DE LABORATORIO DE INNOVACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA PARA PERMITIR LA TRAZABILIDAD DE LAS OBRAS | SOFTWARE DE ANÁLISIS DE LABORATORIO DE INNOVACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA PARA PERMITIR LA TRAZABILIDAD DE LAS OPERACIONES REALIZADAS | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
651201 | Sustainable energy investing and financing activation | The project of the Sustainable Energy Investing and Financing Activation (SEIFA) will create incentives to increase private equity investing for the industrial decarbonisation of the built environment. The SEIFA project is focusing on investing and financing of deep renovation industrial projects, energy supply facilities and energy service companies. The investors-first approach will be held with an emphasis on the environmental impact in terms of decarbonisation rate and risk-adjusted rate of return. The new financial schemes to incentivise private individual and institutional investments to sustainable energy projects will be established. Innovative financing schemes will include sustainable energy investing risks metrics and benefits. The network of regional/national project aggregators will be established. Investment pooling and proposed investment vehicles will let achieve lower transaction costs. The financial software tools will be provided for the energy efficiency measurement, quantification and evaluation of additional benefits of sustainable energy investing including decarbonisation rate, increased asset value, impact on investor reputation, and for investment rating and ranking. The detailed methodology of the sustainable energy investment securitisation and detailed roadmap for the secondary market for sustainable energy investing will be created. Initial milestones of the secondary market for sustainable energy investing will be accomplished during the project duration. The planned project duration is 30 months. At least 500 million Eur for sustainable energy projects will be provided during the SEIFA project duration and it is expected that 5 billion Eur mark will be reached during the 5 years after the project completion. The SEIFA project platform will greatly increase the attractiveness for the financial sector to sustainable energy investing across Europe and beyond. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
215737 | Innovative multi-functional vacuum-insulation-panels (vips) for use in the building sector | INNOVIP Consortium will reinvent the top-of-the-line insulating material vacuum-insulation-panels (VIP) by improving their thermal performance over the entire lifetime by at least 25 % and making VIPs adjustable, mountable and machineable. By reducing the density of the core material and/or using an alternative core material together with less expensive VIP-envelopes as gas barrier, it will be possible to sell the new product INNOVIP by more than 20 % lower price. Besides, the new product has a reduced embodied energy by at least 25 % and, attaching different cover layers, the panels can fulfill different functions. These additional functions can be adjusted according to the application they address, for example photocatalytic VOC removal from indoor- and outdoor air, anti mould coating, moisture buffering by Aluminium Compounds or summer heat cut-off by latent heat activated in phase change materials (PCMs).
Currently there is no such material on the market. INNOVIP will develop such an innovative solution which will lead to a breakthrough in energy efficiency of the opaque parts of the building envelope – both in new built and existing houses. The success of the development process will be demonstrated in two prototypes that can be tested and validated. Development tasks will be carried out in close cooperation with the three complementary and reputed participating testing laboratories. We will show that, in principle, the new product is ready for use in certain important and representative applications, addressing a relevant market volume by replacing conventional insulating materials and standard VIP in established insulation solutions. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1524948801 | Taxation of Intergenerational Transfers and Wealth | Abstract In this chapter, I review empirical and theoretical literature on taxation of intergenerational transfers (estates, bequests, inheritances, inter vivos gifts) and wealth. The main message may be summarized as follows. Empirical evidence on bequest motivations and responses to estate taxation is spotty and much remains be done, but what we know points in the direction of (1) mixed motives, (2) heterogeneity of preferences, and (3) importance of retaining control over wealth. These patterns are important for normative analysis of taxation toward the top of the distribution. Theoretical work should further focus on understanding implications of inequality of inherited wealth: the topic that has been neglected in the past, even though it is closely related to—more carefully studied, but arguably much less important in practice—externalities from giving. Potential externalities from wealth accumulation and concentration are yet to be seriously addressed. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1111/jomf.12473 | Family Characteristics and Mate Selection: Evidence From Computer-Assisted Dating in Japan | Research on mate selection rarely considers singles' preferences for their future partners' family configurations and experiences. Using online dating records from a matchmaking agency in Japan, a society with a strong emphasis on family and kinship, we examine how singles' responses to date requests correspond to potential mates' family circumstances. Results showed that singles' preferences for potential partners' family characteristics stem from a concern about future obligations toward the partner's family and stereotypes associated with certain family traits. Singles are less likely to accept requests from those from large families, which are seen as traditional. Being from a large family, however, hampers individuals' dating chances more if they are firstborn and have no brothers, two conditions that make them the designated child to care for elderly parents. We also find that Japanese singles seek partners with more of the universally valued family traits rather than traits similar to their own. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
260897 | Targeting the reproductive biology of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae: from laboratory studies to field applications | Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are the major vectors of malaria, a disease with devastating consequences for
human health. Novel methods for controlling the natural vector populations are urgently needed, given the
evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and the lack of novel insecticidals. Understanding the
processes at the bases of mosquito biology may help to roll back malaria. In this proposal, we will target
mosquito reproduction, a major determinant of the An. gambiae vectorial capacity. This will be achieved at
two levels: (i) fundamental research, to provide a deeper knowledge of the processes regulating reproduction
in this species, and (ii) applied research, to identify novel targets and to develop innovative approaches for
the control of natural populations. We will focus our analysis on three major players of mosquito
reproduction: male accessory glands (MAGs), sperm, and spermatheca, in both laboratory and field settings.
We will then translate this information into the identification of inhibitors of mosquito fertility. The
experimental activities will be divided across three objectives. In Objective 1, we will unravel the role of the
MAGs in shaping mosquito fertility and behaviour, by performing a combination of transcriptional and
functional studies that will reveal the multifaceted activities of these tissues. In Objective 2 we will instead
focus on the identification of the male and female factors responsible for sperm viability and function.
Results obtained in both objectives will be validated in field mosquitoes. In Objective 3, we will perform
screens aimed at the identification of inhibitors of mosquito reproductive success. This study will reveal as
yet unknown molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive success in mosquitoes, considerably increasing
our knowledge beyond the state-of-the-art and critically contributing with innovative tools and ideas to the
fight against malaria. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
184732 | Embedded neuromorphic sensory processor | Neuromorphic computing has demonstrated high potential for creating computing systems with order-of-magnitude improvements in energy efficiency and robustness to noisy or unreliable sensory signals, such as those inherent in vision. However, a significant roadblock to realizing the full potential of this emerging brain-inspired technology is the current practical need to use inefficient and slow (high latency) legacy von Neumann architectures to convert the input data that needs to be processed, and supply it to the neuromorphic system for further processing.
A promising solution to this problem is the recent availability of state-of-the-art neuromorphic sensors, which produce asynchronous event-based output in a form for neuromorphic processing. In parallel, we have developed state-of-the-art neuromorphic processors in the ERC NeuroP project, opening the path to creating fully neuromorphic combined sensing and processing systems.
Here we will demonstrate the potential of this technology by building a proof of concept Neuromorphic Sensory Processor (NSP), which will directly interface the neuromorphic Dynamic Vision Sensor with one of the neuromorphic processor devices developed in the ERC NeuroP project. This will represent the first ever general-purpose, end-to-end, fully neuromorphic vision sensing and processing system available for general usage.
In this project we will build a technology demonstrator and a detailed commercial business case for this technology, and demonstrate both its technological and commercial advantages. Possible applications for the technology include ultra-high performance and ultra-low power visual processing in ambient surveillance, driver assistance, mobile/wearable devices and robotics. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1177/0272431619858413 | National Child And Adolescent Health Policies As Indicators Of Adolescent Mental Health A Multilevel Analysis Of 30 European Countries | There is little evidence on the association between child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) policies and adolescent mental health. This study examined this association using data on indicators of. . . | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1039/c6cc05768c | The role of counter-anions in the kinetics and chirality of porphyrin J-aggregates | The structure-making or breaking abilities of different anions, according to the Hofmeister series, play an important role in controlling the kinetics of growth and the chirality in porphyrin J-aggregates. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
222403 | Integration of innovative ice protection systems | This proposal fits within the framework of aircraft effectiveness constant improvement by reducing fuel and power consumptions. Its ultimate goal is to economically remove ice accreting on aircraft structure critical parts and thus increase reliability and mass saving on the global function. By comparison with the present existing solutions which are based on active pneumatic and electro-thermal means the targeted solutions will enable electrical power consumption, cost and mass reductions and ease the overall integration process.
The subject of this proposal is to integrate and test two innovative ice protection systems in aircraft structures. The first system is based on two-phase heat transport and will be tested in a turboprop metallic air intake. The second system is based on electromagnetic induction and will be tested on a wing fixed leading edge and on a flap leading edge. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
616449 | The Proteolytic Machinery of the Plant Apoplast:
from Basic Understanding to Improved Recombinant Protein Production | The plant proteolytic machinery involves over 700 proteases that control the (in)activation of proteins. Surprisingly, although every protein is regulated by proteolysis, only very few natural substrates of plant proteases have been identified, and the diverse roles of e.g. secreted proteases are still poorly understood. These questions have become even more urgent since glyco-engineered plants are increasingly used for the production of recombinant proteins (RPs) to produce therapeutic antibodies, enzymes and hormones. Notably, transient expression by infiltrating leaves with Agrobacterium cultures (agroinfiltration) is cheaper, safer, more scalable and faster than any other protein expression system. However, glycosylated RPs are secreted into the apoplast where they are cleaved and degraded by plant proteases, many of which accumulate upon agroinfiltration. Therefore, secreted plant proteases cause heavy yield losses and obstruct the true potential of molecular farming in plants.
The aim of this project is to comprehensively understand the roles of proteases in the plant apoplast and to use this knowledge to improve recombinant (glyco)protein production in plants by targeted protease depletion.
To achieve this aim, my four objectives are to:
1) identify the major apoplastic proteases and their natural substrates and unravel proteolytic pathways;
2) annotate biological roles to secreted proteases in cellular homeostasis and microbial colonization;
3) understand substrate selection and develop software to predict cleavage sites in apoplastic substrates;
4) improve RP production by targeted (multi)protease depletion.
My expertise on secreted plant proteases puts me in an excellent position to develop a model system for proteolysis in plants and solve a key problem in a new, growing industry in Europe. This project will add a new, exciting direction to my research program and connect basic and applied science. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W2934090855 | Drivers of soil bacterial community structure and diversity in tropical agroforestry systems | Abstract Agroforestry systems (AFSs) are considered sustainable forms of land management, but their impact on soil microbial biodiversity remains poorly understood. Here, we compared the structure and diversity of bacterial communities in rubber-based AFSs in tropical China that had different management types and stand ages: 10-year-old rubber mono- (YR) and intercropping (YRF), and 22-year-old rubber mono- (MR) and intercropping (MRF). Stand age had a stronger effect on bacterial communities than management type or season. Compared to the corresponding monocultures, YRF maintained bacterial diversity despite experiencing a decrease in abundance, especially at soil depths of 0–5 and 5–30 cm, whereas MRF enhanced bacterial diversity with a consistent abundance. Bacterial communities in AFSs exhibited obvious horizon-specific seasonal variations due to spatial and temporal heterogeneity in edaphic factors. Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most dominant bacterial phyla in tropical AFSs in China, while Kitasatospora, Streptomyces, Nitrospira, Bacillus and Pseudomonas were the key genera. Soil pH, available phosphorus and dissolved organic nitrogen emerged as the major drivers of these bacterial community patterns. These findings indicate that the establishment of rubber-based AFSs, particularly those in mature stands, is a promising management practice for alleviating the adverse effects of rubber monoculture on bacterial biodiversity, including severe acidification and nutrient depletion. Our study highlights the importance of considering multiple effects when investigating bacterial communities in AFSs under climate change scenarios. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.23919/VLSIC.2017.8008472 | A 0 5V 1 6Mw 2 4Ghz Fractional N All Digital Pll For Bluetooth Le With Pvt Insensitive Tdc Using Switched Capacitor Doubler In 28Nm Cmos | This paper proposes an ultra-low-voltage (ULV) fractional-N all-digital PLL (ADPLL) powered from a single 0. 5 V supply. While its DCO runs directly at 0. 5 V, a switched-capacitor DC-DC converter doubles the supply voltage to all the digital circuitry and regulates the TDC supply to stabilize its resolution thus maintaining fixed inband phase noise (PN) across PVT. The ADPLL supports a 2-point modulation and forms a Bluetooth LE (BLE) transmitter realized in 28 nm CMOS. It achieves in-band PN of −106 dBc/Hz (FoM of −239. 2 dB) and RMS jitter of 0. 86ps while dissipating only 1. 6mW at 40 MHz reference. The power consumption reduces to 0. 8 mW during BLE transmission when the DCO switches to open-loop. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1109/MWP.2016.7791281 | Plasmonic Phased Array Feeder Enabling Symbol By Symbol Mm Wave Beam Steering At 60 Ghz | We demonstrate an on-chip 60 GHz phased array antenna feeder with record-low footprint (active area <2. 5μm2), based on ultra-compact plasmonic modulators. The chip footprint is only limited by the contact pads size. Our implementation also enables ultra-fast steering with less than 1 ns reconfiguration time. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1578596006 | Generating Internally Triconnected Rooted Plane Graphs | A biconnected plane graph G is called internally triconnected if any cut-pair consists of outer vertices and its removal results in only components each of which contains at least one outer vertex In a rooted plane graph, an edge is designated as an outer edge with a specified direction For given positive integers n≥1 and g≥3, let ${\cal G}_3(n,g)$ (resp., ${\cal G}_{\tt int}(n,g)$) denote the class of all triconnected (resp., internally triconnected) rooted plane graphs with exactly n vertices such that the size of each inner face is at most g In this paper, we present an O(1)-time delay algorithm that enumerates all rooted plane graphs in ${\cal G}_{\tt int}(n,g)-{\cal G}_3(n,g)$ in O(n) space. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
Q84307 | NMR Crystallography as the state-of-art tool for insight into structural properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their formulations – Innovative methodology to improve the quality of medical products. | The aim of this project is to develop methodology of analysis active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their formulation to precisely describe structural behaviours existing in their solid-state forms. The extensive study will consider NMR Crystallography as the perfect tool for solving problems of polymorphism, solvatomorphism and/or effect of co-crystallisation. For selected investigating objects, attempt will be made also to answer the question of influence of excipients and manufacturing procedure on API. Since the neurodegeneration and collaborative diseases became one of the main problems for the elderly people, this work will focus on the medicines designed in the last decade for treatment of that diseases, such as Parkinson, Sclerosis Multiplex, Schizophrenia or Dementia. Finally, our study not only allows to get important structural information for particular objects but also promises to extend capability of innovative methodology to improve the quality of medical products. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.4171/RMI/975 | Strictly Convex Corners Scatter | We prove the absence of non-scattering energies for potentials in the plane having a corner of angle smaller than π. This extends the earlier result of Blasten, Paivarinta and Sylvester who considered rectangular corners. In three dimensions, we prove a similar result for any potential with a circular conic corner whose opening angle is outside a countable subset of (0, π). | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
640156 | High-level Prior Models for Computer Vision | Since more than 50 years, computer vision has been a very active research field but it is still far away from the abilities of the human visual system. This stunning performance of the human visual system can be mainly contributed to a highly efficient three-layer architecture: A low-level layer that sparsifies the visual information by detecting important image features such as image gradients, a mid-level layer that implements disocclusion and boundary completion processes and finally a high-level layer that is concerned with the recognition of objects.
Variational methods are certainly one of the most successful methods for low-level vision. However, it is very unlikely that these methods can be further improved without the integration of high-level prior models. Therefore, we propose a unified mathematical framework that allows for a natural integration of high-level priors into low-level variational models. In particular, we propose to represent images in a higher-dimensional space which is inspired by the architecture for the visual cortex. This space performs a decomposition of the image gradients into magnitude and direction and hence performs a lifting of the 2D image to a 3D space. This has several advantages: Firstly, the higher-dimensional embedding allows to implement mid-level tasks such as boundary completion and disocclusion processes in a very natural way. Secondly, the lifted space allows for an explicit access to the orientation and the magnitude of image gradients. In turn, distributions of gradient orientations – known to be highly effective for object detection – can be utilized as high-level priors. This inverts the bottom-up nature of object detectors and hence adds an efficient top-down process to low-level variational models.
The developed mathematical approaches will go significantly beyond traditional variational models for computer vision and hence will define a new state-of-the-art in the field. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/779/1/38 | On The Source Of The Dust Extinction In Type Ia Supernovae And The Discovery Of Anomalously Strong Na I Absorption | High-dispersion observations of the Na I D λλ5890, 5896 and K I λλ7665, 7699 interstellar lines, and the diffuse interstellar band at 5780 A in the spectra of 32 Type Ia supernovae are used as an independent means of probing dust extinction. We show that the dust extinction of the objects where the diffuse interstellar band at 5780 A is detected is consistent with the visual extinction derived from the supernova colors. This strongly suggests that the dust producing the extinction is predominantly located in the interstellar medium of the host galaxies and not in circumstellar material associated with the progenitor system. One quarter of the supernovae display anomalously large Na I column densities in comparison to the amount of dust extinction derived from their colors. Remarkably, all of the cases of unusually strong Na I D absorption correspond to "Blueshifted" profiles in the classification scheme of Sternberg et al. This coincidence suggests that outflowing circumstellar gas is responsible for at least some of the cases of anomalously large Na I column densities. Two supernovae with unusually strong Na I D absorption showed essentially normal K I column densities for the dust extinction implied by their colors, but this does not appear to be a universal characteristic. Overall, we find the most accurate predictor of individual supernova extinction to be the equivalent width of the diffuse interstellar band at 5780 A, and provide an empirical relation for its use. Finally, we identify ways of producing significant enhancements of the Na abundance of circumstellar material in both the single-degenerate and double-degenerate scenarios for the progenitor system. The American Astronomical Society. . | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
3729177 | A disruptive medical device to enable proton therapy as non-invasive and automated treatment of heart arrhythmias | Heart arrhythmia is a major worldwide public health problem, accounting for 15–20% of all deaths. Heart arrhythmias affects over 15 million people in Europe and North America and this number is expected to double in the next 50 years due to the aging population and lifestyle changes. Catheter ablation is the current gold standard for heart arrhythmia treatment. The surgical procedure is performed by introducing a catheter under anaesthesia into the heart chambers, to ablate selected target regions by applying heat. This invasive procedure requires patient hospitalization, a staff of 10 doctors, and has a high risk of complications, such as bleeding, infection and damage to heart valves and blood vessels.
EBAMed developed Cardio-kit, a non-invasive medical device for heart arrhythmia treatment using proton therapy. Cardio-kit is a plug & play system that can be integrated into any existing proton therapy machine. Cardio-kit enables monitoring of heart movements in real-time, and automatically adjust the Stop/Go signal to the proton therapy machine based on the cardiac cycle in which to intervene. Cardio-kit ensures an accurate, effective and safe treatment of the moving target within the heart at the right time. In this way, Cardio-kit facilitates an out-patient procedure, as it does not require any hospitalization or sedation. The procedure is quick, safe, painless and suitable for any age and health condition patient with no side-effects.
The EIC funding will enable EBAMed to optimize the Cardio-kit hardware and software components, and to perform all the clinical validation activities necessary to obtain CE Mark and start commercialization in Europe. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2145312680 | Blind Source Separation for Convolutive Audio Mixing | This paper describes an efficient Blind Source Separation of speech and music, speech and music which are considered as convolutive mixtures. The convolutive mixed signals consist of source signals and same amount of delay or echo of the same source signal. Convolutive BSS of stereo mixtures is the challenging task in the audio signal processing application.BSS is a technique for estimating original source signal from their mixtures of signals. The mixed signals were decomposed by 1D multilevel discrete wavelet decomposition. Decomposition levels are changed and the signals to noise ratio (SNR) are calulated.After that ICA has been performed and the sources are separated. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1007745 | Population genomics of grey wolves and wolf-like canids in North America | North America is currently home to a number of grey wolf (Canis lupus) and wolf-like canid populations, including the coyote (Canis latrans) and the taxonomically controversial red, Eastern timber and Great Lakes wolves. We explored their population structure and regional gene flow using a dataset of 40 full genome sequences that represent the extant diversity of North American wolves and wolf-like canid populations. This included 15 new genomes (13 North American grey wolves, 1 red wolf and 1 Eastern timber/Great Lakes wolf), ranging from 0. 4 to 15x coverage. In addition to providing full genome support for the previously proposed coyote-wolf admixture origin for the taxonomically controversial red, Eastern timber and Great Lakes wolves, the discriminatory power offered by our dataset suggests all North American grey wolves, including the Mexican form, are monophyletic, and thus share a common ancestor to the exclusion of all other wolves. Furthermore, we identify three distinct populations in the high arctic, one being a previously unidentified “Polar wolf” population endemic to Ellesmere Island and Greenland. Genetic diversity analyses reveal particularly high inbreeding and low heterozygosity in these Polar wolves, consistent with long-term isolation from the other North American wolves. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1039/C0DT01686A | A 2D Homochiral Inorganic Organic Framework Exhibiting A Spin Flop Transition | A 2D homochiral inorganic–organic framework {[Mn(NPTA)(4,4′-bpy)(H2O)]·(H2O)2}n was prepared by assembling achiral polar 4-nitrophthalic acid, manganese ions, and ancillary 4,4′-bipyridine ligands (NPTA = 4-nitrophthalate) (4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine). The isomorphous Zn(II) compound was also prepared as a diamagnetic analogue. Adjacent manganese spin centres are linked by the syn–anti carboxylate to form a helical chain, and chains of the same chirality are connected by 4,4′-bpy ligands to generate a homochiral layered framework. Edge-to-face aromatic interactions between neighboring layers lead to a 3D homochiral supramolecular structure. Magnetization and heat capacity measurements indicate that the framework is a weak antiferromagnet at low applied field. The magnetic interactions between adjacent manganese ions in the helical chain can be fitted using the 1D Fisher model, with 2J/k = −0. 68 K and g = 2. 00. Moreover, the compound displays a unique field-dependent spin–flop transition in high magnetic fields, with a critical field of 23. 6 kOe at 1. 9 K. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1021/acsnano.8b03513 | Supramolecular assemblies on surfaces: Nanopatterning, functionality, and reactivity | Understanding how molecules interact to form large-scale hierarchical structures on surfaces holds promise for building designer nanoscale constructs with defined chemical and physical properties. Here, we describe early advances in this field and highlight upcoming opportunities and challenges. Both direct intermolecular interactions and those that are mediated by coordinated metal centers or substrates are discussed. These interactions can be additive, but they can also interfere with each other, leading to new assemblies in which electrical potentials vary at distances much larger than those of typical chemical interactions. Earlier spectroscopic and surface measurements have provided partial information on such interfacial effects. In the interim, scanning probe microscopies have assumed defining roles in the field of molecular organization on surfaces, delivering deeper understanding of interactions, structures, and local potentials. Self-assembly is a key strategy to form extended structures on surfaces, advancing nanolithography into the chemical dimension and providing simultaneous control at multiple scales. In parallel, the emergence of graphene and the resulting impetus to explore 2D materials have broadened the field, as surface-confined reactions of molecular building blocks provide access to such materials as 2D polymers and graphene nanoribbons. In this Review, we describe recent advances and point out promising directions that will lead to even greater and more robust capabilities to exploit designer surfaces. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
176791 | Thermal hydraulics simulations and experiments for the safety assessment of metal cooled reactors | The thermal-hydraulics Simulations and Experiments for the Safety Assessment of Metal cooled reactor (SESAME) project supports the development of European liquid metal cooled reactors (ASTRID, ALFRED, MYRRHA, SEALER). The project focusses on pre-normative, fundamental, safety-related, challenges for these reactors with the following objectives:
• Development and validation of advanced numerical approaches for the design and safety evaluation of advanced reactors;
• Achievement of a new or extended validation base by creation of new reference data;
• Establishment of best practice guidelines, Verification & Validation methodologies, and uncertainty quantification methods for liquid metal fast reactor thermal hydraulics.
The SESAME project will improve the safety of liquid metal fast reactors by making available new safety related experimental results and improved numerical approaches. These will allow system designers to improve the safety relevant equipment leading to enhanced safety standards and culture.
Due to the fundamental and generic nature of SESAME, developments will be of relevance also for the safety assessment of contemporary light water reactors. By extending the knowledge basis, SESAME will allow the EU member states to develop robust safety policies. At the same time, SESAME will maintain and further develop the European experimental facilities and numerical tools.
The consortium of 25 partners provides American-European-wide scientific and technological excellence in liquid metal thermal hydraulics, as well as full alignment with ESNII and with NUGENIA where of interest. A close interaction with the European liquid metal cooled reactor design teams is foreseen involving them in the Senior Advisory Committee. They will actively advise on the content of the project and will be the prime end-users, ensuring their innovative reactor designs will reach highest safety standards using frontier scientific developments. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
interreg_2902 | Quality of life improvement by supporting public and private services in the rural areas of the Alps | The progressive social and economic marginality of the mountain areas is matched with the decreasing offer of goods and services available for inhabitants (especially for the weakest categories).
This causes a decrease in the quality of life and local identity: many surveys report that the progressive depopulation of mountain areas is due to the desire to look for services at an urban quality level
This trend causes a progressive decrease of trading activities as well as of offered social services, whereas the rising age of the inhabitants tends to create an increasing demand for social and healthcare services. This trend contrasts the economical sustainability of existing social services and trading activities, at least, the way they are run at the present time. The project proposes to carry out co-ordinated area systems which strengthen the existing structural and infra-structural networks matching them with human resources and territorial potentials. These results will be based on the creation of polyfunctional centers/movable services where activities will be coordinated even through the use of ICT (tele booking, e-commerce, e-government). | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/3DV.2013.37 | Balloon Shapes Reconstructing And Deforming Objects With Volume From Images | Reconstructing the shape of a deformable object from a single image is a challenging problem, even when a 3D template shape is available. Many different methods have been proposed for this problem, however what they have in common is that they are only able to reconstruct the part of the surface which is visible in a reference image. In contrast, we are interested in recovering the full shape of a deformable 3D object. We introduce a new method designed to reconstruct closed surfaces. This type of surface is better suited for representing objects with volume. Our method relies on recent advances in silhouette Based reconstruction methods to obtain the template from a reference image. This template is then deformed in order to fit the measurements of a new input image. We combine an inextensibility prior on the deformation with powerful image measurements, in the form of silhouette and area constraints, to make our method less reliant on point correspondences. We show reconstruction results for different object classes, such as animals or hands, that have not been previously attempted with existing template methods. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
786494 | A Gendered International Law of Peace | The ambitious aim of this cutting-edge project is to develop the theoretical foundations for a ‘gendered international law of peace’. In so doing, the project will critically engage with the UN Security Council’s Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda, first set out in resolution 1325, 2000. By 2015, the Security Council had adopted seven further resolutions, which together provide a political agenda for change in international relations. Notwithstanding the body of research that has been generated over the 17 years, conceptual ambiguity, normative indeterminacy and conceptual knowledge gaps continue to limit the transformative potential of the WPS agenda. In addition, a lack of political commitment has perpetuated its marginalisation from other contemporary agendas and initiatives relating to sustainable peace. This project will address some of these knowledge gaps through engaging feminist methodologies to provide an enriched, and gender-sensitive reading of the international legal obligations of states, international governmental organisations and other non-state actors, and in so doing produce research of academic excellence. In developing an innovative conceptual framework for interrogating through a gender lens what is implicated by ‘peace’ and ‘security’, the research will disrupt current international legal orthodoxy in its scope and approach. Through four distinct but inter-linked streams of study, this project will develop a new understanding of the WPS agenda within the changed (and changing) geo-political context and so provide additional tools for furthering gender equality and women’s empowerment during and following conflict that will form the building blocks of a gendered international law of peace. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
Q2054793 | *individuo* | CONTRIBUTI IN CONTO CAPITALE PER LA REALIZZAZIONE DI UN INVESTIMENTO INIZIALE (ART. 2 REG (CE) 651/2014). DOTAZIONE FINANZIARIA: ¬ 70.000.000,00. BENEFICIARI: PICCOLE E MEDIE IMPRESE IN FORMA SINGOLA O ASSOCIATA AD ECCEZIONE DEI DISTRETTI E RETI DI IMPRESA. SPESE AMMISSIBILI:INVESTIMENTI MATERIALI (TERRENI-IMMOBILI-OPERE MURARIE-IMPIANTI-MACCHINARI-ATTREZZATURE) - INVESTIMENTI IMMATERIALI (BREVETTI, LICENZE. KNOW HOW)-SERVIZI DI CONSULENZA. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.041 | Multiple sensitivity profiles to diversity and transition structure in non-stationary input | Recent formalizations suggest that the human brain codes for the degree of order in the environment and utilizes this knowledge to optimize perception and performance in the immediate future. However, the neural bases of how the brain spontaneously codes for order are poorly understood. It has been shown that activity in lateral temporal cortex and the hippocampus is linearly correlated with the order of short visual series under tasks requiring attention to the input and when series order is invariant over time. Here, we examined if sensitivity to order is manifested in both linear and non-linear BOLD response profiles, quantified the degree to which order-sensitive regions operate as a functional network, and evaluated these questions using a paradigm in which performance of the ongoing task could be completed without any attention to the stimulus whose order was manipulated. Participants listened to a 10-minute sequence of tones characterized by non-stationary order, and fMRI identified cortical regions sensitive to time-varying statistical features of this input. Activity in perisylvian regions was negatively correlated with input diversity, quantified via Shannon's Entropy. Activity in ventral premotor, lateral temporal, and insular regions was correlated linearly, parabolically, or via a step-function with the strength of transition constraints in the series, quantified via Markov Entropy. Granger-causality analysis revealed that order-sensitive regions form a functional network, with regions showing non-linear responses to order associated with more afferent connectivity than those showing linear responses. These findings identify networks that spontaneously code and respond to diverse aspects of order via multiple response profiles, and that play a central role in generating and gating predictive neural activity. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0193279 | HMP-1/α-catenin promotes junctional mechanical integrity during morphogenesis | Adherens junctions (AJs) are key structures regulating tissue integrity and maintaining adhesion between cells. During morphogenesis, junctional proteins cooperate closely with the actomyosin network to drive cell movement and shape changes. How the junctions integrate the mechanical forces in space and in time during an in vivo morphogenetic event is still largely unknown, due to a lack of quantitative data. To address this issue, we inserted a functional Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based force biosensor within HMP-1/α-catenin of Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that the tension exerted on HMP-1 has a cell-specific distribution, is actomyosin-dependent, but is regulated differently from the tension on the actin cortex during embryonic elongation. By using time-lapse analysis of mutants and tissue-specific rescue experiments, we confirm the role of VAB-9/Claudin as an actin bundle anchor. Nevertheless, the tension exerted on HMP-1 did not increase in the absence of VAB-9/Claudin, suggesting that HMP-1 activity is not upregulated to compensate for loss of VAB-9. Our data indicate that HMP-1 does not modulate HMR-1/E-cadherin turnover, is required to recruit junctional actin but not stress fiber-like actin bundles. Altogether, our data suggest that HMP-1/α-catenin acts to promote the mechanical integrity of adherens junctions. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.mechmat.2019.04.001 | Characterization of the structural response of a lithiated SiO<inf>2</inf> / Si interface: A reactive molecular dynamics study | We report the results of a computational study regarding the mechanical properties of a lithiated Si/SiO2 interface using reactive molecular dynamics. The study is motivated by an intended application of SiO2-coated Si nanotubes as fibers in structural batteries with a fiber-reinforced composite architecture while serving as anodes. According to the results, main failure properties due to partly irreversible bond breakage during mechanical deformation are identified, indicating agreement with bond energy/bond order based estimates. Microscopic failure properties are also identified and interpreted in view of the observed processes of bonding degradation. In particular, the effect of Li distribution on the shear deformation response is evaluated as significant. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
US 201715585320 A | METHODS OF PROVIDING THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS USING CYCLOSPORIN COMPONENTS | Methods of treating an eye of a human or animal include administering to an eye of a human or animal a composition in the form of an emulsion including water, a hydrophobic component and a cyclosporin component in a therapeutically effective amount of less than 0.1% by weight of the composition. The weight ratio of the cyclosporin component to the hydrophobic component is less than 0.8. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms9362 | Presynaptic spinophilin tunes neurexin signalling to control active zone architecture and function | Assembly and maturation of synapses at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) depend on trans-synaptic neurexin/neuroligin signalling, which is promoted by the scaffolding protein Syd-1 binding to neurexin. Here we report that the scaffold protein spinophilin binds to the C-terminal portion of neurexin and is needed to limit neurexin/neuroligin signalling by acting antagonistic to Syd-1. Loss of presynaptic spinophilin results in the formation of excess, but atypically small active zones. Neuroligin-1/neurexin-1/Syd-1 levels are increased at spinophilin mutant NMJs, and removal of single copies of the neurexin-1, Syd-1 or neuroligin-1 genes suppresses the spinophilin-active zone phenotype. Evoked transmission is strongly reduced at spinophilin terminals, owing to a severely reduced release probability at individual active zones. We conclude that presynaptic spinophilin fine-tunes neurexin/neuroligin signalling to control active zone number and functionality, thereby optimizing them for action potential-induced exocytosis. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
758935 | 1D-electrons coupled to dissipation: a novel approach for understanding and engineering superconducting materials and devices | Correlated electrons are at the forefront of condensed matter theory. Interacting quasi-1D electrons have seen vast progress in analytical and numerical theory, and thus in fundamental understanding and quantitative prediction. Yet, in the 1D limit fluctuations preclude important technological use, particularly of superconductors. In contrast, high-Tc superconductors in 2D/3D are not precluded by fluctuations, but lack a fundamental theory, making prediction and engineering of their properties, a major goal in physics, very difficult. This project aims to combine the advantages of both areas by making major progress in the theory of quasi-1D electrons coupled to an electron bath, in part building on recent breakthroughs (with the PIs extensive involvement) in simulating 1D and 2D electrons with parallelized density matrix renormalization group (pDMRG) numerics. Such theory will fundamentally advance the study of open electron systems, and show how to use 1D materials as elements of new superconducting (SC) devices and materials: 1) It will enable a new state of matter, 1D electrons with true SC order. Fluctuations from the electronic liquid, such as graphene, could also enable nanoscale wires to appear SC at high temperatures. 2) A new approach for the deliberate engineering of a high-Tc superconductor. In 1D, how electrons pair by repulsive interactions is understood and can be predicted. Stabilization by reservoir - formed by a parallel array of many such 1D systems - offers a superconductor for which all factors setting Tc are known and can be optimized. 3) Many existing superconductors with repulsive electron pairing, all presently not understood, can be cast as 1D electrons coupled to a bath. Developing chain-DMFT theory based on pDMRG will allow these materials SC properties to be simulated and understood for the first time. 4) The insights gained will be translated to 2D superconductors to study how they could be enhanced by contact with electronic liquids. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.024 | Complementary Tuning of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> Channel Gating Underlies Fast and Energy-Efficient Action Potentials in GABAergic Interneuron Axons | Fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons (PV+-BCs) express a complex machinery of rapid signaling mechanisms, including specialized voltage-gated ion channels to generate brief action potentials (APs). However, short APs are associated with overlapping Na+ and K+ fluxes and are therefore energetically expensive. How the potentially vicious combination of high AP frequency and inefficient spike generation can be reconciled with limited energy supply is presently unclear. To address this question, we performed direct recordings from the PV+-BC axon, the subcellular structure where active conductances for AP initiation and propagation are located. Surprisingly, the energy required for the AP was, on average, only ∼1. 6 times the theoretical minimum. High energy efficiency emerged from the combination of fast inactivation of Na+ channels and delayed activation of Kv3-type K+ channels, which minimized ion flux overlap during APs. Thus, the complementary tuning of axonal Na+ and K+ channel gating optimizes both fast signaling properties and metabolic efficiency. Hu et al. demonstrate that action potentials in parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneuron axons are energetically efficient, which is highly unexpected given their brief duration. High energy efficiency emerges from the combination of fast inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels and delayed activation of Kv3 channels in the axon. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/s10670-018-0024-6 | Variety of Evidence | Varied evidence confirms more strongly than less varied evidence, ceteris paribus. This epistemological Variety of Evidence Thesis enjoys widespread intuitive support. We put forward a novel explication of one notion of varied evidence and the Variety of Evidence Thesis within Bayesian models of scientific inference by appealing to measures of entropy. Our explication of the Variety of Evidence Thesis holds in many of our models which also pronounce on disconfirmatory and discordant evidence. We argue that our models pronounce rightly. Against a backdrop of failures of the Variety of Evidence Thesis, the intuitive case for the Variety of Evidence Thesis emerges strengthened. Our models do however not support the general case for the thesis since our explication of it fails to hold in certain cases. The parameter space of this failure is explored and an explanation for the failure is offered. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
1261430 | Dynamics and structure of networks | Networks define our life, being essential to cell biology, communications, social and economic systems, and impacting virtually all areas of science and technology. The aim of this proposal is to engage leading experts in network science and graph theory to build a mathematically sound theory of dynamical networks, which will be transformative to our understanding of complex systems, with applications in multiple disciplines.
Both fields have made major conceptual advances in the past decade: network science has offered a data-based basic topological description of complex networks, and has started to address the inherently dynamical nature of real networks, their reconstruction and control; in mathematics we have seen major advances in graph limit theory, the local-global dichotomy in observation, and promising steps in the theory of graphs with intermediate degrees, that capture real networks. While these concepts offer different formalisms to capture the same underlying reality, there has been no conversation between the two communities, limiting our understanding of real networks.
The proposed research aims to build on these advances to construct a coherent theory of dynamical networks, and to exploit its applications and predictive power to various real systems. We plan to offer a sound mathematical foundation of network science, helping us better analyze, predict and control the behavior of real networks. It will benefit mathematics in leading to an enriched, robust graph limit theory, with exciting applications in multiple areas of mathematics. To enhance the wider impact of the proposed mathematical advances, we plan to conduct a permanent conversation with experts from different domains that encounter and explore real networks, from cell biology to brain science and transportation and communication networks, inspiring with novel questions and helping the application of our advances in these domains. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/jacs.8b08784 | Oxygenic Photoreactivity in Photosystem II Studied by Rotating Ring Disk Electrochemistry | Protein film photoelectrochemistry has previously been used to monitor the activity of photosystem II, the water-plastoquinone photooxidoreductase, but the mechanistic information attainable from a three-electrode setup has remained limited. Here we introduce the four-electrode rotating ring disk electrode technique for quantifying light-driven reaction kinetics and mechanistic pathways in real time at the enzyme-electrode interface. This setup allows us to study photochemical H 2 O oxidation in photosystem II and to gain an in-depth understanding of pathways that generate reactive oxygen species. The results show that photosystem II reacts with O 2 through two main pathways that both involve a superoxide intermediate to produce H 2 O 2 . The first pathway involves the established chlorophyll triplet-mediated formation of singlet oxygen, which is followed by its reduction to superoxide at the electrode surface. The second pathway is specific for the enzyme/electrode interface: an exposed antenna chlorophyll is sufficiently close to the electrode for rapid injection of an electron to form a highly reducing chlorophyll anion, which reacts with O 2 in solution to produce O 2•- . Incomplete H 2 O oxidation does not significantly contribute to reactive oxygen formation in our conditions. The rotating ring disk electrode technique allows the chemical reactivity of photosystem II to be studied electrochemically and opens several avenues for future investigation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.piutam.2012.03.013 | Molecular dynamics nano-scratching of aluminium: A novel quantitative energy-based analysis method | Atomistic models for friction suffer from the severe length- and time-scale restrictions of molecular dynamics. Even when they yield good qualitative results, it is difficult to draw meaningful quantitative conclusions from them. In this paper, a novel approach to quantify the scratching work and the energy associated with the creation of plastic zones is presented. The approach is combined with a statistical criterion to determine the significance of simulation box size and sliding rate effects on the friction coefficient. These two methods are applied to a large parametric molecular dynamics study of single-crystal single-asperity aluminium nano-scratch with varying simulation sizes, indentation depths and scratching speeds in order to analyse these size and rate effects. The results show that the simulation size effects are a considerable obstacle to understanding the atomistic origins of friction - using present-day computing hardware - as they have a strong influence on the core mechanisms of sliding friction. A motivation for the development of a new 3D multi-scale method for a hybrid nano- and micro-scale description of plasticity is formulated. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1128/mBio.00707-13 | The intestinal microbiota interferes with the microrna response upon oral listeria infection | The intestinal tract is the largest reservoir of microbes in the human body. The intestinal microbiota is thought to be able to modulate alterations of the gut induced by enteropathogens, thereby maintaining homeostasis. Listeria monocytogenes is the agent of listeriosis, an infection transmitted to humans upon ingestion of contaminated food. Crossing of the intestinal barrier is a critical step of the infection before dissemination into deeper organs. Here, we investigated the role of the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of host protein-coding genes and microRNA (miRNA or miR) expression during Listeria infection. We first established the intestinal miRNA signatures corresponding to the 10 most highly expressed miRNAs in the murine ileum of conventional and germfree mice, noninfected and infected with Listeria. Next, we identified 6 miRNAs whose expression decreased upon Listeria infection in conventional mice. Strikingly, five of these miRNA expression variations (in miR-143, miR148a, miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-378) were dependent on the presence of the microbiota. In addition, as is already known, protein-coding genes were highly affected by infection in both conventional and germfree mice. By crossing bioinformatically the predicted targets of the miRNAs to our whole-genome transcriptomic data, we revealed an miRNA-mRNA network that suggested miRNA-mediated global regulation during intestinal infection. Other recent studies have revealed an miRNA response to either bacterial pathogens or commensal bacteria. In contrast, our work provides an unprecedented insight into the impact of the intestinal microbiota on host transcriptional reprogramming during infection by a human pathogen. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1145/3306346.3322950 | A Monte Carlo Framework For Rendering Speckle Statistics In Scattering Media | We present a Monte Carlo rendering framework for the physically-accurate simulation of speckle patterns arising from volumetric scattering of coherent waves. These noise-like patterns are characterized by strong statistical properties, such as the so-called memory effect. These properties are at the core of imaging techniques for applications as diverse as tissue imaging, motion tracking, and non-line-of-sight imaging. Our rendering framework can replicate these properties computationally, in a way that is orders of magnitude more efficient than alternatives based on directly solving the wave equations. At the core of our framework is a path-space formulation for the covariance of speckle patterns arising from a scattering volume, which we derive from first principles. We use this formulation to develop two Monte Carlo rendering algorithms, for computing speckle covariance as well as directly speckle fields. While approaches based on wave equation solvers require knowing the microscopic position of wavelength-sized scatterers, our approach takes as input only bulk parameters describing the statistical distribution of these scatterers inside a volume. We validate the accuracy of our framework by comparing against speckle patterns simulated using wave equation solvers, use it to simulate memory effect observations that were previously only possible through lab measurements, and demonstrate its applicability for computational imaging tasks. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1145/2517348 | Coupled Structure From Motion And 3D Symmetry Detection For Urban Facades | Repeated structures are ubiquitous in urban facades. Such repetitions lead to ambiguity in establishing correspondences across sets of unordered images. A decoupled structure-from-motion reconstruction followed by symmetry detection often produces errors: outputs are either noisy and incomplete, or even worse, appear to be valid but actually have a wrong number of repeated elements. We present an optimization framework for extracting repeated elements in images of urban facades, while simultaneously calibrating the input images and recovering the 3D scene geometry using a graph-based global analysis. We evaluate the robustness of the proposed scheme on a range of challenging examples containing widespread repetitions and nondistinctive features. These image sets are common but cannot be handled well with state-of-the-art methods. We show that the recovered symmetry information along with the 3D geometry enables a range of novel image editing operations that maintain consistency across the images. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.3390/ijms21010111 | Length and Energy Dependence of Low-Energy Electron-Induced Strand Breaks in Poly(A) DNA | The DNA in living cells can be effectively damaged by high-energy radiation, which can lead to cell death. Through the ionization of water molecules, highly reactive secondary species such as low-energy electrons (LEEs) with the most probable energy around 10 eV are generated, which are able to induce DNA strand breaks via dissociative electron attachment. Absolute DNA strand break cross sections of specific DNA sequences can be efficiently determined using DNA origami nanostructures as platforms exposing the target sequences towards LEEs. In this paper, we systematically study the effect of the oligonucleotide length on the strand break cross section at various irradiation energies. The present work focuses on poly-adenine sequences (d(A4), d(A8), d(A12), d(A16), and d(A20)) irradiated with 5. 0, 7. 0, 8. 4, and 10 eV electrons. Independent of the DNA length, the strand break cross section shows a maximum around 7. 0 eV electron energy for all investigated oligonucleotides confirming that strand breakage occurs through the initial formation of negative ion resonances. When going from d(A4) to d(A16), the strand break cross section increases with oligonucleotide length, but only at 7. 0 and 8. 4 eV, i. e. , close to the maximum of the negative ion resonance, the increase in the strand break cross section with the length is similar to the increase of an estimated geometrical cross section. For d(A20), a markedly lower DNA strand break cross section is observed for all electron energies, which is tentatively ascribed to a conformational change of the dA20 sequence. The results indicate that, although there is a general length dependence of strand break cross sections, individual nucleotides do not contribute independently of the absolute strand break cross section of the whole DNA strand. The absolute quantification of sequence specific strand breaks will help develop a more accurate molecular level understanding of radiation induced DNA damage, which can then be used for optimized risk estimates in cancer radiation therapy. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1088/1742-5468/2011/02/P02003 | Rotated Multifractal Network Generator | The recently introduced multifractal network generator (MFNG), has been shown to provide a simple and flexible tool for creating random graphs with very diverse features. The MFNG is based on multifractal measures embedded in 2d, leading also to isolated nodes, whose number is relatively low for realistic cases, but may become dominant in the limiting case of infinitely large network sizes. Here we discuss the relation between this effect and the information dimension for the 1d projection of the link probability measure (LPM), and argue that the node isolation can be avoided by a simple transformation of the LPM based on rotation. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
228140 | Generalized Homological Mirror Symmetry and Applications | Mirror symmetry arose originally in physics, as a duality between $N = 2$ superconformal field theories. Witten formulated a more mathematically accessible version, in terms of topological field theories. Both conformal and topological field theories can be defined axiomatically, but more interestingly, there are several geometric ways of constructing them. A priori, the mirror correspondence is not unique, and it does not necessarily remain within a single class of geometric models. The classical case relates $\sigma$-models, but in a more modern formulation, one has mirror dualities between different Landau-Ginzburg models, as well as between such models and $\sigma$-models; orbifolds should also be included in this. The simplest example would be the function $W: \C \rightarrow \C$, $W(x) = x^{n+1}$, which is self-mirror (up to dividing by the $\bZ/n+1$ symmetry group, in an orbifold sense). While the mathematics of the $\sigma$-model mirror correspondence is familiar by now, generalizations to Landau-Ginzburg theories are only beginning to be understood. Today it is clear that Homologcal Mirror Symmetry (HMS) as a categorical correspondence works and it is time for developing direct geometric applications to classical problems - rationality of algebraic varieties and Hodge conjecture. This the main goal of the proposal. But in order to attack the above problems we need to generalize HMS and explore its connection to new developments in modern Hodge theory. In order to carry the above program we plan to further already working team Vienna, Paris, Moscow, MIT. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/s00216-012-6166-5 | Continuous flow analysis method for determination of soluble iron and aluminium in ice cores | Iron and aluminium are the two most abundant metals on the Earth's crust, but they display quite different biogeochemical properties. While iron is essential to many biological processes, aluminium has not been found to have any biological function at all. In environmental studies, iron has been studied in detail for its limiting role in the bioproductivity of high nutrient, low carbon oceanic zones, while aluminium is routinely used as a reference of crustal contributions to atmospheric deposition archives including peat bogs, lacustrine and marine sediments and ice sheets and glaciers. We report here the development of a flow injection analysis technique, which has been optimised for the simultaneous determination of soluble iron and aluminium in polar ice cores. Iron was determined by its catalytic role in the reduction of N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamene (DPD) to a semiquinonic form (DPDQ) and subsequent absorption spectroscopy at 514 nm. Aluminium was determined by spectroscopic analysis of an aluminium-lumogallion complex that exhibits fluorescence at 560 nm. These techniques have been applied to a section of Greenland ice dated to 1729-1733∈ad and indicate that volcanism is a source of highly soluble aluminium and iron. [Figure not available: see fulltext. ] | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
694520 | Supernova dust: production and survival rates | The dust content of galaxies is dominated by silicate and carbon grains, whose origin is the subject of much debate - are the dust grains provided mainly by red giant stars, by supernovae from massive stars, or can they grow in the interstellar medium itself from stardust seeds? My team's recent observations with Herschel of three supernova remnants, Cas A, SN 1987A and the Crab Nebula, have provided direct evidence that supernovae from massive stars can form dust masses in the range of 0.1-0.8 solar masses per event, a level at which dust evolution models for high and low redshift galaxies predict that supernovae can become the dominant contributors of dust. With both O-rich and C-rich shells, core-collapse supernovae can make both silicate and carbon particles, as observed. Most of SN 1987A's current dust mass of 0.6-0.8 solar masses appears to have been grown between 3 and 25 years after outburst, a period that is currently poorly observed for other remnants. To build on and to extend these results beyond our initial sample of three core-collapse objects, dust masses will be measured for a much larger sample of late-epoch (3-50 yrs post-outburst) supernova remnants. This will be done by using a new Monte Carlo line transfer code to model red-blue line profile asymmetries observed in 8m telescope optical spectra to derive dust masses at a range of epochs, and via JWST mid-infrared observations of SN dust emission as the dust cools. We will extend our dust and gas emission modelling code to include dust heating not just by radiation but also by particle impacts, in order to determine accurate dust masses for collisionally ionized supernova remnants covered by Herschel surveys of the Magellanic Clouds and Milky Way. The theory programme will also determine grain lifetimes against destruction by supernova remnant reverse shocks, accounting for shielding in clumps, as well as destruction lifetimes for dust in circumstellar shells impacted by supernova blast waves. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.susc.2015.08.015 | Tetracene confinement in L-methionine gratings on the Ag(111) surface | We present a direct study on the positioning and mobility of tetracene molecules in self-assembled methionine nanogratings on the Ag(111) surface. Our scanning tunneling microscopy observations reveal the preferential arrangement of isolated tetracene units within substrate stripes framed by one-dimensional methionine supramolecular rows, under the influence of long-range indirect interactions. However, the orientational order of the rod-like tetracene species is induced by the epitaxial fit to the underlying surface atomic lattice; and preferential alignment with the tetracene axes along the direction of the methionine grating could not be achieved. In scanning tunneling microscopy measurements under perturbative conditions, we find a one-dimensional diffusion of the confined tetracene along the direction of the molecular axis and restricted by the methionine gratings for non-parallel orientations. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00276 | Role of CaCO<inf>3</inf>° neutral pair in calcium carbonate crystallization | The molecular structure of the units that get incorporated into the nuclei of the crystalline phase and sustain their growth is a fundamental issue in the pathway from a supersaturated solution to the formation of crystals. Using a fluorescent dye we have recorded the variation of the pH value in time along a gel where CaCl2 and NaHCO3 counter-diffuse to crystallize CaCO3. The same pH-space-time distribution maps were also computationally obtained using a chemical speciation code (phreeqc). Using data arising from this model we investigated the space-time evolution of the activity of the single species (ions and ion pairs) involved in the crystallization process. Our combined results suggest that, whatever the pathway from solution to crystals, the neutral pair CaCO3° is a key species in the CaCO3 precipitation system. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1155/2011/830421 | Pathogen Recognition By The Long Pentraxin Ptx3 | Innate immunity represents the first line of defence against pathogens and plays key roles in activation and orientation of the adaptive immune response. The innate immune system comprises both a cellular and a humoral arm. Components of the humoral arm include soluble pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) that recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate the immune response in coordination with the cellular arm, therefore acting as functional ancestors of antibodies. The long pentraxin PTX3 is a prototypic soluble PRM that is produced at sites of infection and inflammation by both somatic and immune cells. Gene targeting of this evolutionarily conserved protein has revealed a nonredundant role in resistance to selected pathogens. Moreover, PTX3 exerts important functions at the cross-road between innate immunity, inflammation, and female fertility. Here, we review the studies on PTX3, with emphasis on pathogen recognition and cross-talk with other components of the innate immune system. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
EP 01401676 A | Method for thermal spray coating and rare earth oxide powder used therefor | The invention discloses an efficient method for the formation of a highly corrosion- or etching-resistant thermal spray coating layer of a rare earth oxide or rare earth-based composite oxide by a process of plasma thermal spray method by using a unique thermal spray powder consisting of granules of the oxide. The thermal spray granules are characterized by a specified average particle diameter of 5 to 80 µm with a specified dispersion index of 0.1 to 0.7 and a specified BET specific surface area of 1 to 5 m 2 /g as well as a very low content of impurity iron not exceeding 5 ppm by weight as oxide. The flame spat powder used here is characterized by several other granulometric parameters including globular particle configuration, particle diameter D 90 , bulk density and cumulative pore volume. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2738255077 | Implementación de un sistema de contabilidad de costos en la empresa florícola Spacium s.a. ubicada en la parroquia Mulalillo, cantón Salcedo, provincia de Cotopaxi, al periodo del 1 de agosto al 31 de diciembre del 2013 | At the present, for enterprises to have a good cost system is to possess a competitive advantage against other, since, it helps the management to better decision-making according with the principles and organization of the modern management. Therefore, is made the present thesis in order to implement a costs system based in activities in the Floriculture SPACIUM S.A., since knowing the real costs of the products; it is essential to define which activities are carried out into the enterprise, how many do they cost the same, why do they need to make them. Identifying relevant activities and assigning indirect costs to each activity in proportion to the resources use, identifying inducers of appropriate costs for each activity and assigning the indirect costs to products, the selves are an economic map of the costs and profitability in based to the activities, to achieve this aims testing all documents and information facilitated by the departments of the enterprise which provided the most precise information about the cost of the activities required to produce roses, accounting system of costs based on designed activities; it is generated according the needs of the enterprise which will allow to make decisions that optimatize developed activities in the productive processes as the activity-based system costing can identify the activities what create value and unnecessary costs, assisting as important point the resources optimization and profits increase and achieving business success. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1145/2501988.2502018 | Ultrahaptics Multi Point Mid Air Haptic Feedback For Touch Surfaces | We introduce UltraHaptics, a system designed to provide multi-point haptic feedback above an interactive surface. UltraHaptics employs focused ultrasound to project discrete points of haptic feedback through the display and directly on to users' unadorned hands. We investigate the desirable properties of an acoustically transparent display and demonstrate that the system is capable of creating multiple localised points of feedback in mid-air. Through psychophysical experiments we show that feedback points with different tactile properties can be identified at smaller separations. We also show that users are able to distinguish between different vibration frequencies of non-contact points with training. Finally, we explore a number of exciting new interaction possibilities that UltraHaptics provides. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201833406 | Sedigism The Kinematics Of Atlasgal Filaments | Analysing the kinematics of filamentary molecular clouds is a crucial step towards understanding their role in the star formation process. Therefore, we study the kinematics of 283 filament candidates in the inner Galaxy, that were previously identified in the ATLASGAL dust continuum data. The $^{13}$CO(2 - 1) and C$^{18}$O(2 - 1) data of the SEDIGISM survey (Structure, Excitation, and Dynamics of the Inner Galactic Inter Stellar Medium) allows us to analyse the kinematics of these targets and to determine their physical properties at a resolution of 30 arcsec and 0. 25 km/s. To do so, we developed an automated algorithm to identify all velocity components along the line-of-sight correlated with the ATLASGAL dust emission, and derive size, mass, and kinematic properties for all velocity components. We find two-third of the filament candidates are coherent structures in position-position-velocity space. The remaining candidates appear to be the result of a superposition of two or three filamentary structures along the line-of-sight. At the resolution of the data, on average the filaments are in agreement with Plummer-like radial density profiles with a power-law exponent of p = 1. 5 +- 0. 5, indicating that they are typically embedded in a molecular cloud and do not have a well-defined outer radius. Also, we find a correlation between the observed mass per unit length and the velocity dispersion of the filament of $m \sim \sigma_v^2$. We show that this relation can be explained by a virial balance between self-gravity and pressure. Another possible explanation could be radial collapse of the filament, where we can exclude infall motions close to the free-fall velocity. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
US 2019/0068538 W | ACTIVATABLE MASKED ANTI-CTLA4 BINDING PROTEINS | The invention provides activatable masked anti-CTLA4 binding proteins (e.g., antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric receptors) and their use in treating and preventing cancer, as well as compositions and kits comprising the activatable masked anti-CTLA4 binding proteins. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1934489725 | Assessment of salivary total antioxidant levels and oral health status in children with Down syndrome | Down syndrome (DS) is an autosomal chromosomal disorder caused by trisomy of all or a critical part of chromosome 21. Individuals with DS have high levels of oxidative stress throughout their lifespan. It has been suggested that levels of antioxidants could be altered in response to an infection or disease.To assess the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), and sialic acid (SA) of saliva in children with DS and its relation to their oral health status.Thirty-four noninstitutionalized children in the age group of 7-12 years having DS formed the study group. The control group consisted of 34 normal, healthy children. The W.H.O. criteria were used for diagnosis and recording of dental caries. Oral hygiene status was assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index. Estimation of TAC, NO, and SA levels in saliva was done. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.In comparison to normal children, DS children showed significantly lower TAC of saliva and significantly higher salivary SA levels. In both groups of children, dental caries was higher in primary dentition when compared to their permanent dentition. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/s00039-016-0376-5 | Non-Universality of Nodal Length Distribution for Arithmetic Random Waves | “Arithmetic random waves” are the Gaussian Laplace eigenfunctions on the two-dimensional torus (Rudnick and Wigman in Annales de l’Insitute Henri Poincaré 9(1):109–130, 2008; Krishnapur et al. in Annals of Mathematics (2) 177(2):699–737, 2013). In this paper we find that their nodal length converges to a non-universal (non-Gaussian) limiting distribution, depending on the angular distribution of lattice points lying on circles. Our argument has two main ingredients. An explicit derivation of the Wiener–Itô chaos expansion for the nodal length shows that it is dominated by its 4th order chaos component (in particular, somewhat surprisingly, the second order chaos component vanishes). The rest of the argument relies on the precise analysis of the fourth order chaotic component. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
interreg_2781 | Efficient Practices of Land Use Management Integrating Water Resources Protection and Non-structural Flood Mitigation Experiences | Several territorial challenges common to CE countries ask for adapted and target-oriented land-use activities concerning protection of water resources, balancing conflicts of land-use pressure on water and adaptation to climate change issues despite uncertain prognoses. A function-oriented and land use based spatial management for drinking water protection is strongly required. But best practices already elaborated haven’t yet been successfully applied.
The main objective of PROLINE-CE is improved protection of drinking water resources as well as protection against floods/droughts in an integrated land use management approach, in order to facilitate implementation of existing strategies and management plans, as well as to capitalize and transform them into reality, towards improved organisational structures and effectiveness of land-use management. PROLINE-CE will encompass efficient implementation of innovative best practices of land use and water protection in pilot actions, aiming at --transnational levelling of fundamental visions, --elaboration of policy support and --implementation support at operational level. This will be demonstrated in “GOWARE” tool (Guide towards Optimal WAter REgime).
This will be supported by different capacity building efforts tailored to the defined target groups. Besides intensive stakeholder engagement and feedback loops on national and transnational level, visibility of actions will be enhanced by a Declaration Charta, in order to bundle efforts towards efficiently and effectively implemented management practices targeting drinking water protection. The partnership is composed by both policy support and policy implementation representatives and thus management options for the challenging project topics will be applicable. Hence, PROLINE-CE provides cost efficient management methods and ensures dissemination regarding land use and drinking water protection management on a macroregional scale all over CE programme area. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
695716 | Light Actuated Self-Pulsing Mircogels | Living organisms teach us how to design material structures that can move autonomously. Such motility is not restricted to animated organisms but can also originate from local differences t expansion coefficients in ligneous compounds. This challenges the design of micro-objects that can perform mechanical work and undergo locomotion. Irrespective of the specific material, three fundamental tasks must be solved: (i) to fuel the material for the actuation; (ii) to control the morphing of the object in time and space; and (iii) to establish a feed-back mechanism that enables timing of a sequence of steps. The later refers to an integrated clock function in order to pulse the energy input for distinct mechanical strokes.
Within JELLYCLOCK, we address all three questions at the example of light driven hydrogel micro-objects. We have developed light sensitive microgels that change their shape within milliseconds. IR-irradiation of gold nanorods, entrapped in a thermosensitive hydrogel, is used to heat the gel from inside and enable a gradated spatial and temporal control of its swelling and shrinking. The water-based actuation will be directed to generate a non-reciprocal deformation as required for locomotion at low Reynolds numbers. So far, a directed cyclic deformation action relies on the outside modulation of the irradiation. We will extent this concept by introducing self-oscillating absorption efficiency, so that a stepwise body deformation becomes feasible under continuous irradiation. The project comprises (1) the advanced design of hydrogel based actuators driven by modulated light, (2) achievement of a precise control of the deformation in time and space , and as the actual disruptive step, (3) the realization of a self-sustaining pulsation under continuous near IR irradiation.
Such soft micro engines strike a new path to micro-robotics for biomedical or biomechanical applications, or to create micro devices that could mix, sort and circulate fluid. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2918627142 | Gas sensing through evanescent coupling of spoof surface acoustic waves | Abstract An ultrasonic gas sensor based on evanescent coupling of spoof surface acoustic waves between two surface phononic crystals containing trapezoidal grooves on rigid slabs is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. Sensing properties for carbon dioxide in dry air at 25 °C and 760 Torr are investigated as an example. Band structure analyses reveal two spoof surface acoustic wave bands with opposite parities when the separation of surface phononic crystals is 1.5 times the periodicity of grooves. The beat length varies with frequency and carbon dioxide volume fraction, where the increase of the latter results in red shift of a sharp intense output peak at 59.69 kHz at a rate of 17.70 mHz/ppm and 16.20 mHz/ppm for carbon dioxide volume fractions up to 10,000 ppm, as measured through Finite-Element Method simulations and experiments, respectively. Gas sensing can also be achieved by measuring the output acoustic intensity at constant frequency, which exhibits a steep decrease with carbon dioxide volume fraction up to 2000 ppm. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
669204 | CMOS/magnetoelectronic Integrated Circuits wil Multifunctional Capabilities | Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic memories (STT-MRAM) are receiving a growing R&D effort within the microelectronic industry aiming at the replacement of DRAM or SRAM at sub-20nm nodes.
MAGICAL seeks to significantly innovate through groundbreaking advances in ultra-low power multifunctional systems based on hybrid CMOS/magnetic technology. With the development of portable electronics and of the Internet of Things (IOT), more and more functions must be embedded on chips: logic/memory, sensing, communication, etc. The current hurdles with today's technology are power consumption, communication bandwidth, processing/ packaging costs. MAGICAL will demonstrate that these limitations can be largely overcome through hybrid CMOS/magnetic technology.
The project will follow three main goals:
- Firstly, we will strengthen the STT-MRAM technology by investigating two novel ideas aiming at solving two remaining difficulties in sub-20nm STT-MRAM development: the nanostructuration of magnetic tunnel junctions and the long-term data retention. This will open the path to high density (>Gbit) STT-MRAM.
-Secondly, we will demonstrate that Digital, analog (3D magnetic field sensing for orientation sensor), RF communication functions can be realized with the same baseline technology as the one developed for STT-MRAM. As a result, these three types of functions can be homogeneously integrated in a single chip, a major improvement compared to conventional heterogeneous integration. The prime benefits expected from MAGICAL are: ultralow power thanks to MRAM non volatility and on-chip computation capability, greatly improved communication functionalities (cloud as well as intrachip communication), reduced process/packaging costs.
-Thirdly, through various actions, MAGICAL will aim at narrowing the cultural gap that still exists between magnetism and microelectronics communities.
The project could definitely help the European microelectronic systems industry improve its leadership position. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/hmg/ddy303 | FUS-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila is prevented by downregulating nucleocytoplasmic transport proteins | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the progressive loss of specific groups of neurons. Due to clinical, genetic and pathological overlap, both diseases are considered as the extremes of one disease spectrum and in a number of ALS and FTD patients, fused in sarcoma (FUS) aggregates are present. Even in families with a monogenetic disease cause, a striking variability is observed in disease presentation. This suggests the presence of important modifying genes. The identification of disease-modifying genes will contribute to defining clear therapeutic targets and to understanding the pathways involved in motor neuron death. In this study, we established a novel in vivo screening platform in which new modifying genes of FUS toxicity can be identified. Expression of human FUS induced the selective apoptosis of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) neurons from the ventral nerve cord of fruit flies. No defects in the development of these neurons were observed nor were the regulatory CCAP neurons from the brain affected. We used the number of CCAP neurons from the ventral nerve cord as an in vivo read-out for FUS toxicity in neurons. Via a targeted screen, we discovered a potent modifying role of proteins involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Downregulation of Nucleoporin 154 and Exportin1 (XPO1) prevented FUS-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, we show that XPO1 interacted with FUS. Silencing XPO1 significantly reduced the propensity of FUS to form inclusions upon stress. Taken together, our findings point to an important role of nucleocytoplasmic transport proteins in FUS-induced ALS/FTD. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
Q4769504 | REPETTO COVERS BY REPETTO DANILO | THE COMPANY CARRIES OUT CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND IS SPECIALISED IN ROOF COVERING IN PARTICULAR USING SLATE. THE INDIVIDUAL COMPANY REPETTO COVERS REPETTO DANILO HAS BEEN OPERATING SINCE 20 JANUARY 1994 AND HAS THEREFORE ACQUIRED A GREAT DEAL OF EXPERIENCE AND EXPERTISE IN ITS FIELD WORKING. MR. REPETTO DEALS WITH THE CONTACTS WITH CUSTOMERS AND SUPPLIERS AND ALL THE ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITY. SOME EMPLOYEES ARE EMPLOYED BY MR REPETTO AND THE STAFF IS SIZED ACCORDING TO THE ACTIVITY TO BE CARRIED OUT; THE COMPANY OFTEN COLLABORATES WITH OTHER COMPANIES IN THE SECTOR FOR THE REALISATION OF PARTICULAR WORKS. FOR SOME YEARS THE COMPANY HAS ACTIVATED ITS OWN LOCAL UNIT WITH WAREHOUSE AND OFFICE IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TRIBOGNA AND HAS ORGANISED ITSELF TO BE ABLE TO EFFICIENTLY CARRY OUT ITS ACTIVITIES.ESSA IS EQUIPPED WITH SUITABLE AND INNOVATIVE MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT THAT ALLOW IT TO OPERATE AT ITS BEST. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.5109086 | Semiclassical Vibrational Spectroscopy With Hessian Databases | We report on a new approach to ease the computational overhead of ab initio “on-the-fly” semiclassical dynamics simulations for vibrational spectroscopy. The well known bottleneck of such computations lies in the necessity to estimate the Hessian matrix for propagating the semiclassical pre-exponential factor at each step along the dynamics. The procedure proposed here is based on the creation of a dynamical database of Hessians and associated molecular geometries able to speed up calculations while preserving the accuracy of results at a satisfactory level. This new approach can be interfaced to both analytical potential energy surfaces and on-the-fly dynamics, allowing one to study even large systems previously not achievable. We present results obtained for semiclassical vibrational power spectra of methane, glycine, and N-acetyl-L-phenylalaninyl-L-methionine-amide, a molecule of biological interest made of 46 atoms. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-62703-377-0_16 | Visualizing Olfactory Receptor Expression And Localization In Drosophila | Odor detection and discrimination by olfactory systems in vertebrates and invertebrates depend both on the selective expression of individual olfactory receptor genes in subpopulations of olfactory sensory neurons, and on the targeting of the encoded proteins to the exposed, ciliated endings of sensory dendrites. Techniques to visualize the expression and localization of olfactory receptor gene products in vivo have been essential to reveal the molecular logic of peripheral odor coding and to permit investigation of the developmental and cellular neurobiology of this sensory system. Here, we describe methods for detection of olfactory receptor transcripts and proteins in the antennal olfactory organ of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, an important genetic model organism. We include protocols both for antennal cryosections and whole-mount antennae. These methods can be adapted for detection of receptor expression in other olfactory and gustatory tissues in Drosophila, as well as in the chemosensory systems of other insects. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1037/a0038894 | Informing cognitive abstractions through neuroimaging: The neural drift diffusion model | Trial-to-trial fluctuations in an observer's state of mind have a direct influence on their behavior. However, characterizing an observer's state of mind is difficult to do with behavioral data alone, particularly on a single-trial basis. In this article, we extend a recently developed hierarchical Bayesian framework for integrating neurophysiological information into cognitive models. In so doing, we develop a novel extension of the well-studied drift diffusion model (DDM) that uses single-trial brain activity patterns to inform the behavioral model parameters. We first show through simulation how the model outperforms the traditional DDM in a prediction task with sparse data. We then fit the model to experimental data consisting of a speed-accuracy manipulation on a random dot motion task. We use our cognitive modeling approach to show how prestimulus brain activity can be used to simultaneously predict response accuracy and response time. We use our model to provide an explanation for how activity in a brain region affects the dynamics of the underlying decision process through mechanisms assumed by the model. Finally, we show that our model performs better than the traditional DDM through a cross-validation test. By combining accuracy, response time, and the blood oxygen level-dependent response into a unified model, the link between cognitive abstraction and neuroimaging can be better understood. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
Q4869366 | REVAMPING GALVANIC PLANT | PURPOSE ÃÂ Â: SECURITY OBJECTIVES: — PROMOTE THE REVAMPING OF PLANTS AND MACHINERY: FUNCTIONAL INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTION AND/OR SAFETY PERFORMANCE OF PLANTS AND MACHINERY ALREADY OWNED BY THE COMPANY | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2120748861 | Bilateral Trade and Fisheries Development: the Anglo-Danish Trade Agreement, 19331 | This article examines the fish trade between Denmark and Britain, focusing on the 1933 bilateral trade agreement. Britain was the main export market for Danish fish, achieving a significant market share. Import penetration exacerbated British concerns about competitiveness that had emerged during the 1920s. While British protectionism saw the introduction of tariffs and quotas, which nominally reduced Danish imports by 10%, the Danes accommodated restrictions through exporting semi-processed fish. This article details trends in fish imports from Denmark, examines the national positions in negotiating the trade agreement, and considers how each country's fishing industry responded to its implementation. It draws two principal conclusions. First, that the significance of trade in the development of the interwar fisheries requires greater consideration in historical accounts. Second, that the Danish industry more effectively accommodated the new trade regime than the nominally protected British fishing industry. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W1979163364 | Effects of Processing on Phenolic Phytochemicals in Cereals and Legumes | Cereals and legumes are important sources of phenolic phytochemical compounds that are believed to offer potential health benefits. A variety of methods are used to process cereals and legumes into a wide range of food products for human consumption. The potential health-promoting properties of cereal- and legume-based foods that stem from their phenolic content highlights the importance of understanding the effects of processing on these phytochemicals. Processing may lead to increases, decreases, or no changes in phenolic compound content. However, an increase or decrease may suggest creation or destruction of matter. Therefore, to understand the effects of processing on phenolics in raw materials, it is necessary to interpret data within the context of the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Some types of processing may cause the movement of phenolics out of the system, whereas with other types of processing phenolics may stay within the system an... | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.cma.2020.113268 | Machine learning of multiscale active force generation models for the efficient simulation of cardiac electromechanics | High fidelity (HF) mathematical models describing the generation of active force in the cardiac muscle tissue typically feature a large number of state variables to capture the intrinsically complex underlying subcellular mechanisms. With the aim of drastically reducing the computational burden associated with the numerical solution of these models, we propose a machine learning method that builds a reduced order model (ROM); this is obtained as the best-approximation of the HF model within a class of candidate differential equations based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Within a semiphysical (gray-box) approach, an ANN learns the dynamics of the HF model from input–output pairs generated by the HF model itself (i. e. non-intrusively), being additionally informed with some a priori knowledge about the HF model. The ANN-based ROM, with just two internal variables, can accurately reproduce the results of the HF model, that instead features more than 2000 variables, under several physiological and pathological working regimes of the cell. We then propose a multiscale 3D cardiac electromechanical model, wherein active force generation is described by means of the previously trained ANN. We achieve a very favorable balance between accuracy of the result (order of 10−3 for the main cardiac biomarkers) and computational efficiency (with a speedup of about one order of magnitude), still relying on a biophysically detailed description of the microscopic force generation phenomenon. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
SG 2018050317 W | RFID SECURITY TAPE | An RFID security tape comprising: a layer of tamper-evident tape; a layer of an RFID inlay; a blocking layer; a layer of metal foil having an adhesive bottom surface; and a layer of a release liner, wherein all layers of the RFID security tape are in adhesive connection with each other and wherein the layer of the RFID inlay is configured to be damaged when the RFID security tape has been applied to an asset and the layer of tamper-evident tape is subsequently removed from the asset. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
222722 | Wave predictor | Offshore waves are irregular and unpredictable. The only way offshore operations can be managed safely is through a combination of elaborate statistics and large safety margins. These have been inalienable truths for all offshore operations and vessels for decades.
Some progress has been made in radar technology to analyze surrounding wave spectra real-time, and calculate the probability that a too high wave arises. This is the current state-of-the art in offshore technology, but has several consequences and limitations for operational safety and costs:
- “Safe” is still not 100% safe; a 1/1000 probability that a critical wave height is exceeded is often deemed acceptable. Far from land and handling expensive equipment, the consequences of accidents can be large (millions of euros, injury or death), another reason for the large safety margins;
- Double costs regularly arise when conditions are deemed safe and a transport or operation is started, but subsequently abandoned empty-handed;
- Opportunity costs are enormous as well, due to lost working hours when there would have been plenty safe operational windows - if only they were known upfront.
Next Ocean has developed a world-wide unique technology to predict (critically high) waves 3 minutes in advance. Their Wave Predictor, which is the result of more than ten years of research, contains unique “deciphering” and predictive algorithms for upcoming waves and the resulting ship motions. The WP predicts exactly when and where dangerously high waves, enabling users to anticipate proactively in time. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/c9tc05270d | Identifying high-mobility tetracene derivatives using a non-adiabatic molecular dynamics approach | Alkylated tetracenes offer an attractive route towards flexible columnar organic electronics applications with unprecedented hole mobilities and robust charge transfer mechanisms. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1117/12.2264679 | Design And Optimization Of A Dispersive Unit Based On Cascaded Volume Phase Holographic Gratings | We describe a dispersive unit consisting of cascaded volume-phase holographic gratings for spectroscopic applications. Each of the gratings provides high diffractive efficiency in a relatively narrow wavelength range and transmits the rest of the radiation to the 0 th order of diffraction. The spectral lines formed by different gratings are centered in the longitudal direction and separated in the transverse direction due to tilt of the gratings around two axes. We consider a technique of design and optimization of such a scheme. It allows to define modulation of index of refraction and thickness of the holographic layer for each of the gratings as well as their fringes frequencies and inclination angles. At the first stage the gratings parameters are found approximately using analytical expressions of Kogelnik’s coupled wave theory. Then each of the grating starting from the longwave sub-range is optimized separately by using of numerical optimization procedure and rigorous coupled wave analysis to achieve a high diffraction efficiency profile with a steep shortwave edge. In parallel such targets as ray aiming and linear dispersion maintenance are controlled by means of ray tracing. We demonstrate this technique on example of a small-sized spectrograph for astronomical applications. It works in the range of 500-650 nm and uses three gratings covering 50 nm each. It has spectral resolution of 6130-12548. Obtaining of the asymmetrical efficiency curve is shown with use of dichromated gelatin and a photopolymer. Change of the curve shape allows to increase filling coefficient for the target sub-range up to 2. 3 times. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
741966 | Tissue regeneration and aging: the decisive quiescent stem-cell state | The basic mechanisms of stem cell malfunction during aging are poorly understood even though they underlie the regenerative decline of most organs and tissues as we age. Based on our recent contributions (Nature 2014, Nature 2016), the fields of tissue regeneration and aging converge on the key role of the quiescent state, the preferred state of stem cells in low turnover tissues such as skeletal muscle. Our unifying hypothesis is that stem-cell quiescence maintenance, which requires active proteostasis (protein homeostasis), lies at the basis of stemness, and that its substitution by a senescence state in aging impairs regeneration. How these variables connect to drive stem cell aging is not known. Crucial experimental systems in this proposal are sensitive reporter mice for proteostasis, senescence and quiescence/fate in aging muscle stem cells. The project is divided as follows: Objective 1. Proteostasis and stem cell quiescence maintenance: tracing proteostasis in quiescent stem cells from autophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) reporter mice during aging / impact of autophagy/CMA loss on quiescence and regeneration / molecular regulators of proteostasis. Objective 2. Proteostasis and quiescent stem cell heterogeneity and fate: asymmetric segregation of proteotoxic waste as an instructor of stem cell heterogeneity and regenerative fate. Objective 3. The quiescence-to-senescence-switch in aging muscle stem cells: tracing and isolating senescent stem cells in senescence-cell reporter mice during aging / impact of senescent cell ablation on regenerating aged muscle. Objective 4. Circadian regulation in the quiescent stem-cell state: impact of aging on circadian rhythms and consequences for quiescence maintenance and regeneration. We expect that completion of these objectives will provide new fundamental knowledge on stem-cell biology, regeneration and aging. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1088/2041-8205/754/1/L14 | Dissecting The Stellar Mass Sfr Correlation In Z 1 Star Forming Disk Galaxies | Using a mass-limited sample of 24um-detected, star-forming galaxies at 0. 5<z<1. 3, we study the mass-star formation rate (SFR) correlation and its tightness. The correlation is well defined (sigma=0. 28dex) for disk galaxies (n_sersic<1. 5), while more bulge-dominated objects often have lower specific SFRs. For disk galaxies, a much tighter correlation (sigma=0. 19dex) is obtained if the rest-frame H-band luminosity is used instead of stellar mass derived from multicolor photometry. The specific SFR (sSFR) correlates strongly with rest-frame optical colors (hence luminosity-weighted stellar age) and also with clumpiness (which likely reflects the molecular gas fraction). This implies that most of the observed scatter is real, despite its low level, and not dominated by random measurement errors. After correcting for these differential effects a remarkably small dispersion remains (sigma=0. 14dex), suggesting that measurement errors in mass or SFR are ~0. 10dex, excluding systematic uncertainties. Measurement errors in stellar masses, the thickening of the correlation due to real sSFR variations, and varying completeness with stellar mass, can spuriously bias the derived slope to lower values due to the finite range over which observables (mass and SFR) are available. When accounting for these effects, the intrinsic slope for the main sequence for disk galaxies gets closer to unity. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
185527 | A global approach to paid domestic work and social inequalities | How does globalisation impact the construction of social inequality? DomEQUAL tackles this question through a study on paid domestic work (PDW). Of the 52.6 million PDWs in the world today, 43 million are women and 7 million are children. The multidimensional transformations brought about by globalisation with the intensification of international migration, the urbanisation of rural and indigenous populations, and changes in household organisation and welfare regimes have a massive impact on PDWs at the global level.
New research possibilities are open since PDW has become an object of global governance. The ILO Convention 189 is the most evident sign of this. For researchers, this has the important effect of making new data and tools for analysis available. DomEQUAL profits from this opportunity to provide a global comparison of PDWs’ social positions, especially in the socio-economic and legal fields. It also provides the opportunity to experiment an ‘intersectionality’ approach to PDW on a large scale. Finally, it analyses which type of global/local actor is more effective in improving the legal framework for PDWs. In so doing, it aims at a theoretical and methodological contribution that goes beyond PDW and addresses the construction of social inequalities within globalisation more generally.
This is done through a diachronic comparison (1950s-now) of the changing situation of PDWs in the following countries: Spain, Italy and Germany in Europe; Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil in South America; and India, the Philippines and Taiwan in Asia. These nine countries are interesting cases for comparison because of their different positions within the process of globalisation, the specificities of their socio-cultural contexts, and also because they have all experienced mobilisations for PDWs’ rights. The project will be carried out by the PI and two senior post-doc researchers based in Italy, with the support of nine experts in the selected countries. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-00066-0_20 | Finding Person Relations In Image Data Of News Collections In The Internet Archive | The amount of multimedia content in the World Wide Web is rapidly growing and contains valuable information for many applications in different domains. The Internet Archive initiative has gathered billions of time-versioned web pages since the mid-nineties. However, the huge amount of data is rarely labeled with appropriate metadata and automatic approaches are required to enable semantic search. Normally, the textual content of the Internet Archive is used to extract entities and their possible relations across domains such as politics and entertainment, whereas image and video content is usually disregarded. In this paper, we introduce a system for person recognition in image content of web news stored in the Internet Archive. Thus, the system complements entity recognition in text and allows researchers and analysts to track media coverage and relations of persons more precisely. Based on a deep learning face recognition approach, we suggest a system that detects persons of interest and gathers sample material, which is subsequently used to identify them in the image data of the Internet Archive. We evaluate the performance of the face recognition system on an appropriate standard benchmark dataset and demonstrate the feasibility of the approach with two use cases. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
678215 | Differential Higgs distributions as a unique window to New Physics at the LHC | In 2012, the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN announced a ground-breaking discovery: both experiments observed a new particle. Subsequent measurements confirmed it to be a Higgs boson. In the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, which describes the known elementary particles and their interactions, as well as in many extensions of the SM, the Higgs boson is fundamentally linked to the question of how elementary particles acquire mass. A thorough program of measurements is necessary to determine if this particle has indeed the properties of a Higgs boson as predicted by the SM or one of its extensions, and to gain a complete understanding of the mass generation for elementary particles. Studies of the Higgs sector now open a unique window to the discovery of New Physics.
The aim of the presented project is to perform a detailed analysis of the Higgs differential distributions measured in Higgs decays to diphotons and to four leptons, using the data collected by the ATLAS experiment between 2015 and 2021. These distributions are sensitive to effects from New Physics and will be confronted with precise theoretical predictions. In this way, the indirect extraction of Higgs couplings and the search for effects from new heavy particles can lead to a discovery of New Physics.
The detailed analysis of differential distributions goes substantially beyond the standard analyses based on measured event counts. A dedicated program is needed to achieve these goals. With an ERC Starting Grant, I will assemble a team to make decisive contributions to these challenging measurements and build a unique research program. As a former leader of the ATLAS Higgs-to-diphoton physics group and current leader of the electron and photon reconstruction group I am in an ideal position to establish a strong research team. This team will build on the important contributions to the Higgs boson discovery and property studies made by my Young Investigators Group. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1111/jcpp.13171 | Effects of a scalable home-visiting intervention on child development in slums of urban India: evidence from a randomised controlled trial | Background: An estimated 63. 4 million Indian children under 5 years are at risk of poor development. Home visits that use a structured curriculum to help caregivers enhance the quality of the home stimulation environment improve developmental outcomes. However, achieving effectiveness in poor urban contexts through scalable models remains challenging. Methods: Using a cluster randomised controlled trial, we evaluated a psychosocial stimulation intervention, comprising weekly home visits for 18 months, in urban slums of Cuttack, Odisha, India. The intervention is complementary to existing early childhood services in India and was run and managed through a local branch of a national NGO. The study ran from August 2013 to July 2015. We enrolled 421 children aged 10–20 months from 54 slums. Slums were randomised to intervention or control. Primary outcomes were children's cognitive, receptive language, expressive language and fine motor development assessed using the Bayley-III. Prespecified intent-to-treat analysis investigated impacts and heterogeneity by gender. Trial registrations: ISRCTN89476603, AEARCTR-0000169. Results: Endline data for 378 (89. 8%) children were analysed. Attrition was balanced between groups. We found improvements of 0. 349 of a standard deviation (SD; p =. 005, stepdown p =. 017) to cognition while impacts on receptive language, expressive language and fine motor development were, respectively, 0. 224 SD (p =. 099, stepdown p =. 184), 0. 192 SD (p =. 085, stepdown p =. 184) and 0. 111 (p =. 385, stepdown p =. 385). A child development factor improved by 0. 301 SD (p =. 032). Benefits were larger for boys. The quality of the home stimulation environment also improved. Conclusions: This study shows that a potentially scalable home-visiting intervention is effective in poor urban areas. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002316 | Histone deacetylase 8 is required for centrosome cohesion and influenza a virus entry | Influenza A virus (IAV) enters host cells by endocytosis followed by acid-activated penetration from late endosomes (LEs). Using siRNA silencing, we found that histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a cytoplasmic enzyme, efficiently promoted productive entry of IAV into tissue culture cells, whereas HDAC1 suppressed it. HDAC8 enhanced endocytosis, acidification, and penetration of the incoming virus. In contrast, HDAC1 inhibited acidification and penetration. The effects were connected with dramatic alterations in the organization of the microtubule system, and, as a consequence, a change in the behavior of LEs and lysosomes (LYs). Depletion of HDAC8 caused loss of centrosome-associated microtubules and loss of directed centripetal movement of LEs, dispersing LE/LYs to the cell periphery. For HDAC1, the picture was the opposite. To explain these changes, centrosome cohesion emerged as the critical factor. Depletion of HDAC8 caused centrosome splitting, which could also be induced by depleting a centriole-linker protein, rootletin. In both cases, IAV infection was inhibited. HDAC1 depletion reduced the splitting of centrosomes, and enhanced infection. The longer the distance between centrosomes, the lower the level of infection. HDAC8 depletion was also found to inhibit infection of Uukuniemi virus (a bunyavirus) suggesting common requirements among late penetrating enveloped viruses. The results established class I HDACs as powerful regulators of microtubule organization, centrosome function, endosome maturation, and infection by IAV and other late penetrating viruses. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-476-03720-6_10 | Anton Ulrich Herzog Von Braunschweig Luneburg | »Wann nun«, schreibt Sigmund von Birken, der Nurnberger Poet und Redakteur von A. U. s Aramena (1669–1673), uber den hofischen Roman, »dergleichen Bucher / der Adel mit nutzen liset / warum solte er sie nit auch mit ruhm schreiben konnen: Und wer soll sie auch basser fur den Adel schreiben / als eine person / die den Adel beides im geblut und im gemute traget?« Der damit angesprochene A. U. war der zweite Sohn Herzog Augusts des Jungeren, der Wolfenbuttel zu einem kulturellen Mittelpunkt machte und seinen Kindern eine anspruchsvolle Erziehung angedeihen lies (verantwortlich dafur war der Grammatiker Justus Georg Schottelius). An deren Ende stand die Kavalierstour, die A. U. von 1655 bis 1656 uber Strasburg nach Paris fuhrte, wo er sich — standig in Geldnoten — bemuhte, sein Herzogtum wurdig zu vertreten: »Es gehet mir ietz gar zu elend, da ich etliche wochen ohne geld hie leben mussen, und noch von einem neuen wexel weder hore noch sehe«, klagt er Ende 1655. Doch fehlt es nicht an literarischen Anregungen. Er lernt Madeleine de Scudery kennen, die beruhmte Romanschriftstellerin, und besucht haufig das Theater. Nach der Ruckkehr schreibt er anlaslich seiner Hochzeit sein erstes Buhnenwerk, das Fruhlings-Ballet. 1659 wird er als »der Siegprangende« Mitglied der »Fruchtbringenden Gesellschaft«. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
W1991116949 | Development of a Recovery Manual for Suicidal Patients with Schizophrenia: Consumer Feedback | A recovery-oriented manual was developed for patients with schizophrenia and suicidality. It included psychoeducational information, vignettes, "workbook" sections and was reviewed by experts in suicidology, recovery, patient education, manual development and psychosocial interventions. The revised version was tested in 22 consumers with schizophrenia and a history of suicidality. Consumer-based focus groups yielded five key themes which were used to further refine the manual. A satisfaction survey indicated that 85% stated the manual was 'somewhat easy', 'easy' or 'very easy to read.' All stated it was 'very useful', 'useful' or 'somewhat useful. Thus, the manual appears to be acceptable and useful. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000695 | Hiv Is Like A Tsotsi Arvs Are Your Guns Associations Between Hiv Disclosure And Adherence To Antiretroviral Treatment Among Adolescents In South Africa | OBJECTIVES: WHO guidelines recommend disclosure to HIV-positive children by school age in order to improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. However quantitative evidence remains limited for adolescents. This study examines associations between adolescent knowledge of HIV-positive status and ART-adherence in South Africa. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of the largest known community-traced sample of HIV-positive adolescents. Six hundred and eighty-four ART-initiated adolescents aged 10-19 years (52% female 79% perinatally infected) were interviewed. METHODS: In a low-resource health district all adolescents who had ever initiated ART in a stratified sample of 39 health facilities were identified and traced to 150 communities [n = 1102 351 excluded 27 deceased 40 (5. 5%) refusals]. Quantitative interviews used standardized questionnaires and clinic records. Quantitative analyses used multivariate logistic regressions and qualitative analyses used grounded theory for 18 months of interviews focus groups and participant observations with 64 adolescents caregivers and healthcare workers. RESULTS: About 36% of adolescents reported past-week ART nonadherence and 70% of adolescents knew their status. Adherence was associated with fewer opportunistic infection symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 0. 55; 95% CI 0. 40-0. 76]. Adolescent knowledge of HIV-positive status was associated with higher adherence independently of all cofactors (OR 2. 18; 95% CI 1. 47-3. 24). Among perinatally infected adolescents who knew their status (n = 362/540) disclosure prior to age 12 was associated with higher adherence (OR 2. 65; 95% CI 1. 34-5. 22). Qualitative findings suggested that disclosure was undertaken sensitively in clinical and family settings but that adults lacked awareness about adolescent understandings of HIV status. CONCLUSION: Early and full disclosure is strongly associated with improved adherence amongst ART-initiated adolescents. Disclosure may be an essential tool in improving adolescent adherence and reducing mortality and onwards transmission. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.