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10.1007/978-1-4939-2760-9_8 | Engineering The Pichia Pastoris N Glycosylation Pathway Using The Glycoswitch Technology | Pichia pastoris is an important host for recombinant protein production. As a protein production platform, further development for therapeutic glycoproteins has been hindered by the high-mannose-type N-glycosylation common to yeast and fungi. Such N-glycans can complicate downstream processing, might be immunogenic or cause the rapid clearance of the glycoprotein from circulation. In recent years, much effort has gone to engineering the N-glycosylation pathway of Pichia pastoris to mimic the human N-glycosylation pathway. This can be of pivotal importance to generate the appropriate glycoforms of therapeutically relevant glycoproteins or to gain a better understanding of structure-function relationships. This chapter describes the methodology to create such glyco-engineered Pichia pastoris strains using the GlycoSwitch(®). This strategy consists of the disruption of an endogenous glycosyltransferase and the heterologous expression of a glycosidase or glycosyltransferase targeted to the Endoplasmic Reticulum or the Golgi of the host. For each step in the process, we describe the transformation procedure, small-scale screening and we also describe how to perform DNA-Sequencer-Aided Fluorophore-Assisted Capillary Electrophoresis (DSA-FACE) to select for clones with the appropriate N-glycosylation profile. The steps described in this chapter can be followed in an iterative fashion in order to generate clones of Pichia pastoris expressing heterologous proteins with humanized N-glycans. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W3104554239 | Superradiance of a global monopole in Reissner–Nordström(–AdS) space-time | In this article, the behaviour of a charged and massive scalar field around a global monopole swallowed by a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m-Anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black hole is investigated by considering the Klein-Gordon equation in this geometry. The superradiance phenomenon and instability behaviour of the black hole against charged scalar perturbations are studied for both an RN-AdS case and also for an RN black hole surrounded by a reflective mirror, i.e., the black hole bomb case. The effects of the monopole on these cases are discussed analytically and also with the help of several graphs in detail. The monopole charge affects the superradiance threshold frequency and also effects the instability time scale for both cases. The existence of global monopole makes these black holes more stable against superradiance instability. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1177/0748730417724250 | Light Dominates Peripheral Circadian Oscillations In Drosophila Melanogaster During Sensory Conflict | In Drosophila, as in other animals, the circadian clock is a singular entity in name and concept only. In reality, clock functions emerge from multiple processes and anatomical substrates. One distinction has conventionally been made between a central clock (in the brain) and peripheral clocks (e. g. , in the gut and the eyes). Both types of clock generate robust circadian oscillations, which do not require external input. Furthermore, the phases of these oscillations remain exquisitely sensitive to specific environmental cues, such as the daily changes of light and temperature. When these cues conflict with one another, the central clock displays complex forms of sensory integration; how peripheral clocks respond to conflicting input is unclear. We therefore explored the effects of light and temperature misalignments on peripheral clocks. We show that under conflict, peripheral clocks preferentially synchronize to the light stimulus. This photic dominance requires the presence of the circadian photoreceptor, Cryptochrome. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W1982113263 | The correlation timescale of the X-ray flux during the outbursts of soft X-ray transients | Recent studies of black hole and neutron star low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) show a positive correlation between the X-ray flux at which the low/hard(LH)-to-high/soft(HS) state transition occurs and the peak flux of the following HS state. By analyzing the data from the All Sky Monitor (ASM) onboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), we show that the HS state flux after the source reaches its HS flux peak still correlates with the transition flux during soft X-ray transient (SXT) outbursts. By studying large outbursts or flares of GX 339-4, Aql X-1 and 4U 1705-44, we have found that the correlation holds up to 250, 40, and 50 d after the LH-to-HS state transition, respectively. These time scales correspond to the viscous time scale in a standard accretion disk around a stellar mass black hole or a neutron star at a radius of ~104-5 Rg, indicating that the mass accretion rates in the accretion flow either correlate over a large range of radii at a given time or correlate over a long period of time at a given radius. If the accretion geometry is a two-flow geometry composed of a sub-Keplerian inflow or outflow and a disk flow in the LH state, the disk flow with a radius up to ~105 Rg would have contributed to the nearly instantaneous non-thermal radiation directly or indirectly, and therefore affects the time when the state transition occurs. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1088/1367-2630/18/7/073014 | Equilibration Of Quantum Gases | Finding equilibration times is a major unsolved problem in physics with few analytical results. Here we look at equilibration times for quantum gases of bosons and fermions in the regime of negligibly weak interactions, a setting which not only includes paradigmatic systems such as gases confined to boxes, but also Luttinger liquids and the free superfluid Hubbard model. To do this, we focus on two classes of measurements: (i) coarse-grained observables, such as the number of particles in a region of space, and (ii) few-mode measurements, such as phase correlators. We show that, in this setting, equilibration occurs quite generally despite the fact that the particles are not interacting. Furthermore, for coarse-grained measurements the timescale is generally at most polynomial in the number of particles N, which is much faster than previous general upper bounds, which were exponential in N. For local measurements on lattice systems, the timescale is typically linear in the number of lattice sites. In fact, for one-dimensional lattices, the scaling is generally linear in the length of the lattice, which is optimal. Additionally, we look at a few specific examples, one of which consists of N fermions initially confined on one side of a partition in a box. The partition is removed and the fermions equilibrate extremely quickly in time . | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-66787-4_19 | Fast Leakage Assessment | We describe a fast technique for performing the computationally heavy part of leakage assessment, in any statistical moment (or other property) of the leakage samples distributions. The proposed technique outperforms by orders of magnitude the approach presented at CHES 2015 by Schneider and Moradi. We can carry out evaluations that before took 90 CPU-days in 4 CPU-hours (about a 500-fold speed-up). As a bonus, we can work with exact arithmetic, we can apply kernel-based density estimation methods, we can employ arbitrary pre-processing functions such as absolute value to power traces, and we can perform information-theoretic leakage assessment. Our trick is simple and elegant, and lends itself to an easy and compact implementation. We fit a prototype implementation in about 130 lines of C code. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/ICASSP.2019.8683773 | A Learning Based Depth Estimation Framework For 4D Densely And Sparsely Sampled Light Fields | This paper proposes a learning based solution to disparity (depth) estimation for either densely or sparsely sampled light fields. Disparity between stereo pairs among a sparse subset of anchor views is first estimated by a fine-tuned FlowNet 2. 0 network adapted to disparity prediction task. These coarse estimates are fused by exploiting the photo-consistency warping error, and refined by a Multi-view Stereo Refinement Network (MSRNet). The propagation of disparity from anchor viewpoints towards other viewpoints is performed by an occlusion-aware soft 3D reconstruction method. The experiments show that, both for dense and sparse light fields, our algorithm outperforms significantly the state-of-the-art algorithms, especially for subpixel accuracy. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1142/S0129065710002401 | The Role Of Dopamine In The Maintenance Of Working Memory In Prefrontal Cortex Neurons Input Driven Versus Internally Driven Networks | How do organisms select and organize relevant sensory input in working memory (WM) in order to deal with constantly changing environmental cues? Once information has been stored in WM, how is it protected from and altered by the continuous stream of sensory input and internally generated planning? The present study proposes a novel role for dopamine (DA) in the maintenance of WM in the prefrontal cortex (Pfc) neurons that begins to address these issues. In particular, DA mediates the alternation of the Pfc network between input-driven and internally-driven states, which in turn drives WM updates and storage. A biologically inspired neural network model of Pfc is formulated to provide a link between the mechanisms of state switching and the biophysical properties of Pfc neurons. This model belongs to the recurrent competitive fields(33) class of dynamical systems which have been extensively mathematically characterized and exhibit the two functional states of interest: input-driven and internally-driven. This hypothesis was tested with two working memory tasks of increasing difficulty: a simple working memory task and a delayed alternation task. The results suggest that optimal WM storage in spite of noise is achieved with a phasic DA input followed by a lower DA sustained activity. Hypo and hyper-dopaminergic activity that alter this ideal pattern lead to increased distractibility from non-relevant pattern and prolonged perseverations on presented patterns, respectively. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1093/gbe/evs117 | Genomes of stigonematalean cyanobacteria (subsection V) and the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis from prokaryotes to plastids | Cyanobacteria forged twomajor evolutionary transitions with the invention of oxygenic photosynthesis and the bestowal of photosynthetic lifestyle upon eukaryotes through endosymbiosis. Information germane to understanding those transitions is imprinted in cyanobacterial genomes, but deciphering it is complicated by lateral gene transfer (LGT). Here, we report genome sequences for the morphologically most complex true-branching cyanobacteria, and for Scytonema hofmanni PCC 7110,which with 12,356 proteins is themost gene-rich prokaryote currently known. Weinvestigated components of cyanobacterial evolution that have been vertically inherited, horizontally transferred, and donated to eukaryotes at plastid origin. The vertical component indicates a freshwater origin for water-splitting photosynthesis. Networks of the horizontal componentreveal that60%of cyanobacterial gene families havebeen affected by LGT. Plant nuclear genes acquired from cyanobacteria define a lower bound frequency of 611 multigene families that, in turn, specify diazotrophic cyanobacterial lineages as having a gene collectionmost similar to that possessed by the plastid ancestor. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W1991528069 | Predicting the restricted mean event time with the subject's baseline covariates in survival analysis | For designing, monitoring, and analyzing a longitudinal study with an event time as the outcome variable, the restricted mean event time (RMET) is an easily interpretable, clinically meaningful summary of the survival function in the presence of censoring. The RMET is the average of all potential event times measured up to a time point τ and can be estimated consistently by the area under the Kaplan-Meier curve over $[0, \tau ]$. In this paper, we study a class of regression models, which directly relates the RMET to its "baseline" covariates for predicting the future subjects' RMETs. Since the standard Cox and the accelerated failure time models can also be used for estimating such RMETs, we utilize a cross-validation procedure to select the "best" among all the working models considered in the model building and evaluation process. Lastly, we draw inferences for the predicted RMETs to assess the performance of the final selected model using an independent data set or a "hold-out" sample from the original data set. All the proposals are illustrated with the data from the an HIV clinical trial conducted by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group and the primary biliary cirrhosis study conducted by the Mayo Clinic. | [
"Mathematics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1080/17415977.2015.1047365 | Sparsity Prior For Electrical Impedance Tomography With Partial Data | This paper focuses on prior information for improved sparsity reconstruction in electrical impedance tomography with partial data, i. e. data measured only on subsets of the boundary. Sparsity is enforced using an $\ell_1$ norm of the basis coefficients as the penalty term in a Tikhonov functional, and prior information is incorporated by applying a spatially distributed regularization parameter. The resulting optimization problem allows great flexibility with respect to the choice of measurement boundaries and incorporation of prior knowledge. The problem is solved using a generalized conditional gradient method applying soft thresholding. Numerical examples show that the addition of prior information in the proposed algorithm gives vastly improved reconstructions even for the partial data problem. The method is in addition compared to a total variation approach. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-33137-4_4 | Mapping Electron Transport Pathways In Complex Systems | As system complexity increases, in either biological or synthetic molecules, an understanding of structure-function relationships makes it possible to identify the essential functional units controlling physical properties from what may be a vast sea of spectator components. Until recently, the range of theoretical tools that have been implemented for elucidating structure-function relationships in molecular electron transport have been limited, and consequently, the ability to build chemical intuition for the behaviour of complex systems has also been limited. Here we present our efforts developing a local description of molecular electron transport, which has allowed us to map the interactions in a molecule that mediate the tunnelling current in a range of chemically interesting molecules. With this description of the local transport, we can understand the behaviour of a complex, fluctuating system as a force is applied that induces conformational change. We can isolate the interactions in the molecule responsible for high or low currents and can use this information to refine the system design. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1172/JCI66343 | Rsk3 4 Mediate Resistance To Pi3K Pathway Inhibitors In Breast Cancer | The PI3K signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, and metabolism, and is aberrantly activated in human cancer. As such, numerous compounds targeting the PI3K pathway are currently being clinically evaluated for the treatment of cancer, and several have shown some early indications of efficacy in breast cancer. However, resistance against these agents, both de novo and acquired, may ultimately limit the efficacy of these compounds. Here, we have taken a systematic functional approach to uncovering potential mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibitors and have identified several genes whose expression promotes survival under conditions of PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) blockade, including the ribosomal S6 kinases RPS6KA2 (RSK3) and RPS6KA6 (RSK4). We demonstrate that overexpression of RSK3 or RSK4 supports proliferation upon PI3K inhibition both in vitro and in vivo, in part through the attenuation of the apoptotic response and upregulation of protein translation. Notably, the addition of MEK- or RSK-specific inhibitors can overcome these resistance phenotypes, both in breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models with elevated levels of RSK activity. These observations provide a strong rationale for the combined use of RSK and PI3K pathway inhibitors to elicit favorable responses in breast cancer patients with activated RSK. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1109/TIT.2016.2622058 | Strong Secrecy For Cooperative Broadcast Channels | A broadcast channel (BC) where the decoders cooperate via a one-sided link is considered. One common and two private messages are transmitted and the private message to the cooperative user should be kept secret from the cooperation-aided user. The secrecy level is measured in terms of strong secrecy, i. e. , a vanishing information leakage. An inner bound on the capacity region is derived by using a channel-resolvability-based code that double-bins the codebook of the secret message, and by using a likelihood encoder to choose the transmitted codeword. The inner bound is shown to be tight for semi-deterministic and physically degraded BCs, and the results are compared with those of the corresponding BCs without a secrecy constraint. Blackwell and Gaussian BC examples illustrate the impact of secrecy on the rate regions. Unlike the case without secrecy, where sharing information about both private messages via the cooperative link is optimal, our protocol conveys parts of the common and non-confidential messages only. This restriction reduces the transmission rates more than the usual rate loss due to secrecy requirements. An example that illustrates this loss is provided. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.86.085125 | Large magnetic anisotropy of Fe <inf>2</inf>P investigated via ab initio density functional theory calculations | We present an investigation of the large magnetic anisotropy of Fe 2P, based on ab initio density functional theory calculations, with a full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital basis. We obtain a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of 664 μeV/f. u. , which is in decent agreement with experimental observations. Based on a band structure analysis the microscopic origin of the large magnetic anisotropy is explained. We also show that by straining the crystal structure, the MAE can be enhanced further. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2464293128 | Identification of multi-attribute functional urban areas under a perspective of community detection: A case study | Abstract Identifying functional urban areas is a significant research of considerable interest in many important fields such as city planning and facility location problem. Traditionally, we identify the function of urban areas from the macro-level perspective. With the availability of human digital footprints, investigation of functional urban areas from a micro-level perspective becomes possible. In this paper, we identified the functional urban areas of a metropolitan city in China by some metrics of community detection based on the social network of mobile phone users. The result shows that there are close relations between urban area and individual communication network, which can help us identify the function of areas more conveniently. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
638909 | Picturing modernist future: women illustrators and childhood conceptions in socialist yugoslavia | The SOC-ILL action introduces the first systematic comparative interdisciplinary investigation into women illustrators in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY, 1945–1991), paying attention to all former Yugoslav contexts and combining art and literary historical and theoretical approaches with cultural studies for novel critical insights into socialist aesthetic education and subjectivation of children, especially in relation to gender. Through the examination of multiple archives and interviews with older generations of professionals working within the feminized sector of publishing for minors, the action works against their disappearance before any academic documentation can take place. The action entails 3 main objectives: (i) To explore and contextually interpret distinctive childhood- and gender conceptions within Yugoslav publishing for minors; (ii) To map the practice of women illustrators for minors at the intersection between local, regional and international artistic and aesthetic education movements; (iii) To intervene into academic “archiving” by supporting a more complex understanding of socialist modernist aesthetic education and subjectivation. Thus the action contributes to redefinition of the relation between communicative and cultural memory of the European socialist past in the broader fields of Yugoslav, Slavonic, and socialist studies and the disciplines of art, literary and cultural history. These objectives can only be achieved in the proposed collaboration, with my cross-sectorally situated research – my expertise on (post)socialist women’s authorship, i.e. a pioneering thesis on gender, war, and memory and a variety of international scientific and art events – and the beneficiary’s distinctive expertise within the emerging (post)Yugoslav studies. This unique transfer will ensure a notable academic footprint, my full re-integration into science and foster impactful scientific cognizance within a broad range of stakeholders. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.33442 | Decoding the centromeric nucleosome through CENP-N | Centromere protein (CENP) A, a histone H3 variant, is a key epigenetic determinant of chromosome domains known as centromeres. Centromeres nucleate kinetochores, multi-subunit complexes that capture spindle microtubules to promote chromosome segregation during mitosis. Two kinetochore proteins, CENP-C and CENP-N, recognize CENP-A in the context of a rare CENP-A nucleosome. Here, we reveal the structural basis for the exquisite selectivity of CENP-N for centromeres. CENP-N uses charge and space complementarity to decode the L1 loop that is unique to CENP-A. It also engages in extensive interactions with a 15-base pair segment of the distorted nucleosomal DNA double helix, in a position predicted to exclude chromatin remodelling enzymes. Besides CENP-A, stable centromere recruitment of CENP-N requires a coincident interaction with a newly identified binding motif on nucleosome-bound CENP-C. Collectively, our studies clarify how CENP-N and CENP-C decode and stabilize the non-canonical CENP-A nucleosome to enforce epigenetic centromere specification and kinetochore assembly. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1126/science.1252884 | Composition of isolated synaptic boutons reveals the amounts of vesicle trafficking proteins | Synaptic vesicle recycling has long served as a model for the general mechanisms of cellular trafficking. We used an integrative approach, combining quantitative immunoblotting and mass spectrometry to determine protein numbers; electron microscopy to measure organelle numbers, sizes, and positions; and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to localize the proteins. Using these data, we generated a three-dimensional model of an "average" synapse, displaying 300,000 proteins in atomic detail. The copy numbers of proteins involved in the same step of synaptic vesicle recycling correlated closely. In contrast, copy numbers varied over more than three orders of magnitude between steps, from about 150 copies for the endosomal fusion proteins to more than 20,000 for the exocytotic ones. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
222499 | Computation of compound rotorcraft lateral rotor noise | The main objective of the CONCERTO project is to provide the topic leader (Airbus Helicopters) of the Clean Sky 2 IADP Fast Rotorcraft with a new computational tool enabling the noise modelling and prediction of lateral rotors installed on the future LifeRCraft demonstrator. This tool, enabling both fast prediction and high fidelity approaches, will include 3 modules: aerodynamics, free field acoustic and scattering effects. All three will be, implemented in a chaining process, based on a seamless workflow and software environment that will be created during the project. While aerodynamics module relies on PUMA code (Free Wake) as Fast aerodynamic solver and TAU code (CFD) as High fidelity solver, free field acoustic solver will use the KIM code (FW-H). KIM code will also be implemented for fast scattered acoustic prediction, while BEMUSE code (BEM) will be implemented for high fidelity scattered prediction. The overall tool will be validated and applied to a subset of the LifeRCraft flight domain. The project will be implemented through 6 WPs: WP1 Workflow definition and implementation; WP2 Aerodynamics module; WP3 Free-field acoustic module; WP4 Scattered field acoustic module; WP5 Validation; WP6 Project Management, dissemination and exploitation. CONCERTO consortium, ONERA and DLR, will deliver and install the necessary tools at the topic leader location including documentation, support and possible updates during the 3 years of the project. With a total budget of about € 635,000, the project will go beyond the state of the art (investigating unsteady flight cases, capturing quadripole noise sources, solving efficiently the multi-frequency problem of combined main rotor and lateral rotors, etc.), and will fully address user needs, contribute to the maturation and future commercialization of a new aircraft vehicle satisfying new mobility roles, thus contributing to the competitiveness of the European aeronautics sector. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
323842 | Comparative Pathways to Agriculture: the archaeobotany of parallel and divergent plant domestications across world regions | The ComPAg research program will produce the first global comparative synthesis of the convergent evolution of domesticated plants and early agricultural systems based primarily on empirical archaeobotanical data. We will produce ground-breaking data on the earliest crop packages across large parts of Eurasia and Africa, comparisons of the nature of early cultivation inferred from associated weed floras, quantified time series data on evolution of domestication traits for over 30 crops, including both primary and secondary domestications. This program will pursue primary archaeobotanical research in East and Southeast Asia, India, and parts of Africa, with synthesis of existing evidence from Southwest Asia and Europe. We aim to achieve a new framework for explaining the multiple routes from foraging to agriculture on a global scale. The origins of agriculture is widely regarded as the most significant ecological and economic change in the history of human populations, constituting the basis of a fundamental demographic transition towards higher and denser human populations. Plant cultivation is common to all instances of food production that supported sedentism, and thus the origins of crop agriculture is a core issue of socioeconomic evolution in long-term human history. This program will pursue cutting edge research to produce a new critical understanding of early agricultural transformations. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1112/plms.12059 | Proof of Komlós's conjecture on Hamiltonian subsets | Komlós conjectured in 1981 that among all graphs with minimum degree at least d, the complete graph Kd+1 minimises the number of Hamiltonian subsets, where a subset of vertices is Hamiltonian if it contains a spanning cycle. We prove this conjecture when d is sufficiently large. In fact we prove a stronger result: for large d, any graph G with average degree at least d contains almost twice as many Hamiltonian subsets as Kd+1, unless G is isomorphic to Kd+1 or a certain other graph which we specify. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.cois.2017.02.003 | The neurobiology of gustation in insect disease vectors: progress and potential | For insect vectors of human diseases, mealtimes are a key moment of infection. Understanding how and when such species decide on what to feed is both an interesting problem in sensory neurobiology and a source of information for intervention of these behaviors to control spread of infectious agents. Here I review the current knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of gustation in insect disease vectors, covering blood-feeders as well as scavengers that spread pathogens indirectly. I also consider how these behaviors are modulated over short and long timescales, and describe efforts to artificially modulate them. Though a relatively nascent field, gustatory neurobiology in insect vectors has much promise for future fundamental discoveries and practical applications. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
W158842800 | Does Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Polymorphism Play a Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Patients With Myocardial Infarction? | The aim of our study was to determine if the genotype of the matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) gene might carry the risk of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) in patients with myocardial infarction.A total of 499 patients with an acute myocardial infarction or with a history of myocardial infarction were enrolled into the study. They were subdivided into 2 groups: 273 patients with ARMD and 226 patients without ARMD. The control group comprised 560 persons from a random sample of the Lithuanian population. DNA was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to genotype polymorphism 5A/6A at a position -1171 of the MMP-3 gene promoter.Of the 499 patients with myocardial infarction, 47% had early-stage ARMD. The patients with ARMD were older than the patients in the group without ARMD (62.1±10.8 vs. 59.6±11.1, P<0.01). The analysis of MMP-3 gene polymorphism did not reveal any differences in the distribution of 5A/5A, 5A/6A, and 6A/6A genotypes between the ARMD group, non-ARMD group, and the control group (24.2%, 52.5%, and 23.3% in the ARMD group; 28.7%, 51.9%, and 19.4% in non-ARMD group; and 25.7%, 49.3% and 25.0%, in the control group, respectively).MMP-3 gene polymorphism had no predominant effect on the development of ARMD in patients with myocardial infarction. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1093/bioinformatics/bty539 | pyseer: A comprehensive tool for microbial pangenome-wide association studies | Summary: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in microbes have different challenges to GWAS in eukaryotes. These have been addressed by a number of different methods. pyseer brings these techniques together in one package tailored to microbial GWAS, allows greater flexibility of the input data used, and adds new methods to interpret the association results. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1109/MIC.2011.136 | A Framework For Integrating Exploring And Searching Location Based Web Data | This article presents the adaptation of a general search computing framework for exploratory search over Web data as suggested by the specificity of location-based data services. The result is a conceptual model of geographic entities, the spatial functions operating on them, and a special-purpose exploratory interface that lets users search combinations of georeferenced objects directly on a map. Such modifications help the general framework provide ranked extraction of relevant objects and their combinations, custom ranking functions, and cost-based access to location-based services. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
185454 | Photocloth: a framework to synthesize real-time photorealistic cloth animation from video input. | Computer Graphics is the area of computer science that studies methods for digitally synthesizing and animating visual content. Among all the potential contexts where computer graphics techniques can be used, cloth animation is a particularly interesting case since, in the real world, clothing is far more than just the physical objects that we wear; clothing is a key element to show someone’s expressiveness and motion, it even defines his or her identity.
However, cloth animation is a complex and extremely high-dimensional problem. To digitally synthesize cloth animation, a large number of properties that affect the way cloth behaves need to be estimated: textures, deformations, collisions, materials, illumination, etc.
Current approaches for cloth animation tried to overcome this challenging problem following two main trends: image-based methods use captured data to construct a low-dimensional model to digitally synthesize new animations, however they can only sample a small portion of the high-dimensional space of cloth and poses; the physics-based methods aim to simulate cloth only using mathematical equations that express physics laws, however, they are computationally expensive and have trouble replicating real-world behavior.
This fellowship will investigate a new model for cloth simulation that combines a physical-based method with image-based infomation to generate real-time believable cloth animation. The new model will use a multi-scale framework to handle the dynamic geometry and appearance at different levels of detail. The most salient dynamic geometric properties of the animation will be handled by a low-resolution representation of the cloth using a physics-based model, which reduces the high-dimensionality of the pose space to a lower-dimensional subspace. Mid- and fine-scale details such as shading, wrinkles and appearance will be incorporated by an image-based approach, using the input imagery to learn to predict those properties. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2468432378 | Quality of Public Finance and Economic Growth in the Czech Republic | Quality of public finances belongs to a key policy challenge as its improvement should lead to a long-term economic growth. The aim of the paper is to investigate if the key channels and tools used by the public finance (structure of revenue system, size of the government and composition of expenditure, level and sustainability of fiscal position) affect economic growth in the Czech Republic in the period 1995-2013. The empirical model is based on the methodology of Barro and Sala-i-Martin (2003) and the model of Mankiw et al. (1992) which is adapted to the framework of this study. The results of dynamic regressions suggest that economic growth is affected by public finance variables only partly and traditional sources of economic growth (human capital or openness) play bigger role. Provided evidence shows that total tax burden as well as the structure of revenue system (especially implicit tax rates on labour and consumption) should be primarily used as tools for maintain macroeconomic objectives. On the contrary, changes in size and composition of expenditure, balance and debt report not statistically significant impact. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1242/dmm.026716 | Genetic, physiological and comparative genomic studies of hypertension and insulin resistance in the spontaneously hypertensive rat | We previously mapped hypertension-related insulin resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) to rat chromosomes 4, 12 and 16 using adipocytes from F2 crosses between spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, and subsequently identified Cd36 as the gene underlying the chromosome 4 locus. The identity of the chromosome 12 and 16 genes remains unknown. To identify whole body phenotypes associated with the chromosome 12 and 16 linkage regions, we generated and characterised new congenic strains, with WKY donor segments introgressed onto an SHR genetic background, for the chromosome 12 and 16 linkage regions. We found a >50% increase in insulin sensitivity in both the chromosome 12 and 16 strains. Blood pressure and left ventricular weight were reduced in the two congenic strains consistent with the congenic segments harboring SHR genes for insulin resistance, hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Integrated genomic analysis, using physiological and whole genome sequence data across 42 rat strains, identified variants within the congenic regions in Upk3bl, RGD1565131 and AABR06087018. 1 that were associated with blood pressure, cardiac mass and insulin sensitivity. Quantitative trait transcript analysis across 29 recombinant inbred strains showed correlation between expression of Hspb1, Zkscan5 and Pdgfrl respectively with adipocyte volume, systolic blood pressure and cardiac mass. Comparative genome analysis showed marked enrichment of orthologues for human GWAS-associated genes for insulin resistance within the syntenic regions of both the chromosome 12 and 16 congenic intervals. Our study defines whole body phenotypes associated with the SHR chromosome 12 and 16 insulin resistance QTLs, identifies candidate genes for these SHR QTLs and finds human orthologues of rat genes in these regions that associate with related human traits. Further study of these genes in the congenic strains will lead to robust identification of the underlying genes and cellular mechanisms. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1002/hep.27440 | Clinical course of infection and viral tissue tropism of hepatitis C virus-like nonprimate hepaciviruses in horses | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a very narrow species and tissue tropism and efficiently replicates only in humans and the chimpanzee. Recently, several studies identified close relatives to HCV in different animal species. Among these novel viruses, the nonprimate hepaciviruses (NPHV) that infect horses are the closest relatives of HCV described to date. In this study, we analyzed the NPHV prevalence in northern Germany and characterized the clinical course of infection and viral tissue tropism to explore the relevance of HCV-related horse viruses as a model for HCV infection. We found that approximately 31. 4% of 433 horses were seropositive for antibodies (Abs) against NPHV and approximately 2. 5% carried viral RNA. Liver function analyses revealed no indication for hepatic impairment in 7 of 11 horses. However, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations were mildly elevated in 3 horses, and 1 horse displayed even highly elevated GGT levels. Furthermore, we observed that NPHV infection could be cleared in individual horses with a simultaneous emergence of nonstructural (NS)3-specific Abs and transient elevation of serum levels of liver-specific enzymes indicative for a hepatic inflammation. In other individual horses, chronic infections could be observed with the copresence of viral RNA and NS3-specific Abs for over 6 months. For the determination of viral tissue tropism, we analyzed different organs and tissues of 1 NPHV-positive horse using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent in situ hydridization and detected NPHV RNA mainly in the liver and at lower amounts in other organs. Conclusion: Similar to HCV infections in humans, this work demonstrates acute and chronic stages of NPHV infection in horses with viral RNA detectable predominantly within the liver. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W2015288693 | Molecular identification and prevalence of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex amongst people living with HIV in Osun state, Nigeria. | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has created a special niche for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in humans as a result of the defect/reduction in cell mediated immunity. M. tuberculosis still responsible for most cases of death due to infectious diseases after HIV. In this study, prevalence of M. tuberculosis was determined in people living with HIV in Osun state of Nigeria with identification of culture positive isolates by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 160 samples were collected from people living with HIV with mean age of 36.8 years old of age (Median -34; age range 16 – 68; 95% confidence interval – 2.49) after seeking ethical approval from the Ministry of Health, Osun State. The result of the microscopy by ZN stain showed that 40 (25%) of the 160 samples were positive for acid fast bacilli while culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium revealed that 30 (18.75%) of the samples processed, grew organism that conformed to the characteristics of M. tuberculosis complex. Polymerase chain reaction for IS6110 was used to confirm the identity of the colonies on LJ slope as M. tuberculosis complex while the PCR for 260 bp of Rv1255c was used in identifying M. tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis represented 92% of the M. tuberculosis complex. The prevalence of M. tuberculosis among people living with HIV was found to be 15% after PCR identification. The effects of socio-demographic factors on the prevalence of TB were analysed. Occupation was found to be associated with the proportional distribution of TB in people living with HIV (X2 = 14.85; p Key words: Molecular identification, Polymerase chain reaction, M ycobacterium tuberculosis complex; Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Prevalence, HIV, Nigeria | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1111/1365-2435.12925 | Tropical Forest Restoration Fast Resilience Of Plant Biomass Contrasts With Slow Recovery Of Stable Soil C Stocks | 1. Due to intensifying human disturbance, over half of the world's tropical forests are reforested or afforested secondary forests or plantations. Understanding the resilience of carbon (C) stocks in these forests, and estimating the extent to which they can provide equivalent carbon (C) sequestration and stabilization to the old growth forest they replace, is critical for the global C balance. 2. In this study, we combined estimates of biomass C stocks with a detailed assessment of soil C pools in bare land, Eucalyptus plantation, secondary forest and natural old-growth forest after over 50 years of forest restoration in a degraded tropical region of South China. We used isotope studies, density fractionation and physical fractionation to determine the age and stability of soil C pools at different soil depths. 3. After 52 years, the secondary forests had equivalent biomass C stocks to natural forest, whereas soil C stocks were still much higher in natural forest (97. 42 t/ha) than in secondary forest (58. 75 t/ha) or Eucalyptus plantation (38. 99 t/ha) and lowest in bare land (19. 9 t/ha). Analysis of δ13C values revealed that most of the C in the soil surface horizons in the secondary forest was new C, with a limited increase of more recalcitrant old C, and limited accumulation of C in deeper soil horizons. However, occlusion of C in microaggregates in the surface soil layer was similar across forested sites, which suggests that there is great potential for additional soil C sequestration and stabilization in the secondary forest and Eucalyptus plantation. 4. Collectively, our results demonstrate that reforestation on degraded tropical land can restore biomass C and surface soil C stocks within a few decades, but much longer recovery times are needed to restore recalcitrant C pools and C stocks at depth. Repeated harvesting and disturbance in rotation plantations had a substantial negative impact on the recovery of soil C stocks. We suggest that current calculations of soil C in secondary tropical forests (e. g. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories) could overestimate soil C sequestration and stabilization levels in secondary forests and plantations. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1111/jbi.13456 | Australian dryland soils are acidic and nutrient-depleted, and have unique microbial communities compared with other drylands | Aim: To compare Australian dryland soils with dryland soils globally. Location: Australian and global drylands. Methods: We used data from standardized surveys of soil properties (C, N, and P content and stoichiometry, and pH) and microbes (diversity, composition, and correlation networks) from Australian and global drylands, which occupy three-quarters of the Australian land mass and are the largest biome on Earth. Results: We found that Australian dryland soils were different, exhibiting characteristics of ancient weathered soils. They had lower pH, total and available P, and total N, and greater C:N and C:P ratios than global dryland soils. Australian soils had distinctive microbial community composition and diversity, with more Proteobacteria and fewer Basidiomycota than global dryland soils, and promoted the abundance of specific microbial phylotypes including pathogens, mycorrhizae, and saprobes. Main conclusions: Australian dryland soils are clearly different from dryland soils elsewhere. These differences need to be considered when managing dryland soils to avoid unreasonable expectations about plant productivity and carbon stocks, or when predicting likely changes in ecosystem processes resulting from global environmental change. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
242829 | Individual differences in Collective Animal Behaviour | One of the key challenges in scientific research is to link together our understanding of different levels of biological organisation. This challenge is fundamental to the scientific endeavour: from understand how genes interact to drive the cell, to how cells interact to form organisms, up to how organisms interact to form groups and societies. My own and the research of others has addressed this question in the context of the collective behaviour of animals. Mathematical models of complex systems have been used to successfully predict experimental outcome. Most previous studies are however limited in one important aspect: individuals are treated as identical units. The aim of the proposed research proposed is to investigate features which produce differences within the units. The model systems of our study will be sticklebacks, homing pigeons and house sparrows. Individuals can differ from each other on a range of time scales, from information acquired within the last few minutes, through socially learnt information, to genetically inherited differences. Through a series of experiments on each of the study species, the development of mathematical models which incorporate between individual differences, and novel forms of data analysis, we will begin to understand the role played by individual differences within groups. We will look at the rules of motion for fish and birds; the role of personality in decision-making and how short term information differences improve decision-making accuracy. Achieving the project objectives will greatly enhance our understanding of the relationship between individual animals and the groups they live in, as well as impacting on our understanding of individual differences in other areas of biology. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2025287066 | The Partnership of Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry in the Treatment of Psychosis and Borderline States: Its Evolution in North America | The history of psychiatry is about two hundred years old and that of psychoanalysis more than a hundred, with an important anniversary of the latter in 2011. Freud renewed and humanized psychiatry by enriching its static descriptive method with the new dynamic and interpretive discoveries of psychoanalysis. Freud's innovations, while developed in Europe, were integrated into psychiatry briefly by the Swiss School but mainly in the United States. After many years of fruitful collaboration psychiatry and psychoanalysis seemed to part company in the U.S. in the last few decades. However, the tradition of combining psychiatric care with dynamic principles is still considered valid in the treatment of psychoses and severe personality disorders. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1080/21513732.2017.1415973 | The Role Of Non Natural Capital In The Co Production Of Marine Ecosystem Services | A growing concern is arising to recognize that ecosystem services (ES) production often requires the integration of non-natural capital with natural capital in a process known as co-production. Sev. . . | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.conb.2012.11.012 | Updating dopamine reward signals | Recent work has advanced our knowledge of phasic dopamine reward prediction error signals. The error signal is bidirectional, reflects well the higher order prediction error described by temporal difference learning models, is compatible with model-free and model-based reinforcement learning, reports the subjective rather than physical reward value during temporal discounting and reflects subjective stimulus perception rather than physical stimulus aspects. Dopamine activations are primarily driven by reward, and to some extent risk, whereas punishment and salience have only limited activating effects when appropriate controls are respected. The signal is homogeneous in terms of time course but heterogeneous in many other aspects. It is essential for synaptic plasticity and a range of behavioural learning situations. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-77404-6_26 | Combinatorics Of Beacon Based Routing In Three Dimensions | A beacon is a point-like object which can be enabled to exert a magnetic pull on other point-like objects in space. Those objects then move towards the beacon in a greedy fashion until they are either stuck at an obstacle or reach the beacon’s location. Beacons placed inside polyhedra can be used to route point-like objects from one location to another. A second use case is to cover a polyhedron such that every point-like object at an arbitrary location in the polyhedron can reach at least one of the beacons once the latter is activated. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1126/science.aan0741 | A unified continental thickness from seismology and diamonds suggests a melt-defined plate | Thick, rigid continents move over the weaker underlying mantle, although geophysical and geochemical constraints on the exact thickness and defining mechanism of the continental plates are widely discrepant. Xenoliths suggest a chemical continental lithosphere ~175 kilometers thick, whereas seismic tomography supports a much thicker root (>250 kilometers) and a gradual lithosphere-asthenosphere transition, consistent with a thermal definition. We modeled SS precursor waveforms from continental interiors and found a 7 to 9% velocity drop at depths of 130 to 190 kilometers. The discontinuity depth is well correlated with the origin depths of diamond-bearing xenoliths and corresponds to the transition from coarse to deformed xenoliths. At this depth, the xenolith-derived geotherm also intersects the carbonate-silicate solidus, suggesting that partial melt defines the plate boundaries beneath the continental interior. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2090763044 | OPTIMAL TENURING AND MAJOR COLLECTION TIMES FOR A GENERATIONAL GARBAGE COLLECTOR | It is an important problem to determine the tenuring collection time or major collection time to meet the pause time goal for a generational garbage collector. From such a viewpoint, this paper proposes two stochastic models based on the working schemes of a generational garbage collector: Garbage collections occur at a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. Minor collections are made when the garbage collector begins to work, tenuring collection is made at a planned time T or at the first collection time when surviving objects have exceeded K for the first model. Major collection is made at time T or at the Nth collection for the second model. Using the techniques of cumulative processes and reliability theory, expected cost rates are obtained, and optimal policies of tenuring and major collection times which minimize them are discussed analytically and computed numerically. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/s41559-019-0983-2 | Convergent evolution of a vertebrate-like methylome in a marine sponge | Vertebrates have highly methylated genomes at CpG positions, whereas invertebrates have sparsely methylated genomes. This increase in methylation content is considered a major regulatory innovation of vertebrate genomes. However, here we report that a sponge, proposed as the potential sister group to the rest of animals, has a highly methylated genome. Despite major differences in genome size and architecture, we find similarities between the independent acquisitions of the hypermethylated state. Both lineages show genome-wide CpG depletion, conserved strong transcription factor methyl-sensitivity and developmental methylation dynamics at 5-hydroxymethylcytosine enriched regions. Together, our findings trace back patterns associated with DNA methylation in vertebrates to the early steps of animal evolution. Thus, the sponge methylome challenges previous hypotheses concerning the uniqueness of vertebrate genome hypermethylation and its implications for regulatory complexity. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2171444846 | The Dialectic of the Spatial Determination of Capital: Rosa Luxemburg'sAccumulation of CapitalReconsidered | Rosa Luxemburg's The Accumulation of Capital sought to re-think the work of Marx for the era of imperialism by focusing on capitalism's spatial determination—its inherent drive to consume non-capitalist strata in order to realize surplus value. Although Luxemburg's approach has given rise to intense debates over the past century, the availability of numerous texts of Marx that were unknown in her lifetime—from the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 to his Ethnological Notebooks on pre-capitalist societies—makes it possible for us to finally determine the extent to which her theory of expanded reproduction extended Marx's insights or departed from them. A critical analysis of Luxemburg's work, this paper argues, can enable us to better appreciate the essence of Marx's critique of capitalism—the domination of “dead” labor (capital) over “living” labor as well as its meaning for today. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W1565141490 | Self-Knowledge and Teaching in Confucius and Plato | I am grateful to Rosa Hong Chen for bringing to our attention the powerful philosophical insights and possibilities that Confucius’s Analects have for philosophy of education as it is conducted in North America and for inviting us to compare his insights with those of perhaps the most influential figure in Western philosophy, Socrates. I am also grateful for the opportunity that Chen has provided for me to think systematically and comparatively about the way that these two seminal figures can and do inform our understanding of the nature and importance of self-knowledge and the role of the teacher in attaining it. | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1104/pp.15.01020 | Ethylene: Traffic controller on hormonal crossroads to defense | Ethylene (ET) is an important hormone in plant responses to microbial pathogens and herbivorous insects, and in the interaction of plants with beneficial microbes and insects. Early ET signaling events during these biotic interactions involve activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR transcription factors. Rather than being the principal regulator, ET often modulates defense signaling pathways, including those regulated by jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Hormonal signal integrations with ET steer the defense signaling network to activate specific defenses that can have direct effects on attackers, or systemically prime distant plant parts for enhanced defense against future attack. ET also regulates volatile signals that attract carnivorous enemies of herbivores or warn neighboring plants. Conversely, ET signaling can also be exploited by attackers to hijack the defense signaling network to suppress effective defenses. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the significant role of ET in the plants’ battle against their enemies. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2090779741 | Supramolecular interactions in biologically relevant compounds. 2-Pyrazineformamide thiosemicarbazones and some products of their cyclization | Reaction of 2-cyanopyrazine with thiosemicarbazide or N- methylthiosemicarbazide afforded the (Z)-2-(amino(pyrazin-2-yl)methylene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (HPzAm4DH) and (Z)-2-(amino(pyrazin-2-yl)methylene)-N- methylhydrazine carbothioamide (HPzAm4M), respectively. (2Z,N′E)-N′- (4-Oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)pyrazine-2-carbohydrazonamide (HPzAmot, 5) and (2Z,N′E)-N′-(3-methyl-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene) pyrazine-2-carbohydrazonamide (MPzAmot, 7) have been synthesized from these thiosemicarbazones with chloroacetic or bromoacetic acids, using a conventional synthetic methodology and microwave-assisted organic reaction enhancement. The crystal structures of the thiosemicarbazones and their solvates [HPzAm4DH·1/2 MeOH (1), HPzAm4DH·H2O (2), HPzAm4M (3), HPzAm4M·2H2O (4)] and the 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones (5 and 7) have been studied by X-ray diffractometry. All of the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Several by-products have also been isolated in a crystalline form, namely 3-((Z,E)-N′-(4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene) carbamohydrazonium-yl)pyrazin-1-ium dibromide monohydrate, (H3PzAmot)Br 2·H2O (6), 2-((5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3- yl)thio)acetic acid, (H2Pz124ttAc) (8), 2-amino-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1,3, 4-thiadiazol-3-ium chloride monohydrate, (HPz134tda)Cl·H2O (9), and 2-(methylamino)-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-ium chloride N-methyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine solvate, (HMPz134tda) Cl·(MPz134tda) (10). The structures of these compounds were also analyzed by X-ray diffractometry. The microwave-assisted organic reaction method for synthesis is easy, convenient, and ecofriendly when compared to the traditional synthetic methods. Crystal analysis revealed that the compounds have extended 3D supramolecular networks through high levels of H-bonding and weak molecular interactions between the molecular moieties and solvent molecules. The novel synthons, which are sustained by NH⋯N and NH⋯O hydrogen bonding and other weak interactions, have been shown to assemble with 1,3-thizolidine-4-ones, 1,2,4-trizole, or 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives in a zigzag or herringbone architecture. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
215843 | Partnership for research and innovation in the mediterranean area | The 4PRIMA Coordination and Support Action will create the bases and will develop a set of activities aimed at supporting the establishment of a long-term, well-structured and integrated partnership for research and innovation (R&I) on food systems and water resources, among countries from both sides of the Mediterranean Sea (“PRIMA Initiative”). In order to enable a sustainable development in this area, 4PRIMA will facilitate the establishment of favourable and stable conditions for a reinforced international cooperation on food systems and water research, based on a better coordination, collective ownership of R&I programmes and, consequently, clear and tangible mutual benefits.
4PRIMA will develop a Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) and an associated implementation plan, as a result of an extensive participatory process that will target a critical mass of key players at international level and all relevant stakeholders of the food and water sectors. To achieve this main objective, 4PRIMA will take advantage of a wide portfolio of results and relationship generated in previous and on-going EU projects, as well as it will seek cooperation between EU and Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPCs), in coherence with the activities of the Strategic Forum for International Cooperation.
Given the strategic relevance of an appropriate development and uptake of the SRIA to establish a long lasting partnership in the region, 4PRIMA science diplomacy actions will be essential to ensure the support to R&I policy dialogue addressing sensitive challenges between EU and MPCs. Moreover, in order to maximise its expected impact, 4PRIMA project will explore avenues for awareness raising and development of strategic alliances with key stakeholders, including EU, AC and MPCs countries that did not take part to the PRIMA joint programming process, with the goal to enlarge the participation to the “PRIMA Initiative”. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP05(2015)009 | Robust Collider Limits On Heavy Mediator Dark Matter | We discuss how to consistently use Effective Field Theories (EFTs) to set universal bounds on heavy-mediator Dark Matter at colliders, without prejudice on the model underlying a given effective interaction. We illustrate the method for a Majorana fermion, universally coupled to the Standard Model quarks via a dimension-6 axial-axial four-fermion operator. We recast the ATLAS mono-jet analysis and show that a considerable fraction of the parameter space, seemingly excluded by a na\"ive EFT interpretation, is actually still unexplored. Consistently set EFT limits can be reinterpreted in any specific underlying model. We provide two explicit examples for the chosen operator and compare the reach of our model-independent method with that obtainable by dedicated analyses. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W4211253563 | Estratégias participativas para a intervenção em saúde: relato de experiência no pet-saúde graduasus | Este trabajo relata una experiencia de trabajo interdisciplinario desarrollada por profesores, estudiantes de una Licenciatura en salud, profesionales de la salud y actores sociales de una comunidad, dentro del Programa de Educación para el Trabajo PET-Salud GraduaSUS. La primera parte del proyecto se concentró en un diagnóstico participativo de la situación de salud en la ciudad de Porto Seguro, Brasil, a partir del cual fueron planeadas acciones de intervención, junto con la comunidad. Específicamente, el texto presenta una serie de talleres realizados con, estudiantes de una escuela de la región, que apuntaron la violencia como uno de los principales problemas de su territorio. Los talleres fueron ofertados como un dispositivo de reflexión, articulación y elaboración de experiencias de violencia y, al mismo tiempo, como un espacio de reflexión y cuestionamiento de prácticas de discriminación y de violación de los derechos humanos, con las que los jóvenes tienen contacto en su cotidianidad. El trabajo reafirmo la potencia de las estrategias intervención social participativas para producir transformaciones sociales y subjetivas, inclusive en relación a problemas el campo de salud. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-31514-6_7 | Model Repair Revamped On The Automated Synthesis Of Markov Chains | This paper outlines two approaches—based on counterexample-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) and counterexample-guided inductive synthesis (CEGIS), respectively—to the automated synthesis of finite-state probabilistic models and programs. Our CEGAR approach iteratively partitions the design space starting from an abstraction of this space and refines this by a light-weight analysis of verification results. The CEGIS technique exploits critical subsystems as counterexamples to prune all programs behaving incorrectly on that input. We show the applicability of these synthesis techniques to sketching of probabilistic programs, controller synthesis of POMDPs, and software product lines. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.4049/jimmunol.1801530 | RelB deficiency in dendritic cells protects from autoimmune inflammation due to spontaneous accumulation of tissue t regulatory cells | Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are well-known immune suppressor cells in various settings. In this study, we provide evidence that knockout of the relB gene in dendritic cells (DCs) of C57BL/6 mice results in a spontaneous and systemic accumulation of Foxp3+ T regulatory T cells (Tregs) partially at the expense of microbiota-reactive Tregs. Deletion of nfkb2 does not fully recapitulate this phenotype, indicating that alternative NF-κB activation via the RelB/p52 complex is not solely responsible for Treg accumulation. Deletion of RelB in DCs further results in an impaired oral tolerance induction and a marked type 2 immune bias among accumulated Foxp3+ Tregs reminiscent of a tissue Treg signature. Tissue Tregs were fully functional, expanded independently of IL-33, and led to an almost complete Treg-dependent protection from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Thus, we provide clear evidence that RelB-dependent pathways regulate the capacity of DCs to quantitatively and qualitatively impact on Treg biology and constitute an attractive target for treatment of autoimmune diseases but may come at risk for reduced immune tolerance in the intestinal tract. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W2001238591 | Fast Tuning of Double Fano Resonance Using A Phase-Change Metamaterial Under Low Power Intensity | In this work, we numerically demonstrate an all-optical tunable Fano resonance in a fishnet metamaterial(MM) based on a metal/phase-change material(PCM)/metal multilayer. We show that the displacement of the elliptical nanoholes from their centers can split the single Fano resonance (FR) into a double FR, exhibiting higher quality factors. The tri-layer fishnet MMs with broken symmetry accomplishes a wide tuning range in the mid-infrared(M-IR) regime by switching between the amorphous and crystalline states of the PCM (Ge2Sb2Te5). A photothermal model is used to study the temporal variation of the temperature of the Ge2Sb2Te5 film to show the potential for switching the phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 by optical heating. Generation of the tunable double FR in this asymmetric structure presents clear advantages as it possesses a fast tuning time of 0.36 ns, a low pump light intensity of 9.6 μW/μm(2), and a large tunable wavelength range between 2124 nm and 3028 nm. The optically fast tuning of double FRs using phase change metamaterials(PCMMs) may have potential applications in active multiple-wavelength nanodevices in the M-IR region. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/454/1/012002 | Bssn Equations In Spherical Coordinates Without Regularization Spherically Symmetric Spacetimes | Brown recently introduced a covariant formulation of the BSSN equations which is well suited for curvilinear coordinate systems. This is particularly desirable as many astrophysical phenomena are symmetric with respect to the rotation axis or are such that curvilinear coordinates adapt better to their geometry. We show results from a newly developed numerical code solving the BSSN equations in spherical symmetry and the general relativistic hydrodynamic equations written in flux-conservative form. A key feature of the code is that uses a second-order partially implicit Runge-Kutta method to integrate the evolution equations, and does not need a regularization algorithm at the origin. We discuss a number of tests to assess the accuracy, numerical stability and expected convergence of the code. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
EP 2017073549 W | A STEMWARE HOLDER SUITABLE FOR USING IN A DISHWASHER | The present invention relates to a stemware holder (1) suitable for using in a dishwasher, comprising a body (2), more than one holding element (3) that is disposed on the body (2) and that grabs the stemware at the stem part, and at least one support element (4) that is disposed on the body (2) and whereon the of the stemware is placed. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-21846-5_111 | X Ray Binaries | This chapter discusses the implications of X-ray binaries on our knowledge of Type Ibc and Type II supernovae. X-ray binaries contain accreting neutron stars and stellar--mass black holes which are the end points of massive star evolution. Studying these remnants thus provides clues to understanding the evolutionary processes that lead to their formation. We focus here on the distributions of dynamical masses, space velocities and chemical anomalies of their companion stars. These three observational features provide unique information on the physics of core collapse and supernovae explosions within interacting binary systems. There is suggestive evidence for a gap between ~2-5 Msun in the observed mass distribution. This might be related to the physics of the supernova explosions although selections effects and possible systematics may be important. The difference between neutron star mass measurements in low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and pulsar masses in high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) reflect their different accretion histories, with the latter presenting values close to birth masses. On the other hand, black holes in LMXBs appear to be limited to <~12 Msun because of strong mass-loss during the wind Wolf-Rayet phase. Detailed studies of a limited sample of black-hole X-ray binaries suggest that the more massive black holes have a lower space velocity, which could be explained if they formed through direct collapse. Conversely, the formation of low-mass black holes through a supernova explosion implies that large escape velocities are possible through ensuing natal and/or Blaauw kicks. Finally, chemical abundance studies of the companion stars in seven X-ray binaries indicate they are metal-rich (all except GRO J1655-40) and possess large peculiar abundances of alpha-elements (Abridged) | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1002/chem.201900562 | Light-Induced Dimerization Approaches to Control Cellular Processes | Light-inducible approaches provide a means to control biological systems with spatial and temporal resolution that is unmatched by traditional genetic perturbations. Recent developments of optogenetic and chemo-optogenetic systems for induced proximity in cells facilitate rapid and reversible manipulation of highly dynamic cellular processes and have become valuable tools in diverse biological applications. New expansions of the toolbox facilitate control of signal transduction, genome editing, “painting” patterns of active molecules onto cellular membranes, and light-induced cell cycle control. A combination of light- and chemically induced dimerization approaches have also seen interesting progress. Herein, an overview of optogenetic systems and emerging chemo-optogenetic systems is provided, and recent applications in tackling complex biological problems are discussed. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W2339095653 | Traditional Culture as a Space for Identity (A case study of village Bumburet Kalash Valley) | This study was conducted in the Bumburet valley of Kalash, District Chitral Pakistan.The study attempts to explain the traditional identity and religious philosophy of non Muslim Kalash.The data for this study was collected by adopting anthropological techniques particularly participant observation.The fieldwork was conducted in the year 2007-08.The thesis addresses the impact of space in formulating distinct cultural patterns; for determining the identity of Kalash people.Culture is a protective and flexible space, in which a group of people can coexist and perpetuate their way of life.In any geographical setting, eventuality of displacement; or movement on mass scale due to environmental disaster to another area will not diminish or change their identity, as long as their culture remains intact.The Kalash culture is an example which has provided a space for the small groups of people who have survived and perpetuated.This interactive and inquisitive study scrutinizes the various aspects of the traditional culture, and effect forceful and mediated influence of the external and internal forces combined with rapidly changing environment. The basic objective of the study was to prove that perpetuation, preservation and practice of tradition strengthen the identity of a group, or people, and culture provides the space for small communities to exist, survive and propagate their way of life without being unnecessarily threatened by the majority group’s culture, tradition and religion.The role of government is to provide freedom of expression and security to all irrespective of their religion, culture and tradition.The Government of Pakistan does not treat them as an exotic object of tourism but as a group of people worthy of survival.Kalash a distinct community of Hindukush is an example where culture is encapsulating the identity.The fundamental building blocks of their religious ideology and believe is based on the concept of onjesta and paragata i.e. purity and impurity.This phenomenon is evident in every sphere of their life.They regard high mountains, lakes, green pastures; cooking area, gods deities, fairies, Holy sanctuaries and jestik~han (worship places) are onjesta i.e. pure.The females, their menstruation and maternity homes bashalini, graveyard, and evil spirits bhut are considered paragata i.e. impure. The people of Kalash are trying to preserve their centuries old tradition and customs in spite of the constant invasion of modernization and globalization.Modernization is a process which consciously or subconsciously corrupts the fundamentals of organizational set up.The set up is responsible for the smooth running of various institutions by following a specified code of conduct.The process of social change manipulates the passive environment to an active environment where the nature and longevity of tradition and group`s identity attached to it can be threatened. But people of Kalash are aware of the negative consequences of this modernization therefore are negotiating a space where modernization and tradition can survive and coexist. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1039/c8re00193f | From metal-supported oxides to well-defined metal site zeolites: the next generation of passive NOxadsorbers for low-temperature control of emissions from diesel engines | Passive NOxadsorbers as new components to complement SCR catalysts to control cold-start NOxemissions efficiently. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nsmb.1629 | H3K64 trimethylation marks heterochromatin and is dynamically remodeled during developmental reprogramming | Histone modifications are central to the regulation of all DNA-dependent processes. Lys64 of histone H3 (H3K64) lies within the globular domain at a structurally important position. We identify trimethylation of H3K64 (H3K64me3) as a modification that is enriched at pericentric heterochromatin and associated with repeat sequences and transcriptionally inactive genomic regions. We show that this new mark is dynamic during the two main epigenetic reprogramming events in mammals. In primordial germ cells, H3K64me3 is present at the time of specification, but it disappears transiently during reprogramming. In early mouse embryos, it is inherited exclusively maternally; subsequently, the modification is rapidly removed, suggesting an important role for H3K64me3 turnover in development. Taken together, our findings establish H3K64me3 as a previously uncharacterized histone modification that is preferentially localized to repressive chromatin. We hypothesize that H3K64me3 helps to 'secure' nucleosomes, and perhaps the surrounding chromatin, in an appropriately repressed state during development. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2263551190 | Individualization and Institutionalization of Islam in Europe in the Age of Securitization | A young French-Turkish veiled woman testifies that she successfully learned to play with her multiple identities: “When I was a child I was feeling more Turkish although I had several French peers. As I became older my French identity has become more visible in the public space. Lately I have discovered another part of my identity, i.e., Islam. I have a triple identity now. And the good thing is that I can live with all those three, and I don’t have to choose any of them.”1 Migration brings about new openings, encounters, bridges, doors and windows, but it may also become an attractive form of governmentality to be employed by the conservative political elite. Migration has recently been framed as a source of fear and instability for the nation-states in the West, though it was rather a source of content and happiness for both the receiving countries and the immigrants in the 1960s. What has changed in the meantime? Why is this shift in the framing of | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
627990 | Polymer brushes - a sustainable bonding technology for dissimilar materials | Technological developments are moving ever faster in our modern society, and so are the pressure put on industries to produce safe and sustainable products within a circular economy perspective. Hybrid assemblies, joints of dissimilar materials, are key in modern product design and found everywhere - in your smartphone, car, TV, dishwasher, in planes and so on. However, in modern products we increasingly rely on engineering plastics and fiber-reinforced plastic composites, which is intrinsically hard to bond to other types of material - and using industrial glue you cannot easily recycle the plastic part. This has become a major challenge that hampers development of better, more durable, longer living, and sustainable products in key manufacturing industries such as automotive, aerospace, medical device, electronics, renewables, offshore, consumer goods, etc. A prime example is the slow adoption of the most potent lightweight materials, high-performance plastics and plastic composites (70% weight reduction potential), in the transportation industry due to lack of acceptable joining methods – severely limiting the CO2 reduction potential of new cars and planes.
RadiSurf has developed the groundbreaking RadiBond technology, based on nanometer-thin coatings of polymer brushes, that provide sustainable, ultra-strong and ultra-tight hybrid joints that can easily be reversed at product end-of-life for disassembly and recycling of the bonded parts. RadiBond is a key enabling technology bringing outstanding bonding performance and easy integration into existing manufacturing assembly lines. As the pioneer in the industrial utilization of polymer brushes, Radisurf are now targeting full-scale market launch of RadiBond. However, to succeed in the transition from a small R&D provider to a manufacturing company, support from the EIC Accelerator Pilot program is crucial for demonstrating industrial implementation and scaling of the chemical production capacity. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.5194/gmd-12-4551-2019 | tobac 1.2: towards a flexible framework for tracking and analysis of clouds in diverse datasets | Abstract. We introduce tobac (Tracking and Object-Based Analysis of Clouds), a newly developed framework for tracking and analysing individual clouds in different types of datasets, such as cloud-resolving model simulations and geostationary satellite retrievals. The software has been designed to be used flexibly with any two- or three-dimensional time-varying input. The application of high-level data formats, such as Iris cubes or xarray arrays, for input and output allows for convenient use of metadata in the tracking analysis and visualisation. Comprehensive analysis routines are provided to derive properties like cloud lifetimes or statistics of cloud properties along with tools to visualise the results in a convenient way. The application of tobac is presented in two examples. We first track and analyse scattered deep convective cells based on maximum vertical velocity and the three-dimensional condensate mixing ratio field in cloud-resolving model simulations. We also investigate the performance of the tracking algorithm for different choices of time resolution of the model output. In the second application, we show how the framework can be used to effectively combine information from two different types of datasets by simultaneously tracking convective clouds in model simulations and in geostationary satellite images based on outgoing longwave radiation. The tobac framework provides a flexible new way to include the evolution of the characteristics of individual clouds in a range of important analyses like model intercomparison studies or model assessment based on observational data. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
646203 | Neural pathways from recognition to perception | Object recognition is essential to our interaction with the external world. Our brain is able to effortlessly identify objects even under the highly dynamic conditions of natural vision. This is a remarkable achievement of our visual system. Nevertheless, how the brain creates invariant object representations in the perceptual/visual domain remains elusive. In this project, I will combine novel large-scale electrophysiological recordings and advanced behavioral methods to investigate the neural information processing in higher cortical areas during object recognition. Firstly, I will investigate how cortical representations of visual stimuli progressively evolve across the cortical hierarchy to incorporate semantic information. For this, I will use simultaneous large-scale recordings with Neuropixels probes in mice engaged in a visual discrimination task. Secondly, I will characterize the selectivity of the neuronal populations in each cortical area. Here, I will take a deep-learning approach to model the neural responses of single cells to optimal stimuli. Finally, sophisticated statistical modelling and analysis techniques will be used to resolve how dynamic inter-areal interactions shape the neural representations of visual stimuli. Collectively, these objectives are an unprecedented attempt to disentangle the roles of different higher cortical areas in object recognition. This is fundamental towards enhancing our understanding of how the brain solves perceptual inference. Moreover the multidisciplinary nature of this project will provide a holistic understanding of natural vision during ethologically relevant behaviors. My findings will also motivate new artificial vision algorithms with improved object recognition capabilities under highly dynamic visual conditions. Particularly, the use in assistive devices for blind people will have major social impacts by improving their mobility, quality of life and reducing their dependency on the society. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2346065418 | Evolving risk based monitoring scenario and change management associated with it | <p class="abstract">Clinical research and drug development is evolving continuously resulting in pharma companies looking for newer ways of getting drugs faster to the market. Managing clinical costs and coping with major regulatory hurdles poses challenges of finding ways to do more with a small budget. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance for industry on “risk based approach to monitoring”, TransCelerate Biopharma INCs “risk based monitoring methodology position paper” provides guidance, recommendations and methodologies for conducting risk based monitoring (RBM). However, limited experience in the implementation of these methodologies poses questions on practical challenges that pharmaceutical companies are either already facing or will face during the implementation of these recommendations. This paper describes the evolution of RBM strategies and discusses the complexities that clinical research organizations (CROs) and service providers could face while implementing RBM. This paper also suggests how pharma companies may have to adapt their organization to this new model by highlighting changes in roles and responsibilities of relevant stakeholders including site investigators, site monitors and lead data managers. A few suggestions for ensuring smooth change management have also been proposed for each stakeholder.</p> | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1214/14-AOP934 | Disorder Entropy And Harmonic Functions | We study harmonic functions on random environments with particular emphasis on the case of the infinite cluster of supercritical percolation on Z d . We prove that the vector space of harmonic functions growing at most linearly is d+ 1-dimensional almost surely. In particular, there are no non-constant sublinear harmonic functions (thus implying the uniqueness of the corrector). The main ingredient of the proof is a quantitative, annealed version of the Kaimanovich-Vershik entropy argument. This also provides bounds on the derivative of the heat kernel, simplifying and generalizing existing results. The argument applies to many different environments, even reversibility is not necessary. We also mention several open problems and conjectures on the behavior of harmonic functions on stationary random graphs. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.3389/fmicb.2019.02352 | The acidophilic methanotroph methylacidimicrobium tartarophylax 4ac grows as autotroph on h<inf>2</inf> under microoxic conditions | Emissions of the strong greenhouse gas methane (CH4 ) to the atmosphere are mitigated by methanotrophic microorganisms. Methanotrophs found in extremely acidic geothermal systems belong to the phylum Verrucomicrobia. Thermophilic verrucomicrobial methanotrophs from the genus Methylacidiphilum can grow autotrophically on hydrogen gas (H2 ), but it is unknown whether this also holds for their mesophilic counterparts from the genus Methylacidimicrobium. To determine this, we examined H2 consumption and CO2 fixation by the mesophilic verrucomicrobial methanotroph Methylacidimicrobium tartarophylax 4AC. We found that strain 4AC grows autotrophically on H2 with a maximum growth rate of 0. 0048 h−1 and a yield of 2. 1 g dry weight · mol H2−1, which is about 12 and 41% compared to the growth rate and yield on methane, respectively. The genome of strain 4AC only encodes for an oxygen-sensitive group 1b [NiFe] hydrogenase and H2 is respired only when oxygen concentrations are below 40 µM. Phylogenetic analysis and genomic comparison of methanotrophs revealed diverse [NiFe] hydrogenases, presumably with varying oxygen sensitivity and affinity for H2, which could drive niche differentiation. Our results show that both thermophilic and mesophilic verrucomicrobial methanotrophs can grow as autotrophs on H2 as a sole energy source. Our results suggest that verrucomicrobial methanotrophs are particularly well-equipped to thrive in hostile volcanic ecosystems, since they can consume H2 as additional energy source. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
US 2015/0018275 W | ALL-WHEEL DRIVE ELECTRIC VEHICLE MOTOR TORQUE SAFETY MONITOR | A vehicle torque safety monitor is provided. The safety monitor includes a vehicle power estimator configured to estimate a first mechanical power of a first electric motor and a second mechanical power of a second electric motor. The safety monitor includes an energy storage system power estimator and limiter, configured to estimate electrical power provided by an energy storage system, at least a portion of the electrical power converting to the first mechanical power and the second mechanical power. The system includes a vehicle power monitor, configured to indicate an inconsistency in the first mechanical power, the second mechanical power, and the electrical power. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
185026 | Control of current-induced heat exchange in molecular junctions by molecular scale design of the electronic properties | The project will investigate the current-induced vibrational heating and cooling of molecular junctions with relatively sharp molecular resonances. These systems are interesting because, depending on the atomistic details of the metal/molecule interface and the chemical structure of the molecule, an extremely rich variety of heating/cooling dynamics under an external bias is possible.
A detailed study of the connection between the electronic structure (both at equilibrium and in presence of a bias) and the inelastic processes associated to the emission and absorption of molecular vibrations represents a necessary step toward the comprehension and control of the junction heating and cooling dynamics and thus of its stability.
We will study a broad range of systems where the sharp DOS features are originated by two different physical mechanisms: i) structural and chemical details of the metal/molecule interface, and ii) destructive interference in the molecule.
In the first case, we will focus on the effect of electrode shape on the heating and cooling of the molecule and consider a wide range of molecule-electrode couplings. The molecules we will consider are examples of these classes of systems, namely carbenes (strong coupling to the electrodes), bypiridine (intermediate coupling), PTCDA (weak coupling).
In the case of destructive interference, we will focus on conjugated linear molecules where quantum interference features originate from the coupling of side-groups to the molecular backbone.
Finally the project will extend the state-of-the-art approach for the calculation of the heating and cooling dynamics by introducing self-consistency between vibrations populations and the electronic structure. For this we will make use of a series of approximations in the derivation of the equations for vibration emission and absorption rates. We expect this new approach will reveal complex dynamics in systems with sharp resonances and close to vibrational instabilities. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201015316 | The Muchfuss Project Searching For Hot Subdwarf Binaries With Massive Unseen Companions Survey Target Selection And Atmospheric Parameters | The project Massive Unseen Companions to Hot Faint Underluminous Stars from SDSS (MUCHFUSS) aims at finding sdBs with compact companions like supermassive white dwarfs (M > 1. 0 M� ), neutron stars or black holes. The existence of such systems is predicted by binary evolution theory and recent discoveries indicate that they are likely to exist in our Galaxy. A determination of the orbital parameters is sufficient to put a lower limit on the companion mass by calculating the binary mass function. If this lower limit exceeds the Chandrasekhar mass and no sign of a companion is visible in the spectra, the existence of a massive compact companion is proven without the need for any additional assumptions. We identified about 1100 hot subdwarf stars from the SDSS by colour selection and visual inspection of their spectra. Stars with high velocities have been reobserved and individual SDSS spectra have been analysed. In total 127 radial velocity variable subdwarfs have been discovered. Binaries with high RV shifts and binaries with moderate shifts within short timespans have the highest probability of hosting massive compact companions. Atmospheric parameters of 69 hot subdwarfs in these binary systems have been determined by means of a quantitative spectral analysis. The atmospheric parameter distribution of the selected sample does not differ from previously studied samples of hot subdwarfs. The systems are considered the best candidates to search for massive compact companions by follow-up time resolved spectroscopy. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.230602 | From metadynamics to dynamics | Metadynamics is a commonly used and successful enhanced sampling method. By the introduction of a history dependent bias which depends on a restricted number of collective variables it can explore complex free energy surfaces characterized by several metastable states separated by large free energy barriers. Here we extend its scope by introducing a simple yet powerful method for calculating the rates of transition between different metastable states. The method does not rely on a previous knowledge of the transition states or reaction coordinates, as long as collective variables are known that can distinguish between the various stable minima in free energy space. We demonstrate that our method recovers the correct escape rates out of these stable states and also preserves the correct sequence of state-to-state transitions, with minimal extra computational effort needed over ordinary metadynamics. We apply the formalism to three different problems and in each case find excellent agreement with the results of long unbiased molecular dynamics runs. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
interreg_1260 | EXtension of POtentiality of Adriatic Unesco Sites | The eligible territories of the programme are very rich of UNESCO sites (and also of sites aspiring to this recognition). This is an important indicator of the strong effort made by the local communities to preserve historical, artistic or natural heritage of great value, but, at the same time, this trend must stimulate them to consider the UNESCO acknowledgment as a starting point, because this acknowledgment doesn’t mean to “embalm” a place, but to promote in it a complex and pro-active strategy of preservation & economic valorization, which should involve a plurality of public & private actors. On the other hand, whether for an entity the inclusion into the UNESCO list may be considered a good investment (also for the image of a place), it must be underlined that it implies a strong work on longer term, not only of political and ethic nature, but also from an economic & territorial planning point of view. In fact, the preservation of the heritage as well as of the cultural & natural heritage, inherited by the past generations, is not easily compatible and “harmonizeable” with the needs of development of the present generations (new residential, commercial and productive zoning; new infrastructures of transportation and energy, etc.). At the same time, preservation, conservation & exploitation have a cost, which the public institutions, alone, are not able to cover, without the involvement of private bodies or international donors. Finally: a UNESCO site is potentially very attractive for tourists. But, beyond a certain threshold of tourism frequentation, the carrying capacity of a site may be undermined, jeopardizing its preservation. The management and valorization of the UNESCO sites is, therefore, a very complex challenge. EX.PO AUS intends, therefore, to conceive and experiment an innovative and very articulated long term strategy aimed at managing and valorizing the UNESCO sites of the Adriatic sea, trying to address new ideas, tools and actions to manage in a good manner these sites and achieve a sustainable economic valorization of them, moreover from the ecological and energy efficiency point of view. To achieve this strategic objective, the following specific objectives will be pursued: - CROSS-BORDER DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTS AND TOOLS FOR A SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE UNESCO SITES, by addressing the key topic of the management plan of a UNESCO site as framework of a pro-active strategy of valorization and economic development of a territory, and hence not as a secondary or external element of the ordinary urban and territorial planning, but as key component of it; - CROSS-BORDER IMPROVEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORTS, by means of the exchange of information on the best practices and techniques for digital cataloguing of the related witnesses, the study and cataloguing of the architectural decoration, the implementation of the data-base of the CIDM-International Centre of Documentation of the Mosaic of the Municipality of Ravenna - MAR, the exchange of know-how on the innovative techniques of restoration of the sites and the exchange of experience on the techniques based on the “dry stone”. - REALISATION OF INNOVATIVE PILOT EXPERIENCES IN THE PARTNER AREAS, tuned to the characteristics and priority needs of each one (conservation, valorization, managerial and technological innovation, especially in the energy field etc.), and capable to generate critical mass and reproducible effects into wider areas; - JOINT VALORISATION OF THE UNESCO SITES OF THE ADRIATIC SEA, both as “generalist” net as a whole, and as specific thematic nets related to specific issues like mosaic, the “dry stone”, with the aim to attract the worldwide growing segment of tourist interested in culture and nature. EX.PO AUS will last 36 months. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
W2175936413 | Dynamic Interactive Voice Response System Using Ontology and Java Expert System Shell | Abstract Interactive Voice Response (IVR) System is a technology that permits automated technologies to interact by way of customers via voice or Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) signalling keypad. An IVR system (IVRS) receives a combination of speech telephone input and keypad choice and affords suitable responses in the custom of voice. This paper is about the Dynamic IVRS for service oriented applications. In this system the request and response are handled as a services. The services can co-operate with each further to convey sophisticated added-value services. Ontologies are designed to maintain the insufficient information, hidden facts, knowledge sharing and also to handle the complete service functionalities. An ontology is a depiction (like a proper specification of a program) of the concepts and relationships that can exist for a customer. This system uses Java Expert System Shell for dynamic menu generation. JESS is a rule-engine and scripting environment which has the capability to context analysing by its intelligence. The objective of this paper is to reduce the execution delay which is measured in terms of the call length. This research optimizes the search space using Finite State Machine (FSM). It leads to better utilization and virtualization of IVR system. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W4229054632 | A game for everyone: learning with digital teaching and student skills | Learning platforms are currently main organization models for digital and remote teaching. Researches have highlighted learning outcomes as a critical area during the health emergency, also partially due to low prepardeness of teachers for digital and distance teaching. Evidence Based Education informs that gamification can efficiently be implemented as a teaching methodology, using games to involve students in digital activities in an inclusive manner. In order to monitor the level of appreciation and to identify the more appropriate game models according to students’ literacy skills, a study was performed in Marche region (IT) in 2021 in two first year high school classes involved in gamificated learning activities. All students appreciated the games used, but different reasons for appreciation are reported according to student skills. The escape room and the quiz design were identified as the most inclusive instrument, but other strategies were referred as very useful for inclusion: the variation of the graphic elements and the use of no time limited games.
 
 Un gioco di tutti e di ciascuno: l’apprendimento con la Didattica Digitale Integrata e le competenze degli studenti.
 Le piattaforme didattiche oggi rappresentano un modello di organizzazione dello spazio di lavoro irrinunciabile per gli interventi in DDI e DaD. Gli studi hanno individuato nei bassi risultati di apprendimento degli studenti una delle maggiori criticità del periodo della pandemia, in parte imputabile anche alla limitata capacità dei docenti di operare efficacemente a distanza attraverso strumenti digitali. In prospettiva Evidence Based, tra le metodologie ritenute più adeguate a conciliare l’efficacia didattica mediata dalla tecnologia e la dimensione inclusiva, figura la gamification, nelle sue varie declinazioni. È stato realizzato nel 2021 un monitoraggio su due classi prime di un liceo scientifico marchigiano, che hanno sperimentato un’attività integrata con elementi di gioco variamente caratterizzati, condotto con lo scopo di verificare il gradimento e individuare le modalità di giochi online più adatti a vari gruppi di studenti, distinti in base al livello di competenze nell’area alfabetico funzionale. La proposta didattica ha incontrato il gradimento di tutti, sebbene per distinte ragioni riferibili a diversi livelli di competenze. È inoltre emerso che è possibile individuare strategie, come la strutturazione su livelli e la progettazione di quiz, e modalità di gioco, senza limiti di tempo e con una variazione degli aspetti grafici, ampiamente inclusive. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 2019/0042382 W | POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES COMPRISING SALINOMYCIN | The present invention relates to polymeric nanoparticles comprising salinomycin and methods for treating certain diseases comprising administering these polymeric nanoparticles to a subject in need thereof. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W4281820760 | Liderança Feminina: Um Estudo Qualitativo com Mulheres Líderes em Imperatriz-MA / Female Leadership: The Challenges of Women in Organizational Leadership | Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo de pesquisa compreender quais os dilemas das mulheres em cargos de liderança na cidade de Imperatriz-Ma. A pesquisa relaciona o que foi constatado na literatura pesquisada junto a amostra coletada na cidade. A metodologia do trabalho é qualitativa, que contou com a participação de 7 (sete) mulheres entrevistadas. Nos resultados, todas as mulheres consultadas apontaram para dificuldades da liderança feminina, onde o principal problema se relaciona no machismo sofrido nos ambientes de trabalho, assim como diferenças de salário mesmo que ambos os gêneros tenham as mesmas funções (cargos); as estratégias de enfrentamento encontradas foi o profissionalismo, enfrentamento via conversa e punições administrativas. Conclui-se, na perspectiva deste trabalho que é necessário refinar os canais de denúncias, outra questão interessante é a construção de uma sociedade mais tolerante nas diferenças por intermédio da educação, fazendo a edificação de paradigmas sociais cada vez mais voltados ao respeito e na equidade.Abstract: This work research aims to understand the dilemmas experienced by women in leadership positions in the City of Imperatriz-MA.The research is related to what was found in the literature analised though a sample of data collected in the City. The methodology of this work is quantitative which includes the collaboration of seven women interviewed. The results obtained show that all the women consulted pointed to the difficulties of female leadership, where the main problem is related to the sexist and discriminatory suffered in the workplace, as well as the salaries differences even though both genders perform the same functions and positions. However, the coping strategies found were through the professionalism, conversation, and administrative punishment. The conclusion in this work points out that there is a need to refine the channels of complaints, the perspective of this study shows the interesting question about the construction of a Society with more tolerance, through an educational process, building social paradigms based and focused on respect and equity.Keywords: Leadership. Female. Dilemmas. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2009238272 | Preparation of polyamic acid and polyimide nanoparticles by compressed fluid antisolvent and thermal imidization | Abstract Polyamic acid (PAA) nanoparticles were generated by injection of an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution containing dissolved PAA into a high-pressure CO2 chamber in which the precipitation of PAA occurred by the antisolvent technique. Supercritical CO2 was then continuously fed into the chamber to dry the precipitated PAA. The effects of temperature, pressure and PAA concentration on PAA nanoparticle morphology and size were systematically examined. The results indicated that PAA size could be reduced by decreasing temperature or concentration and by increasing pressure. Spherical PAA nanoparticles with reduced coalescence could be generated at the condition of 313 K, 13.79 MPa and 1.0 wt% PAA in NMP. The resultant PAA nanoparticles and the corresponding polyimide (PI) nanoparticles obtained by thermal imidization treatment of PAA at the determined heating conditions were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. With evidence of an imide ring structure and high thermal stability, PI was verified to be successfully produced. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.085 | Neo-vascularization of the stroke cavity by implantation of human neural stem cells on VEGF-releasing PLGA microparticles | Replacing the tissue lost after a stroke potentially provides a new neural substrate to promote recovery. However, significant neurobiological and biotechnological challenges need to be overcome to make this possibility into a reality. Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) can differentiate into mature brain cells, but require a structural support that retains them within the cavity and affords the formation of a de novo tissue. Nevertheless, in our previous work, even after a week, this primitive tissue is void of a vasculature that could sustain its long-term viability. Therefore, tissue engineering strategies are required to develop a vasculature. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to promote the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells during angio- and arteriogenesis. VEGF by itself here did not affect viability or differentiation of hNSCs, whereas growing cells on poly(d,. l-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles, with or without VEGF, doubled astrocytic and neuronal differentiation. Secretion of a burst and a sustained delivery of VEGF from the microparticles in vivo attracted endothelial cells from the host into this primitive tissue and in parts established a neovasculature, whereas in other parts endothelial cells were merely interspersed with hNSCs. There was also evidence of a hypervascularization indicating that further work will be required to establish an adequate level of vascularization. It is therefore possible to develop a putative neovasculature within de novo tissue that is forming inside a tissue cavity caused by a stroke. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.5194/gmd-13-1945-2020 | Comparative analysis of atmospheric radiative transfer models using the Atmospheric Look-up table Generator (ALG) toolbox (version 2.0) | Atmospheric radiative transfer models (RTMs) are software tools that help researchers in understanding the radiative processes occurring in the Earth's atmosphere. Given their importance in remote sensing applications, the intercomparison of atmospheric RTMs is therefore one of the main tasks used to evaluate model performance and identify the characteristics that differ between models. This can be a tedious tasks that requires good knowledge of the model inputs/ outputs and the generation of large databases of consistent simulations. With the evolution of these software tools, their increase in complexity bears implications for their use in practical applications and model intercomparison. Existing RTM-specific graphical user interfaces are not optimized for performing intercomparison studies of a wide variety of atmospheric RTMs. In this paper, we present the Atmospheric Look-up table Generator (ALG) version 2. 0, a new software tool that facilitates generating large databases for a variety of atmospheric RTMs. ALG facilitates consistent and intuitive user interaction to enable the running of model executions and storing of RTM data for any spectral configuration in the optical domain. We demonstrate the utility of ALG in performing intercomparison studies of radiance simulations from broadly used atmospheric RTMs (6SV, MODTRAN, and libRadtran) through global sensitivity analysis. We expect that providing ALG to the research community will facilitate the usage of atmospheric RTMs to a wide range of applications in Earth observation. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/s41561-017-0028-x | Influence of diatom diversity on the ocean biological carbon pump | Diatoms sustain the marine food web and contribute to the export of carbon from the surface ocean to depth. They account for about 40% of marine primary productivity and particulate carbon exported to depth as part of the biological pump. Diatoms have long been known to be abundant in turbulent, nutrient-rich waters, but observations and simulations indicate that they are dominant also in meso- and submesoscale structures such as fronts and filaments, and in the deep chlorophyll maximum. Diatoms vary widely in size, morphology and elemental composition, all of which control the quality, quantity and sinking speed of biogenic matter to depth. In particular, their silica shells provide ballast to marine snow and faecal pellets, and can help transport carbon to both the mesopelagic layer and deep ocean. Herein we show that the extent to which diatoms contribute to the export of carbon varies by diatom type, with carbon transfer modulated by the Si/C ratio of diatom cells, the thickness of the shells and their life strategies; for instance, the tendency to form aggregates or resting spores. Model simulations project a decline in the contribution of diatoms to primary production everywhere outside of the Southern Ocean. We argue that we need to understand changes in diatom diversity, life cycle and plankton interactions in a warmer and more acidic ocean in much more detail to fully assess any changes in their contribution to the biological pump. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-020-15534-z | Spatiotemporal refinement of signal flow through association cortex during learning | AbstractAssociation areas in neocortex encode novel stimulus-outcome relationships, but the principles of their engagement during task learning remain elusive. Using chronic wide-field calcium imaging, we reveal two phases of spatiotemporal refinement of layer 2/3 cortical activity in mice learning whisker-based texture discrimination in the dark. Even before mice reach learning threshold, association cortex—including rostro-lateral (RL), posteromedial (PM), and retrosplenial dorsal (RD) areas—is generally suppressed early during trials (between auditory start cue and whisker-texture touch). As learning proceeds, a spatiotemporal activation sequence builds up, spreading from auditory areas to RL immediately before texture touch (whereas PM and RD remain suppressed) and continuing into barrel cortex, which eventually efficiently discriminates between textures. Additional correlation analysis substantiates this diverging learning-related refinement within association cortex. Our results indicate that a pre-learning phase of general suppression in association cortex precedes a learning-related phase of task-specific signal flow enhancement. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
225407 | Fiscal consolidation, unemployment and labour mobility in the euro area | In the aftermath of the crisis, unfavourable socio-economic conditions with high unemployment, steep decreases in salaries and welfare allowances, and deterioration in career prospects have triggered intensified labour mobility, with a direction from the so-called Peripheral countries to the Core of the euro area. Primarily due to the surge in immigration from its EU partners, Germany is now the second largest immigration country in the industrialised world, after the U.S. Fiscal consolidation policies that aim to reduce deficit levels and typically involve tax hikes and cuts in government spending have also contributed to these migration outflows from crisis-hit countries. Notably, in countries with a sizeable public sector, like Greece and Spain, cuts and restrictions in new recruitments of public employees have further motivated the decision to move abroad. The aim of this research is to theoretically study the macroeconomic links between unemployment, fiscal consolidation, and labour mobility in a monetary union. To this end, I will introduce endogenous migration decisions both for the unemployed and the employed household members in a two-country Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model of a monetary union with search and matching frictions, in which the Periphery implements fiscal consolidation through spending cuts or tax hikes. Existing studies in the fiscal consolidation literature consider an immobile labour force and, therefore, the migration channel has not yet been investigated in this context. This project aims to fill this gap and inform policymakers by comparing different fiscal consolidation instruments: (a) labour income tax hikes, (b) public consumption spending cuts, (c) unemployment benefits cuts, and (d) public sector wage bill cuts. Through the lens of the model, I will also perform a systematic comparison of the implications for different euro area Peripheral economies, which have implemented a different policy mix in the recent years. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1128/AEM.01445-13 | Investigation Of Malic Acid Production In Aspergillus Oryzae Under Nitrogen Starvation Conditions | Malic acid has great potential for replacing petrochemical building blocks in the future. For this application, high yields, rates, and titers are essential in order to sustain a viable biotechnological production process. Natural high-capacity malic acid producers like the malic acid producer Aspergillus flavus have so far been disqualified because of special growth requirements or the production of mycotoxins. As A. oryzae is a very close relative or even an ecotype of A. flavus, it is likely that its high malic acid production capabilities with a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status may be combined with already existing large-scale fermentation experience. In order to verify the malic acid production potential, two wild-type strains, NRRL3485 and NRRL3488, were compared in shake flasks. As NRRL3488 showed a volumetric production rate twice as high as that of NRRL3485, this strain was selected for further investigation of the influence of two different nitrogen sources on malic acid secretion. The cultivation in lab-scale fermentors resulted in a higher final titer, 30. 27 +/- 1. 05 g liter(-1), using peptone than the one of 22. 27 +/- 0. 46 g liter(-1) obtained when ammonium was used. Through transcriptome analysis, a binding site similar to the one of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast transcription factor Msn2/4 was identified in the upstream regions of glycolytic genes and the cytosolic malic acid production pathway from pyruvate via oxaloacetate to malate, which suggests that malic acid production is a stress response. Furthermore, the pyruvate carboxylase reaction was identified as a target for metabolic engineering, after it was confirmed to be transcriptionally regulated through the correlation of intracellular fluxes and transcriptional changes. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104435 | Challenging the challenge hypothesis on testosterone in fathers: Limited meta-analytic support | In fathers testosterone levels are suggested to decrease in the context of caregiving, but results seem inconsistent. In a meta-analysis including 50 study outcomes with N = 7,080 male participants we distinguished three domains of research, relating testosterone levels to parental status (Hedges’ g = 0. 22, 95% CI: 0. 09 to 0. 35; N = 4,150), parenting quality (Hedges’ g = 0. 14, 95% CI: 0. 03 to 0. 24; N = 2,164), and reactivity after exposure to child stimuli (Hedges’ g = 0. 19, 95% CI: -0. 03 to 0. 42; N = 766). The sets of study outcomes on reactivity and on parenting quality were both homogeneous. Parental status and (higher) parenting quality were related to lower levels of testosterone, but according to conventional criteria combined effect sizes were small. Moderators did not significantly modify combined effect sizes. Results suggest that publication bias might have inflated the meta-analytic results, and the large effects of pioneering but small and underpowered studies in the domains of males’ parental status and parenting quality have not been consistently replicated. Large studies with sufficient statistical power to detect small testosterone effects and, in particular, the moderating effects of the interplay with other endocrine systems and with contextual determinants are required. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1021/acsomega.9b03819 | Freezing-Induced Loading of TiO<inf>2</inf> into Porous Vaterite Microparticles: Preparation of CaCO<inf>3</inf>/TiO<inf>2</inf> Composites as Templates to Assemble UV-Responsive Microcapsules for Wastewater Treatment | The photocatalytic degradation of organic molecules is one of the effective ways for water purification. At this point, photocatalytic microreactor systems seem to be promising to enhance the versatility of the photoassisted degradation approach. Herein, we propose photoresponsive microcapsules prepared via layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes on the novel CaCO3/TiO2 composite template cores. The preparation of CaCO3/TiO2 composite particles is challenging because of the poor compatibility of TiO2 and CaCO3 in an aqueous medium. To prepare stable CaCO3/TiO2 composites, TiO2 nanoparticles were loaded into mesoporous CaCO3 microparticles with a freezing-induced loading technique. The inclusion of TiO2 nanoparticles into CaCO3 templates was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis with respect to their type, concentration, and number of loading iterations. Upon polyelectrolyte shell assembly, the CaCO3 matrix was dissolved, resulting in microreactor capsules loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles. The photoresponsive properties of the resulted capsules were tested by photoinduced degradation of the low-molecule dye rhodamine B in aqueous solution and fluorescently labeled polymer molecules absorbed on the capsule surface under UV light. The exposure of the capsules to UV light resulted in a pronounced degradation of rhodamine B in capsule microvolume and fluorescent molecules on the capsule surface. Finally, the versatility of preparation of multifunctional photocatalytic and magnetically responsive capsules was demonstrated by iterative freezing-induced loading of TiO2 and magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles into CaCO3 templates. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W3103571367 | NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE LONGITUDINALLY ASYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES IN THE HELIOSPHERE | Solar energetic particles (SEPs) affect the solar-terrestrial space environment and become a very important aspect in space weather research. In this work, we numerically investigate the transport processes of SEPs in three-dimensional interplanetary magnetic field, with an emphasis on the longitudinal distribution of SEPs in the heliosphere. We confirm our previous finding that there exists an east-west longitudinal asymmetry in the SEP intensities, i.e., with the same longitude separations between the solar source centers and the magnetic footpoint of the observer, the fluxes of SEP events originating from solar sources located on the eastern side of the nominal magnetic footpoint of the observer are systematically larger than those of the SEP events originating from sources located on the western side. We discuss the formation mechanism of this phenomenon, and conclude that the longitudinally asymmetric distribution of SEPs results from the east-west azimuthal asymmetry in the topology of the heliospheric magnetic field as well as the effects of perpendicular diffusion on the transport of SEPs in the heliosphere. Our results will be valuable to understanding Sun-Earth relations and useful for space weather forecasting. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
Q4934961 | (11429.27102016.098000966) D&L INNOVATION | IL PROGETTO PREVEDE:- CREAZIONE ED IMPLEMENTAZIONE DI UN SGQ CERTIFICATO ISO 9001 PER - CONSENTIRE ALL?IMPRESA DI PARTECIPARE A GARE APPALTO PUBBLICHE, MIGLIORARE LA PERCEZIONE DA PARTE DI COMMITTENTI PI? STRUTTURATI DI NATURA PRIVATA E MIGLIORARE L?EFFICIENZA DELL?ORGANIZZAZIONE E DEI PROCESSI AZIENDALI- IMPLEMENTAZIONE DI UNA PIATTAFORMA MULTICANALE PER MIGLIORARE LA PRESENZA SUL MERCATO SIA NEI SEGMENTI ATTUALI CHE IN NUOVI SEGMENTI DI CLIENTELA E PER MIGLIORARE I PROCESSI DI PROGRAMMAZIONE DEI SERVIZI E DI ALLOCAZIONE RISORSE INTERNE ATTRAVERSO UN SISTEMA DI PRENOTAZIONE ON LINE E MIGLIORE | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
DE 9700535 W | CLOSING-EDGE-TYPE FUSE | The invention concerns a closing-edge-type fuse with a safety strip (1) which comprises an electric switch device and consists of a plurality of contact elements (2, 2a) which are disposed in a row in a resilient tube (3). In the rest position, under the effect of resilient prestress, the contact elements (2, 2a) abut one another at contact points provided at the end face. Under the effect of an external force when the tube (3) is deformed, the contact elements (2, 2a) are moved apart, breaking the contact. A resilient contact element bed (4, 4a), which is adapted to the shape of the contact elements (2, 2a) and accommodates each of the contact elements individually, is provided in the resilient tube (3). | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2343353834 | Disappearing Byzantine Heritage: The Case of the Medieval Church at Boiana | The Church of Saints Nicholas and Panteleemon in the Sofia suburb of Boiana, one of the best-known medieval monuments in Bulgaria, has been the subject of shifting interpretations reflecting the politics of heritage. The church’s thirteenth-century frescoes have been utilized in the discourse of Bulgarian political elites since the rise of the Bulgarian nation state in the late nineteenth century. This article reviews that discursive history and ties the most recent interpretations of the monument to forces of globalization and to Bulgaria’s recent entry in the supranational European Union. Considering discussions of the relative adherence of the church’s architecture and monumental fresco program to Byzantine models in the context of the complex attitudes towards Hellenism in present-day Bulgaria, this article outlines possible reasons why the frescoes at Boiana have been seen as the unique product of a native Bulgarian genius rather than of a multilingual and probably multiethnic team of artists who were familiar with and painted in the highly prestigious Byzantine visual koine. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1186/gb-2014-15-4-r56 | Hypermethylation in the ZBTB20 gene is associated with major depressive disorder | Background: Although genetic variation is believed to contribute to an individual's susceptibility to major depressive disorder, genome-wide association studies have not yet identified associations that could explain the full etiology of the disease. Epigenetics is increasingly believed to play a major role in the development of common clinical phenotypes, including major depressive disorder. Results: Genome-wide MeDIP-Sequencing was carried out on a total of 50 monozygotic twin pairs from the UK and Australia that are discordant for depression. We show that major depressive disorder is associated with significant hypermethylation within the coding region of ZBTB20, and is replicated in an independent cohort of 356 unrelated case-control individuals. The twins with major depressive disorder also show increased global variation in methylation in comparison with their unaffected co-twins. ZBTB20 plays an essential role in the specification of the Cornu Ammonis-1 field identity in the developing hippocampus, a region previously implicated in the development of major depressive disorder. Conclusions: Our results suggest that aberrant methylation profiles affecting the hippocampus are associated with major depressive disorder and show the potential of the epigenetic twin model in neuro-psychiatric disease. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1093/gji/ggs034 | Noise directivity and group velocity tomography in a region with small velocity contrasts: The northern Baltic shield | Ambient noise tomography (ANT) is widely used to image strong velocity variations within the upper crust. Using careful processing, we obtained a 3-D model of shear velocities in the upper crust beneath northern Finland, where the lateral velocity variations are less than 3 per cent. As part of the tomography, the noise field is analysed. It is strongly heterogeneous but the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficient to obtain stable dispersion curves for all profile azimuths. Our results show that the directions of dominant noise sources of Rayleigh and Love waves are the same, but the amplitude distribution with azimuth is different for the two types of waves. More intriguingly, the high frequency Love waves are dominated by a mixture of higher modes rather than the fundamental mode. The reconstructed 3-D model shows the Lapland Granulite Belt as a high velocity body with a limit at surface in excellent agreement with geological observations at surface. Following this interface at depth, our results are compatible with previous studies suggesting an Archean north oriented subduction. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W594053189 | Menstruation and the Female Body in Early Modern England | 1. Introduction: 'Those Sweet and Benign Humours that Nature Sends Monthly': Reading Menstruation and Vaginal Bleeding. 2. What a small Excess is called Flooding': The Language of Menstruation and Transitional Bleedings. 3. Having the Benefit of Nature': Menarche and Female Adolescence. 4. 'Full sixteen and never yet had those': Representations of Early or Delayed Menarche 5. 'Women's Monthly Sickness': Accounting for Menstruation 6. 'Wearing of the Double Clout': Dealing with Menstrual Flow in Practice and in Religious Doctrine. 7. 'The Flower of Virginity': Hymenal Bleeding and Becoming a Woman. 8. The 'Cleansing of the Flowers after the Birth': Managing Pregnancy and Post-Partum Bleeding. 9. 'Women Grieve to Thinke they Must be Old': Representations of Menopause. 10. Conclusion | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-017-00718-x | A general mechanism of ribosome dimerization revealed by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy | Bacteria downregulate their ribosomal activity through dimerization of 70S ribosomes, yielding inactive 100S complexes. In Escherichia coli, dimerization is mediated by the hibernation promotion factor (HPF) and ribosome modulation factor. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy study on 100S ribosomes from Lactococcus lactis and a dimerization mechanism involving a single protein: HPFlong. The N-terminal domain of HPFlong binds at the same site as HPF in Escherichia coli 100S ribosomes. Contrary to ribosome modulation factor, the C-terminal domain of HPFlong binds exactly at the dimer interface. Furthermore, ribosomes from Lactococcus lactis do not undergo conformational changes in the 30S head domains upon binding of HPFlong, and the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and mRNA entrance tunnel remain accessible. Ribosome activity is blocked by HPFlong due to the inhibition of mRNA recognition by the platform binding center. Phylogenetic analysis of HPF proteins suggests that HPFlong-mediated dimerization is a widespread mechanism of ribosome hibernation in bacteria. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1002/pmic.201400187 | Proteomics and circadian rhythms: It's all about signaling! | Proteomic technologies using MS offer new perspectives in circadian biology, in particular the possibility to study PTMs. To date, only very few studies have been carried out to decipher the rhythmicity of protein expression in mammals with large-scale proteomics. Although signaling has been shown to be of high relevance, comprehensive characterization studies of PTMs are even more rare. This review aims at describing the actual landscape of circadian proteomics and the opportunities and challenges appearing on the horizon. Emphasis was given to signaling processes for their role in metabolic health as regulated by circadian clocks and environmental factors. Those signaling processes are expected to be better and more deeply characterized in the coming years with proteomics. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/srep33170 | The infectious particle of insect-borne totivirus-like Omono River virus has raised ridges and lacks fibre complexes | Omono River virus (OmRV) is a double-stranded RNA virus isolated from Culex mosquitos, and it belongs to a group of unassigned insect viruses that appear to be related to Totiviridae. This paper describes electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) structures for the intact OmRV virion to 8. 9 Å resolution and the structure of the empty virus-like-particle, that lacks RNA, to 8. 3 Å resolution. The icosahedral capsid contains 120-subunits and resembles another closely related arthropod-borne totivirus-like virus, the infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) from shrimps. Both viruses have an elevated plateau around their icosahedral 5-fold axes, surrounded by a deep canyon. Sequence and structural analysis suggests that this plateau region is mainly composed of the extended C-terminal region of the capsid proteins. In contrast to IMNV, the infectious form of OmRV lacks extensive fibre complexes at its 5-fold axes as directly confirmed by a contrast-enhancement technique, using Zernike phase-contrast cryo-EM. Instead, these fibre complexes are replaced by a short "plug" structure at the five-fold axes of OmRV. OmRV and IMNV have acquired an extracellular phase, and the structures at the five-fold axes may be significant in adaptation to cell-to-cell transmission in metazoan hosts. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1002/smll.201701274 | Forced- and Self-Rotation of Magnetic Nanorods Assembly at the Cell Membrane: A Biomagnetic Torsion Pendulum | In order to provide insight into how anisotropic nano-objects interact with living cell membranes, and possibly self-assemble, magnetic nanorods with an average size of around 100 nm × 1 µm are designed by assembling iron oxide nanocubes within a polymeric matrix under a magnetic field. The nano–bio interface at the cell membrane under the influence of a rotating magnetic field is then explored. A complex structuration of the nanorods intertwined with the membranes is observed. Unexpectedly, after a magnetic rotating stimulation, the resulting macrorods are able to rotate freely for multiple rotations, revealing the creation of a biomagnetic torsion pendulum. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.102.104503 | Thermally pumped on-chip maser | We present a theoretical model of an on-chip three-level maser in a superconducting circuit based on a single artificial atom and pumped by a temperature gradient between thermal baths coupled to different interlevel transitions. We show that maser powers of the order of a few femtowatts, well exceeding the resolution of the sensitive bolometry, can be achieved with typical circuit parameters. We also demonstrate that population inversion in the artificial atom can be detected without measuring coherent radiation output of the maser. For that purpose, the system should operate as a three-terminal heat transport device. The hallmark of population inversion is the influx of heat power into the weakly coupled output terminal even though its temperature exceeds the temperatures of the two other terminals. The proposed method of on-chip conversion of heat into microwave radiation and control of energy-level populations by heating provide additional useful tools for circuit quantum electrodynamics experiments. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
307948 | Nature-Inspired Gold Catalytic Tools | The study of biologically relevant processes heavily relays on “small molecules”. Thus, the demand for novel chemical probes is of highest importance not only for chemistry, but also for closely related disciplines such as biology, medicine or material science. As the construction of complex molecular architectures from chemical building blocks still remains a far-from-routine task, the development of methodologies to increase the control over chemical reactivity and achieve molecular complexity with higher levels of efficiency has become one of the frontier challenges of chemistry in the 21st century.
NIGOCAT aims to substantially contribute towards this goal. The general objective of this proposal is the design, synthesis and application in catalysis of novel, nature-inspired gold(I) and gold(III)-catalytic tools able to mimic nature´s efficiency and exquisite taste for the synthesis and stereoselective functionalization of “small molecules”. The proposed research tackles three main challenges faced by current synthetic methods: 1. Efficient generation of structural complexity; 2. Selective C-H bond functionalization; 3. High levels of stereocontrol in asymmetric catalysis.
We aim to streamline the construction of molecular complexity based on modular, unprecedented multi-center gold factories. Our hypothesis is that the assembly of different reactive sites within a single catalyst will provide an increased level of efficiency in gold-orchestrated catalytic cascades from simple starting materials, thus mimicking the way nature assembles its complex primary metabolites. Second, we aim to tackle the flexible, selective functionalization of C-H bonds using novel metaloenzyme-inspired ligands on gold. Third, we aim to develop novel gold peptide-based catalytic systems as general tools able to provide high levels of absolute stereocontrol in gold catalysis. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/s41586-019-1471-1 | Locally renewing resident synovial macrophages provide a protective barrier for the joint | Macrophages are considered to contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis1. However, both the exact origin and the role of macrophages in inflammatory joint disease remain unclear. Here we use fate-mapping approaches in conjunction with three-dimensional light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and single-cell RNA sequencing to perform a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of the composition, origin and differentiation of subsets of macrophages within healthy and inflamed joints, and study the roles of these macrophages during arthritis. We find that dynamic membrane-like structures, consisting of a distinct population of CX3CR1+ tissue-resident macrophages, form an internal immunological barrier at the synovial lining and physically seclude the joint. These barrier-forming macrophages display features that are otherwise typical of epithelial cells, and maintain their numbers through a pool of locally proliferating CX3CR1− mononuclear cells that are embedded into the synovial tissue. Unlike recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, which actively contribute to joint inflammation, these epithelial-like CX3CR1+ lining macrophages restrict the inflammatory reaction by providing a tight-junction-mediated shield for intra-articular structures. Our data reveal an unexpected functional diversification among synovial macrophages and have important implications for the general role of macrophages in health and disease. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1016/bs.mcb.2014.12.012 | Analysis of primary cilia in the developing mouse brain | Stem and progenitor cells in the developing mammalian brain are highly polarized cells that carry a primary cilium protruding into the brain ventricles. Here, cilia detect signals present in the cerebrospinal fluid that fills the ventricles. Recently, striking observations have been made regarding the dynamics of primary cilia in mitosis and cilium reformation after cell division. In neural progenitors, primary cilia are not completely disassembled during cell division, and some ciliary membrane remnant can be inherited by one daughter cell that tends to maintain a progenitor fate. Furthermore, newborn differentiating cells grow a primary cilium on their basolateral plasma membrane, in spite of them possessing apical membrane and adherens junctions, and thus change the environment to which the primary cilium is exposed. These phenomena are proposed to be involved in cell fate determination and delamination of daughter cells in conjunction with the production of neurons. Here, we describe several methods that can be used to study the structure, localization, and dynamics of primary cilia in the developing mouse brain; these include time-lapse imaging of live mouse embryonic brain tissues, and analysis of primary cilia structure and localization using correlative light- and electron- and serial-block-face scanning electron microscopy. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
W1978319806 | Thrombocytopenia as a predictor of severe acute kidney injury in patients with heat stroke | Abnormalities of blood system often occur several days before acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with heat stroke (HS). We aimed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of the early hematological markers in patients with AKI induced by HS.In a retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the case records of 176 patients with HS and evaluated the hematological markers for early prediction and risk classification in the patients with AKI.Of 176, 103 (58%) HS cases developed AKI, and men comprised more than half (75%) of the sample population. The nadir platelet count significantly correlated with the levels of peak serum creatinine (r = -0.608, p < 0.01) and blood urea nitrogen (r = -0.546, p < 0.01), and the length of hospital stay (r = -0.393, p < 0.01). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AU-ROC) indicated the prognostic accuracy of hematological markers, AU-ROC was significantly higher with the nadir platelet count than that with the admission platelet count (AU-ROC of the nadir platelet: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.67-0.82; vs. AU-ROC of the admission platelet: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.59-0.75; p < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression results indicated that the nadir platelet count (adjusted ORs: 37.92; 95% CI: 2.18-87.21; p < 0.01) was independent predictor of AKI in HS.The high mortality observed in HS complicated with AKI, and among the various hematological parameters assessed, thrombocytopenia is associated with AKI induced by HS independently. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1177/0272431618791278 | Double Standards Or Social Identity The Role Of Gender And Ethnicity In Ability Perceptions In The Classroom | This study aims at disentangling the effects of status generalization and social identity processes on ability perceptions among early adolescents. Double standards theory predicts that people use . . . | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
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