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348,900 | 16,806,424 | 3,663 | A package that is configured to store and dispense fluids. The package includes a container and a dosing dispenser for closing an opening to the container. The dosing dispenser includes a closure removably coupled to the container and an anti-suction valve fixed to the container that is configured to minimize formation of a complete seal between a user's mouth and an upper surface of the anti-suction valve so that sufficient suction to remove fluid from the container is blocked. | 1. A package comprising a container formed to include an interior product-storage region and including a body and a filler neck coupled to the body, the filler neck being formed to include a mouth arranged to open into the interior product-storage region, and
a dosing dispenser configured to mount to the filler neck of the container to control release of product from the interior product-storage region to a syringe, wherein the dosing dispenser includes a closure coupled removably to the filler neck and an anti-suction valve fixed to the filler neck, the closure including an inner cap configured to mount to the filler neck and an outer cap coupled to the inner cap, the outer cap being rotatable relative to the inner cap in a child-resistant locked position, the closure being configured to change from the locked position to an unlocked position in response to an unlocking force applied on the outer cap to cause the inner cap to rotate with the outer cap to remove the closure from the filler neck, and wherein the anti-suction valve is mounted to the filler neck to cover the mouth and includes a lower surface located below the mouth between the body and the mouth, an upper surface located at or above the mouth, and a fluid passageway that extends from the upper surface to the lower surface to open into the interior product-storage region, the anti-suction valve formed to include a plurality of airflow recesses that are arranged to extend between the lower surface and the upper surface and are configured to minimize formation of a complete seal between a child's mouth and the upper surface so that sufficient suction to remove fluid through the fluid passageway is blocked. 2. The package of claim 1, wherein the anti-suction valve includes an outer ring engaged with the filler neck, an inner ring defining the fluid passageway and a plurality of ribs that extend radially from the central axis to interconnect the inner ring and the outer ring, the plurality of ribs spaced apart circumferentially from one another to provide the plurality of airflow recesses therebetween. 3. The package of claim 2, wherein the outer ring includes an outer ring rim that extends circumferentially around a perimeter of the mouth, an outer ring floor that provides the lower surface of the anti-suction valve and is coupled to the inner ring, and an outer ring body that extends between the outer ring rim and the outer ring floor and engages the filler neck to retain the anti-suction valve to the filler neck, the outer ring rim formed to include a first plurality of channels that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and that extend from an inner edge of the outer ring rim that bounds the plurality of airflow recesses toward an outer edge of the outer ring rim. 4. The package of claim 3, wherein the outer ring rim is formed to include a second plurality of channels that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and that extend from the outer edge of the outer ring rim toward the inner edge of the outer ring rim. 5. The package of claim 4, wherein the filler neck has an outer surface that is formed to include a plurality of axially-extending slots relative to the central axis and at least one of the slots included in the second plurality of channels formed in the outer ring rim is aligned with one of the axially extending slots. 6. The package of claim 3, wherein the inner ring includes an inner ring rim defining an inlet aperture that opens into the fluid passageway and is adapted to receive a syringe and an inner ring body that extends between the inner ring rim and the outer ring floor, the inner ring rim formed to include a plurality of slots that are spaced apart from one another circumferentially around the inner ring rim, the plurality of slots extending radially from the fluid passageway to an outer surface of the inner ring body. 7. The package of claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of ribs is aligned with a corresponding one of the plurality of slots formed in the inner ring rim. 8. The package of claim 6, wherein the outer ring rim and the inner ring rim each have an upper surface that this located above an upper surface of each of the plurality of ribs. 9. The package of claim 1, wherein the inner cap includes an inner top wall, an inner side wall that extends downwardly from the inner top wall and that extends circumferentially around a central axis, and a plurality of engagement ridges coupled to an upper surface of the inner top wall and that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and the outer cap includes an outer top wall, an outer side wall that extends downwardly from the outer top wall and that extends circumferentially around the central axis, and a plurality of engagement tabs coupled to a lower surface of the outer top wall, the outer cap being movable upwardly and downwardly relative to the inner cap to change the closure from the locked position to the unlocked position, in which the outer top wall of the outer cap is moved toward the inner top wall of the inner cap and the plurality of engagement tabs are interlocked with the plurality of engagement ridges so that the inner cap rotates about the central axis with the outer cap. 10. A package comprising
a container including a body and a filler neck coupled to the body and being formed to include a mouth that opens into an interior product-storage region defined by the body, a closure configured to mount to the filler neck of the container to block access to the interior product storage region, and an anti-suction valve mounted to the filler neck to restrict access to the mouth, the anti-suction valve including a lower surface arranged below the mouth, an upper surface arranged at or above the mouth and a fluid passageway extending from the upper surface and opening into the interior product-storage region, the anti-suction valve formed to provide a plurality of airflow recesses between the lower surface and the upper surface that are configured to minimize formation of a complete seal between a user's mouth and the upper surface so that sufficient suction is blocked that would remove fluid through the fluid passageway. 11. The package of claim 10, wherein the anti-suction valve includes an outer ring engaged with the filler neck, an inner ring defining the fluid passageway and a plurality of ribs that extend radially from the central axis to interconnect the inner ring and the outer ring, the plurality of ribs spaced apart circumferentially from one another to provide the plurality of airflow recesses therebetween. 12. The package of claim 11, wherein the outer ring includes an outer ring rim that extends circumferentially around a perimeter of the mouth, an outer ring floor that provides the lower surface of the anti-suction valve and is coupled to the inner ring, and an outer ring body that extends between the outer ring rim and the outer ring floor and engages the filler neck to retain the anti-suction valve to the filler neck, the outer ring rim formed to include a first plurality of channels that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and that extend from an inner edge of the outer ring rim that bounds the plurality of airflow recesses toward an outer edge of the outer ring rim. 13. The package of claim 12, wherein the outer ring rim is formed to include a second plurality of channels that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and that extend from the outer edge of the outer ring rim toward the inner edge of the outer ring rim. 14. The package of claim 13, wherein the filler neck has an outer surface that is formed to include a plurality of axially-extending slots relative to the central axis and at least one of the slots included in the second plurality of channels formed in the outer ring rim is aligned with one of the axially-extending slots. 15. The package of claim 12, wherein the inner ring includes an inner ring rim defining an inlet aperture that opens into the fluid passageway and is adapted to receive a syringe and an inner ring body that extends between the inner ring rim and the outer ring floor, and wherein the inner ring rim is formed to include a plurality of slots that are spaced apart from one another circumferentially around the inner ring rim, the plurality of slots extending radially from the fluid passageway to an outer surface of the inner ring body. 16. The package of claim 15, wherein the outer ring rim and the inner ring rim each have an upper surface that this located above an upper surface of each of the plurality of ribs. 17. The package of claim 10, wherein the closure includes an inner cap configured to mount to the filler neck and an outer cap defining an interior region that receives the inner cap and cooperates with the inner cap to provide a child-resistant closure configured to block access to the interior product storage region until an unlocking force is applied on the outer cap to allow for removal of the closure from the filler neck. 18. The package of claim 17, wherein the inner cap includes an inner top wall, an inner side wall that extends downwardly from the inner top wall and that extends circumferentially around a central axis, and a plurality of engagement ridges coupled to an upper surface of the inner top wall and that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and the outer cap includes an outer top wall, an outer side wall that extends downwardly from the outer top wall and that extends circumferentially around the central axis, and a plurality of engagement tabs coupled to a lower surface of the outer top wall, the outer cap being movable upwardly and downwardly relative to the inner cap to change the closure from a locked position in which the outer cap is rotatable about the central axis relative to the inner cap, and an unlocked position, in which the outer top wall of the outer cap is moved toward the inner top wall of the inner cap and the plurality of engagement tabs are interlocked with the plurality of engagement ridges so that the inner cap rotates about the central axis with the outer cap. 19. An anti-suction valve for a child-resistant container, the anti-suction valve comprising
an outer ring that extends circumferentially around a central axis and is configured to engage a filler neck of the container, an inner ring spaced radially inward from the outer ring relative to the central axis, the inner ring defining a fluid passageway that extends from a first end of the anti-suction valve to a second end of the anti-suction valve, and a plurality of ribs that extend radially away from the inner ring toward the outer ring relative to the central axis to interconnect the inner ring and the outer ring, wherein the plurality of ribs provide a plurality of airflow recesses that are arranged to extend from the first end toward the second end and are configured to minimize formation of a complete seal between a child's mouth and surfaces of the anti-suction valve at the first end so that sufficient suction to remove fluid through the fluid passageway is blocked, the plurality of ribs spaced apart circumferentially from one another to provide the plurality of airflow recesses therebetween. 20. The package of claim 19, wherein the outer ring includes an outer ring rim that extends circumferentially around a perimeter of the mouth, an outer ring floor that provides a lower surface of the anti-suction valve and is coupled to the inner ring, and an outer ring body that extends between the outer ring rim and the outer ring floor and engages the filler neck to retain the anti-suction valve to the filler neck, the inner ring including an inner ring rim defining an inlet aperture that opens into the fluid passageway and is adapted to receive a syringe and an inner ring body that extends between the inner ring rim and the outer ring floor, the inner ring rim formed to include a plurality of slots that are spaced apart from one another circumferentially around the inner ring rim. | A package that is configured to store and dispense fluids. The package includes a container and a dosing dispenser for closing an opening to the container. The dosing dispenser includes a closure removably coupled to the container and an anti-suction valve fixed to the container that is configured to minimize formation of a complete seal between a user's mouth and an upper surface of the anti-suction valve so that sufficient suction to remove fluid from the container is blocked.1. A package comprising a container formed to include an interior product-storage region and including a body and a filler neck coupled to the body, the filler neck being formed to include a mouth arranged to open into the interior product-storage region, and
a dosing dispenser configured to mount to the filler neck of the container to control release of product from the interior product-storage region to a syringe, wherein the dosing dispenser includes a closure coupled removably to the filler neck and an anti-suction valve fixed to the filler neck, the closure including an inner cap configured to mount to the filler neck and an outer cap coupled to the inner cap, the outer cap being rotatable relative to the inner cap in a child-resistant locked position, the closure being configured to change from the locked position to an unlocked position in response to an unlocking force applied on the outer cap to cause the inner cap to rotate with the outer cap to remove the closure from the filler neck, and wherein the anti-suction valve is mounted to the filler neck to cover the mouth and includes a lower surface located below the mouth between the body and the mouth, an upper surface located at or above the mouth, and a fluid passageway that extends from the upper surface to the lower surface to open into the interior product-storage region, the anti-suction valve formed to include a plurality of airflow recesses that are arranged to extend between the lower surface and the upper surface and are configured to minimize formation of a complete seal between a child's mouth and the upper surface so that sufficient suction to remove fluid through the fluid passageway is blocked. 2. The package of claim 1, wherein the anti-suction valve includes an outer ring engaged with the filler neck, an inner ring defining the fluid passageway and a plurality of ribs that extend radially from the central axis to interconnect the inner ring and the outer ring, the plurality of ribs spaced apart circumferentially from one another to provide the plurality of airflow recesses therebetween. 3. The package of claim 2, wherein the outer ring includes an outer ring rim that extends circumferentially around a perimeter of the mouth, an outer ring floor that provides the lower surface of the anti-suction valve and is coupled to the inner ring, and an outer ring body that extends between the outer ring rim and the outer ring floor and engages the filler neck to retain the anti-suction valve to the filler neck, the outer ring rim formed to include a first plurality of channels that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and that extend from an inner edge of the outer ring rim that bounds the plurality of airflow recesses toward an outer edge of the outer ring rim. 4. The package of claim 3, wherein the outer ring rim is formed to include a second plurality of channels that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and that extend from the outer edge of the outer ring rim toward the inner edge of the outer ring rim. 5. The package of claim 4, wherein the filler neck has an outer surface that is formed to include a plurality of axially-extending slots relative to the central axis and at least one of the slots included in the second plurality of channels formed in the outer ring rim is aligned with one of the axially extending slots. 6. The package of claim 3, wherein the inner ring includes an inner ring rim defining an inlet aperture that opens into the fluid passageway and is adapted to receive a syringe and an inner ring body that extends between the inner ring rim and the outer ring floor, the inner ring rim formed to include a plurality of slots that are spaced apart from one another circumferentially around the inner ring rim, the plurality of slots extending radially from the fluid passageway to an outer surface of the inner ring body. 7. The package of claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of ribs is aligned with a corresponding one of the plurality of slots formed in the inner ring rim. 8. The package of claim 6, wherein the outer ring rim and the inner ring rim each have an upper surface that this located above an upper surface of each of the plurality of ribs. 9. The package of claim 1, wherein the inner cap includes an inner top wall, an inner side wall that extends downwardly from the inner top wall and that extends circumferentially around a central axis, and a plurality of engagement ridges coupled to an upper surface of the inner top wall and that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and the outer cap includes an outer top wall, an outer side wall that extends downwardly from the outer top wall and that extends circumferentially around the central axis, and a plurality of engagement tabs coupled to a lower surface of the outer top wall, the outer cap being movable upwardly and downwardly relative to the inner cap to change the closure from the locked position to the unlocked position, in which the outer top wall of the outer cap is moved toward the inner top wall of the inner cap and the plurality of engagement tabs are interlocked with the plurality of engagement ridges so that the inner cap rotates about the central axis with the outer cap. 10. A package comprising
a container including a body and a filler neck coupled to the body and being formed to include a mouth that opens into an interior product-storage region defined by the body, a closure configured to mount to the filler neck of the container to block access to the interior product storage region, and an anti-suction valve mounted to the filler neck to restrict access to the mouth, the anti-suction valve including a lower surface arranged below the mouth, an upper surface arranged at or above the mouth and a fluid passageway extending from the upper surface and opening into the interior product-storage region, the anti-suction valve formed to provide a plurality of airflow recesses between the lower surface and the upper surface that are configured to minimize formation of a complete seal between a user's mouth and the upper surface so that sufficient suction is blocked that would remove fluid through the fluid passageway. 11. The package of claim 10, wherein the anti-suction valve includes an outer ring engaged with the filler neck, an inner ring defining the fluid passageway and a plurality of ribs that extend radially from the central axis to interconnect the inner ring and the outer ring, the plurality of ribs spaced apart circumferentially from one another to provide the plurality of airflow recesses therebetween. 12. The package of claim 11, wherein the outer ring includes an outer ring rim that extends circumferentially around a perimeter of the mouth, an outer ring floor that provides the lower surface of the anti-suction valve and is coupled to the inner ring, and an outer ring body that extends between the outer ring rim and the outer ring floor and engages the filler neck to retain the anti-suction valve to the filler neck, the outer ring rim formed to include a first plurality of channels that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and that extend from an inner edge of the outer ring rim that bounds the plurality of airflow recesses toward an outer edge of the outer ring rim. 13. The package of claim 12, wherein the outer ring rim is formed to include a second plurality of channels that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and that extend from the outer edge of the outer ring rim toward the inner edge of the outer ring rim. 14. The package of claim 13, wherein the filler neck has an outer surface that is formed to include a plurality of axially-extending slots relative to the central axis and at least one of the slots included in the second plurality of channels formed in the outer ring rim is aligned with one of the axially-extending slots. 15. The package of claim 12, wherein the inner ring includes an inner ring rim defining an inlet aperture that opens into the fluid passageway and is adapted to receive a syringe and an inner ring body that extends between the inner ring rim and the outer ring floor, and wherein the inner ring rim is formed to include a plurality of slots that are spaced apart from one another circumferentially around the inner ring rim, the plurality of slots extending radially from the fluid passageway to an outer surface of the inner ring body. 16. The package of claim 15, wherein the outer ring rim and the inner ring rim each have an upper surface that this located above an upper surface of each of the plurality of ribs. 17. The package of claim 10, wherein the closure includes an inner cap configured to mount to the filler neck and an outer cap defining an interior region that receives the inner cap and cooperates with the inner cap to provide a child-resistant closure configured to block access to the interior product storage region until an unlocking force is applied on the outer cap to allow for removal of the closure from the filler neck. 18. The package of claim 17, wherein the inner cap includes an inner top wall, an inner side wall that extends downwardly from the inner top wall and that extends circumferentially around a central axis, and a plurality of engagement ridges coupled to an upper surface of the inner top wall and that are spaced circumferentially around the central axis and the outer cap includes an outer top wall, an outer side wall that extends downwardly from the outer top wall and that extends circumferentially around the central axis, and a plurality of engagement tabs coupled to a lower surface of the outer top wall, the outer cap being movable upwardly and downwardly relative to the inner cap to change the closure from a locked position in which the outer cap is rotatable about the central axis relative to the inner cap, and an unlocked position, in which the outer top wall of the outer cap is moved toward the inner top wall of the inner cap and the plurality of engagement tabs are interlocked with the plurality of engagement ridges so that the inner cap rotates about the central axis with the outer cap. 19. An anti-suction valve for a child-resistant container, the anti-suction valve comprising
an outer ring that extends circumferentially around a central axis and is configured to engage a filler neck of the container, an inner ring spaced radially inward from the outer ring relative to the central axis, the inner ring defining a fluid passageway that extends from a first end of the anti-suction valve to a second end of the anti-suction valve, and a plurality of ribs that extend radially away from the inner ring toward the outer ring relative to the central axis to interconnect the inner ring and the outer ring, wherein the plurality of ribs provide a plurality of airflow recesses that are arranged to extend from the first end toward the second end and are configured to minimize formation of a complete seal between a child's mouth and surfaces of the anti-suction valve at the first end so that sufficient suction to remove fluid through the fluid passageway is blocked, the plurality of ribs spaced apart circumferentially from one another to provide the plurality of airflow recesses therebetween. 20. The package of claim 19, wherein the outer ring includes an outer ring rim that extends circumferentially around a perimeter of the mouth, an outer ring floor that provides a lower surface of the anti-suction valve and is coupled to the inner ring, and an outer ring body that extends between the outer ring rim and the outer ring floor and engages the filler neck to retain the anti-suction valve to the filler neck, the inner ring including an inner ring rim defining an inlet aperture that opens into the fluid passageway and is adapted to receive a syringe and an inner ring body that extends between the inner ring rim and the outer ring floor, the inner ring rim formed to include a plurality of slots that are spaced apart from one another circumferentially around the inner ring rim. | 3,600 |
348,901 | 16,806,422 | 3,663 | In an environment that comprises a facsimile server and a plurality of document transport modules, implementing a document queue; placing documents received at the facsimile server in the document queue; allocating document flows based on a resource utilization of the facsimile server to create a set of allocated document flows, each document flow in set of allocated document flows associated with at least one document transport module from the plurality of document transport modules; retrieving a document from the document queue using a document and providing the document to a document transport module associated with the document flow; and signaling the document transport module to send the document. The document transport module is responsive to the signal to route the document to target selected from a plurality of targets, the plurality of targets including a plurality of transports. | 1. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of computer-executable instructions executable to process documents received at a facsimile server in an environment that comprises the facsimile server and a plurality of document transport modules, the set of computer-executable instructions comprising instructions for:
implementing a document queue; placing the documents received at the facsimile server in the document queue; allocating document flows based on a resource utilization of the facsimile server to create a set of allocated document flows, each document flow in set of allocated document flows associated with at least one document transport module from the plurality of document transport modules; retrieving a first document from the document queue using a first document flow from the set of allocated document flows and providing the first document to a first document transport module associated with the first document flow; and signaling the first document transport module to send the first document, wherein the first document transport module is responsive to the signal to apply rules to route the first document to a first target selected from a plurality of targets, the plurality of targets including a plurality of transports. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for assigning the first document from the document queue to the first document flow from the set of allocated document flows based on a document property of the first document. 3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the first document is of a document type and wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for assigning the first document to the first document flow based on the document type of the first document. 4. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the first document has associated metadata and wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for assigning the first document to the first document flow based on the associated metadata. 5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for providing a configuration for the first document flow, the configuration of the first document flow including an indication of a document property. 6. The computer program product of claim 5, wherein the first document is of a document type and the document property comprises the document type of the first document. 7. The computer program product of claim 5, wherein the first document has associated metadata and the document property comprises the associated metadata. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the documents received by the facsimile server, including the first document, are facsimile documents. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the plurality of transports comprises a facsimile transport. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the plurality of targets includes a second document transport module. 11. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for changing a number of allocated document flows in the set of allocated document flows based on the resource utilization of the facsimile server. 12. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for configuring the first document flow to handle documents having a first property and dynamically reconfiguring the first document flow to handle documents having a second property. 13. A method comprising:
in an environment that comprises a facsimile server and a plurality of document transport modules:
implementing a document queue;
placing documents received at the facsimile server in the document queue;
allocating document flows based on a resource utilization of the facsimile server to create a set of allocated document flows, each document flow in set of allocated document flows associated with at least one document transport module from the plurality of document transport modules;
retrieving a first document from the document queue using a first document flow from the set of allocated document flows and providing the first document to a first document transport module associated with the first document flow; and
signaling the first document transport module to send the first document, wherein the first document transport module is responsive to the signal to apply rules to route the first document to a first target selected from a plurality of targets, the plurality of targets including a plurality of transports. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising assigning the first document from the document queue to the first document flow from the set of allocated document flows based on a document property of the first document. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first document is of a document type and is assigned to the first document flow based on the document type of the first document. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the first document has associated metadata and is assigned to the first document flow based on the associated metadata. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the first document is of a document type and the first document flow is configured to retrieve the first document from the document queue based on the document type of the first document. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the first document has associated metadata and the first document flow is configured to retrieve the first document from the document queue based on the associated metadata. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the documents received by the facsimile server, including the first document, are facsimile documents. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of transports comprises a facsimile transport. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the plurality of targets includes a second document transport module. 22. The method of claim 13, further comprising changing a number of allocated document flows in the set of allocated document flows based on the resource utilization of the facsimile server. 23. The method of claim 13, further comprising dynamically reconfiguring the first document flow from handling documents having a first property to handle documents having a second property. | In an environment that comprises a facsimile server and a plurality of document transport modules, implementing a document queue; placing documents received at the facsimile server in the document queue; allocating document flows based on a resource utilization of the facsimile server to create a set of allocated document flows, each document flow in set of allocated document flows associated with at least one document transport module from the plurality of document transport modules; retrieving a document from the document queue using a document and providing the document to a document transport module associated with the document flow; and signaling the document transport module to send the document. The document transport module is responsive to the signal to route the document to target selected from a plurality of targets, the plurality of targets including a plurality of transports.1. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of computer-executable instructions executable to process documents received at a facsimile server in an environment that comprises the facsimile server and a plurality of document transport modules, the set of computer-executable instructions comprising instructions for:
implementing a document queue; placing the documents received at the facsimile server in the document queue; allocating document flows based on a resource utilization of the facsimile server to create a set of allocated document flows, each document flow in set of allocated document flows associated with at least one document transport module from the plurality of document transport modules; retrieving a first document from the document queue using a first document flow from the set of allocated document flows and providing the first document to a first document transport module associated with the first document flow; and signaling the first document transport module to send the first document, wherein the first document transport module is responsive to the signal to apply rules to route the first document to a first target selected from a plurality of targets, the plurality of targets including a plurality of transports. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for assigning the first document from the document queue to the first document flow from the set of allocated document flows based on a document property of the first document. 3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the first document is of a document type and wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for assigning the first document to the first document flow based on the document type of the first document. 4. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the first document has associated metadata and wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for assigning the first document to the first document flow based on the associated metadata. 5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for providing a configuration for the first document flow, the configuration of the first document flow including an indication of a document property. 6. The computer program product of claim 5, wherein the first document is of a document type and the document property comprises the document type of the first document. 7. The computer program product of claim 5, wherein the first document has associated metadata and the document property comprises the associated metadata. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the documents received by the facsimile server, including the first document, are facsimile documents. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the plurality of transports comprises a facsimile transport. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the plurality of targets includes a second document transport module. 11. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for changing a number of allocated document flows in the set of allocated document flows based on the resource utilization of the facsimile server. 12. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the set of computer-executable instructions comprises instructions for configuring the first document flow to handle documents having a first property and dynamically reconfiguring the first document flow to handle documents having a second property. 13. A method comprising:
in an environment that comprises a facsimile server and a plurality of document transport modules:
implementing a document queue;
placing documents received at the facsimile server in the document queue;
allocating document flows based on a resource utilization of the facsimile server to create a set of allocated document flows, each document flow in set of allocated document flows associated with at least one document transport module from the plurality of document transport modules;
retrieving a first document from the document queue using a first document flow from the set of allocated document flows and providing the first document to a first document transport module associated with the first document flow; and
signaling the first document transport module to send the first document, wherein the first document transport module is responsive to the signal to apply rules to route the first document to a first target selected from a plurality of targets, the plurality of targets including a plurality of transports. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising assigning the first document from the document queue to the first document flow from the set of allocated document flows based on a document property of the first document. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first document is of a document type and is assigned to the first document flow based on the document type of the first document. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the first document has associated metadata and is assigned to the first document flow based on the associated metadata. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the first document is of a document type and the first document flow is configured to retrieve the first document from the document queue based on the document type of the first document. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the first document has associated metadata and the first document flow is configured to retrieve the first document from the document queue based on the associated metadata. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the documents received by the facsimile server, including the first document, are facsimile documents. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of transports comprises a facsimile transport. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the plurality of targets includes a second document transport module. 22. The method of claim 13, further comprising changing a number of allocated document flows in the set of allocated document flows based on the resource utilization of the facsimile server. 23. The method of claim 13, further comprising dynamically reconfiguring the first document flow from handling documents having a first property to handle documents having a second property. | 3,600 |
348,902 | 16,806,434 | 3,663 | In one general aspect, a method can include displaying, on a display device included in a computing device, content in an application executing on the computing device, and determining that the computing device is proximate to a videoconferencing system. The method can further include displaying, in a user interface on the display device, at least one identifier associated with a videoconference, receiving a selection of the at least one identifier, and initiating the videoconference on the videoconferencing system in response to receiving the selection of the at least one identifier. The videoconference on the videoconferencing system can be initiated such that the content is provided for display on a display device included in the videoconferencing system. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method comprising:
displaying, on a display device included in a computing device, content in a first application executing on the computing device; determining that the computing device is associated with a videoconferencing system; displaying, in a user interface on the display device, at least one identifier associated with a second application; receiving a selection of the at least one identifier; and initiating the second application on the videoconferencing system in response to receiving the selection of the at least one identifier such that the content is provided for display on a display device included in the videoconferencing system. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising determining that the computing device of a first participant and a computing device of a second participant are located in a room with the videoconferencing system. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the initiation of the seconds application enables communication between the first participant and the second participant in the room with the videoconferencing system and a third participant located outside of the room with the videoconferencing system. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on a WiFi signature. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on a Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) signal. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on an audio token. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the first application is a web browser application, the first content is included in a tab of the web browser application that is being displayed on the display device included in the computing device of the first participant when the second application is executed. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the tab is a first tab, and wherein the method further comprises:
displaying, on the display device included in the computing device of the first participant, third content in a second tab of the web browser application while continuing to provide the first content included in the first tab of the web browser application for display on the display device included in the videoconferencing system. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the displaying, in the user interface on the display device of the computing device of the first participant, the at least one identifier associated with the second application includes displaying a plurality of identifiers including the at least one identifier. 11. A system comprising:
a computing device including a hardware processor that:
displays, on a display device included in a computing device, content in a first application executing on the computing device;
determines that the computing device is associated with a videoconferencing system;
displays, in a user interface on the display device, at least one identifier associated with a second application;
receives a selection of the at least one identifier; and
initiates the second application on the videoconferencing system in response to receiving the selection of the at least one identifier such that the content is provided for display on a display device included in the videoconferencing system. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the hardware processor further determines that the computing device of a first participant and a computing device of a second participant are located in a room with the videoconferencing system. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the initiation of the seconds application enables communication between the first participant and the second participant in the room with the videoconferencing system and a third participant located outside of the room with the videoconferencing system. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on a WiFi signature. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on a Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) signal. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on an audio token. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the first application is a web browser application, the first content is included in a tab of the web browser application that is being displayed on the display device included in the computing device of the first participant when the second application is executed. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the tab is a first tab, and wherein the hardware processor further:
displays, on the display device included in the computing device of the first participant, third content in a second tab of the web browser application while continuing to provide the first content included in the first tab of the web browser application for display on the display device included in the videoconferencing system. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the displaying, in the user interface on the display device of the computing device of the first participant, the at least one identifier associated with the second application includes displaying a plurality of identifiers including the at least one identifier. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method, the method comprising:
displaying, on a display device included in a computing device, content in a first application executing on the computing device; determining that the computing device is associated with a videoconferencing system; displaying, in a user interface on the display device, at least one identifier associated with a second application; receiving a selection of the at least one identifier; and initiating the second application on the videoconferencing system in response to receiving the selection of the at least one identifier such that the content is provided for display on a display device included in the videoconferencing system. | In one general aspect, a method can include displaying, on a display device included in a computing device, content in an application executing on the computing device, and determining that the computing device is proximate to a videoconferencing system. The method can further include displaying, in a user interface on the display device, at least one identifier associated with a videoconference, receiving a selection of the at least one identifier, and initiating the videoconference on the videoconferencing system in response to receiving the selection of the at least one identifier. The videoconference on the videoconferencing system can be initiated such that the content is provided for display on a display device included in the videoconferencing system.1. (canceled) 2. A method comprising:
displaying, on a display device included in a computing device, content in a first application executing on the computing device; determining that the computing device is associated with a videoconferencing system; displaying, in a user interface on the display device, at least one identifier associated with a second application; receiving a selection of the at least one identifier; and initiating the second application on the videoconferencing system in response to receiving the selection of the at least one identifier such that the content is provided for display on a display device included in the videoconferencing system. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising determining that the computing device of a first participant and a computing device of a second participant are located in a room with the videoconferencing system. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the initiation of the seconds application enables communication between the first participant and the second participant in the room with the videoconferencing system and a third participant located outside of the room with the videoconferencing system. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on a WiFi signature. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on a Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) signal. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on an audio token. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the first application is a web browser application, the first content is included in a tab of the web browser application that is being displayed on the display device included in the computing device of the first participant when the second application is executed. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the tab is a first tab, and wherein the method further comprises:
displaying, on the display device included in the computing device of the first participant, third content in a second tab of the web browser application while continuing to provide the first content included in the first tab of the web browser application for display on the display device included in the videoconferencing system. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the displaying, in the user interface on the display device of the computing device of the first participant, the at least one identifier associated with the second application includes displaying a plurality of identifiers including the at least one identifier. 11. A system comprising:
a computing device including a hardware processor that:
displays, on a display device included in a computing device, content in a first application executing on the computing device;
determines that the computing device is associated with a videoconferencing system;
displays, in a user interface on the display device, at least one identifier associated with a second application;
receives a selection of the at least one identifier; and
initiates the second application on the videoconferencing system in response to receiving the selection of the at least one identifier such that the content is provided for display on a display device included in the videoconferencing system. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the hardware processor further determines that the computing device of a first participant and a computing device of a second participant are located in a room with the videoconferencing system. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the initiation of the seconds application enables communication between the first participant and the second participant in the room with the videoconferencing system and a third participant located outside of the room with the videoconferencing system. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on a WiFi signature. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on a Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) signal. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the computing device of the first participant and the computing device of the second participant are determined to be located in the room with the videoconferencing system based on an audio token. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the first application is a web browser application, the first content is included in a tab of the web browser application that is being displayed on the display device included in the computing device of the first participant when the second application is executed. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the tab is a first tab, and wherein the hardware processor further:
displays, on the display device included in the computing device of the first participant, third content in a second tab of the web browser application while continuing to provide the first content included in the first tab of the web browser application for display on the display device included in the videoconferencing system. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the displaying, in the user interface on the display device of the computing device of the first participant, the at least one identifier associated with the second application includes displaying a plurality of identifiers including the at least one identifier. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method, the method comprising:
displaying, on a display device included in a computing device, content in a first application executing on the computing device; determining that the computing device is associated with a videoconferencing system; displaying, in a user interface on the display device, at least one identifier associated with a second application; receiving a selection of the at least one identifier; and initiating the second application on the videoconferencing system in response to receiving the selection of the at least one identifier such that the content is provided for display on a display device included in the videoconferencing system. | 3,600 |
348,903 | 16,806,416 | 3,663 | Compositions and methods are provided for treating a pavement such as by microsurfacing or slurry sealing. The compositions contain iron chelants that are effective in reducing discoloration of the pavement surface. | 1. A composition for preparing an asphalt emulsion, comprising an emulsifier and an iron chelant. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the iron chelant comprises:
a carboxylic acid derivative of an alkylamine having the formula: 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the iron chelant comprises catechol; alkyl catechol; the carboxylic acid derivative of the alkylamine; or a derivative or combination thereof. 4. (canceled) 5. The composition of claim 3, wherein:
R1 is C8-C22 alkyl; R2, R4, R5, and R6 are each individually hydrogen or —R7COOH; R3 and R7 are each individually C1-C6 alkylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; and at least one of R1, R2, R4, R5, and R6 is —R7COOH; or one, two or three of R1, R2, R4, R5 and R6 is —R7COOH; each R3 is individually C2-C4 alkylene; each R7 is individually C1-C6 alkylene; and n is 0 or 1; or one, two or three of R1, R2, R4, R5, and R6 is —R7COOH; each R3 is individually C2-C4 alkylene; each R7 is individually C1-C4 alkylene; and n is 0. 6-7. (canceled) 8. The composition of claim 5, wherein R1 is tallow, R3 is propylene, and R7 is methylene. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier comprises a tallow amine, a tallow diamine, a diquaternary amine, a tallow tetramine, a tallow diquaternary amine, oleic acid, a tall oil, a tall oil resin, a tall oil imidazoline, a tall oil fatty acid, a soybean fatty acid, a tall oil fatty acid and soybean fatty acid polyalkyleneamine condensate, a lignosulphonate, a lignin, a lignin amine, an imidazoline, an amidoamine, an amidopolyamine, a triglyceride, an ethoxylate, an alkoxylate, a carboxylate, a polycarboxylate, a sulfonate, a fatty amine, a fatty acid, a rosin acid, alkylphenol alkoxylate, or a derivative or combination thereof. 10. The composition of claim 1, further comprising an organic solvent, water, a base, an acid, or a combination thereof. 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the organic solvent comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, 2-butoxyethanol, methylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, heptane, decane, dodecane, diesel, toluene, xylene, heavy aromatic naphtha, cyclohexanone, diisobutylketone, diethyl ether, propylene carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylformamide, or a combination thereof. 12-13. (canceled) 14. The composition of claim 10, wherein:
the base comprises sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or a combination thereof; or the acid comprises an inorganic acid or an organic acid. 15. (canceled) 16. The composition of claim 10, comprising:
from about 5 to about 30 wt. % of the iron chelant and about 40 to about 95 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the composition; or from about 5 to about 25 wt. % of the iron chelant and from about 55 to about 90 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the composition; or from about 10 to about 20 wt. % of the iron chelant and from about 60 to about 90 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the composition. 17-18. (canceled) 19. The composition of claim 16, further comprising:
from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, or from about 0.2 to about 1 wt. % of the base or the acid based on the total weight of the composition; or from about 0.1 to about 25 wt. %, from about 5 to about 20 wt. %, or from about 10 to about 20 wt. % of the organic solvent based on the total weight of the composition; or from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 6 wt. %, or from about 0.1 to about 4 wt. % water based on the total weight of the composition. 20-21. (canceled) 22. An asphalt emulsion composition for surfacing pavement comprising the composition for preparing the asphalt emulsion of claim 10, and an asphalt. 23. The asphalt emulsion composition of claim 22, wherein:
the asphalt comprises straight asphalt, semi-blown asphalt, blown asphalt, polymer-modified asphalt, cutback asphalt, petroleum-based asphalt, tar, coal tar, bitumen, or a combination thereof; or the asphalt emulsion composition comprises:
from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % of the composition for preparing the asphalt emulsion, from about 1 to about 75 wt. % of the asphalt, and from about 20 to about 80 wt. % water, based on the total weight of the asphalt emulsion composition; or
from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % of the composition for preparing the asphalt emulsion, from about 40 to about 70 wt. % of the asphalt, and from about 20 to about 70 wt. % water, based on the total weight of the asphalt emulsion composition; or
from about 0.1 to about 2 wt. % of the composition for preparing the asphalt emulsion, from about 50 to about 65 wt. % of the asphalt, and from about 30 to about 50 wt. % water, based on the total weight of the asphalt emulsion composition. 24-26. (canceled) 27. A method of treating a surface of a pavement comprising:
applying the asphalt emulsion composition of claim 22 to the surface of the pavement or to a layer comprising a mineral aggregate on the surface of the pavement to form a treated surface; and curing the treated surface. 28. A method of treating a surface of a pavement comprising:
combining the composition for preparing the asphalt emulsion of claim 1, an asphalt and water to form an asphalt emulsion composition; applying the asphalt emulsion composition to the surface of the pavement or to a layer comprising a mineral aggregate on the surface of the pavement to form a treated surface; and curing the treated surface. 29. A method of treating a surface of a pavement comprising:
combining an iron chelant and an asphalt emulsion comprising asphalt, an emulsifier and water to form a surfacing composition; applying the surfacing composition to the surface of the pavement or to a layer comprising a mineral aggregate on the surface of the pavement to form a treated surface; and curing the treated surface. 30. The method of claim 27, further comprising:
mixing the mineral aggregate with the asphalt emulsion composition or surfacing composition before application; or applying a layer of mineral aggregate on the treated surface before it is cured. 31. (canceled) 32. A treated pavement comprising a pavement and a surface layer on an exposed surface of the pavement, the surface layer containing an iron chelant, an emulsifier, and an asphalt. 33. The treated pavement of claim 32, further comprising:
a layer of mineral aggregate on the exposed surface of the pavement, or wherein the surface layer further comprises a mineral aggregate; and/or a layer of mineral aggregate on the surface layer. 34. (canceled) 35. The method of claim 29, wherein the iron chelant comprises:
a carboxylic acid derivative of an alkylamine having the formula: 36-41. (canceled) 42. The method of claim 29, wherein the emulsifier comprises a tallow amine, a tallow diamine, a diquaternary amine, a tallow tetramine, a tallow diquaternary amine, oleic acid, a tall oil, a tall oil resin, a tall oil imidazoline, a tall oil fatty acid, a soybean fatty acid, a tall oil fatty acid and soybean fatty acid polyalkyleneamine condensate, a lignosulphonate, a lignin, a lignin amine, an imidazoline, an amidoamine, an amidopolyamine, a triglyceride, an ethoxylate, an alkoxylate, a carboxylate, a polycarboxylate, a sulfonate, a fatty amine, a fatty acid, a rosin acid, alkylphenol alkoxylate, or a derivative or combination thereof. 43. The method of claim 29, comprising:
from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt. %, or from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt. % of the iron chelant based on the total weight of the surfacing composition; or comprising from about 0.01 to about 1.0 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 0.5 wt. %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.1 wt. % of the iron chelant based on the total weight of the surface layer; or from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt. %, or from about 0.1 to about 2.0 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the surfacing composition; or comprising from about 0.01 to about 1.0 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 0.5 wt. %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.25 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the surface layer. 44. (canceled) 45. The method of claim 29, wherein the pavement comprises a primed granular base, an asphalt pavement, or a Portland cement pavement; or wherein applying the asphalt emulsion composition or applying the surfacing composition comprises microsurfacing, chip sealing, double surface treating, triple surface treating, cape sealing, sandwich sealing, sand sealing, slurry sealing, seal coating or fog sealing. 46. (canceled) 47. The treated pavement of claim 32, wherein the iron chelant comprises:
a carboxylic acid derivative of an alkylamine having the formula: 48. The treated pavement of claim 32, wherein the emulsifier comprises a tallow amine, a tallow diamine, a diquaternary amine, a tallow tetramine, a tallow diquaternary amine, oleic acid, a tall oil, a tall oil resin, a tall oil imidazoline, a tall oil fatty acid, a soybean fatty acid, a tall oil fatty acid and soybean fatty acid polyalkyleneamine condensate, a lignosulphonate, a lignin, a lignin amine, an imidazoline, an amidoamine, an amidopolyamine, a triglyceride, an ethoxylate, an alkoxylate, a carboxylate, a polycarboxylate, a sulfonate, a fatty amine, a fatty acid, a rosin acid, alkylphenol alkoxylate, or a derivative or combination thereof. 49. The treated pavement of claim 32, comprising:
from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt. %, or from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt. % of the iron chelant based on the total weight of the surfacing composition; or comprising from about 0.01 to about 1.0 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 0.5 wt. %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.1 wt. % of the iron chelant based on the total weight of the surface layer; or from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt. %, or from about 0.1 to about 2.0 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the surfacing composition; or comprising from about 0.01 to about 1.0 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 0.5 wt. %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.25 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the surface layer. 50. The treated pavement of claim 32, wherein the pavement comprises a primed granular base, an asphalt pavement, or a Portland cement pavement; or wherein applying the asphalt emulsion composition or applying the surfacing composition comprises microsurfacing, chip sealing, double surface treating, triple surface treating, cape sealing, sandwich sealing, sand sealing, slurry sealing, seal coating or fog sealing. | Compositions and methods are provided for treating a pavement such as by microsurfacing or slurry sealing. The compositions contain iron chelants that are effective in reducing discoloration of the pavement surface.1. A composition for preparing an asphalt emulsion, comprising an emulsifier and an iron chelant. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the iron chelant comprises:
a carboxylic acid derivative of an alkylamine having the formula: 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the iron chelant comprises catechol; alkyl catechol; the carboxylic acid derivative of the alkylamine; or a derivative or combination thereof. 4. (canceled) 5. The composition of claim 3, wherein:
R1 is C8-C22 alkyl; R2, R4, R5, and R6 are each individually hydrogen or —R7COOH; R3 and R7 are each individually C1-C6 alkylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; and at least one of R1, R2, R4, R5, and R6 is —R7COOH; or one, two or three of R1, R2, R4, R5 and R6 is —R7COOH; each R3 is individually C2-C4 alkylene; each R7 is individually C1-C6 alkylene; and n is 0 or 1; or one, two or three of R1, R2, R4, R5, and R6 is —R7COOH; each R3 is individually C2-C4 alkylene; each R7 is individually C1-C4 alkylene; and n is 0. 6-7. (canceled) 8. The composition of claim 5, wherein R1 is tallow, R3 is propylene, and R7 is methylene. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier comprises a tallow amine, a tallow diamine, a diquaternary amine, a tallow tetramine, a tallow diquaternary amine, oleic acid, a tall oil, a tall oil resin, a tall oil imidazoline, a tall oil fatty acid, a soybean fatty acid, a tall oil fatty acid and soybean fatty acid polyalkyleneamine condensate, a lignosulphonate, a lignin, a lignin amine, an imidazoline, an amidoamine, an amidopolyamine, a triglyceride, an ethoxylate, an alkoxylate, a carboxylate, a polycarboxylate, a sulfonate, a fatty amine, a fatty acid, a rosin acid, alkylphenol alkoxylate, or a derivative or combination thereof. 10. The composition of claim 1, further comprising an organic solvent, water, a base, an acid, or a combination thereof. 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the organic solvent comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, 2-butoxyethanol, methylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, heptane, decane, dodecane, diesel, toluene, xylene, heavy aromatic naphtha, cyclohexanone, diisobutylketone, diethyl ether, propylene carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylformamide, or a combination thereof. 12-13. (canceled) 14. The composition of claim 10, wherein:
the base comprises sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or a combination thereof; or the acid comprises an inorganic acid or an organic acid. 15. (canceled) 16. The composition of claim 10, comprising:
from about 5 to about 30 wt. % of the iron chelant and about 40 to about 95 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the composition; or from about 5 to about 25 wt. % of the iron chelant and from about 55 to about 90 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the composition; or from about 10 to about 20 wt. % of the iron chelant and from about 60 to about 90 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the composition. 17-18. (canceled) 19. The composition of claim 16, further comprising:
from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, or from about 0.2 to about 1 wt. % of the base or the acid based on the total weight of the composition; or from about 0.1 to about 25 wt. %, from about 5 to about 20 wt. %, or from about 10 to about 20 wt. % of the organic solvent based on the total weight of the composition; or from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 6 wt. %, or from about 0.1 to about 4 wt. % water based on the total weight of the composition. 20-21. (canceled) 22. An asphalt emulsion composition for surfacing pavement comprising the composition for preparing the asphalt emulsion of claim 10, and an asphalt. 23. The asphalt emulsion composition of claim 22, wherein:
the asphalt comprises straight asphalt, semi-blown asphalt, blown asphalt, polymer-modified asphalt, cutback asphalt, petroleum-based asphalt, tar, coal tar, bitumen, or a combination thereof; or the asphalt emulsion composition comprises:
from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % of the composition for preparing the asphalt emulsion, from about 1 to about 75 wt. % of the asphalt, and from about 20 to about 80 wt. % water, based on the total weight of the asphalt emulsion composition; or
from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % of the composition for preparing the asphalt emulsion, from about 40 to about 70 wt. % of the asphalt, and from about 20 to about 70 wt. % water, based on the total weight of the asphalt emulsion composition; or
from about 0.1 to about 2 wt. % of the composition for preparing the asphalt emulsion, from about 50 to about 65 wt. % of the asphalt, and from about 30 to about 50 wt. % water, based on the total weight of the asphalt emulsion composition. 24-26. (canceled) 27. A method of treating a surface of a pavement comprising:
applying the asphalt emulsion composition of claim 22 to the surface of the pavement or to a layer comprising a mineral aggregate on the surface of the pavement to form a treated surface; and curing the treated surface. 28. A method of treating a surface of a pavement comprising:
combining the composition for preparing the asphalt emulsion of claim 1, an asphalt and water to form an asphalt emulsion composition; applying the asphalt emulsion composition to the surface of the pavement or to a layer comprising a mineral aggregate on the surface of the pavement to form a treated surface; and curing the treated surface. 29. A method of treating a surface of a pavement comprising:
combining an iron chelant and an asphalt emulsion comprising asphalt, an emulsifier and water to form a surfacing composition; applying the surfacing composition to the surface of the pavement or to a layer comprising a mineral aggregate on the surface of the pavement to form a treated surface; and curing the treated surface. 30. The method of claim 27, further comprising:
mixing the mineral aggregate with the asphalt emulsion composition or surfacing composition before application; or applying a layer of mineral aggregate on the treated surface before it is cured. 31. (canceled) 32. A treated pavement comprising a pavement and a surface layer on an exposed surface of the pavement, the surface layer containing an iron chelant, an emulsifier, and an asphalt. 33. The treated pavement of claim 32, further comprising:
a layer of mineral aggregate on the exposed surface of the pavement, or wherein the surface layer further comprises a mineral aggregate; and/or a layer of mineral aggregate on the surface layer. 34. (canceled) 35. The method of claim 29, wherein the iron chelant comprises:
a carboxylic acid derivative of an alkylamine having the formula: 36-41. (canceled) 42. The method of claim 29, wherein the emulsifier comprises a tallow amine, a tallow diamine, a diquaternary amine, a tallow tetramine, a tallow diquaternary amine, oleic acid, a tall oil, a tall oil resin, a tall oil imidazoline, a tall oil fatty acid, a soybean fatty acid, a tall oil fatty acid and soybean fatty acid polyalkyleneamine condensate, a lignosulphonate, a lignin, a lignin amine, an imidazoline, an amidoamine, an amidopolyamine, a triglyceride, an ethoxylate, an alkoxylate, a carboxylate, a polycarboxylate, a sulfonate, a fatty amine, a fatty acid, a rosin acid, alkylphenol alkoxylate, or a derivative or combination thereof. 43. The method of claim 29, comprising:
from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt. %, or from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt. % of the iron chelant based on the total weight of the surfacing composition; or comprising from about 0.01 to about 1.0 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 0.5 wt. %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.1 wt. % of the iron chelant based on the total weight of the surface layer; or from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt. %, or from about 0.1 to about 2.0 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the surfacing composition; or comprising from about 0.01 to about 1.0 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 0.5 wt. %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.25 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the surface layer. 44. (canceled) 45. The method of claim 29, wherein the pavement comprises a primed granular base, an asphalt pavement, or a Portland cement pavement; or wherein applying the asphalt emulsion composition or applying the surfacing composition comprises microsurfacing, chip sealing, double surface treating, triple surface treating, cape sealing, sandwich sealing, sand sealing, slurry sealing, seal coating or fog sealing. 46. (canceled) 47. The treated pavement of claim 32, wherein the iron chelant comprises:
a carboxylic acid derivative of an alkylamine having the formula: 48. The treated pavement of claim 32, wherein the emulsifier comprises a tallow amine, a tallow diamine, a diquaternary amine, a tallow tetramine, a tallow diquaternary amine, oleic acid, a tall oil, a tall oil resin, a tall oil imidazoline, a tall oil fatty acid, a soybean fatty acid, a tall oil fatty acid and soybean fatty acid polyalkyleneamine condensate, a lignosulphonate, a lignin, a lignin amine, an imidazoline, an amidoamine, an amidopolyamine, a triglyceride, an ethoxylate, an alkoxylate, a carboxylate, a polycarboxylate, a sulfonate, a fatty amine, a fatty acid, a rosin acid, alkylphenol alkoxylate, or a derivative or combination thereof. 49. The treated pavement of claim 32, comprising:
from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt. %, or from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt. % of the iron chelant based on the total weight of the surfacing composition; or comprising from about 0.01 to about 1.0 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 0.5 wt. %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.1 wt. % of the iron chelant based on the total weight of the surface layer; or from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt. %, or from about 0.1 to about 2.0 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the surfacing composition; or comprising from about 0.01 to about 1.0 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 0.5 wt. %, or from about 0.01 to about 0.25 wt. % of the emulsifier based on the total weight of the surface layer. 50. The treated pavement of claim 32, wherein the pavement comprises a primed granular base, an asphalt pavement, or a Portland cement pavement; or wherein applying the asphalt emulsion composition or applying the surfacing composition comprises microsurfacing, chip sealing, double surface treating, triple surface treating, cape sealing, sandwich sealing, sand sealing, slurry sealing, seal coating or fog sealing. | 3,600 |
348,904 | 16,806,425 | 3,663 | A method for smartly managing a plurality of potential travel destinations of a user is provided. The method includes determining a plurality of similarities between different pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations. Further, the method includes weighting the plurality of similarities using contextual information related to the user, and clustering part of the plurality of potential travel destinations based on the plurality of weighted similarities. | 1. A method for managing a plurality of potential travel destinations of a user, comprising:
determining a plurality of similarities between different pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations; weighting the plurality of similarities using contextual information related to the user; and clustering part of the plurality of potential travel destinations based on the plurality of weighted similarities. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the clustering part of the plurality of potential travel destinations comprises:
not clustering pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations having a respective weighted similarity within a first range; and clustering pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations having a respective weighted similarity within a second range to a first cluster. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
displaying, to the user, individual graphic symbols for the pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations having a respective weighted similarity within the first range; and displaying, to the user, a single graphic symbol for the potential travel destinations in the first cluster. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving a user input that indicates a selection of the first cluster; and displaying, in response to the user input, individual graphic symbols for the potential travel destinations in the first cluster. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the graphic symbols are list items of a list, or wherein the graphic symbols are geometric forms in a map. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
displaying, for at least one potential travel destination of the pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations having a respective weighted similarity within the first range, information related to the one potential travel destination; and displaying information related to the first cluster. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
assigning a label to the first cluster based on the potential travel destinations in the first cluster. 8. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
clustering pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations having a respective weighted similarity within a third range to a second cluster. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
ranking the first cluster and the second cluster based on one or more attributes of the potential travel destinations in the first cluster and in the second cluster; and displaying, to the user, the first cluster and the second cluster according to the ranking. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the contextual information related to the user is one of a current location of the user, and a visit frequency of the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the similarity between a pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations is based on a distance between the pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations, and wherein the weighted similarity between the pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations is based on a weighting factor that depends on a current location of the user. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the weighting factor depends on a distance of the current location of the user to a line connecting the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the weighting factor is a first value when the distance of the current location of the user to the line connecting the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations is smaller than a first threshold, and wherein the weighting factor is a second value when the first threshold is smaller than the distance of the current location of the user to the line connecting the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first threshold value is selected based on a ratio of an increase of the number of potential travel destinations to an increase of the distance to the current location of the user. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first threshold value is a maximum distance to the current location of the user for which the increase of the number of potential travel destinations is larger than a predefined value. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the second value is variable and depends on the distance of the current location of the user to the line connecting the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the weighting factor is a third value when a second threshold is smaller than the distance of the current location of the user to the line connecting the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the plurality of potential travel destinations from user generated content. 19. A non-transitory machine readable medium having stored thereon a program having a program code which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to performing steps comprising:
determining a plurality of similarities between different pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations; weighting the plurality of similarities using contextual information related to the user; and clustering part of the plurality of potential travel destinations based on the plurality of weighted similarities. 20. An apparatus for managing a plurality of potential travel destinations of a user, comprising:
a memory configured to store the plurality of potential travel destinations; and a processor circuit configured to: determine a plurality of similarities between different pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations; weight the plurality of similarities using contextual information related to the user; and cluster part of the plurality of potential travel destinations based on the plurality of weighted similarities. | A method for smartly managing a plurality of potential travel destinations of a user is provided. The method includes determining a plurality of similarities between different pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations. Further, the method includes weighting the plurality of similarities using contextual information related to the user, and clustering part of the plurality of potential travel destinations based on the plurality of weighted similarities.1. A method for managing a plurality of potential travel destinations of a user, comprising:
determining a plurality of similarities between different pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations; weighting the plurality of similarities using contextual information related to the user; and clustering part of the plurality of potential travel destinations based on the plurality of weighted similarities. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the clustering part of the plurality of potential travel destinations comprises:
not clustering pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations having a respective weighted similarity within a first range; and clustering pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations having a respective weighted similarity within a second range to a first cluster. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
displaying, to the user, individual graphic symbols for the pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations having a respective weighted similarity within the first range; and displaying, to the user, a single graphic symbol for the potential travel destinations in the first cluster. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving a user input that indicates a selection of the first cluster; and displaying, in response to the user input, individual graphic symbols for the potential travel destinations in the first cluster. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the graphic symbols are list items of a list, or wherein the graphic symbols are geometric forms in a map. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
displaying, for at least one potential travel destination of the pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations having a respective weighted similarity within the first range, information related to the one potential travel destination; and displaying information related to the first cluster. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
assigning a label to the first cluster based on the potential travel destinations in the first cluster. 8. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
clustering pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations having a respective weighted similarity within a third range to a second cluster. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
ranking the first cluster and the second cluster based on one or more attributes of the potential travel destinations in the first cluster and in the second cluster; and displaying, to the user, the first cluster and the second cluster according to the ranking. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the contextual information related to the user is one of a current location of the user, and a visit frequency of the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the similarity between a pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations is based on a distance between the pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations, and wherein the weighted similarity between the pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations is based on a weighting factor that depends on a current location of the user. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the weighting factor depends on a distance of the current location of the user to a line connecting the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the weighting factor is a first value when the distance of the current location of the user to the line connecting the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations is smaller than a first threshold, and wherein the weighting factor is a second value when the first threshold is smaller than the distance of the current location of the user to the line connecting the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first threshold value is selected based on a ratio of an increase of the number of potential travel destinations to an increase of the distance to the current location of the user. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first threshold value is a maximum distance to the current location of the user for which the increase of the number of potential travel destinations is larger than a predefined value. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the second value is variable and depends on the distance of the current location of the user to the line connecting the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the weighting factor is a third value when a second threshold is smaller than the distance of the current location of the user to the line connecting the respective pair of the plurality of potential travel destinations. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the plurality of potential travel destinations from user generated content. 19. A non-transitory machine readable medium having stored thereon a program having a program code which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to performing steps comprising:
determining a plurality of similarities between different pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations; weighting the plurality of similarities using contextual information related to the user; and clustering part of the plurality of potential travel destinations based on the plurality of weighted similarities. 20. An apparatus for managing a plurality of potential travel destinations of a user, comprising:
a memory configured to store the plurality of potential travel destinations; and a processor circuit configured to: determine a plurality of similarities between different pairs of the plurality of potential travel destinations; weight the plurality of similarities using contextual information related to the user; and cluster part of the plurality of potential travel destinations based on the plurality of weighted similarities. | 3,600 |
348,905 | 16,806,431 | 3,663 | A container (210) for holding granular or powdered material and formed by a top wall (212), a bottom wall (214), a front wall (216), a rear wall (218), a first side wall (220), and a second side wall (222). A rotatably removable lid (D) is interiorly mounted with a scoop (32) and is pivotally hinged to a collar (300) that includes a sealing gasket (330). The collar (300) mounts to the walls of the container (210). A sealing wall 240 of the lid (D) cooperates with the gasket 300 to prevent the contents from spilling. The container (210) incorporates powder control features, a container wall junction (50) preferred geometry and congruent scoop (32) enabling convenient access to the contents, a tolerance variation accommodating and strength improving, J-shaped collar (300) and interlocking indentations (290) and flex clips (310), and a pressure controlling portion (350) that prevents unwanted deformation due to pressure differentials. | 1-32. (canceled) 33. A container assembly, comprising:
a. a receptacle having
a bottom wall;
a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall;
a sealing flange with an internal edge that defines an opening to an interior space; and
a plurality of recesses spaced apart by strengthening bridges, the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges being positioned on at least two opposing walls;
b. a lid-collar assembly comprising a collar and a lid, the collar being joined to the receptacle, and the lid being hingedly attached to the collar so that the lid may move between an open position and a closed position; c. a seal attached to the sealing flange and extending across the opening; d. a scoop comprising a handle and a bowl; and e. a scoop holder capable of retaining the scoop above a product that is within the interior space of the receptacle, wherein the container assembly has a rectilinear or approximately cuboid shape. 34. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the collar covers the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges, and wherein an exterior surface of the collar is substantially planar with exterior surfaces of the front wall, rear wall, first side wall and second side wall. 35. The container assembly of claim 33, in which the recesses are positioned in a paired relationship across opposing walls of the receptacle. 36. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the lid is hingedly attached to the collar by a living hinge, wherein the living hinge is made of a flexible polymeric material. 37. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the seal is substantially moisture impervious, substantially light impervious, and substantially oxygen impervious. 38. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the lid comprises:
a sealing wall that projects toward the sealing flange; and a substantially domed central section joined to the lid by the sealing wall. 39. The container assembly of claim 38, wherein the lid comprises a collar engagement member that projects generally downward to a lip edge, wherein the lip edge is configured to engage with a lip seat of the collar when the lid is in a closed position. 40. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the bowl of the scoop has a rim with a cross-sectional geometry that is substantially congruent to the cross-sectional geometry of at least one of the following junctions: (i) the front wall and the first side wall, (ii) the front wall and the second side wall, (iii) the rear wall and the first side wall, (iv) the rear wall and the second side wall, and (v) the rear wall, one of the first and second side walls, and the bottom wall, wherein the at least one junction is rounded with a radius that is approximately equal to a radius of the rim of the bowl. 41. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein a bottom surface of the container assembly and a top surface of the container assembly are configured so that a plurality of the container assemblies can be stacked, wherein the top surface of the container assembly comprises a convex portion and the bottom surface of the container assembly comprises a concave portion, the convex portion and the concave portion being cooperative. 42. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the container assembly includes a locking feature that comprises:
a latch; and a keeper, wherein the latch is configured to grip the keeper in order to maintain the lid in a closed position and the keeper is located in a recessed portion of the collar. 43. An infant formula product comprising:
i. a powdered infant formula; ii. a scoop comprising a handle and a bowl; and iii. a container comprising:
a. a receptacle having
a bottom wall;
a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall;
a sealing flange with an internal edge that defines an opening to an interior space;
a plurality of recesses spaced apart by strengthening bridges, the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges being positioned on at least two opposing walls; and
a groove running around at least a portion of an exterior periphery of the receptacle, wherein one or more of the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges are positioned within the groove;
b. a lid-collar assembly comprising a collar and a lid, the collar being affixed to the receptacle, and the lid being hingedly attached to the collar so that the lid may move between an open position and a closed position;
c. a seal attached to the sealing flange and extending across the opening; and
d. a scoop holder capable of retaining the scoop in a position in which the scoop is separated from the powdered infant formula,
wherein the powdered infant formula is located in the interior space of the receptacle. 44. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein all of the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges are positioned within the groove. 45. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein at least one of the plurality of strengthening bridges is positioned on each of the front wall, the rear wall, the first side wall and the second side wall. 46. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein the collar covers the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges, and wherein an exterior surface of the collar is substantially planar with exterior surfaces of the front wall, rear wall, first side wall and second side wall. 47. The infant formula product of claim 43, in which the recesses are positioned in a paired relationship across opposing walls of the receptacle. 48. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein the lid comprises:
a sealing wall that projects toward the sealing flange; and a substantially domed central section joined to the lid by the sealing wall, wherein the substantially domed central section has dimensions that are less than the dimensions of the sealing wall. 49. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein the collar is formed from a substantially flexible material. 50. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein the bowl of the scoop has a rim with a cross-sectional geometry that is substantially congruent to the cross-sectional geometry of at least one of the following junctions: (i) the front wall and the first side wall, (ii) the front wall and the second side wall, (iii) the rear wall and the first side wall, (iv) the rear wall and the second side wall, and (v) the front wall, one of the first and second side walls, and the bottom wall, wherein the at least one junction is rounded with a radius that is approximately equal to a radius of the rim of the bowl. 51. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein the top surface of the container comprises a convex portion and the bottom surface of the container comprises a concave portion, the convex portion and the concave portion being cooperative so that a plurality of the containers can be stacked, 52. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein at least one of the front wall and the rear wall comprises a recess positioned to facilitate gripping of the container, wherein the recess on at least one of the front wall and the rear wall further comprises an additional recess that is configured to indicate the precise location for placement of a finger or thumb of a user. | A container (210) for holding granular or powdered material and formed by a top wall (212), a bottom wall (214), a front wall (216), a rear wall (218), a first side wall (220), and a second side wall (222). A rotatably removable lid (D) is interiorly mounted with a scoop (32) and is pivotally hinged to a collar (300) that includes a sealing gasket (330). The collar (300) mounts to the walls of the container (210). A sealing wall 240 of the lid (D) cooperates with the gasket 300 to prevent the contents from spilling. The container (210) incorporates powder control features, a container wall junction (50) preferred geometry and congruent scoop (32) enabling convenient access to the contents, a tolerance variation accommodating and strength improving, J-shaped collar (300) and interlocking indentations (290) and flex clips (310), and a pressure controlling portion (350) that prevents unwanted deformation due to pressure differentials.1-32. (canceled) 33. A container assembly, comprising:
a. a receptacle having
a bottom wall;
a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall;
a sealing flange with an internal edge that defines an opening to an interior space; and
a plurality of recesses spaced apart by strengthening bridges, the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges being positioned on at least two opposing walls;
b. a lid-collar assembly comprising a collar and a lid, the collar being joined to the receptacle, and the lid being hingedly attached to the collar so that the lid may move between an open position and a closed position; c. a seal attached to the sealing flange and extending across the opening; d. a scoop comprising a handle and a bowl; and e. a scoop holder capable of retaining the scoop above a product that is within the interior space of the receptacle, wherein the container assembly has a rectilinear or approximately cuboid shape. 34. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the collar covers the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges, and wherein an exterior surface of the collar is substantially planar with exterior surfaces of the front wall, rear wall, first side wall and second side wall. 35. The container assembly of claim 33, in which the recesses are positioned in a paired relationship across opposing walls of the receptacle. 36. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the lid is hingedly attached to the collar by a living hinge, wherein the living hinge is made of a flexible polymeric material. 37. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the seal is substantially moisture impervious, substantially light impervious, and substantially oxygen impervious. 38. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the lid comprises:
a sealing wall that projects toward the sealing flange; and a substantially domed central section joined to the lid by the sealing wall. 39. The container assembly of claim 38, wherein the lid comprises a collar engagement member that projects generally downward to a lip edge, wherein the lip edge is configured to engage with a lip seat of the collar when the lid is in a closed position. 40. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the bowl of the scoop has a rim with a cross-sectional geometry that is substantially congruent to the cross-sectional geometry of at least one of the following junctions: (i) the front wall and the first side wall, (ii) the front wall and the second side wall, (iii) the rear wall and the first side wall, (iv) the rear wall and the second side wall, and (v) the rear wall, one of the first and second side walls, and the bottom wall, wherein the at least one junction is rounded with a radius that is approximately equal to a radius of the rim of the bowl. 41. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein a bottom surface of the container assembly and a top surface of the container assembly are configured so that a plurality of the container assemblies can be stacked, wherein the top surface of the container assembly comprises a convex portion and the bottom surface of the container assembly comprises a concave portion, the convex portion and the concave portion being cooperative. 42. The container assembly of claim 33, wherein the container assembly includes a locking feature that comprises:
a latch; and a keeper, wherein the latch is configured to grip the keeper in order to maintain the lid in a closed position and the keeper is located in a recessed portion of the collar. 43. An infant formula product comprising:
i. a powdered infant formula; ii. a scoop comprising a handle and a bowl; and iii. a container comprising:
a. a receptacle having
a bottom wall;
a front wall, a rear wall, a first side wall and a second side wall;
a sealing flange with an internal edge that defines an opening to an interior space;
a plurality of recesses spaced apart by strengthening bridges, the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges being positioned on at least two opposing walls; and
a groove running around at least a portion of an exterior periphery of the receptacle, wherein one or more of the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges are positioned within the groove;
b. a lid-collar assembly comprising a collar and a lid, the collar being affixed to the receptacle, and the lid being hingedly attached to the collar so that the lid may move between an open position and a closed position;
c. a seal attached to the sealing flange and extending across the opening; and
d. a scoop holder capable of retaining the scoop in a position in which the scoop is separated from the powdered infant formula,
wherein the powdered infant formula is located in the interior space of the receptacle. 44. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein all of the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges are positioned within the groove. 45. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein at least one of the plurality of strengthening bridges is positioned on each of the front wall, the rear wall, the first side wall and the second side wall. 46. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein the collar covers the plurality of recesses and strengthening bridges, and wherein an exterior surface of the collar is substantially planar with exterior surfaces of the front wall, rear wall, first side wall and second side wall. 47. The infant formula product of claim 43, in which the recesses are positioned in a paired relationship across opposing walls of the receptacle. 48. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein the lid comprises:
a sealing wall that projects toward the sealing flange; and a substantially domed central section joined to the lid by the sealing wall, wherein the substantially domed central section has dimensions that are less than the dimensions of the sealing wall. 49. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein the collar is formed from a substantially flexible material. 50. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein the bowl of the scoop has a rim with a cross-sectional geometry that is substantially congruent to the cross-sectional geometry of at least one of the following junctions: (i) the front wall and the first side wall, (ii) the front wall and the second side wall, (iii) the rear wall and the first side wall, (iv) the rear wall and the second side wall, and (v) the front wall, one of the first and second side walls, and the bottom wall, wherein the at least one junction is rounded with a radius that is approximately equal to a radius of the rim of the bowl. 51. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein the top surface of the container comprises a convex portion and the bottom surface of the container comprises a concave portion, the convex portion and the concave portion being cooperative so that a plurality of the containers can be stacked, 52. The infant formula product of claim 43, wherein at least one of the front wall and the rear wall comprises a recess positioned to facilitate gripping of the container, wherein the recess on at least one of the front wall and the rear wall further comprises an additional recess that is configured to indicate the precise location for placement of a finger or thumb of a user. | 3,600 |
348,906 | 16,806,393 | 3,663 | A construction module for a structure, comprising: a formwork member that includes a base, a pair of parallel side walls that extend upwardly from the base, and a pair of parallel end walls. The base, the side walls and the end walls define a cavity for reinforcement and concrete. A reinforcement member includes an upper portion and a lower portion. When the reinforcement member is located in the cavity and concrete fills the cavity, the lower portion of the reinforcement member and the concrete define an elongate beam. | 1. A module for a structure comprising:
a formwork tray comprising a plurality of discrete sections configured to form a base and a pair of side walls that extend upwardly from the base and thereby define a cavity for reinforcement and concrete, the formwork tray including an upper portion and a lower portion; and a reinforcement member that includes an upper portion that is formed to extend across a width and along a length of the upper portion of the formwork tray, and a lower portion that is formed to extend at least substantially along the length of the lower portion of the formwork tray such that the upper and lower portions of the reinforcement member each span the plurality of discrete sections of the formwork tray, wherein the reinforcement member is located in the cavity, and concrete fills the cavity at least partially covering the reinforcement member, such that a portion of the reinforcement member of the module and the concrete defines at least one elongate beam. 2. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the formwork tray discrete sections partition the formwork tray across a width thereof into a trough and a stiffening member, the trough interconnected to the stiffening member. 3. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the formwork tray discrete sections partition the formwork tray across a width thereof into at least two troughs and at least one stiffening member, each of the at least two troughs interconnected by a stiffening member. 4. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the formwork tray discrete sections partition the formwork tray into a plurality of portions along a length thereof, each of the discrete sections having a common cross-section. 5. A module for a structure, comprising:
a formwork member that includes a base and a pair of side walls that extend upwardly from the base, with the base and the side walls defining a cavity for reinforcement and concrete, the cavity having an upper cavity portion and a lower cavity portion; and a plurality of reinforcement plates that partition a length of the formwork tray, spaced at discrete intervals therealong such that the reinforcement plates extend substantially across a cross-section of the lower cavity portion, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement plates is configured to support a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members thereon, wherein when the reinforcement plates are located in the cavity having the longitudinal reinforcing members supported thereon and concrete fills the cavity, the reinforcement plates and the concrete define an elongate beam. 6. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement plates is configured to support a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members about a periphery of the reinforcement plate. 7. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement plates is configured to support a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members disposed therethrough. 8. The module for a structure of claim 5, further comprising a brace member, the brace member configured to connect one of the plurality of reinforcement plates to a second of the plurality of reinforcement plates. 9. The module for a structure of claim 5, further comprising a brace member, the brace member configured to connect one of the plurality of reinforcement plates to one to the plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members. 10. The module for a structure of claim 5, further comprising a brace member, the brace member configured to connect one of the plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members to a second of the plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members. 11. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement plates provides a connector for engaging an inner surface of formwork tray. 12. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement plates provides a cradle for receiving a longitudinal reinforcing member. 13. The module for a structure of claim 12, wherein the cradle is arcuate and retains the longitudinal reinforcing member therein under gravitational force. 14. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the lower portion of the reinforcement member and the upper portion of the reinforcement member are integrally formed. 15. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement member is configured to conform to the cavity of the formwork tray. 16. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein the reinforcement plates are configured to conform to the cavity of the formwork tray. 17. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the formwork tray includes a pair of end walls. 18. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein the formwork tray includes a pair of end walls. 19. A reinforced concrete bridge comprising a module according to claim 1, wherein the module spans at least partially across a width of the bridge and extends at least partially along a length of the bridge, and when concrete fills the cavity at least partially covering the reinforcement member, the lower portion of the reinforcement member and the concrete define an elongate beam. 20. A reinforced concrete bridge comprising a module according to claim 5, wherein the module spans at least partially across a width of the bridge and extends at least partially along a length of the bridge, and when concrete fills the cavity at least partially covering the reinforcement plates and the plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members, the reinforcement plates and the plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members and the concrete together define an elongate beam. | A construction module for a structure, comprising: a formwork member that includes a base, a pair of parallel side walls that extend upwardly from the base, and a pair of parallel end walls. The base, the side walls and the end walls define a cavity for reinforcement and concrete. A reinforcement member includes an upper portion and a lower portion. When the reinforcement member is located in the cavity and concrete fills the cavity, the lower portion of the reinforcement member and the concrete define an elongate beam.1. A module for a structure comprising:
a formwork tray comprising a plurality of discrete sections configured to form a base and a pair of side walls that extend upwardly from the base and thereby define a cavity for reinforcement and concrete, the formwork tray including an upper portion and a lower portion; and a reinforcement member that includes an upper portion that is formed to extend across a width and along a length of the upper portion of the formwork tray, and a lower portion that is formed to extend at least substantially along the length of the lower portion of the formwork tray such that the upper and lower portions of the reinforcement member each span the plurality of discrete sections of the formwork tray, wherein the reinforcement member is located in the cavity, and concrete fills the cavity at least partially covering the reinforcement member, such that a portion of the reinforcement member of the module and the concrete defines at least one elongate beam. 2. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the formwork tray discrete sections partition the formwork tray across a width thereof into a trough and a stiffening member, the trough interconnected to the stiffening member. 3. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the formwork tray discrete sections partition the formwork tray across a width thereof into at least two troughs and at least one stiffening member, each of the at least two troughs interconnected by a stiffening member. 4. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the formwork tray discrete sections partition the formwork tray into a plurality of portions along a length thereof, each of the discrete sections having a common cross-section. 5. A module for a structure, comprising:
a formwork member that includes a base and a pair of side walls that extend upwardly from the base, with the base and the side walls defining a cavity for reinforcement and concrete, the cavity having an upper cavity portion and a lower cavity portion; and a plurality of reinforcement plates that partition a length of the formwork tray, spaced at discrete intervals therealong such that the reinforcement plates extend substantially across a cross-section of the lower cavity portion, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement plates is configured to support a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members thereon, wherein when the reinforcement plates are located in the cavity having the longitudinal reinforcing members supported thereon and concrete fills the cavity, the reinforcement plates and the concrete define an elongate beam. 6. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement plates is configured to support a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members about a periphery of the reinforcement plate. 7. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement plates is configured to support a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members disposed therethrough. 8. The module for a structure of claim 5, further comprising a brace member, the brace member configured to connect one of the plurality of reinforcement plates to a second of the plurality of reinforcement plates. 9. The module for a structure of claim 5, further comprising a brace member, the brace member configured to connect one of the plurality of reinforcement plates to one to the plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members. 10. The module for a structure of claim 5, further comprising a brace member, the brace member configured to connect one of the plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members to a second of the plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members. 11. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement plates provides a connector for engaging an inner surface of formwork tray. 12. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of reinforcement plates provides a cradle for receiving a longitudinal reinforcing member. 13. The module for a structure of claim 12, wherein the cradle is arcuate and retains the longitudinal reinforcing member therein under gravitational force. 14. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the lower portion of the reinforcement member and the upper portion of the reinforcement member are integrally formed. 15. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement member is configured to conform to the cavity of the formwork tray. 16. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein the reinforcement plates are configured to conform to the cavity of the formwork tray. 17. The module for a structure of claim 1, wherein the formwork tray includes a pair of end walls. 18. The module for a structure of claim 5, wherein the formwork tray includes a pair of end walls. 19. A reinforced concrete bridge comprising a module according to claim 1, wherein the module spans at least partially across a width of the bridge and extends at least partially along a length of the bridge, and when concrete fills the cavity at least partially covering the reinforcement member, the lower portion of the reinforcement member and the concrete define an elongate beam. 20. A reinforced concrete bridge comprising a module according to claim 5, wherein the module spans at least partially across a width of the bridge and extends at least partially along a length of the bridge, and when concrete fills the cavity at least partially covering the reinforcement plates and the plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members, the reinforcement plates and the plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members and the concrete together define an elongate beam. | 3,600 |
348,907 | 16,806,410 | 3,663 | Systems and methods are described for handling interruptions during a digital assistant session between a user and a digital assistant by detecting if an interruption event is to occur during the digital assistant session. In response to detecting that the interruption event is to occur, an operation that addresses the interruption event may be caused to be performed. | 1. A computer-implemented method of handling interruptions during a digital assistant session between a user and a digital assistant, the method comprising:
detecting if an interruption event is to occur during the digital assistant session; and in response to detecting that the interruption event is to occur, causing to be performed an operation that addresses the interruption event. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
predicting a length of the digital assistant session based on a topic of the digital assistant session. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the predicting the length of the digital assistant session is further based on information about the user and information about previous digital assistant sessions between users and digital assistants. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the operation that addresses the interruption event comprises at least one of:
automatically delaying the interruption event until after the digital assistant session; prompting the user to delay the digital assistant session until after the interruption event; or prompting the user to delay or cancel the interruption event. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein in response to the predicted length being less than a threshold time, causing to be performed an operation that addresses the interruption event comprises automatically delaying the interruption event until after the digital assistant session is complete. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
setting a length of the threshold time based on an importance of the interruption event. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the detecting if the interruption event is to occur comprises receiving interruption event data about the interruption event, and
wherein the detecting if the interruption event is to occur during the predicted length of the digital assistant session is based on the received interruption event data. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the detecting if the interruption event is to occur comprises accessing, using the digital assistant, scheduling data associated with the user, and
wherein the detecting if the interruption event is to occur during the predicted length of the digital assistant session is based on the accessed scheduling data associated with the user. 9. A system for handling interruptions during a digital assistant session between a user and a digital assistant, the system comprising control circuitry configured to:
detect if an interruption event is to occur during the digital assistant session; and in response to detecting that the interruption event is to occur, cause to be performed an operation that addresses the interruption event. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
predict a length of the digital assistant session based on a topic of the digital assistant session. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to predict the length of the digital assistant session based on information about the user and information about previous digital assistant sessions between users and digital assistants. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the operation that addresses the interruption event comprises at least one of:
automatically delaying the interruption event until after the digital assistant session; prompting the user to delay the digital assistant session until after the interruption event; or prompting the user to delay or cancel the interruption event. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein in response to the predicted length being less than a threshold time, the control circuitry is further configured to cause to be performed an operation that addresses the interruption event comprising automatically delaying the interruption event until after the digital assistant session is complete. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
set a length of the threshold time based on an importance of the interruption event. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
receive interruption event data about the interruption event; and detect if the interruption event is to occur during the predicted length of the digital assistant session based on the received interruption event data. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
access scheduling data associated with the user; and detect if the interruption event is to occur during the predicted length of the digital assistant session based on the accessed scheduling data associated with the user. 17-32. (canceled) | Systems and methods are described for handling interruptions during a digital assistant session between a user and a digital assistant by detecting if an interruption event is to occur during the digital assistant session. In response to detecting that the interruption event is to occur, an operation that addresses the interruption event may be caused to be performed.1. A computer-implemented method of handling interruptions during a digital assistant session between a user and a digital assistant, the method comprising:
detecting if an interruption event is to occur during the digital assistant session; and in response to detecting that the interruption event is to occur, causing to be performed an operation that addresses the interruption event. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
predicting a length of the digital assistant session based on a topic of the digital assistant session. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the predicting the length of the digital assistant session is further based on information about the user and information about previous digital assistant sessions between users and digital assistants. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the operation that addresses the interruption event comprises at least one of:
automatically delaying the interruption event until after the digital assistant session; prompting the user to delay the digital assistant session until after the interruption event; or prompting the user to delay or cancel the interruption event. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein in response to the predicted length being less than a threshold time, causing to be performed an operation that addresses the interruption event comprises automatically delaying the interruption event until after the digital assistant session is complete. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
setting a length of the threshold time based on an importance of the interruption event. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the detecting if the interruption event is to occur comprises receiving interruption event data about the interruption event, and
wherein the detecting if the interruption event is to occur during the predicted length of the digital assistant session is based on the received interruption event data. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the detecting if the interruption event is to occur comprises accessing, using the digital assistant, scheduling data associated with the user, and
wherein the detecting if the interruption event is to occur during the predicted length of the digital assistant session is based on the accessed scheduling data associated with the user. 9. A system for handling interruptions during a digital assistant session between a user and a digital assistant, the system comprising control circuitry configured to:
detect if an interruption event is to occur during the digital assistant session; and in response to detecting that the interruption event is to occur, cause to be performed an operation that addresses the interruption event. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
predict a length of the digital assistant session based on a topic of the digital assistant session. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to predict the length of the digital assistant session based on information about the user and information about previous digital assistant sessions between users and digital assistants. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the operation that addresses the interruption event comprises at least one of:
automatically delaying the interruption event until after the digital assistant session; prompting the user to delay the digital assistant session until after the interruption event; or prompting the user to delay or cancel the interruption event. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein in response to the predicted length being less than a threshold time, the control circuitry is further configured to cause to be performed an operation that addresses the interruption event comprising automatically delaying the interruption event until after the digital assistant session is complete. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
set a length of the threshold time based on an importance of the interruption event. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
receive interruption event data about the interruption event; and detect if the interruption event is to occur during the predicted length of the digital assistant session based on the received interruption event data. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
access scheduling data associated with the user; and detect if the interruption event is to occur during the predicted length of the digital assistant session based on the accessed scheduling data associated with the user. 17-32. (canceled) | 3,600 |
348,908 | 16,806,437 | 3,663 | A display device includes: a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area; a plurality of display elements arranged in the display area; and a pad disposed in the peripheral area and having a multi-layered structure, where the multi-layered structure of the pad includes: a metal layer; a conductive protective layer on a top surface of the metal layer; and a metal thin film on a top surface of the conductive protective layer. | 1. A display device comprising:
a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area; a plurality of display elements arranged in the display area; and a pad disposed in the peripheral area and having a multi-layered structure, wherein the multi-layered structure of the pad comprises:
a metal layer;
a conductive protective layer on a top surface of the metal layer; and a metal thin film on a top surface of the conductive protective layer. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductive protective layer comprises a transparent conductive oxide. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein
a lateral surface of the multi-layered structure has a forward-tapered inclination. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein
Each of the metal layer and the metal thin film comprises at least one of Al, Pt, Pd, Ag, Mg, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, Mo, or Cu. 5. The display device of claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the metal layer is greater than a thickness of the conductive protective layer, and the thickness of the metal layer is greater than a thickness of the metal thin film. 6. The display device of claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the metal thin film is about 300 Å or less. 7. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the metal thin film comprises: a metal sub-layer including a metal element; and a metal oxide sub-layer on the metal sub-layer and including an oxide of the metal element of the metal sub-layer. 8. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
an insulating layer covering an edge of the multi-layered structure of the pad, wherein a hole is defined through the insulating layer to overlap the multi-layered structure of the pad. 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the insulating layer comprises: an inorganic insulating layer, through which a first hole is defined to overlap the multi-layered structure of the pad; and an organic insulating layer, through which a second hole is defined to overlap the multi-layered structure of the pad and the first hole. 10. The display device of claim 8, wherein
a third hole is defined through the metal thin film of the multi-layered structure to overlap the hole of the insulating layer. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein
the metal thin film comprises: a metal sub-layer including a first metal element; and a metal oxide sub-layer on a top surface of the metal sub-layer and including an oxide of the first metal element of the metal sub-layer. 12. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the multi-layered structure of the pad further comprises: a bottom metal layer on a bottom surface of the metal layer. 13. A display device comprising:
a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area; a display element in the display area; a pixel circuit comprising a thin film transistor and a storage capacitor, wherein the thin film transistor and the storage capacitor are electrically connected to the display element; and a pad in the peripheral area and having a forward-tapered lateral surface, wherein the pad has a multi-layered structure, and the multi-layered structure of the pad comprises:
a conductive layer comprising a transparent conductive oxide; and
a metal thin film on a top surface of the conductive layer. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein
the metal thin film comprises at least one of Al, Pt, Pd, Ag, Mg, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, Mo, or Cu. 15. The display device of claim 13, wherein
the metal thin film comprises: a metal sub-layer including a metal element; and a metal oxide sub-layer on a top surface of the metal sub-layer and including an oxide of the metal element of the metal sub-layer. 16. The display device of claim 15, further comprising:
an insulating layer covering an edge of the pad, wherein a hole is defined through the insulating layer to overlap the multi-layered structure of the pad. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein
a hole is defined through the metal thin film of the multi-layered structure to correspond to the hole of the insulating layer. 18. The display device of claim 13, wherein
at least one of an electrode of the thin film transistor or an electrode of the storage capacitor comprises a same number of sub-layers as the multi-layered structure of the pad. 19. The display device of claim 13, wherein
the multi-layered structure of the pad comprises a metal layer on a bottom surface of the conductive layer and having a thickness equal to or greater than about ½ a thickness of the pad. 20. The display device of claim 19, further comprising:
a bottom conductive layer on a bottom surface of the conductive layer, wherein the metal layer comprises at least one of Al, Pt, Pd, Ag, Mg, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, Mo, or Cu, and the bottom conductive layer comprises a metal element different from a metal element of the metal layer. | A display device includes: a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area; a plurality of display elements arranged in the display area; and a pad disposed in the peripheral area and having a multi-layered structure, where the multi-layered structure of the pad includes: a metal layer; a conductive protective layer on a top surface of the metal layer; and a metal thin film on a top surface of the conductive protective layer.1. A display device comprising:
a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area; a plurality of display elements arranged in the display area; and a pad disposed in the peripheral area and having a multi-layered structure, wherein the multi-layered structure of the pad comprises:
a metal layer;
a conductive protective layer on a top surface of the metal layer; and a metal thin film on a top surface of the conductive protective layer. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductive protective layer comprises a transparent conductive oxide. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein
a lateral surface of the multi-layered structure has a forward-tapered inclination. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein
Each of the metal layer and the metal thin film comprises at least one of Al, Pt, Pd, Ag, Mg, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, Mo, or Cu. 5. The display device of claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the metal layer is greater than a thickness of the conductive protective layer, and the thickness of the metal layer is greater than a thickness of the metal thin film. 6. The display device of claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the metal thin film is about 300 Å or less. 7. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the metal thin film comprises: a metal sub-layer including a metal element; and a metal oxide sub-layer on the metal sub-layer and including an oxide of the metal element of the metal sub-layer. 8. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
an insulating layer covering an edge of the multi-layered structure of the pad, wherein a hole is defined through the insulating layer to overlap the multi-layered structure of the pad. 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the insulating layer comprises: an inorganic insulating layer, through which a first hole is defined to overlap the multi-layered structure of the pad; and an organic insulating layer, through which a second hole is defined to overlap the multi-layered structure of the pad and the first hole. 10. The display device of claim 8, wherein
a third hole is defined through the metal thin film of the multi-layered structure to overlap the hole of the insulating layer. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein
the metal thin film comprises: a metal sub-layer including a first metal element; and a metal oxide sub-layer on a top surface of the metal sub-layer and including an oxide of the first metal element of the metal sub-layer. 12. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the multi-layered structure of the pad further comprises: a bottom metal layer on a bottom surface of the metal layer. 13. A display device comprising:
a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area; a display element in the display area; a pixel circuit comprising a thin film transistor and a storage capacitor, wherein the thin film transistor and the storage capacitor are electrically connected to the display element; and a pad in the peripheral area and having a forward-tapered lateral surface, wherein the pad has a multi-layered structure, and the multi-layered structure of the pad comprises:
a conductive layer comprising a transparent conductive oxide; and
a metal thin film on a top surface of the conductive layer. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein
the metal thin film comprises at least one of Al, Pt, Pd, Ag, Mg, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, Mo, or Cu. 15. The display device of claim 13, wherein
the metal thin film comprises: a metal sub-layer including a metal element; and a metal oxide sub-layer on a top surface of the metal sub-layer and including an oxide of the metal element of the metal sub-layer. 16. The display device of claim 15, further comprising:
an insulating layer covering an edge of the pad, wherein a hole is defined through the insulating layer to overlap the multi-layered structure of the pad. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein
a hole is defined through the metal thin film of the multi-layered structure to correspond to the hole of the insulating layer. 18. The display device of claim 13, wherein
at least one of an electrode of the thin film transistor or an electrode of the storage capacitor comprises a same number of sub-layers as the multi-layered structure of the pad. 19. The display device of claim 13, wherein
the multi-layered structure of the pad comprises a metal layer on a bottom surface of the conductive layer and having a thickness equal to or greater than about ½ a thickness of the pad. 20. The display device of claim 19, further comprising:
a bottom conductive layer on a bottom surface of the conductive layer, wherein the metal layer comprises at least one of Al, Pt, Pd, Ag, Mg, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, Mo, or Cu, and the bottom conductive layer comprises a metal element different from a metal element of the metal layer. | 3,600 |
348,909 | 16,806,392 | 3,663 | The present invention relates to a novel co-crystal of the compound of formula (I): | 1-59. (canceled) 60. A method of treating a subject with cancer, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a co-crystal of compound (I) and a co-former molecule, 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the molar ratio of compound (I): phosphoric acid in the co-crystal is 1:2. 62. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is a hydrate, and the molar ratio of compound (I): phosphoric acid: H2O in the co-crystal is 1:2:½. 63. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by any three, four or five of X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 7.6°, 12.0°, 20.3°, 23.5°, and 24.50°±0.2 in 2θ. 64. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 7.6°, 12.0°, 20.3°, 23.5°, and 24.5°±0.2 in 2θ. 65. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by any three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or eleven of X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 7.6°, 11.1°, 12.0°, 15.4°, 17.5°, 19.8°, 20.0°, 20.3°, 21.2°, 23.5°, 23.6°, and 24.5°±0.2 in 2θ. 66. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 7.6°, 11.1°, 12.0°, 15.4°, 17.5°, 19.8°, 20.0°, 20.3°, 21.2°, 23.5°, 23.6°, and 24.5°±0.2 in 2θ. 67. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) peak phase transition temperatures of 160±4° C. 68. The method of claim 60, wherein a hydrogen bonding is formed between the hydrogen of the phosphoric acid and the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring of compound (I) and the hydrogen bonding has a distance between 2.5-2.9 Å. 69. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by an 15N-Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (15N-ssNMR) peak at −122.5±2 ppm, and the intensity of the peak at −122.5 ppm is at least 40-70% less than the peak at −302 ppm. 70. The method of claim 60, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, or ovarian cancer. 71. The method of claim 60, wherein the cancer is lung cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer. 72. The method of claim 60, wherein the cancer is breast cancer. 73. A method of treating a subject with cancer, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a hydrobromide salt of compound (I) represented by the following structure formula: 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the salt is in unsolvated form. 75. The method of claim 73, wherein the crystalline hydrobromide salt is characterized by three or four of X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 5.90, 11.9°, 21.6°, and 22.0°±0.2 in 2θ. 76. The method of claim 73, wherein the crystalline hydrobromide salt is characterized by X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 5.90, 10.0°, 11.9°, 13.8°, 17.3°, 19.4°, 21.3°, 21.6°, and 22.0°±0.2 in 2θ. 77. The method of claim 73, wherein the hydrobromide salt is characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) peak phase transition temperatures of 221±2° C. 78. The method of claim 73, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, or ovarian cancer. 79. The method of claim 73, wherein the cancer is lung cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer. 80. The method of claim 73, wherein the cancer is breast cancer. | The present invention relates to a novel co-crystal of the compound of formula (I):1-59. (canceled) 60. A method of treating a subject with cancer, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a co-crystal of compound (I) and a co-former molecule, 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the molar ratio of compound (I): phosphoric acid in the co-crystal is 1:2. 62. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is a hydrate, and the molar ratio of compound (I): phosphoric acid: H2O in the co-crystal is 1:2:½. 63. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by any three, four or five of X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 7.6°, 12.0°, 20.3°, 23.5°, and 24.50°±0.2 in 2θ. 64. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 7.6°, 12.0°, 20.3°, 23.5°, and 24.5°±0.2 in 2θ. 65. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by any three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or eleven of X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 7.6°, 11.1°, 12.0°, 15.4°, 17.5°, 19.8°, 20.0°, 20.3°, 21.2°, 23.5°, 23.6°, and 24.5°±0.2 in 2θ. 66. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 7.6°, 11.1°, 12.0°, 15.4°, 17.5°, 19.8°, 20.0°, 20.3°, 21.2°, 23.5°, 23.6°, and 24.5°±0.2 in 2θ. 67. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) peak phase transition temperatures of 160±4° C. 68. The method of claim 60, wherein a hydrogen bonding is formed between the hydrogen of the phosphoric acid and the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring of compound (I) and the hydrogen bonding has a distance between 2.5-2.9 Å. 69. The method of claim 60, wherein the co-crystal is characterized by an 15N-Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (15N-ssNMR) peak at −122.5±2 ppm, and the intensity of the peak at −122.5 ppm is at least 40-70% less than the peak at −302 ppm. 70. The method of claim 60, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, or ovarian cancer. 71. The method of claim 60, wherein the cancer is lung cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer. 72. The method of claim 60, wherein the cancer is breast cancer. 73. A method of treating a subject with cancer, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a hydrobromide salt of compound (I) represented by the following structure formula: 74. The method of claim 73, wherein the salt is in unsolvated form. 75. The method of claim 73, wherein the crystalline hydrobromide salt is characterized by three or four of X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 5.90, 11.9°, 21.6°, and 22.0°±0.2 in 2θ. 76. The method of claim 73, wherein the crystalline hydrobromide salt is characterized by X-ray powder diffraction pattern peaks at 5.90, 10.0°, 11.9°, 13.8°, 17.3°, 19.4°, 21.3°, 21.6°, and 22.0°±0.2 in 2θ. 77. The method of claim 73, wherein the hydrobromide salt is characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) peak phase transition temperatures of 221±2° C. 78. The method of claim 73, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, or ovarian cancer. 79. The method of claim 73, wherein the cancer is lung cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer. 80. The method of claim 73, wherein the cancer is breast cancer. | 3,600 |
348,910 | 16,806,439 | 3,663 | This specification describes a power distribution system comprising a first section that receives power from a first source. The power at the first section is adjusted by a rectifier coupled to a power bus of the first section. The system includes a second section that is separate from the first section and that receives power from a second source. The power at the second section is adjusted by a rectifier coupled to a power bus of the second distribution section. The system includes a swing rectifier connected to each of the first and second sections. The swing rectifier is configured to provide power to the first power bus and to the second power bus and to dynamically adjust the power capacity of the first section that is available to computing loads, and to dynamically adjust the power capacity of the second section that is available to computing loads. | 1. (canceled) 2. A power distribution system, comprising:
multiple distribution sections and a swing rectifier coupled to at least two of the multiple sections, the multiple distribution sections including:
a first distribution section that receives power from a first source, the first distribution section being one of the at least two distribution sections to which the swing rectifier is coupled; and
a second distribution section that receives power from a second source, the second distribution section being one of the at least two distribution sections to which the swing rectifier is coupled; and
a controller coupled to the swing rectifier and to the first and second distribution sections, the controller including a processor and a non-transitory machine-readable storage device storing instructions that are executable by the processor to cause performance of operations comprising:
detecting, by the controller, a respective power demand at each of the first distribution section and the second distribution section;
adjusting, by the swing rectifier, a power capacity of the first distribution section in response to detecting that the power demand at the first distribution section exceeds a threshold; and
adjusting, by the swing rectifier, a power capacity of the second distribution section in response to detecting that the power demand at the second distribution section exceeds the threshold. 3. The power distribution system of claim 2, wherein the operations further comprise:
providing, by the controller, control signals to the swing rectifier in response to detecting that the respective power demand at each of the first and second distribution sections exceed the threshold; and adjusting the respective power capacity at each of the first distribution section and the second distribution section in response to providing the control signals to the swing rectifier. 4. The power distribution system of claim 2, wherein adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
dynamically adjusting, by the swing rectifier, the power capacity of the first distribution section in response to the controller detecting a transient increase in power demand from a load. 5. The power distribution system of claim 4, wherein dynamically adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
temporarily increasing an amount of peak power of a first power bus connected in the first distribution section based on transient increases in power demand from the load. 6. The power distribution system of claim 4, wherein adjusting the power capacity of the second distribution section comprises:
dynamically adjusting, by the swing rectifier, the power capacity of the second distribution section in response to the controller detecting the transient increase in power demand from the load. 7. The power distribution system of claim 5, wherein dynamically adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
temporarily increasing an amount of peak power of a second power bus connected in the second distribution section based on transient increases in power demand from the load. 8. The power distribution system of claim 7, wherein the transient increases in power demanded from the load include demands for power that exceed a normal power capacity of a power bus connected in one of the multiple distribution sections. 9. The power distribution system of claim 2, wherein:
the power distribution system comprises a plurality of swing rectifiers; the first and second distribution sections of the power distribution system are located in an information facility; and the operations comprise controlling, by the controller, dynamic scaling of available power at the information facility using each swing rectifier of the plurality of swing rectifiers. 10. The power distribution system of claim 2, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining an energy demand of a data center that includes a plurality of systems; and based on the determined energy demand of the data center, adjusting, using the swing rectifier, an amount of power that is available at each of the multiple distribution sections that supply power to the plurality of systems in the data center. 11. The power distribution system of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to adjusting the amount of power, providing power to a subset of the plurality of systems using the available power at the first distribution section or the available power at the second distribution section to satisfy a transient increase in the energy demand of the data center. 12. The power distribution system of claim 2, wherein the second distribution section is separate and spaced-apart from the first distribution section. 13. A method performed using a power distribution system comprising multiple sections, a swing rectifier coupled to at least two of the multiple sections, and a controller coupled to at least one of the multiple sections and the swing rectifier, the method comprising:
receiving, at a first distribution section, power from a first source, the first distribution section being one of the at least two sections to which the swing rectifier is coupled; receiving, at a second distribution section, power from a second source, the second distribution section being one of the at least two sections to which the swing rectifier is coupled; detecting, by the controller, a respective power demand at each of the first distribution section and the second distribution section; adjusting, by the swing rectifier, a power capacity of the first distribution section in response to detecting that the power demand at the first distribution section exceeds a threshold; and adjusting, by the swing rectifier, a power capacity of the second distribution section in response to detecting that the power demand at the second distribution section exceeds the threshold. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
providing, by the controller, control signals to the swing rectifier in response to detecting that the respective power demand at each of the first and second distribution sections exceed the threshold; and adjusting the respective power capacity at each of the first distribution section and the second distribution section in response to providing the control signals to the swing rectifier. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
dynamically adjusting, by the swing rectifier, the power capacity of the first distribution section in response to the controller detecting a transient increase in power demand from a load. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein dynamically adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
temporarily increasing an amount of peak power of a first power bus connected in the first distribution section based on transient increases in power demand from the load. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein adjusting the power capacity of the second distribution section comprises:
dynamically adjusting, by the swing rectifier, the power capacity of the second distribution section in response to the controller detecting the transient increase in power demand from the load. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein dynamically adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
temporarily increasing an amount of peak power of a second power bus connected in the second distribution section based on transient increases in power demand from the load. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the transient increases in power demanded from the load include demands for power that exceed a normal power capacity of a power bus connected in one of the multiple distribution sections. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the power distribution system comprises a plurality of swing rectifiers; the first and second distribution sections of the power distribution system are located in an information facility; and the method comprises controlling, by the controller, dynamic scaling of available power at the information facility using each swing rectifier of the plurality of swing rectifiers. 21. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining an energy demand of a data center that includes a plurality of systems; and based on the determined energy demand of the data center, adjusting, using the swing rectifier, an amount of power that is available at each of the multiple distribution sections that supply power to the plurality of systems in the data center. | This specification describes a power distribution system comprising a first section that receives power from a first source. The power at the first section is adjusted by a rectifier coupled to a power bus of the first section. The system includes a second section that is separate from the first section and that receives power from a second source. The power at the second section is adjusted by a rectifier coupled to a power bus of the second distribution section. The system includes a swing rectifier connected to each of the first and second sections. The swing rectifier is configured to provide power to the first power bus and to the second power bus and to dynamically adjust the power capacity of the first section that is available to computing loads, and to dynamically adjust the power capacity of the second section that is available to computing loads.1. (canceled) 2. A power distribution system, comprising:
multiple distribution sections and a swing rectifier coupled to at least two of the multiple sections, the multiple distribution sections including:
a first distribution section that receives power from a first source, the first distribution section being one of the at least two distribution sections to which the swing rectifier is coupled; and
a second distribution section that receives power from a second source, the second distribution section being one of the at least two distribution sections to which the swing rectifier is coupled; and
a controller coupled to the swing rectifier and to the first and second distribution sections, the controller including a processor and a non-transitory machine-readable storage device storing instructions that are executable by the processor to cause performance of operations comprising:
detecting, by the controller, a respective power demand at each of the first distribution section and the second distribution section;
adjusting, by the swing rectifier, a power capacity of the first distribution section in response to detecting that the power demand at the first distribution section exceeds a threshold; and
adjusting, by the swing rectifier, a power capacity of the second distribution section in response to detecting that the power demand at the second distribution section exceeds the threshold. 3. The power distribution system of claim 2, wherein the operations further comprise:
providing, by the controller, control signals to the swing rectifier in response to detecting that the respective power demand at each of the first and second distribution sections exceed the threshold; and adjusting the respective power capacity at each of the first distribution section and the second distribution section in response to providing the control signals to the swing rectifier. 4. The power distribution system of claim 2, wherein adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
dynamically adjusting, by the swing rectifier, the power capacity of the first distribution section in response to the controller detecting a transient increase in power demand from a load. 5. The power distribution system of claim 4, wherein dynamically adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
temporarily increasing an amount of peak power of a first power bus connected in the first distribution section based on transient increases in power demand from the load. 6. The power distribution system of claim 4, wherein adjusting the power capacity of the second distribution section comprises:
dynamically adjusting, by the swing rectifier, the power capacity of the second distribution section in response to the controller detecting the transient increase in power demand from the load. 7. The power distribution system of claim 5, wherein dynamically adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
temporarily increasing an amount of peak power of a second power bus connected in the second distribution section based on transient increases in power demand from the load. 8. The power distribution system of claim 7, wherein the transient increases in power demanded from the load include demands for power that exceed a normal power capacity of a power bus connected in one of the multiple distribution sections. 9. The power distribution system of claim 2, wherein:
the power distribution system comprises a plurality of swing rectifiers; the first and second distribution sections of the power distribution system are located in an information facility; and the operations comprise controlling, by the controller, dynamic scaling of available power at the information facility using each swing rectifier of the plurality of swing rectifiers. 10. The power distribution system of claim 2, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining an energy demand of a data center that includes a plurality of systems; and based on the determined energy demand of the data center, adjusting, using the swing rectifier, an amount of power that is available at each of the multiple distribution sections that supply power to the plurality of systems in the data center. 11. The power distribution system of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to adjusting the amount of power, providing power to a subset of the plurality of systems using the available power at the first distribution section or the available power at the second distribution section to satisfy a transient increase in the energy demand of the data center. 12. The power distribution system of claim 2, wherein the second distribution section is separate and spaced-apart from the first distribution section. 13. A method performed using a power distribution system comprising multiple sections, a swing rectifier coupled to at least two of the multiple sections, and a controller coupled to at least one of the multiple sections and the swing rectifier, the method comprising:
receiving, at a first distribution section, power from a first source, the first distribution section being one of the at least two sections to which the swing rectifier is coupled; receiving, at a second distribution section, power from a second source, the second distribution section being one of the at least two sections to which the swing rectifier is coupled; detecting, by the controller, a respective power demand at each of the first distribution section and the second distribution section; adjusting, by the swing rectifier, a power capacity of the first distribution section in response to detecting that the power demand at the first distribution section exceeds a threshold; and adjusting, by the swing rectifier, a power capacity of the second distribution section in response to detecting that the power demand at the second distribution section exceeds the threshold. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
providing, by the controller, control signals to the swing rectifier in response to detecting that the respective power demand at each of the first and second distribution sections exceed the threshold; and adjusting the respective power capacity at each of the first distribution section and the second distribution section in response to providing the control signals to the swing rectifier. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
dynamically adjusting, by the swing rectifier, the power capacity of the first distribution section in response to the controller detecting a transient increase in power demand from a load. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein dynamically adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
temporarily increasing an amount of peak power of a first power bus connected in the first distribution section based on transient increases in power demand from the load. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein adjusting the power capacity of the second distribution section comprises:
dynamically adjusting, by the swing rectifier, the power capacity of the second distribution section in response to the controller detecting the transient increase in power demand from the load. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein dynamically adjusting the power capacity of the first distribution section comprises:
temporarily increasing an amount of peak power of a second power bus connected in the second distribution section based on transient increases in power demand from the load. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the transient increases in power demanded from the load include demands for power that exceed a normal power capacity of a power bus connected in one of the multiple distribution sections. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the power distribution system comprises a plurality of swing rectifiers; the first and second distribution sections of the power distribution system are located in an information facility; and the method comprises controlling, by the controller, dynamic scaling of available power at the information facility using each swing rectifier of the plurality of swing rectifiers. 21. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining an energy demand of a data center that includes a plurality of systems; and based on the determined energy demand of the data center, adjusting, using the swing rectifier, an amount of power that is available at each of the multiple distribution sections that supply power to the plurality of systems in the data center. | 3,600 |
348,911 | 16,806,460 | 3,663 | The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device package. The semiconductor device package includes a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, an antenna module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate, an electronic component module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate, and a first package body encapsulating the antenna module and the electronic component module. The antenna module has a first surface facing the first surface of the first substrate, a second surface opposite to the first surface of the antenna module, and a lateral surface extending between the first surface of the antenna module and the second surface of the antenna module. The lateral surface of the antenna module faces the electronic component module. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device package is also provided. | 1. A semiconductor device package, comprising:
a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; an antenna module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate, the antenna module having a first surface facing the first surface of the first substrate, a second surface opposite to the first surface of the antenna module, and a lateral surface extending between the first surface of the antenna module and the second surface of the antenna module; an electronic component module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate, wherein the lateral surface of the antenna module faces the electronic component module; and a first package body encapsulating the antenna module and the electronic component module. 2. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna module further comprises:
a second substrate having a first surface facing away the first substrate and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a first set of dielectric layers disposed on the first surface of the second substrate; and a first antenna pattern disposed within at least one of the first set of dielectric layers. 3. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 2, wherein the antenna module further comprises:
a second set of dielectric layers disposed on the second surface of the second substrate; and a feeding line disposed within at least one of the second set of dielectric layers and electrically connected to the antenna pattern and the first substrate. 4. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 3, wherein a number of layers of the first set of dielectric layers is the same as a number of layers of the second set of dielectric layers. 5. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 3, wherein a thickness of the first set of dielectric layers is substantially the same as a thickness of the second set of dielectric layers. 6. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 2, wherein the antenna module further includes a second antenna pattern disposed on the first set of dielectric layers, wherein the second antenna pattern is substantially aligned with the first antenna pattern. 7. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a third antenna pattern disposed on the first package body, wherein the third antenna pattern is substantially aligned with the first antenna pattern. 8. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 2, wherein a material of the first set of dielectric layers is different from a material of the first package body. 9. The semiconductor device package of claim 1, further comprising a shielding layer disposed on the first package body. 10. The semiconductor device package of claim 1, wherein the electronic component module further comprises:
a third substrate; an electronic component disposed on the third substrate and connected to the first substrate through the third substrate; and a second package body encapsulating the electronic component. 11. The semiconductor device package of claim 10, wherein the third substrate of the electronic component module is isolated from air by the first package body. 12. The semiconductor device package of claim 10, further comprising a shielding layer disposed on the second package body. 13. The semiconductor device package of claim 2, wherein the first substrate further comprises a grounding layer at least substantially aligned with the first antenna pattern. 14. A semiconductor device package, comprising:
a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; an electronic component module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate; an antenna module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate and side by side with the electronic component module, the antenna module including a first antenna layer; a package body encapsulating the antenna module; and a second antenna layer disposed on the package body and substantially aligned with the first antenna layer. 15. The semiconductor device package of claim 14, wherein the antenna module further comprising:
a carrier having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a first dielectric layer disposed on the first surface of the carrier, the first antenna pattern being disposed on the first dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer disposed on the second surface of the carrier; and a feeding line disposed within the second dielectric layer and electrically connected to the first antenna pattern and the first substrate. 16. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 15, wherein a thickness of the first dielectric layer is substantially the same as a thickness of the second dielectric layer. 17. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 14, wherein the package body further encapsulates the electronic component module. 18. The semiconductor device package of claim 14, wherein the first substrate further comprises a grounding layer at least substantially aligned with the first antenna layer. 19. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device package, comprising:
providing a carrier; disposing an antenna module on the carrier, wherein the antenna module having an antenna pattern and a feeding line connected with the antenna pattern; removing the carrier to expose a portion of the feeding line; and after removing the carrier, forming a grounding layer in corresponding to the antenna pattern. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
forming an interconnection structure to electrically connect to the exposed portion of the feeding line. | The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device package. The semiconductor device package includes a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, an antenna module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate, an electronic component module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate, and a first package body encapsulating the antenna module and the electronic component module. The antenna module has a first surface facing the first surface of the first substrate, a second surface opposite to the first surface of the antenna module, and a lateral surface extending between the first surface of the antenna module and the second surface of the antenna module. The lateral surface of the antenna module faces the electronic component module. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device package is also provided.1. A semiconductor device package, comprising:
a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; an antenna module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate, the antenna module having a first surface facing the first surface of the first substrate, a second surface opposite to the first surface of the antenna module, and a lateral surface extending between the first surface of the antenna module and the second surface of the antenna module; an electronic component module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate, wherein the lateral surface of the antenna module faces the electronic component module; and a first package body encapsulating the antenna module and the electronic component module. 2. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna module further comprises:
a second substrate having a first surface facing away the first substrate and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a first set of dielectric layers disposed on the first surface of the second substrate; and a first antenna pattern disposed within at least one of the first set of dielectric layers. 3. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 2, wherein the antenna module further comprises:
a second set of dielectric layers disposed on the second surface of the second substrate; and a feeding line disposed within at least one of the second set of dielectric layers and electrically connected to the antenna pattern and the first substrate. 4. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 3, wherein a number of layers of the first set of dielectric layers is the same as a number of layers of the second set of dielectric layers. 5. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 3, wherein a thickness of the first set of dielectric layers is substantially the same as a thickness of the second set of dielectric layers. 6. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 2, wherein the antenna module further includes a second antenna pattern disposed on the first set of dielectric layers, wherein the second antenna pattern is substantially aligned with the first antenna pattern. 7. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a third antenna pattern disposed on the first package body, wherein the third antenna pattern is substantially aligned with the first antenna pattern. 8. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 2, wherein a material of the first set of dielectric layers is different from a material of the first package body. 9. The semiconductor device package of claim 1, further comprising a shielding layer disposed on the first package body. 10. The semiconductor device package of claim 1, wherein the electronic component module further comprises:
a third substrate; an electronic component disposed on the third substrate and connected to the first substrate through the third substrate; and a second package body encapsulating the electronic component. 11. The semiconductor device package of claim 10, wherein the third substrate of the electronic component module is isolated from air by the first package body. 12. The semiconductor device package of claim 10, further comprising a shielding layer disposed on the second package body. 13. The semiconductor device package of claim 2, wherein the first substrate further comprises a grounding layer at least substantially aligned with the first antenna pattern. 14. A semiconductor device package, comprising:
a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; an electronic component module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate; an antenna module disposed on the first surface of the first substrate and side by side with the electronic component module, the antenna module including a first antenna layer; a package body encapsulating the antenna module; and a second antenna layer disposed on the package body and substantially aligned with the first antenna layer. 15. The semiconductor device package of claim 14, wherein the antenna module further comprising:
a carrier having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a first dielectric layer disposed on the first surface of the carrier, the first antenna pattern being disposed on the first dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer disposed on the second surface of the carrier; and a feeding line disposed within the second dielectric layer and electrically connected to the first antenna pattern and the first substrate. 16. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 15, wherein a thickness of the first dielectric layer is substantially the same as a thickness of the second dielectric layer. 17. The semiconductor device package as claimed in claim 14, wherein the package body further encapsulates the electronic component module. 18. The semiconductor device package of claim 14, wherein the first substrate further comprises a grounding layer at least substantially aligned with the first antenna layer. 19. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device package, comprising:
providing a carrier; disposing an antenna module on the carrier, wherein the antenna module having an antenna pattern and a feeding line connected with the antenna pattern; removing the carrier to expose a portion of the feeding line; and after removing the carrier, forming a grounding layer in corresponding to the antenna pattern. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
forming an interconnection structure to electrically connect to the exposed portion of the feeding line. | 3,600 |
348,912 | 16,806,403 | 3,663 | Debris filters for automatic swimming pool cleaners may be formed of metal, carbon fibers, or composites more rigid than soft nylon bags. In at least one version, the filter may be made of, or include, steel or stainless steel. Non-uniform sizes, densities, and/or shapes of openings in the filtration material may be created to provide different levels of filtration in a single device. | 1. A debris filter for an automatic swimming pool cleaner formed of or including metal, carbon fibers, or composite materials. 2. A debris filter according to claim 1 formed of at least one solid sheet of metal in which openings have been created. 3. A debris filter according to claim 2 comprising a frame to which the sheet of metal is attached. 4. A debris filter according to claim 3 in which the openings are of non-uniform size, shape, or density. 5. A debris filter according to claim 4 in which (a) the sheet of metal comprises first and second regions and (b) at least some of the openings in the first region are of different size than at least some of the openings in the second region. 6. A debris filter according to claim 5 in which the sheet of metal is attached to the frame by overmolding or gluing. 7. A debris filter according to claim 6 in which the openings are formed by applying a corrosive chemical to a screen placed atop the sheet of metal. 8. A debris filter for an automatic swimming pool cleaner formed of or including a sheet of metal, carbon fibers, or composite materials, with the sheet comprising first and second regions, each of the first and second regions including a plurality of openings, with the plurality of openings included in the first region being of different size than the plurality of openings included in the second region. 9. An automatic swimming pool cleaner comprising:
a. a source of motive power for movement within a swimming pool; and b. a debris filter comprising:
i. a frame sufficiently rigid to retain its shape in use; and
ii. a mesh (A) attached to the frame and (B) comprising at least one sheet of metal defining first and second regions in which openings exist, with at least some openings of the first region differing in size, shape, or density from at least some openings of the second region. 10. A method of cleaning a swimming pool, comprising:
a. introducing into the swimming pool an automatic swimming pool cleaner comprising a debris filter comprising at least one solid sheet of metal in which openings have been formed; and b. causing water of the swimming pool to enter the debris filter through the openings for filtering and thereafter to exit the debris filter to return, directly or indirectly, to the swimming pool. 11. A method according to claim 10 in which the openings are of non-uniform size, shape, or density. 12. A method according to claim 11 in which the at least one solid sheet of metal defines first and second regions, with at least some openings of the first region differing in size from at least some openings of the second region. | Debris filters for automatic swimming pool cleaners may be formed of metal, carbon fibers, or composites more rigid than soft nylon bags. In at least one version, the filter may be made of, or include, steel or stainless steel. Non-uniform sizes, densities, and/or shapes of openings in the filtration material may be created to provide different levels of filtration in a single device.1. A debris filter for an automatic swimming pool cleaner formed of or including metal, carbon fibers, or composite materials. 2. A debris filter according to claim 1 formed of at least one solid sheet of metal in which openings have been created. 3. A debris filter according to claim 2 comprising a frame to which the sheet of metal is attached. 4. A debris filter according to claim 3 in which the openings are of non-uniform size, shape, or density. 5. A debris filter according to claim 4 in which (a) the sheet of metal comprises first and second regions and (b) at least some of the openings in the first region are of different size than at least some of the openings in the second region. 6. A debris filter according to claim 5 in which the sheet of metal is attached to the frame by overmolding or gluing. 7. A debris filter according to claim 6 in which the openings are formed by applying a corrosive chemical to a screen placed atop the sheet of metal. 8. A debris filter for an automatic swimming pool cleaner formed of or including a sheet of metal, carbon fibers, or composite materials, with the sheet comprising first and second regions, each of the first and second regions including a plurality of openings, with the plurality of openings included in the first region being of different size than the plurality of openings included in the second region. 9. An automatic swimming pool cleaner comprising:
a. a source of motive power for movement within a swimming pool; and b. a debris filter comprising:
i. a frame sufficiently rigid to retain its shape in use; and
ii. a mesh (A) attached to the frame and (B) comprising at least one sheet of metal defining first and second regions in which openings exist, with at least some openings of the first region differing in size, shape, or density from at least some openings of the second region. 10. A method of cleaning a swimming pool, comprising:
a. introducing into the swimming pool an automatic swimming pool cleaner comprising a debris filter comprising at least one solid sheet of metal in which openings have been formed; and b. causing water of the swimming pool to enter the debris filter through the openings for filtering and thereafter to exit the debris filter to return, directly or indirectly, to the swimming pool. 11. A method according to claim 10 in which the openings are of non-uniform size, shape, or density. 12. A method according to claim 11 in which the at least one solid sheet of metal defines first and second regions, with at least some openings of the first region differing in size from at least some openings of the second region. | 3,600 |
348,913 | 16,806,457 | 3,663 | Provided is a method and a remote diagnostic system that can be used for signage applications that includes a plurality of LED-based signs, each having one or more corresponding LED signage drivers, one or more controllers for real-time monitoring and controlling the LEDs in the LED-based signs, a commissioning application (“app”) for commissioning, the one or more controllers, an information system or cloud network for storing information received from and sending commands to, the one or more controllers related to the LED-based signs, and at least one sensor. | 1. A remote diagnostic system for signage applications, the system comprising:
one or more light emitting diode-based signs comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes, each having one or more corresponding light emitting diode signage drivers; one or more controllers configured to perform at least one of (i) real-time monitoring and (ii) controlling the light emitting diodes in the light emitting diode-based signs; a commissioning application configured to commission the one or more controllers; an information system in a cloud network, for storing information received from the one or more controllers and the commissioning application, related to the one or more light emitting diode-based signs; and one or more sensors in communication with the one or more controllers to sense parameter information of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs, wherein the parameter information comprises a status of at least one of the one or more light emitting diode signage drivers, and wherein the one or more controllers are configured to detect a fault in the at least one light emitting diode signage driver based upon the parameter information; wherein the commissioning application is further configured to allow a user to authenticate the commissioning application with the information system and to create a digital representation of a signage system including the one or more light emitting diode-based signs and the one or more controllers in the information system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the light emitting diode-based signs are in different physical locations and the digital representation of the signage system includes information usable to identify the different physical locations. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the commissioning application is web-based. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the commissioning application is browser-based interface accessible via a remote computer system. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the commissioning application is an application running natively on the remote computer system. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein a user accesses the commissioning application and the commissioning application transmits a signal to the one or more controllers requesting the parameter information corresponding to the one or more light emitting diode-based signs. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein a user accesses the cloud network to view details and parameter information received from the one or more controllers in the LED-based signs, wherein the information is pushed to the information system on the cloud network from the one or more controllers and the commissioning application. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the parameter information further comprises one or more of status of the light emitting diodes, electrical parameters of an light emitting diode-based signs, status of the one or more controllers, location of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs, elevation or height of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs, and overall operational status of the one or more light emitting diode-based sign. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more controllers are disposed within the one or more light emitting diode-based signs and in electrical communication with the plurality of light emitting diodes, and configured to: (i) monitor a status of the light emitting diodes and control the light emitting diodes in real-time, and (ii) transmit status information to and receive instructions from the commissioning application over the cloud network. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein each controller of the one or more controllers comprises:
one or more microcontrollers; an internal power supply interface to be connected with the power supply of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs; and at least one communication network. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one communication network comprises at least one of an ethernet interface and a wireless network interface. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more sensors are disposed within each one or more controllers and connected thereto. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more sensors are external to each one or more controllers and connected thereto. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more sensors comprises one or more of lights sensors, vibration sensors, humidity sensors, or temperature sensors to obtain further parameter information associated with the light emitting diode-based signs. 15. A controller for a light emitting diode sign, the controller being disposed within or adjacent to the light emitting diode-based sign and in electrical communication with a plurality of light emitting diodes thereof, and configured to:
(i) monitor a status of the light emitting diodes and control the light emitting diodes in real-time, each of the light emitting diodes having one or more corresponding light emitting diode signage drivers, and (ii) transmit parameter information to and receive instructions from a commissioning application, over a cloud network, for monitoring and controlling the light emitting diodes of the light emitting diode-based sign, wherein the parameter information comprises a status of at least one of the plurality of light emitting diodes, and wherein the controller is further configured to detect a fault associated with the at least one light emitting diode based upon the parameter information, wherein the commissioning application is authenticated with the information system. 16. The controller of claim 15, wherein a user accesses the commissioning application and the commissioning application transmits a signal to the controller requesting the parameter information corresponding to the light emitting diode-based sign. 17. The controller of claim 16, wherein the parameter information further comprises one or more of status of the light emitting diodes, electrical parameters of an light emitting diode-based signs, status of the one or more controllers, location of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs, elevation or height of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs, and overall operational status of the one or more light emitting diode-based sign. 18. The controller of claim 17, wherein the controller comprises:
one or more microcontrollers; an internal power supply interface to be connected with the power supply of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs; and at least one communication interface. 19. The controller of claim 18, wherein the controller further comprises a sensor sensing the parameter information of the light emitting diode-based sign. 20. The controller of claim 19, wherein the controller interfaces with a sensor sensing the parameter information wherein the sensor is external to the controller and connected thereto. 21. A method for remotely controlling a light emitting diode-based sign over a cloud network, the method comprising:
providing a one or more light emitting diode-based signs, each having one or more corresponding light emitting diode signage drivers; commissioning, via a commissioning application, one or more controllers for monitoring and controlling the light emitting diodes in the light emitting diode-based signs, the commissioning application configured to allow a user to authenticate the commissioning application with the information system; performing, via the one or more controllers, at least one of (i) real-time monitoring and (ii) controlling of the light emitting diode-based signs; sensing, via one or more sensors in communication with the one or more controllers, parameter information of the light emitting diodes, and transmitting the parameter information to an information system or database which is housed remotely or on a cloud network for storing the information from the one or more controllers and to the commissioning application, wherein the parameter information comprises a status of at least one of the one or more light emitting diodes, and detecting a fault associated with the at least one light emitting diode based upon the parameter information. | Provided is a method and a remote diagnostic system that can be used for signage applications that includes a plurality of LED-based signs, each having one or more corresponding LED signage drivers, one or more controllers for real-time monitoring and controlling the LEDs in the LED-based signs, a commissioning application (“app”) for commissioning, the one or more controllers, an information system or cloud network for storing information received from and sending commands to, the one or more controllers related to the LED-based signs, and at least one sensor.1. A remote diagnostic system for signage applications, the system comprising:
one or more light emitting diode-based signs comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes, each having one or more corresponding light emitting diode signage drivers; one or more controllers configured to perform at least one of (i) real-time monitoring and (ii) controlling the light emitting diodes in the light emitting diode-based signs; a commissioning application configured to commission the one or more controllers; an information system in a cloud network, for storing information received from the one or more controllers and the commissioning application, related to the one or more light emitting diode-based signs; and one or more sensors in communication with the one or more controllers to sense parameter information of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs, wherein the parameter information comprises a status of at least one of the one or more light emitting diode signage drivers, and wherein the one or more controllers are configured to detect a fault in the at least one light emitting diode signage driver based upon the parameter information; wherein the commissioning application is further configured to allow a user to authenticate the commissioning application with the information system and to create a digital representation of a signage system including the one or more light emitting diode-based signs and the one or more controllers in the information system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the light emitting diode-based signs are in different physical locations and the digital representation of the signage system includes information usable to identify the different physical locations. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the commissioning application is web-based. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the commissioning application is browser-based interface accessible via a remote computer system. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the commissioning application is an application running natively on the remote computer system. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein a user accesses the commissioning application and the commissioning application transmits a signal to the one or more controllers requesting the parameter information corresponding to the one or more light emitting diode-based signs. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein a user accesses the cloud network to view details and parameter information received from the one or more controllers in the LED-based signs, wherein the information is pushed to the information system on the cloud network from the one or more controllers and the commissioning application. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the parameter information further comprises one or more of status of the light emitting diodes, electrical parameters of an light emitting diode-based signs, status of the one or more controllers, location of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs, elevation or height of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs, and overall operational status of the one or more light emitting diode-based sign. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more controllers are disposed within the one or more light emitting diode-based signs and in electrical communication with the plurality of light emitting diodes, and configured to: (i) monitor a status of the light emitting diodes and control the light emitting diodes in real-time, and (ii) transmit status information to and receive instructions from the commissioning application over the cloud network. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein each controller of the one or more controllers comprises:
one or more microcontrollers; an internal power supply interface to be connected with the power supply of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs; and at least one communication network. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one communication network comprises at least one of an ethernet interface and a wireless network interface. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more sensors are disposed within each one or more controllers and connected thereto. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more sensors are external to each one or more controllers and connected thereto. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more sensors comprises one or more of lights sensors, vibration sensors, humidity sensors, or temperature sensors to obtain further parameter information associated with the light emitting diode-based signs. 15. A controller for a light emitting diode sign, the controller being disposed within or adjacent to the light emitting diode-based sign and in electrical communication with a plurality of light emitting diodes thereof, and configured to:
(i) monitor a status of the light emitting diodes and control the light emitting diodes in real-time, each of the light emitting diodes having one or more corresponding light emitting diode signage drivers, and (ii) transmit parameter information to and receive instructions from a commissioning application, over a cloud network, for monitoring and controlling the light emitting diodes of the light emitting diode-based sign, wherein the parameter information comprises a status of at least one of the plurality of light emitting diodes, and wherein the controller is further configured to detect a fault associated with the at least one light emitting diode based upon the parameter information, wherein the commissioning application is authenticated with the information system. 16. The controller of claim 15, wherein a user accesses the commissioning application and the commissioning application transmits a signal to the controller requesting the parameter information corresponding to the light emitting diode-based sign. 17. The controller of claim 16, wherein the parameter information further comprises one or more of status of the light emitting diodes, electrical parameters of an light emitting diode-based signs, status of the one or more controllers, location of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs, elevation or height of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs, and overall operational status of the one or more light emitting diode-based sign. 18. The controller of claim 17, wherein the controller comprises:
one or more microcontrollers; an internal power supply interface to be connected with the power supply of the one or more light emitting diode-based signs; and at least one communication interface. 19. The controller of claim 18, wherein the controller further comprises a sensor sensing the parameter information of the light emitting diode-based sign. 20. The controller of claim 19, wherein the controller interfaces with a sensor sensing the parameter information wherein the sensor is external to the controller and connected thereto. 21. A method for remotely controlling a light emitting diode-based sign over a cloud network, the method comprising:
providing a one or more light emitting diode-based signs, each having one or more corresponding light emitting diode signage drivers; commissioning, via a commissioning application, one or more controllers for monitoring and controlling the light emitting diodes in the light emitting diode-based signs, the commissioning application configured to allow a user to authenticate the commissioning application with the information system; performing, via the one or more controllers, at least one of (i) real-time monitoring and (ii) controlling of the light emitting diode-based signs; sensing, via one or more sensors in communication with the one or more controllers, parameter information of the light emitting diodes, and transmitting the parameter information to an information system or database which is housed remotely or on a cloud network for storing the information from the one or more controllers and to the commissioning application, wherein the parameter information comprises a status of at least one of the one or more light emitting diodes, and detecting a fault associated with the at least one light emitting diode based upon the parameter information. | 3,600 |
348,914 | 16,806,458 | 3,663 | A method of executing an application program in an electronic apparatus is provided. The method includes storing device support information corresponding to at least one application program, receiving device information from an external device, searching for one or more application programs supporting the external device based on the device information and the device support information, and executing an application program among the found one or more application programs. | 1. A portable communication device comprising:
a touch screen display; an interface to support a universal serial bus (USB) connection between the portable communication device and an external device; memory to store a plurality of application including first and second specified applications to access data stored in the external device via the USB connection; and a processor adapted to:
detect that the portable communication device is electrically connected with the external device via the interface;
after the detecting, determine that the external device corresponds to a specified device based at least in part on information obtained using the interface; and
display, via the touchscreen display, a first indication indicative of the first specified application, and a second indication indicative of the second specified application, based at least in part on the determining. | A method of executing an application program in an electronic apparatus is provided. The method includes storing device support information corresponding to at least one application program, receiving device information from an external device, searching for one or more application programs supporting the external device based on the device information and the device support information, and executing an application program among the found one or more application programs.1. A portable communication device comprising:
a touch screen display; an interface to support a universal serial bus (USB) connection between the portable communication device and an external device; memory to store a plurality of application including first and second specified applications to access data stored in the external device via the USB connection; and a processor adapted to:
detect that the portable communication device is electrically connected with the external device via the interface;
after the detecting, determine that the external device corresponds to a specified device based at least in part on information obtained using the interface; and
display, via the touchscreen display, a first indication indicative of the first specified application, and a second indication indicative of the second specified application, based at least in part on the determining. | 3,600 |
348,915 | 16,806,464 | 3,675 | A closure panel latch assembly can include an overslam bumper mechanism comprising a biasing element as a spring formed from a metallic material positioned relative to a slot of the latch assembly. The biasing element resists entry of a striker into the slot beyond a selected position in order to inhibit contact of the striker with a bottom end of the slot. Also provided is a closure panel latch assembly configured with the biasing element as a resilient element positioned relative to the slot of the latch assembly; The biasing element is coupled to the striker engagement member, such that the striker engagement member is positioned to engage the striker and resist travel of the striker towards the bottom end, wherein the biasing element controls the resistance to movement of the striker engagement member by the striker. | 1. A closure panel latch assembly including an overslam bumper mechanism, comprising:
a biasing element as a spring formed from a metallic material positioned relative to a slot of the latch assembly such that the biasing element resists entry of a striker into the slot beyond a selected position in order to inhibit contact of the striker with a bottom end of the slot. 2. The closure panel latch assembly as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a striker engagement member coupled to the biasing element, the striker engagement member positioned to engage the striker and resist travel of the striker towards the bottom end, wherein the biasing element controls the resistance to movement of the striker engagement member by the striker. 3. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 2, wherein the biasing element is positioned adjacent to the bottom end of the slot. 4. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 2 further comprising latch components of a ratchet and a pawl, such that the striker engagement member is biased towards the striker in a first direction and the ratchet is biased by the pawl towards the striker in a second direction opposite to the first direction. 5. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 4, wherein the striker engagement member and the ratchet are mounted on the same pivot. 6. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 4, wherein one end of the biasing element is coupled to a mounting plate of the latch assembly and another end of the biasing element is coupled to the striker engagement member. 7. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 4, wherein one end of the biasing element is coupled to the pawl of the latch assembly and another end of the biasing element is coupled to the striker engagement member, such that the biasing element provides both bias for the striker engagement member towards the striker and bias for the pawl towards the ratchet thereby forcing the ratchet against the striker. 8. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 7, wherein the one end is supported and slidably received in a tab of the pawl and the other end is supported and slidably received in a tab of the striker engagement member. 9. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 2 further comprising a mounting plate with a detent for cooperating with a shoulder stop of the striker engagement member, wherein engagement of the detent with the shoulder stop inhibits travel of the striker engagement member away from the bottom end of the slot. 10. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 1, wherein the latch assembly and striker are associated with a closure panel of a vehicle. 11. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 10, wherein the closure panel is a hood. 12. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 10, wherein the closure panel is a door. 13. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 10, wherein the closure panel is a seatback. 14. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 1 further comprising a hook portion of the striker engagement member configured for cradling the striker when received by a ratchet of the latch assembly. 15. A closure panel latch assembly comprising:
a biasing element as a resilient element positioned relative to a slot of the latch assembly; a striker engagement member coupled to the biasing element, the striker engagement member positioned to engage the striker and resist travel of the striker towards the bottom end, wherein the biasing element controls the resistance to movement of the striker engagement member by the striker. 16. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 15 further comprising a ratchet biased in an opposing direction to that of the striker engagement member, such that both the ratchet and the striker engagement member are biased towards the striker in the opposing directions when the latch assembly is in a closed position. 17. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 15, wherein the biasing element is a spring formed of metallic material. 18. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 15, wherein the biasing element is formed as a resistive element provided by polymeric material. 19. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 15, wherein the biasing element provides an overslam mechanism for resisting entry of the striker into the slot beyond a selected position in order to inhibit contact of the striker with a bottom end of the slot. 20. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 15 further comprising latch components of a ratchet and a pawl, such that the striker engagement member is biased towards the striker in a first direction and the ratchet is biased by the pawl towards the striker in a second direction opposite to the first direction. 21. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 20, wherein one end of the biasing element is coupled to the pawl and another end of the biasing element is coupled to the striker engagement member, such that the biasing element provides both bias for the striker engagement member towards the striker and bias for the pawl towards the ratchet thereby forcing the ratchet against the striker. | A closure panel latch assembly can include an overslam bumper mechanism comprising a biasing element as a spring formed from a metallic material positioned relative to a slot of the latch assembly. The biasing element resists entry of a striker into the slot beyond a selected position in order to inhibit contact of the striker with a bottom end of the slot. Also provided is a closure panel latch assembly configured with the biasing element as a resilient element positioned relative to the slot of the latch assembly; The biasing element is coupled to the striker engagement member, such that the striker engagement member is positioned to engage the striker and resist travel of the striker towards the bottom end, wherein the biasing element controls the resistance to movement of the striker engagement member by the striker.1. A closure panel latch assembly including an overslam bumper mechanism, comprising:
a biasing element as a spring formed from a metallic material positioned relative to a slot of the latch assembly such that the biasing element resists entry of a striker into the slot beyond a selected position in order to inhibit contact of the striker with a bottom end of the slot. 2. The closure panel latch assembly as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a striker engagement member coupled to the biasing element, the striker engagement member positioned to engage the striker and resist travel of the striker towards the bottom end, wherein the biasing element controls the resistance to movement of the striker engagement member by the striker. 3. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 2, wherein the biasing element is positioned adjacent to the bottom end of the slot. 4. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 2 further comprising latch components of a ratchet and a pawl, such that the striker engagement member is biased towards the striker in a first direction and the ratchet is biased by the pawl towards the striker in a second direction opposite to the first direction. 5. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 4, wherein the striker engagement member and the ratchet are mounted on the same pivot. 6. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 4, wherein one end of the biasing element is coupled to a mounting plate of the latch assembly and another end of the biasing element is coupled to the striker engagement member. 7. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 4, wherein one end of the biasing element is coupled to the pawl of the latch assembly and another end of the biasing element is coupled to the striker engagement member, such that the biasing element provides both bias for the striker engagement member towards the striker and bias for the pawl towards the ratchet thereby forcing the ratchet against the striker. 8. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 7, wherein the one end is supported and slidably received in a tab of the pawl and the other end is supported and slidably received in a tab of the striker engagement member. 9. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 2 further comprising a mounting plate with a detent for cooperating with a shoulder stop of the striker engagement member, wherein engagement of the detent with the shoulder stop inhibits travel of the striker engagement member away from the bottom end of the slot. 10. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 1, wherein the latch assembly and striker are associated with a closure panel of a vehicle. 11. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 10, wherein the closure panel is a hood. 12. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 10, wherein the closure panel is a door. 13. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 10, wherein the closure panel is a seatback. 14. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 1 further comprising a hook portion of the striker engagement member configured for cradling the striker when received by a ratchet of the latch assembly. 15. A closure panel latch assembly comprising:
a biasing element as a resilient element positioned relative to a slot of the latch assembly; a striker engagement member coupled to the biasing element, the striker engagement member positioned to engage the striker and resist travel of the striker towards the bottom end, wherein the biasing element controls the resistance to movement of the striker engagement member by the striker. 16. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 15 further comprising a ratchet biased in an opposing direction to that of the striker engagement member, such that both the ratchet and the striker engagement member are biased towards the striker in the opposing directions when the latch assembly is in a closed position. 17. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 15, wherein the biasing element is a spring formed of metallic material. 18. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 15, wherein the biasing element is formed as a resistive element provided by polymeric material. 19. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 15, wherein the biasing element provides an overslam mechanism for resisting entry of the striker into the slot beyond a selected position in order to inhibit contact of the striker with a bottom end of the slot. 20. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 15 further comprising latch components of a ratchet and a pawl, such that the striker engagement member is biased towards the striker in a first direction and the ratchet is biased by the pawl towards the striker in a second direction opposite to the first direction. 21. The closure panel latch assembly of claim 20, wherein one end of the biasing element is coupled to the pawl and another end of the biasing element is coupled to the striker engagement member, such that the biasing element provides both bias for the striker engagement member towards the striker and bias for the pawl towards the ratchet thereby forcing the ratchet against the striker. | 3,600 |
348,916 | 16,806,445 | 3,675 | The present disclosure provides a method, an apparatus, a computing device and a computer readable storage medium for detecting an environmental change, and relates to the field of autonomous driving. The method obtains a global map for an area and a first local map built in real time for a sub-area in the area; and determines an environmental change in the first sub-area by comparing the first local map and the global map and determining a first probability of the environmental change. Techniques of the present disclosure can automatically detect environmental changes that affect the positioning of autonomous driving, thereby facilitating the updating of positioning maps. | 1. A method, comprising:
obtaining a global map for an area and a first local map built at a first time for a first sub-area in the area; and determining an environmental change in the first sub-area by comparing the first local map and the global map and determining a first probability of the environmental change. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first local map is built based on point cloud data including first height information and first laser reflection information about a first plurality of points in the first sub-area,
wherein the global map divides the area into a plurality of grids each containing a plurality of points and records height information and laser reflection information for the plurality of points in each of the plurality of grids, and wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, from the plurality of grids, a grid corresponding to the first sub-area by projecting the first local map into the plurality of grids;
determining, from the global map, second height information and second laser reflection information of the plurality of points in the grid;
determining a first difference between the first height information and the second height information and a second difference between the first laser reflection information and the second laser reflection information; and
determining the first probability based on the first difference and the second difference. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, based on the first difference, a first conditional probability of the environmental change; determining, based on the second difference, a second conditional probability of the environmental change; and determining the first probability based on at least the first conditional probability and the second conditional probability. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining a second local map built at a second time for the first sub-area, the second time being later than the first time; determining, by comparing the second local map and the global map, a second probability of the environmental change; and updating a probability of the environmental change based on the second probability. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the area comprises a plurality of sub-areas including the first sub-area and at least one second sub-area, and the method further comprises:
obtaining at least one third local map built for the at least one second sub-area; determining, by comparing the at least one third local map with the global map respectively, respective third probability of environmental change in each of the at least one second sub-area; determining whether the global map is to be updated based on at least the first probability and the respective third probability of environmental change in the at least one second sub-area; and in response to determining that the global map is to be updated, updating the global map with at least part of the first local map and the at least one third local map. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining whether the global map is to be updated comprises:
determining a set of sub-areas from the plurality of sub-areas, wherein a probability of an environmental change in each of the set of sub-areas exceeds a threshold probability; and in response to a dimension of a connected area that contains at least part of the set of sub-areas exceeding a threshold dimension, determining that the global map is to be updated. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the updating the global map comprises:
determining, from the first local map and the at least one third local map, at least part of local maps corresponding to the connected area; and updating the global map with the at least part of local maps. 8. A computing device, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing device to perform acts comprising:
obtaining a global map for an area and a first local map built at a first time for a first sub-area in the area; and
determining an environmental change in the first sub-area by comparing the first local map and the global map and determining a first probability of the environmental change. 9. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the first local map is built based on point cloud data including first height information and first laser reflection information about a first plurality of points in the first sub-area,
wherein the global map divides the area into a plurality of grids each containing a plurality of points and records height information and laser reflection information for the plurality of points in each of the plurality of grids, and wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, from the plurality of grids, a grid corresponding to the first sub-area by projecting the first local map into the plurality of grids;
determining, from the global map, second height information and second laser reflection information of the plurality of points in the grid;
determining a first difference between the first height information and the second height information and a second difference between the first laser reflection information and the second laser reflection information; and
determining the first probability based on the first difference and the second difference. 10. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, based on the first difference, a first conditional probability of the environmental change; determining, based on the second difference, a second conditional probability of the environmental change; and determining the first probability based on at least the first conditional probability and the second conditional probability. 11. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the acts further comprise:
obtaining a second local map built at a second time for the first sub-area, the second time later than the first time; determining, by comparing the second local map and the global map, a second probability of the environmental change; and updating a probability of the environmental change based on the second probability. 12. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the area comprises a plurality of sub-areas including the first sub-area and at least one second sub-area, and the acts further comprise:
obtaining at least one third local map built for the at least one second sub-area; determining, by comparing the at least one third local map with the global map respectively, respective third probability of environmental change in each of the at least one second sub-area; determining whether the global map is to be updated based on at least the first probability and the respective third probability of environmental change in the at least one second sub-area; and in response to determining that the global map is to be updated, updating the global map with at least part of the first local map and the at least one third local map. 13. The computing device of claim 12, wherein the determining whether the global map is to be updated comprises:
determining a set of sub-areas from the plurality of sub-areas, wherein a probability of an environmental change in each of the set of sub-areas exceeds a threshold probability; and in response to a dimension of a connected area that contains at least part of the set of sub-areas exceeding a threshold dimension, determining that the global map is to be updated. 14. The computing device of claim 13, wherein the updating the global map comprises:
determining, from the first local map and the at least one third local map, at least part of local maps corresponding to the connected area; and updating the global map with the at least part of local maps. 15. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a device, causes the device to perform acts comprising:
obtaining a global map for an area and a first local map built at a first time for a first sub-area in the area; and determining an environmental change in the sub-area by comparing the first local map and the global map and determining a first probability of the environmental change. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first local map is built based on point cloud data including first height information and first laser reflection information about a plurality of points in the first sub-area,
wherein the global map divides the area into a plurality of grids each containing a plurality of points and records height information and laser reflection information for the plurality of points in each of the plurality of grids, and wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, from the plurality of grids, a grid corresponding to the first sub-area by projecting the first local map into the plurality of grids;
determining, from the global map, second height information and second laser reflection information of the plurality of points in the grid;
determining a first difference between the first height information and the second height information and a second difference between the first laser reflection information and the second laser reflection information; and
determining the first probability based on the first difference and the second difference. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, based on the first difference, a first conditional probability of the environmental change; determining, based on the second difference, a second conditional probability of the environmental change; and determining the first probability based on at least the first conditional probability and the second conditional probability. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the acts further comprise:
obtaining a second local map built at a second time for the first sub-area, the second time later than the first time; determining, by comparing the second local map and the global map, a second probability of the environmental change; and updating a probability of the environmental change based on the second probability. 19. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the area comprises a plurality of sub-areas including the first sub-area and at least one second sub-area, and the acts further comprise:
obtaining at least one third local map built for the at least one second sub-area; determining, by comparing the at least one third local map with the global map respectively, respective third probability of environmental change in each of the at least one second sub-area; determining whether the global map is to be updated based on at least the first probability and the respective third probability of environmental change in each of the at least one second sub-area; and in response to determining that the global map is to be updated, updating the global map with at least part of the first local map and the at least one third local map. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the determining whether the global map is to be updated comprises:
determining a set of sub-areas from the plurality of sub-areas, wherein a probability of an environmental change in each of the set of sub-areas exceeds a threshold probability; and in response to a dimension of a connected area that contains at least part of the set of sub-areas exceeding a threshold dimension, determining that the global map is to be updated. | The present disclosure provides a method, an apparatus, a computing device and a computer readable storage medium for detecting an environmental change, and relates to the field of autonomous driving. The method obtains a global map for an area and a first local map built in real time for a sub-area in the area; and determines an environmental change in the first sub-area by comparing the first local map and the global map and determining a first probability of the environmental change. Techniques of the present disclosure can automatically detect environmental changes that affect the positioning of autonomous driving, thereby facilitating the updating of positioning maps.1. A method, comprising:
obtaining a global map for an area and a first local map built at a first time for a first sub-area in the area; and determining an environmental change in the first sub-area by comparing the first local map and the global map and determining a first probability of the environmental change. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first local map is built based on point cloud data including first height information and first laser reflection information about a first plurality of points in the first sub-area,
wherein the global map divides the area into a plurality of grids each containing a plurality of points and records height information and laser reflection information for the plurality of points in each of the plurality of grids, and wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, from the plurality of grids, a grid corresponding to the first sub-area by projecting the first local map into the plurality of grids;
determining, from the global map, second height information and second laser reflection information of the plurality of points in the grid;
determining a first difference between the first height information and the second height information and a second difference between the first laser reflection information and the second laser reflection information; and
determining the first probability based on the first difference and the second difference. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, based on the first difference, a first conditional probability of the environmental change; determining, based on the second difference, a second conditional probability of the environmental change; and determining the first probability based on at least the first conditional probability and the second conditional probability. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining a second local map built at a second time for the first sub-area, the second time being later than the first time; determining, by comparing the second local map and the global map, a second probability of the environmental change; and updating a probability of the environmental change based on the second probability. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the area comprises a plurality of sub-areas including the first sub-area and at least one second sub-area, and the method further comprises:
obtaining at least one third local map built for the at least one second sub-area; determining, by comparing the at least one third local map with the global map respectively, respective third probability of environmental change in each of the at least one second sub-area; determining whether the global map is to be updated based on at least the first probability and the respective third probability of environmental change in the at least one second sub-area; and in response to determining that the global map is to be updated, updating the global map with at least part of the first local map and the at least one third local map. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining whether the global map is to be updated comprises:
determining a set of sub-areas from the plurality of sub-areas, wherein a probability of an environmental change in each of the set of sub-areas exceeds a threshold probability; and in response to a dimension of a connected area that contains at least part of the set of sub-areas exceeding a threshold dimension, determining that the global map is to be updated. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the updating the global map comprises:
determining, from the first local map and the at least one third local map, at least part of local maps corresponding to the connected area; and updating the global map with the at least part of local maps. 8. A computing device, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing device to perform acts comprising:
obtaining a global map for an area and a first local map built at a first time for a first sub-area in the area; and
determining an environmental change in the first sub-area by comparing the first local map and the global map and determining a first probability of the environmental change. 9. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the first local map is built based on point cloud data including first height information and first laser reflection information about a first plurality of points in the first sub-area,
wherein the global map divides the area into a plurality of grids each containing a plurality of points and records height information and laser reflection information for the plurality of points in each of the plurality of grids, and wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, from the plurality of grids, a grid corresponding to the first sub-area by projecting the first local map into the plurality of grids;
determining, from the global map, second height information and second laser reflection information of the plurality of points in the grid;
determining a first difference between the first height information and the second height information and a second difference between the first laser reflection information and the second laser reflection information; and
determining the first probability based on the first difference and the second difference. 10. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, based on the first difference, a first conditional probability of the environmental change; determining, based on the second difference, a second conditional probability of the environmental change; and determining the first probability based on at least the first conditional probability and the second conditional probability. 11. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the acts further comprise:
obtaining a second local map built at a second time for the first sub-area, the second time later than the first time; determining, by comparing the second local map and the global map, a second probability of the environmental change; and updating a probability of the environmental change based on the second probability. 12. The computing device of claim 8, wherein the area comprises a plurality of sub-areas including the first sub-area and at least one second sub-area, and the acts further comprise:
obtaining at least one third local map built for the at least one second sub-area; determining, by comparing the at least one third local map with the global map respectively, respective third probability of environmental change in each of the at least one second sub-area; determining whether the global map is to be updated based on at least the first probability and the respective third probability of environmental change in the at least one second sub-area; and in response to determining that the global map is to be updated, updating the global map with at least part of the first local map and the at least one third local map. 13. The computing device of claim 12, wherein the determining whether the global map is to be updated comprises:
determining a set of sub-areas from the plurality of sub-areas, wherein a probability of an environmental change in each of the set of sub-areas exceeds a threshold probability; and in response to a dimension of a connected area that contains at least part of the set of sub-areas exceeding a threshold dimension, determining that the global map is to be updated. 14. The computing device of claim 13, wherein the updating the global map comprises:
determining, from the first local map and the at least one third local map, at least part of local maps corresponding to the connected area; and updating the global map with the at least part of local maps. 15. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a device, causes the device to perform acts comprising:
obtaining a global map for an area and a first local map built at a first time for a first sub-area in the area; and determining an environmental change in the sub-area by comparing the first local map and the global map and determining a first probability of the environmental change. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first local map is built based on point cloud data including first height information and first laser reflection information about a plurality of points in the first sub-area,
wherein the global map divides the area into a plurality of grids each containing a plurality of points and records height information and laser reflection information for the plurality of points in each of the plurality of grids, and wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, from the plurality of grids, a grid corresponding to the first sub-area by projecting the first local map into the plurality of grids;
determining, from the global map, second height information and second laser reflection information of the plurality of points in the grid;
determining a first difference between the first height information and the second height information and a second difference between the first laser reflection information and the second laser reflection information; and
determining the first probability based on the first difference and the second difference. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the determining the first probability comprises:
determining, based on the first difference, a first conditional probability of the environmental change; determining, based on the second difference, a second conditional probability of the environmental change; and determining the first probability based on at least the first conditional probability and the second conditional probability. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the acts further comprise:
obtaining a second local map built at a second time for the first sub-area, the second time later than the first time; determining, by comparing the second local map and the global map, a second probability of the environmental change; and updating a probability of the environmental change based on the second probability. 19. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the area comprises a plurality of sub-areas including the first sub-area and at least one second sub-area, and the acts further comprise:
obtaining at least one third local map built for the at least one second sub-area; determining, by comparing the at least one third local map with the global map respectively, respective third probability of environmental change in each of the at least one second sub-area; determining whether the global map is to be updated based on at least the first probability and the respective third probability of environmental change in each of the at least one second sub-area; and in response to determining that the global map is to be updated, updating the global map with at least part of the first local map and the at least one third local map. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the determining whether the global map is to be updated comprises:
determining a set of sub-areas from the plurality of sub-areas, wherein a probability of an environmental change in each of the set of sub-areas exceeds a threshold probability; and in response to a dimension of a connected area that contains at least part of the set of sub-areas exceeding a threshold dimension, determining that the global map is to be updated. | 3,600 |
348,917 | 16,806,451 | 3,675 | Embodiments are described herein that provide a dedicated command device that is bonded to a zone player or zone to perform adjustments to the zone player or zone. In an example implementation, a command device receives an instruction to pair with a first playback device that is associated with a group of playback devices that includes the first playback device and at least one additional playback device. The group of playback devices is associated with at least one group variable controlling playback by the playback devices of the group. The command device receives an input to adjust a first group variable of the at least one group variable and transmits, via a wireless communications interface, a command that causes an adjustment of the first group variable for the group of playback devices. | 1. A command device for a media playback system, the command device comprising:
a display-less control interface comprising a physical dial to control volume; a wireless communications interface; a processor; data storage storing instructions that when executed by the processor cause the command device to perform functions comprising:
receiving, via the wireless communications interface from a mobile device, an instruction to pair the command device with a first zone of the media playback system, wherein the first zone comprises a first playback device;
based on the instruction to pair the command device, pairing the command device to the first zone such that the physical dial to control volume is configured to control playback by the first zone;
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a first rotation of the physical dial; and
in response to detecting the input data representing the first rotation of the physical dial, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first playback device to adjust a volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation. 2. The command device of claim 1, wherein the first zone is joined into a synchrony group with one or more second zones that comprise one or more respective second playback devices, and wherein adjusting the volume level of the first zone causes the one or more respective second playback devices to adjust respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in proportion to the first rotation. 3. The command device of claim 2, wherein the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone causes the first playback device to adjust a first volume level variable that controls volume level of the first zone, and wherein the adjusting the first volume level variable of the first zone causes a corresponding adjustment to one or more second volume level variables that control respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in the synchrony group with the first zone. 4. The command device of claim 1, wherein sending the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation comprises sending the instruction to the first playback device via an intermediate hub device. 5. The command device of claim 1, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a first physical button corresponding to a play/pause control, and wherein the functions further comprise:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back audio, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the first physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the first physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to pause playback of the audio. 6. The command device of claim 5, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a second physical button corresponding to a skip forward command and a third physical button corresponding to a skip backward command, and wherein the functions further comprise:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back a playlist, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the second physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the second physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to skip forward to a next track in the playlist. 7. The command device of claim 6, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a fourth physical button corresponding to a favorites control, and wherein the functions further comprise.
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the fourth physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the fourth physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to populate a queue of the first playback device with one or more particular media items that have been pre-designated as favorites. 8. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions executable by a one or more processors to cause a command device of a media playback system to perform functions comprising:
receiving, via a wireless communications interface from a mobile device, an instruction to pair the command device with a first zone of the media playback system, wherein the first zone comprises a first playback device, and wherein the command device comprises a display-less control interface comprising a physical dial to control volume; based on the instruction to pair the command device, pairing the command device to the first zone such that the physical dial to control volume is configured to control playback by the first zone; while paired with the first zone of the media playback system, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a first rotation of the physical dial; and in response to detecting the input data representing the first rotation of the physical dial, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first playback device to adjust a volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation. 9. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 8, wherein the first zone is joined into a synchrony group with one or more second zones that comprise one or more respective second playback devices, and wherein adjusting the volume level of the first zone causes the one or more respective second playback devices to adjust respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in proportion to the first rotation. 10. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 9, wherein the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone causes the first playback device to adjust a first volume level variable that controls volume level of the first zone, and wherein the adjusting the first volume level variable of the first zone causes a corresponding adjustment to one or more second volume level variables that control respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in the synchrony group with the first zone. 11. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 8, wherein sending the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation comprises sending the instruction to the first playback device via an intermediate hub device. 12. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 8, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a first physical button corresponding to a play/pause control, and wherein the functions further comprise:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back audio, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the first physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the first physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to pause playback of the audio. 13. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 12, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a second physical button corresponding to a skip forward command and a third physical button corresponding to a skip backward command, and wherein the functions further comprise:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back a playlist, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the second physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the second physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to skip forward to a next track in the playlist. 14. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 13, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a fourth physical button corresponding to a favorites control, and wherein the functions further comprise.
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the fourth physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the fourth physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to populate a queue of the first playback device with one or more particular media items that have been pre-designated as favorites. 15. A method to be performed by a command device of a media playback system, the method comprising:
receiving, via a wireless communications interface from a mobile device, an instruction to pair the command device with a first zone of the media playback system, wherein the first zone comprises a first playback device, and wherein the command device comprises a display-less control interface comprising a physical dial to control volume; based on the instruction to pair the command device, pairing the command device to the first zone such that the physical dial to control volume is configured to control playback by the first zone; while paired with the first zone of the media playback system, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a first rotation of the physical dial; and in response to detecting the input data representing the first rotation of the physical dial, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first playback device to adjust a volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first zone is joined into a synchrony group with one or more second zones that comprise one or more respective second playback devices, and wherein adjusting the volume level of the first zone causes the one or more respective second playback devices to adjust respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in proportion to the first rotation. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone causes the first playback device to adjust a first volume level variable that controls volume level of the first zone, and wherein the adjusting the first volume level variable of the first zone causes a corresponding adjustment to one or more second volume level variables that control respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in the synchrony group with the first zone. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein sending the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation comprises sending the instruction to the first playback device via an intermediate hub device. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a first physical button corresponding to a play/pause control, and wherein the method further comprises:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back audio, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the first physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the first physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to pause playback of the audio. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a second physical button corresponding to a skip forward command and a third physical button corresponding to a skip backward command, and wherein the method further comprises:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back a playlist, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the second physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the second physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to skip forward to a next track in the playlist. | Embodiments are described herein that provide a dedicated command device that is bonded to a zone player or zone to perform adjustments to the zone player or zone. In an example implementation, a command device receives an instruction to pair with a first playback device that is associated with a group of playback devices that includes the first playback device and at least one additional playback device. The group of playback devices is associated with at least one group variable controlling playback by the playback devices of the group. The command device receives an input to adjust a first group variable of the at least one group variable and transmits, via a wireless communications interface, a command that causes an adjustment of the first group variable for the group of playback devices.1. A command device for a media playback system, the command device comprising:
a display-less control interface comprising a physical dial to control volume; a wireless communications interface; a processor; data storage storing instructions that when executed by the processor cause the command device to perform functions comprising:
receiving, via the wireless communications interface from a mobile device, an instruction to pair the command device with a first zone of the media playback system, wherein the first zone comprises a first playback device;
based on the instruction to pair the command device, pairing the command device to the first zone such that the physical dial to control volume is configured to control playback by the first zone;
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a first rotation of the physical dial; and
in response to detecting the input data representing the first rotation of the physical dial, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first playback device to adjust a volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation. 2. The command device of claim 1, wherein the first zone is joined into a synchrony group with one or more second zones that comprise one or more respective second playback devices, and wherein adjusting the volume level of the first zone causes the one or more respective second playback devices to adjust respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in proportion to the first rotation. 3. The command device of claim 2, wherein the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone causes the first playback device to adjust a first volume level variable that controls volume level of the first zone, and wherein the adjusting the first volume level variable of the first zone causes a corresponding adjustment to one or more second volume level variables that control respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in the synchrony group with the first zone. 4. The command device of claim 1, wherein sending the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation comprises sending the instruction to the first playback device via an intermediate hub device. 5. The command device of claim 1, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a first physical button corresponding to a play/pause control, and wherein the functions further comprise:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back audio, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the first physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the first physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to pause playback of the audio. 6. The command device of claim 5, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a second physical button corresponding to a skip forward command and a third physical button corresponding to a skip backward command, and wherein the functions further comprise:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back a playlist, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the second physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the second physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to skip forward to a next track in the playlist. 7. The command device of claim 6, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a fourth physical button corresponding to a favorites control, and wherein the functions further comprise.
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the fourth physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the fourth physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to populate a queue of the first playback device with one or more particular media items that have been pre-designated as favorites. 8. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions executable by a one or more processors to cause a command device of a media playback system to perform functions comprising:
receiving, via a wireless communications interface from a mobile device, an instruction to pair the command device with a first zone of the media playback system, wherein the first zone comprises a first playback device, and wherein the command device comprises a display-less control interface comprising a physical dial to control volume; based on the instruction to pair the command device, pairing the command device to the first zone such that the physical dial to control volume is configured to control playback by the first zone; while paired with the first zone of the media playback system, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a first rotation of the physical dial; and in response to detecting the input data representing the first rotation of the physical dial, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first playback device to adjust a volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation. 9. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 8, wherein the first zone is joined into a synchrony group with one or more second zones that comprise one or more respective second playback devices, and wherein adjusting the volume level of the first zone causes the one or more respective second playback devices to adjust respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in proportion to the first rotation. 10. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 9, wherein the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone causes the first playback device to adjust a first volume level variable that controls volume level of the first zone, and wherein the adjusting the first volume level variable of the first zone causes a corresponding adjustment to one or more second volume level variables that control respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in the synchrony group with the first zone. 11. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 8, wherein sending the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation comprises sending the instruction to the first playback device via an intermediate hub device. 12. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 8, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a first physical button corresponding to a play/pause control, and wherein the functions further comprise:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back audio, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the first physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the first physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to pause playback of the audio. 13. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 12, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a second physical button corresponding to a skip forward command and a third physical button corresponding to a skip backward command, and wherein the functions further comprise:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back a playlist, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the second physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the second physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to skip forward to a next track in the playlist. 14. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium device of claim 13, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a fourth physical button corresponding to a favorites control, and wherein the functions further comprise.
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the fourth physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the fourth physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to populate a queue of the first playback device with one or more particular media items that have been pre-designated as favorites. 15. A method to be performed by a command device of a media playback system, the method comprising:
receiving, via a wireless communications interface from a mobile device, an instruction to pair the command device with a first zone of the media playback system, wherein the first zone comprises a first playback device, and wherein the command device comprises a display-less control interface comprising a physical dial to control volume; based on the instruction to pair the command device, pairing the command device to the first zone such that the physical dial to control volume is configured to control playback by the first zone; while paired with the first zone of the media playback system, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a first rotation of the physical dial; and in response to detecting the input data representing the first rotation of the physical dial, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first playback device to adjust a volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first zone is joined into a synchrony group with one or more second zones that comprise one or more respective second playback devices, and wherein adjusting the volume level of the first zone causes the one or more respective second playback devices to adjust respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in proportion to the first rotation. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone causes the first playback device to adjust a first volume level variable that controls volume level of the first zone, and wherein the adjusting the first volume level variable of the first zone causes a corresponding adjustment to one or more second volume level variables that control respective volume levels of the one or more second zones in the synchrony group with the first zone. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein sending the instruction to cause the first zone to adjust the volume level of the first zone in proportion to the first rotation comprises sending the instruction to the first playback device via an intermediate hub device. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a first physical button corresponding to a play/pause control, and wherein the method further comprises:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back audio, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the first physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the first physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to pause playback of the audio. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the display-less control interface further comprises a second physical button corresponding to a skip forward command and a third physical button corresponding to a skip backward command, and wherein the method further comprises:
while paired with the first zone of the media playback system and the first zone is playing back a playlist, detecting, via the display-less control interface, input data representing a press of the second physical button; and in response to detecting the input data representing the press of the second physical button, sending, via the wireless communications interface, an instruction to cause the first zone to skip forward to a next track in the playlist. | 3,600 |
348,918 | 16,806,440 | 2,616 | The exemplified methods and systems facilitate manufacturing of a new class of mechanical, loading-bearing components having optimized stress/strain three-dimensional meta-structure structures (also referred to herein as “Meshagons”) as finite-element-based 3D volumetric mesh structures. The resulting three-dimensional meta-structure structures provide high strength, ultra-light connectivity, with programmable interlinkage properties (e.g., density/porosity of linkages). | 1. A computer-implemented method to generate a three-dimensional meta-structure model of a workpiece for use in an additive manufacturing process, the method comprising:
obtaining or creating, by a processor, a source three-dimensional model of a workpiece; defining, by the processor, a portion of the source three-dimensional model to convert to a first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model; and generating, by the processor, a model of the workpiece having the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model by:
converting, by the processor, the portion of the source three-dimensional model to a first finite element mesh structure, wherein the first finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, and/or fractal elements; and
varying, by the processor, cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the first finite element mesh structure according to a specified profile to produce the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model;
wherein the generated three-dimensional meta-structure model is used in an additive manufacturing process to produce the workpiece having a meta-structure region comprising manifolds of tetrahedral elements, hexahedral elements, and/or fractal elements corresponding to those of the generated three-dimensional meta-structure model. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the processor, a second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model of a portion of the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model is generated by:
identifying, by the processor, the portion of the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to be converted to the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model; converting, by the processor, a plurality of joints and linkages associated with the portion of the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to a second finite element mesh structure, wherein the second finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a second three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, and/or fractal elements, wherein cross-sectional areas of the plurality of interlinking linkages and joints of the second finite element mesh structure are smaller than those of the first finite element mesh structure; and varying, by the processor, the cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the second finite element mesh structure according to a specified second profile; and combining, by the processor, individual node-pairs of the first finite element mesh structure and second finite element mesh structure. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein each of the specified profile to produce the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model and specified second profile to produce the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model is based on a pre-defined parameter or function. 5. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
generating, by the processor, a plurality of alpha meta-capsules for the combined model of the first finite element mesh structure and the second finite element mesh structure. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
generating, by the processor, a plurality of modified-alpha meta-capsules for the combined model of the first finite element mesh structure and the second finite element mesh structure. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the specified profile of each of the linkages and joints of the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model includes one or more geometric and/or topologic properties selected from the group consisting of a linkage thickness parameter, a joint thickness parameter, a linkage length parameter, a joint chamfer parameter, a surface smoothness parameter, and a parameter associated with length-wise tapering of linkage strut. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the specified profile of each of the linkages and joints of the second finite element mesh structure includes at least one of the linkage thickness parameter, the joint thickness parameter, and the linkage length parameter, wherein each associated value of the at least one of the linkage thickness parameter, the joint thickness parameter, and the linkage length parameter of the second finite element mesh structure is less than that of the first finite element mesh structure. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein each of the one or more geometric and/or topologic properties of the specified profile is user-definable. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein a portion of the one or more geometric and/or topologic properties of the specified profile is defined from a user-defined parameter. 11. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
generating, by the processor, a third three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model of a portion of the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model by:
identifying (e.g., a user-defined parameter or user-defined boundary), by the processor, a portion of the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to be converted to the third three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model;
converting, by the processor, a plurality of joints and linkages associated with the portions of the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to a third finite element mesh structure, wherein the third finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a third three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, or fractal elements, wherein cross-sectional areas of the plurality of interlinking linkages and joints of the third finite element mesh structure are smaller than those of the first and second finite element mesh structures;
varying, by the processor, the cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the third finite element mesh structure according to a specified third profile; and
combining, by the processor, individual node-pairs of the first finite element mesh structure and second finite element mesh structure. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
iteratively generating, by the processor, one or more N-domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-models of a portion of a prior N−1 domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model, wherein each N-domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model is generated by:
identifying, by the processor, a portion of the prior N−1 domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to be converted to a given N-domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model;
converting, by the processor, a plurality of joints and linkages associated with the portions of the prior N−1 domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to a given N-domain finite element mesh structure, wherein the given N-domain finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, or fractal elements, wherein cross-sectional areas of the plurality of interlinking linkages and joints of the given N-domain finite element mesh structure are smaller than those of the prior N−1 domain mesh structures;
varying, by the processor, the cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the given N-domain finite element mesh structure according to a specified profile; and
combining, by the processor, individual node-pairs of the N-domain finite element mesh structure and the prior N−1 domain finite element mesh structure. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the workpiece comprise a thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of: hydroxyapatite, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyaryletherketone (PAEK), other poly (ether ketone ketone) (PEKK), acrylonitile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), silicon, polyetherimide (PEI), polyphenyl sulfone (PPSU), and polyether sulfone (PES), and a combinations thereof. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the workpiece comprises a metal or alloy selected from the group consisting of: steel, stainless steel, titanium, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, iron, bronze, refractory metal, aluminum, zirconium, and a combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing process is selected from the group consisting of:
powder bed fusion, Vat polymerization, material jetting, binder jetting, material extrusion, and multi-jet fusion (MJF). 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing, by a processor, a structural finite element analysis of the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model; and determining, by the processor, from the structural finite element analysis, whether the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model meets or not meet pre-defined structural limitations for the workpiece. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the source three-dimensional model comprises a building architectural schematic. 18. A system comprising:
a processor; and a memory having instructions stored thereon, wherein execution of the instructions by the processor, cause the processor to: obtain or create a source three-dimensional model of a workpiece; define a portion of the source three-dimensional model to convert to a first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model; and generate a model of the workpiece having the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model by:
converting the portion of the source three-dimensional model to a first finite element mesh structure, wherein the first finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, and/or fractal elements; and
varying cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the first finite element mesh structure according to a specified profile to produce the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model;
wherein the generated three-dimensional meta-structure model is used in an additive manufacturing process to produce the workpiece having a meta-structure region comprising manifolds of tetrahedral elements, hexahedral elements, and/or fractal elements corresponding to those of the generated three-dimensional meta-structure model. 19. A workpiece generated by an additive manufacturing process of a three-dimensional meta-structure model prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
obtaining or creating, by a processor, a source three-dimensional model of the workpiece; obtaining or creating, by the processor, a portion of the source three-dimensional model to convert to a first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model; and generating, by the processor, a model of the workpiece having the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model by:
converting, by the processor, the portion of the source three-dimensional model to a first finite element mesh structure, wherein the first finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, and/or fractal elements; and
varying, by the processor, cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the first finite element mesh structure according to a specified profile to produce the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model. 20. The workpiece of claim 19, wherein the workpiece is selected from the group consisting of:
an biomedical implant; a mechanical frame component for an automobile; a mechanical frame component for an aerospace system; a mechanical frame component for a robotic system; a mechanical frame component for an instrument; and a mechanical frame component for an unmanned vehicle system. 21. (canceled) | The exemplified methods and systems facilitate manufacturing of a new class of mechanical, loading-bearing components having optimized stress/strain three-dimensional meta-structure structures (also referred to herein as “Meshagons”) as finite-element-based 3D volumetric mesh structures. The resulting three-dimensional meta-structure structures provide high strength, ultra-light connectivity, with programmable interlinkage properties (e.g., density/porosity of linkages).1. A computer-implemented method to generate a three-dimensional meta-structure model of a workpiece for use in an additive manufacturing process, the method comprising:
obtaining or creating, by a processor, a source three-dimensional model of a workpiece; defining, by the processor, a portion of the source three-dimensional model to convert to a first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model; and generating, by the processor, a model of the workpiece having the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model by:
converting, by the processor, the portion of the source three-dimensional model to a first finite element mesh structure, wherein the first finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, and/or fractal elements; and
varying, by the processor, cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the first finite element mesh structure according to a specified profile to produce the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model;
wherein the generated three-dimensional meta-structure model is used in an additive manufacturing process to produce the workpiece having a meta-structure region comprising manifolds of tetrahedral elements, hexahedral elements, and/or fractal elements corresponding to those of the generated three-dimensional meta-structure model. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the processor, a second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model of a portion of the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model is generated by:
identifying, by the processor, the portion of the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to be converted to the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model; converting, by the processor, a plurality of joints and linkages associated with the portion of the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to a second finite element mesh structure, wherein the second finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a second three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, and/or fractal elements, wherein cross-sectional areas of the plurality of interlinking linkages and joints of the second finite element mesh structure are smaller than those of the first finite element mesh structure; and varying, by the processor, the cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the second finite element mesh structure according to a specified second profile; and combining, by the processor, individual node-pairs of the first finite element mesh structure and second finite element mesh structure. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein each of the specified profile to produce the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model and specified second profile to produce the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model is based on a pre-defined parameter or function. 5. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
generating, by the processor, a plurality of alpha meta-capsules for the combined model of the first finite element mesh structure and the second finite element mesh structure. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
generating, by the processor, a plurality of modified-alpha meta-capsules for the combined model of the first finite element mesh structure and the second finite element mesh structure. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the specified profile of each of the linkages and joints of the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model includes one or more geometric and/or topologic properties selected from the group consisting of a linkage thickness parameter, a joint thickness parameter, a linkage length parameter, a joint chamfer parameter, a surface smoothness parameter, and a parameter associated with length-wise tapering of linkage strut. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the specified profile of each of the linkages and joints of the second finite element mesh structure includes at least one of the linkage thickness parameter, the joint thickness parameter, and the linkage length parameter, wherein each associated value of the at least one of the linkage thickness parameter, the joint thickness parameter, and the linkage length parameter of the second finite element mesh structure is less than that of the first finite element mesh structure. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein each of the one or more geometric and/or topologic properties of the specified profile is user-definable. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein a portion of the one or more geometric and/or topologic properties of the specified profile is defined from a user-defined parameter. 11. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
generating, by the processor, a third three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model of a portion of the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model by:
identifying (e.g., a user-defined parameter or user-defined boundary), by the processor, a portion of the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to be converted to the third three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model;
converting, by the processor, a plurality of joints and linkages associated with the portions of the second three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to a third finite element mesh structure, wherein the third finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a third three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, or fractal elements, wherein cross-sectional areas of the plurality of interlinking linkages and joints of the third finite element mesh structure are smaller than those of the first and second finite element mesh structures;
varying, by the processor, the cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the third finite element mesh structure according to a specified third profile; and
combining, by the processor, individual node-pairs of the first finite element mesh structure and second finite element mesh structure. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
iteratively generating, by the processor, one or more N-domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-models of a portion of a prior N−1 domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model, wherein each N-domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model is generated by:
identifying, by the processor, a portion of the prior N−1 domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to be converted to a given N-domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model;
converting, by the processor, a plurality of joints and linkages associated with the portions of the prior N−1 domain three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model to a given N-domain finite element mesh structure, wherein the given N-domain finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, or fractal elements, wherein cross-sectional areas of the plurality of interlinking linkages and joints of the given N-domain finite element mesh structure are smaller than those of the prior N−1 domain mesh structures;
varying, by the processor, the cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the given N-domain finite element mesh structure according to a specified profile; and
combining, by the processor, individual node-pairs of the N-domain finite element mesh structure and the prior N−1 domain finite element mesh structure. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the workpiece comprise a thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of: hydroxyapatite, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyaryletherketone (PAEK), other poly (ether ketone ketone) (PEKK), acrylonitile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), silicon, polyetherimide (PEI), polyphenyl sulfone (PPSU), and polyether sulfone (PES), and a combinations thereof. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the workpiece comprises a metal or alloy selected from the group consisting of: steel, stainless steel, titanium, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, iron, bronze, refractory metal, aluminum, zirconium, and a combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing process is selected from the group consisting of:
powder bed fusion, Vat polymerization, material jetting, binder jetting, material extrusion, and multi-jet fusion (MJF). 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing, by a processor, a structural finite element analysis of the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model; and determining, by the processor, from the structural finite element analysis, whether the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model meets or not meet pre-defined structural limitations for the workpiece. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the source three-dimensional model comprises a building architectural schematic. 18. A system comprising:
a processor; and a memory having instructions stored thereon, wherein execution of the instructions by the processor, cause the processor to: obtain or create a source three-dimensional model of a workpiece; define a portion of the source three-dimensional model to convert to a first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model; and generate a model of the workpiece having the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model by:
converting the portion of the source three-dimensional model to a first finite element mesh structure, wherein the first finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, and/or fractal elements; and
varying cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the first finite element mesh structure according to a specified profile to produce the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model;
wherein the generated three-dimensional meta-structure model is used in an additive manufacturing process to produce the workpiece having a meta-structure region comprising manifolds of tetrahedral elements, hexahedral elements, and/or fractal elements corresponding to those of the generated three-dimensional meta-structure model. 19. A workpiece generated by an additive manufacturing process of a three-dimensional meta-structure model prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
obtaining or creating, by a processor, a source three-dimensional model of the workpiece; obtaining or creating, by the processor, a portion of the source three-dimensional model to convert to a first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model; and generating, by the processor, a model of the workpiece having the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model by:
converting, by the processor, the portion of the source three-dimensional model to a first finite element mesh structure, wherein the first finite element mesh structure comprises a plurality of interlinking linkages and joints that collectively form a three-dimensional manifold structure of tetrahedral, hexahedral, and/or fractal elements; and
varying, by the processor, cross-sectional areas of each of the linkages and joints of the first finite element mesh structure according to a specified profile to produce the first three-dimensional meta-structure sub-model. 20. The workpiece of claim 19, wherein the workpiece is selected from the group consisting of:
an biomedical implant; a mechanical frame component for an automobile; a mechanical frame component for an aerospace system; a mechanical frame component for a robotic system; a mechanical frame component for an instrument; and a mechanical frame component for an unmanned vehicle system. 21. (canceled) | 2,600 |
348,919 | 16,806,469 | 2,616 | An extender (E) for connection to an outlet of a water supply pipe (WSP) and to a water inlet of a bathroom fixture when the outlet end of the water supply pipe and the water inlet of the bathroom fixture are some distance apart. | 1. An extender for connecting a water supply pipe to a water inlet of a bathroom fixture in which an outlet of the water supply pipe is a distance from the fixtures water inlet comprising:
a hollow cylindrical sleeve the length of which is sufficient to reach from the water supply pipe's outlet to the fixture's water inlet; a connector at an inlet end of the sleeve for connection to an outlet end of the water supply pipe; a connector at an outlet end of the sleeve for connection to the fixtures water inlet; and a water shut-off valve installed in the sleeve, at an upper end of the sleeve, and interposed between the inlet and outlet of the sleeve to control water flow through the sleeve. 2. The extender of claim 1 which is of a lightweight metal construction. 3. The extender of claim 1 in which the sleeve can slide up and down over the outlet end of the water supply pipe for properly locating the extender with the water supply pipe and bathroom fixture. | An extender (E) for connection to an outlet of a water supply pipe (WSP) and to a water inlet of a bathroom fixture when the outlet end of the water supply pipe and the water inlet of the bathroom fixture are some distance apart.1. An extender for connecting a water supply pipe to a water inlet of a bathroom fixture in which an outlet of the water supply pipe is a distance from the fixtures water inlet comprising:
a hollow cylindrical sleeve the length of which is sufficient to reach from the water supply pipe's outlet to the fixture's water inlet; a connector at an inlet end of the sleeve for connection to an outlet end of the water supply pipe; a connector at an outlet end of the sleeve for connection to the fixtures water inlet; and a water shut-off valve installed in the sleeve, at an upper end of the sleeve, and interposed between the inlet and outlet of the sleeve to control water flow through the sleeve. 2. The extender of claim 1 which is of a lightweight metal construction. 3. The extender of claim 1 in which the sleeve can slide up and down over the outlet end of the water supply pipe for properly locating the extender with the water supply pipe and bathroom fixture. | 2,600 |
348,920 | 16,806,426 | 2,616 | The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for delivering and/or withdrawing a substance or substances such as blood or interstitial fluid, from subjects, e.g., from the skin and/or from beneath the skin. In one aspect, the present invention is generally directed to devices and methods for withdrawing or extracting blood from a subject, e.g., from the skin and/or from beneath the skin, using devices containing a fluid transporter (for example, one or more microneedles), and a storage chamber having an internal pressure less than atmospheric pressure prior to receiving blood. In some cases, the device may be self-contained, and in certain instances, the device can be applied to the skin, and activated to withdraw blood from the subject. The device, in some cases, may be interfaced with external equipment to determine an analyte contained within a fluid contained within or collected by the device. For example, the device may be mounted or engaged on an external holder, the device may include a port for transporting fluid out of the device, the device may include a window for interrogating a fluid contained within the device, or the like. The device, or a portion thereof, may then be processed to determine the blood and/or an analyte within the blood, alone or with an external apparatus. For example, blood may be withdrawn from the device, and/or the device may contain sensors or agents able to determine the blood and/or an analyte suspected of being contained in the blood. Other aspects of the present invention are directed at other devices for withdrawing blood (or other bodily fluids, e.g., interstitial fluid), kits involving such devices, methods of making such devices, methods of using such devices, and the like. | 1-87. (canceled) 88. A device for withdrawing blood from a subject, the device comprising:
a recess comprising a fluid transporter, the fluid transporter comprising one or more needles; a detachable portion containing a storage chamber for receiving blood withdrawn from the subject; a mechanical apparatus, contained within the device, constructed and arranged to mechanically create:
a fluid pathway to transport blood between the recess and the storage chamber, and
reduced pressure within the device to urge blood to flow out of the skin into the recess; and
an interface for engaging at least a portion of the device with an external apparatus. 89. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface comprising an exit port able to mate with a corresponding port on the external apparatus. 90. The device of claim 89, wherein the exit port is connectable to a second fluid pathway for transporting blood out of the storage chamber into the external apparatus. 91. The device of claim 88, wherein at least some of the needles are microneedles. 92. The device of claim 88, wherein the mechanical apparatus further comprises:
a device actuator to move the one or more needles in a deployment direction towards the subject; and a retraction actuator to move the one or more needles in a retraction direction away from the subject, wherein the device actuator and the retraction actuator are separate actuators. 93. The device of claim 92, wherein the device actuator comprises a flexible concave member moveable between a first configuration and a second configuration. 94. The device of claim 93, wherein the flexible concave member comprises a polymer. 95. The device of claim 93, wherein the one or more needles are mechanically coupled to the flexible concave member such that the one or more needles are in a first position when the flexible concave member is in the first configuration and the one or more needles are in a second position when the flexible concave member is in the second configuration. 96. The device of claim 92, wherein the retraction actuator comprises a spring. 97. The device of claim 92, wherein the retraction actuator comprises an elastic member. 98. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface comprises a needle. 99. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface comprises a septum. 100. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface has a first surface, and the external apparatus has a second surface complementary to the first surface. 101. The device of claim 88, wherein the external apparatus comprises one or more members extending outwardly, and the interface comprises one or more receivers for receiving the one or more members. 102. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface is configured to be surrounded by the external apparatus when the device is engaged with the external apparatus. 103. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface is configured to interface with an external apparatus comprising a clamp. 104. The device of claim 88, wherein at least a portion of the interface is configured to be screwed onto the external apparatus, thereby engaging the device with the external apparatus. 105. The device of claim 88, wherein at least a portion of the interface is configured to be frictionally engaged onto the external apparatus. 106. The device of claim 88, wherein, after engaging the device to the external apparatus, the interface is configured to be able to transport fluid from the device to externally of the device. 107. The device of claim 88, wherein the device further comprises a fluid expulsion mechanism for expelling fluid from the device through the interface. | The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for delivering and/or withdrawing a substance or substances such as blood or interstitial fluid, from subjects, e.g., from the skin and/or from beneath the skin. In one aspect, the present invention is generally directed to devices and methods for withdrawing or extracting blood from a subject, e.g., from the skin and/or from beneath the skin, using devices containing a fluid transporter (for example, one or more microneedles), and a storage chamber having an internal pressure less than atmospheric pressure prior to receiving blood. In some cases, the device may be self-contained, and in certain instances, the device can be applied to the skin, and activated to withdraw blood from the subject. The device, in some cases, may be interfaced with external equipment to determine an analyte contained within a fluid contained within or collected by the device. For example, the device may be mounted or engaged on an external holder, the device may include a port for transporting fluid out of the device, the device may include a window for interrogating a fluid contained within the device, or the like. The device, or a portion thereof, may then be processed to determine the blood and/or an analyte within the blood, alone or with an external apparatus. For example, blood may be withdrawn from the device, and/or the device may contain sensors or agents able to determine the blood and/or an analyte suspected of being contained in the blood. Other aspects of the present invention are directed at other devices for withdrawing blood (or other bodily fluids, e.g., interstitial fluid), kits involving such devices, methods of making such devices, methods of using such devices, and the like.1-87. (canceled) 88. A device for withdrawing blood from a subject, the device comprising:
a recess comprising a fluid transporter, the fluid transporter comprising one or more needles; a detachable portion containing a storage chamber for receiving blood withdrawn from the subject; a mechanical apparatus, contained within the device, constructed and arranged to mechanically create:
a fluid pathway to transport blood between the recess and the storage chamber, and
reduced pressure within the device to urge blood to flow out of the skin into the recess; and
an interface for engaging at least a portion of the device with an external apparatus. 89. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface comprising an exit port able to mate with a corresponding port on the external apparatus. 90. The device of claim 89, wherein the exit port is connectable to a second fluid pathway for transporting blood out of the storage chamber into the external apparatus. 91. The device of claim 88, wherein at least some of the needles are microneedles. 92. The device of claim 88, wherein the mechanical apparatus further comprises:
a device actuator to move the one or more needles in a deployment direction towards the subject; and a retraction actuator to move the one or more needles in a retraction direction away from the subject, wherein the device actuator and the retraction actuator are separate actuators. 93. The device of claim 92, wherein the device actuator comprises a flexible concave member moveable between a first configuration and a second configuration. 94. The device of claim 93, wherein the flexible concave member comprises a polymer. 95. The device of claim 93, wherein the one or more needles are mechanically coupled to the flexible concave member such that the one or more needles are in a first position when the flexible concave member is in the first configuration and the one or more needles are in a second position when the flexible concave member is in the second configuration. 96. The device of claim 92, wherein the retraction actuator comprises a spring. 97. The device of claim 92, wherein the retraction actuator comprises an elastic member. 98. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface comprises a needle. 99. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface comprises a septum. 100. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface has a first surface, and the external apparatus has a second surface complementary to the first surface. 101. The device of claim 88, wherein the external apparatus comprises one or more members extending outwardly, and the interface comprises one or more receivers for receiving the one or more members. 102. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface is configured to be surrounded by the external apparatus when the device is engaged with the external apparatus. 103. The device of claim 88, wherein the interface is configured to interface with an external apparatus comprising a clamp. 104. The device of claim 88, wherein at least a portion of the interface is configured to be screwed onto the external apparatus, thereby engaging the device with the external apparatus. 105. The device of claim 88, wherein at least a portion of the interface is configured to be frictionally engaged onto the external apparatus. 106. The device of claim 88, wherein, after engaging the device to the external apparatus, the interface is configured to be able to transport fluid from the device to externally of the device. 107. The device of claim 88, wherein the device further comprises a fluid expulsion mechanism for expelling fluid from the device through the interface. | 2,600 |
348,921 | 16,806,446 | 2,616 | A robot head and neck assembly includes a head and neck inner skeleton; and a head and neck outer skeleton, disposed on an outer side of the head and neck inner skeleton, and wrapping the head and neck inner skeleton. | 1. A robot head and neck assembly, comprising:
a head and neck inner skeleton; and a head and neck outer skeleton, disposed on an outer side of the head and neck inner skeleton, and wrapping the head and neck inner skeleton. 2. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 1, wherein
the head and neck inner skeleton comprises a first connecting member, a swing head effector, a second connecting member, a lift head effector, and a rotate head effector; wherein the first connecting member is connected to an output end of the swing head effector, a case of the swing head effector is connected to one end of the second connecting member, the other end of the second connecting member is connected to an output end of the lift head effector, and an output end of the rotate head effector is connected to a case of the lift head effector. 3. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 2, wherein
the head and neck outer skeleton comprises a skull outer skeleton, a head outer skeleton, a swing head outer skeleton, a lift head outer skeleton, and a rotate head outer skeleton; wherein the skull outer skeleton is connected to the head outer skeleton, the head outer skeleton wraps and is connected to the first connecting member, the swing head outer skeleton is connected to the second connecting member, the swing head outer skeleton wraps the second connecting member and the swing head effector, the lift head outer skeleton wraps and is connected to the lift head effector, and the rotate head outer skeleton wraps and is connected to the rotate head effector. 4. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the skull outer skeleton is provided with a first positioning boss, and the head outer skeleton is provided with a first positioning groove, the first positioning boss being snap-fitted to the first positioning groove. 5. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the head outer skeleton comprises a head left outer skeleton and a head right outer skeleton, the head left outer skeleton being connected to the head right outer skeleton, and the head left outer skeleton and the head right outer skeleton wrapping and being connected to the first connecting member. 6. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 5, wherein:
the head left outer skeleton is provided with a second positioning boss, and the head right outer skeleton is provided with a second positioning groove, the second positioning boss being snap-fitted to the second positioning groove. 7. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the swing head outer skeleton comprises a swing head front outer skeleton, a swing head rear outer skeleton, and a connecting piece, the swing head front outer skeleton being connected to the swing head rear outer skeleton by the connecting piece, and wrapping and being connected to the second connecting member, and the swing head front outer skeleton and the swing head rear outer skeleton wrapping the swing head effector. 8. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the lift head outer skeleton comprises a lift head front outer skeleton and a lift head rear outer skeleton, the lift head front outer skeleton being connected to the lift head rear outer skeleton and wrapping the lift head effector, and the lift head front outer skeleton and the lift head rear outer skeleton being both connected to the case of the lift head effector. 9. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the rotate head outer skeleton comprises a rotate head front outer skeleton and a rotate head rear outer skeleton, the rotate head front outer skeleton and the rotate head rear outer skeleton being both connected to a case of the rotate head effector, the rotate head front outer skeleton being connected the rotate head rear outer skeleton and wrapping the rotate head effector. 10. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the robot head and neck assembly further comprises an outer skin, the outer skin comprising a skull outer skin, a head outer skin, a swing head outer skin and a lift head outer skin, the skull outer skin being connected to the skull outer skeleton and the head outer skeleton, the head outer skin being connected to the head outer skeleton, the swing head outer skin being connected to the swing head outer skeleton, and the lift head skin being connected to the lift head outer skeleton. 11. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 1, wherein the head and neck outer skeleton is made of a lightweight material. 12. A robot, comprising the robot head and neck assembly as defined in claim 1. | A robot head and neck assembly includes a head and neck inner skeleton; and a head and neck outer skeleton, disposed on an outer side of the head and neck inner skeleton, and wrapping the head and neck inner skeleton.1. A robot head and neck assembly, comprising:
a head and neck inner skeleton; and a head and neck outer skeleton, disposed on an outer side of the head and neck inner skeleton, and wrapping the head and neck inner skeleton. 2. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 1, wherein
the head and neck inner skeleton comprises a first connecting member, a swing head effector, a second connecting member, a lift head effector, and a rotate head effector; wherein the first connecting member is connected to an output end of the swing head effector, a case of the swing head effector is connected to one end of the second connecting member, the other end of the second connecting member is connected to an output end of the lift head effector, and an output end of the rotate head effector is connected to a case of the lift head effector. 3. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 2, wherein
the head and neck outer skeleton comprises a skull outer skeleton, a head outer skeleton, a swing head outer skeleton, a lift head outer skeleton, and a rotate head outer skeleton; wherein the skull outer skeleton is connected to the head outer skeleton, the head outer skeleton wraps and is connected to the first connecting member, the swing head outer skeleton is connected to the second connecting member, the swing head outer skeleton wraps the second connecting member and the swing head effector, the lift head outer skeleton wraps and is connected to the lift head effector, and the rotate head outer skeleton wraps and is connected to the rotate head effector. 4. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the skull outer skeleton is provided with a first positioning boss, and the head outer skeleton is provided with a first positioning groove, the first positioning boss being snap-fitted to the first positioning groove. 5. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the head outer skeleton comprises a head left outer skeleton and a head right outer skeleton, the head left outer skeleton being connected to the head right outer skeleton, and the head left outer skeleton and the head right outer skeleton wrapping and being connected to the first connecting member. 6. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 5, wherein:
the head left outer skeleton is provided with a second positioning boss, and the head right outer skeleton is provided with a second positioning groove, the second positioning boss being snap-fitted to the second positioning groove. 7. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the swing head outer skeleton comprises a swing head front outer skeleton, a swing head rear outer skeleton, and a connecting piece, the swing head front outer skeleton being connected to the swing head rear outer skeleton by the connecting piece, and wrapping and being connected to the second connecting member, and the swing head front outer skeleton and the swing head rear outer skeleton wrapping the swing head effector. 8. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the lift head outer skeleton comprises a lift head front outer skeleton and a lift head rear outer skeleton, the lift head front outer skeleton being connected to the lift head rear outer skeleton and wrapping the lift head effector, and the lift head front outer skeleton and the lift head rear outer skeleton being both connected to the case of the lift head effector. 9. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the rotate head outer skeleton comprises a rotate head front outer skeleton and a rotate head rear outer skeleton, the rotate head front outer skeleton and the rotate head rear outer skeleton being both connected to a case of the rotate head effector, the rotate head front outer skeleton being connected the rotate head rear outer skeleton and wrapping the rotate head effector. 10. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 3, wherein:
the robot head and neck assembly further comprises an outer skin, the outer skin comprising a skull outer skin, a head outer skin, a swing head outer skin and a lift head outer skin, the skull outer skin being connected to the skull outer skeleton and the head outer skeleton, the head outer skin being connected to the head outer skeleton, the swing head outer skin being connected to the swing head outer skeleton, and the lift head skin being connected to the lift head outer skeleton. 11. The robot head and neck assembly according to claim 1, wherein the head and neck outer skeleton is made of a lightweight material. 12. A robot, comprising the robot head and neck assembly as defined in claim 1. | 2,600 |
348,922 | 16,806,478 | 2,616 | The present invention allows a CEC system to automatedly, and without human intervention, identify interactions that are likely in need of supervisor intervention. The system reviews all incoming and outgoing interactions for analysis by a metadata analytics service (MAS) software module. The MAS analyzes the interactions to generate interaction metadata, which is used by an interaction analysis engine (IAE) to score the quality of the interaction. If the quality of the interaction is not sufficient, the system marks the interaction as being a problem interaction and notifies a supervisor of the interaction. This ensures the intelligent and dynamic determination of interactions that require additional assistance and assures notification to a supervisor. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. An automated computerized method for determining if an interaction is likely to require supervisor assistance, comprising:
receiving an interaction at a metadata analytics service (MAS) unit; performing a metadata analysis of the interaction using a MAS software module on a MAS unit to generate interaction metadata for the received interaction, wherein the interaction metadata includes the sentiment of the interaction and at least one additional metadata parameter; generating interaction metadata for the interaction based on the metadata analysis of the MAS software module; passing the interaction metadata to an interaction analysis engine (IAE); performing an interaction analysis of the interaction metadata using an IAE software module to determine an interaction score for the interaction; comparing the interaction score to an interaction quality threshold; and passing a notice of the interaction to a supervisor representative if the interaction score is higher than the interaction quality threshold. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one additional metadata parameter is a type of interaction for the interaction. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one additional metadata parameter is a duration of time between the interaction and a previous related interaction. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one additional metadata parameter is a number of times the interaction has been transferred. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the supervisor representative is at least one of an individual supervisor, a supervisor group, a queue, and a problem interaction list. 26. The method of claim 21, the method further comprising displaying the notice of the interaction on a CEC desktop. 27. The method of claim 21, further comprising the IAE passing a copy of the interaction metadata, the interaction, and the interaction score to an IAE storage. 28. An automated computerized method for determining if an interaction is likely to require supervisor assistance, comprising:
receiving an interaction; performing a metadata analysis of the interaction to generate interaction metadata for the received interaction, wherein the interaction metadata includes the type of interaction, the sentiment of the interaction, the duration of time between the interaction and a previous related interaction, and the number of times the interaction has been transferred; generating interaction metadata for the interaction based on the metadata analysis; performing an interaction analysis of the interaction metadata to determine an interaction score for the interaction; determining an interaction score for the interaction based on the interaction analysis; comparing the interaction score to an interaction quality threshold; and passing a notice of the interaction to a supervisor representative if the interaction score is higher than the interaction quality threshold. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the interaction is an outgoing interaction originating from a customer engagement center (CEC) system. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the interaction is an incoming interaction originating from outside a customer engagement center (CEC) system. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the interaction is one of an audio interaction or a textual interaction. 32. The method of claim 28, wherein the generation of metadata is performed by a metadata analytics services (MAS) unit configured to receive the interaction and generate the interaction metadata. 33. The method of claim 28, wherein the determination of the interaction score for the interaction is performed by an interaction analysis engine (IAE) configured to receive the interaction and the interaction metadata, further configured to determine the interaction score for the interaction. 34. The method of claim 28, wherein the received interaction is the most recent interaction in a string of related interactions, further wherein the received interaction includes additional associated data, the additional associated data including at least one of an indication of the string of related interactions, a customer identification number, a set of metadata for the string of related interactions, and a CSR identification. 35. An automated computerized method for determining if an interaction is likely to require supervisor assistance, comprising:
receiving an interaction at a metadata analytics service (MAS) unit, wherein the interaction is either an outgoing interaction or an incoming interaction; performing a metadata analysis of the interaction using a MAS software module on a MAS unit to evaluate content of the interaction; generating interaction metadata for the interaction based on the metadata analysis of the MAS software module, wherein the interaction metadata includes the sentiment of the interaction and at least one additional metadata parameter; passing the interaction metadata to an interaction analysis engine (IAE); storing the interaction and the interaction metadata in a MAS storage; performing an interaction analysis of the interaction metadata using an IAE software module by applying a set of predetermined criteria to the interaction metadata to determine an interaction score for the interaction; assigning an interaction score to the interaction; comparing the interaction score to an interaction quality threshold; passing a notice of the interaction to a supervisor representative if the interaction score is higher than the interaction quality threshold; and storing the interaction, interaction metadata, and interaction score in a IAE storage. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the interaction is one of an audio interaction or a textual interaction. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the received interaction is a most recent interaction in a string of related interactions. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the received interaction includes a set of additional associated data. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the additional associated data is at least one of a reference to the interactions in the string of related interactions, a set of metadata from the string of related interactions, a customer identification information, and a CSR identification information. 40. The method of claim 35, wherein the supervisor representative is one of an individual supervisor, a supervisor group, a queue, and a problem interaction list. | The present invention allows a CEC system to automatedly, and without human intervention, identify interactions that are likely in need of supervisor intervention. The system reviews all incoming and outgoing interactions for analysis by a metadata analytics service (MAS) software module. The MAS analyzes the interactions to generate interaction metadata, which is used by an interaction analysis engine (IAE) to score the quality of the interaction. If the quality of the interaction is not sufficient, the system marks the interaction as being a problem interaction and notifies a supervisor of the interaction. This ensures the intelligent and dynamic determination of interactions that require additional assistance and assures notification to a supervisor.1.-20. (canceled) 21. An automated computerized method for determining if an interaction is likely to require supervisor assistance, comprising:
receiving an interaction at a metadata analytics service (MAS) unit; performing a metadata analysis of the interaction using a MAS software module on a MAS unit to generate interaction metadata for the received interaction, wherein the interaction metadata includes the sentiment of the interaction and at least one additional metadata parameter; generating interaction metadata for the interaction based on the metadata analysis of the MAS software module; passing the interaction metadata to an interaction analysis engine (IAE); performing an interaction analysis of the interaction metadata using an IAE software module to determine an interaction score for the interaction; comparing the interaction score to an interaction quality threshold; and passing a notice of the interaction to a supervisor representative if the interaction score is higher than the interaction quality threshold. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one additional metadata parameter is a type of interaction for the interaction. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one additional metadata parameter is a duration of time between the interaction and a previous related interaction. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one additional metadata parameter is a number of times the interaction has been transferred. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the supervisor representative is at least one of an individual supervisor, a supervisor group, a queue, and a problem interaction list. 26. The method of claim 21, the method further comprising displaying the notice of the interaction on a CEC desktop. 27. The method of claim 21, further comprising the IAE passing a copy of the interaction metadata, the interaction, and the interaction score to an IAE storage. 28. An automated computerized method for determining if an interaction is likely to require supervisor assistance, comprising:
receiving an interaction; performing a metadata analysis of the interaction to generate interaction metadata for the received interaction, wherein the interaction metadata includes the type of interaction, the sentiment of the interaction, the duration of time between the interaction and a previous related interaction, and the number of times the interaction has been transferred; generating interaction metadata for the interaction based on the metadata analysis; performing an interaction analysis of the interaction metadata to determine an interaction score for the interaction; determining an interaction score for the interaction based on the interaction analysis; comparing the interaction score to an interaction quality threshold; and passing a notice of the interaction to a supervisor representative if the interaction score is higher than the interaction quality threshold. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the interaction is an outgoing interaction originating from a customer engagement center (CEC) system. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the interaction is an incoming interaction originating from outside a customer engagement center (CEC) system. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the interaction is one of an audio interaction or a textual interaction. 32. The method of claim 28, wherein the generation of metadata is performed by a metadata analytics services (MAS) unit configured to receive the interaction and generate the interaction metadata. 33. The method of claim 28, wherein the determination of the interaction score for the interaction is performed by an interaction analysis engine (IAE) configured to receive the interaction and the interaction metadata, further configured to determine the interaction score for the interaction. 34. The method of claim 28, wherein the received interaction is the most recent interaction in a string of related interactions, further wherein the received interaction includes additional associated data, the additional associated data including at least one of an indication of the string of related interactions, a customer identification number, a set of metadata for the string of related interactions, and a CSR identification. 35. An automated computerized method for determining if an interaction is likely to require supervisor assistance, comprising:
receiving an interaction at a metadata analytics service (MAS) unit, wherein the interaction is either an outgoing interaction or an incoming interaction; performing a metadata analysis of the interaction using a MAS software module on a MAS unit to evaluate content of the interaction; generating interaction metadata for the interaction based on the metadata analysis of the MAS software module, wherein the interaction metadata includes the sentiment of the interaction and at least one additional metadata parameter; passing the interaction metadata to an interaction analysis engine (IAE); storing the interaction and the interaction metadata in a MAS storage; performing an interaction analysis of the interaction metadata using an IAE software module by applying a set of predetermined criteria to the interaction metadata to determine an interaction score for the interaction; assigning an interaction score to the interaction; comparing the interaction score to an interaction quality threshold; passing a notice of the interaction to a supervisor representative if the interaction score is higher than the interaction quality threshold; and storing the interaction, interaction metadata, and interaction score in a IAE storage. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the interaction is one of an audio interaction or a textual interaction. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the received interaction is a most recent interaction in a string of related interactions. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the received interaction includes a set of additional associated data. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the additional associated data is at least one of a reference to the interactions in the string of related interactions, a set of metadata from the string of related interactions, a customer identification information, and a CSR identification information. 40. The method of claim 35, wherein the supervisor representative is one of an individual supervisor, a supervisor group, a queue, and a problem interaction list. | 2,600 |
348,923 | 16,806,459 | 2,616 | Embodiments of the disclosure describe systems and methods for selecting a first group of users, which is selected to receive simulated phishing emails as part of a simulated phishing campaign, and adding users to a second group of users based upon those selected users interacting with a simulated phishing email that is part of a simulated phishing campaign; tracking the completion of remediation training related to phishing emails by users in the second group of users and receiving one or more indications that the users in the second group of users have completed remedial training; and automatically adding users, who are members of the second user group, to the first user group, to a third user group, or to a predetermined user group responsive to the one or more indications that the users in the second group of users have completed remedial training. | 1. A method comprising:
(a) receiving, by one or more processors coupled to memory, a first indication of a first user interaction associated with a simulated phishing communication to a user of a first user group of a plurality of user groups; (b) identifying, by the one or more processors, a category from a plurality of categories for the first user interaction, each of the plurality of categories associated with one or more interactions with one or more simulated phishing communications and mapped to at least one of the plurality of user groups; and (c) including, by the one or more processors, the user in a second user group of the plurality of user groups mapped to the category, and (d) communicating, by the one or more processors, a second simulated phishing communication to the user of the second user group. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first user interaction comprises a number of times the user interacted with simulated phishing communications. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein (b) further comprises identifying the category based as least on the number of times reaching a threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein (b) further comprises classifying, by the one or more processors, the first user interaction into the category of a plurality of categories, 5. The method of claim 1, wherein (c) further comprises adding, by the one or more processors, the user to the second user group while keeping the user in the first user group. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein (c) further comprises adding, by the one or more processors, the user to the second user group while remover the user from the first user group. 7. A system comprising:
one or more processors coupled to memory, and configured to: receive a first indication of a first user interaction associated with a simulated phishing communication to a user of a first user group of a plurality of user groups; identify a category from a plurality of categories for the first user interaction, each of the plurality of categories associated with one or more interactions with one or more simulated phishing communications and mapped to at least one of the plurality of user groups; and include the user in a second user group of the plurality of user groups mapped to the category, and communicate a second simulated phishing communication to the user of the second user group. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first user interaction comprises a number of times the user interacted with simulated phishing communications. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are configured to identify the category based as least on the number of times reaching a threshold. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors are configured to classify the first user interaction into the category of a plurality of categories, 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors are configured to add the user to the second user group while keeping the user in the first user group. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors are configured to add the user to the second user group while remover the user from the first user group. 13. A method comprising:
(a) communicating, by one or more processors coupled to memory, a first simulated phishing communication to a user of a first user group of a plurality of users groups; (b) detecting, by the one or more processors, an event associated with the first simulated phishing communication to the user; (c) including, by the one or more processors, the user in a second user group of the plurality of user groups based at least on the event, and (d) communicating, by the one or more processors, a second simulated phishing communication to the user of the second user group. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the event comprises an interaction by the user with the first simulated phishing communication. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the event comprises a predetermined number of times the user has interacted with one or more simulated phishing communications. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein (c) further comprising moving, by the one or more processors, the user from the first user group to the second user group based at least on the event. 17. A system comprising:
one or more processors coupled to memory, and configured to: communicate a first simulated phishing communication to a user of a first user group of a plurality of users groups; detect an event associated with the first simulated phishing communication to the user; include the user in a second user group of the plurality of user groups based at least on the event, and communicate a second simulated phishing communication to the user of the second user group. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the event comprises an interaction by the user with the first simulated phishing communication. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the event comprises a predetermined number of times the user has interacted with one or more simulated phishing communications. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are configured to move the user from the first user group to the second user group based at least on the event. | Embodiments of the disclosure describe systems and methods for selecting a first group of users, which is selected to receive simulated phishing emails as part of a simulated phishing campaign, and adding users to a second group of users based upon those selected users interacting with a simulated phishing email that is part of a simulated phishing campaign; tracking the completion of remediation training related to phishing emails by users in the second group of users and receiving one or more indications that the users in the second group of users have completed remedial training; and automatically adding users, who are members of the second user group, to the first user group, to a third user group, or to a predetermined user group responsive to the one or more indications that the users in the second group of users have completed remedial training.1. A method comprising:
(a) receiving, by one or more processors coupled to memory, a first indication of a first user interaction associated with a simulated phishing communication to a user of a first user group of a plurality of user groups; (b) identifying, by the one or more processors, a category from a plurality of categories for the first user interaction, each of the plurality of categories associated with one or more interactions with one or more simulated phishing communications and mapped to at least one of the plurality of user groups; and (c) including, by the one or more processors, the user in a second user group of the plurality of user groups mapped to the category, and (d) communicating, by the one or more processors, a second simulated phishing communication to the user of the second user group. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first user interaction comprises a number of times the user interacted with simulated phishing communications. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein (b) further comprises identifying the category based as least on the number of times reaching a threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein (b) further comprises classifying, by the one or more processors, the first user interaction into the category of a plurality of categories, 5. The method of claim 1, wherein (c) further comprises adding, by the one or more processors, the user to the second user group while keeping the user in the first user group. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein (c) further comprises adding, by the one or more processors, the user to the second user group while remover the user from the first user group. 7. A system comprising:
one or more processors coupled to memory, and configured to: receive a first indication of a first user interaction associated with a simulated phishing communication to a user of a first user group of a plurality of user groups; identify a category from a plurality of categories for the first user interaction, each of the plurality of categories associated with one or more interactions with one or more simulated phishing communications and mapped to at least one of the plurality of user groups; and include the user in a second user group of the plurality of user groups mapped to the category, and communicate a second simulated phishing communication to the user of the second user group. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first user interaction comprises a number of times the user interacted with simulated phishing communications. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are configured to identify the category based as least on the number of times reaching a threshold. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors are configured to classify the first user interaction into the category of a plurality of categories, 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors are configured to add the user to the second user group while keeping the user in the first user group. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors are configured to add the user to the second user group while remover the user from the first user group. 13. A method comprising:
(a) communicating, by one or more processors coupled to memory, a first simulated phishing communication to a user of a first user group of a plurality of users groups; (b) detecting, by the one or more processors, an event associated with the first simulated phishing communication to the user; (c) including, by the one or more processors, the user in a second user group of the plurality of user groups based at least on the event, and (d) communicating, by the one or more processors, a second simulated phishing communication to the user of the second user group. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the event comprises an interaction by the user with the first simulated phishing communication. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the event comprises a predetermined number of times the user has interacted with one or more simulated phishing communications. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein (c) further comprising moving, by the one or more processors, the user from the first user group to the second user group based at least on the event. 17. A system comprising:
one or more processors coupled to memory, and configured to: communicate a first simulated phishing communication to a user of a first user group of a plurality of users groups; detect an event associated with the first simulated phishing communication to the user; include the user in a second user group of the plurality of user groups based at least on the event, and communicate a second simulated phishing communication to the user of the second user group. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the event comprises an interaction by the user with the first simulated phishing communication. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the event comprises a predetermined number of times the user has interacted with one or more simulated phishing communications. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are configured to move the user from the first user group to the second user group based at least on the event. | 2,600 |
348,924 | 16,806,453 | 2,616 | A method and an apparatus for selecting beams for non-codebook based uplink multiple-input and multiple-output are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method implemented by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving an allocation of at least one sounding reference signal (SRS) resource in an uplink subframe from a transmission and reception point (TRP) for a first set of uplink transmission beams, transmitting precoded SRSs in the at least one SRS resource to the TRP, wherein the precoded SRSs are precoded with UE-selected precoders and at least one rank and receiving an identification of two or more precoders for a second set of uplink transmission beams, wherein the second set of uplink transmission beams is selected from the first set of uplink transmission beams, and wherein the two or more precoders are based on the precoded SRSs. | 1. A method implemented by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
transmitting, by the UE, precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) using SRS resources allocated to the UE; receiving, by the UE, a downlink control information (DCI) message from a transmit and receive point (TRP), the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates one of the SRS resources used to transmit the precoded SRSs; and transmitting, by the UE, a precoded uplink signal, the precoded uplink signal being precoded with the same precoder as a corresponding one the precoded SRSs that was transmitted using the SRS resource indicated by the SRI. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. 4. A user equipment (UE) comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to:
transmit precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) using SRS resources allocated to the UE;
receive a downlink control information (DCI) message from a transmit and receive point (TRP), the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates one of the SRS resources used to transmit the precoded SRSs; and
transmit a precoded uplink signal, the precoded uplink signal being precoded with the same precoder as a corresponding one the precoded SRSs that was transmitted using the SRS resource indicated by the SRI. 5. The UE of claim 4, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 6. The UE of claim 4, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. 7. A method implemented by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
transmitting, by the UE, precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) using SRS resources allocated to the UE; receiving, by the UE, a downlink control information (DCI) message from a transmit and receive point (TRP), the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates a subset of SRS resources used to transmit the precoded SRSs; selecting, by the UE, a precoder based on the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI; and transmitting, by the UE, a precoded uplink signal, the precoded uplink signal being precoded using the selected precoder. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein at least one SRS resource in the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein at least one SRS resource in the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. 10. A user equipment (UE) comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to:
transmit precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) using SRS resources allocated to the UE;
receive a downlink control information (DCI) message from a transmit and receive point (TRP), the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates a subset of SRS resources used to transmit the precoded SRSs;
select a precoder based on the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI; and
transmit a precoded uplink signal, the precoded uplink signal being precoded using the selected precoder. 11. The UE of claim 10, wherein at least one SRS resource in the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 12. The UE of claim 10, wherein at least one SRS resource in the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. 13. A method implemented by a transmit receive point (TRP), the method comprising:
receiving, by the TRP, precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) from a user equipment (UE), the precoded SRSs being communicated using SRS resources allocated to the UE; transmitting, by the TRP, a downlink control information (DCI) message to the UE, the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates one of the SRS resources used to communicate the precoded SRSs; and receiving, by the TRP, a precoded uplink signal from the UE, the precoded uplink signal being precoded with the same precoder as a corresponding one of the precoded SRSs that was communicated using the SRS resource indicated by the SRI. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. 16. A transmit receive point (TRP) comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to:
receive precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) from a user equipment (UE), the precoded SRSs being communicated using SRS resources allocated to the UE;
transmit a downlink control information (DCI) message to the UE, the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates one of the SRS resources used to communicate the precoded SRSs; and
receive a precoded uplink signal from the UE, the precoded uplink signal being precoded with the same precoder as a corresponding one of the precoded SRSs that was communicated using the SRS resource indicated by the SRI. 17. The TRP of claim 16, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 18. The TRP of claim 16, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. | A method and an apparatus for selecting beams for non-codebook based uplink multiple-input and multiple-output are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method implemented by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving an allocation of at least one sounding reference signal (SRS) resource in an uplink subframe from a transmission and reception point (TRP) for a first set of uplink transmission beams, transmitting precoded SRSs in the at least one SRS resource to the TRP, wherein the precoded SRSs are precoded with UE-selected precoders and at least one rank and receiving an identification of two or more precoders for a second set of uplink transmission beams, wherein the second set of uplink transmission beams is selected from the first set of uplink transmission beams, and wherein the two or more precoders are based on the precoded SRSs.1. A method implemented by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
transmitting, by the UE, precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) using SRS resources allocated to the UE; receiving, by the UE, a downlink control information (DCI) message from a transmit and receive point (TRP), the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates one of the SRS resources used to transmit the precoded SRSs; and transmitting, by the UE, a precoded uplink signal, the precoded uplink signal being precoded with the same precoder as a corresponding one the precoded SRSs that was transmitted using the SRS resource indicated by the SRI. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. 4. A user equipment (UE) comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to:
transmit precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) using SRS resources allocated to the UE;
receive a downlink control information (DCI) message from a transmit and receive point (TRP), the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates one of the SRS resources used to transmit the precoded SRSs; and
transmit a precoded uplink signal, the precoded uplink signal being precoded with the same precoder as a corresponding one the precoded SRSs that was transmitted using the SRS resource indicated by the SRI. 5. The UE of claim 4, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 6. The UE of claim 4, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. 7. A method implemented by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
transmitting, by the UE, precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) using SRS resources allocated to the UE; receiving, by the UE, a downlink control information (DCI) message from a transmit and receive point (TRP), the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates a subset of SRS resources used to transmit the precoded SRSs; selecting, by the UE, a precoder based on the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI; and transmitting, by the UE, a precoded uplink signal, the precoded uplink signal being precoded using the selected precoder. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein at least one SRS resource in the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein at least one SRS resource in the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. 10. A user equipment (UE) comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to:
transmit precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) using SRS resources allocated to the UE;
receive a downlink control information (DCI) message from a transmit and receive point (TRP), the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates a subset of SRS resources used to transmit the precoded SRSs;
select a precoder based on the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI; and
transmit a precoded uplink signal, the precoded uplink signal being precoded using the selected precoder. 11. The UE of claim 10, wherein at least one SRS resource in the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 12. The UE of claim 10, wherein at least one SRS resource in the subset of SRS resources indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. 13. A method implemented by a transmit receive point (TRP), the method comprising:
receiving, by the TRP, precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) from a user equipment (UE), the precoded SRSs being communicated using SRS resources allocated to the UE; transmitting, by the TRP, a downlink control information (DCI) message to the UE, the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates one of the SRS resources used to communicate the precoded SRSs; and receiving, by the TRP, a precoded uplink signal from the UE, the precoded uplink signal being precoded with the same precoder as a corresponding one of the precoded SRSs that was communicated using the SRS resource indicated by the SRI. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. 16. A transmit receive point (TRP) comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to:
receive precoded sounding reference signals (SRSs) from a user equipment (UE), the precoded SRSs being communicated using SRS resources allocated to the UE;
transmit a downlink control information (DCI) message to the UE, the DCI including an SRS resource indicator (SRI) that indicates one of the SRS resources used to communicate the precoded SRSs; and
receive a precoded uplink signal from the UE, the precoded uplink signal being precoded with the same precoder as a corresponding one of the precoded SRSs that was communicated using the SRS resource indicated by the SRI. 17. The TRP of claim 16, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a plurality of antenna ports. 18. The TRP of claim 16, wherein the SRS resource indicated by the SRI includes a single SRS antenna port. | 2,600 |
348,925 | 16,806,433 | 2,616 | A custom outlet module is contained within a housing and has an electric current sensor configured to measure current passing through an electric outlet during a time period, a proximity sensor configured to detect a distance of an object relative to the electric outlet during the time period, a relay switch that can open or close to stop or conduct current through a circuit in the electric outlet in response to a command, and a wireless network interface in communication with the electric current sensor and the proximity sensor, the wireless network interface configured to transmit and receive data from the current sensor and the proximity sensor, to transmit commands to the relay switch, transmit the data to a computing device, and receive commands from the computing device. | 1. A device, comprising:
a housing configured to couple to an electric socket, the housing enclosing:
a portion of an electronic device,
a wireless network interface in communication with the electronic device, the wireless network interface configured to receive signals from the electronic device, transmit data based on the received signals to a computing device, and receive commands from the computing device. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
an inner wall housing configured to couple to an electrical outlet hole in a wall and to interface with power lines inside the wall, wherein the housing is configured to removably attach to the inner wall housing, and when attached bring the power lines into electrical connection with the electronic device and the wireless network interface. 3. The device of claim 2, further comprising:
a button on the housing or the inner wall housing that when pressed disconnects the housing from the inner wall housing. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a wireless network signal booster. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the wireless network interface includes a Wi-Fi chip. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a wireless network access point. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a thermostat. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a component of a home security system including one or more of a motion detector, a thermal camera, a light sensor, and a camera. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises an LCD or touch screen. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a USB charger. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a temperature sensor or thermostat control unit. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a short-range wireless communication protocol speaker or microphone. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a light. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the wireless network interface is configured to transmit data to the electronic device. 15. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a relay switch that can open or close to stop or conduct current passing to the electronic device in response to a command received by the wireless network interface. 16. A system comprising:
a first modular outlet device comprising:
a first housing that encloses a portion of a first electronic device and a first wireless network interface in communication with the first electronic device, the first wireless network interface configured to receive signals from the first electronic device, transmit data based on the received signals to a computing device, and receive commands from the computing device; and
a second modular outlet device comprising:
a second housing that encloses a portion of a second electronic device and a second wireless network interface in communication with the second electronic device, the second wireless network interface configured to receive signals from the second electronic device, transmit data based on the received signals to a computing device, and receive commands from the computing device. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the first modular outlet device further comprises a first inner wall housing configured to couple to an electrical outlet hole in a wall and to interface with power lines inside the wall, wherein the first housing is configured to removably attach to the first inner wall housing, and when attached bring the power lines into electrical connection with the first electronic device and the first wireless network interface enclosed in the first housing; and wherein the second modular outlet device further comprises a second inner wall housing configured to couple to an electrical outlet hole in a wall and interface with power lines inside the wall, wherein the second housing is configured to removably attach to the second inner wall housing, and when attached bring the power lines into electrical connection with the second electronic device and the second wireless network interface enclosed in the second housing. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a computing device comprising a memory configured to store instructions, and a processor to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising:
receiving information from the first and second modular outlet devices,
generating commands based on the received information, and
transmitting the commands to the first and second modular outlet devices to cause a change in operation of one or both of the first and second modular outlet devices. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the first electronic device or the second electronic device is one of a motion detector, thermal camera, light sensor, camera, or temperature sensor. 20. The system of claim 16, further comprising:
a smart phone interface that permits a user to control the first electronic device or the second electronic device. | A custom outlet module is contained within a housing and has an electric current sensor configured to measure current passing through an electric outlet during a time period, a proximity sensor configured to detect a distance of an object relative to the electric outlet during the time period, a relay switch that can open or close to stop or conduct current through a circuit in the electric outlet in response to a command, and a wireless network interface in communication with the electric current sensor and the proximity sensor, the wireless network interface configured to transmit and receive data from the current sensor and the proximity sensor, to transmit commands to the relay switch, transmit the data to a computing device, and receive commands from the computing device.1. A device, comprising:
a housing configured to couple to an electric socket, the housing enclosing:
a portion of an electronic device,
a wireless network interface in communication with the electronic device, the wireless network interface configured to receive signals from the electronic device, transmit data based on the received signals to a computing device, and receive commands from the computing device. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
an inner wall housing configured to couple to an electrical outlet hole in a wall and to interface with power lines inside the wall, wherein the housing is configured to removably attach to the inner wall housing, and when attached bring the power lines into electrical connection with the electronic device and the wireless network interface. 3. The device of claim 2, further comprising:
a button on the housing or the inner wall housing that when pressed disconnects the housing from the inner wall housing. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a wireless network signal booster. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the wireless network interface includes a Wi-Fi chip. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a wireless network access point. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a thermostat. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a component of a home security system including one or more of a motion detector, a thermal camera, a light sensor, and a camera. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises an LCD or touch screen. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a USB charger. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a temperature sensor or thermostat control unit. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a short-range wireless communication protocol speaker or microphone. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a light. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the wireless network interface is configured to transmit data to the electronic device. 15. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a relay switch that can open or close to stop or conduct current passing to the electronic device in response to a command received by the wireless network interface. 16. A system comprising:
a first modular outlet device comprising:
a first housing that encloses a portion of a first electronic device and a first wireless network interface in communication with the first electronic device, the first wireless network interface configured to receive signals from the first electronic device, transmit data based on the received signals to a computing device, and receive commands from the computing device; and
a second modular outlet device comprising:
a second housing that encloses a portion of a second electronic device and a second wireless network interface in communication with the second electronic device, the second wireless network interface configured to receive signals from the second electronic device, transmit data based on the received signals to a computing device, and receive commands from the computing device. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the first modular outlet device further comprises a first inner wall housing configured to couple to an electrical outlet hole in a wall and to interface with power lines inside the wall, wherein the first housing is configured to removably attach to the first inner wall housing, and when attached bring the power lines into electrical connection with the first electronic device and the first wireless network interface enclosed in the first housing; and wherein the second modular outlet device further comprises a second inner wall housing configured to couple to an electrical outlet hole in a wall and interface with power lines inside the wall, wherein the second housing is configured to removably attach to the second inner wall housing, and when attached bring the power lines into electrical connection with the second electronic device and the second wireless network interface enclosed in the second housing. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a computing device comprising a memory configured to store instructions, and a processor to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising:
receiving information from the first and second modular outlet devices,
generating commands based on the received information, and
transmitting the commands to the first and second modular outlet devices to cause a change in operation of one or both of the first and second modular outlet devices. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the first electronic device or the second electronic device is one of a motion detector, thermal camera, light sensor, camera, or temperature sensor. 20. The system of claim 16, further comprising:
a smart phone interface that permits a user to control the first electronic device or the second electronic device. | 2,600 |
348,926 | 16,806,438 | 2,616 | One embodiment provides a method, including: obtaining at least two documents, wherein one of the at least two documents comprises a revision different than another of the at least two documents; identifying, within each of the at least two documents, portions corresponding to groups of text containing a conceptual unit; assigning at least a subset of the identified portions to a category type corresponding to a topic of a given portion, wherein the assigning comprises (i) generating a semantic tag for the identified portions in the subset and (ii) tagging the identified portions in the subset with the semantic tag; and determining changes between the at least two documents, wherein the determining comprises (iii) aligning given portions across the at least two documents based upon a relationship between the given portions across the at least two documents, (iv) identifying semantic differences between the aligned portions, and (v) identifying any remaining unaligned portions. | 1. A method, comprising:
obtaining at least two documents, wherein one of the at least two documents comprises a revision different than another of the at least two documents; identifying, within each of the at least two documents, portions corresponding to groups of text containing a conceptual unit; assigning at least a subset of the identified portions to a category type corresponding to a topic of a given portion, wherein the assigning comprises (i) generating a semantic tag for the identified portions in the subset and (ii) tagging the identified portions in the subset with the semantic tag; and determining changes between the at least two documents, wherein the determining comprises (iii) aligning given portions across the at least two documents based upon a relationship between the given portions across the at least two documents, (iv) identifying semantic differences between the aligned portions, and (v) identifying any remaining unaligned portions. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising identifying, within each of the at least two documents, units of information, wherein each unit of information comprises contextually-related and positionally-connected groups of portions. 3. The method of claim 1, comprising receiving, from a user, a query requesting identification of a change between the at least two documents related to a particular category type of interest. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the identifying is performed responsive to receiving the user query. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the generating a semantic tag is based upon terms included in the received query. 6. The method of claim 3, comprising providing, responsive to the determining a change, a natural language identification of a change corresponding to the user query. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising enriching at least a subset of the portions with semantic attributes defined by a user, the semantic attributes identifying a portion of an portion for focus in determining a change. 8. The method of claim 1, comprising learning alignment rules by generating a decision tree classifier that is trained utilizing supervised data comprising a training set of (i) portions and (ii) a change status of the portions; and
wherein the defined rules are used in aligning the portions across the at least two documents. 9. The method of claim 1, comprising providing an explanation of the determined changes, the explanation identifying a rule used to determine a change. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the unaligned portions are identified as at least one of: added portions and removed portions; and wherein
the aligned portions having semantic differences are identified as differences. 11. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith and executable by the at least one processor, the computer readable program code comprising: computer readable program code configured to obtain at least two documents, wherein one of the at least two documents comprises a revision different than another of the at least two documents; computer readable program code configured to identify, within each of the at least two documents, portions corresponding to groups of text containing a conceptual unit; computer readable program code configured to assign at least a subset of the identified portions to a category type corresponding to a topic of a given portion, wherein the assigning comprises (i) generating a semantic tag for the identified portions in the subset and (ii) tagging the identified portions in the subset with the semantic tag; and computer readable program code configured to determine changes between the at least two documents, wherein the determining comprises (iii) aligning given portions across the at least two documents based upon a relationship between the given portions across the at least two documents, (iv) identifying semantic differences between the aligned portions, and (v) identifying any remaining unaligned portions. 12. A computer program product, comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith, the computer readable program code executable by a processor and comprising: computer readable program code configured to obtain at least two documents, wherein one of the at least two documents comprises a revision different than another of the at least two documents; computer readable program code configured to identify, within each of the at least two documents, portions corresponding to groups of text containing a conceptual unit; computer readable program code configured to assign at least a subset of the identified portions to a category type corresponding to a topic of a given portion, wherein the assigning comprises (i) generating a semantic tag for the identified portions in the subset and (ii) tagging the identified portions in the subset with the semantic tag; and computer readable program code configured to determine changes between the at least two documents, wherein the determining comprises (iii) aligning given portions across the at least two documents based upon a relationship between the given portions across the at least two documents, (iv) identifying semantic differences between the aligned portions, and (v) identifying any remaining unaligned portions. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, comprising identifying, within each of the at least two documents, units of information, wherein each unit of information comprises contextually-related and positionally-connected groups of portions. 14. The computer program product of claim 12, comprising receiving, from a user, a query requesting identification of a change between the at least two documents related to a particular category type of interest. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, comprising providing, responsive to the determining a change, a natural language identification of a change corresponding to the user query. 16. The computer program product of claim 12, comprising enriching at least a subset of the portions with semantic attributes defined by a user, the semantic attributes identifying a portion of an portion for focus in determining a change. 17. The computer program product of claim 12, comprising learning alignment rules by generating a decision tree classifier that is trained utilizing supervised data comprising a training set of (i) portions and (ii) a change status of the portions; and
wherein the defined rules are used in aligning the portions across the at least two documents. 18. The computer program product of claim 12, comprising providing an explanation of the determined changes, the explanation identifying a rule used to determine a change. 19. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the unaligned portions are identified as at least one of: added portions and removed portions; and wherein the aligned portions having semantic differences are identified as differences. 20. A method, comprising:
receiving two documents, wherein each of the two documents comprises a different version of the same document; identifying, within each of the two documents, processing units corresponding to contextually-related and positionally-connected groups of textual conceptual units; correlating processing units across the two documents, wherein the correlating comprises identifying processing units across the two documents that are related, the relationship being identified at least in part based upon an assigned category type of a corresponding processing unit; and identifying variations across the two documents, wherein the identifying comprises utilizing a classifier trained using learned similarity rules to identify additions, deletions, and changes across the two documents. | One embodiment provides a method, including: obtaining at least two documents, wherein one of the at least two documents comprises a revision different than another of the at least two documents; identifying, within each of the at least two documents, portions corresponding to groups of text containing a conceptual unit; assigning at least a subset of the identified portions to a category type corresponding to a topic of a given portion, wherein the assigning comprises (i) generating a semantic tag for the identified portions in the subset and (ii) tagging the identified portions in the subset with the semantic tag; and determining changes between the at least two documents, wherein the determining comprises (iii) aligning given portions across the at least two documents based upon a relationship between the given portions across the at least two documents, (iv) identifying semantic differences between the aligned portions, and (v) identifying any remaining unaligned portions.1. A method, comprising:
obtaining at least two documents, wherein one of the at least two documents comprises a revision different than another of the at least two documents; identifying, within each of the at least two documents, portions corresponding to groups of text containing a conceptual unit; assigning at least a subset of the identified portions to a category type corresponding to a topic of a given portion, wherein the assigning comprises (i) generating a semantic tag for the identified portions in the subset and (ii) tagging the identified portions in the subset with the semantic tag; and determining changes between the at least two documents, wherein the determining comprises (iii) aligning given portions across the at least two documents based upon a relationship between the given portions across the at least two documents, (iv) identifying semantic differences between the aligned portions, and (v) identifying any remaining unaligned portions. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising identifying, within each of the at least two documents, units of information, wherein each unit of information comprises contextually-related and positionally-connected groups of portions. 3. The method of claim 1, comprising receiving, from a user, a query requesting identification of a change between the at least two documents related to a particular category type of interest. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the identifying is performed responsive to receiving the user query. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the generating a semantic tag is based upon terms included in the received query. 6. The method of claim 3, comprising providing, responsive to the determining a change, a natural language identification of a change corresponding to the user query. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising enriching at least a subset of the portions with semantic attributes defined by a user, the semantic attributes identifying a portion of an portion for focus in determining a change. 8. The method of claim 1, comprising learning alignment rules by generating a decision tree classifier that is trained utilizing supervised data comprising a training set of (i) portions and (ii) a change status of the portions; and
wherein the defined rules are used in aligning the portions across the at least two documents. 9. The method of claim 1, comprising providing an explanation of the determined changes, the explanation identifying a rule used to determine a change. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the unaligned portions are identified as at least one of: added portions and removed portions; and wherein
the aligned portions having semantic differences are identified as differences. 11. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith and executable by the at least one processor, the computer readable program code comprising: computer readable program code configured to obtain at least two documents, wherein one of the at least two documents comprises a revision different than another of the at least two documents; computer readable program code configured to identify, within each of the at least two documents, portions corresponding to groups of text containing a conceptual unit; computer readable program code configured to assign at least a subset of the identified portions to a category type corresponding to a topic of a given portion, wherein the assigning comprises (i) generating a semantic tag for the identified portions in the subset and (ii) tagging the identified portions in the subset with the semantic tag; and computer readable program code configured to determine changes between the at least two documents, wherein the determining comprises (iii) aligning given portions across the at least two documents based upon a relationship between the given portions across the at least two documents, (iv) identifying semantic differences between the aligned portions, and (v) identifying any remaining unaligned portions. 12. A computer program product, comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith, the computer readable program code executable by a processor and comprising: computer readable program code configured to obtain at least two documents, wherein one of the at least two documents comprises a revision different than another of the at least two documents; computer readable program code configured to identify, within each of the at least two documents, portions corresponding to groups of text containing a conceptual unit; computer readable program code configured to assign at least a subset of the identified portions to a category type corresponding to a topic of a given portion, wherein the assigning comprises (i) generating a semantic tag for the identified portions in the subset and (ii) tagging the identified portions in the subset with the semantic tag; and computer readable program code configured to determine changes between the at least two documents, wherein the determining comprises (iii) aligning given portions across the at least two documents based upon a relationship between the given portions across the at least two documents, (iv) identifying semantic differences between the aligned portions, and (v) identifying any remaining unaligned portions. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, comprising identifying, within each of the at least two documents, units of information, wherein each unit of information comprises contextually-related and positionally-connected groups of portions. 14. The computer program product of claim 12, comprising receiving, from a user, a query requesting identification of a change between the at least two documents related to a particular category type of interest. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, comprising providing, responsive to the determining a change, a natural language identification of a change corresponding to the user query. 16. The computer program product of claim 12, comprising enriching at least a subset of the portions with semantic attributes defined by a user, the semantic attributes identifying a portion of an portion for focus in determining a change. 17. The computer program product of claim 12, comprising learning alignment rules by generating a decision tree classifier that is trained utilizing supervised data comprising a training set of (i) portions and (ii) a change status of the portions; and
wherein the defined rules are used in aligning the portions across the at least two documents. 18. The computer program product of claim 12, comprising providing an explanation of the determined changes, the explanation identifying a rule used to determine a change. 19. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the unaligned portions are identified as at least one of: added portions and removed portions; and wherein the aligned portions having semantic differences are identified as differences. 20. A method, comprising:
receiving two documents, wherein each of the two documents comprises a different version of the same document; identifying, within each of the two documents, processing units corresponding to contextually-related and positionally-connected groups of textual conceptual units; correlating processing units across the two documents, wherein the correlating comprises identifying processing units across the two documents that are related, the relationship being identified at least in part based upon an assigned category type of a corresponding processing unit; and identifying variations across the two documents, wherein the identifying comprises utilizing a classifier trained using learned similarity rules to identify additions, deletions, and changes across the two documents. | 2,600 |
348,927 | 16,806,435 | 2,616 | In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may receive digital data associated with digital media communications. The apparatus may input the textual data into a NLP model. The apparatus may obtain intent data associated with an item as an output of the NLP model. The apparatus may input the intent data into a tagging model. The apparatus may obtain an attribute tag as an output of the tagging model. The apparatus may determine whether the intent data meets a likelihood threshold. The apparatus may determine whether the attribute tag meet a relevance threshold. The apparatus may output the intent data and the attribute tag to an external device upon determining that the intent data meets the likelihood threshold and that the attribute tag meets the relevance threshold. | 1. A method of advertisement targeting, comprising:
receiving digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications; inputting the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model; obtaining intent data associated with an item as an output of the NLP model; inputting the intent data into a tagging model; obtaining an attribute tag as an output of the tagging model, the attribute tag indicating a set of attributes associated with the item; determining whether the intent data meets a likelihood threshold; determining whether the attribute tag meet a relevance threshold; and outputting the intent data and the attribute tag to an external device upon determining that the intent data meets the likelihood threshold and that the attribute tag meets the relevance threshold. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital data includes user data associated with a set of digital media platforms, the method further comprising
inputting the user data into the tagging model. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the user data includes at least one of user credentials associated with a set of digital media platforms, a digital media post identification (ID) associated with the digital data, or a purchase history associated with a user. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
outputting the user data to the external device upon determining that the at least one of the intent data or the attribute tag meet the relevance threshold. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the external device includes an advertisement generation platform, and at least one of the intent data, the attribute tag, or the user data are configured for use in generating a targeted digital advertisement by the advertisement generation platform. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the digital data associated with the digital media communications comprises:
continuously scanning, using an application programming interface (API), digital media communication; and extracting the digital data, using the API, upon detecting a new digital media communication. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
enabling the external device to set the relevance threshold, the relevance threshold being associated with one or more of color, brand, model, size, fit, year, or season. 8. An apparatus for advertisement targeting, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
receive digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications;
input the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model;
obtain intent data associated with an item as an output of the NLP model;
input the intent data into a tagging model;
obtain an attribute tag as an output of the tagging model, the attribute tag indicating a set of attributes associated with the item;
determine whether the intent data meets a likelihood threshold;
determine whether the attribute tag meet a relevance threshold; and
output the intent data and the attribute tag to an external device upon determining that the intent data meets the likelihood threshold and that the attribute tag meets the relevance threshold. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the digital data includes user data associated with a set of digital media platforms, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
input the user data into the tagging model. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the user data includes at least one of user credentials associated with a set of digital media platforms, a digital media post identification (ID) associated with the digital data, or a purchase history associated with a user. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
output the user data to the external device upon determining that the at least one of the intent data or the attribute tag meet the relevance threshold. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the external device includes an advertisement generation platform, and at least one of the intent data, the attribute tag, or the user data are configured for use in generating a targeted digital advertisement by the advertisement generation platform. 13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the digital data associated with the digital media communications by:
continuously scanning, using an application programming interface (API), digital media communication; and extracting the digital data, using the API, upon detecting a new digital media communication. 14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
enable the external device to set the relevance threshold, the relevance threshold being associated with one or more of color, brand, model, size, fit, year, or season. 15. A computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, comprising code to:
receive digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications; input the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model; obtain intent data associated with an item as an output of the NLP model; input the intent data into a tagging model; obtain an attribute tag as an output of the tagging model, the attribute tag indicating a set of attributes associated with the item; determine whether the intent data meets a likelihood threshold; determine whether the attribute tag meet a relevance threshold; and output the intent data and the attribute tag to an external device upon determining that the intent data meets the likelihood threshold and that the attribute tag meets the relevance threshold. 16. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the digital data includes user data associated with a set of digital media platforms, further comprising executable code to:
input the user data into the tagging model. 17. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the user data includes at least one of user credentials associated with a set of digital media platforms, a digital media post identification (ID) associated with the digital data, or a purchase history associated with a user. 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising executable code to:
outputting the user data to the external device upon determining that the at least one of the intent data or the attribute tag meet the relevance threshold. 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein:
the external device includes an advertisement generation platform, and at least one of the intent data, the attribute tag, or the user data are configured for use in generating a targeted digital advertisement by the advertisement generation platform. 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the executable code is configured to receive the digital data associated with the digital media communications by:
continuously scanning, using an application programming interface (API), digital media communication; and extracting the digital data, using the API, upon detecting a new digital media communication. | In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may receive digital data associated with digital media communications. The apparatus may input the textual data into a NLP model. The apparatus may obtain intent data associated with an item as an output of the NLP model. The apparatus may input the intent data into a tagging model. The apparatus may obtain an attribute tag as an output of the tagging model. The apparatus may determine whether the intent data meets a likelihood threshold. The apparatus may determine whether the attribute tag meet a relevance threshold. The apparatus may output the intent data and the attribute tag to an external device upon determining that the intent data meets the likelihood threshold and that the attribute tag meets the relevance threshold.1. A method of advertisement targeting, comprising:
receiving digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications; inputting the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model; obtaining intent data associated with an item as an output of the NLP model; inputting the intent data into a tagging model; obtaining an attribute tag as an output of the tagging model, the attribute tag indicating a set of attributes associated with the item; determining whether the intent data meets a likelihood threshold; determining whether the attribute tag meet a relevance threshold; and outputting the intent data and the attribute tag to an external device upon determining that the intent data meets the likelihood threshold and that the attribute tag meets the relevance threshold. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital data includes user data associated with a set of digital media platforms, the method further comprising
inputting the user data into the tagging model. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the user data includes at least one of user credentials associated with a set of digital media platforms, a digital media post identification (ID) associated with the digital data, or a purchase history associated with a user. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
outputting the user data to the external device upon determining that the at least one of the intent data or the attribute tag meet the relevance threshold. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the external device includes an advertisement generation platform, and at least one of the intent data, the attribute tag, or the user data are configured for use in generating a targeted digital advertisement by the advertisement generation platform. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the digital data associated with the digital media communications comprises:
continuously scanning, using an application programming interface (API), digital media communication; and extracting the digital data, using the API, upon detecting a new digital media communication. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
enabling the external device to set the relevance threshold, the relevance threshold being associated with one or more of color, brand, model, size, fit, year, or season. 8. An apparatus for advertisement targeting, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
receive digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications;
input the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model;
obtain intent data associated with an item as an output of the NLP model;
input the intent data into a tagging model;
obtain an attribute tag as an output of the tagging model, the attribute tag indicating a set of attributes associated with the item;
determine whether the intent data meets a likelihood threshold;
determine whether the attribute tag meet a relevance threshold; and
output the intent data and the attribute tag to an external device upon determining that the intent data meets the likelihood threshold and that the attribute tag meets the relevance threshold. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the digital data includes user data associated with a set of digital media platforms, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
input the user data into the tagging model. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the user data includes at least one of user credentials associated with a set of digital media platforms, a digital media post identification (ID) associated with the digital data, or a purchase history associated with a user. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
output the user data to the external device upon determining that the at least one of the intent data or the attribute tag meet the relevance threshold. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the external device includes an advertisement generation platform, and at least one of the intent data, the attribute tag, or the user data are configured for use in generating a targeted digital advertisement by the advertisement generation platform. 13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the digital data associated with the digital media communications by:
continuously scanning, using an application programming interface (API), digital media communication; and extracting the digital data, using the API, upon detecting a new digital media communication. 14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
enable the external device to set the relevance threshold, the relevance threshold being associated with one or more of color, brand, model, size, fit, year, or season. 15. A computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, comprising code to:
receive digital data associated with digital media communications, the digital data including textual data from the digital media communications; input the textual data into a natural language processing (NLP) model; obtain intent data associated with an item as an output of the NLP model; input the intent data into a tagging model; obtain an attribute tag as an output of the tagging model, the attribute tag indicating a set of attributes associated with the item; determine whether the intent data meets a likelihood threshold; determine whether the attribute tag meet a relevance threshold; and output the intent data and the attribute tag to an external device upon determining that the intent data meets the likelihood threshold and that the attribute tag meets the relevance threshold. 16. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the digital data includes user data associated with a set of digital media platforms, further comprising executable code to:
input the user data into the tagging model. 17. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the user data includes at least one of user credentials associated with a set of digital media platforms, a digital media post identification (ID) associated with the digital data, or a purchase history associated with a user. 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising executable code to:
outputting the user data to the external device upon determining that the at least one of the intent data or the attribute tag meet the relevance threshold. 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein:
the external device includes an advertisement generation platform, and at least one of the intent data, the attribute tag, or the user data are configured for use in generating a targeted digital advertisement by the advertisement generation platform. 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the executable code is configured to receive the digital data associated with the digital media communications by:
continuously scanning, using an application programming interface (API), digital media communication; and extracting the digital data, using the API, upon detecting a new digital media communication. | 2,600 |
348,928 | 16,806,497 | 2,616 | A light receiving device comprises a substrate of a first type on a first electrode, a first region of the first type on the substrate, second regions of the first type arrayed on the first region, and third regions of a second type on the second regions. A first isolation portion is between the adjacent second regions and adjacent third regions. A second isolation portion comprising a metal is embedded the first isolation portions. A fourth region of the second type is on the first region and spaced from the second regions in a second direction with a pair of fifth regions thereon. An insulating film is on the fourth region and the pair of fifth regions. A second electrode is on the insulating film between the pair of fifth regions. The second electrode is comprised of the same metal as the second isolation portion. | 1. A light receiving device, comprising:
a first electrode; a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type on the first electrode; a first semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on the semiconductor substrate; a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type arrayed on the first semiconductor region in a first direction; a plurality of third semiconductor regions of a second conductivity type respectively on the plurality of second semiconductor regions; a first isolation portion between each of the plurality of second semiconductor regions adjacent to each other in the first direction and between each of the plurality of third semiconductor regions adjacent to each other in the first direction, the first isolation portion being an electrical insulator; a second isolation portion embedded in each of the first isolation portions, the second isolation portions comprising a metal; a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type on the first semiconductor region and spaced from the second semiconductor region in a second direction; a pair of fifth semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type on the fourth semiconductor region spaced from each other in the second direction; an insulating film on the fourth semiconductor region and the pair of fifth semiconductor regions; and a second electrode on the insulating film between the pair of fifth semiconductor regions, the second electrode being comprised of the same metal as the second isolation portion. 2. The light receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the insulating film extends in the second direction from the fourth semiconductor region and covers the third semiconductor regions and the second isolation portions. 3. The light receiving device according to claim 2, further comprising: a resistor electrically connected between one of the plurality of third semiconductor regions and one of the pair of the fifth semiconductor regions, the resistor being on a portion of the insulating film above one of the second isolation portions in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. 4. The light receiving device according to claim 3, wherein a width of the resistor in the first direction is less than a width of the first isolation portions in the first direction. 5. The light receiving device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a quench resistor electrically connected between one of the plurality of third semiconductor regions and one of the pair of the fifth semiconductor regions, the quench resistor being on a portion of the insulating film above one of the second isolation portions in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions; and a control circuit connected to the second electrode and configured to switch a conduction state between the pair of fifth semiconductor regions by application of a voltage to the second electrode. 6. The light receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the second isolation portions extend in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions to a depth that is lower than a lowermost depth of the second semiconductor region in the third direction. 7. The light receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate is silicon. 8. A light receiving device, comprising:
a first electrode; a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type on the first electrode; a plurality of photoelectric transducers arrayed on the semiconductor substrate in a first direction, each photo electric transducer comprising:
a first semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on the semiconductor substrate;
a second semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on the first semiconductor region;
a third semiconductor region of a second conductivity type on the second semiconductor region;
a first isolation region between each adjacent pair of photoelectric transducers, the first isolation region being an electrical insulator and between the first semiconductor regions, second semiconductor regions, and third semiconductor regions of the adjacent pair of photoelectric transducers; a second isolation region embedded in each of the first isolation region, the second isolation region comprising a metal; and a control circuit on the semiconductor substrate and electrically connected to a photoelectric transducer in the plurality of photoelectric transducer, the control circuit comprising:
a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type on the first semiconductor region and spaced from the second semiconductor region in a second direction;
a pair of fifth semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type on the fourth semiconductor region spaced from each other in the second direction;
an insulating film on the fourth semiconductor region and the pair of fifth semiconductor regions; and
a second electrode on the insulating film between the pair of fifth semiconductor regions, the second electrode being comprised of the same metal as the second isolation region. 9. The light receiving device according to claim 8, wherein the insulating film extends in the second direction from the fourth semiconductor region and covers the third semiconductor regions and the second isolation regions. 10. The light receiving device according to claim 9, further comprising:
a quench resistor in the electrical connection between the control circuit and the photoelectric transducer, wherein at least a portion of the quench resistor is on the insulating film at a position directly above one of the second isolation regions. 11. The light receiving device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a quench resistor in the electrical connection between the control circuit and the photoelectric transducer. 12. The light receiving device according to claim 8, wherein the semiconductor substrate is silicon. 13. The light receiving device according to claim 8, wherein the first isolation region is silicon oxide. 14. The light receiving device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a plurality of control circuits on the semiconductor substrate, each control circuit being respectively connected to one of the plurality of photoelectric transducers. 15. The light receiving device according to claim 8, wherein the second isolation region extends in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions to a depth that is lower than a lowermost depth of the second semiconductor region in the third direction. 16. A distance measuring apparatus, comprising:
a light receiving device according to claim 1; a laser diode; a laser diode drive unit that controls the laser diode to emit light; and a measuring unit that calculates a time from when the light is emitted by the laser diode until reflected light is detected by the light receiving device, wherein the light receiving device is positioned to receive light emitted by the laser diode after reflection from a distant object. 17. A method of manufacturing a light receiving device, comprising:
forming a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type on a semiconductor substrate; forming a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type provided arrayed on the first semiconductor region in a first direction; forming a plurality of third semiconductor regions of a second conductivity type on each of the plurality of second semiconductor regions; forming a first isolation portion between each of the plurality of second semiconductor regions adjacent to each other in the first direction and between each of the plurality of third semiconductor regions adjacent to each other in the first direction, the first isolation portion extending into the first semiconductor region, the first isolation portion being an electrical insulator; forming a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type on the first semiconductor region to be spaced from the second semiconductor region in a second direction; forming a pair of fifth semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type on the fourth semiconductor region spaced from each other in the second direction; forming an insulating film on the fourth semiconductor region and the pair of fifth semiconductor regions; etching trench into the first isolation portion; embedding a conductive material comprising a metal in the trench and depositing the conductive material on the insulating film a position between the pair of fifth semiconductor regions; and forming a second insulating film above the embedded conductive material in the trench. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
forming a quench resistor on the second insulating film, the quench resistor including a portion above the conductive material embedded in the trench. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the width of the portion of the quench resistor above the conductive material embedded in the trench is less than or equal to the width of the conductive material in the trench. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the semiconductor substrate is silicon. | A light receiving device comprises a substrate of a first type on a first electrode, a first region of the first type on the substrate, second regions of the first type arrayed on the first region, and third regions of a second type on the second regions. A first isolation portion is between the adjacent second regions and adjacent third regions. A second isolation portion comprising a metal is embedded the first isolation portions. A fourth region of the second type is on the first region and spaced from the second regions in a second direction with a pair of fifth regions thereon. An insulating film is on the fourth region and the pair of fifth regions. A second electrode is on the insulating film between the pair of fifth regions. The second electrode is comprised of the same metal as the second isolation portion.1. A light receiving device, comprising:
a first electrode; a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type on the first electrode; a first semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on the semiconductor substrate; a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type arrayed on the first semiconductor region in a first direction; a plurality of third semiconductor regions of a second conductivity type respectively on the plurality of second semiconductor regions; a first isolation portion between each of the plurality of second semiconductor regions adjacent to each other in the first direction and between each of the plurality of third semiconductor regions adjacent to each other in the first direction, the first isolation portion being an electrical insulator; a second isolation portion embedded in each of the first isolation portions, the second isolation portions comprising a metal; a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type on the first semiconductor region and spaced from the second semiconductor region in a second direction; a pair of fifth semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type on the fourth semiconductor region spaced from each other in the second direction; an insulating film on the fourth semiconductor region and the pair of fifth semiconductor regions; and a second electrode on the insulating film between the pair of fifth semiconductor regions, the second electrode being comprised of the same metal as the second isolation portion. 2. The light receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the insulating film extends in the second direction from the fourth semiconductor region and covers the third semiconductor regions and the second isolation portions. 3. The light receiving device according to claim 2, further comprising: a resistor electrically connected between one of the plurality of third semiconductor regions and one of the pair of the fifth semiconductor regions, the resistor being on a portion of the insulating film above one of the second isolation portions in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. 4. The light receiving device according to claim 3, wherein a width of the resistor in the first direction is less than a width of the first isolation portions in the first direction. 5. The light receiving device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a quench resistor electrically connected between one of the plurality of third semiconductor regions and one of the pair of the fifth semiconductor regions, the quench resistor being on a portion of the insulating film above one of the second isolation portions in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions; and a control circuit connected to the second electrode and configured to switch a conduction state between the pair of fifth semiconductor regions by application of a voltage to the second electrode. 6. The light receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the second isolation portions extend in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions to a depth that is lower than a lowermost depth of the second semiconductor region in the third direction. 7. The light receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate is silicon. 8. A light receiving device, comprising:
a first electrode; a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type on the first electrode; a plurality of photoelectric transducers arrayed on the semiconductor substrate in a first direction, each photo electric transducer comprising:
a first semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on the semiconductor substrate;
a second semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on the first semiconductor region;
a third semiconductor region of a second conductivity type on the second semiconductor region;
a first isolation region between each adjacent pair of photoelectric transducers, the first isolation region being an electrical insulator and between the first semiconductor regions, second semiconductor regions, and third semiconductor regions of the adjacent pair of photoelectric transducers; a second isolation region embedded in each of the first isolation region, the second isolation region comprising a metal; and a control circuit on the semiconductor substrate and electrically connected to a photoelectric transducer in the plurality of photoelectric transducer, the control circuit comprising:
a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type on the first semiconductor region and spaced from the second semiconductor region in a second direction;
a pair of fifth semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type on the fourth semiconductor region spaced from each other in the second direction;
an insulating film on the fourth semiconductor region and the pair of fifth semiconductor regions; and
a second electrode on the insulating film between the pair of fifth semiconductor regions, the second electrode being comprised of the same metal as the second isolation region. 9. The light receiving device according to claim 8, wherein the insulating film extends in the second direction from the fourth semiconductor region and covers the third semiconductor regions and the second isolation regions. 10. The light receiving device according to claim 9, further comprising:
a quench resistor in the electrical connection between the control circuit and the photoelectric transducer, wherein at least a portion of the quench resistor is on the insulating film at a position directly above one of the second isolation regions. 11. The light receiving device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a quench resistor in the electrical connection between the control circuit and the photoelectric transducer. 12. The light receiving device according to claim 8, wherein the semiconductor substrate is silicon. 13. The light receiving device according to claim 8, wherein the first isolation region is silicon oxide. 14. The light receiving device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a plurality of control circuits on the semiconductor substrate, each control circuit being respectively connected to one of the plurality of photoelectric transducers. 15. The light receiving device according to claim 8, wherein the second isolation region extends in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions to a depth that is lower than a lowermost depth of the second semiconductor region in the third direction. 16. A distance measuring apparatus, comprising:
a light receiving device according to claim 1; a laser diode; a laser diode drive unit that controls the laser diode to emit light; and a measuring unit that calculates a time from when the light is emitted by the laser diode until reflected light is detected by the light receiving device, wherein the light receiving device is positioned to receive light emitted by the laser diode after reflection from a distant object. 17. A method of manufacturing a light receiving device, comprising:
forming a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type on a semiconductor substrate; forming a plurality of second semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type provided arrayed on the first semiconductor region in a first direction; forming a plurality of third semiconductor regions of a second conductivity type on each of the plurality of second semiconductor regions; forming a first isolation portion between each of the plurality of second semiconductor regions adjacent to each other in the first direction and between each of the plurality of third semiconductor regions adjacent to each other in the first direction, the first isolation portion extending into the first semiconductor region, the first isolation portion being an electrical insulator; forming a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type on the first semiconductor region to be spaced from the second semiconductor region in a second direction; forming a pair of fifth semiconductor regions of the first conductivity type on the fourth semiconductor region spaced from each other in the second direction; forming an insulating film on the fourth semiconductor region and the pair of fifth semiconductor regions; etching trench into the first isolation portion; embedding a conductive material comprising a metal in the trench and depositing the conductive material on the insulating film a position between the pair of fifth semiconductor regions; and forming a second insulating film above the embedded conductive material in the trench. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
forming a quench resistor on the second insulating film, the quench resistor including a portion above the conductive material embedded in the trench. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the width of the portion of the quench resistor above the conductive material embedded in the trench is less than or equal to the width of the conductive material in the trench. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the semiconductor substrate is silicon. | 2,600 |
348,929 | 16,806,461 | 2,642 | There is provided a method of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing a femtocell base station to a macrocell base station, the method in the femtocell base station comprising determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station; determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. | 1. A method of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing a femtocell base station to a macrocell base station, the method in the femtocell base station comprising:
determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station; determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises a plurality of symbols, each symbol having a cyclic prefix, and wherein the step of determining an uplink timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises determining an uplink symbol timing estimate by:
examining the signal transmitted from the mobile device and identifying repeated portions in the signal transmitted from the mobile device, the repeated portions being a cyclic prefix at the start of a symbol and a final portion of the symbol corresponding to the cyclic prefix; and determining the uplink symbol timing estimate as the start of the identified cyclic prefix. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a downlink timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the macrocell base station comprises determining a downlink symbol timing estimate from synchronization information contained in the signal. 4. A method as claimed in claim 1, the method further comprising:
determining an offset between uplink and downlink transmissions between the macrocell base station and the mobile device, wherein the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is determined from at least one of the offset, the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method in the femtocell base station further comprises:
identifying a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station and that is near to the femtocell base station, wherein the step of determining an uplink timing estimate comprises determining the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by the identified mobile device. 6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein identifying a mobile device that is near to the femtocell base station comprises:
receiving signals at the femtocell base station transmitted by a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station; comparing the strength of the signals received at the femtocell base station to a threshold; and determining that the mobile device is close to the femtocell base station if the strength of the signals exceeds the threshold. 7. A method as claimed in claim 5, further comprising causing a mobile device that is being served by the femtocell base station to hand-off to the macrocell base station, and determining an uplink timing estimate comprises determining the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by that mobile device. 8. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the timing estimate determined when determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is an estimate of the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station. 9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the estimate of the propagation delay is determined from a difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 10. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the timing estimate determined in the step of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is an estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station is determined by (i) taking the average of the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate; (ii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and subtracting the estimated propagation delay from the downlink timing estimate; or (iii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and adding the estimated propagation delay to the uplink timing estimate. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station by determining a timing estimate using the method as claimed in claim 1 and adjusting the timing of transmissions from the femtocell base station according to the determined timing estimate. 13. A femtocell base station for use in a communication network that includes at least one macrocell base station, the femtocell base station comprising:
a processor configured to execute computer-readable code; a memory accessible by the processor, the memory storing non-transitory computer-readable code configured to:
determine an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station;
determine a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and
determine a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 14. A femtocell base station for use in a communication network comprising at least one macrocell base station, the femtocell base station comprising:
a processor configured to determine a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station by:
determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station;
determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and
determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 15. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises a plurality of symbols, each symbol having a cyclic prefix, and wherein the uplink timing estimate is an uplink symbol timing estimate, and the processor is configured to determine the uplink symbol timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station by:
examining the signal and identifying repeated portions in the signal, the repeated portions being a cyclic prefix at the start of a symbol and a final portion of the symbol corresponding to the cyclic prefix; and determining the uplink symbol timing estimate as the start of the identified cyclic prefix. 16. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the downlink timing estimate is a downlink symbol timing estimate, and the processor is configured to determine the downlink symbol timing estimate from synchronization information contained in the signal transmitted from the macrocell base station. 17. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine an offset between uplink and downlink transmissions between the macrocell base station and the mobile device, and determine the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from one or more of the offset, the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 18. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station and that is near to the femtocell base station; and determine the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by the identified mobile device. 19. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to identify a mobile device that is near to the femtocell base station by:
comparing the strength of signals received at the femtocell base station that have been transmitted by a mobile device served by the macrocell base station to a threshold; and determining that the mobile device is close to the femtocell base station if the strength of the signals exceeds the threshold. 20. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to:
cause a mobile device that is being served by the femtocell base station to hand-off to the macrocell base station; and determine the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by that mobile device. 21.-25. (canceled) | There is provided a method of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing a femtocell base station to a macrocell base station, the method in the femtocell base station comprising determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station; determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate.1. A method of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing a femtocell base station to a macrocell base station, the method in the femtocell base station comprising:
determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station; determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises a plurality of symbols, each symbol having a cyclic prefix, and wherein the step of determining an uplink timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises determining an uplink symbol timing estimate by:
examining the signal transmitted from the mobile device and identifying repeated portions in the signal transmitted from the mobile device, the repeated portions being a cyclic prefix at the start of a symbol and a final portion of the symbol corresponding to the cyclic prefix; and determining the uplink symbol timing estimate as the start of the identified cyclic prefix. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a downlink timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the macrocell base station comprises determining a downlink symbol timing estimate from synchronization information contained in the signal. 4. A method as claimed in claim 1, the method further comprising:
determining an offset between uplink and downlink transmissions between the macrocell base station and the mobile device, wherein the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is determined from at least one of the offset, the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method in the femtocell base station further comprises:
identifying a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station and that is near to the femtocell base station, wherein the step of determining an uplink timing estimate comprises determining the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by the identified mobile device. 6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein identifying a mobile device that is near to the femtocell base station comprises:
receiving signals at the femtocell base station transmitted by a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station; comparing the strength of the signals received at the femtocell base station to a threshold; and determining that the mobile device is close to the femtocell base station if the strength of the signals exceeds the threshold. 7. A method as claimed in claim 5, further comprising causing a mobile device that is being served by the femtocell base station to hand-off to the macrocell base station, and determining an uplink timing estimate comprises determining the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by that mobile device. 8. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the timing estimate determined when determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is an estimate of the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station. 9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the estimate of the propagation delay is determined from a difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 10. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the timing estimate determined in the step of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is an estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station is determined by (i) taking the average of the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate; (ii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and subtracting the estimated propagation delay from the downlink timing estimate; or (iii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and adding the estimated propagation delay to the uplink timing estimate. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station by determining a timing estimate using the method as claimed in claim 1 and adjusting the timing of transmissions from the femtocell base station according to the determined timing estimate. 13. A femtocell base station for use in a communication network that includes at least one macrocell base station, the femtocell base station comprising:
a processor configured to execute computer-readable code; a memory accessible by the processor, the memory storing non-transitory computer-readable code configured to:
determine an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station;
determine a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and
determine a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 14. A femtocell base station for use in a communication network comprising at least one macrocell base station, the femtocell base station comprising:
a processor configured to determine a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station by:
determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station;
determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and
determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 15. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises a plurality of symbols, each symbol having a cyclic prefix, and wherein the uplink timing estimate is an uplink symbol timing estimate, and the processor is configured to determine the uplink symbol timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station by:
examining the signal and identifying repeated portions in the signal, the repeated portions being a cyclic prefix at the start of a symbol and a final portion of the symbol corresponding to the cyclic prefix; and determining the uplink symbol timing estimate as the start of the identified cyclic prefix. 16. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the downlink timing estimate is a downlink symbol timing estimate, and the processor is configured to determine the downlink symbol timing estimate from synchronization information contained in the signal transmitted from the macrocell base station. 17. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine an offset between uplink and downlink transmissions between the macrocell base station and the mobile device, and determine the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from one or more of the offset, the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 18. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station and that is near to the femtocell base station; and determine the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by the identified mobile device. 19. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to identify a mobile device that is near to the femtocell base station by:
comparing the strength of signals received at the femtocell base station that have been transmitted by a mobile device served by the macrocell base station to a threshold; and determining that the mobile device is close to the femtocell base station if the strength of the signals exceeds the threshold. 20. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to:
cause a mobile device that is being served by the femtocell base station to hand-off to the macrocell base station; and determine the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by that mobile device. 21.-25. (canceled) | 2,600 |
348,930 | 16,806,487 | 2,642 | A search circuit includes a content-addressable memory (CAM) including a plurality of CAM cells configured to store a plurality of entry data, each entry data including a first bit corresponding to a least significant bit through a K-th bit corresponding to a most significant bit, the CAM configured to provide a plurality of matching signals indicating whether each of the plurality of entry data matches searching data, and a CAM controller configured to perform a partial searching operation such that the CAM controller applies comparison bits corresponding to a portion of the first through K-th bits as the searching data to the CAM and searches for target entry data among the plurality of entry data based on the plurality of matching signals indicating that the corresponding bits of the target entry data match the comparison bits. | 1. A search circuit comprising:
a content-addressable memory (CAM) comprising a plurality of CAM cells configured to store a plurality of entry data, each entry data comprising a first bit corresponding to a least significant bit through a K-th bit corresponding to a most significant bit, the CAM configured to provide a plurality of matching signals indicating whether each of the plurality of entry data matches searching data; and a CAM controller configured to perform a partial searching operation such that the CAM controller applies comparison bits corresponding to a portion of the first through K-th bits as the searching data to the CAM and searches for target entry data among the plurality of entry data based on the plurality of matching signals indicating that the corresponding bits of the target entry data match the comparison bits. 2. The search circuit of claim 1, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to repeat the partial searching operation by changing the comparison bits until the target entry data are determined. 3. The search circuit of claim 1, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to repeat the partial searching operation by increasing a number of the comparison bits one by one in a direction from the K-th bit to the first bit to determine maximum entry data having a maximum value among the entry data or to determine minimum entry data having a minimum value among the entry data as the target entry data. 4. The search circuit of claim 3, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to determine values of (i+1) comparison bits of an (i+1)-th partial searching operation based on the plurality of matching signals of an i-th partial searching operation having i comparison bits, where i is a natural number. 5. The search circuit of claim 4, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to not perform the (i+1)-th partial searching operation responsive to only one of the plurality of matching signals being activated by the i-th partial searching operation. 6. The search circuit of claim 3, wherein, responsive to the target entry data being the maximum entry data, the CAM controller is further configured to perform a first partial searching operation by applying the K-th comparison bit having a value of 1 to the CAM. 7. The search circuit of claim 6, wherein, responsive to the target entry data being the maximum entry data having the maximum value among the entry data, the CAM controller is further configured to perform the (i+1)-th partial searching operation by applying the K-th through (K-i+1)-th comparison bits to the CAM such that the CAM controller is further configured to set the value of the (K-i+1)-th comparison bit to 1 responsive to at least one of the plurality of matching signals being activated by the i-th partial searching operation, and is further configured to set the value of the (K-i+1)-th comparison bit to 0 and the value of the (K-i)-th comparison bit to 1 responsive to all of the plurality of matching signals being deactivated by the i-th partial searching operation. 8. The search circuit of claim 7, wherein, responsive to only one of the plurality of matching signals being activated, the CAM controller is further configured to determine the entry data corresponding to the only one activated matching signal as the maximum entry data having the maximum value among the entry data. 9. The search circuit of claim 3, wherein, responsive to the target entry data being the minimum entry data having the minimum value among the entry data, the CAM controller is further configured to perform a first partial searching operation by applying the K-th comparison bit having a value of 0 to the CAM. 10. The search circuit of claim 9, wherein, responsive to the target entry data being the minimum entry data having the minimum value among the entry data, the CAM controller is further configured to perform the (i+1)-th partial searching operation by applying the K-th through (K-i+1)-th comparison bits to the CAM such that the CAM controller is further configured to set the value of the (K-i+1)-th comparison bit to 0 when at least one of the plurality of matching signals is activated by the i-th partial searching operation, and is further configured to set the value of the (K-i+1)-th comparison bit to 1 and the value of the (K-i)-th comparison bit to 0 when all of the plurality of matching signals are deactivated by the i-th partial searching operation. 11. The search circuit of claim 10, wherein, responsive to only one of the plurality of matching signals being activated, the CAM controller is further configured to determine the entry data corresponding to the only one activated matching signal as the minimum entry data having the minimum value among the entry data. 12. The search circuit of claim 1, wherein the CAM comprises a binary CAM (BCAM) that stores a value of 0 or a value of 1 to each bit of the first through K-th bits of the plurality of entry data. 13. The search circuit of claim 12, wherein the CAM cells corresponding to each of the first through K-th bits of the plurality of entry data are configured to receive each bit of the searching data through a normal searching line and a complementary searching line. 14. The search circuit of claim 12, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to apply a value of 1 to one of the normal searching line and the complementary searching line and to apply a value of 0 to the other of the normal searching line and the complementary searching line, with respect to each of the comparison bits among bits of the searching data, and
wherein the CAM controller is further configured to apply the value of 1 or the value of 0 to both of the normal searching line and the complementary searching line, respectively, with respect to each of non-comparison bits among the bits of the searching data. 15. A memory system comprising:
a memory cell array comprising a plurality of memory cells; a hammer address management circuit configured to determine a hammer address of the memory cell array that is accessed intensively; and a refresh controller configured to perform a hammer refresh operation to refresh a first row of the memory cell array that is physically adjacent to a second row of the memory cell array corresponding to the hammer address, wherein the hammer address management circuit comprises:
an address storage configured to store a plurality of row addresses based on an access address signal;
a content-addressable memory (CAM) comprising a plurality of CAM cells configured to store a plurality of access count data indicating a plurality of access counts of the plurality of row addresses, each access count data comprising a first bit corresponding to a least significant bit through a K-th bit corresponding to a most significant bit, the CAM configured to provide a plurality of matching signals indicating whether each of the plurality of access count data matches searching data;
a CAM controller configured to perform a partial searching operation such that the CAM controller applies comparison bits corresponding to a portion of the first through K-th bits as the searching data to the CAM and searches for target count data among the plurality of access count data based on the plurality of matching signals indicating that the corresponding bits of the target count data match the comparison bits; and
an address controller configured to provide the hammer address among the plurality of row addresses stored in the address storage, based on a result of searching for the target count data. 16. The memory system of claim 15, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to repeat the partial searching operation by increasing a number of the comparison bits one by one in a direction from the K-th bit to the first bit to determine maximum count data having a maximum value among the access count data or minimum count data having a minimum value among the access count data as the target count data. 17. The memory system of claim 15, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to repeat the partial searching operation to determine maximum count data having a maximum value among the plurality of access count data as the target count data, and
wherein the address controller is further configured to provide the row address corresponding the maximum count data as the hammer address. 18. The memory system of claim 15, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to repeat the partial searching operation to determine maximum count data having a maximum value among the plurality of access count data as the target count data, and
wherein the address controller is further configured to store a new row address in the address storage to replace the row address corresponding to the minimum count data with the new row address. 19. The memory system of claim 15, wherein the CAM comprises a binary CAM (BCAM) that stores a value of 0 or a value of 1 to each bit of the first through K-th bits of the plurality of access count data. 20. A hammer address management circuit of a memory system, comprising:
an address storage configured to store a plurality of row addresses based on an access address signal provided to a memory device; a content-addressable memory (CAM) comprising a plurality of CAM cells configured to store a plurality of access count data indicating a plurality of access counts of the plurality of the plurality of row addresses, each access count data including a first bit corresponding to a least significant bit through a K-th bit corresponding to a most significant bit, the CAM configured to provide a plurality of matching signals indicating whether each of the plurality of access count data matches searching data; a CAM controller configured to perform a partial searching operation such that the CAM controller applies comparison bits corresponding to a portion of the first through K-th bits as the searching data to the CAM and search for target count data among the plurality of access count data based on the plurality of matching signals indicating that the corresponding bits of the target count data match the comparison bits; and an address controller configured to provide a hammer address of the memory device that is accessed intensively, based on a result of searching for the target count data. | A search circuit includes a content-addressable memory (CAM) including a plurality of CAM cells configured to store a plurality of entry data, each entry data including a first bit corresponding to a least significant bit through a K-th bit corresponding to a most significant bit, the CAM configured to provide a plurality of matching signals indicating whether each of the plurality of entry data matches searching data, and a CAM controller configured to perform a partial searching operation such that the CAM controller applies comparison bits corresponding to a portion of the first through K-th bits as the searching data to the CAM and searches for target entry data among the plurality of entry data based on the plurality of matching signals indicating that the corresponding bits of the target entry data match the comparison bits.1. A search circuit comprising:
a content-addressable memory (CAM) comprising a plurality of CAM cells configured to store a plurality of entry data, each entry data comprising a first bit corresponding to a least significant bit through a K-th bit corresponding to a most significant bit, the CAM configured to provide a plurality of matching signals indicating whether each of the plurality of entry data matches searching data; and a CAM controller configured to perform a partial searching operation such that the CAM controller applies comparison bits corresponding to a portion of the first through K-th bits as the searching data to the CAM and searches for target entry data among the plurality of entry data based on the plurality of matching signals indicating that the corresponding bits of the target entry data match the comparison bits. 2. The search circuit of claim 1, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to repeat the partial searching operation by changing the comparison bits until the target entry data are determined. 3. The search circuit of claim 1, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to repeat the partial searching operation by increasing a number of the comparison bits one by one in a direction from the K-th bit to the first bit to determine maximum entry data having a maximum value among the entry data or to determine minimum entry data having a minimum value among the entry data as the target entry data. 4. The search circuit of claim 3, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to determine values of (i+1) comparison bits of an (i+1)-th partial searching operation based on the plurality of matching signals of an i-th partial searching operation having i comparison bits, where i is a natural number. 5. The search circuit of claim 4, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to not perform the (i+1)-th partial searching operation responsive to only one of the plurality of matching signals being activated by the i-th partial searching operation. 6. The search circuit of claim 3, wherein, responsive to the target entry data being the maximum entry data, the CAM controller is further configured to perform a first partial searching operation by applying the K-th comparison bit having a value of 1 to the CAM. 7. The search circuit of claim 6, wherein, responsive to the target entry data being the maximum entry data having the maximum value among the entry data, the CAM controller is further configured to perform the (i+1)-th partial searching operation by applying the K-th through (K-i+1)-th comparison bits to the CAM such that the CAM controller is further configured to set the value of the (K-i+1)-th comparison bit to 1 responsive to at least one of the plurality of matching signals being activated by the i-th partial searching operation, and is further configured to set the value of the (K-i+1)-th comparison bit to 0 and the value of the (K-i)-th comparison bit to 1 responsive to all of the plurality of matching signals being deactivated by the i-th partial searching operation. 8. The search circuit of claim 7, wherein, responsive to only one of the plurality of matching signals being activated, the CAM controller is further configured to determine the entry data corresponding to the only one activated matching signal as the maximum entry data having the maximum value among the entry data. 9. The search circuit of claim 3, wherein, responsive to the target entry data being the minimum entry data having the minimum value among the entry data, the CAM controller is further configured to perform a first partial searching operation by applying the K-th comparison bit having a value of 0 to the CAM. 10. The search circuit of claim 9, wherein, responsive to the target entry data being the minimum entry data having the minimum value among the entry data, the CAM controller is further configured to perform the (i+1)-th partial searching operation by applying the K-th through (K-i+1)-th comparison bits to the CAM such that the CAM controller is further configured to set the value of the (K-i+1)-th comparison bit to 0 when at least one of the plurality of matching signals is activated by the i-th partial searching operation, and is further configured to set the value of the (K-i+1)-th comparison bit to 1 and the value of the (K-i)-th comparison bit to 0 when all of the plurality of matching signals are deactivated by the i-th partial searching operation. 11. The search circuit of claim 10, wherein, responsive to only one of the plurality of matching signals being activated, the CAM controller is further configured to determine the entry data corresponding to the only one activated matching signal as the minimum entry data having the minimum value among the entry data. 12. The search circuit of claim 1, wherein the CAM comprises a binary CAM (BCAM) that stores a value of 0 or a value of 1 to each bit of the first through K-th bits of the plurality of entry data. 13. The search circuit of claim 12, wherein the CAM cells corresponding to each of the first through K-th bits of the plurality of entry data are configured to receive each bit of the searching data through a normal searching line and a complementary searching line. 14. The search circuit of claim 12, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to apply a value of 1 to one of the normal searching line and the complementary searching line and to apply a value of 0 to the other of the normal searching line and the complementary searching line, with respect to each of the comparison bits among bits of the searching data, and
wherein the CAM controller is further configured to apply the value of 1 or the value of 0 to both of the normal searching line and the complementary searching line, respectively, with respect to each of non-comparison bits among the bits of the searching data. 15. A memory system comprising:
a memory cell array comprising a plurality of memory cells; a hammer address management circuit configured to determine a hammer address of the memory cell array that is accessed intensively; and a refresh controller configured to perform a hammer refresh operation to refresh a first row of the memory cell array that is physically adjacent to a second row of the memory cell array corresponding to the hammer address, wherein the hammer address management circuit comprises:
an address storage configured to store a plurality of row addresses based on an access address signal;
a content-addressable memory (CAM) comprising a plurality of CAM cells configured to store a plurality of access count data indicating a plurality of access counts of the plurality of row addresses, each access count data comprising a first bit corresponding to a least significant bit through a K-th bit corresponding to a most significant bit, the CAM configured to provide a plurality of matching signals indicating whether each of the plurality of access count data matches searching data;
a CAM controller configured to perform a partial searching operation such that the CAM controller applies comparison bits corresponding to a portion of the first through K-th bits as the searching data to the CAM and searches for target count data among the plurality of access count data based on the plurality of matching signals indicating that the corresponding bits of the target count data match the comparison bits; and
an address controller configured to provide the hammer address among the plurality of row addresses stored in the address storage, based on a result of searching for the target count data. 16. The memory system of claim 15, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to repeat the partial searching operation by increasing a number of the comparison bits one by one in a direction from the K-th bit to the first bit to determine maximum count data having a maximum value among the access count data or minimum count data having a minimum value among the access count data as the target count data. 17. The memory system of claim 15, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to repeat the partial searching operation to determine maximum count data having a maximum value among the plurality of access count data as the target count data, and
wherein the address controller is further configured to provide the row address corresponding the maximum count data as the hammer address. 18. The memory system of claim 15, wherein the CAM controller is further configured to repeat the partial searching operation to determine maximum count data having a maximum value among the plurality of access count data as the target count data, and
wherein the address controller is further configured to store a new row address in the address storage to replace the row address corresponding to the minimum count data with the new row address. 19. The memory system of claim 15, wherein the CAM comprises a binary CAM (BCAM) that stores a value of 0 or a value of 1 to each bit of the first through K-th bits of the plurality of access count data. 20. A hammer address management circuit of a memory system, comprising:
an address storage configured to store a plurality of row addresses based on an access address signal provided to a memory device; a content-addressable memory (CAM) comprising a plurality of CAM cells configured to store a plurality of access count data indicating a plurality of access counts of the plurality of the plurality of row addresses, each access count data including a first bit corresponding to a least significant bit through a K-th bit corresponding to a most significant bit, the CAM configured to provide a plurality of matching signals indicating whether each of the plurality of access count data matches searching data; a CAM controller configured to perform a partial searching operation such that the CAM controller applies comparison bits corresponding to a portion of the first through K-th bits as the searching data to the CAM and search for target count data among the plurality of access count data based on the plurality of matching signals indicating that the corresponding bits of the target count data match the comparison bits; and an address controller configured to provide a hammer address of the memory device that is accessed intensively, based on a result of searching for the target count data. | 2,600 |
348,931 | 16,806,491 | 3,631 | Devices, apparatus and systems for preventing towels from slipping off a towel holder are disclosed. The apparatus, devices and systems may include a surface that provides a frictional interface between the towel and towel holder. Two opposing edges of such a device may each include at least one raised or enlarged attachment formation which, when the device is moved from an unraveled condition to an engaged condition, may be aligned and connected to effectively connect the edges to each other. Such a device may further include a plurality of friction formations configured to face and contact a towel and a plurality of ridges configured to face and contact a towel holder when the device is in an engaged condition, surrounding a towel holder and supporting a towel. | 1. A device for preventing a towel from slipping off of a towel holder, said device being removable from said towel holder and comprising:
a body including a pair of opposing first and second edges and defining
a towel contacting surface configured to provide a frictional interface for a towel, and
an opposed towel holder contacting surface configured to contact a towel holder;
at least one attachment formation associated with the body and positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body; at least one attachment formation associated with the body and positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body, and the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body is configured to be aligned with and connected to the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body to place the body into an engaged condition surrounding a towel holder. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein
said at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body comprises a plurality of attachment formations, and said at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body comprises a plurality of attachment formations. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein
the plurality of attachment formations positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body are arranged in a row, and the plurality of attachment formations positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body are arranged in a plurality of rows. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the attachment formations are substantially identical. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein each attachment formation is generally configured as a square frustum with rounded edges and corners. 6. The device claim 1, wherein
each attachment formation includes an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, each attachment formation includes a lower surface positioned below the towel holder contacting surface, and the upper surface of the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body or positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body is configured to be aligned with and connected to the lower surface of the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the other one of the first and second edge of the body. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein
each attachment formation includes an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, each attachment formation includes a lower surface positioned below the towel holder contacting surface, and the lower surface of the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body is configured to be aligned with and connected to the lower surface of the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein
each attachment formation includes an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, each attachment formation includes a lower surface positioned below the towel holder contacting surface, and the upper and lower surfaces are substantially parallel with a plane defined by the body of the device. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein
each attachment formation includes an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, each attachment formation includes a lower surface positioned below the towel holder contacting surface, and the upper surfaces are positioned farther above the towel contacting surface than the lower surfaces are positioned below the towel holder contacting surface. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a magnet embedded in each attachment formation. 11. The device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of friction formations associated with the towel contacting surface and extending above the towel contacting surface. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of friction formations are positioned between the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first end and the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the second end. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of friction formations are integrally formed with the body. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the body is formed of a polymeric material. 15. The device of claim 1, wherein the body is formed of a silicone material. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of friction formations are substantially identical. 17. The device of claim 11, wherein
each friction formation has an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, each attachment formation has an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, and the upper surfaces of the friction formations are closer to the towel contacting surface than the upper surfaces of the attachment formations. 18. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of friction formations are arranged in uniform rows and columns. 19. The device of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of grooves defined in the towel holder contacting surface, wherein
the plurality of grooves are positioned between the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first edge and the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the second edge, and the plurality of grooves extend substantially parallel to the first and second edges. 20. A device for preventing a towel from slipping off a towel holder, said device being removable from said holder and comprising:
a body comprising a top portion and at least a pair of side arms relatively movable to said top portion, wherein at least said top portion is textured, and said top portion and said side arms defining a gap configured to substantially receive and surround a towel holder. | Devices, apparatus and systems for preventing towels from slipping off a towel holder are disclosed. The apparatus, devices and systems may include a surface that provides a frictional interface between the towel and towel holder. Two opposing edges of such a device may each include at least one raised or enlarged attachment formation which, when the device is moved from an unraveled condition to an engaged condition, may be aligned and connected to effectively connect the edges to each other. Such a device may further include a plurality of friction formations configured to face and contact a towel and a plurality of ridges configured to face and contact a towel holder when the device is in an engaged condition, surrounding a towel holder and supporting a towel.1. A device for preventing a towel from slipping off of a towel holder, said device being removable from said towel holder and comprising:
a body including a pair of opposing first and second edges and defining
a towel contacting surface configured to provide a frictional interface for a towel, and
an opposed towel holder contacting surface configured to contact a towel holder;
at least one attachment formation associated with the body and positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body; at least one attachment formation associated with the body and positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body, and the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body is configured to be aligned with and connected to the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body to place the body into an engaged condition surrounding a towel holder. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein
said at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body comprises a plurality of attachment formations, and said at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body comprises a plurality of attachment formations. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein
the plurality of attachment formations positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body are arranged in a row, and the plurality of attachment formations positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body are arranged in a plurality of rows. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the attachment formations are substantially identical. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein each attachment formation is generally configured as a square frustum with rounded edges and corners. 6. The device claim 1, wherein
each attachment formation includes an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, each attachment formation includes a lower surface positioned below the towel holder contacting surface, and the upper surface of the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body or positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body is configured to be aligned with and connected to the lower surface of the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the other one of the first and second edge of the body. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein
each attachment formation includes an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, each attachment formation includes a lower surface positioned below the towel holder contacting surface, and the lower surface of the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first edge of the body is configured to be aligned with and connected to the lower surface of the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the second edge of the body. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein
each attachment formation includes an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, each attachment formation includes a lower surface positioned below the towel holder contacting surface, and the upper and lower surfaces are substantially parallel with a plane defined by the body of the device. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein
each attachment formation includes an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, each attachment formation includes a lower surface positioned below the towel holder contacting surface, and the upper surfaces are positioned farther above the towel contacting surface than the lower surfaces are positioned below the towel holder contacting surface. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a magnet embedded in each attachment formation. 11. The device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of friction formations associated with the towel contacting surface and extending above the towel contacting surface. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of friction formations are positioned between the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first end and the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the second end. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of friction formations are integrally formed with the body. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the body is formed of a polymeric material. 15. The device of claim 1, wherein the body is formed of a silicone material. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of friction formations are substantially identical. 17. The device of claim 11, wherein
each friction formation has an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, each attachment formation has an upper surface positioned above the towel contacting surface, and the upper surfaces of the friction formations are closer to the towel contacting surface than the upper surfaces of the attachment formations. 18. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of friction formations are arranged in uniform rows and columns. 19. The device of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of grooves defined in the towel holder contacting surface, wherein
the plurality of grooves are positioned between the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the first edge and the at least one attachment formation positioned adjacent to the second edge, and the plurality of grooves extend substantially parallel to the first and second edges. 20. A device for preventing a towel from slipping off a towel holder, said device being removable from said holder and comprising:
a body comprising a top portion and at least a pair of side arms relatively movable to said top portion, wherein at least said top portion is textured, and said top portion and said side arms defining a gap configured to substantially receive and surround a towel holder. | 3,600 |
348,932 | 16,806,486 | 3,631 | Disclosed is a method and corresponding system for correcting the pileup effect in energy-discriminating photon-counting detectors. According to a first aspect, there is provided a method for pileup correction in a non-paralyzable energy-discriminating photon-counting x-ray detector operating based on a number of energy bins. The method includes adding, for each of a number of energy bins, a correction term to the detected signal of the energy bin, the correction term being a product of two separable parameterized functions, each of which includes at least one parameter, where a first parameterized function depends on a weighted sum of the detected signal over the energy bins, and where a second parameterized function depends on the detected signal(s) in one or several energy bin(s). By assuming separability and ignoring any cross correlations, the number of parameters and the complexity of the pileup correction algorithm are reduced substantially. | 1. A method for pileup correction in a non-paralyzable energy-discriminating photon-counting x-ray detector operating based on a number of energy bins, wherein the method comprises adding, for each of a number of energy bins, a correction term to the detected signal of the energy bin, said correction term being a product of two separable parameterized functions, each of which includes at least one parameter, where a first parameterized function depends on a weighted sum of the detected signal over the energy bins, and where a second parameterized function depends on the detected signal(s) in one or several energy bin(s). 2. The method according to claim 1, in which said first parameterized function includes at least one parameter, said parameter(s) being specific to the pixel and/or depth segment and/or bin that is being corrected. 3. The method according to claim 1, in which said second parameterized function includes at least one parameter, said parameter(s) being specific to the pixel and/or depth segment and/or bin that is being corrected. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the x-ray detector is a depth-segmented edge-on detector and in which said second parameterized function further depends on the detected and/or the corrected signal(s) in one or several energy bin(s) from two or more depth segments of each detector pixel. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the x-ray detector is a depth-segmented edge-on detector and the method further comprises an additional step of applying one or several multiplication factor(s) to the detected signal and/or the corrected count rate from two or more depth segments of each detector pixel, said multiplication factor(s) being dependent on the detected count rate and/or the corrected count rate, and said multiplication factor(s) being chosen to optimize the contrast-to-noise ratio at each count rate when the signal from said depth segments are combined to a pixel signal. 6. The method according to claim 1, in which said first function is a rational function. 7. The method according to claim 1, in which said first function is an exponential function. 8. The method according to claim 1, in which said second function is a linear combination of the signal from all bins, i.e. a matrix operator with a size corresponding to the number of bins squared. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of performing calibration of at least a subset of the parameter(s) of the first parameterized function and/or the second parameterized function and/or the parameters of the weighted sum. 10. The method according to claim 9, in which at least a subset of the parameters of the first parameterized function and/or the second parameterized function and/or the parameters of the weighted sum are determined and/or calibrated by exposing the x-ray detector with a range of photon rates, resulting indifferent levels of pileup. 11. The method according to claim 10, in which the range of photon rates is generated by varying the x-ray tube current. 12. The method according to claim 10, in which the range of photon rates is generated by a range of material combinations in the beam path. 13. The method according to claim 10, in which the expected count rate free from pileup at any count rate is determined by extrapolation from low count rates, and the parameters are determined by inverting the product of the two separable parameterized functions, analytically and/or iteratively. 14. The method according to claim 10, in which the expected count rate free from pileup at any count rate is determined by the statistics over two or more realizations at each average photon rate, and the parameters are determined by inverting the product of the two separable parameterized functions, analytically and/or iteratively. 15. A system for pileup correction in a non-paralyzable energy-discriminating photon-counting x-ray detector operating based on a number of energy bins, wherein the system is configured to add, for each of a number of energy bins, a correction term to the detected signal of the energy bin, said term being a product of two separable parameterized functions, each of which includes at least one parameter, where a first parameterized function depends on a sum of the detected signal over the energy bins, and where a second parameterized function depends on the detected signal(s) in one or several energy bin(s). 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the system is implemented in hardware and/or firmware. 17. The system according to claim 15, wherein the system is implemented based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. 18. A system for x-ray imaging comprising a system for pileup correction according to claim 15. 19. The x-ray imaging system according to claim 18, wherein the x-ray imaging system is configured for computed tomography. 20. The x-ray imaging system according to claim 18, wherein the x-ray imaging system is configured for mammography. 21. A non-transitory computer-readable medium on which is stored a computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method of claim 1. | Disclosed is a method and corresponding system for correcting the pileup effect in energy-discriminating photon-counting detectors. According to a first aspect, there is provided a method for pileup correction in a non-paralyzable energy-discriminating photon-counting x-ray detector operating based on a number of energy bins. The method includes adding, for each of a number of energy bins, a correction term to the detected signal of the energy bin, the correction term being a product of two separable parameterized functions, each of which includes at least one parameter, where a first parameterized function depends on a weighted sum of the detected signal over the energy bins, and where a second parameterized function depends on the detected signal(s) in one or several energy bin(s). By assuming separability and ignoring any cross correlations, the number of parameters and the complexity of the pileup correction algorithm are reduced substantially.1. A method for pileup correction in a non-paralyzable energy-discriminating photon-counting x-ray detector operating based on a number of energy bins, wherein the method comprises adding, for each of a number of energy bins, a correction term to the detected signal of the energy bin, said correction term being a product of two separable parameterized functions, each of which includes at least one parameter, where a first parameterized function depends on a weighted sum of the detected signal over the energy bins, and where a second parameterized function depends on the detected signal(s) in one or several energy bin(s). 2. The method according to claim 1, in which said first parameterized function includes at least one parameter, said parameter(s) being specific to the pixel and/or depth segment and/or bin that is being corrected. 3. The method according to claim 1, in which said second parameterized function includes at least one parameter, said parameter(s) being specific to the pixel and/or depth segment and/or bin that is being corrected. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the x-ray detector is a depth-segmented edge-on detector and in which said second parameterized function further depends on the detected and/or the corrected signal(s) in one or several energy bin(s) from two or more depth segments of each detector pixel. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the x-ray detector is a depth-segmented edge-on detector and the method further comprises an additional step of applying one or several multiplication factor(s) to the detected signal and/or the corrected count rate from two or more depth segments of each detector pixel, said multiplication factor(s) being dependent on the detected count rate and/or the corrected count rate, and said multiplication factor(s) being chosen to optimize the contrast-to-noise ratio at each count rate when the signal from said depth segments are combined to a pixel signal. 6. The method according to claim 1, in which said first function is a rational function. 7. The method according to claim 1, in which said first function is an exponential function. 8. The method according to claim 1, in which said second function is a linear combination of the signal from all bins, i.e. a matrix operator with a size corresponding to the number of bins squared. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of performing calibration of at least a subset of the parameter(s) of the first parameterized function and/or the second parameterized function and/or the parameters of the weighted sum. 10. The method according to claim 9, in which at least a subset of the parameters of the first parameterized function and/or the second parameterized function and/or the parameters of the weighted sum are determined and/or calibrated by exposing the x-ray detector with a range of photon rates, resulting indifferent levels of pileup. 11. The method according to claim 10, in which the range of photon rates is generated by varying the x-ray tube current. 12. The method according to claim 10, in which the range of photon rates is generated by a range of material combinations in the beam path. 13. The method according to claim 10, in which the expected count rate free from pileup at any count rate is determined by extrapolation from low count rates, and the parameters are determined by inverting the product of the two separable parameterized functions, analytically and/or iteratively. 14. The method according to claim 10, in which the expected count rate free from pileup at any count rate is determined by the statistics over two or more realizations at each average photon rate, and the parameters are determined by inverting the product of the two separable parameterized functions, analytically and/or iteratively. 15. A system for pileup correction in a non-paralyzable energy-discriminating photon-counting x-ray detector operating based on a number of energy bins, wherein the system is configured to add, for each of a number of energy bins, a correction term to the detected signal of the energy bin, said term being a product of two separable parameterized functions, each of which includes at least one parameter, where a first parameterized function depends on a sum of the detected signal over the energy bins, and where a second parameterized function depends on the detected signal(s) in one or several energy bin(s). 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the system is implemented in hardware and/or firmware. 17. The system according to claim 15, wherein the system is implemented based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. 18. A system for x-ray imaging comprising a system for pileup correction according to claim 15. 19. The x-ray imaging system according to claim 18, wherein the x-ray imaging system is configured for computed tomography. 20. The x-ray imaging system according to claim 18, wherein the x-ray imaging system is configured for mammography. 21. A non-transitory computer-readable medium on which is stored a computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method of claim 1. | 3,600 |
348,933 | 16,806,489 | 3,631 | A semiconductor die includes a drift region, an active region in the drift region, and an edge termination region surrounding the active region in the drift region. The drift region has a first doping type. The edge termination region includes a charge compensation region, a number of guard rings, and a counter doping region. The charge compensation region is in the drift region and has a second doping type that is opposite the first doping type. The guard rings are in the charge compensation region, have the second doping type, and a doping concentration that is greater than a doping concentration of the charge compensation region. The counter doping region is in the drift region and overlaps at least a portion of the charge compensation region. The counter doping region has the first doping type. | 1. A semiconductor die comprising:
a drift region having a first doping type; an active region in the drift region; and an edge termination region surrounding the active region in the drift region, the edge termination region comprising:
a charge compensation region in the drift region, the charge compensation region having a second doping type that is opposite the first doping type and a first doping concentration;
a plurality of guard rings in the charge compensation region, the plurality of guard rings having the second doping type and a second doping concentration that is greater than the first doping concentration; and
a counter doping region in the drift region and overlapping at least a portion of the charge compensation region, wherein the counter doping region is doped such that the doping concentration of the region where the counter doping region and the charge compensation region overlap has a third doping concentration that is less than the first doping concentration. 2. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the counter doping region overlaps a portion of the charge compensation region nearest an outer edge of the semiconductor die. 3. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the counter doping region is within the charge compensation region. 4. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein:
the charge compensation region is provided to a first depth in the drift region; and
the counter doping region is provided to a second depth in the drift region that is greater than the first depth. 5. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the counter doping region is overlapping an entirety of the charge compensation region. 6. The semiconductor die of claim 5 wherein the counter doping region extends into the active region. 7. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein:
the active region comprises one or more semiconductor devices; and
the edge termination region is configured so that the one or more semiconductor devices are configured to provide a shift in leakage current less than 400 8. The semiconductor die of claim 7 wherein the one or more semiconductor devices have a leakage current less than 1 9. The semiconductor die of claim 8 wherein the semiconductor die has a rated voltage greater than 600 V. 10. The semiconductor die of claim 7 wherein the one or more semiconductor devices have a leakage current greater than 1 11. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein:
the charge compensation region has a doping concentration between 1×1016 cm−3 and 5×1018 cm−3; and
the counter doping region has a doping concentration between 1×1016 and 5×1018 cm−3. 12. A semiconductor die comprising:
an active region comprising one or more semiconductor devices; and an edge termination region surrounding the active region and configured so that the one or more semiconductor devices are configured to provide a shift in leakage current less than 400 13. The semiconductor die of claim 12 wherein the one or more semiconductor devices have a leakage current less than 1 14. The semiconductor device of claim 13 wherein the rated voltage of the semiconductor die is greater than 600 V. 15. The semiconductor die of claim 12 wherein the one or more semiconductor devices have a leakage current greater than 1 16. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor die comprising:
providing a drift region having a first doping type; providing an active region in the drift region; and providing an edge termination region surrounding the active region in the drift region, wherein providing the edge termination region comprises:
providing a charge compensation region in the drift region, the charge compensation region having a second doping type that is opposite the first doping type and a first doping concentration;
providing a plurality of guard rings in the charge compensation region, the plurality of guard rings having the second doping type and a second doping concentration that is greater than the first doping concentration; and
providing a counter doping region in the drift region and overlapping at least a portion of the charge compensation region, wherein the counter doping region is doped such that the doping concentration of the region where the counter doping region and the charge compensation region overlap has a third doping concentration that is less than the first doping concentration. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the counter doping region overlaps a portion of the charge compensation region nearest an outer edge of the semiconductor die. 18. The method of claim 16 wherein the counter doping region is within the charge compensation region. 19. The method of claim 16 wherein:
the charge compensation region is provided to a first depth in the drift region; and
the counter doping region is provided to a second depth in the drift region that is greater than the first depth. 20. The method of claim 16 wherein the counter doping region is overlapping the entirety of the charge compensation region. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the counter doping region extends into the active region. 22. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the counter doping region has the first doping type. 23. The method of claim 15 wherein the counter doping region has the first doping type. | A semiconductor die includes a drift region, an active region in the drift region, and an edge termination region surrounding the active region in the drift region. The drift region has a first doping type. The edge termination region includes a charge compensation region, a number of guard rings, and a counter doping region. The charge compensation region is in the drift region and has a second doping type that is opposite the first doping type. The guard rings are in the charge compensation region, have the second doping type, and a doping concentration that is greater than a doping concentration of the charge compensation region. The counter doping region is in the drift region and overlaps at least a portion of the charge compensation region. The counter doping region has the first doping type.1. A semiconductor die comprising:
a drift region having a first doping type; an active region in the drift region; and an edge termination region surrounding the active region in the drift region, the edge termination region comprising:
a charge compensation region in the drift region, the charge compensation region having a second doping type that is opposite the first doping type and a first doping concentration;
a plurality of guard rings in the charge compensation region, the plurality of guard rings having the second doping type and a second doping concentration that is greater than the first doping concentration; and
a counter doping region in the drift region and overlapping at least a portion of the charge compensation region, wherein the counter doping region is doped such that the doping concentration of the region where the counter doping region and the charge compensation region overlap has a third doping concentration that is less than the first doping concentration. 2. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the counter doping region overlaps a portion of the charge compensation region nearest an outer edge of the semiconductor die. 3. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the counter doping region is within the charge compensation region. 4. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein:
the charge compensation region is provided to a first depth in the drift region; and
the counter doping region is provided to a second depth in the drift region that is greater than the first depth. 5. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the counter doping region is overlapping an entirety of the charge compensation region. 6. The semiconductor die of claim 5 wherein the counter doping region extends into the active region. 7. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein:
the active region comprises one or more semiconductor devices; and
the edge termination region is configured so that the one or more semiconductor devices are configured to provide a shift in leakage current less than 400 8. The semiconductor die of claim 7 wherein the one or more semiconductor devices have a leakage current less than 1 9. The semiconductor die of claim 8 wherein the semiconductor die has a rated voltage greater than 600 V. 10. The semiconductor die of claim 7 wherein the one or more semiconductor devices have a leakage current greater than 1 11. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein:
the charge compensation region has a doping concentration between 1×1016 cm−3 and 5×1018 cm−3; and
the counter doping region has a doping concentration between 1×1016 and 5×1018 cm−3. 12. A semiconductor die comprising:
an active region comprising one or more semiconductor devices; and an edge termination region surrounding the active region and configured so that the one or more semiconductor devices are configured to provide a shift in leakage current less than 400 13. The semiconductor die of claim 12 wherein the one or more semiconductor devices have a leakage current less than 1 14. The semiconductor device of claim 13 wherein the rated voltage of the semiconductor die is greater than 600 V. 15. The semiconductor die of claim 12 wherein the one or more semiconductor devices have a leakage current greater than 1 16. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor die comprising:
providing a drift region having a first doping type; providing an active region in the drift region; and providing an edge termination region surrounding the active region in the drift region, wherein providing the edge termination region comprises:
providing a charge compensation region in the drift region, the charge compensation region having a second doping type that is opposite the first doping type and a first doping concentration;
providing a plurality of guard rings in the charge compensation region, the plurality of guard rings having the second doping type and a second doping concentration that is greater than the first doping concentration; and
providing a counter doping region in the drift region and overlapping at least a portion of the charge compensation region, wherein the counter doping region is doped such that the doping concentration of the region where the counter doping region and the charge compensation region overlap has a third doping concentration that is less than the first doping concentration. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the counter doping region overlaps a portion of the charge compensation region nearest an outer edge of the semiconductor die. 18. The method of claim 16 wherein the counter doping region is within the charge compensation region. 19. The method of claim 16 wherein:
the charge compensation region is provided to a first depth in the drift region; and
the counter doping region is provided to a second depth in the drift region that is greater than the first depth. 20. The method of claim 16 wherein the counter doping region is overlapping the entirety of the charge compensation region. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the counter doping region extends into the active region. 22. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the counter doping region has the first doping type. 23. The method of claim 15 wherein the counter doping region has the first doping type. | 3,600 |
348,934 | 16,806,470 | 3,631 | A semiconductor device and method of manufacture are provided wherein the semiconductor device includes a first system on chip device bonded to a first memory device, a second system on chip device bonded to the first memory device, a first encapsulant surrounding the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device, a second encapsulant surrounding the first system on chip device, the second system on chip device, and the first memory device, and a through via extending from a first side of the second encapsulant to a second side of the first encapsulant, the through via being located outside of the first encapsulant. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first system on chip device bonded to a first memory device; a second system on chip device bonded to the first memory device; a first encapsulant surrounding the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device; a second encapsulant surrounding the first system on chip device, the second system on chip device, and the first memory device; and a through via extending from a first side of the second encapsulant to a second side of the first encapsulant, the through via being located outside of the first encapsulant. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a first redistribution layer in physical contact with both the first system on chip device and the through via. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, further comprising a second redistribution layer in physical contact with the through via, the second redistribution layer being on an opposite side of the first memory device than the first redistribution layer. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first system on chip device is bonded to the first memory device using a hybrid bond. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the first system on chip device is bonded to the first memory device in a face-to-face configuration. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the first system on chip device is bonded to the first memory device in a back-to-face configuration. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first encapsulant is a molding compound. 8. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first package electrically connected to a through via; a first redistribution layer electrically connected to the through via; a first system on chip device electrically connected to the first redistribution layer; a second system on chip device electrically connected to the first redistribution layer; a memory device bonded to the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device; a first encapsulant surrounding the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device; and a second encapsulant surrounding the through via, the first system on chip device, the second system on chip device, the memory device, and the first encapsulant. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the memory device is a wide I/O memory device. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the first system on chip device is a logic device. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 8, further comprising a second through interposer via extending through the first encapsulant and in physical contact with the memory device. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the memory device is bonded to the first system on chip device in a face-to-face configuration. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the memory device is bonded to the first system on chip device in a back-to-face configuration. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the memory device is bonded to the first system on chip device with a hybrid bond. 15. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
providing a memory device; bonding a first system on chip device to the memory device; bonding a second system on chip device to the memory device; encapsulating the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device with a first encapsulant; after the encapsulating, bonding the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device to a redistribution layer, the redistribution layer being electrically connected to a through via; and encapsulating the through via, the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device with a second encapsulant. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the providing the memory device comprises receiving the memory device from a manufacturer. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the providing the memory device comprises forming a re-constructed wafer. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the bonding the first system on chip device comprises hybrid bonding the first system on chip device to the memory device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the hybrid bonding comprises:
activating a surface of the first system on chip device; and physically contacting the surface of the first system on chip device with the memory device. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the first encapsulant is a dielectric material. | A semiconductor device and method of manufacture are provided wherein the semiconductor device includes a first system on chip device bonded to a first memory device, a second system on chip device bonded to the first memory device, a first encapsulant surrounding the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device, a second encapsulant surrounding the first system on chip device, the second system on chip device, and the first memory device, and a through via extending from a first side of the second encapsulant to a second side of the first encapsulant, the through via being located outside of the first encapsulant.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first system on chip device bonded to a first memory device; a second system on chip device bonded to the first memory device; a first encapsulant surrounding the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device; a second encapsulant surrounding the first system on chip device, the second system on chip device, and the first memory device; and a through via extending from a first side of the second encapsulant to a second side of the first encapsulant, the through via being located outside of the first encapsulant. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a first redistribution layer in physical contact with both the first system on chip device and the through via. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, further comprising a second redistribution layer in physical contact with the through via, the second redistribution layer being on an opposite side of the first memory device than the first redistribution layer. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first system on chip device is bonded to the first memory device using a hybrid bond. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the first system on chip device is bonded to the first memory device in a face-to-face configuration. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the first system on chip device is bonded to the first memory device in a back-to-face configuration. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first encapsulant is a molding compound. 8. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first package electrically connected to a through via; a first redistribution layer electrically connected to the through via; a first system on chip device electrically connected to the first redistribution layer; a second system on chip device electrically connected to the first redistribution layer; a memory device bonded to the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device; a first encapsulant surrounding the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device; and a second encapsulant surrounding the through via, the first system on chip device, the second system on chip device, the memory device, and the first encapsulant. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the memory device is a wide I/O memory device. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the first system on chip device is a logic device. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 8, further comprising a second through interposer via extending through the first encapsulant and in physical contact with the memory device. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the memory device is bonded to the first system on chip device in a face-to-face configuration. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the memory device is bonded to the first system on chip device in a back-to-face configuration. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the memory device is bonded to the first system on chip device with a hybrid bond. 15. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
providing a memory device; bonding a first system on chip device to the memory device; bonding a second system on chip device to the memory device; encapsulating the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device with a first encapsulant; after the encapsulating, bonding the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device to a redistribution layer, the redistribution layer being electrically connected to a through via; and encapsulating the through via, the first system on chip device and the second system on chip device with a second encapsulant. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the providing the memory device comprises receiving the memory device from a manufacturer. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the providing the memory device comprises forming a re-constructed wafer. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the bonding the first system on chip device comprises hybrid bonding the first system on chip device to the memory device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the hybrid bonding comprises:
activating a surface of the first system on chip device; and physically contacting the surface of the first system on chip device with the memory device. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the first encapsulant is a dielectric material. | 3,600 |
348,935 | 16,806,455 | 3,631 | A method for nonintrusive network load generation may include determining available resources in a distributed computing system, where the distributed computing system includes a plurality of computing devices and a target deployment. Based on an amount of available resources between the target deployment and a plurality of source computing devices, the plurality of source computing devices may be selected to generate a network load directed from the plurality of source computing devices to the target deployment. The plurality of source computing devices may be a subset of the plurality of computing devices in the distributed computing system. A network-traffic generator service may be provided to the plurality of source computing devices in order to generate the network load directed from the plurality of source computing devices to the target deployment. The performance of the distributed computing system in response to the generated network load may be monitored. | 1. A computerized system comprising:
one or more computer processors; and computer memory storing computer-useable instructions that, when used by the one or more computer processors, cause the one or more computer processors to perform operations comprising: generating, using a network-traffic generator service in a source computing device, a first network load directed from the source computing device to a target deployment, wherein the source computing device is comprised in a set of source computing devices, wherein the set of source computing devices is identified based on a network bandwidth capacity from the set of source computing devices to the target deployment, wherein the set of computing devices is associated with an amount of unused resources that satisfy a predetermined capacity threshold for the target deployment, wherein the predetermined capacity threshold for the amount of unused resources is defined based on network bandwidth capacity and compute capacity for determining that the amount of unused resources satisfies the predetermined capacity threshold; and communicating the first network load from the source computing device to the target deployment. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the identified set of source computing devices is further identified based on resources in a distributed computing system, the distributed computing system comprising the set of source computing devices and the target deployment, the resources comprising used resources operating on live traffic and unused resources that are available for generating testing traffic. 3. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising dynamically terminating generation of the network loads via the network-traffic generator service based on the predetermined capacity threshold defined based on network bandwidth and compute capacity. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first network load satisfies a predetermined threshold to test a level of service specified in a service-level agreement (SLA), wherein the target deployment is a target storage cluster and the predetermined threshold is based on the level of service included in the SLA associated with an end user of the target storage cluster. 5. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising communicating performance metrics, wherein the performance metrics include an indication of whether the performance metrics are satisfied. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the performance metrics are communicated to cause monitoring of the performance metrics associated with the first network load, wherein the performance metrics are associated with scaling up or scaling down network loads generated via the network-traffic generator. 7. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising dynamically scaling the first network load from the source computing device. 8. One or more computer-storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon that, when executed by a computing system having a processor and memory, cause the processor to:
generate, using a network-traffic generator service in a source computing device, a first network load directed from the source computing device to a target deployment, wherein the source computing device is comprised in a set of source computing devices, wherein the set of source computing devices is identified based on a network bandwidth capacity from the set of source computing devices to the target deployment, wherein the set of computing devices is associated with an amount of unused resources that satisfy a predetermined capacity threshold for the target deployment, wherein the predetermined capacity threshold for the amount of unused resources is defined based on network bandwidth capacity and compute capacity for determining that the amount of unused resources satisfies the predetermined capacity threshold; and communicate the first network load from the source computing device to the target deployment. 9. The media of claim 8, wherein the identified set of source computing devices is further identified based on resources in a distributed computing system, the distributed computing system comprising the set of source computing devices and the target deployment, the resources comprising used resources operating on live traffic and unused resources that are available for generating testing traffic. 10. The media of claim 8, the instructions further comprising dynamically terminating generation of the network loads via the network-traffic generator service based on the predetermined capacity threshold defined based on network bandwidth and compute capacity. 11. The media of claim 8, wherein the first network load satisfies a predetermined threshold to test a level of service specified in a service-level agreement (SLA), wherein the target deployment is a target storage cluster and the predetermined threshold is based on the level of service included in the SLA associated with an end user of the target storage cluster. 12. The media of claim 8, the instructions further comprising communicating performance metrics, wherein the performance metrics include an indication of whether the performance metrics are satisfied. 13. The media of claim 12, wherein the performance metrics are communicated to cause monitoring of the performance metrics associated with the first network load, wherein the performance metrics are associated with scaling up or scaling down network loads generated via the network-traffic generator. 14. The media of claim 8, the operations further comprising dynamically scaling the first network load from the source computing device. 15. A computer-implemented, the method comprising:
generating, using a network-traffic generator service in a source computing device, a first network load directed from the source computing device to a target deployment, wherein the source computing device is comprised in a set of source computing devices, wherein the set of source computing devices is identified based on a network bandwidth capacity from the set of source computing devices to the target deployment, wherein the set of computing devices is associated with an amount of unused resources that satisfy a predetermined capacity threshold for the target deployment, wherein the predetermined capacity threshold for the amount of unused resources is defined based on network bandwidth capacity and compute capacity for determining that the amount of unused resources satisfies the predetermined capacity threshold; and communicating the first network load from the source computing device to the target deployment. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the identified set of source computing devices is further identified based on resources in a distributed computing system, the distributed computing system comprising the set of source computing devices and the target deployment, the resources comprising used resources operating on live traffic and unused resources that are available for generating testing traffic. 17. The method of claim 15, the operations further comprising dynamically terminating generation of the network loads via the network-traffic generator service based on the predetermined capacity threshold defined based on network bandwidth and compute capacity. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the first network load satisfies a predetermined threshold to test a level of service specified in a service-level agreement (SLA), wherein the target deployment is a target storage cluster and the predetermined threshold is based on the level of service included in the SLA associated with an end user of the target storage cluster. 19. The method of claim 15, the operations further comprising communicating performance metrics, wherein the performance metrics include an indication of whether the performance metrics are satisfied. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the performance metrics are communicated to cause monitoring of the performance metrics associated with the first network load, wherein the performance metrics are associated with scaling up or scaling down network loads generated via the network-traffic generator. | A method for nonintrusive network load generation may include determining available resources in a distributed computing system, where the distributed computing system includes a plurality of computing devices and a target deployment. Based on an amount of available resources between the target deployment and a plurality of source computing devices, the plurality of source computing devices may be selected to generate a network load directed from the plurality of source computing devices to the target deployment. The plurality of source computing devices may be a subset of the plurality of computing devices in the distributed computing system. A network-traffic generator service may be provided to the plurality of source computing devices in order to generate the network load directed from the plurality of source computing devices to the target deployment. The performance of the distributed computing system in response to the generated network load may be monitored.1. A computerized system comprising:
one or more computer processors; and computer memory storing computer-useable instructions that, when used by the one or more computer processors, cause the one or more computer processors to perform operations comprising: generating, using a network-traffic generator service in a source computing device, a first network load directed from the source computing device to a target deployment, wherein the source computing device is comprised in a set of source computing devices, wherein the set of source computing devices is identified based on a network bandwidth capacity from the set of source computing devices to the target deployment, wherein the set of computing devices is associated with an amount of unused resources that satisfy a predetermined capacity threshold for the target deployment, wherein the predetermined capacity threshold for the amount of unused resources is defined based on network bandwidth capacity and compute capacity for determining that the amount of unused resources satisfies the predetermined capacity threshold; and communicating the first network load from the source computing device to the target deployment. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the identified set of source computing devices is further identified based on resources in a distributed computing system, the distributed computing system comprising the set of source computing devices and the target deployment, the resources comprising used resources operating on live traffic and unused resources that are available for generating testing traffic. 3. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising dynamically terminating generation of the network loads via the network-traffic generator service based on the predetermined capacity threshold defined based on network bandwidth and compute capacity. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first network load satisfies a predetermined threshold to test a level of service specified in a service-level agreement (SLA), wherein the target deployment is a target storage cluster and the predetermined threshold is based on the level of service included in the SLA associated with an end user of the target storage cluster. 5. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising communicating performance metrics, wherein the performance metrics include an indication of whether the performance metrics are satisfied. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the performance metrics are communicated to cause monitoring of the performance metrics associated with the first network load, wherein the performance metrics are associated with scaling up or scaling down network loads generated via the network-traffic generator. 7. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising dynamically scaling the first network load from the source computing device. 8. One or more computer-storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon that, when executed by a computing system having a processor and memory, cause the processor to:
generate, using a network-traffic generator service in a source computing device, a first network load directed from the source computing device to a target deployment, wherein the source computing device is comprised in a set of source computing devices, wherein the set of source computing devices is identified based on a network bandwidth capacity from the set of source computing devices to the target deployment, wherein the set of computing devices is associated with an amount of unused resources that satisfy a predetermined capacity threshold for the target deployment, wherein the predetermined capacity threshold for the amount of unused resources is defined based on network bandwidth capacity and compute capacity for determining that the amount of unused resources satisfies the predetermined capacity threshold; and communicate the first network load from the source computing device to the target deployment. 9. The media of claim 8, wherein the identified set of source computing devices is further identified based on resources in a distributed computing system, the distributed computing system comprising the set of source computing devices and the target deployment, the resources comprising used resources operating on live traffic and unused resources that are available for generating testing traffic. 10. The media of claim 8, the instructions further comprising dynamically terminating generation of the network loads via the network-traffic generator service based on the predetermined capacity threshold defined based on network bandwidth and compute capacity. 11. The media of claim 8, wherein the first network load satisfies a predetermined threshold to test a level of service specified in a service-level agreement (SLA), wherein the target deployment is a target storage cluster and the predetermined threshold is based on the level of service included in the SLA associated with an end user of the target storage cluster. 12. The media of claim 8, the instructions further comprising communicating performance metrics, wherein the performance metrics include an indication of whether the performance metrics are satisfied. 13. The media of claim 12, wherein the performance metrics are communicated to cause monitoring of the performance metrics associated with the first network load, wherein the performance metrics are associated with scaling up or scaling down network loads generated via the network-traffic generator. 14. The media of claim 8, the operations further comprising dynamically scaling the first network load from the source computing device. 15. A computer-implemented, the method comprising:
generating, using a network-traffic generator service in a source computing device, a first network load directed from the source computing device to a target deployment, wherein the source computing device is comprised in a set of source computing devices, wherein the set of source computing devices is identified based on a network bandwidth capacity from the set of source computing devices to the target deployment, wherein the set of computing devices is associated with an amount of unused resources that satisfy a predetermined capacity threshold for the target deployment, wherein the predetermined capacity threshold for the amount of unused resources is defined based on network bandwidth capacity and compute capacity for determining that the amount of unused resources satisfies the predetermined capacity threshold; and communicating the first network load from the source computing device to the target deployment. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the identified set of source computing devices is further identified based on resources in a distributed computing system, the distributed computing system comprising the set of source computing devices and the target deployment, the resources comprising used resources operating on live traffic and unused resources that are available for generating testing traffic. 17. The method of claim 15, the operations further comprising dynamically terminating generation of the network loads via the network-traffic generator service based on the predetermined capacity threshold defined based on network bandwidth and compute capacity. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the first network load satisfies a predetermined threshold to test a level of service specified in a service-level agreement (SLA), wherein the target deployment is a target storage cluster and the predetermined threshold is based on the level of service included in the SLA associated with an end user of the target storage cluster. 19. The method of claim 15, the operations further comprising communicating performance metrics, wherein the performance metrics include an indication of whether the performance metrics are satisfied. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the performance metrics are communicated to cause monitoring of the performance metrics associated with the first network load, wherein the performance metrics are associated with scaling up or scaling down network loads generated via the network-traffic generator. | 3,600 |
348,936 | 16,806,490 | 3,631 | A cooler of the present invention is provided with a case having a top plate, a bottom plate, and a side plate, cooling fins disposed inside the case, and a flow path for cooling fluid that comes into contact with the cooling fins and that flows through the interior of the case, the cooler cooling an object to be cooled in contact with the top plate or the bottom plate. The cooling fins have a shaft part and vane parts that protrude outward from the shaft part and extend spirally in the axial direction; the overall cooling fin configuration constituting a quadrangular column shape. The cooling fins are disposed in contact with at least the top plate and the bottom plate, and the flow path has a spiral-formed configuration formed by the vane parts, the top plate, and the bottom plate. | 1. A cooler provided with a case having a top plate, a bottom plate, and a side plate, cooling fins disposed inside said case, and a flow path for cooling fluid that comes into contact with said cooling fins and that flows through the interior of the case, the cooler being for cooling an object to be cooled in contact with the top plate or the bottom plate, the cooler comprising:
the cooling fins have a shaft part and vane parts that protrude outward from the shaft part and extend in the axial direction so as to form a spiral configuration, the overall cooling fin configuration constituting a quadrangular column shape and being disposed in contact with at least the top plate and the bottom plate; and the flow path has a spiral-formed configuration formed by the vane parts, the top plate, and the bottom plate. 2. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein four to ten of the vane parts are arranged at equidistant intervals around the shaft part. 3. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the axial pitch of the vane parts has a length amounting to 1.5 to 6.25 times the height of the quadrangular column. 4. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the shaft part is 10 to 60% of the cross-sectional area of the quadrangular column shape in the cross section axially perpendicular to said quadrangular column shape. 5. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the vane parts is 10 to 60% of the length obtained by dividing the axial pitch of the vane parts by the number of vanes. 6. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the cooling fins are disposed in parallel inside the case. 7. The cooler according to claim 6, wherein a straight fin is disposed between the parallel cooling fins, and in contact with the cooling fins. 8. The cooler according to claim 6, wherein, in mutually adjacent cooling fins, the vane parts are in mutual contact, and the spiral directions of the vane parts are in opposite directions. 9. A semiconductor module comprising: a semiconductor element; a laminated substrate on which the semiconductor element is mounted and which has a structure in which an upper surface and lower surface of an insulation substrate are sandwiched by electroconductive plates; and a cooler through which cooling fluid for cooling the semiconductor element flows, the cooler being joined to a side of the laminated substrate on which the semiconductor element is not mounted, and the cooler being the cooler of claim 1. | A cooler of the present invention is provided with a case having a top plate, a bottom plate, and a side plate, cooling fins disposed inside the case, and a flow path for cooling fluid that comes into contact with the cooling fins and that flows through the interior of the case, the cooler cooling an object to be cooled in contact with the top plate or the bottom plate. The cooling fins have a shaft part and vane parts that protrude outward from the shaft part and extend spirally in the axial direction; the overall cooling fin configuration constituting a quadrangular column shape. The cooling fins are disposed in contact with at least the top plate and the bottom plate, and the flow path has a spiral-formed configuration formed by the vane parts, the top plate, and the bottom plate.1. A cooler provided with a case having a top plate, a bottom plate, and a side plate, cooling fins disposed inside said case, and a flow path for cooling fluid that comes into contact with said cooling fins and that flows through the interior of the case, the cooler being for cooling an object to be cooled in contact with the top plate or the bottom plate, the cooler comprising:
the cooling fins have a shaft part and vane parts that protrude outward from the shaft part and extend in the axial direction so as to form a spiral configuration, the overall cooling fin configuration constituting a quadrangular column shape and being disposed in contact with at least the top plate and the bottom plate; and the flow path has a spiral-formed configuration formed by the vane parts, the top plate, and the bottom plate. 2. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein four to ten of the vane parts are arranged at equidistant intervals around the shaft part. 3. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the axial pitch of the vane parts has a length amounting to 1.5 to 6.25 times the height of the quadrangular column. 4. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the shaft part is 10 to 60% of the cross-sectional area of the quadrangular column shape in the cross section axially perpendicular to said quadrangular column shape. 5. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the vane parts is 10 to 60% of the length obtained by dividing the axial pitch of the vane parts by the number of vanes. 6. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the cooling fins are disposed in parallel inside the case. 7. The cooler according to claim 6, wherein a straight fin is disposed between the parallel cooling fins, and in contact with the cooling fins. 8. The cooler according to claim 6, wherein, in mutually adjacent cooling fins, the vane parts are in mutual contact, and the spiral directions of the vane parts are in opposite directions. 9. A semiconductor module comprising: a semiconductor element; a laminated substrate on which the semiconductor element is mounted and which has a structure in which an upper surface and lower surface of an insulation substrate are sandwiched by electroconductive plates; and a cooler through which cooling fluid for cooling the semiconductor element flows, the cooler being joined to a side of the laminated substrate on which the semiconductor element is not mounted, and the cooler being the cooler of claim 1. | 3,600 |
348,937 | 16,806,488 | 3,631 | A cooler of the present invention is provided with a case having a top plate, a bottom plate, and a side plate, cooling fins disposed inside the case, and a flow path for cooling fluid that comes into contact with the cooling fins and that flows through the interior of the case, the cooler cooling an object to be cooled in contact with the top plate or the bottom plate. The cooling fins have a shaft part and vane parts that protrude outward from the shaft part and extend spirally in the axial direction; the overall cooling fin configuration constituting a quadrangular column shape. The cooling fins are disposed in contact with at least the top plate and the bottom plate, and the flow path has a spiral-formed configuration formed by the vane parts, the top plate, and the bottom plate. | 1. A cooler provided with a case having a top plate, a bottom plate, and a side plate, cooling fins disposed inside said case, and a flow path for cooling fluid that comes into contact with said cooling fins and that flows through the interior of the case, the cooler being for cooling an object to be cooled in contact with the top plate or the bottom plate, the cooler comprising:
the cooling fins have a shaft part and vane parts that protrude outward from the shaft part and extend in the axial direction so as to form a spiral configuration, the overall cooling fin configuration constituting a quadrangular column shape and being disposed in contact with at least the top plate and the bottom plate; and the flow path has a spiral-formed configuration formed by the vane parts, the top plate, and the bottom plate. 2. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein four to ten of the vane parts are arranged at equidistant intervals around the shaft part. 3. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the axial pitch of the vane parts has a length amounting to 1.5 to 6.25 times the height of the quadrangular column. 4. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the shaft part is 10 to 60% of the cross-sectional area of the quadrangular column shape in the cross section axially perpendicular to said quadrangular column shape. 5. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the vane parts is 10 to 60% of the length obtained by dividing the axial pitch of the vane parts by the number of vanes. 6. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the cooling fins are disposed in parallel inside the case. 7. The cooler according to claim 6, wherein a straight fin is disposed between the parallel cooling fins, and in contact with the cooling fins. 8. The cooler according to claim 6, wherein, in mutually adjacent cooling fins, the vane parts are in mutual contact, and the spiral directions of the vane parts are in opposite directions. 9. A semiconductor module comprising: a semiconductor element; a laminated substrate on which the semiconductor element is mounted and which has a structure in which an upper surface and lower surface of an insulation substrate are sandwiched by electroconductive plates; and a cooler through which cooling fluid for cooling the semiconductor element flows, the cooler being joined to a side of the laminated substrate on which the semiconductor element is not mounted, and the cooler being the cooler of claim 1. | A cooler of the present invention is provided with a case having a top plate, a bottom plate, and a side plate, cooling fins disposed inside the case, and a flow path for cooling fluid that comes into contact with the cooling fins and that flows through the interior of the case, the cooler cooling an object to be cooled in contact with the top plate or the bottom plate. The cooling fins have a shaft part and vane parts that protrude outward from the shaft part and extend spirally in the axial direction; the overall cooling fin configuration constituting a quadrangular column shape. The cooling fins are disposed in contact with at least the top plate and the bottom plate, and the flow path has a spiral-formed configuration formed by the vane parts, the top plate, and the bottom plate.1. A cooler provided with a case having a top plate, a bottom plate, and a side plate, cooling fins disposed inside said case, and a flow path for cooling fluid that comes into contact with said cooling fins and that flows through the interior of the case, the cooler being for cooling an object to be cooled in contact with the top plate or the bottom plate, the cooler comprising:
the cooling fins have a shaft part and vane parts that protrude outward from the shaft part and extend in the axial direction so as to form a spiral configuration, the overall cooling fin configuration constituting a quadrangular column shape and being disposed in contact with at least the top plate and the bottom plate; and the flow path has a spiral-formed configuration formed by the vane parts, the top plate, and the bottom plate. 2. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein four to ten of the vane parts are arranged at equidistant intervals around the shaft part. 3. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the axial pitch of the vane parts has a length amounting to 1.5 to 6.25 times the height of the quadrangular column. 4. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the shaft part is 10 to 60% of the cross-sectional area of the quadrangular column shape in the cross section axially perpendicular to said quadrangular column shape. 5. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the vane parts is 10 to 60% of the length obtained by dividing the axial pitch of the vane parts by the number of vanes. 6. The cooler according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the cooling fins are disposed in parallel inside the case. 7. The cooler according to claim 6, wherein a straight fin is disposed between the parallel cooling fins, and in contact with the cooling fins. 8. The cooler according to claim 6, wherein, in mutually adjacent cooling fins, the vane parts are in mutual contact, and the spiral directions of the vane parts are in opposite directions. 9. A semiconductor module comprising: a semiconductor element; a laminated substrate on which the semiconductor element is mounted and which has a structure in which an upper surface and lower surface of an insulation substrate are sandwiched by electroconductive plates; and a cooler through which cooling fluid for cooling the semiconductor element flows, the cooler being joined to a side of the laminated substrate on which the semiconductor element is not mounted, and the cooler being the cooler of claim 1. | 3,600 |
348,938 | 16,806,465 | 3,631 | Systems and methods for providing independent situational awareness messages are provided. The method includes receiving, by a rendering engine, a request for information from an input interface. The rendering engine queries at least one data store in response to the request. The rendering engine obtains public content data and private content data from the data store. The rendering engine transmits the public content data over a public output interface. The rendering engine transmits the private content data over a private output interface. | 1. A method for providing independent situational awareness messages, the method comprising:
receiving, by a rendering engine, a request for information from an input interface; querying, by the rendering engine, at least one data store in response to the request; obtaining, by the rendering engine, public content data and private content data from the data store; transmitting, by the rendering engine, the public content data over a public output interface; and transmitting, by the rendering engine, the private content data over a private output interface. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
providing a prompt indicating that private content data is responsive to the request for information; and
receiving a request to transmit the private content data over the private output interface. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
formatting the public content data using a template for the public output interface; and
formatting the private content data using a template for the private output interface. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
selecting the template for the private output interface from a plurality of private interface templates based on the private content data. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
selecting the private output interface from a plurality of private output interfaces based on a preference setting. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the plurality of private output interfaces include at least one of a web interface, an instant message interface, and an automated voice interface. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising transmitting, by the rendering engine, the public content data over the private output interface. 8. A rendering server comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable memory storing instructions that when executed by the processor cause the rendering server to perform the steps comprising:
receiving, by a rendering engine, a request for information from an input interface;
querying, by the rendering engine, at least one data store in response to the request;
obtaining, by the rendering engine, public content data and private content data from the data store;
transmitting, by the rendering engine, the public content data over a public output interface; and
transmitting, by the rendering engine, the private content data over a private output interface. 9. The server of claim 8, the steps further comprising:
providing a prompt indicating that private content data is responsive to the request for information; and receiving a request to transmit the private content data over the private output interface. 10. The server of claim 8, the steps further comprising:
formatting the public content data using a template for the public output interface; and formatting the private content data using a template for the private output interface. 11. The server of claim 10, the steps further comprising:
selecting the template for the private output interface from a plurality of private interface templates based on the private content data. 12. The server of claim 8, the steps further comprising:
selecting the private output interface from a plurality of private output interfaces based on a preference setting. 13. The server of claim 12 wherein the plurality of private output interfaces include at least one of a web interface, an instant message interface, and an automated voice interface. 14. The server of claim 8, the steps further comprising transmitting, by the rendering engine, the public content data over the private output interface. 15. A non-transitory computer readable memory storing instructions that when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform steps comprising:
receiving, by a rendering engine, a request for information from an input interface; querying, by the rendering engine, at least one data store in response to the request; obtaining, by the rendering engine, public content data and private content data from the data store; transmitting, by the rendering engine, the public content data over a public output interface; and transmitting, by the rendering engine, the private content data over a private output interface. 16. The non-transitory computer readable memory of claim 15, the steps further comprising:
providing a prompt indicating that private content data is responsive to the request for information; and receiving a request to transmit the private content data over the private output interface. 17. The non-transitory computer readable memory of claim 15, the steps further comprising:
formatting the public content data using a template for the public output interface; and formatting the private content data using a template for the private output interface. 18. The non-transitory computer readable memory of claim 17, the steps further comprising:
selecting the template for the private output interface from a plurality of private interface templates based on the private content data. 19. The non-transitory computer readable memory of claim 15, the steps further comprising:
selecting the private output interface from a plurality of private output interfaces based on a preference setting. 20. The non-transitory computer readable memory of claim 19 wherein the plurality of private output interfaces include at least one of a web interface, an instant message interface, and an automated voice interface. | Systems and methods for providing independent situational awareness messages are provided. The method includes receiving, by a rendering engine, a request for information from an input interface. The rendering engine queries at least one data store in response to the request. The rendering engine obtains public content data and private content data from the data store. The rendering engine transmits the public content data over a public output interface. The rendering engine transmits the private content data over a private output interface.1. A method for providing independent situational awareness messages, the method comprising:
receiving, by a rendering engine, a request for information from an input interface; querying, by the rendering engine, at least one data store in response to the request; obtaining, by the rendering engine, public content data and private content data from the data store; transmitting, by the rendering engine, the public content data over a public output interface; and transmitting, by the rendering engine, the private content data over a private output interface. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
providing a prompt indicating that private content data is responsive to the request for information; and
receiving a request to transmit the private content data over the private output interface. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
formatting the public content data using a template for the public output interface; and
formatting the private content data using a template for the private output interface. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
selecting the template for the private output interface from a plurality of private interface templates based on the private content data. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
selecting the private output interface from a plurality of private output interfaces based on a preference setting. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the plurality of private output interfaces include at least one of a web interface, an instant message interface, and an automated voice interface. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising transmitting, by the rendering engine, the public content data over the private output interface. 8. A rendering server comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable memory storing instructions that when executed by the processor cause the rendering server to perform the steps comprising:
receiving, by a rendering engine, a request for information from an input interface;
querying, by the rendering engine, at least one data store in response to the request;
obtaining, by the rendering engine, public content data and private content data from the data store;
transmitting, by the rendering engine, the public content data over a public output interface; and
transmitting, by the rendering engine, the private content data over a private output interface. 9. The server of claim 8, the steps further comprising:
providing a prompt indicating that private content data is responsive to the request for information; and receiving a request to transmit the private content data over the private output interface. 10. The server of claim 8, the steps further comprising:
formatting the public content data using a template for the public output interface; and formatting the private content data using a template for the private output interface. 11. The server of claim 10, the steps further comprising:
selecting the template for the private output interface from a plurality of private interface templates based on the private content data. 12. The server of claim 8, the steps further comprising:
selecting the private output interface from a plurality of private output interfaces based on a preference setting. 13. The server of claim 12 wherein the plurality of private output interfaces include at least one of a web interface, an instant message interface, and an automated voice interface. 14. The server of claim 8, the steps further comprising transmitting, by the rendering engine, the public content data over the private output interface. 15. A non-transitory computer readable memory storing instructions that when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform steps comprising:
receiving, by a rendering engine, a request for information from an input interface; querying, by the rendering engine, at least one data store in response to the request; obtaining, by the rendering engine, public content data and private content data from the data store; transmitting, by the rendering engine, the public content data over a public output interface; and transmitting, by the rendering engine, the private content data over a private output interface. 16. The non-transitory computer readable memory of claim 15, the steps further comprising:
providing a prompt indicating that private content data is responsive to the request for information; and receiving a request to transmit the private content data over the private output interface. 17. The non-transitory computer readable memory of claim 15, the steps further comprising:
formatting the public content data using a template for the public output interface; and formatting the private content data using a template for the private output interface. 18. The non-transitory computer readable memory of claim 17, the steps further comprising:
selecting the template for the private output interface from a plurality of private interface templates based on the private content data. 19. The non-transitory computer readable memory of claim 15, the steps further comprising:
selecting the private output interface from a plurality of private output interfaces based on a preference setting. 20. The non-transitory computer readable memory of claim 19 wherein the plurality of private output interfaces include at least one of a web interface, an instant message interface, and an automated voice interface. | 3,600 |
348,939 | 16,806,480 | 3,631 | A display device includes a lower cover; a circuit substrate disposed on the lower cover; a plurality of light sources disposed on the circuit substrate; a reflection layer disposed on the circuit substrate; a light regulator disposed at an edge of the reflection layer at an angle with respect to the reflection layer; and an optical sheet disposed on the plurality of light sources. Further, the light regulator includes a reflector portion reflecting light from the plurality of light sources; and an absorber portion having holes arranged in a pattern. In addition, light emitted from a respective light source close to the edge passes through the holes. | 1. A display device comprising:
a lower cover; a circuit substrate disposed on the lower cover; a plurality of light sources disposed on the circuit substrate; a reflection layer disposed on the circuit substrate; a light regulator disposed at an edge of the reflection layer at an angle with respect to the reflection layer; and an optical sheet disposed on the plurality of light sources, wherein the light regulator includes: a reflector portion reflecting light from the plurality of light sources; and an absorber portion having holes arranged in a pattern, and wherein light emitted from a respective light source close to the edge passes through the holes. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the holes are arranged along the edge. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein the holes are arranged in parallel with the edge. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein the absorber portion includes a plurality of absorber portions. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein the reflector portion is arranged between the plurality of absorber portions. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the reflector portion is arranged between neighboring absorber portions. 7. The display device of claim 1, wherein the absorber portion is arranged to correspond with the respective light source close to the edge. 8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the holes are arranged in a same interval. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of light sources includes outermost light sources and inner light sources, and
wherein the outermost light sources are closer to the edge of the reflection layer than the inner light sources. 10. The display device of claim 9, wherein the absorber portion absorbs more light emitted from the outermost light sources than the reflection portion. 11. The display device of claim 9, wherein the reflection portion reflects more light emitted from the inner light sources than the absorber portion. 12. The display device of claim 9, wherein the absorber portion dominantly absorbs light emitted from the outermost light sources. 13. The display device of claim 9, wherein the reflector portion dominantly reflects light emitted from the inner light sources. 14. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a spacer disposed between the reflection layer and the optical sheet, wherein the spacer includes at least one material selected from polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), glass, a resin, phenyl propanol amine (PPA) or aluminum (Al), and thus exhibits light transmission, refraction or reflection. 15. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least two circuit substrates disposed on the lower cover and spaced apart by a predetermined distance. 16. The display device of claim 1, wherein the holes have a circular shape. 17. The display device of claim 1, wherein a central axis of at least one hole matches a central axis of at least one light source arranged closest to the edge of the reflection layer. 18. The display device of claim 17, wherein an accumulated area of holes closest to the at least one slight source arranged closest to the edge of the reflection layer is greater than an accumulated area of holes other than the holes closest to the at least one light source. 19. A display device comprising:
a lower cover; a circuit substrate disposed on the lower cover; a plurality of light sources disposed on the circuit substrate; a reflection layer disposed on the circuit substrate and having edges disposed at an angle; a plurality of holes arranged in the edges of the reflection layer; and an optical sheet disposed on the plurality of light sources, wherein light emitted from a respective light source close to the edge passes through the holes. 20. The display device of claim 1, wherein the edges of the reflection layer reflect light emitted by the plurality of light sources that does not pass through the holes. | A display device includes a lower cover; a circuit substrate disposed on the lower cover; a plurality of light sources disposed on the circuit substrate; a reflection layer disposed on the circuit substrate; a light regulator disposed at an edge of the reflection layer at an angle with respect to the reflection layer; and an optical sheet disposed on the plurality of light sources. Further, the light regulator includes a reflector portion reflecting light from the plurality of light sources; and an absorber portion having holes arranged in a pattern. In addition, light emitted from a respective light source close to the edge passes through the holes.1. A display device comprising:
a lower cover; a circuit substrate disposed on the lower cover; a plurality of light sources disposed on the circuit substrate; a reflection layer disposed on the circuit substrate; a light regulator disposed at an edge of the reflection layer at an angle with respect to the reflection layer; and an optical sheet disposed on the plurality of light sources, wherein the light regulator includes: a reflector portion reflecting light from the plurality of light sources; and an absorber portion having holes arranged in a pattern, and wherein light emitted from a respective light source close to the edge passes through the holes. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the holes are arranged along the edge. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein the holes are arranged in parallel with the edge. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein the absorber portion includes a plurality of absorber portions. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein the reflector portion is arranged between the plurality of absorber portions. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the reflector portion is arranged between neighboring absorber portions. 7. The display device of claim 1, wherein the absorber portion is arranged to correspond with the respective light source close to the edge. 8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the holes are arranged in a same interval. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of light sources includes outermost light sources and inner light sources, and
wherein the outermost light sources are closer to the edge of the reflection layer than the inner light sources. 10. The display device of claim 9, wherein the absorber portion absorbs more light emitted from the outermost light sources than the reflection portion. 11. The display device of claim 9, wherein the reflection portion reflects more light emitted from the inner light sources than the absorber portion. 12. The display device of claim 9, wherein the absorber portion dominantly absorbs light emitted from the outermost light sources. 13. The display device of claim 9, wherein the reflector portion dominantly reflects light emitted from the inner light sources. 14. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a spacer disposed between the reflection layer and the optical sheet, wherein the spacer includes at least one material selected from polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), glass, a resin, phenyl propanol amine (PPA) or aluminum (Al), and thus exhibits light transmission, refraction or reflection. 15. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least two circuit substrates disposed on the lower cover and spaced apart by a predetermined distance. 16. The display device of claim 1, wherein the holes have a circular shape. 17. The display device of claim 1, wherein a central axis of at least one hole matches a central axis of at least one light source arranged closest to the edge of the reflection layer. 18. The display device of claim 17, wherein an accumulated area of holes closest to the at least one slight source arranged closest to the edge of the reflection layer is greater than an accumulated area of holes other than the holes closest to the at least one light source. 19. A display device comprising:
a lower cover; a circuit substrate disposed on the lower cover; a plurality of light sources disposed on the circuit substrate; a reflection layer disposed on the circuit substrate and having edges disposed at an angle; a plurality of holes arranged in the edges of the reflection layer; and an optical sheet disposed on the plurality of light sources, wherein light emitted from a respective light source close to the edge passes through the holes. 20. The display device of claim 1, wherein the edges of the reflection layer reflect light emitted by the plurality of light sources that does not pass through the holes. | 3,600 |
348,940 | 16,806,476 | 3,631 | The present disclosure relates to compositions, including, hydrogel compositions useful as topical analgesics including cannabinoids and menthol where the menthol component can be a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid. The present disclosure also disclosure relates to compositions, including, hydrogel compositions useful as topical analgesics including cannabinoids and menthol as well as carboxymethyl cellulose, carrageenan and a cross-linking agent. | 1. A composition, comprising:
a biocompatible polymer in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; a polyalcohol in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; at least one cannabinoid is in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 20 wt %.; and an effective amount of menthol comprising a stabilized menthol composition including menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the biocompatible polymer is carboxymethyl cellulose and the polyalcohol is glycerin. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one cannabinoid includes CBD. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein menthol is in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt %. 5. The composition of claim 2, further including a second biocompatible polymer and a cross-linking agent. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the stabilized menthol composition includes a ratio of about 1 molar part menthol to from about 0.005 molar part to about 1.0 molar part of the at least one of the menthol stabilizer compounds. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the stabilized menthol composition further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable suitable solvent. 8. A composition, comprising:
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose including minimal residual water in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; anhydrous glycerin polyalcohol in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; CBD in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 20 wt %.; and menthol in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt %, wherein the menthol is included in a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid. 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the composition is a unit dose formulation and includes CBD in a unit dose amount of from about 2 mg. to about 30 mg. and menthol in a unit dose amount of from about 2 mg. to about 20 mg. 10. The composition of claim 8, further including a second biocompatible polymer and a cross-linking agent. 11. The composition of claim 8, wherein the stabilized menthol composition includes a ratio of about 1 molar part menthol to from about 0.005 molar part to about 1.0 molar part of the at least one of the menthol stabilizer compounds. 12. The composition of claim 8, wherein the stabilized menthol composition further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable suitable solvent. 13. A method of treating oral cavity pain of a patient using a therapeutic composition, the therapeutic composition being a unit dose formulation comprising:
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose including minimal residual water in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; anhydrous glycerin polyalcohol in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; CBD in a unit dose amount of from about 2 mg. to about 30 mg.; and menthol in a unit dose amount of from about 2 mg. to about 20 mg., wherein the menthol is included in a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid, the method comprising topically administering the therapeutic composition to an oral cavity surface of the patient. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the at least one cannabinoid is in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 20 wt %. 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the menthol is in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt %. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein topically administering the therapeutic composition to an oral cavity surface of the patient includes topically administering the therapeutic composition to the cheek tissue in the oral cavity 17. The method of claim 13, further including a second biocompatible polymer and a cross-linking agent. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the stabilized menthol composition includes a ratio of about 1 molar part menthol to from about 0.005 molar part to about 1.0 molar part of the at least one of the menthol stabilizer compounds. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the stabilized menthol composition further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable suitable solvent. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein CBD is in a unit dose amount of from about 5 mg. to about 15 mg. and menthol is in a unit dose amount of from about 2 mg. to about 4 mg. | The present disclosure relates to compositions, including, hydrogel compositions useful as topical analgesics including cannabinoids and menthol where the menthol component can be a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid. The present disclosure also disclosure relates to compositions, including, hydrogel compositions useful as topical analgesics including cannabinoids and menthol as well as carboxymethyl cellulose, carrageenan and a cross-linking agent.1. A composition, comprising:
a biocompatible polymer in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; a polyalcohol in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; at least one cannabinoid is in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 20 wt %.; and an effective amount of menthol comprising a stabilized menthol composition including menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the biocompatible polymer is carboxymethyl cellulose and the polyalcohol is glycerin. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one cannabinoid includes CBD. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein menthol is in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt %. 5. The composition of claim 2, further including a second biocompatible polymer and a cross-linking agent. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the stabilized menthol composition includes a ratio of about 1 molar part menthol to from about 0.005 molar part to about 1.0 molar part of the at least one of the menthol stabilizer compounds. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the stabilized menthol composition further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable suitable solvent. 8. A composition, comprising:
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose including minimal residual water in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; anhydrous glycerin polyalcohol in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; CBD in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 20 wt %.; and menthol in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt %, wherein the menthol is included in a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid. 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the composition is a unit dose formulation and includes CBD in a unit dose amount of from about 2 mg. to about 30 mg. and menthol in a unit dose amount of from about 2 mg. to about 20 mg. 10. The composition of claim 8, further including a second biocompatible polymer and a cross-linking agent. 11. The composition of claim 8, wherein the stabilized menthol composition includes a ratio of about 1 molar part menthol to from about 0.005 molar part to about 1.0 molar part of the at least one of the menthol stabilizer compounds. 12. The composition of claim 8, wherein the stabilized menthol composition further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable suitable solvent. 13. A method of treating oral cavity pain of a patient using a therapeutic composition, the therapeutic composition being a unit dose formulation comprising:
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose including minimal residual water in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %; anhydrous glycerin polyalcohol in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 70 wt %; CBD in a unit dose amount of from about 2 mg. to about 30 mg.; and menthol in a unit dose amount of from about 2 mg. to about 20 mg., wherein the menthol is included in a stabilized menthol composition comprising menthol and at least one menthol stabilizer compound including undecylenic acid methyl ester, undecylenic acid or a salt of undecylenic acid, the method comprising topically administering the therapeutic composition to an oral cavity surface of the patient. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the at least one cannabinoid is in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 20 wt %. 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the menthol is in an amount of from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt %. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein topically administering the therapeutic composition to an oral cavity surface of the patient includes topically administering the therapeutic composition to the cheek tissue in the oral cavity 17. The method of claim 13, further including a second biocompatible polymer and a cross-linking agent. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the stabilized menthol composition includes a ratio of about 1 molar part menthol to from about 0.005 molar part to about 1.0 molar part of the at least one of the menthol stabilizer compounds. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the stabilized menthol composition further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable suitable solvent. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein CBD is in a unit dose amount of from about 5 mg. to about 15 mg. and menthol is in a unit dose amount of from about 2 mg. to about 4 mg. | 3,600 |
348,941 | 16,806,467 | 3,631 | Compositions and methods are described for delivery of drugs to desired tissues via soluble quantum dots. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A quantum dot (QD) drug delivery system (QD-DDS) comprising:
(i) a water soluble QD nanoparticle comprising a core semiconductor material or a core/shell semiconductor material and an outer layer, the outer layer comprising:
an inner hydrophobic domain,
a middle amphiphilic domain, and
an outer hydrophilic domain; and
ii) a drug molecule located at the inner hydrophobic domain, the middle amphiphilic domain or the outer hydrophilic domain of the outer layer, 22. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the water soluble QD nanoparticle comprises a core formed of a cadmium free semiconductor material. 23. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the water soluble QD nanoparticle comprises an alloyed semiconductor material having a bandgap value that increases outwardly by graded alloying. 24. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the outer layer comprises a ligand interactive agent and a surface modifying ligand. 25. The QD-DDS of claim 23, wherein the ligand interactive agent and the surface modifying ligand are crosslinked. 26. The QD-DDS of claim 24, wherein the ligand interactive agent is selected from C8-20 fatty acids, C8-20 fatty acid esters, cholesterol, and any combination thereof. 27. The QD-DDS of claim 26, wherein the C8-20 fatty acid ester ligand interactive agent is isopropyl myristate. 28. The QD-DDS of claim 26, wherein the surface modifying ligand is a monomethoxy polyethylene oxide. 29. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the nanoparticle further comprises capping ligands and wherein the drug molecules are physically entrapped in the capping ligands of the nanoparticle. 30. The QD-DDS of claim 29, wherein the capping ligands are selected from the group consisting of thiol, carboxyl, amine, phosphine, phosphine oxide, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, imidazole, hydroxy, thio ether, and calixarene groups. 31. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the drug molecule is hydrophobic with an octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) of greater than 0. 32. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the drug molecule is hydrophobic with an octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) of greater than 1. 33. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the drug molecule is released upon excitation of the water soluble QD with an excitation source selected from a normal blue light, UV light, laser light, LED light, multiphoton excitation, and an electrical current. 34. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the QD is derivatized with a targeting ligand prior to loading with the drug molecule. 35. The QD-DDS of claim 34, wherein the targeting ligand is a monoclonal antibody directed to a target selected from the group consisting of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; also known as ERBB1), ERBB2 (also known as HER2), ERBB3, MET (also known as HGFR), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), ephrin receptor A3 (EPHA3), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1 (TRAILR1; also known as TNFRSF10A), TRAILR2 (also known as TNFRSF10B), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL; also known as TNFSF11), VEGF receptor (VEGFR), integrin αVβ3, integrin α5β1, fibroblast activation protein (FAP), tenascin, CD20, CD30, CD33, CD52, EpCAM, gpA33, Mucins, TAG-72, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), PSMA, folate-binding protein, gangliosides GD2, GD3 and GM2, PD-L2, and telomerase subunits. 36. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein water soluble QD nanoparticle comprises a semiconductor material selected from the group of materials consisting of ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, InP, InSb, AlP, AlS, AlSb, GaN, GaP, GaSb, PbS, PbSe, AgInS2, AgS, CuInS2, Si, Ge, alloys and doped derivatives thereof, and any combination thereof. 37. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the water soluble QD comprises a semiconductor material comprising a heavy metal, wherein the heavy metal is selected from the group consisting of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), vanadium (V) and arsenic (As), alloys and doped derivatives thereof, and any combination thereof. 38. A method of treating a target tissue comprising administering a drug loaded QD-DDS of claim 21 and administering light to the target tissue sufficient to excite the QD and induce release of the drug from QD-DDS. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the drug delivery system is used to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate, or prevent disease states of humans, animals, plants, and other organisms. 40. The method of claim 38, wherein the drug delivery system is administered:
(i) systemically by a route selected from intraarterial, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intratumoral, oral, sublingual, nasal, rectal, epidural and pulmonary routes; or (ii) during a surgical operation by direct instillation or by spraying a target tissue. | Compositions and methods are described for delivery of drugs to desired tissues via soluble quantum dots.1-20. (canceled) 21. A quantum dot (QD) drug delivery system (QD-DDS) comprising:
(i) a water soluble QD nanoparticle comprising a core semiconductor material or a core/shell semiconductor material and an outer layer, the outer layer comprising:
an inner hydrophobic domain,
a middle amphiphilic domain, and
an outer hydrophilic domain; and
ii) a drug molecule located at the inner hydrophobic domain, the middle amphiphilic domain or the outer hydrophilic domain of the outer layer, 22. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the water soluble QD nanoparticle comprises a core formed of a cadmium free semiconductor material. 23. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the water soluble QD nanoparticle comprises an alloyed semiconductor material having a bandgap value that increases outwardly by graded alloying. 24. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the outer layer comprises a ligand interactive agent and a surface modifying ligand. 25. The QD-DDS of claim 23, wherein the ligand interactive agent and the surface modifying ligand are crosslinked. 26. The QD-DDS of claim 24, wherein the ligand interactive agent is selected from C8-20 fatty acids, C8-20 fatty acid esters, cholesterol, and any combination thereof. 27. The QD-DDS of claim 26, wherein the C8-20 fatty acid ester ligand interactive agent is isopropyl myristate. 28. The QD-DDS of claim 26, wherein the surface modifying ligand is a monomethoxy polyethylene oxide. 29. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the nanoparticle further comprises capping ligands and wherein the drug molecules are physically entrapped in the capping ligands of the nanoparticle. 30. The QD-DDS of claim 29, wherein the capping ligands are selected from the group consisting of thiol, carboxyl, amine, phosphine, phosphine oxide, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, imidazole, hydroxy, thio ether, and calixarene groups. 31. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the drug molecule is hydrophobic with an octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) of greater than 0. 32. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the drug molecule is hydrophobic with an octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) of greater than 1. 33. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the drug molecule is released upon excitation of the water soluble QD with an excitation source selected from a normal blue light, UV light, laser light, LED light, multiphoton excitation, and an electrical current. 34. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the QD is derivatized with a targeting ligand prior to loading with the drug molecule. 35. The QD-DDS of claim 34, wherein the targeting ligand is a monoclonal antibody directed to a target selected from the group consisting of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; also known as ERBB1), ERBB2 (also known as HER2), ERBB3, MET (also known as HGFR), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), ephrin receptor A3 (EPHA3), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1 (TRAILR1; also known as TNFRSF10A), TRAILR2 (also known as TNFRSF10B), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL; also known as TNFSF11), VEGF receptor (VEGFR), integrin αVβ3, integrin α5β1, fibroblast activation protein (FAP), tenascin, CD20, CD30, CD33, CD52, EpCAM, gpA33, Mucins, TAG-72, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), PSMA, folate-binding protein, gangliosides GD2, GD3 and GM2, PD-L2, and telomerase subunits. 36. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein water soluble QD nanoparticle comprises a semiconductor material selected from the group of materials consisting of ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, InP, InSb, AlP, AlS, AlSb, GaN, GaP, GaSb, PbS, PbSe, AgInS2, AgS, CuInS2, Si, Ge, alloys and doped derivatives thereof, and any combination thereof. 37. The QD-DDS of claim 21, wherein the water soluble QD comprises a semiconductor material comprising a heavy metal, wherein the heavy metal is selected from the group consisting of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), vanadium (V) and arsenic (As), alloys and doped derivatives thereof, and any combination thereof. 38. A method of treating a target tissue comprising administering a drug loaded QD-DDS of claim 21 and administering light to the target tissue sufficient to excite the QD and induce release of the drug from QD-DDS. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the drug delivery system is used to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate, or prevent disease states of humans, animals, plants, and other organisms. 40. The method of claim 38, wherein the drug delivery system is administered:
(i) systemically by a route selected from intraarterial, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intratumoral, oral, sublingual, nasal, rectal, epidural and pulmonary routes; or (ii) during a surgical operation by direct instillation or by spraying a target tissue. | 3,600 |
348,942 | 16,806,473 | 3,631 | A nut, in particular a union nut for a line connection, extends along a longitudinal direction, wherein the nut has at least one expansion region. The expansion region has circumferentially one or more recesses which extend transversely and/or obliquely to the longitudinal direction. | 1. A nut, comprising:
at least one expansion region of the nut, which nut extends along a longitudinal direction, wherein the expansion region circumferentially has one or more cutouts which extend transversely and/or obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction. 2. The nut according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of cutouts circumferentially forms a closed ring. 3. The nut according to claim 1, wherein
the expansion region has a plurality of cutouts arranged in rows. 4. The nut according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of cutouts is provided, wherein the cutouts are formed in a bone-shaped manner. 5. The nut according to claim 1, wherein
the nut has a shoulder region, a threaded region and an intermediate middle region, and wherein the expansion region is arranged in the middle region and/or in the threaded region. 6. The nut according to claim 1, wherein the nut is a union nut for a line connection. 7. A line connection, comprising:
first and second line ends; a nut comprising at least one expansion region, which nut extends along a longitudinal direction, and wherein the expansion region circumferentially has one or more cutouts extending transversely and/or obliquely with respect to the longitudinal directions, wherein the first and second line ends are connected via the nut. 8. The line connection according to claim 7, wherein
the first line end has a first sealing surface, and the second line end has a second sealing surface, wherein the expansion region of the nut, in a screwed-together state, is positioned at least between the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface. 9. The line connection according to claim 8, wherein
the expansion region is arranged and formed such that, in an event of leakage, a medium can escape by way of the expansion region. 10. The line connection according to claim 7, wherein
the line connection is a high-pressure line of a motor vehicle. 11. A use of a nut in a leakage test of a line connection, wherein the line connection comprises:
first and second line ends; a nut comprising at least one expansion region, which nut extends along a longitudinal direction, and wherein the expansion region circumferentially has one or more cutouts extending transversely and/or obliquely with respect to the longitudinal directions, wherein the first and second line ends are connected via the nut. | A nut, in particular a union nut for a line connection, extends along a longitudinal direction, wherein the nut has at least one expansion region. The expansion region has circumferentially one or more recesses which extend transversely and/or obliquely to the longitudinal direction.1. A nut, comprising:
at least one expansion region of the nut, which nut extends along a longitudinal direction, wherein the expansion region circumferentially has one or more cutouts which extend transversely and/or obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction. 2. The nut according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of cutouts circumferentially forms a closed ring. 3. The nut according to claim 1, wherein
the expansion region has a plurality of cutouts arranged in rows. 4. The nut according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of cutouts is provided, wherein the cutouts are formed in a bone-shaped manner. 5. The nut according to claim 1, wherein
the nut has a shoulder region, a threaded region and an intermediate middle region, and wherein the expansion region is arranged in the middle region and/or in the threaded region. 6. The nut according to claim 1, wherein the nut is a union nut for a line connection. 7. A line connection, comprising:
first and second line ends; a nut comprising at least one expansion region, which nut extends along a longitudinal direction, and wherein the expansion region circumferentially has one or more cutouts extending transversely and/or obliquely with respect to the longitudinal directions, wherein the first and second line ends are connected via the nut. 8. The line connection according to claim 7, wherein
the first line end has a first sealing surface, and the second line end has a second sealing surface, wherein the expansion region of the nut, in a screwed-together state, is positioned at least between the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface. 9. The line connection according to claim 8, wherein
the expansion region is arranged and formed such that, in an event of leakage, a medium can escape by way of the expansion region. 10. The line connection according to claim 7, wherein
the line connection is a high-pressure line of a motor vehicle. 11. A use of a nut in a leakage test of a line connection, wherein the line connection comprises:
first and second line ends; a nut comprising at least one expansion region, which nut extends along a longitudinal direction, and wherein the expansion region circumferentially has one or more cutouts extending transversely and/or obliquely with respect to the longitudinal directions, wherein the first and second line ends are connected via the nut. | 3,600 |
348,943 | 16,806,449 | 3,631 | This disclosure relates to various systems and methods related to preventative laser-based treatment of a dental tissue; for example, to prevent a patient from forming cavities. In some instances, a laser-based treatment system can generate a laser beam pulse with a fluence profile at a treatment site that results in either an increase in acid resistance of the tissue or removal of carbonate from the tissue, without melting or ablating the tissue. In some instances, the laser-based treatment system can direct the laser beam to various locations within a treatment site according to a temporal and/or spatial pattern, that results in either an increase in acid resistance of the tissue or removal of carbonate from the tissue, without melting or ablating the tissue. Many other systems and techniques for preventative and other laser-based treatment are also described. | 1. A system for treating a dental hard tissue to resist acid dissolution, the system comprising:
a laser source for generating at least one pulse of a laser beam; at least one optic in optical communication with the laser source, the at least one optic adapted to define laser beam width and focus the laser beam at or near a surface of the dental hard tissue; and a controller adapted to control pulse energy based on the defined beam width, such that the laser beam pulse has a fluence profile at a focus having:
a maximum local fluence less than an upper threshold fluence, the upper threshold fluence defined as a minimum fluence that causes a surface modification of the dental hard tissue, and
at least one other local fluence greater than a lower threshold fluence, the lower threshold fluence defined as a fluence that causes at least one of (i) a minimum increase in an acid dissolution resistance of the dental hard tissue and (ii) a minimum decrease in an amount of surface carbonate of the dental hard tissue. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the surface modification comprises at least one of melting and ablation. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the melting is determined by a visual inspection of a treated surface at at least one of 200×, 500×, and 1000× magnification. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the ablation is determined by a visual inspection of a treated surface at at least one of 200×, 500×, and 1000× magnification. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the acid dissolution resistance is determined by at least one of an acidic challenge and a pH cycling study. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the acidic challenge comprises using at least one of citric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the amount of surface carbonate is measured by at least one of reflectance FTIR, FTIR-ATR, Ramen Spectroscopy, and XRD. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluence profile further comprises at least one of a Gaussian profile, a near-Gaussian profile, and a top-hat profile. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the laser source produces a laser beam having a wavelength in a range from 8 to 12 microns. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is adapted to control at least one of a pulse duration, average laser input power, and average laser output power, to control the pulse energy. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the laser pulse comprises a pulse duration in a range from 0.1 to 1000 microseconds. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the laser pulse comprises a pulse energy in a range from 0.05 to 100 mJ. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the location comprises a width in a range from 0.1 to 10 millimeters. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising a fluid system for directing a fluid to flow at least one of onto and across the dental hard tissue. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid comprises at least one of air, nitrogen, and water. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid comprises a liquid. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid comprises fluoride. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid comprises a compressible fluid. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the fluid system further comprises a fluid expansion element. 20. The system of claim 14, further comprising a fluid controller that controls the fluid system, such that the fluid is directed at least one of onto and across the dental hard tissue asynchronously with the laser pulse. 21. The system of claim 14, further comprising a fluid controller that controls the fluid system, such that the fluid is directed at least one of onto and across the dental hard tissue concurrently with the laser pulse. 22. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a flow controller to adjust a flow rate of the fluid sufficient to decrease the surface temperature of the location to a lowered temperature while no laser beam pulse is directed toward the location, wherein a sum of the lowered temperature and the temperature increase amount is at most equal to the raised temperature. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein:
the fluid comprises compressed air; and the flow rate is in a range from 1 SLPM to 100 SLPM. 24. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid system comprises a vacuum source adapted to generate a negative pressure differential that causes the fluid to flow across the dental hard tissue. 25. A method of treating a dental hard tissue to resist acid dissolution, the method comprising the steps of:
generating at least one pulse of a laser beam; defining a laser beam width and focusing the laser beam at or near a surface of the dental hard tissue using at least one optic; and controlling pulse energy based on the defined beam width, such that the laser beam pulse has a fluence profile at a focus having:
a maximum local fluence less than an upper threshold fluence, the upper threshold fluence defined as a minimum fluence that causes a surface modification of the dental hard tissue, and
at least one other local fluence greater than a lower threshold fluence, the lower threshold fluence defined as a fluence that causes at least one of (i) a minimum increase in an acid dissolution resistance of the dental hard tissue and (ii) a minimum decrease in an amount of surface carbonate of the dental hard tissue. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the surface modification comprises at least one of melting and ablation. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the melting is determined by a visual inspection of a treated surface at at least one of 200×, 500×, and 1000× magnification. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the ablation is determined by a visual inspection of a treated surface at at least one of 200×, 500×, and 1000× magnification. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein the acid dissolution resistance is determined by at least one of an acidic challenge and a pH cycling study. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the acidic challenge comprises using at least one of citric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid. 31.-145. (canceled) | This disclosure relates to various systems and methods related to preventative laser-based treatment of a dental tissue; for example, to prevent a patient from forming cavities. In some instances, a laser-based treatment system can generate a laser beam pulse with a fluence profile at a treatment site that results in either an increase in acid resistance of the tissue or removal of carbonate from the tissue, without melting or ablating the tissue. In some instances, the laser-based treatment system can direct the laser beam to various locations within a treatment site according to a temporal and/or spatial pattern, that results in either an increase in acid resistance of the tissue or removal of carbonate from the tissue, without melting or ablating the tissue. Many other systems and techniques for preventative and other laser-based treatment are also described.1. A system for treating a dental hard tissue to resist acid dissolution, the system comprising:
a laser source for generating at least one pulse of a laser beam; at least one optic in optical communication with the laser source, the at least one optic adapted to define laser beam width and focus the laser beam at or near a surface of the dental hard tissue; and a controller adapted to control pulse energy based on the defined beam width, such that the laser beam pulse has a fluence profile at a focus having:
a maximum local fluence less than an upper threshold fluence, the upper threshold fluence defined as a minimum fluence that causes a surface modification of the dental hard tissue, and
at least one other local fluence greater than a lower threshold fluence, the lower threshold fluence defined as a fluence that causes at least one of (i) a minimum increase in an acid dissolution resistance of the dental hard tissue and (ii) a minimum decrease in an amount of surface carbonate of the dental hard tissue. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the surface modification comprises at least one of melting and ablation. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the melting is determined by a visual inspection of a treated surface at at least one of 200×, 500×, and 1000× magnification. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the ablation is determined by a visual inspection of a treated surface at at least one of 200×, 500×, and 1000× magnification. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the acid dissolution resistance is determined by at least one of an acidic challenge and a pH cycling study. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the acidic challenge comprises using at least one of citric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the amount of surface carbonate is measured by at least one of reflectance FTIR, FTIR-ATR, Ramen Spectroscopy, and XRD. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluence profile further comprises at least one of a Gaussian profile, a near-Gaussian profile, and a top-hat profile. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the laser source produces a laser beam having a wavelength in a range from 8 to 12 microns. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is adapted to control at least one of a pulse duration, average laser input power, and average laser output power, to control the pulse energy. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the laser pulse comprises a pulse duration in a range from 0.1 to 1000 microseconds. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the laser pulse comprises a pulse energy in a range from 0.05 to 100 mJ. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the location comprises a width in a range from 0.1 to 10 millimeters. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising a fluid system for directing a fluid to flow at least one of onto and across the dental hard tissue. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid comprises at least one of air, nitrogen, and water. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid comprises a liquid. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid comprises fluoride. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid comprises a compressible fluid. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the fluid system further comprises a fluid expansion element. 20. The system of claim 14, further comprising a fluid controller that controls the fluid system, such that the fluid is directed at least one of onto and across the dental hard tissue asynchronously with the laser pulse. 21. The system of claim 14, further comprising a fluid controller that controls the fluid system, such that the fluid is directed at least one of onto and across the dental hard tissue concurrently with the laser pulse. 22. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a flow controller to adjust a flow rate of the fluid sufficient to decrease the surface temperature of the location to a lowered temperature while no laser beam pulse is directed toward the location, wherein a sum of the lowered temperature and the temperature increase amount is at most equal to the raised temperature. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein:
the fluid comprises compressed air; and the flow rate is in a range from 1 SLPM to 100 SLPM. 24. The system of claim 14, wherein the fluid system comprises a vacuum source adapted to generate a negative pressure differential that causes the fluid to flow across the dental hard tissue. 25. A method of treating a dental hard tissue to resist acid dissolution, the method comprising the steps of:
generating at least one pulse of a laser beam; defining a laser beam width and focusing the laser beam at or near a surface of the dental hard tissue using at least one optic; and controlling pulse energy based on the defined beam width, such that the laser beam pulse has a fluence profile at a focus having:
a maximum local fluence less than an upper threshold fluence, the upper threshold fluence defined as a minimum fluence that causes a surface modification of the dental hard tissue, and
at least one other local fluence greater than a lower threshold fluence, the lower threshold fluence defined as a fluence that causes at least one of (i) a minimum increase in an acid dissolution resistance of the dental hard tissue and (ii) a minimum decrease in an amount of surface carbonate of the dental hard tissue. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the surface modification comprises at least one of melting and ablation. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the melting is determined by a visual inspection of a treated surface at at least one of 200×, 500×, and 1000× magnification. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the ablation is determined by a visual inspection of a treated surface at at least one of 200×, 500×, and 1000× magnification. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein the acid dissolution resistance is determined by at least one of an acidic challenge and a pH cycling study. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the acidic challenge comprises using at least one of citric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid. 31.-145. (canceled) | 3,600 |
348,944 | 16,806,468 | 3,631 | An apparatus and a method for effectively exhausting evaporated material are provided. In an embodiment the apparatus includes a hot plate and an exhaust hood assembly suspended over the hot plate. The exhaust hood assembly includes a trench plate, a cover plate over the trench plate and a single exhaust pipe header over and attached to a single exhaust opening of the cover plate. During operation, the exhaust hood assembly reduces the amount of condensation and also collects any remaining condensation in order to help prevent condensation from impacting further manufacturing steps. | 1. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus comprising:
a trench plate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the trench plate comprises a first trench extending partially through the trench plate from the first surface, wherein the trench plate also comprises a first opening extending fully through the trench plate from the first surface to the second surface, and a second opening extending fully through the trench plate from the first surface to the second surface, the first trench being located between the first opening and the second opening. 2. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first surface comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. 3. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first trench is located within a center of the trench plate. 4. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 3, wherein the trench plate further comprises a second trench separated from the first trench by a first distance between about 1 mm and about 20 mm. 5. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first trench has a width which increases in size as the first trench extends towards an outer perimeter of the trench plate. 6. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first trench comprises angled sidewalls. 7. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising attachment holes located along a perimeter of the trench plate. 8. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus comprising:
a trench plate, wherein the trench plate comprises ridges, a trench disposed between the ridges, and a vent hole extending through the ridges and from a first side of the trench plate to a second side of the trench plate; and a cover plate over and attached to the trench plate. 9. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a single pipe header attached to the cover plate, wherein the single pipe header is the lone pipe header attached to the cover plate. 10. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the single pipe header has a diameter of between about 20 mm and about 40 mm. 11. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 9, wherein surfaces of the trench plate and the cover plate comprise a polytetrafluoroethylene coating. 12. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the trench comprises angled sidewalls and a substantially flat bottom surface. 13. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the trench comprises a substantially flat bottom surface and sidewalls extending in a direction substantially vertical to the substantially flat bottom surface. 14. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the trench has a concave profile. 15. A method comprising:
placing a semiconductor wafer with a material disposed thereon within a bake station; and heating the semiconductor wafer with the material disposed thereon, thereby forming an evaporated portion of the material, wherein a first portion of the evaporated portion passes through vent holes of a trench plate and through a cover plate above the trench plate, and wherein a second portion of the evaporated portion passes through the vent holes of the trench plate, condenses, and enters trenches within the trench plate after condensing. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the trench plate comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein all of the evaporated portion that does not condense passes through a single opening in the cover plate. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the single opening has a diameter of between about 20 mm and about 30 mm. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the material is a photoresist. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the cover plate has a second trench and the first portion of the evaporated portion enters the second trench. | An apparatus and a method for effectively exhausting evaporated material are provided. In an embodiment the apparatus includes a hot plate and an exhaust hood assembly suspended over the hot plate. The exhaust hood assembly includes a trench plate, a cover plate over the trench plate and a single exhaust pipe header over and attached to a single exhaust opening of the cover plate. During operation, the exhaust hood assembly reduces the amount of condensation and also collects any remaining condensation in order to help prevent condensation from impacting further manufacturing steps.1. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus comprising:
a trench plate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the trench plate comprises a first trench extending partially through the trench plate from the first surface, wherein the trench plate also comprises a first opening extending fully through the trench plate from the first surface to the second surface, and a second opening extending fully through the trench plate from the first surface to the second surface, the first trench being located between the first opening and the second opening. 2. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first surface comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. 3. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first trench is located within a center of the trench plate. 4. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 3, wherein the trench plate further comprises a second trench separated from the first trench by a first distance between about 1 mm and about 20 mm. 5. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first trench has a width which increases in size as the first trench extends towards an outer perimeter of the trench plate. 6. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first trench comprises angled sidewalls. 7. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising attachment holes located along a perimeter of the trench plate. 8. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus comprising:
a trench plate, wherein the trench plate comprises ridges, a trench disposed between the ridges, and a vent hole extending through the ridges and from a first side of the trench plate to a second side of the trench plate; and a cover plate over and attached to the trench plate. 9. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a single pipe header attached to the cover plate, wherein the single pipe header is the lone pipe header attached to the cover plate. 10. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the single pipe header has a diameter of between about 20 mm and about 40 mm. 11. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 9, wherein surfaces of the trench plate and the cover plate comprise a polytetrafluoroethylene coating. 12. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the trench comprises angled sidewalls and a substantially flat bottom surface. 13. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the trench comprises a substantially flat bottom surface and sidewalls extending in a direction substantially vertical to the substantially flat bottom surface. 14. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the trench has a concave profile. 15. A method comprising:
placing a semiconductor wafer with a material disposed thereon within a bake station; and heating the semiconductor wafer with the material disposed thereon, thereby forming an evaporated portion of the material, wherein a first portion of the evaporated portion passes through vent holes of a trench plate and through a cover plate above the trench plate, and wherein a second portion of the evaporated portion passes through the vent holes of the trench plate, condenses, and enters trenches within the trench plate after condensing. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the trench plate comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein all of the evaporated portion that does not condense passes through a single opening in the cover plate. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the single opening has a diameter of between about 20 mm and about 30 mm. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the material is a photoresist. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the cover plate has a second trench and the first portion of the evaporated portion enters the second trench. | 3,600 |
348,945 | 16,806,472 | 3,631 | A system for composite material delamination testing at elevated temperatures is disclosed. The system includes a testing machine, means for increasing temperature of a test article, a specimen made from composite material, and a specimen mount for coupling the specimen to the testing machine. The specimen mount is configured to endure temperatures greater than ambient applied to the specimen so as to enable elevated temperature testing. | 1. A system for composite material delamination testing at elevated temperatures, the system comprising
a testing machine configured to apply controlled forces on a test article, means for raising and holding test article temperatures above ambient temperatures, a C-specimen made from composite materials with layers of reinforcement suspended in a matrix formed into a C-shape with a bend and legs extending from the bend, and a specimen mount configured to couple the C-specimen to the testing machine without adhesives, the specimen mount including a plurality of bolts that extend through the legs of the C-specimen. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the legs is shaped to include at least one pass-through hole and at least one bolt hole, each pass-through hole is sized to allow the entirety of a first bolt included in the plurality of bolts to pass therethrough, and each bolt hole is sized to allow only a threaded shaft of the first bolt to pass through while a head of the first bolt is too large to pass through. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein each leg is formed to include two pass-through holes and two bolt holes. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the center of each pass-through hole and each bolt hole is spaced the same distance from the bend. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein legs of the C-specimen are of equal length. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for raising and holding test article above ambient temperatures is provided by a furnace. | A system for composite material delamination testing at elevated temperatures is disclosed. The system includes a testing machine, means for increasing temperature of a test article, a specimen made from composite material, and a specimen mount for coupling the specimen to the testing machine. The specimen mount is configured to endure temperatures greater than ambient applied to the specimen so as to enable elevated temperature testing.1. A system for composite material delamination testing at elevated temperatures, the system comprising
a testing machine configured to apply controlled forces on a test article, means for raising and holding test article temperatures above ambient temperatures, a C-specimen made from composite materials with layers of reinforcement suspended in a matrix formed into a C-shape with a bend and legs extending from the bend, and a specimen mount configured to couple the C-specimen to the testing machine without adhesives, the specimen mount including a plurality of bolts that extend through the legs of the C-specimen. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the legs is shaped to include at least one pass-through hole and at least one bolt hole, each pass-through hole is sized to allow the entirety of a first bolt included in the plurality of bolts to pass therethrough, and each bolt hole is sized to allow only a threaded shaft of the first bolt to pass through while a head of the first bolt is too large to pass through. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein each leg is formed to include two pass-through holes and two bolt holes. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the center of each pass-through hole and each bolt hole is spaced the same distance from the bend. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein legs of the C-specimen are of equal length. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for raising and holding test article above ambient temperatures is provided by a furnace. | 3,600 |
348,946 | 16,806,503 | 3,631 | A system for composite material delamination testing at elevated temperatures is disclosed. The system includes a testing machine, means for increasing temperature of a test article, a specimen made from composite material, and a specimen mount for coupling the specimen to the testing machine. The specimen mount is configured to endure temperatures greater than ambient applied to the specimen so as to enable elevated temperature testing. | 1. A system for composite material delamination testing at elevated temperatures, the system comprising
a testing machine configured to apply controlled forces on a test article, means for raising and holding test article temperatures above ambient temperatures, a C-specimen made from composite materials with layers of reinforcement suspended in a matrix formed into a C-shape with a bend and legs extending from the bend, and a specimen mount configured to couple the C-specimen to the testing machine without adhesives, the specimen mount including a plurality of bolts that extend through the legs of the C-specimen. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the legs is shaped to include at least one pass-through hole and at least one bolt hole, each pass-through hole is sized to allow the entirety of a first bolt included in the plurality of bolts to pass therethrough, and each bolt hole is sized to allow only a threaded shaft of the first bolt to pass through while a head of the first bolt is too large to pass through. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein each leg is formed to include two pass-through holes and two bolt holes. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the center of each pass-through hole and each bolt hole is spaced the same distance from the bend. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein legs of the C-specimen are of equal length. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for raising and holding test article above ambient temperatures is provided by a furnace. | A system for composite material delamination testing at elevated temperatures is disclosed. The system includes a testing machine, means for increasing temperature of a test article, a specimen made from composite material, and a specimen mount for coupling the specimen to the testing machine. The specimen mount is configured to endure temperatures greater than ambient applied to the specimen so as to enable elevated temperature testing.1. A system for composite material delamination testing at elevated temperatures, the system comprising
a testing machine configured to apply controlled forces on a test article, means for raising and holding test article temperatures above ambient temperatures, a C-specimen made from composite materials with layers of reinforcement suspended in a matrix formed into a C-shape with a bend and legs extending from the bend, and a specimen mount configured to couple the C-specimen to the testing machine without adhesives, the specimen mount including a plurality of bolts that extend through the legs of the C-specimen. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the legs is shaped to include at least one pass-through hole and at least one bolt hole, each pass-through hole is sized to allow the entirety of a first bolt included in the plurality of bolts to pass therethrough, and each bolt hole is sized to allow only a threaded shaft of the first bolt to pass through while a head of the first bolt is too large to pass through. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein each leg is formed to include two pass-through holes and two bolt holes. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the center of each pass-through hole and each bolt hole is spaced the same distance from the bend. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein legs of the C-specimen are of equal length. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for raising and holding test article above ambient temperatures is provided by a furnace. | 3,600 |
348,947 | 16,806,501 | 3,631 | A system for determining candidate answers during an interview. The system may include a memory storing executable instructions, and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to perform operations. The operations may include capturing, by an image sensor, a plurality of images comprising a plurality of candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a first bounding box comprising the plurality of the candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a second bounding box comprising a plurality of alphanumeric characters, a first one of the alphanumeric characters being located on a line of software code; calculating a distance from a side of a first bounding box to a side of a second bounding box; and determining, based on the calculated distance, a source code alignment. | 1. A system for determining candidate answers during an interview, the system comprising:
a memory storing executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising:
capturing, by an image sensor, a plurality of images comprising a plurality of candidate answers;
detecting, based on the captured images, a first bounding box comprising the candidate answers;
detecting, based on the captured images, a second bounding box comprising a plurality of alphanumeric characters, a first one of the characters being located on a line of software code;
calculating a distance from a side of the first bounding box to a side of the second bounding box; and
determining, based on the calculated distance, a software code alignment. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the software code alignment comprises an indentation in the software code. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein determining a software code alignment comprises automatically detecting a software code alignment across a plurality of lines of the software code. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise comparing the candidate answers to a plurality of candidate solutions stored in a database. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the candidate solutions comprise candidate solutions based on a plurality of interviews. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
detecting if an error exists in the software code; and based on the detection, prompting interviewers to provide interview questions. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein prompting interviewers comprises suggesting questions for interviewers to ask based on a plurality of stored candidate solutions. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the image sensor comprises a camera positioned on one of a wall in a room or a laptop of a user. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the second bounding box comprises a height dimension and a width dimension; and the operations further comprise calculating an average size of the second bounding box, based on the height and width dimensions. 10. The system of claim 2, wherein the indentation comprises a plurality of tabs. 11. A method for determining candidate answers during an interview, the method comprising:
capturing, by an image sensor, a plurality of images comprising a plurality of candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a first bounding box comprising the candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a second bounding box comprising a plurality of alphanumeric characters, a first one of the alphanumeric characters being located on a line of software code; calculating a distance from a side of the first bounding box to a side of the second bounding box; and determining, based on the calculated distance, a software code alignment. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the software code alignment comprises an indentation in the software code. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein determining a software code alignment comprises automatically detecting a software code alignment across a plurality of lines of the software code. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising comparing the candidate answers to a plurality of candidate solutions stored in a database. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the candidate solutions comprise candidate solutions based on a plurality of interviews. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
detecting if an error exists in the software code; and based on the detection, prompting interviewers to provide interview questions. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein
prompting interviewers comprises suggesting questions for interviewers to ask based on a plurality of stored candidate solutions. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the image sensor comprises a camera positioned on one of a wall in a room or on a laptop of a user. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the second bounding box comprises a height dimension and a width dimension; and further comprising:
calculating an average size of the second bounding box based on the height and width dimensions. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
capturing, by an image sensor, a plurality of images comprising a plurality of candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a first bounding box comprising the plurality of the candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a second bounding box comprising a plurality of alphanumeric characters, a first one of the characters being located on a line of software code; calculating a distance from a side of the first bounding box to a side of the second bounding box; and determining, based on the calculated distance, a software code alignment. | A system for determining candidate answers during an interview. The system may include a memory storing executable instructions, and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to perform operations. The operations may include capturing, by an image sensor, a plurality of images comprising a plurality of candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a first bounding box comprising the plurality of the candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a second bounding box comprising a plurality of alphanumeric characters, a first one of the alphanumeric characters being located on a line of software code; calculating a distance from a side of a first bounding box to a side of a second bounding box; and determining, based on the calculated distance, a source code alignment.1. A system for determining candidate answers during an interview, the system comprising:
a memory storing executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising:
capturing, by an image sensor, a plurality of images comprising a plurality of candidate answers;
detecting, based on the captured images, a first bounding box comprising the candidate answers;
detecting, based on the captured images, a second bounding box comprising a plurality of alphanumeric characters, a first one of the characters being located on a line of software code;
calculating a distance from a side of the first bounding box to a side of the second bounding box; and
determining, based on the calculated distance, a software code alignment. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the software code alignment comprises an indentation in the software code. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein determining a software code alignment comprises automatically detecting a software code alignment across a plurality of lines of the software code. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise comparing the candidate answers to a plurality of candidate solutions stored in a database. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the candidate solutions comprise candidate solutions based on a plurality of interviews. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
detecting if an error exists in the software code; and based on the detection, prompting interviewers to provide interview questions. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein prompting interviewers comprises suggesting questions for interviewers to ask based on a plurality of stored candidate solutions. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the image sensor comprises a camera positioned on one of a wall in a room or a laptop of a user. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the second bounding box comprises a height dimension and a width dimension; and the operations further comprise calculating an average size of the second bounding box, based on the height and width dimensions. 10. The system of claim 2, wherein the indentation comprises a plurality of tabs. 11. A method for determining candidate answers during an interview, the method comprising:
capturing, by an image sensor, a plurality of images comprising a plurality of candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a first bounding box comprising the candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a second bounding box comprising a plurality of alphanumeric characters, a first one of the alphanumeric characters being located on a line of software code; calculating a distance from a side of the first bounding box to a side of the second bounding box; and determining, based on the calculated distance, a software code alignment. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the software code alignment comprises an indentation in the software code. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein determining a software code alignment comprises automatically detecting a software code alignment across a plurality of lines of the software code. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising comparing the candidate answers to a plurality of candidate solutions stored in a database. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the candidate solutions comprise candidate solutions based on a plurality of interviews. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
detecting if an error exists in the software code; and based on the detection, prompting interviewers to provide interview questions. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein
prompting interviewers comprises suggesting questions for interviewers to ask based on a plurality of stored candidate solutions. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the image sensor comprises a camera positioned on one of a wall in a room or on a laptop of a user. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the second bounding box comprises a height dimension and a width dimension; and further comprising:
calculating an average size of the second bounding box based on the height and width dimensions. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
capturing, by an image sensor, a plurality of images comprising a plurality of candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a first bounding box comprising the plurality of the candidate answers; detecting, based on the captured images, a second bounding box comprising a plurality of alphanumeric characters, a first one of the characters being located on a line of software code; calculating a distance from a side of the first bounding box to a side of the second bounding box; and determining, based on the calculated distance, a software code alignment. | 3,600 |
348,948 | 16,806,481 | 3,631 | [Object] To provide a composition capable of forming a cured film having low permittivity and excellence in chemical resistance, in heat resistance and in resolution; and further to provide a production process employing the composition. [Means] The present invention provides a composition comprising: an alkali-soluble resin, namely, a polymer comprising a carboxyl-containing polymerization unit and an alkoxysilyl-containing polymerization unit; a polysiloxane; a diazonaphthoquinone derivative a compound generating acid or base when exposed to heat or light; and a solvent. | 1.-12. (canceled) 13. A composition comprising:
an alkali-soluble resin which is a polymer comprising a carboxyl-containing polymerization unit and an alkoxysilyl-containing polymerization unit, a polysiloxane, a diazonaphthoquinone derivative, a compound generating acid or base when exposed to heat, and a solvent and
wherein said compound generating acid or base when exposed to heat or light is a heat acid- or base-generator whose absorbance ratio at 365 nm/436 nm or at 365 nm/405 nm is 5/1 or more. 14. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said carboxyl-containing polymerization unit is derived from an unsaturated carboxylic acid, an unsaturated carboxylic anhydride, or a mixture thereof. 15. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said alkoxysilyl-containing polymerization unit is derived from a monomer represented by the following formula (I):
X—(CH2)a—Si(OR)b(CH3)3-b (I)
in which X is a vinyl, styryl or (meth)acryloyloxy group; R is methyl or ethyl group; a is an integer of 0 to 3; and b is an integer of 1 to 3. 16. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said polysiloxane is derived from a monomer represented by the following formula (II):
R1[Si(OR2)3]p (II)
in which p is an integer of 1 to 3; R1 is hydrogen or a p-valent straight, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group which has 20 or less carbon atoms and which may contain oxygen or nitrogen, provided that any hydrogen of the hydrocarbon group may be replaced with fluorine; and each R2 is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. 17. (canceled) 18. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said alkali-soluble resin has a weight average molecular weight of 3000 to 50000. 19. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said polysiloxane has a weight average molecular weight of 800 to 15000. 20. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the mixing ratio of said alkali-soluble resin and said polysiloxane is 5:95 to 95:5 by weight. 21. A method for forming a cured film, comprising:
coating a substrate with the composition according to claim 13, to form a coating film; exposing the coating film to light; developing the exposed film with an alkali developer, to form a pattern; and heating the obtained pattern. 22. The method for forming a cured film, according to claim 21;
which further comprises the step of exposing the whole film surface to light before the step of heating the obtained pattern. 23. A cured film produced by a method comprising:
coating a substrate with the composition according to claim 13, to form a coating film; exposing the coating film to light; developing the exposed film with an alkali developer, to form a pattern; and heating the obtained pattern. 24. A device comprising the cured film according to claim 23. | [Object] To provide a composition capable of forming a cured film having low permittivity and excellence in chemical resistance, in heat resistance and in resolution; and further to provide a production process employing the composition. [Means] The present invention provides a composition comprising: an alkali-soluble resin, namely, a polymer comprising a carboxyl-containing polymerization unit and an alkoxysilyl-containing polymerization unit; a polysiloxane; a diazonaphthoquinone derivative a compound generating acid or base when exposed to heat or light; and a solvent.1.-12. (canceled) 13. A composition comprising:
an alkali-soluble resin which is a polymer comprising a carboxyl-containing polymerization unit and an alkoxysilyl-containing polymerization unit, a polysiloxane, a diazonaphthoquinone derivative, a compound generating acid or base when exposed to heat, and a solvent and
wherein said compound generating acid or base when exposed to heat or light is a heat acid- or base-generator whose absorbance ratio at 365 nm/436 nm or at 365 nm/405 nm is 5/1 or more. 14. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said carboxyl-containing polymerization unit is derived from an unsaturated carboxylic acid, an unsaturated carboxylic anhydride, or a mixture thereof. 15. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said alkoxysilyl-containing polymerization unit is derived from a monomer represented by the following formula (I):
X—(CH2)a—Si(OR)b(CH3)3-b (I)
in which X is a vinyl, styryl or (meth)acryloyloxy group; R is methyl or ethyl group; a is an integer of 0 to 3; and b is an integer of 1 to 3. 16. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said polysiloxane is derived from a monomer represented by the following formula (II):
R1[Si(OR2)3]p (II)
in which p is an integer of 1 to 3; R1 is hydrogen or a p-valent straight, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group which has 20 or less carbon atoms and which may contain oxygen or nitrogen, provided that any hydrogen of the hydrocarbon group may be replaced with fluorine; and each R2 is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. 17. (canceled) 18. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said alkali-soluble resin has a weight average molecular weight of 3000 to 50000. 19. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said polysiloxane has a weight average molecular weight of 800 to 15000. 20. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the mixing ratio of said alkali-soluble resin and said polysiloxane is 5:95 to 95:5 by weight. 21. A method for forming a cured film, comprising:
coating a substrate with the composition according to claim 13, to form a coating film; exposing the coating film to light; developing the exposed film with an alkali developer, to form a pattern; and heating the obtained pattern. 22. The method for forming a cured film, according to claim 21;
which further comprises the step of exposing the whole film surface to light before the step of heating the obtained pattern. 23. A cured film produced by a method comprising:
coating a substrate with the composition according to claim 13, to form a coating film; exposing the coating film to light; developing the exposed film with an alkali developer, to form a pattern; and heating the obtained pattern. 24. A device comprising the cured film according to claim 23. | 3,600 |
348,949 | 16,806,499 | 3,631 | An example embodiment of a turbine engine assembly includes a low spool including a low spool accessory drive gear driven by a low rotor shaft, a high spool including a high spool accessory drive gear driven by a high rotor shaft concentric around a portion of the low rotor shaft, and a differential gear assembly adapted to offtake power from rotation of one or both of the low spool and the high spool to drive one or more accessory loads. The differential gear assembly includes a differential bullgear and one or more idler gears each including a plurality of teeth meshed with the low spool accessory drive gear and the high spool accessory drive gear, and a bearing surface. The differential bull gear includes a plurality of teeth and a corresponding at least one bearing surface engaging with the bearing surface of each of the one or more idler gears. The plurality of teeth are adapted to mesh with an accessory drive system to transfer the power offtake and drive the one or more accessory loads. | 1. A turbine engine assembly comprising:
a low spool including a low spool accessory drive gear driven by a low rotor shaft; a high spool including a high spool accessory drive gear driven by a high rotor shaft, the high rotor shaft concentric around a portion of the low rotor shaft; and a differential gear assembly adapted to offtake power from rotation of one or both of the low spool and the high spool to drive one or more accessory loads,
the differential gear assembly comprising:
one or more idler gears each including a plurality of teeth meshed with the low spool accessory drive gear and the high spool accessory drive gear, and a bearing surface; and
a differential bull gear including a plurality of teeth and a corresponding at least one bearing surface engaging with the bearing surface of each of the one or more idler gears, the plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with an accessory drive system to transfer the power offtake and drive the one or more accessory loads. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the low spool accessory drive gear comprises one of a ring gear assembly and a bull gear. 3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the high spool accessory drive gear comprises the other of the ring gear assembly and the bull gear. 4. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the ring gear assembly includes
a ring gear supported to the low rotor shaft by a first plurality of bearings; and a pinion gear meshed with the ring gear. 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein a fixed central portion of the pinion gear is mounted to a fixed surface of the engine. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein an outer portion of the pinion gear is rotatable about the fixed central portion. 7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the outer portion meshes with the ring gear and the low rotor shaft or the high rotor shaft to drive rotation of the ring gear about the low rotor shaft. 8. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the differential bullgear is supported to the low rotor shaft by a second plurality of bearings. 9. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the low rotor shaft rotates in a first direction and the high rotor shaft rotates in a second direction opposite the first direction. 10. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising an accessory drive shaft as part of the accessory drive system. 11. The assembly of claim 10, wherein the accessory drive shaft comprises a towershaft. 12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein a size of the differential bullgear and a gear ratio of the differential bullgear, relative to the towershaft, are selected to selectively offtake a first portion of power from the low spool and a second portion of power from the high spool to drive a plurality of accessories connected to the towershaft. 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the selective offtake of first and second portions of power continuously maintain a minimum excess power margin on each of the low and high spools. 14. The assembly of claim 13, wherein the selective offtake depends at least in part on instantaneous accessory load and on relative engine speed. 15. A differential gear assembly for a pair of counter rotating concentric drive shafts, the differential gear assembly comprising:
a first idler gear including a plurality of idler teeth adapted to mesh with a first accessory drive gear connected to a first of the concentric drive shafts; and a differential bull gear including a plurality of differential teeth and a corresponding at least one bearing surface engaging with a bearing surface of at least the first idler gears, the plurality of differential teeth adapted to mesh with an accessory drive system to transfer a first power offtake from the first of the concentric drive shafts and a second power offtake from a second of the concentric drive shafts to drive one or more accessory loads. 16. The assembly of claim 15, further comprising a ring gear assembly comprising:
a ring gear supported to the first or second of the concentric drive shaft via a first plurality of bearings; and a pinion gear meshed with the ring gear, the pinion gear including a fixed central portion of the pinion gear mounted to a fixed surface of the engine, and an outer portion of the pinion gear rotatable about the fixed central portion. 17. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the outer portion meshes with the ring gear and the first or second of the concentric drive shafts to drive rotation of the ring gear thereabout. 18. The assembly of claim 15, wherein the differential bullgear is supported to the first or second drive shaft by a second plurality of bearings. 19. The assembly of claim 15, further comprising an accessory drive system, including a towershaft and a plurality of accessories connected thereto. 20. The assembly of claim 15, wherein a size of the differential bullgear and a gear ratio of the differential bullgear, relative to the towershaft, are selected to selectively offtake a first portion of power to continuously maintain a minimum excess power margin on each of the first and second spools. | An example embodiment of a turbine engine assembly includes a low spool including a low spool accessory drive gear driven by a low rotor shaft, a high spool including a high spool accessory drive gear driven by a high rotor shaft concentric around a portion of the low rotor shaft, and a differential gear assembly adapted to offtake power from rotation of one or both of the low spool and the high spool to drive one or more accessory loads. The differential gear assembly includes a differential bullgear and one or more idler gears each including a plurality of teeth meshed with the low spool accessory drive gear and the high spool accessory drive gear, and a bearing surface. The differential bull gear includes a plurality of teeth and a corresponding at least one bearing surface engaging with the bearing surface of each of the one or more idler gears. The plurality of teeth are adapted to mesh with an accessory drive system to transfer the power offtake and drive the one or more accessory loads.1. A turbine engine assembly comprising:
a low spool including a low spool accessory drive gear driven by a low rotor shaft; a high spool including a high spool accessory drive gear driven by a high rotor shaft, the high rotor shaft concentric around a portion of the low rotor shaft; and a differential gear assembly adapted to offtake power from rotation of one or both of the low spool and the high spool to drive one or more accessory loads,
the differential gear assembly comprising:
one or more idler gears each including a plurality of teeth meshed with the low spool accessory drive gear and the high spool accessory drive gear, and a bearing surface; and
a differential bull gear including a plurality of teeth and a corresponding at least one bearing surface engaging with the bearing surface of each of the one or more idler gears, the plurality of teeth adapted to mesh with an accessory drive system to transfer the power offtake and drive the one or more accessory loads. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the low spool accessory drive gear comprises one of a ring gear assembly and a bull gear. 3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the high spool accessory drive gear comprises the other of the ring gear assembly and the bull gear. 4. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the ring gear assembly includes
a ring gear supported to the low rotor shaft by a first plurality of bearings; and a pinion gear meshed with the ring gear. 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein a fixed central portion of the pinion gear is mounted to a fixed surface of the engine. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein an outer portion of the pinion gear is rotatable about the fixed central portion. 7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the outer portion meshes with the ring gear and the low rotor shaft or the high rotor shaft to drive rotation of the ring gear about the low rotor shaft. 8. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the differential bullgear is supported to the low rotor shaft by a second plurality of bearings. 9. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the low rotor shaft rotates in a first direction and the high rotor shaft rotates in a second direction opposite the first direction. 10. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising an accessory drive shaft as part of the accessory drive system. 11. The assembly of claim 10, wherein the accessory drive shaft comprises a towershaft. 12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein a size of the differential bullgear and a gear ratio of the differential bullgear, relative to the towershaft, are selected to selectively offtake a first portion of power from the low spool and a second portion of power from the high spool to drive a plurality of accessories connected to the towershaft. 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the selective offtake of first and second portions of power continuously maintain a minimum excess power margin on each of the low and high spools. 14. The assembly of claim 13, wherein the selective offtake depends at least in part on instantaneous accessory load and on relative engine speed. 15. A differential gear assembly for a pair of counter rotating concentric drive shafts, the differential gear assembly comprising:
a first idler gear including a plurality of idler teeth adapted to mesh with a first accessory drive gear connected to a first of the concentric drive shafts; and a differential bull gear including a plurality of differential teeth and a corresponding at least one bearing surface engaging with a bearing surface of at least the first idler gears, the plurality of differential teeth adapted to mesh with an accessory drive system to transfer a first power offtake from the first of the concentric drive shafts and a second power offtake from a second of the concentric drive shafts to drive one or more accessory loads. 16. The assembly of claim 15, further comprising a ring gear assembly comprising:
a ring gear supported to the first or second of the concentric drive shaft via a first plurality of bearings; and a pinion gear meshed with the ring gear, the pinion gear including a fixed central portion of the pinion gear mounted to a fixed surface of the engine, and an outer portion of the pinion gear rotatable about the fixed central portion. 17. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the outer portion meshes with the ring gear and the first or second of the concentric drive shafts to drive rotation of the ring gear thereabout. 18. The assembly of claim 15, wherein the differential bullgear is supported to the first or second drive shaft by a second plurality of bearings. 19. The assembly of claim 15, further comprising an accessory drive system, including a towershaft and a plurality of accessories connected thereto. 20. The assembly of claim 15, wherein a size of the differential bullgear and a gear ratio of the differential bullgear, relative to the towershaft, are selected to selectively offtake a first portion of power to continuously maintain a minimum excess power margin on each of the first and second spools. | 3,600 |
348,950 | 16,806,517 | 3,735 | An assembly with a container comprising a sidewall and a recess in the sidewall, the recess comprising a top portion and a bottom portion, and structure that is configured to releasably retain a phone with two ends in the recess. The structure includes a first flexible strap that encircles the bottle and overlies part of the recess, the first strap comprising an integral first receptacle located in or over the recess that is configured to hold one end of the phone, and a second receptacle in or over either the top or bottom portion of the recess and that is configured to hold the other end of the phone. | 1. An assembly, comprising:
a container comprising a sidewall and a recess in the sidewall, the recess comprising a top portion and a bottom portion; and structure that is configured to releasably retain a phone with two ends in the recess, the structure comprising
a first flexible strap that encircles the bottle and overlies part of the recess, the first strap comprising an integral first receptacle located in or over the recess that is configured to hold one end of the phone, and
a second receptacle in or over either the top or bottom portion of the recess and that is configured to hold the other end of the phone. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first strap is configured to be moved up and down along a portion of the height of the bottle. 3. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising a second strap that encircles the bottle and overlies part of the recess, the second strap comprising the second integral receptacle. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the second strap is configured to be moved up and down along a portion of the height of the bottle. 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first strap, the first receptacle, and the second receptacle are pliable. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the first strap, the first receptacle, and the second receptacle are made from an elastomer. 7. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first receptacle comprises a first tapered slot. 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the second receptacle comprises a second tapered slot. 9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the first and second slots are both open to the recess and have an end, and wherein their openings are wider than their ends, such that the slots are inwardly tapered, to present a variable width than can accommodate phones of different thicknesses. 10. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the recess has a width, height and depth that is sufficient to fully encompass a smartphone. 11. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the second receptacle is part of a second strap. 12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the second receptacle is located in the recess. 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the second receptacle is located in the bottom of the recess. 14. The assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of the receptacles comprises a slot having a cutout in a front face of the slot. 15. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the second receptacle is part of a bottom cup-shaped member that fits over a bottom of the container. 16. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising a foldable external stand at a bottom of the container. 17. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the stand is movable from a stowed position to a deployed position. 18. The assembly of claim 17, wherein in the deployed position the stand holds the recess at about a 15 degree angle from vertical. 19. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising a bottom recess proximate a bottom of the container, wherein in the stowed position the stand is located in the bottom recess. 20. An assembly, comprising:
a container comprising a sidewall and a recess in the sidewall, the recess comprising a top portion and a bottom portion; and structure that is configured to releasably retain a phone with two ends in the recess, the structure comprising
a first pliable strap that encircles the bottle, overlies part of the recess, and is configured to be moved up and down along a portion of the height of the bottle, the first strap comprising an integral first pliable receptacle located in or over the recess that is configured to hold one end of the phone, and
a second pliable receptacle in or over either the top or bottom portion of the recess and that is configured to hold the other end of the phone;
wherein at least one of the receptacles comprises a slot having a cutout in a front face of the slot. | An assembly with a container comprising a sidewall and a recess in the sidewall, the recess comprising a top portion and a bottom portion, and structure that is configured to releasably retain a phone with two ends in the recess. The structure includes a first flexible strap that encircles the bottle and overlies part of the recess, the first strap comprising an integral first receptacle located in or over the recess that is configured to hold one end of the phone, and a second receptacle in or over either the top or bottom portion of the recess and that is configured to hold the other end of the phone.1. An assembly, comprising:
a container comprising a sidewall and a recess in the sidewall, the recess comprising a top portion and a bottom portion; and structure that is configured to releasably retain a phone with two ends in the recess, the structure comprising
a first flexible strap that encircles the bottle and overlies part of the recess, the first strap comprising an integral first receptacle located in or over the recess that is configured to hold one end of the phone, and
a second receptacle in or over either the top or bottom portion of the recess and that is configured to hold the other end of the phone. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first strap is configured to be moved up and down along a portion of the height of the bottle. 3. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising a second strap that encircles the bottle and overlies part of the recess, the second strap comprising the second integral receptacle. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the second strap is configured to be moved up and down along a portion of the height of the bottle. 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first strap, the first receptacle, and the second receptacle are pliable. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the first strap, the first receptacle, and the second receptacle are made from an elastomer. 7. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first receptacle comprises a first tapered slot. 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the second receptacle comprises a second tapered slot. 9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the first and second slots are both open to the recess and have an end, and wherein their openings are wider than their ends, such that the slots are inwardly tapered, to present a variable width than can accommodate phones of different thicknesses. 10. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the recess has a width, height and depth that is sufficient to fully encompass a smartphone. 11. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the second receptacle is part of a second strap. 12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the second receptacle is located in the recess. 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the second receptacle is located in the bottom of the recess. 14. The assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of the receptacles comprises a slot having a cutout in a front face of the slot. 15. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the second receptacle is part of a bottom cup-shaped member that fits over a bottom of the container. 16. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising a foldable external stand at a bottom of the container. 17. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the stand is movable from a stowed position to a deployed position. 18. The assembly of claim 17, wherein in the deployed position the stand holds the recess at about a 15 degree angle from vertical. 19. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising a bottom recess proximate a bottom of the container, wherein in the stowed position the stand is located in the bottom recess. 20. An assembly, comprising:
a container comprising a sidewall and a recess in the sidewall, the recess comprising a top portion and a bottom portion; and structure that is configured to releasably retain a phone with two ends in the recess, the structure comprising
a first pliable strap that encircles the bottle, overlies part of the recess, and is configured to be moved up and down along a portion of the height of the bottle, the first strap comprising an integral first pliable receptacle located in or over the recess that is configured to hold one end of the phone, and
a second pliable receptacle in or over either the top or bottom portion of the recess and that is configured to hold the other end of the phone;
wherein at least one of the receptacles comprises a slot having a cutout in a front face of the slot. | 3,700 |
348,951 | 16,806,512 | 2,651 | A button sound processor, including an RF coil, such as an inductance coil, and a sound processing apparatus and a magnet, which can be a permanent magnet, wherein the button sound processor has a skin interface side configured to interface with skin of a recipient, and the button sound processor is configured such that the magnet is installable into the button sound processor from the skin interface side. | 1. A button sound processor, comprising:
an RF coil; a sound processing apparatus; and a magnet, wherein the button sound processor has a skin interface side configured to interface with skin of a recipient, and the button sound processor is configured such that the magnet is installable into the button sound processor from the skin interface side. 2. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the button sound processor includes a battery positioned between the magnet and a side of the button sound processor opposite the side configured to interface with skin. 3. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
a side of the button sound processor opposite the side configured to interface with skin is contiguously jointless. 4. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the magnet is removable from the button sound processor subsequent insertion of the magnet into the button sound processor. 5. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the magnet is turn locked to the button sound processor. 6. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the button sound processor comprises a first housing, the first housing containing the RF coil, a the sound processor apparatus, and a battery, wherein the magnet is external to the first housing. 7. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the button sound processor comprises a first housing, the first housing containing the RF coil and the sound processor apparatus, wherein the magnet is turn locked to the housing at a locking location at least about parallel to the RF coil with respect to an axis of winding of the RF coil and inside a perimeter of the RF coil. 8. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the magnet is contained in a magnet housing apparatus; and the magnet housing apparatus is only visible from the skin interface side. 9. A body piece configured for transcutaneous communication with a component implanted in a recipient, comprising:
an RF coil; and a magnet apparatus, wherein the RF coil is located on a first side of the body piece relative to an opposite side of the body piece, the body piece is configured such that the magnet apparatus is installable into the body piece from the first side, and the body piece is configured such that the magnet apparatus is rotationally lockable in place to the body piece. 10. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the body piece is a head piece for a hearing prosthesis. 11. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the body piece comprises a first housing, the first housing containing the RF coil, wherein the magnet apparatus is turn locked to the housing via a turn lock apparatus having support surfaces that abut one another so hold the magnet apparatus to the first housing against the direction of gravity, which surfaces are located entirely at least about parallel to the RF coil relative to a direction between the first side and the opposite side. 12. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the first side is a skin interface side that consists of (i) a first structure and (ii) a second structure; the first structure is established by a first housing, the first housing containing the RF coil; and the second structure is established by the magnet apparatus. 13. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the body piece is a head piece; and the magnet apparatus has a distinctly different appearance than a housing in which the RF coil is located when the magnet apparatus is fully attached to the housing. 14. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the body piece comprises a first housing containing the RF coil; and the first housing presents a complete barrier between the magnet apparatus and a side of the body piece opposite the first side. 15. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the first side is established by two surfaces respectively established by monolithic structures with respect to those surfaces; and the side of the body piece opposite the first side is established entirely by one surface established by a monolithic structure with respect to that surface. 16. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the first side is established by two monolithic structures with respect to the first side; and the side of the body piece opposite the first side is established entirely by a second monolithic structure with respect to that side. 17. A body piece configured for transcutaneous communication with an implanted component implanted in a recipient, comprising:
a first housing a magnet; and a second housing, wherein the second housing completely envelops the magnet, the second housing forms an outer surface of the body piece, and at least one of:
the first housing completely covers the second housing with respect views of the body piece over 360 degrees of azimuthal angle and at least 100 continuous degrees of polar angle about of the first housing; or
the body piece is configured such that the second housing installable into a receptacle established by the first housing at a skin interface side of the body piece. 18. The body piece of claim 17, wherein:
the first housing completely covers the second housing with respect views of the body piece over 360 degrees of azimuthal angle and at least 170 continuous degrees of polar angle about of the first housing. 19. The body piece of claim 17, wherein:
the body piece is configured such that the second housing is installable into the receptacle established by the first housing at a skin interface side of the body piece. 20. The body piece of claim 21, wherein:
the first housing completely covers the second housing with respect views of the body piece over 360 degrees of azimuthal angle and at least 172 continuous degrees of polar angle about of the first housing. | A button sound processor, including an RF coil, such as an inductance coil, and a sound processing apparatus and a magnet, which can be a permanent magnet, wherein the button sound processor has a skin interface side configured to interface with skin of a recipient, and the button sound processor is configured such that the magnet is installable into the button sound processor from the skin interface side.1. A button sound processor, comprising:
an RF coil; a sound processing apparatus; and a magnet, wherein the button sound processor has a skin interface side configured to interface with skin of a recipient, and the button sound processor is configured such that the magnet is installable into the button sound processor from the skin interface side. 2. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the button sound processor includes a battery positioned between the magnet and a side of the button sound processor opposite the side configured to interface with skin. 3. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
a side of the button sound processor opposite the side configured to interface with skin is contiguously jointless. 4. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the magnet is removable from the button sound processor subsequent insertion of the magnet into the button sound processor. 5. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the magnet is turn locked to the button sound processor. 6. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the button sound processor comprises a first housing, the first housing containing the RF coil, a the sound processor apparatus, and a battery, wherein the magnet is external to the first housing. 7. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the button sound processor comprises a first housing, the first housing containing the RF coil and the sound processor apparatus, wherein the magnet is turn locked to the housing at a locking location at least about parallel to the RF coil with respect to an axis of winding of the RF coil and inside a perimeter of the RF coil. 8. The button sound processor of claim 1, wherein:
the magnet is contained in a magnet housing apparatus; and the magnet housing apparatus is only visible from the skin interface side. 9. A body piece configured for transcutaneous communication with a component implanted in a recipient, comprising:
an RF coil; and a magnet apparatus, wherein the RF coil is located on a first side of the body piece relative to an opposite side of the body piece, the body piece is configured such that the magnet apparatus is installable into the body piece from the first side, and the body piece is configured such that the magnet apparatus is rotationally lockable in place to the body piece. 10. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the body piece is a head piece for a hearing prosthesis. 11. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the body piece comprises a first housing, the first housing containing the RF coil, wherein the magnet apparatus is turn locked to the housing via a turn lock apparatus having support surfaces that abut one another so hold the magnet apparatus to the first housing against the direction of gravity, which surfaces are located entirely at least about parallel to the RF coil relative to a direction between the first side and the opposite side. 12. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the first side is a skin interface side that consists of (i) a first structure and (ii) a second structure; the first structure is established by a first housing, the first housing containing the RF coil; and the second structure is established by the magnet apparatus. 13. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the body piece is a head piece; and the magnet apparatus has a distinctly different appearance than a housing in which the RF coil is located when the magnet apparatus is fully attached to the housing. 14. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the body piece comprises a first housing containing the RF coil; and the first housing presents a complete barrier between the magnet apparatus and a side of the body piece opposite the first side. 15. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the first side is established by two surfaces respectively established by monolithic structures with respect to those surfaces; and the side of the body piece opposite the first side is established entirely by one surface established by a monolithic structure with respect to that surface. 16. The body piece of claim 9, wherein:
the first side is established by two monolithic structures with respect to the first side; and the side of the body piece opposite the first side is established entirely by a second monolithic structure with respect to that side. 17. A body piece configured for transcutaneous communication with an implanted component implanted in a recipient, comprising:
a first housing a magnet; and a second housing, wherein the second housing completely envelops the magnet, the second housing forms an outer surface of the body piece, and at least one of:
the first housing completely covers the second housing with respect views of the body piece over 360 degrees of azimuthal angle and at least 100 continuous degrees of polar angle about of the first housing; or
the body piece is configured such that the second housing installable into a receptacle established by the first housing at a skin interface side of the body piece. 18. The body piece of claim 17, wherein:
the first housing completely covers the second housing with respect views of the body piece over 360 degrees of azimuthal angle and at least 170 continuous degrees of polar angle about of the first housing. 19. The body piece of claim 17, wherein:
the body piece is configured such that the second housing is installable into the receptacle established by the first housing at a skin interface side of the body piece. 20. The body piece of claim 21, wherein:
the first housing completely covers the second housing with respect views of the body piece over 360 degrees of azimuthal angle and at least 172 continuous degrees of polar angle about of the first housing. | 2,600 |
348,952 | 16,806,498 | 2,651 | Described herein are means for implementing cross cloud engagement activity visualization without requiring database merge or data replication. For instance, an exemplary system includes: means for operating a database system communicably interfaced with the system of the host organization; means for operating a virtual entity bridge communicably interfacing the system with a remote cloud platform storing engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign; means for generating a unified GUI to display a plurality of the CRM records at a user computing device; means for surfacing a plurality of related rows from the stored engagement activity data related to one of the plurality of CRM records by automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows; means for populating the unified GUI with the surfaced plurality of rows; and means for transmitting the unified GUI to the user computing device for display. | 1. A method performed by a system having at least a processor and a memory therein executing within a host organization, wherein the method comprises:
operating a database system communicably interfaced with the system of the host organization, wherein the database system stores Customer Relationship Management (CRM) records on behalf of a plurality of customer organizations which subscribe to cloud computing services from the host organization; executing instructions via the processor of the system for operating a virtual entity bridge at the host organization communicably interfacing the system with a remote cloud platform storing engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations; generating a unified Graphical User Interface (GUI) to display a plurality of the CRM records at a user computing device; surfacing a plurality of related rows from the stored engagement activity data related to one of the plurality of CRM records by automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows; populating the unified GUI with the surfaced plurality of rows; and transmitting the unified GUI to the user computing device for display, wherein the unified GUI displays the plurality of the CRM records at the user computing device and responsively displays the surfaced plurality of rows at the user computing device responsive to a selection of one of the plurality of the CRM records via the unified GUI displayed to the user computing device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the system is configurable to perform the method by executing instructions for displaying marketing engagement data specific to one of the plurality of the CRM records to the user computing device without syncing or integrating any of the marketing engagement data stored by the remote cloud platform into the database system storing the CRM records. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
authenticating with the remote cloud platform by passing a UserID uniquely identifying a user having authenticated with the host organization via the user computing device and an OrgID uniquely identifying the customer organization of the host organization with whom the UserID is associated. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining a related apps list defining a list of applications having authorization to query for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform; maintaining a users list correlating User IDs and OrgIDs managed by the host organization with tenant IDs managed by the remote cloud platform; and wherein any query from the host organization for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform is restricted to accessing only data associated with a single tenant ID managed by the remote cloud platform based on the users list. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
passing a userID or OrgID, or both, from the host organization to the remote cloud platform with the automatic query to the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge; wherein the remote cloud platform identifies a single database slice or a single database shard having the requested plurality of related rows representing the interactions of potential customers with the marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations based on the userID or the OrgID passed with the automatic query; and wherein the remote cloud platform retrieves the requested plurality of related rows from a marketing database system operated by the remote cloud platform by issuing a query restricted to only the identified single database slice or the identified single database shard. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations tracks one or more of:
interactions with a marketing campaign landing page linked to a specific contact stored within the plurality of CRM records; viewing or opening of an email originating a marketing campaign by one of the customer organizations linked to a specific sales lead record or a sales contact record; and viewing or submission of a form associated with the marketing campaign by one of the customer organizations linked to a specific sales lead record or a sales contact record. 7. The method of claim 1:
wherein the remote cloud platform executes a public “REpresentational State Transfer” (“REST”) API to receive the automatic query from the host organization over a public Internet. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing a queryable virtual entity for the stored engagement activity data within the database system of the host organization, wherein the queryable virtual entity is void of any of the stored engagement activity data; and wherein automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows comprises issuing a query to the queryable virtual entity within the database system of the host organization; and wherein the virtual entity bridge forwards the query to the public REST API of the remote cloud platform requesting the plurality of related rows from the remote cloud platform; and returning the plurality of related rows to an originating application having issued the query to the queryable virtual entity within the database system of the host organization. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote cloud platform operates a multi-tenant database system for persistently storing the engagement activity data. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote cloud platform implements a Pardot marketing automation platform providing marketing campaign analytics and tracking of the engagement activity data stored by the remote cloud platform. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote cloud platform persistently stores the engagement activity data via one of:
an Amazon Web Services (AWS) public computing cloud accessible to the virtual entity bridge of the host organization; an AWS Direct Connect privately leased computing cloud accessible to the virtual entity bridge of the host organization; a Microsoft Azure public computing cloud accessible to the virtual entity bridge of the host organization; and an Azure ExpressRoute privately leased computing cloud accessible to the virtual entity bridge of the host organization. 12. Non-transitory computer readable storage media having instructions stored thereupon that, when executed by a system of a host organization having at least a processor and a memory therein, the instructions cause the system to perform operations including:
operating a database system communicably interfaced with the system of the host organization, wherein the database system stores Customer Relationship Management (CRM) records on behalf of a plurality of customer organizations which subscribe to cloud computing services from the host organization; executing instructions via the processor of the system for operating a virtual entity bridge at the host organization communicably interfacing the system with a remote cloud platform storing engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations; generating a unified Graphical User Interface (GUI) to display a plurality of the CRM records at a user computing device; surfacing a plurality of related rows from the stored engagement activity data related to one of the plurality of CRM records by automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows; populating the unified GUI with the surfaced plurality of rows; and transmitting the unified GUI to the user computing device for display, wherein the unified GUI displays the plurality of the CRM records at the user computing device and responsively displays the surfaced plurality of rows at the user computing device responsive to a selection of one of the plurality of the CRM records via the unified GUI displayed to the user computing device. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the process of the system, cause the system to perform operations further including:
authenticating with the remote cloud platform by passing a UserID uniquely identifying a user having authenticated with the host organization via the user computing device and an OrgID uniquely identifying the customer organization of the host organization with whom the UserID is associated. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the process of the system, cause the system to perform operations further including:
maintaining a related apps list defining a list of applications having authorization to query for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform; maintaining a users list correlating User IDs and OrgIDs managed by the host organization with tenant IDs managed by the remote cloud platform; and wherein any query from the host organization for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform is restricted to accessing only data associated with a single tenant ID managed by the remote cloud platform based on the users list. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the process of the system, cause the system to perform operations further including:
passing a userID or OrgID, or both, from the host organization to the remote cloud platform with the automatic query to the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge; wherein the remote cloud platform identifies a single database slice or a single database shard having the requested plurality of related rows representing the interactions of potential customers with the marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations based on the userID or the OrgID passed with the automatic query; and wherein the remote cloud platform retrieves the requested plurality of related rows from a marketing database system operated by the remote cloud platform by issuing a query restricted to only the identified single database slice or the identified single database shard. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12, wherein the engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations tracks one or more of:
interactions with a marketing campaign landing page linked to a specific contact stored within the plurality of CRM records; viewing or opening of an email originating a marketing campaign by one of the customer organizations linked to a specific sales lead record or a sales contact record; and viewing or submission of a form associated with the marketing campaign by one of the customer organizations linked to a specific sales lead record or a sales contact record. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12:
wherein the remote cloud platform executes a public “REpresentational State Transfer” (“REST”) API to receive the automatic query from the host organization over a public Internet. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the process of the system, cause the system to perform operations further including:
storing a queryable virtual entity for the stored engagement activity data within the database system of the host organization, wherein the queryable virtual entity is void of any of the stored engagement activity data; and wherein automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows comprises issuing a query to the queryable virtual entity within the database system of the host organization; and wherein the virtual entity bridge forwards the query to the public REST API of the remote cloud platform requesting the plurality of related rows from the remote cloud platform; and returning the plurality of related rows to an originating application having issued the query to the queryable virtual entity within the database system of the host organization. 19. A system to execute at a host organization, wherein the system comprises:
a memory to store instructions; a processor to execute instructions; wherein the system is configurable to execute the instructions via the processor to carry out operations including: operating a database system communicably interfaced with the system of the host organization, wherein the database system stores Customer Relationship Management (CRM) records on behalf of a plurality of customer organizations which subscribe to cloud computing services from the host organization; executing instructions via the processor of the system for operating a virtual entity bridge at the host organization communicably interfacing the system with a remote cloud platform storing engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations; generating a unified Graphical User Interface (GUI) to display a plurality of the CRM records at a user computing device; surfacing a plurality of related rows from the stored engagement activity data related to one of the plurality of CRM records by automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows; populating the unified GUI with the surfaced plurality of rows; and transmitting the unified GUI to the user computing device for display, wherein the unified GUI displays the plurality of the CRM records at the user computing device and responsively displays the surfaced plurality of rows at the user computing device responsive to a selection of one of the plurality of the CRM records via the unified GUI displayed to the user computing device. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the system is further configured to:
maintain a related apps list defining a list of applications having authorization to query for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform; maintain a users list correlating User IDs and OrgIDs managed by the host organization with tenant IDs managed by the remote cloud platform; and wherein any query from the host organization for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform is restricted to accessing only data associated with a single tenant ID managed by the remote cloud platform based on the users list. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the system is further configured to:
pass a userID or OrgID, or both, from the host organization to the remote cloud platform with the automatic query to the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge; wherein the remote cloud platform identifies a single database slice or a single database shard having the requested plurality of related rows representing the interactions of potential customers with the marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations based on the userID or the OrgID passed with the automatic query; and wherein the remote cloud platform retrieves the requested plurality of related rows from a marketing database system operated by the remote cloud platform by issuing a query restricted to only the identified single database slice or the identified single database shard. | Described herein are means for implementing cross cloud engagement activity visualization without requiring database merge or data replication. For instance, an exemplary system includes: means for operating a database system communicably interfaced with the system of the host organization; means for operating a virtual entity bridge communicably interfacing the system with a remote cloud platform storing engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign; means for generating a unified GUI to display a plurality of the CRM records at a user computing device; means for surfacing a plurality of related rows from the stored engagement activity data related to one of the plurality of CRM records by automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows; means for populating the unified GUI with the surfaced plurality of rows; and means for transmitting the unified GUI to the user computing device for display.1. A method performed by a system having at least a processor and a memory therein executing within a host organization, wherein the method comprises:
operating a database system communicably interfaced with the system of the host organization, wherein the database system stores Customer Relationship Management (CRM) records on behalf of a plurality of customer organizations which subscribe to cloud computing services from the host organization; executing instructions via the processor of the system for operating a virtual entity bridge at the host organization communicably interfacing the system with a remote cloud platform storing engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations; generating a unified Graphical User Interface (GUI) to display a plurality of the CRM records at a user computing device; surfacing a plurality of related rows from the stored engagement activity data related to one of the plurality of CRM records by automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows; populating the unified GUI with the surfaced plurality of rows; and transmitting the unified GUI to the user computing device for display, wherein the unified GUI displays the plurality of the CRM records at the user computing device and responsively displays the surfaced plurality of rows at the user computing device responsive to a selection of one of the plurality of the CRM records via the unified GUI displayed to the user computing device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the system is configurable to perform the method by executing instructions for displaying marketing engagement data specific to one of the plurality of the CRM records to the user computing device without syncing or integrating any of the marketing engagement data stored by the remote cloud platform into the database system storing the CRM records. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
authenticating with the remote cloud platform by passing a UserID uniquely identifying a user having authenticated with the host organization via the user computing device and an OrgID uniquely identifying the customer organization of the host organization with whom the UserID is associated. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining a related apps list defining a list of applications having authorization to query for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform; maintaining a users list correlating User IDs and OrgIDs managed by the host organization with tenant IDs managed by the remote cloud platform; and wherein any query from the host organization for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform is restricted to accessing only data associated with a single tenant ID managed by the remote cloud platform based on the users list. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
passing a userID or OrgID, or both, from the host organization to the remote cloud platform with the automatic query to the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge; wherein the remote cloud platform identifies a single database slice or a single database shard having the requested plurality of related rows representing the interactions of potential customers with the marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations based on the userID or the OrgID passed with the automatic query; and wherein the remote cloud platform retrieves the requested plurality of related rows from a marketing database system operated by the remote cloud platform by issuing a query restricted to only the identified single database slice or the identified single database shard. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations tracks one or more of:
interactions with a marketing campaign landing page linked to a specific contact stored within the plurality of CRM records; viewing or opening of an email originating a marketing campaign by one of the customer organizations linked to a specific sales lead record or a sales contact record; and viewing or submission of a form associated with the marketing campaign by one of the customer organizations linked to a specific sales lead record or a sales contact record. 7. The method of claim 1:
wherein the remote cloud platform executes a public “REpresentational State Transfer” (“REST”) API to receive the automatic query from the host organization over a public Internet. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing a queryable virtual entity for the stored engagement activity data within the database system of the host organization, wherein the queryable virtual entity is void of any of the stored engagement activity data; and wherein automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows comprises issuing a query to the queryable virtual entity within the database system of the host organization; and wherein the virtual entity bridge forwards the query to the public REST API of the remote cloud platform requesting the plurality of related rows from the remote cloud platform; and returning the plurality of related rows to an originating application having issued the query to the queryable virtual entity within the database system of the host organization. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote cloud platform operates a multi-tenant database system for persistently storing the engagement activity data. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote cloud platform implements a Pardot marketing automation platform providing marketing campaign analytics and tracking of the engagement activity data stored by the remote cloud platform. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote cloud platform persistently stores the engagement activity data via one of:
an Amazon Web Services (AWS) public computing cloud accessible to the virtual entity bridge of the host organization; an AWS Direct Connect privately leased computing cloud accessible to the virtual entity bridge of the host organization; a Microsoft Azure public computing cloud accessible to the virtual entity bridge of the host organization; and an Azure ExpressRoute privately leased computing cloud accessible to the virtual entity bridge of the host organization. 12. Non-transitory computer readable storage media having instructions stored thereupon that, when executed by a system of a host organization having at least a processor and a memory therein, the instructions cause the system to perform operations including:
operating a database system communicably interfaced with the system of the host organization, wherein the database system stores Customer Relationship Management (CRM) records on behalf of a plurality of customer organizations which subscribe to cloud computing services from the host organization; executing instructions via the processor of the system for operating a virtual entity bridge at the host organization communicably interfacing the system with a remote cloud platform storing engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations; generating a unified Graphical User Interface (GUI) to display a plurality of the CRM records at a user computing device; surfacing a plurality of related rows from the stored engagement activity data related to one of the plurality of CRM records by automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows; populating the unified GUI with the surfaced plurality of rows; and transmitting the unified GUI to the user computing device for display, wherein the unified GUI displays the plurality of the CRM records at the user computing device and responsively displays the surfaced plurality of rows at the user computing device responsive to a selection of one of the plurality of the CRM records via the unified GUI displayed to the user computing device. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the process of the system, cause the system to perform operations further including:
authenticating with the remote cloud platform by passing a UserID uniquely identifying a user having authenticated with the host organization via the user computing device and an OrgID uniquely identifying the customer organization of the host organization with whom the UserID is associated. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the process of the system, cause the system to perform operations further including:
maintaining a related apps list defining a list of applications having authorization to query for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform; maintaining a users list correlating User IDs and OrgIDs managed by the host organization with tenant IDs managed by the remote cloud platform; and wherein any query from the host organization for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform is restricted to accessing only data associated with a single tenant ID managed by the remote cloud platform based on the users list. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the process of the system, cause the system to perform operations further including:
passing a userID or OrgID, or both, from the host organization to the remote cloud platform with the automatic query to the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge; wherein the remote cloud platform identifies a single database slice or a single database shard having the requested plurality of related rows representing the interactions of potential customers with the marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations based on the userID or the OrgID passed with the automatic query; and wherein the remote cloud platform retrieves the requested plurality of related rows from a marketing database system operated by the remote cloud platform by issuing a query restricted to only the identified single database slice or the identified single database shard. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12, wherein the engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations tracks one or more of:
interactions with a marketing campaign landing page linked to a specific contact stored within the plurality of CRM records; viewing or opening of an email originating a marketing campaign by one of the customer organizations linked to a specific sales lead record or a sales contact record; and viewing or submission of a form associated with the marketing campaign by one of the customer organizations linked to a specific sales lead record or a sales contact record. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12:
wherein the remote cloud platform executes a public “REpresentational State Transfer” (“REST”) API to receive the automatic query from the host organization over a public Internet. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the process of the system, cause the system to perform operations further including:
storing a queryable virtual entity for the stored engagement activity data within the database system of the host organization, wherein the queryable virtual entity is void of any of the stored engagement activity data; and wherein automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows comprises issuing a query to the queryable virtual entity within the database system of the host organization; and wherein the virtual entity bridge forwards the query to the public REST API of the remote cloud platform requesting the plurality of related rows from the remote cloud platform; and returning the plurality of related rows to an originating application having issued the query to the queryable virtual entity within the database system of the host organization. 19. A system to execute at a host organization, wherein the system comprises:
a memory to store instructions; a processor to execute instructions; wherein the system is configurable to execute the instructions via the processor to carry out operations including: operating a database system communicably interfaced with the system of the host organization, wherein the database system stores Customer Relationship Management (CRM) records on behalf of a plurality of customer organizations which subscribe to cloud computing services from the host organization; executing instructions via the processor of the system for operating a virtual entity bridge at the host organization communicably interfacing the system with a remote cloud platform storing engagement activity data representing interactions of potential customers with a marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations; generating a unified Graphical User Interface (GUI) to display a plurality of the CRM records at a user computing device; surfacing a plurality of related rows from the stored engagement activity data related to one of the plurality of CRM records by automatically querying the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge for the plurality of related rows; populating the unified GUI with the surfaced plurality of rows; and transmitting the unified GUI to the user computing device for display, wherein the unified GUI displays the plurality of the CRM records at the user computing device and responsively displays the surfaced plurality of rows at the user computing device responsive to a selection of one of the plurality of the CRM records via the unified GUI displayed to the user computing device. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the system is further configured to:
maintain a related apps list defining a list of applications having authorization to query for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform; maintain a users list correlating User IDs and OrgIDs managed by the host organization with tenant IDs managed by the remote cloud platform; and wherein any query from the host organization for the engagement activity data stored at the remote cloud platform is restricted to accessing only data associated with a single tenant ID managed by the remote cloud platform based on the users list. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the system is further configured to:
pass a userID or OrgID, or both, from the host organization to the remote cloud platform with the automatic query to the remote cloud platform via the virtual entity bridge; wherein the remote cloud platform identifies a single database slice or a single database shard having the requested plurality of related rows representing the interactions of potential customers with the marketing campaign by one of the plurality of host organizations based on the userID or the OrgID passed with the automatic query; and wherein the remote cloud platform retrieves the requested plurality of related rows from a marketing database system operated by the remote cloud platform by issuing a query restricted to only the identified single database slice or the identified single database shard. | 2,600 |
348,953 | 16,806,509 | 2,651 | Ultraviolet radiation is directed within an area. The storage area is scanned and monitored for the presence of biological activity within designated zones. Once biological activity is identified, ultraviolet radiation is directed to sterilize and disinfect designated zones within the storage area. | 1. A system comprising:
a set of ultraviolet radiation sources configured to generate ultraviolet radiation directed within a storage area, wherein at least one ultraviolet radiation source in the set of ultraviolet radiation sources emits UV-C ultraviolet radiation; a visual camera; an alarm component; and a monitoring and control system configured to:
monitor at least one of: the storage area or the set of items located in the storage area by:
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a first time for a first density of a set of microorganisms;
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a second time for a second density of the set of microorganisms, wherein scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area includes:
delivering radiation within the storage area;
detecting a fluorescence signature of the set of microorganisms within the storage area using the visual camera; and
determining the density of the set of microorganisms using the fluorescence signature; and
comparing the first density and the second density;
control ultraviolet radiation generated by the set of ultraviolet radiation sources based on the monitoring by delivering a targeted ultraviolet radiation to at least one designated zone within the storage area; and
generate an alarm using the alarm component in response to at least one of: an amount of ultraviolet radiation delivered within the storage area during one or more iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum or a number of iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum number of iterations. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of ultraviolet radiation sources includes at least two ultraviolet radiation sources that emit ultraviolet radiation with different peak wavelengths. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one ultraviolet radiation source in the set of ultraviolet radiation sources emits UV-A ultraviolet radiation. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring and control system adjusts a wavelength of the targeted ultraviolet radiation based on the set of microorganisms. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the targeted ultraviolet radiation is delivered using one of a plurality of operating configurations. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one ultraviolet radiation source in the set of ultraviolet radiation sources emits ultraviolet radiation having a peak wavelength between 270 nanometers and 300 nanometers. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a catalyst located within the storage area, wherein the catalyst enhances suppression of biological activity using the targeted ultraviolet radiation. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the catalyst comprises titanium dioxide. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a component configured to control at least one environmental condition of the storage area, wherein the at least one environmental condition includes at least one of: a temperature, a humidity, a gas convection, or a fluid convection. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for managing is further capable of:
monitoring the storage area for a presence of ethylene gas; and generating an alarm in response to the presence of ethylene gas exceeding a threshold value. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the monitoring the storage area for the presence of ethylene gas includes:
emitting ultraviolet radiation at a target wavelength; detecting ultraviolet radiation at the target wavelength; and determining, based on the emitting and the detecting, an amount of ethylene gas produced by the set of items within the storage area. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for managing is further capable of:
scanning the storage area at a third time for a third density of the set of microorganisms; comparing the second density and the third density; and adjusting the ultraviolet radiation based on the comparing. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for managing is further capable of generating an alarm in response to a presence of the set of microorganisms. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for managing is further capable of controlling at least one of: a target time scheduling and a target radiation direction for the set of ultraviolet radiation sources. 15. A food storage device comprising:
a storage area configured to store at least one perishable food item; a set of ultraviolet radiation sources configured to generate ultraviolet radiation directed within the storage area; a visual camera; an alarm component; and a monitoring and control system configured to:
monitor at least one of: the storage area or a set of items located in the storage area by:
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a first time for a first density of a set of microorganisms;
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a second time for a second density of the set of microorganisms, wherein scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area includes:
delivering radiation within the storage area;
detecting a fluorescence signature of the set of microorganisms within the storage area using the visual camera; and
determining the density of the set of microorganisms using the fluorescence signature; and
comparing the first density and the second density;
control ultraviolet radiation generated by the set of ultraviolet radiation sources based on the monitoring by delivering a targeted ultraviolet radiation to at least one designated zone within the storage area, wherein the delivering includes operating at least one ultraviolet radiation source in the set of ultraviolet radiation sources in one of: a sterilization operating configuration or a preservation operating configuration; and
generate an alarm using the alarm component in response to at least one of: an amount of ultraviolet radiation delivered within the storage area during one or more iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum or a number of iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum number of iterations. 16. The storage device of claim 15, wherein the means for managing is further capable of:
monitoring the storage area for a presence of ethylene gas; and generating an alarm using an alarm component in response to the presence of ethylene gas exceeding a threshold value. 17. The storage device of claim 16, wherein the monitoring the storage area for the presence of ethylene gas includes:
emitting ultraviolet radiation at a target wavelength; detecting ultraviolet radiation at the target wavelength; and determining, based on the emitting and the detecting, an amount of ethylene gas produced by the set of items within the storage area. 18. The storage device of claim 15, wherein the means for managing is further capable of:
scanning the storage area at a third time for a third density of the set of microorganisms; comparing the second density and the third density; and adjusting the ultraviolet radiation based on the comparison. 19. A refrigeration device comprising:
a storage area configured to store at least one refrigerated item; a component configured to control at least one environmental condition of the storage area, wherein the at least one environmental condition includes at least one of: a temperature, a humidity, a gas convection, or a fluid convection; set of ultraviolet radiation sources configured to generate ultraviolet radiation directed within the storage area; a visual camera; an alarm component; and a monitoring and control system configured to:
monitor at least one of: the storage area or a set of items located in the storage area by:
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a first time for a first density of a set of microorganisms;
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a second time for a second density of the set of microorganisms, wherein scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area includes:
delivering radiation within the storage area;
detecting a fluorescence signature of the set of microorganisms within the storage area using the visual camera; and
determining the density of the set of microorganisms using the fluorescence signature; and
comparing the first density and the second density;
control ultraviolet radiation generated by the set of ultraviolet radiation sources based on the monitoring by delivering a targeted ultraviolet radiation to at least one designated zone within the storage area, wherein the delivering includes operating at least one ultraviolet radiation source in the set of ultraviolet radiation sources in one of: a sterilization operating configuration or a preservation operating configuration; and
generate an alarm using the alarm component in response to at least one of: an amount of ultraviolet radiation delivered within the storage area during one or more iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum or a number of iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum number of iterations. 20. The device of claim 19, further comprising a catalyst located within the storage area, wherein the catalyst enhances suppression of biological activity using the targeted ultraviolet radiation. | Ultraviolet radiation is directed within an area. The storage area is scanned and monitored for the presence of biological activity within designated zones. Once biological activity is identified, ultraviolet radiation is directed to sterilize and disinfect designated zones within the storage area.1. A system comprising:
a set of ultraviolet radiation sources configured to generate ultraviolet radiation directed within a storage area, wherein at least one ultraviolet radiation source in the set of ultraviolet radiation sources emits UV-C ultraviolet radiation; a visual camera; an alarm component; and a monitoring and control system configured to:
monitor at least one of: the storage area or the set of items located in the storage area by:
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a first time for a first density of a set of microorganisms;
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a second time for a second density of the set of microorganisms, wherein scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area includes:
delivering radiation within the storage area;
detecting a fluorescence signature of the set of microorganisms within the storage area using the visual camera; and
determining the density of the set of microorganisms using the fluorescence signature; and
comparing the first density and the second density;
control ultraviolet radiation generated by the set of ultraviolet radiation sources based on the monitoring by delivering a targeted ultraviolet radiation to at least one designated zone within the storage area; and
generate an alarm using the alarm component in response to at least one of: an amount of ultraviolet radiation delivered within the storage area during one or more iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum or a number of iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum number of iterations. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of ultraviolet radiation sources includes at least two ultraviolet radiation sources that emit ultraviolet radiation with different peak wavelengths. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one ultraviolet radiation source in the set of ultraviolet radiation sources emits UV-A ultraviolet radiation. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring and control system adjusts a wavelength of the targeted ultraviolet radiation based on the set of microorganisms. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the targeted ultraviolet radiation is delivered using one of a plurality of operating configurations. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one ultraviolet radiation source in the set of ultraviolet radiation sources emits ultraviolet radiation having a peak wavelength between 270 nanometers and 300 nanometers. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a catalyst located within the storage area, wherein the catalyst enhances suppression of biological activity using the targeted ultraviolet radiation. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the catalyst comprises titanium dioxide. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a component configured to control at least one environmental condition of the storage area, wherein the at least one environmental condition includes at least one of: a temperature, a humidity, a gas convection, or a fluid convection. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for managing is further capable of:
monitoring the storage area for a presence of ethylene gas; and generating an alarm in response to the presence of ethylene gas exceeding a threshold value. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the monitoring the storage area for the presence of ethylene gas includes:
emitting ultraviolet radiation at a target wavelength; detecting ultraviolet radiation at the target wavelength; and determining, based on the emitting and the detecting, an amount of ethylene gas produced by the set of items within the storage area. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for managing is further capable of:
scanning the storage area at a third time for a third density of the set of microorganisms; comparing the second density and the third density; and adjusting the ultraviolet radiation based on the comparing. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for managing is further capable of generating an alarm in response to a presence of the set of microorganisms. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the means for managing is further capable of controlling at least one of: a target time scheduling and a target radiation direction for the set of ultraviolet radiation sources. 15. A food storage device comprising:
a storage area configured to store at least one perishable food item; a set of ultraviolet radiation sources configured to generate ultraviolet radiation directed within the storage area; a visual camera; an alarm component; and a monitoring and control system configured to:
monitor at least one of: the storage area or a set of items located in the storage area by:
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a first time for a first density of a set of microorganisms;
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a second time for a second density of the set of microorganisms, wherein scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area includes:
delivering radiation within the storage area;
detecting a fluorescence signature of the set of microorganisms within the storage area using the visual camera; and
determining the density of the set of microorganisms using the fluorescence signature; and
comparing the first density and the second density;
control ultraviolet radiation generated by the set of ultraviolet radiation sources based on the monitoring by delivering a targeted ultraviolet radiation to at least one designated zone within the storage area, wherein the delivering includes operating at least one ultraviolet radiation source in the set of ultraviolet radiation sources in one of: a sterilization operating configuration or a preservation operating configuration; and
generate an alarm using the alarm component in response to at least one of: an amount of ultraviolet radiation delivered within the storage area during one or more iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum or a number of iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum number of iterations. 16. The storage device of claim 15, wherein the means for managing is further capable of:
monitoring the storage area for a presence of ethylene gas; and generating an alarm using an alarm component in response to the presence of ethylene gas exceeding a threshold value. 17. The storage device of claim 16, wherein the monitoring the storage area for the presence of ethylene gas includes:
emitting ultraviolet radiation at a target wavelength; detecting ultraviolet radiation at the target wavelength; and determining, based on the emitting and the detecting, an amount of ethylene gas produced by the set of items within the storage area. 18. The storage device of claim 15, wherein the means for managing is further capable of:
scanning the storage area at a third time for a third density of the set of microorganisms; comparing the second density and the third density; and adjusting the ultraviolet radiation based on the comparison. 19. A refrigeration device comprising:
a storage area configured to store at least one refrigerated item; a component configured to control at least one environmental condition of the storage area, wherein the at least one environmental condition includes at least one of: a temperature, a humidity, a gas convection, or a fluid convection; set of ultraviolet radiation sources configured to generate ultraviolet radiation directed within the storage area; a visual camera; an alarm component; and a monitoring and control system configured to:
monitor at least one of: the storage area or a set of items located in the storage area by:
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a first time for a first density of a set of microorganisms;
scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area at a second time for a second density of the set of microorganisms, wherein scanning the storage area and the set of items located in the storage area includes:
delivering radiation within the storage area;
detecting a fluorescence signature of the set of microorganisms within the storage area using the visual camera; and
determining the density of the set of microorganisms using the fluorescence signature; and
comparing the first density and the second density;
control ultraviolet radiation generated by the set of ultraviolet radiation sources based on the monitoring by delivering a targeted ultraviolet radiation to at least one designated zone within the storage area, wherein the delivering includes operating at least one ultraviolet radiation source in the set of ultraviolet radiation sources in one of: a sterilization operating configuration or a preservation operating configuration; and
generate an alarm using the alarm component in response to at least one of: an amount of ultraviolet radiation delivered within the storage area during one or more iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum or a number of iterations of delivering ultraviolet radiation in response to biological activity within the storage area exceeding a maximum number of iterations. 20. The device of claim 19, further comprising a catalyst located within the storage area, wherein the catalyst enhances suppression of biological activity using the targeted ultraviolet radiation. | 2,600 |
348,954 | 16,806,513 | 2,651 | A battery pack assembly includes a battery pack, a first elongated terminal connector, a second elongated terminal connector, and a biasing member. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells each having a terminal. The first elongated terminal having a plurality of first recesses. The second elongated terminal having plurality of second recesses. The first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector movable between an engaged position and a disengaged position. The biasing member extends between the first elongated terminal and the second elongated terminal, and the biasing member biases the first elongated terminal and the second elongated terminal towards the engaged position. In the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the terminals of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the terminals of the plurality of battery cells. | 1. A battery pack assembly comprising:
a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell comprising at least one terminal; a first elongated terminal connector having a plurality of first recesses; a second elongated terminal connector having a plurality of second recesses, the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector moveable between an engaged position and a disengaged position; and a biasing member extending between the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector, the biasing member biases the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector towards the engaged position, in the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells, and in the disengaged position, the plurality of first recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells. 2. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector are removable from the battery pack in the disengaged position. 3. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses corresponds to a shape of a first side of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells; and each of the plurality of second recesses corresponds to a shape of a second side opposite the first side of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells. 4. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a first collar portion and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a second collar portion, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a flange extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position the flange of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the first collar portion of the plurality of first recesses and the second collar portion of the plurality of second recesses. 5. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a first notch and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a second notch, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a pair of protrusions extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position one of the pair of protrusions of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the first notch of the plurality of first recesses and the other of the pair of protrusions is received within the second notch of the plurality of second recesses. 6. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a pair of first slots and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a pair of second slots, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a pair of ribs extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position a first portion of the pair of ribs of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the pair of first slots of the plurality of first recesses and a second portion of the pair of ribs is received within the pair of second slots of the plurality of second recesses. 7. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein the biasing member is a plurality of tension springs. 8. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one terminal includes a pair of terminals, and in the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses of the first elongated terminal connector engages with one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses of the second elongated terminal connector engages with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells. 9. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one terminal includes a pair of terminals, and
wherein the battery pack assembly further comprises: a third elongated terminal connector having a plurality of third recesses; a fourth elongated terminal connector having a plurality of fourth recesses, the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector movable between an engaged position and a disengaged position; and a secondary biasing member extending between the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector, the secondary biasing member biases the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector towards the engaged position, in the engaged position, the plurality of third recesses are engaged with one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of fourth recesses are engaged with the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and in the disengaged position, the plurality of third recesses are disengaged from the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of fourth recesses are disengaged from the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of first recesses are disengaged from the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of second recesses are disengaged from the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells. 10. A vehicle comprising:
a battery pack positioned within the vehicle, the battery pack having a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell comprising at least one terminal; a first elongated terminal connector having a plurality of first recesses; a second elongated terminal connector having a plurality of second recesses, the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector moveable between an engaged position and a disengaged position; and a biasing member extending between the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector, the biasing member biases the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector towards the engaged position, in the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells, and in the disengaged position, the plurality of first recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells. 11. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector are removable from the battery pack in the disengaged position. 12. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses corresponds to a shape of a first side of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells; and each of the plurality of second recesses corresponds to a shape of a second side opposite the first side of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells. 13. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a first collar portion and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a second collar portion, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a flange extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position the flange of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the first collar portion of the plurality of first recesses and the second collar portion of the plurality of second recesses. 14. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a first notch and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a second notch, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a pair of protrusions extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position one of the pair of protrusions of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the first notch of the plurality of first recesses and the other of the pair of protrusions is received within the second notch of the plurality of second recesses. 15. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a pair of first slots and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a pair of second slots, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a pair of ribs extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position a first portion of the pair of ribs of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the pair of first slots of the plurality of first recesses and a second portion of the pair of ribs is received within the pair of second slots of the plurality of second recesses. 16. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the biasing member is a plurality of tension springs. 17. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the at least one terminal includes a pair of terminals, and in the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses of the first elongated terminal connector engages with one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses of the second elongated terminal connector engages with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells. 18. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the at least one terminal includes a pair of terminals, and
wherein the battery pack further comprises: a third elongated terminal connector having a plurality of third recesses; a fourth elongated terminal connector having a plurality of fourth recesses, the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector movable between an engaged position and a disengaged position; and a secondary biasing member extending between the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector, the secondary biasing member biases the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector towards the engaged position, in the engaged position, the plurality of third recesses are engaged with one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of fourth recesses are engaged with the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and in the disengaged position, the plurality of third recesses are disengaged from the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of fourth recesses are disengaged from the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of first recesses are disengaged from the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of second recesses are disengaged from the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells. 19. A method of removing an individual battery cell from a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell having at least one terminal, the method comprising:
removing a fastener from a first elongated terminal connector and a second elongated terminal connector, the fastener securing the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector to the battery pack, the first elongated terminal connector having a plurality of first recesses, the second elongated terminal connector having a plurality of second recesses; displacing the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector from an engaged position to a disengaged position against a biasing force of a biasing member extending between the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector; removing the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector from the battery pack in a first direction; and removing the individual battery cell from the battery pack in the first direction. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein in the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells, and
in the disengaged position, the plurality of first recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells. | A battery pack assembly includes a battery pack, a first elongated terminal connector, a second elongated terminal connector, and a biasing member. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells each having a terminal. The first elongated terminal having a plurality of first recesses. The second elongated terminal having plurality of second recesses. The first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector movable between an engaged position and a disengaged position. The biasing member extends between the first elongated terminal and the second elongated terminal, and the biasing member biases the first elongated terminal and the second elongated terminal towards the engaged position. In the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the terminals of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the terminals of the plurality of battery cells.1. A battery pack assembly comprising:
a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell comprising at least one terminal; a first elongated terminal connector having a plurality of first recesses; a second elongated terminal connector having a plurality of second recesses, the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector moveable between an engaged position and a disengaged position; and a biasing member extending between the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector, the biasing member biases the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector towards the engaged position, in the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells, and in the disengaged position, the plurality of first recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells. 2. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector are removable from the battery pack in the disengaged position. 3. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses corresponds to a shape of a first side of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells; and each of the plurality of second recesses corresponds to a shape of a second side opposite the first side of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells. 4. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a first collar portion and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a second collar portion, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a flange extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position the flange of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the first collar portion of the plurality of first recesses and the second collar portion of the plurality of second recesses. 5. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a first notch and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a second notch, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a pair of protrusions extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position one of the pair of protrusions of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the first notch of the plurality of first recesses and the other of the pair of protrusions is received within the second notch of the plurality of second recesses. 6. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a pair of first slots and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a pair of second slots, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a pair of ribs extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position a first portion of the pair of ribs of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the pair of first slots of the plurality of first recesses and a second portion of the pair of ribs is received within the pair of second slots of the plurality of second recesses. 7. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein the biasing member is a plurality of tension springs. 8. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one terminal includes a pair of terminals, and in the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses of the first elongated terminal connector engages with one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses of the second elongated terminal connector engages with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells. 9. The battery pack assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one terminal includes a pair of terminals, and
wherein the battery pack assembly further comprises: a third elongated terminal connector having a plurality of third recesses; a fourth elongated terminal connector having a plurality of fourth recesses, the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector movable between an engaged position and a disengaged position; and a secondary biasing member extending between the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector, the secondary biasing member biases the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector towards the engaged position, in the engaged position, the plurality of third recesses are engaged with one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of fourth recesses are engaged with the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and in the disengaged position, the plurality of third recesses are disengaged from the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of fourth recesses are disengaged from the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of first recesses are disengaged from the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of second recesses are disengaged from the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells. 10. A vehicle comprising:
a battery pack positioned within the vehicle, the battery pack having a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell comprising at least one terminal; a first elongated terminal connector having a plurality of first recesses; a second elongated terminal connector having a plurality of second recesses, the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector moveable between an engaged position and a disengaged position; and a biasing member extending between the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector, the biasing member biases the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector towards the engaged position, in the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells, and in the disengaged position, the plurality of first recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells. 11. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector are removable from the battery pack in the disengaged position. 12. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses corresponds to a shape of a first side of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells; and each of the plurality of second recesses corresponds to a shape of a second side opposite the first side of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells. 13. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a first collar portion and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a second collar portion, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a flange extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position the flange of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the first collar portion of the plurality of first recesses and the second collar portion of the plurality of second recesses. 14. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a first notch and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a second notch, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a pair of protrusions extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position one of the pair of protrusions of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the first notch of the plurality of first recesses and the other of the pair of protrusions is received within the second notch of the plurality of second recesses. 15. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein:
each of the plurality of first recesses includes a pair of first slots and each of the plurality of second recesses includes a pair of second slots, the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells includes an upwardly extending post and a pair of ribs extending radially outward from a distal end of the post, and in the engaged position a first portion of the pair of ribs of the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells is received within the pair of first slots of the plurality of first recesses and a second portion of the pair of ribs is received within the pair of second slots of the plurality of second recesses. 16. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the biasing member is a plurality of tension springs. 17. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the at least one terminal includes a pair of terminals, and in the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses of the first elongated terminal connector engages with one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses of the second elongated terminal connector engages with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells. 18. The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the at least one terminal includes a pair of terminals, and
wherein the battery pack further comprises: a third elongated terminal connector having a plurality of third recesses; a fourth elongated terminal connector having a plurality of fourth recesses, the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector movable between an engaged position and a disengaged position; and a secondary biasing member extending between the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector, the secondary biasing member biases the third elongated terminal connector and the fourth elongated terminal connector towards the engaged position, in the engaged position, the plurality of third recesses are engaged with one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of fourth recesses are engaged with the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and in the disengaged position, the plurality of third recesses are disengaged from the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of fourth recesses are disengaged from the one of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, the plurality of first recesses are disengaged from the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of second recesses are disengaged from the other of the pair of terminals of the plurality of battery cells. 19. A method of removing an individual battery cell from a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell having at least one terminal, the method comprising:
removing a fastener from a first elongated terminal connector and a second elongated terminal connector, the fastener securing the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector to the battery pack, the first elongated terminal connector having a plurality of first recesses, the second elongated terminal connector having a plurality of second recesses; displacing the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector from an engaged position to a disengaged position against a biasing force of a biasing member extending between the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector; removing the first elongated terminal connector and the second elongated terminal connector from the battery pack in a first direction; and removing the individual battery cell from the battery pack in the first direction. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein in the engaged position, the plurality of first recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are engaged with the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells, and
in the disengaged position, the plurality of first recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second recesses are disengaged from the at least one terminal of the plurality of battery cells. | 2,600 |
348,955 | 16,806,506 | 1,745 | Textiles are re-cycled by grinding and scatter-laying onto a needle-punched web optionally containing low-melting material, followed by laying a second needle-punched web over the scattered layer and re-needling the three layers before applying heat or heat and pressure to activate the low-melting ground material present within the layers. Additional low-melt ground material is optionally blended into the ground textile if low melt components are absent or insufficient to bond the composite. The ground material is driven and dispersed into the surrounding web layers with at least part of the material being adjacent the two outer surfaces. The physical properties of the composite can be adjusted by selecting suitable combinations including but not limited to needling stroke depth, needling density, needle gage, low-melt content, heat finishing conditions, and relative layer weights. The final composites can optionally be reintroduced into the original end use and include significant percentages of recycled material. | 1. A method for forming a composite needle-punched structure, the method comprising:
forming a first needle-punched web by needling a first layer of fibers; forming a second needle-punched web by needling a second layer of fibers; depositing a layer of ground material comprising a low-melt content greater than 1% onto the first needle-punched webs; placing the second needle-punched web on the layer of ground material such that the layer of ground material is disposed between the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web; performing additional needling through the first needle-punched web, the second needle-punched web, and the layer of ground material from a first needle-punched web outer surface or a second needle-punched web outer surface or both the first needle-punched web outer surface and the second needle-punched web outer surface, the additional needling sufficient to disperse at least a portion of the ground material into the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web towards the first needle-punched web outer surface and the second needle-punched web outer surface; and applying heat to activate the low-melt content and to secure the composite needle-punched structure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first layer of fibers and the second layer of fibers each comprise at least 5% low melting content and a weight of from about 5 oz/yd2 to about 25 oz/yd2; the first layer of fibers is needled with a first needle punching density of 40 to 80 penetrations/cm2; and the second layer of fibers is needled with a second needle punching density of 40 to 80 penetrations/cm2. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the additional needing is performed with long needle strokes in the range of 10 to 15 mm resulting in an average number of needle barb passages though the composite needle-punched structure in the range of 4 to 8 barbs per needle stroke, and a density of 80 to 160 penetrations/cm2. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a layer of ground textile fibers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises applying pressure in combination with applying heat or applying pressure after applying heat. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein applying heat and applying pressure comprise applying both heat and pressure from the first needle-punched web outer surface or the second needle-punched web outer surface or both the first needle-punched web outer surface and the second needle-punched web outer surface. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein applying heat comprises applying heat in an oven, applying heat in a fabric finishing range, applying heat in a blanket laminator or applying heat in a dual belt laminator. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web each comprise a low-melt content greater than 1%. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web each comprise a low-melt content of from about 5% to about 40%. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first needle-punched web comprises a first thickness; the second needle-punched web comprises a second thickness; and the first thickness and the second thickness each comprise from about 0.04 inches and about 0.40 inches. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web each comprise from about 5% to about 25% 50/50 bicomponent high/low melting fibers. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a low-melt content of greater than about 5%. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a low-melt content of from about 1% to about 40%. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a total weight of greater than about 2 oz/yd2. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a total weight of from about 2 oz/yd2 to about 20 oz/yd2. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises blending additional ground material into the layer of ground material before depositing the layer of ground material onto the first needle-punched felt. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the additional ground material comprises plastic bottle waste, low-melting freeze ground films, commercial low-melting adhesive powders or particles, active particulate material, nonactive particulate material or combinations thereof. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises fiber lengths up to about 0.125 inches. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first needle-punched web comprises a first needle exit side from which fibers from the first layer of fibers extend; the second needle-punched web comprises a second needle exit side from which fibers from the second layer of fibers extend; depositing the layer of ground material comprises depositing the layer of ground material on the first needle exit side; and placing the second needle-punched web comprises placing the second needle exit side on the layer of ground material. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises applying at least one of air, vibration and suction the first needle-punched web, the second needle-punched web and the layer of ground material to move fibers, pulp or particles in the ground material into the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein performing additional needling further comprises performing a sufficient amount of additional needling to disperse a majority of the the fibers, pulp and particles in the ground material into the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises placing an additional layer on the composite needle-punched structure. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the additional layer comprises a functional layer or a decorative fabric layer. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises embossing the composite needle-punched structure with a three-dimensional pattern using pressure and heat. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the method further comprises:
forming at least one additional needle-punched web by needling an additional layer of fibers;
depositing an addition layer of ground material on each additional needle-punched web; and
incorporating each additional needle-punched web and additional layer of ground material into the composite needle-punched structure; and
performing additional needling comprises performing additional needling through the first needle-punched web, the second needle-punched web, the layer of ground material, and each additional needle-punched web and each additional layer of ground material. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing the layer of ground material further comprises depositing a plurality of superposed layers of ground material. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises placing an open textile layer between the first needle-punched web and the layer of ground material or between the second needle-punched web and the layer of ground material. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite needle-punched structure comprises an overall recycle content of from 5% to 40%. 29. A composite needle-punched structure comprising:
a first needle-punched web comprising a first layer of fibers; a second needle-punched web comprising a second layer of fibers; and a layer of ground material disposed between the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web, the layer of ground material comprising comprising a low-melt content greater than 1%; wherein at least a portion of the ground material is dispersed into the first layer of fibers in the first needle-punched web and the second layer of fibers in the second needle-punched web towards a first needle-punched web outer surface and a second needle-punched web outer surface. 30. The composite needle-punched structure of claim 29,
the first layer of fibers and the second layer of fibers each comprise at least 5% low melting content and a weight of from about 5 oz/yd2 to about 25 oz/yd2; the first layer of fibers comprises a first needle punching density of 40 to 80 penetrations/cm2; and the second layer of fibers comprises a second needle punching density of 40 to 80 penetrations/cm2. 31. The composite needle-punched structure of claim 29, wherein the composite needle-punched structure comprises a needle punching density of 80 to 160 penetrations/cm2. 32. The composite needle-punched structure of claim 29, wherein the layer of ground material comprises fiber lengths up to about 0.125 inches. 33. The composite needle-punched structure of claim 29, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a total weight of from about 2 oz/yd2 to about 20 oz/yd2. 34. The composite needle-punched structure of claim 29, further comprising:
at least one additional needle-punched web comprising an additional layer of fibers; and an addition layer of ground material for each additional needle-punched web, wherein each additional needle-punched web and additional layer of ground material incorporated into the composite needle-punched structure such that each additional layer of ground material is disposed between two needle-punched webs, a portion of the ground material of each additional layer of ground material is dispersed into the layer of fibers in the two needle-punched webs. 35. The composite needle-punched structure of claim the composite needle-punched structure comprises an overall recycle content of from 5% to 40%. | Textiles are re-cycled by grinding and scatter-laying onto a needle-punched web optionally containing low-melting material, followed by laying a second needle-punched web over the scattered layer and re-needling the three layers before applying heat or heat and pressure to activate the low-melting ground material present within the layers. Additional low-melt ground material is optionally blended into the ground textile if low melt components are absent or insufficient to bond the composite. The ground material is driven and dispersed into the surrounding web layers with at least part of the material being adjacent the two outer surfaces. The physical properties of the composite can be adjusted by selecting suitable combinations including but not limited to needling stroke depth, needling density, needle gage, low-melt content, heat finishing conditions, and relative layer weights. The final composites can optionally be reintroduced into the original end use and include significant percentages of recycled material.1. A method for forming a composite needle-punched structure, the method comprising:
forming a first needle-punched web by needling a first layer of fibers; forming a second needle-punched web by needling a second layer of fibers; depositing a layer of ground material comprising a low-melt content greater than 1% onto the first needle-punched webs; placing the second needle-punched web on the layer of ground material such that the layer of ground material is disposed between the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web; performing additional needling through the first needle-punched web, the second needle-punched web, and the layer of ground material from a first needle-punched web outer surface or a second needle-punched web outer surface or both the first needle-punched web outer surface and the second needle-punched web outer surface, the additional needling sufficient to disperse at least a portion of the ground material into the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web towards the first needle-punched web outer surface and the second needle-punched web outer surface; and applying heat to activate the low-melt content and to secure the composite needle-punched structure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first layer of fibers and the second layer of fibers each comprise at least 5% low melting content and a weight of from about 5 oz/yd2 to about 25 oz/yd2; the first layer of fibers is needled with a first needle punching density of 40 to 80 penetrations/cm2; and the second layer of fibers is needled with a second needle punching density of 40 to 80 penetrations/cm2. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the additional needing is performed with long needle strokes in the range of 10 to 15 mm resulting in an average number of needle barb passages though the composite needle-punched structure in the range of 4 to 8 barbs per needle stroke, and a density of 80 to 160 penetrations/cm2. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a layer of ground textile fibers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises applying pressure in combination with applying heat or applying pressure after applying heat. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein applying heat and applying pressure comprise applying both heat and pressure from the first needle-punched web outer surface or the second needle-punched web outer surface or both the first needle-punched web outer surface and the second needle-punched web outer surface. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein applying heat comprises applying heat in an oven, applying heat in a fabric finishing range, applying heat in a blanket laminator or applying heat in a dual belt laminator. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web each comprise a low-melt content greater than 1%. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web each comprise a low-melt content of from about 5% to about 40%. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first needle-punched web comprises a first thickness; the second needle-punched web comprises a second thickness; and the first thickness and the second thickness each comprise from about 0.04 inches and about 0.40 inches. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web each comprise from about 5% to about 25% 50/50 bicomponent high/low melting fibers. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a low-melt content of greater than about 5%. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a low-melt content of from about 1% to about 40%. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a total weight of greater than about 2 oz/yd2. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a total weight of from about 2 oz/yd2 to about 20 oz/yd2. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises blending additional ground material into the layer of ground material before depositing the layer of ground material onto the first needle-punched felt. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the additional ground material comprises plastic bottle waste, low-melting freeze ground films, commercial low-melting adhesive powders or particles, active particulate material, nonactive particulate material or combinations thereof. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of ground material comprises fiber lengths up to about 0.125 inches. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first needle-punched web comprises a first needle exit side from which fibers from the first layer of fibers extend; the second needle-punched web comprises a second needle exit side from which fibers from the second layer of fibers extend; depositing the layer of ground material comprises depositing the layer of ground material on the first needle exit side; and placing the second needle-punched web comprises placing the second needle exit side on the layer of ground material. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises applying at least one of air, vibration and suction the first needle-punched web, the second needle-punched web and the layer of ground material to move fibers, pulp or particles in the ground material into the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein performing additional needling further comprises performing a sufficient amount of additional needling to disperse a majority of the the fibers, pulp and particles in the ground material into the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises placing an additional layer on the composite needle-punched structure. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the additional layer comprises a functional layer or a decorative fabric layer. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises embossing the composite needle-punched structure with a three-dimensional pattern using pressure and heat. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the method further comprises:
forming at least one additional needle-punched web by needling an additional layer of fibers;
depositing an addition layer of ground material on each additional needle-punched web; and
incorporating each additional needle-punched web and additional layer of ground material into the composite needle-punched structure; and
performing additional needling comprises performing additional needling through the first needle-punched web, the second needle-punched web, the layer of ground material, and each additional needle-punched web and each additional layer of ground material. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing the layer of ground material further comprises depositing a plurality of superposed layers of ground material. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises placing an open textile layer between the first needle-punched web and the layer of ground material or between the second needle-punched web and the layer of ground material. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite needle-punched structure comprises an overall recycle content of from 5% to 40%. 29. A composite needle-punched structure comprising:
a first needle-punched web comprising a first layer of fibers; a second needle-punched web comprising a second layer of fibers; and a layer of ground material disposed between the first needle-punched web and the second needle-punched web, the layer of ground material comprising comprising a low-melt content greater than 1%; wherein at least a portion of the ground material is dispersed into the first layer of fibers in the first needle-punched web and the second layer of fibers in the second needle-punched web towards a first needle-punched web outer surface and a second needle-punched web outer surface. 30. The composite needle-punched structure of claim 29,
the first layer of fibers and the second layer of fibers each comprise at least 5% low melting content and a weight of from about 5 oz/yd2 to about 25 oz/yd2; the first layer of fibers comprises a first needle punching density of 40 to 80 penetrations/cm2; and the second layer of fibers comprises a second needle punching density of 40 to 80 penetrations/cm2. 31. The composite needle-punched structure of claim 29, wherein the composite needle-punched structure comprises a needle punching density of 80 to 160 penetrations/cm2. 32. The composite needle-punched structure of claim 29, wherein the layer of ground material comprises fiber lengths up to about 0.125 inches. 33. The composite needle-punched structure of claim 29, wherein the layer of ground material comprises a total weight of from about 2 oz/yd2 to about 20 oz/yd2. 34. The composite needle-punched structure of claim 29, further comprising:
at least one additional needle-punched web comprising an additional layer of fibers; and an addition layer of ground material for each additional needle-punched web, wherein each additional needle-punched web and additional layer of ground material incorporated into the composite needle-punched structure such that each additional layer of ground material is disposed between two needle-punched webs, a portion of the ground material of each additional layer of ground material is dispersed into the layer of fibers in the two needle-punched webs. 35. The composite needle-punched structure of claim the composite needle-punched structure comprises an overall recycle content of from 5% to 40%. | 1,700 |
348,956 | 16,806,447 | 1,745 | An approach for product localization is described that includes detecting one or more movement activities of a user in an indoor environment, and determining a respective position for each of the one or more movement activities using a sensor associated with the user. The approach further includes identifying one or more stoppage locations from the detected one or more movement activities, and receiving a list of one or more purchased items purchased by the user in the indoor environment. Finally, the approach further includes correlating at least one of the more purchased items with at least one of the one or more stoppage locations, and predicting the location of the one or more purchased items based on the correlating. | 1. A method of product localization comprising:
detecting one or more stoppage locations performed by a user in an indoor environment; receiving a list of one or more purchased items purchased by the user in the indoor environment; correlating at least one of the more purchased items with at least one of the one or more stoppage locations; and predicting the location of the one or more purchased items based on the correlating. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the one or more stoppage locations includes using a real-time location system (RTLS). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the one or more stoppage locations includes using a real-time location system (RTLS) that is an ultrasound-based system. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the one or more stoppage locations includes using a real-time location system (RTLS) that is an infrared-based system. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the one or more stoppage locations includes determining whether the user stays within a small area relative to the indoor environment for a predetermined amount of time. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the one or more stoppage locations includes using a human activity classifying algorithm. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the list of one or more purchased items includes receiving the list via a user application on a smartphone. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicting the location includes:
creating a two dimensional item-stop array for at least one of the one or more purchased items and at least one of the one or more stoppage locations; calculating a score based on a number of stops from the one or more stoppage locations; storing the score in the two dimensional item-stop array; and predicting the location of the one or more purchased items based on the two dimensional item-stop array and the correlating. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicting the location further includes:
using a leaky customer score accumulation algorithm. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicting the location further includes:
using a softmax-inference based algorithm. 11. A product localization system comprising at least one processor, the at least one processor configured to:
identify one or more stoppage locations of a user in an indoor environment; receive a list of one or more purchased items purchased by the user in the indoor environment; correlate at least one of the more purchased items with at least one of the one or more stoppage locations; and predict the location of the one or more purchased items based on the correlating. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to identify the one or more stoppage locations by using a real-time location system (RTLS). 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to identify the one or more stoppage locations by using a real-time location system (RTLS) that is an ultrasound-based system. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to identify the one or more stoppage locations by using a real-time location system (RTLS) that is an infrared-based system. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to identify the one or more stoppage locations by determining whether the user stays within a small area relative to the indoor environment for a predetermined amount of time. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to identify the one or more stoppage locations by using a human activity classifying algorithm. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to predict the location by:
creating a two dimensional item-stop array for at least one of the one or more purchased items and at least one of the one or more stoppage locations; calculating a score based on a number of stops from the one or more stoppage locations; storing the score in the two dimensional item-stop array; and predicting the location of the one or more purchased items based on the two dimensional item-stop array and the correlating. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to predict the location by:
using a leaky customer score accumulation algorithm. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to predict the location by:
using a dynamic leaky customer score accumulation algorithm. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to predict the location by:
using a softmax-inference based algorithm. | An approach for product localization is described that includes detecting one or more movement activities of a user in an indoor environment, and determining a respective position for each of the one or more movement activities using a sensor associated with the user. The approach further includes identifying one or more stoppage locations from the detected one or more movement activities, and receiving a list of one or more purchased items purchased by the user in the indoor environment. Finally, the approach further includes correlating at least one of the more purchased items with at least one of the one or more stoppage locations, and predicting the location of the one or more purchased items based on the correlating.1. A method of product localization comprising:
detecting one or more stoppage locations performed by a user in an indoor environment; receiving a list of one or more purchased items purchased by the user in the indoor environment; correlating at least one of the more purchased items with at least one of the one or more stoppage locations; and predicting the location of the one or more purchased items based on the correlating. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the one or more stoppage locations includes using a real-time location system (RTLS). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the one or more stoppage locations includes using a real-time location system (RTLS) that is an ultrasound-based system. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the one or more stoppage locations includes using a real-time location system (RTLS) that is an infrared-based system. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the one or more stoppage locations includes determining whether the user stays within a small area relative to the indoor environment for a predetermined amount of time. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the one or more stoppage locations includes using a human activity classifying algorithm. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the list of one or more purchased items includes receiving the list via a user application on a smartphone. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicting the location includes:
creating a two dimensional item-stop array for at least one of the one or more purchased items and at least one of the one or more stoppage locations; calculating a score based on a number of stops from the one or more stoppage locations; storing the score in the two dimensional item-stop array; and predicting the location of the one or more purchased items based on the two dimensional item-stop array and the correlating. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicting the location further includes:
using a leaky customer score accumulation algorithm. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicting the location further includes:
using a softmax-inference based algorithm. 11. A product localization system comprising at least one processor, the at least one processor configured to:
identify one or more stoppage locations of a user in an indoor environment; receive a list of one or more purchased items purchased by the user in the indoor environment; correlate at least one of the more purchased items with at least one of the one or more stoppage locations; and predict the location of the one or more purchased items based on the correlating. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to identify the one or more stoppage locations by using a real-time location system (RTLS). 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to identify the one or more stoppage locations by using a real-time location system (RTLS) that is an ultrasound-based system. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to identify the one or more stoppage locations by using a real-time location system (RTLS) that is an infrared-based system. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to identify the one or more stoppage locations by determining whether the user stays within a small area relative to the indoor environment for a predetermined amount of time. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to identify the one or more stoppage locations by using a human activity classifying algorithm. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to predict the location by:
creating a two dimensional item-stop array for at least one of the one or more purchased items and at least one of the one or more stoppage locations; calculating a score based on a number of stops from the one or more stoppage locations; storing the score in the two dimensional item-stop array; and predicting the location of the one or more purchased items based on the two dimensional item-stop array and the correlating. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to predict the location by:
using a leaky customer score accumulation algorithm. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to predict the location by:
using a dynamic leaky customer score accumulation algorithm. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to predict the location by:
using a softmax-inference based algorithm. | 1,700 |
348,957 | 16,806,474 | 1,745 | The balance training apparatus includes: a moving cart capable of moving on a moving surface by driving a driving unit; a movement controller configured to drive the driving unit and to move the moving cart in accordance with a predetermined swing pattern; a posture detection sensor that is provided in the moving cart and is configured to detect that disturbance of the state of a trainee who is standing on the moving cart has become outside of a predetermined range; and a difficulty level setting unit configured to instruct the movement controller to change the swing pattern and change the difficulty level of the training that moves the moving cart based on results of detecting the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor. | 1. A balance training apparatus comprising:
a moving cart capable of moving on a moving surface by driving a driving unit; a movement controller configured to drive the driving unit and to move the moving cart in accordance with a predetermined swing pattern; a posture detection sensor configured to detect that disturbance of a state of a trainee who is standing on the moving cart has become outside of a predetermined range; and a difficulty level setting unit configured to instruct the movement controller to change the swing pattern and change a difficulty level of the training that moves the moving cart based on results of detecting the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor. 2. The balance training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the posture detection sensor comprises at least one of a handrail switch provided in a handrail attached to the moving cart, a pressure sensor that is provided between the handrail and a strut that supports the handrail, a biological sensor that is attached to a part of the body of the trainee and detects biological information of the trainee, and a camera that is attached to the moving cart and captures an image of the posture of the trainee. 3. The balance training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the difficulty level setting unit reduces the difficulty level when a duration period of a state during which disturbance of the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor has become outside of the predetermined range has exceeded a first specified value. 4. The balance training apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the difficulty level setting unit instructs the movement controller to stop the training when the duration period of a state during which disturbance of the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor has become outside of the predetermined range has exceeded a third specified value that is larger than the first specified value. 5. The balance training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the difficulty level setting unit reduces the difficulty level when an integrated value of a time period of a state during which disturbance of the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor has become outside of the predetermined range has exceeded a predetermined rate in a determination threshold period having a predetermined length. 6. The balance training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the difficulty level setting unit increases the difficulty level when a duration period of a state during which the disturbance of the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor is within the predetermined range has become equal to or larger than a difficulty level increase determination period set based on a second specified value. 7. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a control program of a balance training apparatus in which a trainee standing on a moving cart that moves on a moving surface performs balance training, the control program causing a computer to execute the following steps of:
a movement control step for driving a driving unit that moves the moving cart to move the moving cart in accordance with a predetermined swing pattern; a posture detection step for detecting that disturbance of the state of the trainee has become outside of a predetermined range; and a difficulty level setting step for changing the swing pattern and changing a difficulty level of the training that moves the moving cart based on results of detecting the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent in the posture detection step. | The balance training apparatus includes: a moving cart capable of moving on a moving surface by driving a driving unit; a movement controller configured to drive the driving unit and to move the moving cart in accordance with a predetermined swing pattern; a posture detection sensor that is provided in the moving cart and is configured to detect that disturbance of the state of a trainee who is standing on the moving cart has become outside of a predetermined range; and a difficulty level setting unit configured to instruct the movement controller to change the swing pattern and change the difficulty level of the training that moves the moving cart based on results of detecting the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor.1. A balance training apparatus comprising:
a moving cart capable of moving on a moving surface by driving a driving unit; a movement controller configured to drive the driving unit and to move the moving cart in accordance with a predetermined swing pattern; a posture detection sensor configured to detect that disturbance of a state of a trainee who is standing on the moving cart has become outside of a predetermined range; and a difficulty level setting unit configured to instruct the movement controller to change the swing pattern and change a difficulty level of the training that moves the moving cart based on results of detecting the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor. 2. The balance training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the posture detection sensor comprises at least one of a handrail switch provided in a handrail attached to the moving cart, a pressure sensor that is provided between the handrail and a strut that supports the handrail, a biological sensor that is attached to a part of the body of the trainee and detects biological information of the trainee, and a camera that is attached to the moving cart and captures an image of the posture of the trainee. 3. The balance training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the difficulty level setting unit reduces the difficulty level when a duration period of a state during which disturbance of the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor has become outside of the predetermined range has exceeded a first specified value. 4. The balance training apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the difficulty level setting unit instructs the movement controller to stop the training when the duration period of a state during which disturbance of the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor has become outside of the predetermined range has exceeded a third specified value that is larger than the first specified value. 5. The balance training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the difficulty level setting unit reduces the difficulty level when an integrated value of a time period of a state during which disturbance of the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor has become outside of the predetermined range has exceeded a predetermined rate in a determination threshold period having a predetermined length. 6. The balance training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the difficulty level setting unit increases the difficulty level when a duration period of a state during which the disturbance of the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent from the posture detection sensor is within the predetermined range has become equal to or larger than a difficulty level increase determination period set based on a second specified value. 7. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a control program of a balance training apparatus in which a trainee standing on a moving cart that moves on a moving surface performs balance training, the control program causing a computer to execute the following steps of:
a movement control step for driving a driving unit that moves the moving cart to move the moving cart in accordance with a predetermined swing pattern; a posture detection step for detecting that disturbance of the state of the trainee has become outside of a predetermined range; and a difficulty level setting step for changing the swing pattern and changing a difficulty level of the training that moves the moving cart based on results of detecting the state of the trainee regarding which a notification is sent in the posture detection step. | 1,700 |
348,958 | 16,806,494 | 1,745 | A system and method of additively manufacturing a part including electrically conductive or static dissipating fluorine-containing polymers. The method includes depositing fluorine-containing polymer additive manufacturing material onto a build platform, selectively cross-linking portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material, and curing the selectively cross-linked portions such that the part is at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating. | 1. An additive manufacturing system for forming a part via additive manufacturing, the additive manufacturing system comprising:
a build platform configured to support the part as it is formed; an additive manufacturing material reserve that retains an additive manufacturing material including fluorine-containing polymers being at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating and a supplemental material including at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon; a functional material reserve that retains a functional material configured to promote mixing of the fluorine-containing polymers with the supplemental material when added to the additive manufacturing material; a mixer downstream of the additive manufacturing material reserve and the functional material reserve, the mixer being configured to selectively add the functional material to the additive manufacturing material to form an additive manufacturing material mixture; a material depositor downstream of the mixer, the material depositor being configured to deposit the additive manufacturing material mixture onto the build platform; and an energizer source configured to selectively cross-link portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material mixture such that the part is at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating. 2. The additive manufacturing system, wherein the additive manufacturing system is at least one of a stereolithography system and a powder bed printing system. 3. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing system is at least one of an extrusion system and a fused filament fabrication system. 4. (canceled) 5. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1,
wherein the at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon is saturated in the mixture. 6. (canceled) 7. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing system is configured to add the functional material to the mixture according to an electronic circuit pattern. 8. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein at least one of electrical conductivity and a static dissipative quality is homogenous throughout the additive manufacturing material. 9. A method of forming a part via additive manufacturing, the method comprising the steps of:
depositing additive manufacturing material onto a build platform, the additive manufacturing material including fluorine-containing polymers being at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating; selectively cross-linking portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material; and curing the selectively cross-linked portions such that the part is at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of selectively cross-linking portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material includes directing an energy source at the portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material according to a computer-aided design. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the steps of depositing the additive manufacturing material and selectively cross-linking portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material are performed simultaneously via fused filament fabrication. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of mixing at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon with the fluorine-containing polymers to form a mixture. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising saturating the mixture with the at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of adding a functional material that enhances mixing of the at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon with the fluorine-containing polymers. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising selectively adding the functional material to the mixture according to an electronic circuit pattern. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein at least one of electrical conductivity and a static dissipative quality is homogenous throughout the cured additive manufacturing material. 17. A stereolithographic additive manufacturing system for forming a part via additive manufacturing, the additive manufacturing system comprising:
a build platform configured to support an additive manufacturing material thereon, the additive manufacturing material being a mixture including fluorine-containing polymers being at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating, and at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon; an energy source configured to selectively cross-link portions of the additive manufacturing material; and a cure device configured to cure the additive manufacturing material such that the part is at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating. 18. The stereolithographic additive manufacturing system of claim 17, wherein the mixture further includes a functional material for enhancing mixing. 19. The stereolithographic additive manufacturing system of claim 17, wherein the additive manufacturing system is configured to selectively add the functional material to the mixture according to an electronic circuit pattern. 20. The stereolithographic additive manufacturing system of claim 17, wherein at least one of electrical conductivity and a static dissipative quality is homogenous throughout the cured additive manufacturing material. 21. An additive manufacturing system for forming a part via additive manufacturing, the additive manufacturing system comprising:
a build platform configured to support the part as it is formed; an additive manufacturing material reserve that retains an additive manufacturing material including fluorine-containing polymers being at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating and a supplemental material including at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon; a functional material reserve that retains a functional material configured to promote mixing of the fluorine-containing polymers with the supplemental material when added to the additive manufacturing material; a mechanical mixer downstream of the additive manufacturing material reserve and the functional material reserve, the mechanical mixer being configured to selectively add the functional material to the additive manufacturing material to form an additive manufacturing material mixture; a material depositor downstream of the mixer, the material depositor being configured to deposit the additive manufacturing material mixture onto the build platform; a laser configured to selectively cross-link portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material mixture; and a processor communicatively coupled to the mechanical mixer, the material depositor, and the laser, the processor being configured to:
instruct the mechanical mixer to selectively add the functional material to the additive manufacturing material according to computer-aided design (CAD) data of an electronic circuit pattern;
instruct the material depositor to deposit the additive manufacturing material mixture onto the build platform and previously constructed layers according to the CAD data; and
instruct the laser to trace over deposited layers according to the CAD data such that portions of the part are at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating. 22. The additive manufacturing system of claim 21, the material depositor being configured to print strands of additive manufacturing material mixture in a lattice structure pattern. 23. The additive manufacturing system of claim 21, further comprising a dryer configured to dry the part. 24. The additive manufacturing system of claim 21, further comprising a heater configured to heat cure the additive manufacturing material mixture. | A system and method of additively manufacturing a part including electrically conductive or static dissipating fluorine-containing polymers. The method includes depositing fluorine-containing polymer additive manufacturing material onto a build platform, selectively cross-linking portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material, and curing the selectively cross-linked portions such that the part is at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating.1. An additive manufacturing system for forming a part via additive manufacturing, the additive manufacturing system comprising:
a build platform configured to support the part as it is formed; an additive manufacturing material reserve that retains an additive manufacturing material including fluorine-containing polymers being at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating and a supplemental material including at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon; a functional material reserve that retains a functional material configured to promote mixing of the fluorine-containing polymers with the supplemental material when added to the additive manufacturing material; a mixer downstream of the additive manufacturing material reserve and the functional material reserve, the mixer being configured to selectively add the functional material to the additive manufacturing material to form an additive manufacturing material mixture; a material depositor downstream of the mixer, the material depositor being configured to deposit the additive manufacturing material mixture onto the build platform; and an energizer source configured to selectively cross-link portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material mixture such that the part is at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating. 2. The additive manufacturing system, wherein the additive manufacturing system is at least one of a stereolithography system and a powder bed printing system. 3. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing system is at least one of an extrusion system and a fused filament fabrication system. 4. (canceled) 5. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1,
wherein the at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon is saturated in the mixture. 6. (canceled) 7. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing system is configured to add the functional material to the mixture according to an electronic circuit pattern. 8. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein at least one of electrical conductivity and a static dissipative quality is homogenous throughout the additive manufacturing material. 9. A method of forming a part via additive manufacturing, the method comprising the steps of:
depositing additive manufacturing material onto a build platform, the additive manufacturing material including fluorine-containing polymers being at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating; selectively cross-linking portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material; and curing the selectively cross-linked portions such that the part is at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of selectively cross-linking portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material includes directing an energy source at the portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material according to a computer-aided design. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the steps of depositing the additive manufacturing material and selectively cross-linking portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material are performed simultaneously via fused filament fabrication. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of mixing at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon with the fluorine-containing polymers to form a mixture. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising saturating the mixture with the at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of adding a functional material that enhances mixing of the at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon with the fluorine-containing polymers. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising selectively adding the functional material to the mixture according to an electronic circuit pattern. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein at least one of electrical conductivity and a static dissipative quality is homogenous throughout the cured additive manufacturing material. 17. A stereolithographic additive manufacturing system for forming a part via additive manufacturing, the additive manufacturing system comprising:
a build platform configured to support an additive manufacturing material thereon, the additive manufacturing material being a mixture including fluorine-containing polymers being at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating, and at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon; an energy source configured to selectively cross-link portions of the additive manufacturing material; and a cure device configured to cure the additive manufacturing material such that the part is at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating. 18. The stereolithographic additive manufacturing system of claim 17, wherein the mixture further includes a functional material for enhancing mixing. 19. The stereolithographic additive manufacturing system of claim 17, wherein the additive manufacturing system is configured to selectively add the functional material to the mixture according to an electronic circuit pattern. 20. The stereolithographic additive manufacturing system of claim 17, wherein at least one of electrical conductivity and a static dissipative quality is homogenous throughout the cured additive manufacturing material. 21. An additive manufacturing system for forming a part via additive manufacturing, the additive manufacturing system comprising:
a build platform configured to support the part as it is formed; an additive manufacturing material reserve that retains an additive manufacturing material including fluorine-containing polymers being at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating and a supplemental material including at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon; a functional material reserve that retains a functional material configured to promote mixing of the fluorine-containing polymers with the supplemental material when added to the additive manufacturing material; a mechanical mixer downstream of the additive manufacturing material reserve and the functional material reserve, the mechanical mixer being configured to selectively add the functional material to the additive manufacturing material to form an additive manufacturing material mixture; a material depositor downstream of the mixer, the material depositor being configured to deposit the additive manufacturing material mixture onto the build platform; a laser configured to selectively cross-link portions of the deposited additive manufacturing material mixture; and a processor communicatively coupled to the mechanical mixer, the material depositor, and the laser, the processor being configured to:
instruct the mechanical mixer to selectively add the functional material to the additive manufacturing material according to computer-aided design (CAD) data of an electronic circuit pattern;
instruct the material depositor to deposit the additive manufacturing material mixture onto the build platform and previously constructed layers according to the CAD data; and
instruct the laser to trace over deposited layers according to the CAD data such that portions of the part are at least one of electrically conductive and static dissipating. 22. The additive manufacturing system of claim 21, the material depositor being configured to print strands of additive manufacturing material mixture in a lattice structure pattern. 23. The additive manufacturing system of claim 21, further comprising a dryer configured to dry the part. 24. The additive manufacturing system of claim 21, further comprising a heater configured to heat cure the additive manufacturing material mixture. | 1,700 |
348,959 | 16,806,504 | 3,671 | A follower assembly of a cam assembly for a harvester reel including a baffle, a compressible member adjacent the baffle, and a roller spacer adjacent the compressible member. The follower assembly further includes a tubular cam follower housing the roller spacer, and a fastener extending through the tubular cam follower, the roller spacer, the compressible member and the baffle. The resultant follower assembly provides a construction which minimizes peening of the baffle, whereby the fastener maintains its clamp load such that the cam followers maintain engagement with the cam track and the potential for breakage of the fastener is minimized. | 1. A follower assembly of a cam assembly for a harvester reel comprising:
a baffle; a compressible member adjacent the baffle; a roller spacer adjacent the compressible member; a tubular cam follower surrounding the roller spacer; and a fastener extending through the tubular cam follower, the roller spacer, the compressible member and the baffle. 2. The follower assembly of claim 1, further comprising a bracket adjacent the baffle, and wherein the fastener extends through the bracket. 3. The follower assembly of claim 2, further comprising a crank plate adjacent the bracket, and wherein the fastener extends through the crank plate. 4. The follower assembly of claim 3, further comprising a support member extending from the crank plate. 5. The follower assembly of claim 1, wherein the roller spacer includes:
an annular body; and an annular flange extending from the annular body. 6. The follower assembly of claim 5, wherein the compressible member circumscribes the annular body. 7. The follower assembly of claim 5, wherein the annular flange has an overall diameter larger than an inner diameter of the compressible member. 8. The follower assembly of claim 5, wherein the baffle includes a through hole and the annular body is seated within the through hole. 9. The follower assembly of claim 1, wherein the fastener secures the tubular cam follower, the roller spacer, the compressible member and the baffle together. 10. The follower assembly of claim 1, wherein the fastener compressingly engages the tubular cam follower, the roller spacer, the compressible member and the baffle together. 11. The follower assembly of claim 1, wherein the baffle comprises low carbon, non-hardened steel or plastic. 12. The follower assembly of claim 1, wherein the compressible member is a Belleville washer. 13. A cam assembly for a harvester reel comprising the follower assembly of claim 1. 14. The cam assembly of claim 13, further comprising a second follower assembly of claim 1. 15. The cam assembly of claim 13, further comprising a cam track, wherein the follower assembly engages the cam track. 16. A harvester reel for an agricultural harvester comprising the cam assembly of claim 13. 17. The harvester reel of claim 16, further comprising a reel assembly including:
a central rotating shaft, and a plurality of support members extending widthwise across the reel assembly and connected to a central rotating shaft for rotation therewith. | A follower assembly of a cam assembly for a harvester reel including a baffle, a compressible member adjacent the baffle, and a roller spacer adjacent the compressible member. The follower assembly further includes a tubular cam follower housing the roller spacer, and a fastener extending through the tubular cam follower, the roller spacer, the compressible member and the baffle. The resultant follower assembly provides a construction which minimizes peening of the baffle, whereby the fastener maintains its clamp load such that the cam followers maintain engagement with the cam track and the potential for breakage of the fastener is minimized.1. A follower assembly of a cam assembly for a harvester reel comprising:
a baffle; a compressible member adjacent the baffle; a roller spacer adjacent the compressible member; a tubular cam follower surrounding the roller spacer; and a fastener extending through the tubular cam follower, the roller spacer, the compressible member and the baffle. 2. The follower assembly of claim 1, further comprising a bracket adjacent the baffle, and wherein the fastener extends through the bracket. 3. The follower assembly of claim 2, further comprising a crank plate adjacent the bracket, and wherein the fastener extends through the crank plate. 4. The follower assembly of claim 3, further comprising a support member extending from the crank plate. 5. The follower assembly of claim 1, wherein the roller spacer includes:
an annular body; and an annular flange extending from the annular body. 6. The follower assembly of claim 5, wherein the compressible member circumscribes the annular body. 7. The follower assembly of claim 5, wherein the annular flange has an overall diameter larger than an inner diameter of the compressible member. 8. The follower assembly of claim 5, wherein the baffle includes a through hole and the annular body is seated within the through hole. 9. The follower assembly of claim 1, wherein the fastener secures the tubular cam follower, the roller spacer, the compressible member and the baffle together. 10. The follower assembly of claim 1, wherein the fastener compressingly engages the tubular cam follower, the roller spacer, the compressible member and the baffle together. 11. The follower assembly of claim 1, wherein the baffle comprises low carbon, non-hardened steel or plastic. 12. The follower assembly of claim 1, wherein the compressible member is a Belleville washer. 13. A cam assembly for a harvester reel comprising the follower assembly of claim 1. 14. The cam assembly of claim 13, further comprising a second follower assembly of claim 1. 15. The cam assembly of claim 13, further comprising a cam track, wherein the follower assembly engages the cam track. 16. A harvester reel for an agricultural harvester comprising the cam assembly of claim 13. 17. The harvester reel of claim 16, further comprising a reel assembly including:
a central rotating shaft, and a plurality of support members extending widthwise across the reel assembly and connected to a central rotating shaft for rotation therewith. | 3,600 |
348,960 | 16,806,492 | 3,671 | Devices and methods for treating one or more pulmonary diseases while avoiding or minimizing injury to the esophagus and branches of the vagus nerve that run along the outside of the esophagus. The device includes at least one energy delivery element disposed on an elongate member and a means for protecting the esophagus and surrounding tissues, such as esophageal branches of the vagus nerve, during treatment. The energy delivery element is positionable to target at least one nerve in or around the tracheal wall when the elongate member is positioned in the trachea. Energy from the energy delivery element is delivered to the at least one nerve to treat pulmonary symptoms, conditions, and/or diseases, such as asthma, COPD, obstructive lung diseases, or other pulmonary diseases, while the protection means protects the esophagus and surrounding tissues from permanent damage. | 1. A method of treating one or more pulmonary diseases while minimizing or preventing damage to an esophagus and esophageal branches of the vagus nerve of a patient, the method comprising:
inserting an elongate member through at least a portion of a trachea; positioning an energy delivery element coupled to the elongate member proximate a treatment site in or along an airway; delivering energy from an active portion of the energy delivery element to the treatment site while protecting the esophagus and esophageal branches of the vagus nerve with minimal or no permanent damage to the esophagus and/or surrounding tissue. | Devices and methods for treating one or more pulmonary diseases while avoiding or minimizing injury to the esophagus and branches of the vagus nerve that run along the outside of the esophagus. The device includes at least one energy delivery element disposed on an elongate member and a means for protecting the esophagus and surrounding tissues, such as esophageal branches of the vagus nerve, during treatment. The energy delivery element is positionable to target at least one nerve in or around the tracheal wall when the elongate member is positioned in the trachea. Energy from the energy delivery element is delivered to the at least one nerve to treat pulmonary symptoms, conditions, and/or diseases, such as asthma, COPD, obstructive lung diseases, or other pulmonary diseases, while the protection means protects the esophagus and surrounding tissues from permanent damage.1. A method of treating one or more pulmonary diseases while minimizing or preventing damage to an esophagus and esophageal branches of the vagus nerve of a patient, the method comprising:
inserting an elongate member through at least a portion of a trachea; positioning an energy delivery element coupled to the elongate member proximate a treatment site in or along an airway; delivering energy from an active portion of the energy delivery element to the treatment site while protecting the esophagus and esophageal branches of the vagus nerve with minimal or no permanent damage to the esophagus and/or surrounding tissue. | 3,600 |
348,961 | 16,806,482 | 3,671 | A method is provided in a receiving node for handling status information of data units transmitted from a sending node to the receiving node over a radio link. The receiving node establishes that a number of data units that has been transmitted by the sending node are missing. The receiving node sends a reduced status message to the sending node over the radio link, which message is reduced such that it comprises the negative acknowledgement for a first part of missing data units and omits negative acknowledgements for the rest of the missing data units. The omitted negative acknowledgement for the rest of the missing data units will not erroneously be interpreted as correctly received data units by the sending node. | 1. A method in a receiving side of an Acknowledgement Mode (AM) Radio Link Control (RLC) entity for handling status information of RLC Data Protocol Data Units (PDUs) transmitted from a peer AM RLC entity to the AM RLC entity over a radio link, each RLC Data PDU having a respective Sequence Number (SN), the method comprising:
detecting that a number of RLC Data PDUs transmitted by the peer AM RLC entity are missing; constructing a STATUS PDU to include NACK_SNs for a first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs and omitting NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs, a number of NACK fields for including the NACK_SNs for the first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs being determined by size of the STATUS PDU as allowed by channel resources over the radio link; setting an ACK_SN field of the STATUS PDU to the SN of the next not received RLC Data PDU for which a NACK_SN is omitted from the STATUS PDU; and sending the STATUS PDU from the AM RLC entity to the peer AM RLC entity over the radio link. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating step further comprising:
including a special identifier in a Control PDU Type (CPT) field of the STATUS PDU to indicate the STATUS PDU. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating step further comprises:
omitting an ACK_SN from the STATUS PDU to allow transmission of additional NACK_SNs. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
constructing one or more second STATUS PDUs to include NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs, wherein the one or more second STATUS PDUs are incapable of causing the peer AM RLC entity to advance the transmission window. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining a lower window edge corresponding to an SN of the oldest outstanding RLC Data PDU; and maintaining an upper window edge corresponding to an SN of the highest received RLC Data PDU. 6. A receiving side of an Acknowledgement Mode (AM) Radio Link Control (RLC) entity for handling status information of RLC Data Protocol Data Units (PDUs) transmitted from a peer AM RLC entity to the AM RLC entity over a radio link, each RLC Data PDU having a respective Sequence Number (SN), the AM RLC entity comprising at least one processor; at least one memory including computer program code which, when executed by the processor, causes the AM RLC entity to:
detecting that a number of RLC Data PDUs transmitted by the peer AM RLC entity are missing; constructing a STATUS PDU to include NACK_SNs for a first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs and omitting NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs, a number of NACK fields for including the NACK_SNs for the first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs being determined by size of the STATUS PDU as allowed by channel resources over the radio link; set an ACK_SN field of the STATUS PDU to the SN of the next not received RLC Data PDU for which a NACK_SN is omitted from the STATUS PDU; and send the STATUS PDU from the AM RLC entity to the peer AM RLC entity over the radio link. 7. The AM RLC entity according to claim 6, wherein the STATUS PDU further comprises a special identifier in a Control PDU Type (CPT) field of the STATUS PDU to indicate the STATUS PDU. 8. The AM RLC entity according to claim 6, wherein the STATUS PDU further lacks an ACK_SN from the STATUS PDU to allow transmission of additional NACK_SNs. 9. The AM RLC entity according to claim 6, wherein the memory includes computer program code which, when executed by the processor, causes the AM RLC entity to send one or more second STATUS PDUs including NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs, wherein the one or more second STATUS PDUs are incapable of causing the peer AM RLC entity to advance the transmission window. 10. The AM RLC entity according to claim 6, wherein the memory includes computer program code which, when executed by the processor, causes the AM RLC entity to:
maintain a lower window edge corresponding to an SN of the oldest outstanding RLC Data PDU; and maintain an upper window edge corresponding to an SN of the highest received RLC Data PDU. 11. A method in a transmitting side of an Acknowledgement Mode (AM) Radio Link Control (RLC) entity for handling status information of RLC Data Protocol Data Units (PDUs) transmitted from the AM RLC entity to a peer AM RLC entity over a radio link, the method comprising:
transmitting a stream of RLC Data PDUs over the radio link to the peer AM RLC entity, the peer AM RLC entity correctly receiving some of the RLC Data PDUs but missing a number of RLC Data PDUs, each RLC Data PDU having a respective Sequence Number (SN); receiving a STATUS PDU from the peer AM RLC entity over the radio link, wherein:
an ACK_SN field of the STATUS PDU is set to the SN of the next not received RLC Data PDU for which a NACK_SN is omitted from the STATUS PDU;
a number of NACK fields of the STATUS PDU for including the NACK_SNs for a first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs being determined by size of the STATUS PDU as allowed by channel resources over the radio link; and
interpreting the STATUS PDU as comprising NACK_SNs for the first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs, and omitting NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs. 12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
receiving one or more second STATUS PDUs including NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs, wherein the one or more second STATUS PDUs are incapable of causing the AM RLC entity to advance the transmission window. 13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
maintaining a lower window edge corresponding to an SN of the oldest outstanding RLC Data PDU for which no ACK_SN has been received. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
advancing the lower window edge up to a next oldest outstanding RLC Data PDU in response to receiving the ACK_SN for the oldest outstanding RLC Data PDU in the STATUS PDU. 15. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
maintaining an upper window edge corresponding to an SN of the next RLC Data PDU to be transmitted. 16. The method according to claim 11, wherein the STATUS PDU is interpreted as the STATUS PDU with reference to a special identifier included in a Control PDU Type (CPT) field of the STATUS PDU. | A method is provided in a receiving node for handling status information of data units transmitted from a sending node to the receiving node over a radio link. The receiving node establishes that a number of data units that has been transmitted by the sending node are missing. The receiving node sends a reduced status message to the sending node over the radio link, which message is reduced such that it comprises the negative acknowledgement for a first part of missing data units and omits negative acknowledgements for the rest of the missing data units. The omitted negative acknowledgement for the rest of the missing data units will not erroneously be interpreted as correctly received data units by the sending node.1. A method in a receiving side of an Acknowledgement Mode (AM) Radio Link Control (RLC) entity for handling status information of RLC Data Protocol Data Units (PDUs) transmitted from a peer AM RLC entity to the AM RLC entity over a radio link, each RLC Data PDU having a respective Sequence Number (SN), the method comprising:
detecting that a number of RLC Data PDUs transmitted by the peer AM RLC entity are missing; constructing a STATUS PDU to include NACK_SNs for a first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs and omitting NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs, a number of NACK fields for including the NACK_SNs for the first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs being determined by size of the STATUS PDU as allowed by channel resources over the radio link; setting an ACK_SN field of the STATUS PDU to the SN of the next not received RLC Data PDU for which a NACK_SN is omitted from the STATUS PDU; and sending the STATUS PDU from the AM RLC entity to the peer AM RLC entity over the radio link. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating step further comprising:
including a special identifier in a Control PDU Type (CPT) field of the STATUS PDU to indicate the STATUS PDU. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating step further comprises:
omitting an ACK_SN from the STATUS PDU to allow transmission of additional NACK_SNs. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
constructing one or more second STATUS PDUs to include NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs, wherein the one or more second STATUS PDUs are incapable of causing the peer AM RLC entity to advance the transmission window. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining a lower window edge corresponding to an SN of the oldest outstanding RLC Data PDU; and maintaining an upper window edge corresponding to an SN of the highest received RLC Data PDU. 6. A receiving side of an Acknowledgement Mode (AM) Radio Link Control (RLC) entity for handling status information of RLC Data Protocol Data Units (PDUs) transmitted from a peer AM RLC entity to the AM RLC entity over a radio link, each RLC Data PDU having a respective Sequence Number (SN), the AM RLC entity comprising at least one processor; at least one memory including computer program code which, when executed by the processor, causes the AM RLC entity to:
detecting that a number of RLC Data PDUs transmitted by the peer AM RLC entity are missing; constructing a STATUS PDU to include NACK_SNs for a first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs and omitting NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs, a number of NACK fields for including the NACK_SNs for the first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs being determined by size of the STATUS PDU as allowed by channel resources over the radio link; set an ACK_SN field of the STATUS PDU to the SN of the next not received RLC Data PDU for which a NACK_SN is omitted from the STATUS PDU; and send the STATUS PDU from the AM RLC entity to the peer AM RLC entity over the radio link. 7. The AM RLC entity according to claim 6, wherein the STATUS PDU further comprises a special identifier in a Control PDU Type (CPT) field of the STATUS PDU to indicate the STATUS PDU. 8. The AM RLC entity according to claim 6, wherein the STATUS PDU further lacks an ACK_SN from the STATUS PDU to allow transmission of additional NACK_SNs. 9. The AM RLC entity according to claim 6, wherein the memory includes computer program code which, when executed by the processor, causes the AM RLC entity to send one or more second STATUS PDUs including NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs, wherein the one or more second STATUS PDUs are incapable of causing the peer AM RLC entity to advance the transmission window. 10. The AM RLC entity according to claim 6, wherein the memory includes computer program code which, when executed by the processor, causes the AM RLC entity to:
maintain a lower window edge corresponding to an SN of the oldest outstanding RLC Data PDU; and maintain an upper window edge corresponding to an SN of the highest received RLC Data PDU. 11. A method in a transmitting side of an Acknowledgement Mode (AM) Radio Link Control (RLC) entity for handling status information of RLC Data Protocol Data Units (PDUs) transmitted from the AM RLC entity to a peer AM RLC entity over a radio link, the method comprising:
transmitting a stream of RLC Data PDUs over the radio link to the peer AM RLC entity, the peer AM RLC entity correctly receiving some of the RLC Data PDUs but missing a number of RLC Data PDUs, each RLC Data PDU having a respective Sequence Number (SN); receiving a STATUS PDU from the peer AM RLC entity over the radio link, wherein:
an ACK_SN field of the STATUS PDU is set to the SN of the next not received RLC Data PDU for which a NACK_SN is omitted from the STATUS PDU;
a number of NACK fields of the STATUS PDU for including the NACK_SNs for a first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs being determined by size of the STATUS PDU as allowed by channel resources over the radio link; and
interpreting the STATUS PDU as comprising NACK_SNs for the first part of the missing RLC Data PDUs, and omitting NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs. 12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
receiving one or more second STATUS PDUs including NACK_SNs for the rest of the missing RLC Data PDUs, wherein the one or more second STATUS PDUs are incapable of causing the AM RLC entity to advance the transmission window. 13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
maintaining a lower window edge corresponding to an SN of the oldest outstanding RLC Data PDU for which no ACK_SN has been received. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
advancing the lower window edge up to a next oldest outstanding RLC Data PDU in response to receiving the ACK_SN for the oldest outstanding RLC Data PDU in the STATUS PDU. 15. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
maintaining an upper window edge corresponding to an SN of the next RLC Data PDU to be transmitted. 16. The method according to claim 11, wherein the STATUS PDU is interpreted as the STATUS PDU with reference to a special identifier included in a Control PDU Type (CPT) field of the STATUS PDU. | 3,600 |
348,962 | 16,806,511 | 3,671 | Generally, examples described herein relate to deposition masks and methods of manufacturing and using such deposition masks. An example includes a method for forming a deposition mask. A mask layer is deposited on a substrate. Mask openings are patterned through the mask layer. A central portion of the substrate is removed to define a substrate opening through a periphery portion of the substrate. The mask layer with the mask openings through the mask layer extending across the substrate opening. | 1. A method for forming a deposition mask, the method comprising:
depositing a mask layer on a substrate; patterning mask openings through the mask layer; and removing a central portion of the substrate to define a substrate opening through a periphery portion of the substrate, the mask layer with the mask openings through the mask layer extending across the substrate opening. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mask openings through the mask layer have a ratio of a depth of the respective mask opening to a width of the respective mask opening that is 1:1 or less. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mask layer is deposited with a tensile stress. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
depositing a first protective layer on the substrate, the mask layer being deposited on the first protective layer;
depositing a second protective layer on the mask layer, the mask openings being patterned through the first protective layer and the second protective layer; and
removing portions of the first protective layer and the second protective layer. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
depositing a spacer layer on the mask layer; and
patterning the spacer layer into a spacer element, scribe line areas being defined between groups of the mask openings, the spacer element being along at least some of the scribe line areas. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
forming a support matrix on the mask layer and in the substrate opening, scribe line areas being defined between groups of the mask openings, the support matrix being along at least some of the scribe line areas and contacting the periphery portion of the substrate. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing the mask layer on the substrate includes:
depositing a first conductive mask layer on the substrate; depositing an insulator mask layer on the first conductive mask layer; and depositing a second conductive mask layer on the insulator mask layer. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein patterning the mask openings through the mask layer includes:
patterning first trenches through the second conductive mask layer; and patterning, through the substrate opening, second trenches through the first conductive mask layer, at least the first trenches, the second trenches, or a combination thereof being through the insulator mask layer, intersections of the first trenches and the second trenches forming the mask openings. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising attaching a carrier frame to the mask layer and the substrate, an outer frame of the carrier frame circumscribing the periphery portion of the substrate. 10. A semiconductor processing structure comprising:
a deposition mask comprising:
an annular substrate having a substrate opening through the annular substrate; and
a mask layer on the annular substrate and extending across the substrate opening, the mask layer having mask openings through the mask layer and aligned within the substrate opening. 11. The semiconductor processing structure of claim 10, wherein the mask openings through the mask layer have a ratio of a depth of the respective mask opening to a width of the respective mask opening that is 1:1 or less. 12. The semiconductor processing structure of claim 10, wherein the deposition mask further comprises a spacer element on the mask layer opposite from the annular substrate, scribe line areas being defined between groups of the mask openings, the spacer element being along at least some of the scribe line areas. 13. The semiconductor processing structure of claim 10, wherein the deposition mask further comprises a support matrix on the mask layer and in the substrate opening, scribe line areas being defined between groups of the mask openings, the support matrix being along at least some of the scribe line areas and contacting the annular substrate. 14. The semiconductor processing structure of claim 10, wherein the mask layer includes:
a first conductive mask layer on the annular substrate, first trenches being through the first conductive mask layer; an insulator mask layer on the first conductive mask layer; and a second conductive mask layer on the insulator mask layer, second trenches being through the second conductive mask layer; at least the first trenches, the second trenches, or a combination thereof being through the insulator mask layer, intersections of the first trenches and the second trenches forming the mask openings. 15. The semiconductor processing structure of claim 10 further comprising a carrier frame attached to the deposition mask, an outer frame of the carrier frame circumscribing the annular substrate. 16. A method for semiconductor processing, the method comprising:
securing a device substrate and a deposition mask in a substrate carrier apparatus, the deposition mask being secured on the device substrate, the deposition mask comprising:
an annular substrate having a substrate opening through the annular substrate; and
a mask layer on the annular substrate and extending across the substrate opening, the mask layer having mask openings through the mask layer and aligned within the substrate opening;
transporting the substrate carrier apparatus with the device substrate and the deposition mask secured therein to a semiconductor processing chamber; and depositing, in the semiconductor processing chamber, a material on the device substrate through the substrate opening and the mask openings. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the mask openings through the mask layer have a ratio of a depth of the respective mask opening to a width of the respective mask opening that is 1:1 or less. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein depositing the material through the substrate opening and the mask openings includes depositing an organic material using evaporation. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the mask layer includes a conductive mask layer, and depositing the material through the substrate opening and the mask openings includes flowing an electrical current through the conductive mask layer. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the deposition mask includes a spacer element on the mask layer, the spacer element being disposed between the device substrate and the mask layer when the device substrate and the deposition mask are secured in the substrate carrier apparatus. | Generally, examples described herein relate to deposition masks and methods of manufacturing and using such deposition masks. An example includes a method for forming a deposition mask. A mask layer is deposited on a substrate. Mask openings are patterned through the mask layer. A central portion of the substrate is removed to define a substrate opening through a periphery portion of the substrate. The mask layer with the mask openings through the mask layer extending across the substrate opening.1. A method for forming a deposition mask, the method comprising:
depositing a mask layer on a substrate; patterning mask openings through the mask layer; and removing a central portion of the substrate to define a substrate opening through a periphery portion of the substrate, the mask layer with the mask openings through the mask layer extending across the substrate opening. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mask openings through the mask layer have a ratio of a depth of the respective mask opening to a width of the respective mask opening that is 1:1 or less. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mask layer is deposited with a tensile stress. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
depositing a first protective layer on the substrate, the mask layer being deposited on the first protective layer;
depositing a second protective layer on the mask layer, the mask openings being patterned through the first protective layer and the second protective layer; and
removing portions of the first protective layer and the second protective layer. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
depositing a spacer layer on the mask layer; and
patterning the spacer layer into a spacer element, scribe line areas being defined between groups of the mask openings, the spacer element being along at least some of the scribe line areas. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
forming a support matrix on the mask layer and in the substrate opening, scribe line areas being defined between groups of the mask openings, the support matrix being along at least some of the scribe line areas and contacting the periphery portion of the substrate. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing the mask layer on the substrate includes:
depositing a first conductive mask layer on the substrate; depositing an insulator mask layer on the first conductive mask layer; and depositing a second conductive mask layer on the insulator mask layer. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein patterning the mask openings through the mask layer includes:
patterning first trenches through the second conductive mask layer; and patterning, through the substrate opening, second trenches through the first conductive mask layer, at least the first trenches, the second trenches, or a combination thereof being through the insulator mask layer, intersections of the first trenches and the second trenches forming the mask openings. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising attaching a carrier frame to the mask layer and the substrate, an outer frame of the carrier frame circumscribing the periphery portion of the substrate. 10. A semiconductor processing structure comprising:
a deposition mask comprising:
an annular substrate having a substrate opening through the annular substrate; and
a mask layer on the annular substrate and extending across the substrate opening, the mask layer having mask openings through the mask layer and aligned within the substrate opening. 11. The semiconductor processing structure of claim 10, wherein the mask openings through the mask layer have a ratio of a depth of the respective mask opening to a width of the respective mask opening that is 1:1 or less. 12. The semiconductor processing structure of claim 10, wherein the deposition mask further comprises a spacer element on the mask layer opposite from the annular substrate, scribe line areas being defined between groups of the mask openings, the spacer element being along at least some of the scribe line areas. 13. The semiconductor processing structure of claim 10, wherein the deposition mask further comprises a support matrix on the mask layer and in the substrate opening, scribe line areas being defined between groups of the mask openings, the support matrix being along at least some of the scribe line areas and contacting the annular substrate. 14. The semiconductor processing structure of claim 10, wherein the mask layer includes:
a first conductive mask layer on the annular substrate, first trenches being through the first conductive mask layer; an insulator mask layer on the first conductive mask layer; and a second conductive mask layer on the insulator mask layer, second trenches being through the second conductive mask layer; at least the first trenches, the second trenches, or a combination thereof being through the insulator mask layer, intersections of the first trenches and the second trenches forming the mask openings. 15. The semiconductor processing structure of claim 10 further comprising a carrier frame attached to the deposition mask, an outer frame of the carrier frame circumscribing the annular substrate. 16. A method for semiconductor processing, the method comprising:
securing a device substrate and a deposition mask in a substrate carrier apparatus, the deposition mask being secured on the device substrate, the deposition mask comprising:
an annular substrate having a substrate opening through the annular substrate; and
a mask layer on the annular substrate and extending across the substrate opening, the mask layer having mask openings through the mask layer and aligned within the substrate opening;
transporting the substrate carrier apparatus with the device substrate and the deposition mask secured therein to a semiconductor processing chamber; and depositing, in the semiconductor processing chamber, a material on the device substrate through the substrate opening and the mask openings. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the mask openings through the mask layer have a ratio of a depth of the respective mask opening to a width of the respective mask opening that is 1:1 or less. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein depositing the material through the substrate opening and the mask openings includes depositing an organic material using evaporation. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the mask layer includes a conductive mask layer, and depositing the material through the substrate opening and the mask openings includes flowing an electrical current through the conductive mask layer. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the deposition mask includes a spacer element on the mask layer, the spacer element being disposed between the device substrate and the mask layer when the device substrate and the deposition mask are secured in the substrate carrier apparatus. | 3,600 |
348,963 | 16,806,522 | 3,671 | A testing platform tests an electrical and mechanical system such as an HVAC unit according to an algorithm that reduces the total testing time of the components of the system, while ensuring the safety of the system during system-wide testing. The platform uses constraints that are checked both before and during the testing to ensure that HVAC operating conditions are acceptable for starting and maintaining component tests. Preferably, the platform uses finite-state machines for each device to organize the component tests, allowing for monitoring of constraints and starting, pausing, and stopping component tests. Preferably, total test execution time is reduced by running component tests in parallel, running component tests based on loads of the components, or combinations of both. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method of testing an electrical and mechanical system including interconnected devices, each device including one or more components, the method comprising:
identifying a component test for each component tested; grouping components of the interconnected devices into groups such that components in each of the groups are tested in parallel; dynamically scheduling execution of the component tests to minimize a total execution time of the component tests based on criteria including the groups, at least one prerequisite constraint for starting execution of the component tests, and at least one prerequisite safety constraint for maintaining execution of the component tests; and executing the component tests on the interconnected devices based on the scheduling. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the criteria further include states of at least one of the components. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising monitoring changes in the states of the components and updating at least one of the constraints based on the changes in the states of the components. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one of the constraints is updated asynchronously. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
selecting a first set of the components for testing based on loads on the devices; selecting a second set of the components for testing only after testing of the first set of the components is completed; and selecting constraints to delay testing of the second set of the components only after testing of the first set of the components is completed. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
detecting a component that is unresponsive to a corresponding component test; placing the unresponsive component into a recovery state; and updating the constraints to indicate that the unresponsive component is removed from the groups. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the components are selected from the group consisting of a chiller, a fan, a valve, a duct, an airflow sensor, a thermometer, a heating coil, a vent, a pump, variable air volume boxes, a radiator, a boiler, an actuator, and any combination thereof. 9. The method of claim 2, further comprising associating a finite-state machine with each device of the interconnected devices,
wherein states of a finite-state machine correspond to a corresponding component test. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising automatically generating the multiple finite-state machines from the constraints. 11. A testing system for testing an electrical and mechanical system comprising:
a processor; and a computer readable medium in communication with the processor and having stored thereon computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a test method, the computer-executable instructions including:
multiple finite-state machines, each finite state machine corresponding to one or more interconnected devices of the electrical and mechanical system, wherein states of the multiple finite-state machines correspond to component tests for testing components of the one or more interconnected devices; and
a scheduler configured to (a) query at least one test enabler set, which includes constraints to satisfy in order for one or more component tests to continue executing, before starting the one or more component tests, (b) dynamically control the multiple finite-state machines to execute the component tests according to groups of the components such that components in each group are tested in parallel such that a total execution time of the component tests is minimized, and (c) query at least one test safety set, which includes constraints to satisfy in order for one or more component tests to continue executing, before stopping execution of the one or more component tests. 12. The testing system of claim 11, wherein the computer-executable instructions further comprise a condition finite-state machine for monitoring results of the component tests and updating the constraints based on the results. 13. The testing system of claim 11, wherein the computer readable medium has stored thereon a description file including:
a description of physical interconnections of one or more components; and a state of each of the one or more components. 14. The testing system of claim 11, wherein the electrical and mechanical system includes a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning unit. 15. The testing system of claim 14, wherein the components are selected from the group consisting of a chiller, a fan, a valve, a duct, an airflow sensor, a thermometer, a heating coil, a vent, a pump, variable air volume boxes, a radiator, a boiler, an actuator, and any combination thereof. 16. The testing system of claim 11, wherein the testing system is coupled to the electrical and mechanical system over a network. 17. The testing system of claim 16, wherein the network includes a cloud network. 18. The testing system of claim 11, wherein each component includes an associated test list package, wherein the test list package includes one or more test lists, and wherein each test list of the one or more test lists includes a list of component tests for testing operation of a component. | A testing platform tests an electrical and mechanical system such as an HVAC unit according to an algorithm that reduces the total testing time of the components of the system, while ensuring the safety of the system during system-wide testing. The platform uses constraints that are checked both before and during the testing to ensure that HVAC operating conditions are acceptable for starting and maintaining component tests. Preferably, the platform uses finite-state machines for each device to organize the component tests, allowing for monitoring of constraints and starting, pausing, and stopping component tests. Preferably, total test execution time is reduced by running component tests in parallel, running component tests based on loads of the components, or combinations of both.1. (canceled) 2. A method of testing an electrical and mechanical system including interconnected devices, each device including one or more components, the method comprising:
identifying a component test for each component tested; grouping components of the interconnected devices into groups such that components in each of the groups are tested in parallel; dynamically scheduling execution of the component tests to minimize a total execution time of the component tests based on criteria including the groups, at least one prerequisite constraint for starting execution of the component tests, and at least one prerequisite safety constraint for maintaining execution of the component tests; and executing the component tests on the interconnected devices based on the scheduling. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the criteria further include states of at least one of the components. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising monitoring changes in the states of the components and updating at least one of the constraints based on the changes in the states of the components. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one of the constraints is updated asynchronously. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
selecting a first set of the components for testing based on loads on the devices; selecting a second set of the components for testing only after testing of the first set of the components is completed; and selecting constraints to delay testing of the second set of the components only after testing of the first set of the components is completed. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
detecting a component that is unresponsive to a corresponding component test; placing the unresponsive component into a recovery state; and updating the constraints to indicate that the unresponsive component is removed from the groups. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the components are selected from the group consisting of a chiller, a fan, a valve, a duct, an airflow sensor, a thermometer, a heating coil, a vent, a pump, variable air volume boxes, a radiator, a boiler, an actuator, and any combination thereof. 9. The method of claim 2, further comprising associating a finite-state machine with each device of the interconnected devices,
wherein states of a finite-state machine correspond to a corresponding component test. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising automatically generating the multiple finite-state machines from the constraints. 11. A testing system for testing an electrical and mechanical system comprising:
a processor; and a computer readable medium in communication with the processor and having stored thereon computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a test method, the computer-executable instructions including:
multiple finite-state machines, each finite state machine corresponding to one or more interconnected devices of the electrical and mechanical system, wherein states of the multiple finite-state machines correspond to component tests for testing components of the one or more interconnected devices; and
a scheduler configured to (a) query at least one test enabler set, which includes constraints to satisfy in order for one or more component tests to continue executing, before starting the one or more component tests, (b) dynamically control the multiple finite-state machines to execute the component tests according to groups of the components such that components in each group are tested in parallel such that a total execution time of the component tests is minimized, and (c) query at least one test safety set, which includes constraints to satisfy in order for one or more component tests to continue executing, before stopping execution of the one or more component tests. 12. The testing system of claim 11, wherein the computer-executable instructions further comprise a condition finite-state machine for monitoring results of the component tests and updating the constraints based on the results. 13. The testing system of claim 11, wherein the computer readable medium has stored thereon a description file including:
a description of physical interconnections of one or more components; and a state of each of the one or more components. 14. The testing system of claim 11, wherein the electrical and mechanical system includes a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning unit. 15. The testing system of claim 14, wherein the components are selected from the group consisting of a chiller, a fan, a valve, a duct, an airflow sensor, a thermometer, a heating coil, a vent, a pump, variable air volume boxes, a radiator, a boiler, an actuator, and any combination thereof. 16. The testing system of claim 11, wherein the testing system is coupled to the electrical and mechanical system over a network. 17. The testing system of claim 16, wherein the network includes a cloud network. 18. The testing system of claim 11, wherein each component includes an associated test list package, wherein the test list package includes one or more test lists, and wherein each test list of the one or more test lists includes a list of component tests for testing operation of a component. | 3,600 |
348,964 | 16,806,456 | 3,671 | An approach for the reliable detection of smartphones within vehicles. The cloud instructs two smartphones, which both detect an in-vehicle detection system, to report signals that reflect major sensor events, together with the timing using their respective clocks. By sending local clock timing and time-sensitive beacon content information to the cloud, the offset between the two smartphone clocks may be determined, thereby enhancing the reliability of the in-vehicle detection of the smartphones. | 1. A method of in-vehicle presence detection comprising:
detecting, by a first mobile device, a signal having a characteristic of an in-vehicle detection system; detecting, by a second device, the signal, the signal including content that is unique within a time space of an offset between the first mobile device and the second device, wherein the second device is a second mobile device or is a vehicle mounted device; transmitting, by the first mobile device and the second device, a first indication and a second indication to a cloud solution, wherein the first indication and the second indication represent respective detections of the signal having the characteristic of the in-vehicle detection system; receiving, by the first mobile device, a first instruction from the cloud solution to analyze one or more first sensor signals to determine a first event; receiving, by the second device, a second instruction from the cloud solution to analyze one or more second sensor signals to determine a second event; transmitting, by the first mobile device, first information reflecting the first event and its respective first timing based on a first clock of the first mobile device; transmitting, by the second device, second information reflecting the second event and its respective second timing based on a second clock of the second device; cross-correlating, by the cloud solution, the first event, the second event, the first timing, the second timing and the content to generate an indication of in-vehicle presence. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal is one of a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal, an ultrasound (US) signal, an infrared signal, or a combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more first sensor signals include signals from one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, or a pressure sensor. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
utilizing a stacked convolutional encoder configured to perform feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of the signal. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cross-correlating includes warping a temporal dimension to find a best correlation in the first event and the second event. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first event or the second event is a transition event that is identified as originating by a transmitter at a transition location on a travel route. 7. An in-vehicle presence detection system comprising at least one processor, the at least one processor configured to:
detect, by a first mobile device, a signal having a characteristic of an in-vehicle detection system; detect, by a second device, the signal, the signal including content that is unique within a time space of an offset between the first mobile device and the second device, wherein the second device is a second mobile device or is a vehicle mounted device; transmit, by the first mobile device and the second device, a first indication and a second indication to a cloud solution, wherein the first indication and the second indication represent respective detections of the signal having the characteristic of the in-vehicle detection system; receive, by the first mobile device, a first instruction from the cloud solution to analyze one or more first sensor signals to determine a first event; receive, by the second device, a second instruction from the cloud solution to analyze one or more second sensor signals to determine a second event; transmit, by the first mobile device, first information reflecting the first event and its respective first timing based on a first clock of the first mobile device; transmit, by the second device, second information reflecting the second event and its respective second timing based on a second clock of the second device; cross-correlate, by the cloud solution, the first event, the second event, the first timing, the second timing and the content to generate an indication of in-vehicle presence. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the signal is one of a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal, an ultrasound (US) signal, an infrared signal, or a combination thereof. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more first sensor signals include signals from one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, or a pressure sensor. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to utilize a stacked convolutional encoder configured to perform feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of the signal. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cross-correlate by warping a temporal dimension to find a best correlation in the first event and the second event. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the first event or the second event is a transition event that is identified as originating by a transmitter at a transition location on a travel route. 13. A method of in-vehicle presence detection comprising:
detecting, by a first mobile device, a signal having a characteristic of an in-vehicle detection system; detecting, by a second device, the signal, the signal including content that is unique within a time space of an offset between the first mobile device and the second device, wherein the second device is a second mobile device or is a vehicle mounted device; transmitting, by the first mobile device and the second device, a first indication and a second indication to a cloud solution, wherein the first indication and the second indication represent respective detections of the signal having the characteristic of the in-vehicle detection system; selecting, using an algorithm executed by the first mobile device, one or more first portions of one or more first sensor signals for analysis to determine a first event; selecting, using the algorithm executed by the second device, one or more second portions of one or more second sensor signals for analysis to determine a second event; transmitting, by the first mobile device, first information reflecting the first event and its respective first timing based on a first clock of the first mobile device; transmitting, by the second device, second information reflecting the second event and its respective second timing based on a second clock of the second device; cross-correlating, by the cloud solution, the first event, the second event, the first timing, the second timing and the content to generate an indication of in-vehicle presence. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the signal is one of a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal, an ultrasound (US) signal, an infrared signal, or a combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more first sensor signals include signals from one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, or a pressure sensor. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
utilizing a stacked convolutional encoder configured to perform feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of the signal. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the cross-correlating includes warping a temporal dimension to find a best correlation in the first event and the second event. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein at least one of the first event or the second event is a transition event that is identified as originating by a transmitter at a transition location on a travel route. 19. An in-vehicle presence detection system comprising at least one processor, the at least one processor configured to:
detect, by a first mobile device, a signal having a characteristic of an in-vehicle detection system; detect, by a second device, the signal, the signal including content that is unique within a time space of an offset between the first mobile device and the second device, wherein the second device is a second mobile device or is a vehicle mounted device; transmit, by the first mobile device and the second device, a first indication and a second indication to a cloud solution, wherein the first indication and the second indication represent respective detections of the signal having the characteristic of the in-vehicle detection system; select, using an algorithm executed by the first mobile device, one or more first portions of one or more first sensor signals for analysis to determine a first event; select, using the algorithm executed by the second device, one or more second portions of one or more second sensor signals for analysis to determine a second event; transmit, by the first mobile device, first information reflecting the first event and its respective first timing based on a first clock of the first mobile device; transmit, by the second device, second information reflecting the second event and its respective second timing based on a second clock of the second device; cross-correlate, by the cloud solution, the first event, the second event, the first timing, the second timing and the content to generate an indication of in-vehicle presence. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the signal is one of a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal, an ultrasound (US) signal, an infrared signal, or a combination thereof. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the one or more first sensor signals include signals from one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, or a pressure sensor. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to utilize a stacked convolutional encoder configured to perform feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of the signal. 23. The system of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cross-correlate by warping a temporal dimension to find a best correlation in the first event and the second event. 24. The system of claim 19, wherein at least one of the first event or the second event is a transition event that is identified as originating by a transmitter at a transition location on a travel route. | An approach for the reliable detection of smartphones within vehicles. The cloud instructs two smartphones, which both detect an in-vehicle detection system, to report signals that reflect major sensor events, together with the timing using their respective clocks. By sending local clock timing and time-sensitive beacon content information to the cloud, the offset between the two smartphone clocks may be determined, thereby enhancing the reliability of the in-vehicle detection of the smartphones.1. A method of in-vehicle presence detection comprising:
detecting, by a first mobile device, a signal having a characteristic of an in-vehicle detection system; detecting, by a second device, the signal, the signal including content that is unique within a time space of an offset between the first mobile device and the second device, wherein the second device is a second mobile device or is a vehicle mounted device; transmitting, by the first mobile device and the second device, a first indication and a second indication to a cloud solution, wherein the first indication and the second indication represent respective detections of the signal having the characteristic of the in-vehicle detection system; receiving, by the first mobile device, a first instruction from the cloud solution to analyze one or more first sensor signals to determine a first event; receiving, by the second device, a second instruction from the cloud solution to analyze one or more second sensor signals to determine a second event; transmitting, by the first mobile device, first information reflecting the first event and its respective first timing based on a first clock of the first mobile device; transmitting, by the second device, second information reflecting the second event and its respective second timing based on a second clock of the second device; cross-correlating, by the cloud solution, the first event, the second event, the first timing, the second timing and the content to generate an indication of in-vehicle presence. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal is one of a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal, an ultrasound (US) signal, an infrared signal, or a combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more first sensor signals include signals from one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, or a pressure sensor. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
utilizing a stacked convolutional encoder configured to perform feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of the signal. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cross-correlating includes warping a temporal dimension to find a best correlation in the first event and the second event. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first event or the second event is a transition event that is identified as originating by a transmitter at a transition location on a travel route. 7. An in-vehicle presence detection system comprising at least one processor, the at least one processor configured to:
detect, by a first mobile device, a signal having a characteristic of an in-vehicle detection system; detect, by a second device, the signal, the signal including content that is unique within a time space of an offset between the first mobile device and the second device, wherein the second device is a second mobile device or is a vehicle mounted device; transmit, by the first mobile device and the second device, a first indication and a second indication to a cloud solution, wherein the first indication and the second indication represent respective detections of the signal having the characteristic of the in-vehicle detection system; receive, by the first mobile device, a first instruction from the cloud solution to analyze one or more first sensor signals to determine a first event; receive, by the second device, a second instruction from the cloud solution to analyze one or more second sensor signals to determine a second event; transmit, by the first mobile device, first information reflecting the first event and its respective first timing based on a first clock of the first mobile device; transmit, by the second device, second information reflecting the second event and its respective second timing based on a second clock of the second device; cross-correlate, by the cloud solution, the first event, the second event, the first timing, the second timing and the content to generate an indication of in-vehicle presence. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the signal is one of a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal, an ultrasound (US) signal, an infrared signal, or a combination thereof. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more first sensor signals include signals from one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, or a pressure sensor. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to utilize a stacked convolutional encoder configured to perform feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of the signal. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cross-correlate by warping a temporal dimension to find a best correlation in the first event and the second event. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the first event or the second event is a transition event that is identified as originating by a transmitter at a transition location on a travel route. 13. A method of in-vehicle presence detection comprising:
detecting, by a first mobile device, a signal having a characteristic of an in-vehicle detection system; detecting, by a second device, the signal, the signal including content that is unique within a time space of an offset between the first mobile device and the second device, wherein the second device is a second mobile device or is a vehicle mounted device; transmitting, by the first mobile device and the second device, a first indication and a second indication to a cloud solution, wherein the first indication and the second indication represent respective detections of the signal having the characteristic of the in-vehicle detection system; selecting, using an algorithm executed by the first mobile device, one or more first portions of one or more first sensor signals for analysis to determine a first event; selecting, using the algorithm executed by the second device, one or more second portions of one or more second sensor signals for analysis to determine a second event; transmitting, by the first mobile device, first information reflecting the first event and its respective first timing based on a first clock of the first mobile device; transmitting, by the second device, second information reflecting the second event and its respective second timing based on a second clock of the second device; cross-correlating, by the cloud solution, the first event, the second event, the first timing, the second timing and the content to generate an indication of in-vehicle presence. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the signal is one of a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal, an ultrasound (US) signal, an infrared signal, or a combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more first sensor signals include signals from one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, or a pressure sensor. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
utilizing a stacked convolutional encoder configured to perform feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of the signal. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the cross-correlating includes warping a temporal dimension to find a best correlation in the first event and the second event. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein at least one of the first event or the second event is a transition event that is identified as originating by a transmitter at a transition location on a travel route. 19. An in-vehicle presence detection system comprising at least one processor, the at least one processor configured to:
detect, by a first mobile device, a signal having a characteristic of an in-vehicle detection system; detect, by a second device, the signal, the signal including content that is unique within a time space of an offset between the first mobile device and the second device, wherein the second device is a second mobile device or is a vehicle mounted device; transmit, by the first mobile device and the second device, a first indication and a second indication to a cloud solution, wherein the first indication and the second indication represent respective detections of the signal having the characteristic of the in-vehicle detection system; select, using an algorithm executed by the first mobile device, one or more first portions of one or more first sensor signals for analysis to determine a first event; select, using the algorithm executed by the second device, one or more second portions of one or more second sensor signals for analysis to determine a second event; transmit, by the first mobile device, first information reflecting the first event and its respective first timing based on a first clock of the first mobile device; transmit, by the second device, second information reflecting the second event and its respective second timing based on a second clock of the second device; cross-correlate, by the cloud solution, the first event, the second event, the first timing, the second timing and the content to generate an indication of in-vehicle presence. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the signal is one of a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal, an ultrasound (US) signal, an infrared signal, or a combination thereof. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the one or more first sensor signals include signals from one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, or a pressure sensor. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to utilize a stacked convolutional encoder configured to perform feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of the signal. 23. The system of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cross-correlate by warping a temporal dimension to find a best correlation in the first event and the second event. 24. The system of claim 19, wherein at least one of the first event or the second event is a transition event that is identified as originating by a transmitter at a transition location on a travel route. | 3,600 |
348,965 | 16,806,496 | 3,671 | A subject matter of the present invention is the cosmetic use of at least one compound of formula (I): | 1. A compound of formula (III): 2. A compound of formula 3. A compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of Y, Y-Et, Y′, Y′-Et, Z and Z-Et, one of its stereoisomers and/or solvates and/or one of its salts, the configuration being Z or E: 4. A compound of formula (IV): 5. A compound selected from the compounds X and X-Et, one of its stereoisomers and/or solvates and/or one of its salts, the configuration being Z or E 6. A compound of formula (V): 7. A compound W-Et, one of its stereoisomers and/or solvates, the configuration being Z or E 8. A composition, comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, at least one compound of formula (III), as defined in claim 1. 9. A composition comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, at least one compound of formula (III′) as defined in claim 2. 10. A composition comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, at least one compound of formula (IV) as defined in claim 3. 11. A composition comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, at least one compound of formula (V) as defined in claim 6. | A subject matter of the present invention is the cosmetic use of at least one compound of formula (I):1. A compound of formula (III): 2. A compound of formula 3. A compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of Y, Y-Et, Y′, Y′-Et, Z and Z-Et, one of its stereoisomers and/or solvates and/or one of its salts, the configuration being Z or E: 4. A compound of formula (IV): 5. A compound selected from the compounds X and X-Et, one of its stereoisomers and/or solvates and/or one of its salts, the configuration being Z or E 6. A compound of formula (V): 7. A compound W-Et, one of its stereoisomers and/or solvates, the configuration being Z or E 8. A composition, comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, at least one compound of formula (III), as defined in claim 1. 9. A composition comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, at least one compound of formula (III′) as defined in claim 2. 10. A composition comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, at least one compound of formula (IV) as defined in claim 3. 11. A composition comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, at least one compound of formula (V) as defined in claim 6. | 3,600 |
348,966 | 16,806,502 | 3,671 | An image heating apparatus includes a frame having first and second side plates. A cylindrical film is provided between the side plates, and a heater contacts an inner surface of the film. A roller forms a nip in cooperation with the heater through the film, and an image, formed on a recording material, is heated by heat of the heater, while moving in the nip. A holder holds the heater, and is provided in an inside space of the film. With respect to a longitudinal direction, a length of the holder is greater than a distance between the side plates. In addition, a stay, formed of metal, reinforces the holder, and is provided in the inside space of the film. A length of the stay is greater than the distance between the side plates, and a position of the stay with respect to the longitudinal direction is determined by the holder. | 1. An image heating apparatus comprising:
(A) a frame including:
(a) a first side plate provided at one end portion; and
(b) a second side plate provided at another end portion with respect to a longitudinal direction of said image heating apparatus;
(B) a cylindrical film provided between said first side plate and said second side plate; (C) a heater contacting an inner surface of said film; (D) a roller forming a nip portion, for nipping and feeding a recording material, in cooperation with the heater through said film, wherein an image, formed on the recording material, is heated by heat of said heater, while the recording material moves in the nip portion; (E) a holder for holding said heater, said holder being provided in an inside space of said film, and, with respect to the longitudinal direction, a length of said holder is greater than a distance between said first side plate and said second side plate; and (F) a stay for reinforcing said holder, formed of metal, said stay being provided in the inside space of said film, and having a length greater than the distance between said first side plate and said second side plate, wherein a position of said stay with respect to the longitudinal direction is determined by said holder. 2.-3. (canceled) | An image heating apparatus includes a frame having first and second side plates. A cylindrical film is provided between the side plates, and a heater contacts an inner surface of the film. A roller forms a nip in cooperation with the heater through the film, and an image, formed on a recording material, is heated by heat of the heater, while moving in the nip. A holder holds the heater, and is provided in an inside space of the film. With respect to a longitudinal direction, a length of the holder is greater than a distance between the side plates. In addition, a stay, formed of metal, reinforces the holder, and is provided in the inside space of the film. A length of the stay is greater than the distance between the side plates, and a position of the stay with respect to the longitudinal direction is determined by the holder.1. An image heating apparatus comprising:
(A) a frame including:
(a) a first side plate provided at one end portion; and
(b) a second side plate provided at another end portion with respect to a longitudinal direction of said image heating apparatus;
(B) a cylindrical film provided between said first side plate and said second side plate; (C) a heater contacting an inner surface of said film; (D) a roller forming a nip portion, for nipping and feeding a recording material, in cooperation with the heater through said film, wherein an image, formed on the recording material, is heated by heat of said heater, while the recording material moves in the nip portion; (E) a holder for holding said heater, said holder being provided in an inside space of said film, and, with respect to the longitudinal direction, a length of said holder is greater than a distance between said first side plate and said second side plate; and (F) a stay for reinforcing said holder, formed of metal, said stay being provided in the inside space of said film, and having a length greater than the distance between said first side plate and said second side plate, wherein a position of said stay with respect to the longitudinal direction is determined by said holder. 2.-3. (canceled) | 3,600 |
348,967 | 16,806,462 | 3,671 | A package that is configured to store and dispense fluids. The package includes a container and a dosing dispenser for closing an opening to the container. The dosing dispenser includes a body portion having a syringe receiver that is configured to receive a syringe to remove fluid from the container. | 1. A closure comprising
an inner cap including an inner top wall formed to include a first opening, an inner side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the inner top wall and circumferentially around a central axis, and an inner plug unit coupled to an outer surface of the inner top wall and arranged to extend upwardly away from the inner top wall, an outer cap including an outer top wall formed to include a second opening, an outer side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the outer top wall and that extends circumferentially about the central axis, and an outer plug unit coupled to a bottom surface of the outer top wall and arranged to extend downwardly away from the top wall, the outer cap being mounted to the inner cap for rotation relative to the inner cap about the central axis from a closed position in which the outer top wall and the inner top wall are spaced apart from one another by a first distance and the inner plug unit and the outer plug unit cooperate to block fluid flow through the first and second openings, to an opened position, in which the outer top wall is spaced apart from the inner top wall by a second distance greater than the first distance and first and second openings are opened to allow fluid to flow therethrough, the outer cap being adapted to receive a syringe to remove a fluid from the chamber when the outer cap is in the opened position, and an anti-suction configured to block formation of a seal between a child's mouth and an upper surface of the outer top wall so that, if the child attempts to apply a suction force on the outer top wall over the second opening, air is drawn into the child's mouth without any fluid being removed through the second opening. 2. The closure of claim 1, wherein the anti-suction feature includes an anti-suction ring coupled to the upper surface of outer top wall and arranged to surround a perimeter edge of the first opening and a plurality of anti-suction ribs arranged to extend outwardly away from the anti-suction ring toward an outer perimeter of the outer top wall. 3. The closure of claim 2, wherein the anti-suction ring is formed to include a plurality of slots spaced circumferentially apart from one another around the first opening. 4. The closure of claim 3, wherein the plurality of anti-suction ribs are spaced apart from one another to provide a plurality of airflow recesses therebetween and at least one slot of the plurality of slots formed in the anti-suction ring is aligned with each space provided by the plurality of anti-suction ribs. 5. The closure of claim 4, wherein the outer top wall is formed to include a plurality of bypass apertures arranged to extend through the outer top wall and that are located circumferentially between neighboring ribs of the plurality of ribs. 6. The closure of claim 5, wherein the outer side wall is formed to include a plurality of axially-extending slots formed on an inner surface of the outer side wall to allow air to flow between the outer side wall and the inner side wall and through the bypass apertures formed in the outer top wall. 7. The closure of claim 2, wherein each of the ribs included in the plurality of ribs has a rib height and each of the slots included in the plurality of slots formed in the anti-suction ring has a slot depth that is less than or equal to the rib height. 8. The closure of claim 7, wherein the anti-suction ring has a ring height that is greater than the rib height. 9. The closure of claim 8, wherein the rib height is about half of the ring height. 10. The closure of claim 2, wherein the outer top wall includes an outer perimeter coupled the outer side wall and a concave bowl arranged to slope downwardly toward the inner top wall as the concave bowl extends inward from the outer perimeter toward the central axis. 11. The closure of claim 1, wherein the outer plug unit includes an outer seal ring that extends circumferentially around the central axis to define a chamber radially inward of the outer seal ring and a first plug that extends downwardly from the outer top wall into the chamber, and
wherein the outer plug unit is entirely below the outer top wall and the outer top wall includes an outer perimeter coupled the outer side wall and a concave bowl arranged to slope downwardly toward the inner top wall as the concave bowl extends inward from the outer perimeter toward the central axis. 12. The closure of claim 11, wherein the inner plug unit includes an inner seal ring and a second plug, the inner seal arranged to extend upwardly from the inner top wall into the chamber and has a diameter that is less than a diameter of the outer seal ring such that an outer surface of the inner seal ring engages an inner surface of the outer seal ring to block fluid from passing between the outer seal ring and the inner seal ring, and wherein the second plug extends upwardly away from the inner top wall and engages the first plug when the outer cap is in the closed position to block fluid flow out of the chamber, and
wherein the second plug includes an upper cap spaced apart from the inner top wall and a plurality of spacer ribs that interconnect the inner top wall and the upper cap and define a plurality of slots between one another, and the upper cap extends into the first plug when the outer cap is in the closed position to block fluid flow through the chamber. 13. The closure of claim 12, wherein the first plug and the second plug are spaced apart from one another when the outer cap is in the opened position to allow fluid flow through the plurality of slots and the chamber and out of the second opening in the outer top wall. 14. The closure of claim 1, further comprising a closure-release mechanism includes first and second lock tabs coupled to an inner surface of the side wall of the outer cap and arranged to extend inwardly toward the central axis, first and second tab blockers fixed in position relative to the outer cap and that engage the first and second lock tabs in the closed position to block rotation of the outer cap relative to the inner cap from the closed position to the opened position until an inward force is applied on the outer side wall of the outer cap sufficient to deform the outer cap and move the first and second lock tabs outwardly away from the first and second tab blockers. 15. A closure comprising
an inner cap including an inner top wall formed to include a first opening, an inner side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the inner top wall and circumferentially around a central axis, and an inner plug unit coupled to an outer surface of the inner top wall and arranged to extend upwardly away from the inner top wall, an outer cap including an outer top wall formed to include a second opening, an outer side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the outer top wall and that extends circumferentially about the central axis, and an outer plug unit coupled to a bottom surface of the outer top wall and arranged to extend downwardly away from the top wall, the outer cap being mounted to the inner cap for rotation relative to the inner cap about the central axis from a closed position in which the outer top wall and the inner top wall are spaced apart from one another by a first distance and the inner plug unit and the outer plug unit cooperate to block fluid flow through the first and second openings, to an opened position, in which the outer top wall is spaced apart from the inner top wall by a second distance greater than the first distance and first and second openings are opened to allow fluid to flow therethrough, the outer cap being adapted to receive a syringe to remove a fluid from the chamber when the outer cap is in the opened position, and a child-resistant closure-release mechanism configured to block rotation of the outer cap relative to the inner cap from the closed position to the opened position. 16. The closure of claim 15, further comprising an anti-suction feature including an anti-suction ring coupled to the upper surface of outer top wall and arranged to surround a perimeter edge of the first opening and a plurality of anti-suction ribs arranged to extend outwardly away from the anti-suction ring toward an outer perimeter of the outer top wall, wherein the anti-suction ring is formed to include a plurality of slots spaced circumferentially apart from one another around the first opening, and wherein the plurality of anti-suction ribs are spaced apart from one another to provide a plurality of airflow recesses therebetween and at least one slot of the plurality of slots formed in the anti-suction ring is aligned with each space provided by the plurality of anti-suction ribs. 17. The closure of claim 15, wherein the outer plug unit is arranged entirely below the outer top wall and the outer top wall includes an outer perimeter coupled the outer side wall and a concave bowl arranged to slope downwardly toward the inner top wall as the concave bowl extends inward from the outer perimeter toward the central axis, and wherein the outer plug unit includes an outer seal ring that extends circumferentially around the central axis to define a chamber radially inward of the outer seal ring and a first plug that extends downwardly from the outer top wall into the chamber. 18. The closure of claim 16, wherein the inner plug unit includes an inner seal ring and a second plug, the inner seal arranged to extend upwardly from the inner top wall into the chamber and has a diameter that is less than a diameter of the outer seal ring such that an outer surface of the inner seal ring engages an inner surface of the outer seal ring to block fluid from passing between the outer seal ring and the inner seal ring, and wherein the second plug extends upwardly away from the inner top wall and engages the first plug when the outer cap is in the closed position to block fluid flow out of the chamber. 19. A closure comprising
an inner cap including an inner top wall formed to include a first opening and an inner side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the inner top wall and circumferentially around a central axis, an outer cap including an outer top wall formed to include a second opening, an outer side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the outer top wall and that extends circumferentially about the central axis, the outer cap being mounted to the inner cap for rotation relative to the inner cap about the central axis from a closed position to an opened position, and an anti-suction feature coupled to an upper surface of the outer top wall and arranged circumferentially around the second opening and configured to block formation of a seal between a child's mouth and an upper surface of the outer top wall so that, if the child attempts to apply a suction force on the outer top wall over the second opening, air is drawn into the child's mouth without any fluid being removed through the second opening. 20. The closure of claim 19, wherein the anti-suction feature includes an anti-suction ring coupled to the upper surface of outer top wall and arranged to surround a perimeter edge of the first opening and a plurality of anti-suction ribs arranged to extend outwardly away from the anti-suction ring toward an outer perimeter of the outer top wall,
wherein the inner cap further includes an inner plug unit and the outer cap further includes an outer plug unit, the outer plug unit is arranged entirely below the outer top wall, wherein the outer plug unit includes an outer seal ring that extends circumferentially around the central axis to define a chamber radially inward of the outer seal ring and a first plug that extends downwardly from the outer top wall into the chamber, and wherein the inner plug unit includes an inner seal ring and a second plug, the inner seal arranged to extend upwardly from the inner top wall into the chamber and has a diameter that is less than a diameter of the outer seal ring such that an outer surface of the inner seal ring engages an inner surface of the outer seal ring to block fluid from passing between the outer seal ring and the inner seal ring, and wherein the second plug extends upwardly away from the inner top wall and engages the first plug when the outer cap is in the closed position to block fluid flow out of the chamber. | A package that is configured to store and dispense fluids. The package includes a container and a dosing dispenser for closing an opening to the container. The dosing dispenser includes a body portion having a syringe receiver that is configured to receive a syringe to remove fluid from the container.1. A closure comprising
an inner cap including an inner top wall formed to include a first opening, an inner side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the inner top wall and circumferentially around a central axis, and an inner plug unit coupled to an outer surface of the inner top wall and arranged to extend upwardly away from the inner top wall, an outer cap including an outer top wall formed to include a second opening, an outer side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the outer top wall and that extends circumferentially about the central axis, and an outer plug unit coupled to a bottom surface of the outer top wall and arranged to extend downwardly away from the top wall, the outer cap being mounted to the inner cap for rotation relative to the inner cap about the central axis from a closed position in which the outer top wall and the inner top wall are spaced apart from one another by a first distance and the inner plug unit and the outer plug unit cooperate to block fluid flow through the first and second openings, to an opened position, in which the outer top wall is spaced apart from the inner top wall by a second distance greater than the first distance and first and second openings are opened to allow fluid to flow therethrough, the outer cap being adapted to receive a syringe to remove a fluid from the chamber when the outer cap is in the opened position, and an anti-suction configured to block formation of a seal between a child's mouth and an upper surface of the outer top wall so that, if the child attempts to apply a suction force on the outer top wall over the second opening, air is drawn into the child's mouth without any fluid being removed through the second opening. 2. The closure of claim 1, wherein the anti-suction feature includes an anti-suction ring coupled to the upper surface of outer top wall and arranged to surround a perimeter edge of the first opening and a plurality of anti-suction ribs arranged to extend outwardly away from the anti-suction ring toward an outer perimeter of the outer top wall. 3. The closure of claim 2, wherein the anti-suction ring is formed to include a plurality of slots spaced circumferentially apart from one another around the first opening. 4. The closure of claim 3, wherein the plurality of anti-suction ribs are spaced apart from one another to provide a plurality of airflow recesses therebetween and at least one slot of the plurality of slots formed in the anti-suction ring is aligned with each space provided by the plurality of anti-suction ribs. 5. The closure of claim 4, wherein the outer top wall is formed to include a plurality of bypass apertures arranged to extend through the outer top wall and that are located circumferentially between neighboring ribs of the plurality of ribs. 6. The closure of claim 5, wherein the outer side wall is formed to include a plurality of axially-extending slots formed on an inner surface of the outer side wall to allow air to flow between the outer side wall and the inner side wall and through the bypass apertures formed in the outer top wall. 7. The closure of claim 2, wherein each of the ribs included in the plurality of ribs has a rib height and each of the slots included in the plurality of slots formed in the anti-suction ring has a slot depth that is less than or equal to the rib height. 8. The closure of claim 7, wherein the anti-suction ring has a ring height that is greater than the rib height. 9. The closure of claim 8, wherein the rib height is about half of the ring height. 10. The closure of claim 2, wherein the outer top wall includes an outer perimeter coupled the outer side wall and a concave bowl arranged to slope downwardly toward the inner top wall as the concave bowl extends inward from the outer perimeter toward the central axis. 11. The closure of claim 1, wherein the outer plug unit includes an outer seal ring that extends circumferentially around the central axis to define a chamber radially inward of the outer seal ring and a first plug that extends downwardly from the outer top wall into the chamber, and
wherein the outer plug unit is entirely below the outer top wall and the outer top wall includes an outer perimeter coupled the outer side wall and a concave bowl arranged to slope downwardly toward the inner top wall as the concave bowl extends inward from the outer perimeter toward the central axis. 12. The closure of claim 11, wherein the inner plug unit includes an inner seal ring and a second plug, the inner seal arranged to extend upwardly from the inner top wall into the chamber and has a diameter that is less than a diameter of the outer seal ring such that an outer surface of the inner seal ring engages an inner surface of the outer seal ring to block fluid from passing between the outer seal ring and the inner seal ring, and wherein the second plug extends upwardly away from the inner top wall and engages the first plug when the outer cap is in the closed position to block fluid flow out of the chamber, and
wherein the second plug includes an upper cap spaced apart from the inner top wall and a plurality of spacer ribs that interconnect the inner top wall and the upper cap and define a plurality of slots between one another, and the upper cap extends into the first plug when the outer cap is in the closed position to block fluid flow through the chamber. 13. The closure of claim 12, wherein the first plug and the second plug are spaced apart from one another when the outer cap is in the opened position to allow fluid flow through the plurality of slots and the chamber and out of the second opening in the outer top wall. 14. The closure of claim 1, further comprising a closure-release mechanism includes first and second lock tabs coupled to an inner surface of the side wall of the outer cap and arranged to extend inwardly toward the central axis, first and second tab blockers fixed in position relative to the outer cap and that engage the first and second lock tabs in the closed position to block rotation of the outer cap relative to the inner cap from the closed position to the opened position until an inward force is applied on the outer side wall of the outer cap sufficient to deform the outer cap and move the first and second lock tabs outwardly away from the first and second tab blockers. 15. A closure comprising
an inner cap including an inner top wall formed to include a first opening, an inner side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the inner top wall and circumferentially around a central axis, and an inner plug unit coupled to an outer surface of the inner top wall and arranged to extend upwardly away from the inner top wall, an outer cap including an outer top wall formed to include a second opening, an outer side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the outer top wall and that extends circumferentially about the central axis, and an outer plug unit coupled to a bottom surface of the outer top wall and arranged to extend downwardly away from the top wall, the outer cap being mounted to the inner cap for rotation relative to the inner cap about the central axis from a closed position in which the outer top wall and the inner top wall are spaced apart from one another by a first distance and the inner plug unit and the outer plug unit cooperate to block fluid flow through the first and second openings, to an opened position, in which the outer top wall is spaced apart from the inner top wall by a second distance greater than the first distance and first and second openings are opened to allow fluid to flow therethrough, the outer cap being adapted to receive a syringe to remove a fluid from the chamber when the outer cap is in the opened position, and a child-resistant closure-release mechanism configured to block rotation of the outer cap relative to the inner cap from the closed position to the opened position. 16. The closure of claim 15, further comprising an anti-suction feature including an anti-suction ring coupled to the upper surface of outer top wall and arranged to surround a perimeter edge of the first opening and a plurality of anti-suction ribs arranged to extend outwardly away from the anti-suction ring toward an outer perimeter of the outer top wall, wherein the anti-suction ring is formed to include a plurality of slots spaced circumferentially apart from one another around the first opening, and wherein the plurality of anti-suction ribs are spaced apart from one another to provide a plurality of airflow recesses therebetween and at least one slot of the plurality of slots formed in the anti-suction ring is aligned with each space provided by the plurality of anti-suction ribs. 17. The closure of claim 15, wherein the outer plug unit is arranged entirely below the outer top wall and the outer top wall includes an outer perimeter coupled the outer side wall and a concave bowl arranged to slope downwardly toward the inner top wall as the concave bowl extends inward from the outer perimeter toward the central axis, and wherein the outer plug unit includes an outer seal ring that extends circumferentially around the central axis to define a chamber radially inward of the outer seal ring and a first plug that extends downwardly from the outer top wall into the chamber. 18. The closure of claim 16, wherein the inner plug unit includes an inner seal ring and a second plug, the inner seal arranged to extend upwardly from the inner top wall into the chamber and has a diameter that is less than a diameter of the outer seal ring such that an outer surface of the inner seal ring engages an inner surface of the outer seal ring to block fluid from passing between the outer seal ring and the inner seal ring, and wherein the second plug extends upwardly away from the inner top wall and engages the first plug when the outer cap is in the closed position to block fluid flow out of the chamber. 19. A closure comprising
an inner cap including an inner top wall formed to include a first opening and an inner side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the inner top wall and circumferentially around a central axis, an outer cap including an outer top wall formed to include a second opening, an outer side wall arranged to extend downwardly from the outer top wall and that extends circumferentially about the central axis, the outer cap being mounted to the inner cap for rotation relative to the inner cap about the central axis from a closed position to an opened position, and an anti-suction feature coupled to an upper surface of the outer top wall and arranged circumferentially around the second opening and configured to block formation of a seal between a child's mouth and an upper surface of the outer top wall so that, if the child attempts to apply a suction force on the outer top wall over the second opening, air is drawn into the child's mouth without any fluid being removed through the second opening. 20. The closure of claim 19, wherein the anti-suction feature includes an anti-suction ring coupled to the upper surface of outer top wall and arranged to surround a perimeter edge of the first opening and a plurality of anti-suction ribs arranged to extend outwardly away from the anti-suction ring toward an outer perimeter of the outer top wall,
wherein the inner cap further includes an inner plug unit and the outer cap further includes an outer plug unit, the outer plug unit is arranged entirely below the outer top wall, wherein the outer plug unit includes an outer seal ring that extends circumferentially around the central axis to define a chamber radially inward of the outer seal ring and a first plug that extends downwardly from the outer top wall into the chamber, and wherein the inner plug unit includes an inner seal ring and a second plug, the inner seal arranged to extend upwardly from the inner top wall into the chamber and has a diameter that is less than a diameter of the outer seal ring such that an outer surface of the inner seal ring engages an inner surface of the outer seal ring to block fluid from passing between the outer seal ring and the inner seal ring, and wherein the second plug extends upwardly away from the inner top wall and engages the first plug when the outer cap is in the closed position to block fluid flow out of the chamber. | 3,600 |
348,968 | 16,806,507 | 3,671 | An electrified vehicle having a high-voltage source, such as a traction battery, includes at least one self-destructing or otherwise irreversibly disabling integrated circuit (IC) that may be activated by a controller in response to vehicle sensor data indicative of a situation that may expose rescue or recovery personnel to a possibility of electric shock. The IC(s) may be internal to a traction battery to disconnect or disable groups of cells from one another, and/or external to the traction battery to disconnect the high-voltage source from the vehicle electrical system. | 1. An electrified vehicle, comprising:
a high-voltage traction battery having a plurality of electrically connected cell groups; an electric machine coupled to the traction battery and configured to provide propulsive force to vehicle wheels; a vehicle speed sensor; at least one integrated circuit (IC) configured to irreversibly electrically disable the traction battery from providing high-voltage power to at least the electric machine in response to a termination signal; and a controller coupled to the vehicle speed sensor and the at least one integrated circuit, the controller programmed to receive a first signal from at least the vehicle speed sensor and to generate the termination signal to electrically disable the at least one IC in response to the first signal satisfying associated disconnection criteria. 2. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 wherein the disconnection criteria includes the electrified vehicle being at a standstill. 3. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 further comprising an activation device in communication with the controller, wherein, in response to the termination signal, the activation device guides a medium into contact with the at least one IC to electrically disable the at least one IC. 4. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 wherein the at least one IC is located within the traction battery. 5. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 wherein the at least one IC electrically disconnects at least one of the plurality of cell groups from another one of the plurality of cell groups in response to the termination signal. 6. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 wherein the controller is programmed to generate the termination signal in response to receiving the first signal from an external device. 7. The electrified vehicle of claim 6 wherein the first signal is wirelessly received from the external device. 8. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 further comprising an activation device in communication with the controller, wherein, in response to the termination signal, the activation device causes energy flow to the at least one IC to electrically disable the at least one IC. 9. A method for controlling an electrified vehicle having a high-voltage source, comprising, by a vehicle controller:
receiving sensor data from at least one vehicle sensor; and communicating a termination signal to at least one integrated circuit (IC) in response to determining that the sensor data satisfies stored criteria indicative of a possibility of electrical shock from the high-voltage source to disable the high-voltage source, wherein the at least one IC irreversibly disables the high-voltage source from providing high-voltage power in response to the termination signal. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising receiving the termination signal from an external device. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the at least one vehicle sensor comprises a vehicle speed sensor. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein the at least one vehicle sensor indicates that the electrified vehicle is at a standstill. 13. The method of claim 9 wherein the at least one IC is located within the high-voltage source. 14. The method of claim 9 wherein the high-voltage source comprises a traction battery having a plurality of cell groups, and wherein the at least one IC disconnects one of the plurality of cell groups from another of the plurality of cell groups in response to the termination signal. 15. The method of claim 9 wherein communicating the termination signal comprises communicating the termination signal to an activation device that guides a medium into contact with the at least one IC to electrically disable the at least one IC. 16. An electrified vehicle, comprising:
a high-voltage battery having a plurality of electrically connected cell groups; an electric machine coupled to the battery and configured to provide propulsive force to vehicle wheels; a vehicle speed sensor; at least one self-destructing integrated circuit (IC) configured to irreversibly electrically disable the battery from providing high-voltage power to at least the electric machine in response to a termination signal; and a controller coupled to the vehicle speed sensor and the at least one IC, the controller configured to receive vehicle sensor data from at least the vehicle speed sensor and to generate the termination signal in response to the sensor data indicating a potential possibility of electrical shock from the battery. 17. The electrified vehicle of claim 16 wherein the sensor data includes a wirelessly received disconnection signal transmitted by an external device. 18. The electrified vehicle of claim 16 further comprising an activation device that guides a medium into contact with the at least one IC to destroy the at least one IC. 19. The electrified vehicle of claim 16 wherein the at least one IC is configured to disconnect one of the plurality of cell groups from another one of the plurality of cell groups in response to the termination signal. 20. The electrified vehicle of claim 16 wherein the controller is programmed to transmit a verification of disconnection signal in response to detecting that the battery has been disabled. | An electrified vehicle having a high-voltage source, such as a traction battery, includes at least one self-destructing or otherwise irreversibly disabling integrated circuit (IC) that may be activated by a controller in response to vehicle sensor data indicative of a situation that may expose rescue or recovery personnel to a possibility of electric shock. The IC(s) may be internal to a traction battery to disconnect or disable groups of cells from one another, and/or external to the traction battery to disconnect the high-voltage source from the vehicle electrical system.1. An electrified vehicle, comprising:
a high-voltage traction battery having a plurality of electrically connected cell groups; an electric machine coupled to the traction battery and configured to provide propulsive force to vehicle wheels; a vehicle speed sensor; at least one integrated circuit (IC) configured to irreversibly electrically disable the traction battery from providing high-voltage power to at least the electric machine in response to a termination signal; and a controller coupled to the vehicle speed sensor and the at least one integrated circuit, the controller programmed to receive a first signal from at least the vehicle speed sensor and to generate the termination signal to electrically disable the at least one IC in response to the first signal satisfying associated disconnection criteria. 2. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 wherein the disconnection criteria includes the electrified vehicle being at a standstill. 3. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 further comprising an activation device in communication with the controller, wherein, in response to the termination signal, the activation device guides a medium into contact with the at least one IC to electrically disable the at least one IC. 4. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 wherein the at least one IC is located within the traction battery. 5. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 wherein the at least one IC electrically disconnects at least one of the plurality of cell groups from another one of the plurality of cell groups in response to the termination signal. 6. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 wherein the controller is programmed to generate the termination signal in response to receiving the first signal from an external device. 7. The electrified vehicle of claim 6 wherein the first signal is wirelessly received from the external device. 8. The electrified vehicle of claim 1 further comprising an activation device in communication with the controller, wherein, in response to the termination signal, the activation device causes energy flow to the at least one IC to electrically disable the at least one IC. 9. A method for controlling an electrified vehicle having a high-voltage source, comprising, by a vehicle controller:
receiving sensor data from at least one vehicle sensor; and communicating a termination signal to at least one integrated circuit (IC) in response to determining that the sensor data satisfies stored criteria indicative of a possibility of electrical shock from the high-voltage source to disable the high-voltage source, wherein the at least one IC irreversibly disables the high-voltage source from providing high-voltage power in response to the termination signal. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising receiving the termination signal from an external device. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the at least one vehicle sensor comprises a vehicle speed sensor. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein the at least one vehicle sensor indicates that the electrified vehicle is at a standstill. 13. The method of claim 9 wherein the at least one IC is located within the high-voltage source. 14. The method of claim 9 wherein the high-voltage source comprises a traction battery having a plurality of cell groups, and wherein the at least one IC disconnects one of the plurality of cell groups from another of the plurality of cell groups in response to the termination signal. 15. The method of claim 9 wherein communicating the termination signal comprises communicating the termination signal to an activation device that guides a medium into contact with the at least one IC to electrically disable the at least one IC. 16. An electrified vehicle, comprising:
a high-voltage battery having a plurality of electrically connected cell groups; an electric machine coupled to the battery and configured to provide propulsive force to vehicle wheels; a vehicle speed sensor; at least one self-destructing integrated circuit (IC) configured to irreversibly electrically disable the battery from providing high-voltage power to at least the electric machine in response to a termination signal; and a controller coupled to the vehicle speed sensor and the at least one IC, the controller configured to receive vehicle sensor data from at least the vehicle speed sensor and to generate the termination signal in response to the sensor data indicating a potential possibility of electrical shock from the battery. 17. The electrified vehicle of claim 16 wherein the sensor data includes a wirelessly received disconnection signal transmitted by an external device. 18. The electrified vehicle of claim 16 further comprising an activation device that guides a medium into contact with the at least one IC to destroy the at least one IC. 19. The electrified vehicle of claim 16 wherein the at least one IC is configured to disconnect one of the plurality of cell groups from another one of the plurality of cell groups in response to the termination signal. 20. The electrified vehicle of claim 16 wherein the controller is programmed to transmit a verification of disconnection signal in response to detecting that the battery has been disabled. | 3,600 |
348,969 | 16,806,518 | 3,671 | A trading application can receive price and quantity information for tradeable objects. The trading application can compute implied price and quantity information for spreads of the tradeable objects. Direct and indirect price and quantity information for the spreads can be displayed in a manner that shows the relationship with each other and with the price and quantity information for the tradeable objects. | 1. (canceled) 2. A computer readable medium having stored therein instructions executable by a processor, including instructions executable to:
generate a first area associated with a first tradeable object, wherein the first area includes a first highest bid price, a first lowest ask price, a first highest bid quantity, and a first lowest ask quantity; generate a second area associated with a second tradeable object, wherein the second area includes a second highest bid price, a second lowest ask price, a second highest bid quantity, and a second lowest ask quantity; generate a first spread area associated with a first type of spread between the first tradeable object and the second tradeable object, wherein the first spread area includes a first spread highest bid price, a first spread lowest ask price, a first spread highest bid quantity, and a first spread lowest ask quantity; display the first area, the second area, and the first spread area, wherein the second area is displayed substantially adjacent to the first area along a first axis, wherein the first spread area is displayed along a second axis, wherein the second axis is parallel and substantially adjacent to the first axis, wherein the first spread area is substantially centered with respect to the first area and the second area to correlate the first type of spread to the first tradeable object and the second tradeable object; provide a first order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the first tradeable object, wherein the first area includes the first order entry region, wherein the trade order for the first tradeable object includes a price based on one of the first highest bid price and the first lowest ask price; provide a second order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the second tradeable object, wherein the second area includes the second order entry region, wherein the trade order for the second tradeable object includes a price based on one of the second highest bid price and the second lowest ask price; and provide a first spread order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the first type of spread, wherein the first spread area includes the first spread order entry region, wherein the trade order for the first type of spread includes a price based on one of the first spread highest bid price and the first spread lowest ask price. 3. The computer readable medium of claim 2, wherein the first axis is one of vertical and horizontal. 4. The computer readable medium of claim 2, wherein the first area includes a first identifier for the first tradeable object, wherein the second area includes a second identifier for the second tradeable object, wherein the first spread area includes a first spread identifier for the first type of spread. 5. The computer readable medium of claim 2, wherein the first type of spread is a calendar spread. 6. The computer readable medium of claim 2, further including instructions executable to:
receive the first spread highest bid price and the first spread lowest ask price from one of a gateway and an electronic exchange. 7. The computer readable medium of claim 2, further including instructions executable to:
calculate the first spread highest bid price and the first spread lowest ask price based on the first highest bid price, the first lowest ask price, the second highest bid price, and the second lowest ask price. 8. The computer readable medium of claim 2, wherein at least one of the first spread highest bid price and the first spread lowest ask price includes an implied price. 9. The computer readable medium of claim 2, further including instructions executable to:
generate a third area associated with a third tradeable object, wherein the third area includes a third highest bid price, a third lowest ask price, a third highest bid quantity, and a third lowest ask quantity; generate a second spread area associated with a second type of spread between the first tradeable object, the second tradeable object, and the third tradeable object, wherein the second spread area includes a second spread highest bid price, a second spread lowest ask price, a second spread highest bid quantity, and a second spread lowest ask quantity; display the third area, wherein the third area is displayed substantially adjacent to the second area along the first axis; display the second spread area, wherein the second spread area is displayed along a third axis, wherein the third axis is parallel and substantially adjacent to the second axis, wherein the second spread area is substantially centered with respect to the first area, the second area, and the third area to correlate the second type of spread to the first tradeable object, the second tradeable object, and the third tradeable object; provide a third order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the third tradeable object, wherein the third area includes the third order entry region, wherein the trade order for the third tradeable object includes a price based on one of the third highest bid price and the third lowest ask price; and provide a second spread order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the second type of spread, wherein the second spread area includes the second spread order entry region, wherein the trade order for the second type of spread includes a price based on one of the second spread highest bid price and the second spread lowest ask price. 10. The computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the third area includes a third identifier for the third tradeable object, wherein the second spread area includes a second spread identifier for the second type of spread. 11. The computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the second type of spread is a butterfly spread. 12. The computer readable medium of claim 9, further including instructions executable to:
receive the second spread highest bid price and the second spread lowest ask price from one of a gateway and an electronic exchange. 13. The computer readable medium of claim 9, further including instructions executable to:
calculate the second spread highest bid price and the second spread lowest ask price based on the first highest bid price, the first lowest ask price, the second highest bid price, the second lowest ask price, the third highest bid price, and the third lowest ask price. 14. The computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein at least one of the second spread highest bid price and the second spread lowest ask price includes an implied price. 15. The computer readable medium of claim 9, further including instructions executable to:
generate a fourth area associated with a fourth tradeable object, wherein the fourth area includes a fourth highest bid price, a fourth lowest ask price, a fourth highest bid quantity, and a fourth lowest ask quantity; generate a third spread area associated with a third type of spread between the first tradeable object, the second tradeable object, the third tradeable object, and the fourth tradeable object, wherein the third spread area includes a third spread highest bid price, a third spread lowest ask price, a third spread highest bid quantity, and a third spread lowest ask quantity; display the fourth area, wherein the fourth area is displayed substantially adjacent to the third area along the first axis; display the third spread area, wherein the third spread area is displayed along a fourth axis, wherein the fourth axis is parallel and substantially adjacent to the third axis, wherein the third spread area is substantially centered with respect to the first area, the second area, the third area, and the fourth area to correlate the third type of spread to the first tradeable object, the second tradeable object, the third tradeable object, and the fourth tradeable object; provide a fourth order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the fourth tradeable object, wherein the fourth area includes the fourth order entry region, wherein the trade order for the fourth tradeable object includes a price based on one of the fourth highest bid price and the fourth lowest ask price; and provide a third spread order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the third type of spread, wherein the third spread area includes the third spread order entry region, wherein the trade order for the third type of spread includes a price based on one of the third spread highest bid price and the third spread lowest ask price. 16. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the fourth area includes a fourth identifier for the fourth tradeable object, wherein the third spread area includes a third spread identifier for the third type of spread. 17. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the third type of spread is a condor spread. 18. The computer readable medium of claim 15, further including instructions executable to:
receive the third spread highest bid price and the third spread lowest ask price from one of a gateway and an electronic exchange. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 15, further including instructions executable to:
calculate the third spread highest bid price and the third spread lowest ask price based on the first highest bid price, the first lowest ask price, the second highest bid price, the second lowest ask price, the third highest bid price, the third lowest ask price, the fourth highest bid price, and the fourth lowest ask price. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein at least one of the third spread highest bid price and the third spread lowest ask price includes an implied price. | A trading application can receive price and quantity information for tradeable objects. The trading application can compute implied price and quantity information for spreads of the tradeable objects. Direct and indirect price and quantity information for the spreads can be displayed in a manner that shows the relationship with each other and with the price and quantity information for the tradeable objects.1. (canceled) 2. A computer readable medium having stored therein instructions executable by a processor, including instructions executable to:
generate a first area associated with a first tradeable object, wherein the first area includes a first highest bid price, a first lowest ask price, a first highest bid quantity, and a first lowest ask quantity; generate a second area associated with a second tradeable object, wherein the second area includes a second highest bid price, a second lowest ask price, a second highest bid quantity, and a second lowest ask quantity; generate a first spread area associated with a first type of spread between the first tradeable object and the second tradeable object, wherein the first spread area includes a first spread highest bid price, a first spread lowest ask price, a first spread highest bid quantity, and a first spread lowest ask quantity; display the first area, the second area, and the first spread area, wherein the second area is displayed substantially adjacent to the first area along a first axis, wherein the first spread area is displayed along a second axis, wherein the second axis is parallel and substantially adjacent to the first axis, wherein the first spread area is substantially centered with respect to the first area and the second area to correlate the first type of spread to the first tradeable object and the second tradeable object; provide a first order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the first tradeable object, wherein the first area includes the first order entry region, wherein the trade order for the first tradeable object includes a price based on one of the first highest bid price and the first lowest ask price; provide a second order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the second tradeable object, wherein the second area includes the second order entry region, wherein the trade order for the second tradeable object includes a price based on one of the second highest bid price and the second lowest ask price; and provide a first spread order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the first type of spread, wherein the first spread area includes the first spread order entry region, wherein the trade order for the first type of spread includes a price based on one of the first spread highest bid price and the first spread lowest ask price. 3. The computer readable medium of claim 2, wherein the first axis is one of vertical and horizontal. 4. The computer readable medium of claim 2, wherein the first area includes a first identifier for the first tradeable object, wherein the second area includes a second identifier for the second tradeable object, wherein the first spread area includes a first spread identifier for the first type of spread. 5. The computer readable medium of claim 2, wherein the first type of spread is a calendar spread. 6. The computer readable medium of claim 2, further including instructions executable to:
receive the first spread highest bid price and the first spread lowest ask price from one of a gateway and an electronic exchange. 7. The computer readable medium of claim 2, further including instructions executable to:
calculate the first spread highest bid price and the first spread lowest ask price based on the first highest bid price, the first lowest ask price, the second highest bid price, and the second lowest ask price. 8. The computer readable medium of claim 2, wherein at least one of the first spread highest bid price and the first spread lowest ask price includes an implied price. 9. The computer readable medium of claim 2, further including instructions executable to:
generate a third area associated with a third tradeable object, wherein the third area includes a third highest bid price, a third lowest ask price, a third highest bid quantity, and a third lowest ask quantity; generate a second spread area associated with a second type of spread between the first tradeable object, the second tradeable object, and the third tradeable object, wherein the second spread area includes a second spread highest bid price, a second spread lowest ask price, a second spread highest bid quantity, and a second spread lowest ask quantity; display the third area, wherein the third area is displayed substantially adjacent to the second area along the first axis; display the second spread area, wherein the second spread area is displayed along a third axis, wherein the third axis is parallel and substantially adjacent to the second axis, wherein the second spread area is substantially centered with respect to the first area, the second area, and the third area to correlate the second type of spread to the first tradeable object, the second tradeable object, and the third tradeable object; provide a third order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the third tradeable object, wherein the third area includes the third order entry region, wherein the trade order for the third tradeable object includes a price based on one of the third highest bid price and the third lowest ask price; and provide a second spread order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the second type of spread, wherein the second spread area includes the second spread order entry region, wherein the trade order for the second type of spread includes a price based on one of the second spread highest bid price and the second spread lowest ask price. 10. The computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the third area includes a third identifier for the third tradeable object, wherein the second spread area includes a second spread identifier for the second type of spread. 11. The computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the second type of spread is a butterfly spread. 12. The computer readable medium of claim 9, further including instructions executable to:
receive the second spread highest bid price and the second spread lowest ask price from one of a gateway and an electronic exchange. 13. The computer readable medium of claim 9, further including instructions executable to:
calculate the second spread highest bid price and the second spread lowest ask price based on the first highest bid price, the first lowest ask price, the second highest bid price, the second lowest ask price, the third highest bid price, and the third lowest ask price. 14. The computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein at least one of the second spread highest bid price and the second spread lowest ask price includes an implied price. 15. The computer readable medium of claim 9, further including instructions executable to:
generate a fourth area associated with a fourth tradeable object, wherein the fourth area includes a fourth highest bid price, a fourth lowest ask price, a fourth highest bid quantity, and a fourth lowest ask quantity; generate a third spread area associated with a third type of spread between the first tradeable object, the second tradeable object, the third tradeable object, and the fourth tradeable object, wherein the third spread area includes a third spread highest bid price, a third spread lowest ask price, a third spread highest bid quantity, and a third spread lowest ask quantity; display the fourth area, wherein the fourth area is displayed substantially adjacent to the third area along the first axis; display the third spread area, wherein the third spread area is displayed along a fourth axis, wherein the fourth axis is parallel and substantially adjacent to the third axis, wherein the third spread area is substantially centered with respect to the first area, the second area, the third area, and the fourth area to correlate the third type of spread to the first tradeable object, the second tradeable object, the third tradeable object, and the fourth tradeable object; provide a fourth order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the fourth tradeable object, wherein the fourth area includes the fourth order entry region, wherein the trade order for the fourth tradeable object includes a price based on one of the fourth highest bid price and the fourth lowest ask price; and provide a third spread order entry region configured to receive a command to initiate a trade order for the third type of spread, wherein the third spread area includes the third spread order entry region, wherein the trade order for the third type of spread includes a price based on one of the third spread highest bid price and the third spread lowest ask price. 16. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the fourth area includes a fourth identifier for the fourth tradeable object, wherein the third spread area includes a third spread identifier for the third type of spread. 17. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the third type of spread is a condor spread. 18. The computer readable medium of claim 15, further including instructions executable to:
receive the third spread highest bid price and the third spread lowest ask price from one of a gateway and an electronic exchange. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 15, further including instructions executable to:
calculate the third spread highest bid price and the third spread lowest ask price based on the first highest bid price, the first lowest ask price, the second highest bid price, the second lowest ask price, the third highest bid price, the third lowest ask price, the fourth highest bid price, and the fourth lowest ask price. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein at least one of the third spread highest bid price and the third spread lowest ask price includes an implied price. | 3,600 |
348,970 | 16,806,533 | 3,671 | Spin-orbit-torque (SOT) segments are provided along the sides of free layers in magnetoresistive devices that include magnetic tunnel junctions. Current flowing through such SOT segments injects spin current into the free layers such that spin torque is applied to the free layers. The spin torque can be used as an assist to spin-transfer torque generated by current flowing vertically through the magnetic tunnel junction in order to improve the efficiency of the switching current applied to the magnetoresistive device. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A magnetoresistive device comprising:
a first terminal and a second terminal; a reference layer having a fixed magnetic state; a free layer having a magnetic state, where the magnetic state of the free layer stores a first value when in a first magnetic state and stores a second value when in a second magnetic state, and wherein an easy axis of the free layer is in-plane such that the first magnetic state and the second magnetic state of the free layer correspond to magnetic states that are in-plane with respect to a plane in which layers included in the magnetoresistive device are formed; a first dielectric layer between the free layer and the reference layer; a spin orbit torque (SOT) segment proximate to at least a portion of the free layer, wherein current through the SOT segment generates spin orbit current in a direction perpendicular to the current through the SOT segment and perpendicular to a sidewall of the free layer; and write current generation circuitry coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal, wherein the write current generation circuitry is configured to generate a write current in either a first direction or a second direction, wherein the write current includes the current through the SOT segment and current through the free layer, wherein write current in the first direction forces the magnetic state of the free layer to the first magnetic state, and wherein write current in the second direction forces the magnetic state of the free layer to the second magnetic state. 22. The magnetoresistive device of claim 21, wherein the reference layer is a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) that includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, and a coupling layer between the first and second magnetic layers. 23. The magnetoresistive device of claim 21, wherein the SOT segment contacts the free layer. 24. The magnetoresistive device of claim 21, further comprising:
a top electrode coupled to the first terminal; and a bottom electrode coupled to the second terminal, wherein the free layer, the first dielectric layer, and the reference layer are between the top and bottom electrodes. 25. The magnetoresistive device of claim 21, further comprising an insulating layer between the free layer and the SOT segment. 26. The magnetoresistive device of claim 25, wherein the SOT segment contacts the insulating layer. 27. The magnetoresistive device of claim 25, wherein the free layer contacts the insulating layer. 28. The magnetoresistive device of claim 24, wherein the SOT segment contacts at least a portion of the top electrode, at least a portion of the bottom electrode, or both. 29. The magnetoresistive device of claim 21, wherein the SOT segment includes a plurality of sub-segments, wherein each sub-segment of the plurality of sub-segments is at a different radial position of the magnetoresistive device. 30. A magnetoresistive device, comprising:
a first electrode; a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) having a fixed magnetic state; a free layer having a magnetic state, where the magnetic state of the free layer stores a first value when in a first magnetic state and stores a second value when in a second magnetic state; a dielectric layer between the free layer and the SAF, wherein the SAF is between the dielectric layer and first electrode; and a spin orbit torque (SOT) segment proximate to at least a portion of the free layer, wherein current through the SOT segment generates spin orbit current in a direction perpendicular to the current through the SOT segment and perpendicular to a sidewall of the free layer. 31. The magnetoresistive device of claim 30, wherein the SOT segment includes a first sub-segment and a second sub-segment, wherein the first and second sub-segments are on opposing sides of the free layer. 32. The magnetoresistive device of claim 30, wherein resistance of the SOT segment perceived by the current through the SOT segment is about equal to resistance of the free layer perceived by the current through free layer. 33. The magnetoresistive device of claim 30, wherein a footprint of the free layer is circular and geometry of at least a portion of the SOT segment corresponds to an arc on an outer surface of the circular footprint. 34. The magnetoresistive device of claim 30, wherein the SOT segment includes one or more of platinum, tungsten, or tantalum. 35. The magnetoresistive device of claim 30, wherein the first magnetic state and the second magnetic state correspond to magnetic states that are perpendicular with respect to a plane in which layers of the magnetoresistive device are formed. 36. A magnetoresistive device, comprising:
a first electrode; a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) having a fixed magnetic state; a free layer having a magnetic state, where the magnetic state of the free layer stores a first value when in a first magnetic state and stores a second value when in a second magnetic state; a dielectric layer between the free layer and the SAF, wherein the SAF is between the dielectric layer and first electrode; a spin orbit torque (SOT) segment proximate to at least a portion of the free layer; and an insulating layer between the SOT segment and the free layer, wherein current through the SOT segment generates spin orbit current in a direction perpendicular to the current through the SOT segment and perpendicular to an interface of the insulting layer and the free layer. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the insulating layer allows spin-torque from the SOT segment to act on the free layer, but does not allow charge current to pass from the SOT segment to the free layer. 38. The magnetoresistive device of claim 36, wherein:
the SOT segment includes one or more of platinum, tungsten, or tantalum; the reference layer is a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) that includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, and a coupling layer between the first and second magnetic layers; or both. 39. The magnetoresistive device of claim 36, wherein the SOT segment includes a plurality of sub-segments, wherein each sub-segment of the plurality of sub-segments is at a different radial position of the magnetoresistive device. 40. The magnetoresistive device of claim 36, wherein the first magnetic state and the second magnetic state correspond to magnetic states that are perpendicular with respect to a plane in which layers of the magnetoresistive device are formed. | Spin-orbit-torque (SOT) segments are provided along the sides of free layers in magnetoresistive devices that include magnetic tunnel junctions. Current flowing through such SOT segments injects spin current into the free layers such that spin torque is applied to the free layers. The spin torque can be used as an assist to spin-transfer torque generated by current flowing vertically through the magnetic tunnel junction in order to improve the efficiency of the switching current applied to the magnetoresistive device.1-20. (canceled) 21. A magnetoresistive device comprising:
a first terminal and a second terminal; a reference layer having a fixed magnetic state; a free layer having a magnetic state, where the magnetic state of the free layer stores a first value when in a first magnetic state and stores a second value when in a second magnetic state, and wherein an easy axis of the free layer is in-plane such that the first magnetic state and the second magnetic state of the free layer correspond to magnetic states that are in-plane with respect to a plane in which layers included in the magnetoresistive device are formed; a first dielectric layer between the free layer and the reference layer; a spin orbit torque (SOT) segment proximate to at least a portion of the free layer, wherein current through the SOT segment generates spin orbit current in a direction perpendicular to the current through the SOT segment and perpendicular to a sidewall of the free layer; and write current generation circuitry coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal, wherein the write current generation circuitry is configured to generate a write current in either a first direction or a second direction, wherein the write current includes the current through the SOT segment and current through the free layer, wherein write current in the first direction forces the magnetic state of the free layer to the first magnetic state, and wherein write current in the second direction forces the magnetic state of the free layer to the second magnetic state. 22. The magnetoresistive device of claim 21, wherein the reference layer is a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) that includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, and a coupling layer between the first and second magnetic layers. 23. The magnetoresistive device of claim 21, wherein the SOT segment contacts the free layer. 24. The magnetoresistive device of claim 21, further comprising:
a top electrode coupled to the first terminal; and a bottom electrode coupled to the second terminal, wherein the free layer, the first dielectric layer, and the reference layer are between the top and bottom electrodes. 25. The magnetoresistive device of claim 21, further comprising an insulating layer between the free layer and the SOT segment. 26. The magnetoresistive device of claim 25, wherein the SOT segment contacts the insulating layer. 27. The magnetoresistive device of claim 25, wherein the free layer contacts the insulating layer. 28. The magnetoresistive device of claim 24, wherein the SOT segment contacts at least a portion of the top electrode, at least a portion of the bottom electrode, or both. 29. The magnetoresistive device of claim 21, wherein the SOT segment includes a plurality of sub-segments, wherein each sub-segment of the plurality of sub-segments is at a different radial position of the magnetoresistive device. 30. A magnetoresistive device, comprising:
a first electrode; a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) having a fixed magnetic state; a free layer having a magnetic state, where the magnetic state of the free layer stores a first value when in a first magnetic state and stores a second value when in a second magnetic state; a dielectric layer between the free layer and the SAF, wherein the SAF is between the dielectric layer and first electrode; and a spin orbit torque (SOT) segment proximate to at least a portion of the free layer, wherein current through the SOT segment generates spin orbit current in a direction perpendicular to the current through the SOT segment and perpendicular to a sidewall of the free layer. 31. The magnetoresistive device of claim 30, wherein the SOT segment includes a first sub-segment and a second sub-segment, wherein the first and second sub-segments are on opposing sides of the free layer. 32. The magnetoresistive device of claim 30, wherein resistance of the SOT segment perceived by the current through the SOT segment is about equal to resistance of the free layer perceived by the current through free layer. 33. The magnetoresistive device of claim 30, wherein a footprint of the free layer is circular and geometry of at least a portion of the SOT segment corresponds to an arc on an outer surface of the circular footprint. 34. The magnetoresistive device of claim 30, wherein the SOT segment includes one or more of platinum, tungsten, or tantalum. 35. The magnetoresistive device of claim 30, wherein the first magnetic state and the second magnetic state correspond to magnetic states that are perpendicular with respect to a plane in which layers of the magnetoresistive device are formed. 36. A magnetoresistive device, comprising:
a first electrode; a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) having a fixed magnetic state; a free layer having a magnetic state, where the magnetic state of the free layer stores a first value when in a first magnetic state and stores a second value when in a second magnetic state; a dielectric layer between the free layer and the SAF, wherein the SAF is between the dielectric layer and first electrode; a spin orbit torque (SOT) segment proximate to at least a portion of the free layer; and an insulating layer between the SOT segment and the free layer, wherein current through the SOT segment generates spin orbit current in a direction perpendicular to the current through the SOT segment and perpendicular to an interface of the insulting layer and the free layer. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the insulating layer allows spin-torque from the SOT segment to act on the free layer, but does not allow charge current to pass from the SOT segment to the free layer. 38. The magnetoresistive device of claim 36, wherein:
the SOT segment includes one or more of platinum, tungsten, or tantalum; the reference layer is a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) that includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, and a coupling layer between the first and second magnetic layers; or both. 39. The magnetoresistive device of claim 36, wherein the SOT segment includes a plurality of sub-segments, wherein each sub-segment of the plurality of sub-segments is at a different radial position of the magnetoresistive device. 40. The magnetoresistive device of claim 36, wherein the first magnetic state and the second magnetic state correspond to magnetic states that are perpendicular with respect to a plane in which layers of the magnetoresistive device are formed. | 3,600 |
348,971 | 16,806,538 | 3,671 | A waveform control unit outputs a signal for driving a brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to a waveform output unit, and outputs a signal for driving a brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle of a winding of one phase of n-phase windings when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle to the rest of the windings. | 1. A drive unit for a brushless DC motor including a rotor, n-phase (n is a natural number of two or more) windings that rotate the rotor, and an element that detects a rotation position of a rotation reference provided on the rotor at a predetermined interval, the drive unit comprising:
a rotation position acquisition unit that acquires a signal from the element; a waveform control unit that acquires a signal from each of a host device and the rotation position acquisition unit; and a waveform output unit that applies voltage to the n-phase windings based on the signal from the waveform control unit, wherein the waveform control unit
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to the waveform output unit after a rotation start signal is acquired from the host device until a signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is first acquired from the element, and
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and
the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle θM of a winding of one phase of the n-phase windings (the angle θM is a predetermined angle included in a rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped among a plurality of rotation ranges that are divided in accordance with the rotation position detected by the element) when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle θM to the rest of the windings. 2. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein
in each of the plurality of rotation ranges, a voltage value applied to each of the n-phase windings from a start point θS to an end point θE of the rotation range at a time of the sine wave energization drive monotonously increases or monotonously decreases, and the angle θM is an intermediate angle of the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped. 3. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the waveform control unit determines the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped based on the signal from the rotation position acquisition unit. 4. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein
the n-phase windings are three-phase windings, and the element detects the rotation position of the rotation reference at an interval of an electrical angle of 60°. 5. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the element is a hall element. 6. A motor system comprising:
a brushless DC motor that includes a rotor, n-phase (n is a natural number of two or more) windings that rotate the rotor, and an element that detects a rotation position of a rotation reference provided on the rotor at a predetermined interval; and a drive unit for the brushless DC motor comprising:
a rotation position acquisition unit that acquires a signal from the element;
a waveform control unit that acquires a signal from each of a host device and the rotation position acquisition unit; and
a waveform output unit that applies voltage to the n-phase windings based on the signal from the waveform control unit, wherein
the waveform control unit
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to the waveform output unit after a rotation start signal is acquired from the host device until a signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is first acquired from the element, and
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and
the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle θM of a winding of one phase of the n-phase windings (the angle θM is a predetermined angle included in a rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped among a plurality of rotation ranges that are divided in accordance with the rotation position detected by the element) when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle θM to the rest of the windings. 7. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein
in each of the plurality of rotation ranges, a voltage value applied to each of the n-phase windings from a start point θS to an end point θE of the rotation range at a time of the sine wave energization drive monotonously increases or monotonously decreases, and the angle θM is an intermediate angle of the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped. 8. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein the waveform control unit determines the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped based on the signal from the rotation position acquisition unit. 9. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein
the n-phase windings are three-phase windings, and the element detects the rotation position of the rotation reference at an interval of an electrical angle of 60°. | A waveform control unit outputs a signal for driving a brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to a waveform output unit, and outputs a signal for driving a brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle of a winding of one phase of n-phase windings when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle to the rest of the windings.1. A drive unit for a brushless DC motor including a rotor, n-phase (n is a natural number of two or more) windings that rotate the rotor, and an element that detects a rotation position of a rotation reference provided on the rotor at a predetermined interval, the drive unit comprising:
a rotation position acquisition unit that acquires a signal from the element; a waveform control unit that acquires a signal from each of a host device and the rotation position acquisition unit; and a waveform output unit that applies voltage to the n-phase windings based on the signal from the waveform control unit, wherein the waveform control unit
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to the waveform output unit after a rotation start signal is acquired from the host device until a signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is first acquired from the element, and
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and
the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle θM of a winding of one phase of the n-phase windings (the angle θM is a predetermined angle included in a rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped among a plurality of rotation ranges that are divided in accordance with the rotation position detected by the element) when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle θM to the rest of the windings. 2. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein
in each of the plurality of rotation ranges, a voltage value applied to each of the n-phase windings from a start point θS to an end point θE of the rotation range at a time of the sine wave energization drive monotonously increases or monotonously decreases, and the angle θM is an intermediate angle of the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped. 3. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the waveform control unit determines the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped based on the signal from the rotation position acquisition unit. 4. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein
the n-phase windings are three-phase windings, and the element detects the rotation position of the rotation reference at an interval of an electrical angle of 60°. 5. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the element is a hall element. 6. A motor system comprising:
a brushless DC motor that includes a rotor, n-phase (n is a natural number of two or more) windings that rotate the rotor, and an element that detects a rotation position of a rotation reference provided on the rotor at a predetermined interval; and a drive unit for the brushless DC motor comprising:
a rotation position acquisition unit that acquires a signal from the element;
a waveform control unit that acquires a signal from each of a host device and the rotation position acquisition unit; and
a waveform output unit that applies voltage to the n-phase windings based on the signal from the waveform control unit, wherein
the waveform control unit
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to the waveform output unit after a rotation start signal is acquired from the host device until a signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is first acquired from the element, and
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and
the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle θM of a winding of one phase of the n-phase windings (the angle θM is a predetermined angle included in a rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped among a plurality of rotation ranges that are divided in accordance with the rotation position detected by the element) when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle θM to the rest of the windings. 7. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein
in each of the plurality of rotation ranges, a voltage value applied to each of the n-phase windings from a start point θS to an end point θE of the rotation range at a time of the sine wave energization drive monotonously increases or monotonously decreases, and the angle θM is an intermediate angle of the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped. 8. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein the waveform control unit determines the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped based on the signal from the rotation position acquisition unit. 9. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein
the n-phase windings are three-phase windings, and the element detects the rotation position of the rotation reference at an interval of an electrical angle of 60°. | 3,600 |
348,972 | 16,806,500 | 3,671 | A waveform control unit outputs a signal for driving a brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to a waveform output unit, and outputs a signal for driving a brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle of a winding of one phase of n-phase windings when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle to the rest of the windings. | 1. A drive unit for a brushless DC motor including a rotor, n-phase (n is a natural number of two or more) windings that rotate the rotor, and an element that detects a rotation position of a rotation reference provided on the rotor at a predetermined interval, the drive unit comprising:
a rotation position acquisition unit that acquires a signal from the element; a waveform control unit that acquires a signal from each of a host device and the rotation position acquisition unit; and a waveform output unit that applies voltage to the n-phase windings based on the signal from the waveform control unit, wherein the waveform control unit
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to the waveform output unit after a rotation start signal is acquired from the host device until a signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is first acquired from the element, and
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and
the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle θM of a winding of one phase of the n-phase windings (the angle θM is a predetermined angle included in a rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped among a plurality of rotation ranges that are divided in accordance with the rotation position detected by the element) when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle θM to the rest of the windings. 2. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein
in each of the plurality of rotation ranges, a voltage value applied to each of the n-phase windings from a start point θS to an end point θE of the rotation range at a time of the sine wave energization drive monotonously increases or monotonously decreases, and the angle θM is an intermediate angle of the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped. 3. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the waveform control unit determines the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped based on the signal from the rotation position acquisition unit. 4. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein
the n-phase windings are three-phase windings, and the element detects the rotation position of the rotation reference at an interval of an electrical angle of 60°. 5. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the element is a hall element. 6. A motor system comprising:
a brushless DC motor that includes a rotor, n-phase (n is a natural number of two or more) windings that rotate the rotor, and an element that detects a rotation position of a rotation reference provided on the rotor at a predetermined interval; and a drive unit for the brushless DC motor comprising:
a rotation position acquisition unit that acquires a signal from the element;
a waveform control unit that acquires a signal from each of a host device and the rotation position acquisition unit; and
a waveform output unit that applies voltage to the n-phase windings based on the signal from the waveform control unit, wherein
the waveform control unit
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to the waveform output unit after a rotation start signal is acquired from the host device until a signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is first acquired from the element, and
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and
the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle θM of a winding of one phase of the n-phase windings (the angle θM is a predetermined angle included in a rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped among a plurality of rotation ranges that are divided in accordance with the rotation position detected by the element) when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle θM to the rest of the windings. 7. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein
in each of the plurality of rotation ranges, a voltage value applied to each of the n-phase windings from a start point θS to an end point θE of the rotation range at a time of the sine wave energization drive monotonously increases or monotonously decreases, and the angle θM is an intermediate angle of the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped. 8. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein the waveform control unit determines the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped based on the signal from the rotation position acquisition unit. 9. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein
the n-phase windings are three-phase windings, and the element detects the rotation position of the rotation reference at an interval of an electrical angle of 60°. | A waveform control unit outputs a signal for driving a brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to a waveform output unit, and outputs a signal for driving a brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle of a winding of one phase of n-phase windings when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle to the rest of the windings.1. A drive unit for a brushless DC motor including a rotor, n-phase (n is a natural number of two or more) windings that rotate the rotor, and an element that detects a rotation position of a rotation reference provided on the rotor at a predetermined interval, the drive unit comprising:
a rotation position acquisition unit that acquires a signal from the element; a waveform control unit that acquires a signal from each of a host device and the rotation position acquisition unit; and a waveform output unit that applies voltage to the n-phase windings based on the signal from the waveform control unit, wherein the waveform control unit
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to the waveform output unit after a rotation start signal is acquired from the host device until a signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is first acquired from the element, and
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and
the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle θM of a winding of one phase of the n-phase windings (the angle θM is a predetermined angle included in a rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped among a plurality of rotation ranges that are divided in accordance with the rotation position detected by the element) when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle θM to the rest of the windings. 2. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein
in each of the plurality of rotation ranges, a voltage value applied to each of the n-phase windings from a start point θS to an end point θE of the rotation range at a time of the sine wave energization drive monotonously increases or monotonously decreases, and the angle θM is an intermediate angle of the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped. 3. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the waveform control unit determines the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped based on the signal from the rotation position acquisition unit. 4. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein
the n-phase windings are three-phase windings, and the element detects the rotation position of the rotation reference at an interval of an electrical angle of 60°. 5. The drive unit for a brushless DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the element is a hall element. 6. A motor system comprising:
a brushless DC motor that includes a rotor, n-phase (n is a natural number of two or more) windings that rotate the rotor, and an element that detects a rotation position of a rotation reference provided on the rotor at a predetermined interval; and a drive unit for the brushless DC motor comprising:
a rotation position acquisition unit that acquires a signal from the element;
a waveform control unit that acquires a signal from each of a host device and the rotation position acquisition unit; and
a waveform output unit that applies voltage to the n-phase windings based on the signal from the waveform control unit, wherein
the waveform control unit
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by intermediate value energization to the waveform output unit after a rotation start signal is acquired from the host device until a signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is first acquired from the element, and
outputs a signal for driving the brushless DC motor by sine wave energization to the waveform output unit when the signal in which the rotation position of the rotation reference is detected is acquired from the element, and
the waveform control unit applies voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle θM of a winding of one phase of the n-phase windings (the angle θM is a predetermined angle included in a rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped among a plurality of rotation ranges that are divided in accordance with the rotation position detected by the element) when the brushless DC motor is to be driven by intermediate value energization, and outputs a signal for applying voltage corresponding to a sine value of an angle having similar phase difference as the sine wave energization drive with respect to the angle θM to the rest of the windings. 7. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein
in each of the plurality of rotation ranges, a voltage value applied to each of the n-phase windings from a start point θS to an end point θE of the rotation range at a time of the sine wave energization drive monotonously increases or monotonously decreases, and the angle θM is an intermediate angle of the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped. 8. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein the waveform control unit determines the rotation range having the rotation reference positioned when the rotor is stopped based on the signal from the rotation position acquisition unit. 9. The motor system according to claim 6, wherein
the n-phase windings are three-phase windings, and the element detects the rotation position of the rotation reference at an interval of an electrical angle of 60°. | 3,600 |
348,973 | 16,806,510 | 3,671 | A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for performing a type-dependent event deduplication operation. The type-dependent event deduplication operation comprising: receiving a stream of events, the stream of events comprising a plurality of events, each event of the plurality of events having an associated event type; determining an event type of the plurality of events; parsing the plurality of events based upon the associated event type, the parsing providing a plurality of parsed events; and, performing a type-dependent event deduplication operation on the plurality of parsed events, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicating events based upon the event type. | 1. A computer-implementable method for deduplicating events, comprising:
receiving a stream of events, the stream of events comprising a plurality of events, each event of the plurality of events having an associated event type; determining an event type of the plurality of events; parsing the plurality of events based upon the associated event type, the parsing providing a plurality of parsed events; and, performing a type-dependent event deduplication operation on the plurality of parsed events, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicating events based upon the event type. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a type classification operation on each event of the plurality of events, the type classification operation classifying each event based upon a feature. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the feature is used to determine an equivalence of two events of a same type; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates the two events of the same type. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the feature comprises time information; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates different event types using different granularities to the time information. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
extracting pertinent event data segments to provide extracted event data segments; and, concatenating the extracted event data segments. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a hash function on the plurality of parsed events, the hash function generating a hash value for each of the plurality of events; comparing a first hash value of a first event to a second hash value of a second event; and identifying the first event and the second event as duplicates when the first hash value matches the second hash value. 7. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code interacting with a plurality of computer operations and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
receiving a stream of events, the stream of events comprising a plurality of events, each event of the plurality of events having an associated event type;
determining an event type of the plurality of events;
parsing the plurality of events based upon the associated event type, the parsing providing a plurality of parsed events; and,
performing a type-dependent event deduplication operation on the plurality of parsed events, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicating events based upon the event type. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured for:
performing a type classification operation on each event of the plurality of events, the type classification operation classifying each event based upon a feature. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the feature is used to determine an equivalence of two events of a same type; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates the two events of the same type. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the feature comprises time information; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates different event types using different granularities to the time information. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured for:
extracting pertinent event data segments to provide extracted event data segments; and, concatenating the extracted event data segments. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured for:
performing a hash function on the plurality of parsed events, the hash function generating a hash value for each of the plurality of events; comparing a first hash value of a first event to a second hash value of a second event; and identifying the first event and the second event as duplicates when the first hash value matches the second hash value. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
receiving a stream of events, the stream of events comprising a plurality of events, each event of the plurality of events having an associated event type; determining an event type of the plurality of events; parsing the plurality of events based upon the associated event type, the parsing providing a plurality of parsed events; and, performing a type-dependent event deduplication operation on the plurality of parsed events, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicating events based upon the event type. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are further configured for:
performing a type classification operation on each event of the plurality of events, the type classification operation classifying each event based upon a feature. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
the feature is used to determine an equivalence of two events of a same type; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates the two events of the same type. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the feature comprises time information; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates different event types using different granularities to the time information. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are further configured for:
extracting pertinent event data segments to provide extracted event data segments; and, concatenating the extracted event data segments. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are further configured for:
performing a hash function on the plurality of parsed events, the hash function generating a hash value for each of the plurality of events; comparing a first hash value of a first event to a second hash value of a second event; and identifying the first event and the second event as duplicates when the first hash value matches the second hash value. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are deployable to a client system from a server system at a remote location. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are provided by a service provider to a user on an on-demand basis. | A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for performing a type-dependent event deduplication operation. The type-dependent event deduplication operation comprising: receiving a stream of events, the stream of events comprising a plurality of events, each event of the plurality of events having an associated event type; determining an event type of the plurality of events; parsing the plurality of events based upon the associated event type, the parsing providing a plurality of parsed events; and, performing a type-dependent event deduplication operation on the plurality of parsed events, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicating events based upon the event type.1. A computer-implementable method for deduplicating events, comprising:
receiving a stream of events, the stream of events comprising a plurality of events, each event of the plurality of events having an associated event type; determining an event type of the plurality of events; parsing the plurality of events based upon the associated event type, the parsing providing a plurality of parsed events; and, performing a type-dependent event deduplication operation on the plurality of parsed events, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicating events based upon the event type. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a type classification operation on each event of the plurality of events, the type classification operation classifying each event based upon a feature. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the feature is used to determine an equivalence of two events of a same type; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates the two events of the same type. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the feature comprises time information; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates different event types using different granularities to the time information. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
extracting pertinent event data segments to provide extracted event data segments; and, concatenating the extracted event data segments. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a hash function on the plurality of parsed events, the hash function generating a hash value for each of the plurality of events; comparing a first hash value of a first event to a second hash value of a second event; and identifying the first event and the second event as duplicates when the first hash value matches the second hash value. 7. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code interacting with a plurality of computer operations and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
receiving a stream of events, the stream of events comprising a plurality of events, each event of the plurality of events having an associated event type;
determining an event type of the plurality of events;
parsing the plurality of events based upon the associated event type, the parsing providing a plurality of parsed events; and,
performing a type-dependent event deduplication operation on the plurality of parsed events, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicating events based upon the event type. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured for:
performing a type classification operation on each event of the plurality of events, the type classification operation classifying each event based upon a feature. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the feature is used to determine an equivalence of two events of a same type; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates the two events of the same type. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the feature comprises time information; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates different event types using different granularities to the time information. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured for:
extracting pertinent event data segments to provide extracted event data segments; and, concatenating the extracted event data segments. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured for:
performing a hash function on the plurality of parsed events, the hash function generating a hash value for each of the plurality of events; comparing a first hash value of a first event to a second hash value of a second event; and identifying the first event and the second event as duplicates when the first hash value matches the second hash value. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
receiving a stream of events, the stream of events comprising a plurality of events, each event of the plurality of events having an associated event type; determining an event type of the plurality of events; parsing the plurality of events based upon the associated event type, the parsing providing a plurality of parsed events; and, performing a type-dependent event deduplication operation on the plurality of parsed events, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicating events based upon the event type. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are further configured for:
performing a type classification operation on each event of the plurality of events, the type classification operation classifying each event based upon a feature. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
the feature is used to determine an equivalence of two events of a same type; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates the two events of the same type. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the feature comprises time information; and, the type-dependent event deduplication operation deduplicates different event types using different granularities to the time information. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are further configured for:
extracting pertinent event data segments to provide extracted event data segments; and, concatenating the extracted event data segments. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are further configured for:
performing a hash function on the plurality of parsed events, the hash function generating a hash value for each of the plurality of events; comparing a first hash value of a first event to a second hash value of a second event; and identifying the first event and the second event as duplicates when the first hash value matches the second hash value. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are deployable to a client system from a server system at a remote location. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are provided by a service provider to a user on an on-demand basis. | 3,600 |
348,974 | 16,806,514 | 3,632 | A sign waving machine platform for street side promotions that incorporates a base frame, a sign waving apparatus plus an upper web to attach accessories including mannequins and electric signs. The sign waving apparatus includes a motor housing, battery, electric motor and bracket assembly that couples the motor drive shaft to a sign frame which moves relative to the housing as the motor drive shaft rotates. Signs can be attached to all sides of the sign frame. The platform attaches at the top only to posts, carts and other so it can freely swing in many directions with the wind. This rugged, lightweight platform has a primary structure made from 2 aluminum tubes; one slides inside the other and telescopes. Fastening occurs using thumb screws attached to the outer tubes and joints that when twisted, pinches the inside interconnecting tubes. The platform stretches in many directions providing numerous configurations. | 1. A sign waving machine platform that supports a sign waving apparatus plus other advertising media and which attaches to user furnished structures allowing the platform to freely swing with the platform comprising:
a spine constructed from telescoping aluminum tubes that loosely attaches at the top to user furnished posts, carts and so forth and which supports a sign waving apparatus; a web constructed from telescoping aluminum tubes that can be attached to the top of the spine to provide additional mounting sites for electric signs, mannequins, flags and other signs; a sign waving apparatus attached to the bottom of the spine that includes a motor housing, electric motor, sign frame, drive bracket, support brackets and bearing assemblies; a motor housing attached to the bottom of the spine that encloses an electric motor that attaches to a drive bracket outside of the housing and wherein the motor's power wires are connected to a battery; a adjustable sign frame constructed from telescoping aluminum tubes which surrounds the motor housing and wherein signs can be attached to all sides of the sign frame for viewing in several directions and wherein the sign frame can stretch or telescope to accommodate a variety of sign sizes and drive motor configurations; a adjustable drive bracket that couples the motor drive shaft to a bearing assembly mounted on the sign frame wherein movement of the drive bracket causes movement of the sign frame relative to the motor housing; a series of adjustable free swinging support brackets that connect both sides of the motor housing to bearing assemblies mounted on the sign frame and wherein these support brackets move in tandem with the drive bracket and support most of the combined weight of the sign frame and its attached signs; and a series of adjustable bearing assemblies mounted on the sign frame that connects the drive and support brackets to the sign frame and wherein these bearing assemblies can slide along the sign frame's tubing members to fine-tune connections before being securely fastened. 2. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the sign frame can be adjusted to mount competitive sign waving apparatuses that generally sit on top of the ground and elevating them off the ground so that they can freely swing with the wind. 3. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein pin mechanisms or other attachment mechanisms can be used instead of the bearing assemblies. 4. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein both the drive bracket and support brackets are all adjustable and have sets of drilled holes or slits for use in attachment and wherein the wider the distance between the holes or slits used, the more the sign movement providing a wide variety of sign motions including a sideways swinging motion and a vertical rocking motion. 5. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein many of the structural brace members consist of a larger connecting aluminum host tube and 2 smaller aluminum insert tubes that slide inside and protrude at both ends of the host tube. 6. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the brace members in claim 5 are further comprised of a fastening mechanism consisting of thumb screws attached to both ends of the host tube and when twisted, press against and pinch the 2 smaller insert tubes to produce a snug, secure fasten. 7. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the brace members in claim 5 can telescope or stretch up to the point where markings embedded onto the insert tubes have become visible and wherein if stretched beyond the markings, the insert tubes may have slid too far and the thumb screws may miss pinching the insert tubes. 8. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein all the joints are made from the same larger host tube in claim 5 and wherein thumb screws attached to the joint's branches that when twisted, press against and pinch the smaller insert tubes including those protruding from the brace members in claim 5. 9. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein all the joints in claim 8 allow the attached brace members and insert tubes to slide inside the joints for easy attachment, adjustment and fastening using the joint's thumb screws. 10. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the overall length of the brace members in claim 5 can be changed by coupling additional host and insert tubes to the brace members. 11. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the overall length of the brace members in claim 5 can be further changed by providing tubes of different lengths. 12. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein combining the telescoping capabilities in claim 7 with the additional tubes in claim 10 and with using the multiple tube lengths in claim 11, together provides an extensive range of platform configurations for supporting a wide assortment of signs, indicia bearing media and advertising devices including multiple sided versions for viewing in several directions. 13. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the spine is comprised of two parallel brace members in claim 5 that are interconnected using the joints in claim 8 and wherein the lower end of the spine is attached to both sides of the motor housing with the upper ends of the spine and web are loosely fastened to user-furnished posts, carts and so forth using a variety of store bought connectors including zip-ties and rope providing a capability to freely swing in many directions as a single unit to minimize the effect of aerodynamic and other forces. 14. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the bearing assemblies are constructed from the host tubes in claim 5 allowing the bearing assemblies to slide along the insert tubes used in the sign frame structure before being fastened to the sign frame using the thumb screws attached to the bearing assembly's host tubes. 15. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein one or more sides of the sign frame can be optionally welded together while still allowing the bearing assemblies to slide along the insert tubes used in the sign frame structure. 16. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein one or more sides of the sign frame can be optionally bolted together while still allowing the bearing assemblies to slide along the insert tubes used in the sign frame structure. 17. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the web can be optionally coupled to the spine using a variety of host tubes, insert tubes, connecting joints and thumb screws to provide numerous web configurations including multiple tiers and over hanging extension arms. 18. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein a hinge joint is optionally used instead of the store bought connectors in claim 13 to couple the spine and web to user furnished structures wherein this hinge arrangement limits swinging of the entire platform to one back and forth direction only. 19. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1 wherein includes designed-in slop or space between the host and insert tubes so if any tubes become dirty or damaged, the insert tubes may still slide and be snuggly fastened using the thumb screws in claim 6. 20. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1 wherein can be adapted or modified to be made from alternate materials including aluminum, plastics and composites and utilize alternate fastening mechanisms including thumb screws, snap buttons, and bolts with washers and nuts. | A sign waving machine platform for street side promotions that incorporates a base frame, a sign waving apparatus plus an upper web to attach accessories including mannequins and electric signs. The sign waving apparatus includes a motor housing, battery, electric motor and bracket assembly that couples the motor drive shaft to a sign frame which moves relative to the housing as the motor drive shaft rotates. Signs can be attached to all sides of the sign frame. The platform attaches at the top only to posts, carts and other so it can freely swing in many directions with the wind. This rugged, lightweight platform has a primary structure made from 2 aluminum tubes; one slides inside the other and telescopes. Fastening occurs using thumb screws attached to the outer tubes and joints that when twisted, pinches the inside interconnecting tubes. The platform stretches in many directions providing numerous configurations.1. A sign waving machine platform that supports a sign waving apparatus plus other advertising media and which attaches to user furnished structures allowing the platform to freely swing with the platform comprising:
a spine constructed from telescoping aluminum tubes that loosely attaches at the top to user furnished posts, carts and so forth and which supports a sign waving apparatus; a web constructed from telescoping aluminum tubes that can be attached to the top of the spine to provide additional mounting sites for electric signs, mannequins, flags and other signs; a sign waving apparatus attached to the bottom of the spine that includes a motor housing, electric motor, sign frame, drive bracket, support brackets and bearing assemblies; a motor housing attached to the bottom of the spine that encloses an electric motor that attaches to a drive bracket outside of the housing and wherein the motor's power wires are connected to a battery; a adjustable sign frame constructed from telescoping aluminum tubes which surrounds the motor housing and wherein signs can be attached to all sides of the sign frame for viewing in several directions and wherein the sign frame can stretch or telescope to accommodate a variety of sign sizes and drive motor configurations; a adjustable drive bracket that couples the motor drive shaft to a bearing assembly mounted on the sign frame wherein movement of the drive bracket causes movement of the sign frame relative to the motor housing; a series of adjustable free swinging support brackets that connect both sides of the motor housing to bearing assemblies mounted on the sign frame and wherein these support brackets move in tandem with the drive bracket and support most of the combined weight of the sign frame and its attached signs; and a series of adjustable bearing assemblies mounted on the sign frame that connects the drive and support brackets to the sign frame and wherein these bearing assemblies can slide along the sign frame's tubing members to fine-tune connections before being securely fastened. 2. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the sign frame can be adjusted to mount competitive sign waving apparatuses that generally sit on top of the ground and elevating them off the ground so that they can freely swing with the wind. 3. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein pin mechanisms or other attachment mechanisms can be used instead of the bearing assemblies. 4. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein both the drive bracket and support brackets are all adjustable and have sets of drilled holes or slits for use in attachment and wherein the wider the distance between the holes or slits used, the more the sign movement providing a wide variety of sign motions including a sideways swinging motion and a vertical rocking motion. 5. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein many of the structural brace members consist of a larger connecting aluminum host tube and 2 smaller aluminum insert tubes that slide inside and protrude at both ends of the host tube. 6. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the brace members in claim 5 are further comprised of a fastening mechanism consisting of thumb screws attached to both ends of the host tube and when twisted, press against and pinch the 2 smaller insert tubes to produce a snug, secure fasten. 7. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the brace members in claim 5 can telescope or stretch up to the point where markings embedded onto the insert tubes have become visible and wherein if stretched beyond the markings, the insert tubes may have slid too far and the thumb screws may miss pinching the insert tubes. 8. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein all the joints are made from the same larger host tube in claim 5 and wherein thumb screws attached to the joint's branches that when twisted, press against and pinch the smaller insert tubes including those protruding from the brace members in claim 5. 9. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein all the joints in claim 8 allow the attached brace members and insert tubes to slide inside the joints for easy attachment, adjustment and fastening using the joint's thumb screws. 10. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the overall length of the brace members in claim 5 can be changed by coupling additional host and insert tubes to the brace members. 11. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the overall length of the brace members in claim 5 can be further changed by providing tubes of different lengths. 12. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein combining the telescoping capabilities in claim 7 with the additional tubes in claim 10 and with using the multiple tube lengths in claim 11, together provides an extensive range of platform configurations for supporting a wide assortment of signs, indicia bearing media and advertising devices including multiple sided versions for viewing in several directions. 13. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the spine is comprised of two parallel brace members in claim 5 that are interconnected using the joints in claim 8 and wherein the lower end of the spine is attached to both sides of the motor housing with the upper ends of the spine and web are loosely fastened to user-furnished posts, carts and so forth using a variety of store bought connectors including zip-ties and rope providing a capability to freely swing in many directions as a single unit to minimize the effect of aerodynamic and other forces. 14. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the bearing assemblies are constructed from the host tubes in claim 5 allowing the bearing assemblies to slide along the insert tubes used in the sign frame structure before being fastened to the sign frame using the thumb screws attached to the bearing assembly's host tubes. 15. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein one or more sides of the sign frame can be optionally welded together while still allowing the bearing assemblies to slide along the insert tubes used in the sign frame structure. 16. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein one or more sides of the sign frame can be optionally bolted together while still allowing the bearing assemblies to slide along the insert tubes used in the sign frame structure. 17. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein the web can be optionally coupled to the spine using a variety of host tubes, insert tubes, connecting joints and thumb screws to provide numerous web configurations including multiple tiers and over hanging extension arms. 18. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1, wherein a hinge joint is optionally used instead of the store bought connectors in claim 13 to couple the spine and web to user furnished structures wherein this hinge arrangement limits swinging of the entire platform to one back and forth direction only. 19. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1 wherein includes designed-in slop or space between the host and insert tubes so if any tubes become dirty or damaged, the insert tubes may still slide and be snuggly fastened using the thumb screws in claim 6. 20. The sign waving machine platform of claim 1 wherein can be adapted or modified to be made from alternate materials including aluminum, plastics and composites and utilize alternate fastening mechanisms including thumb screws, snap buttons, and bolts with washers and nuts. | 3,600 |
348,975 | 16,806,493 | 3,632 | Implants are placed in turbinate mucosal tissue using a surgical device having a proximal grip portion and a distal hollow sharp needle portion that is manipulated using the grip portion and inserted submucosally into mucosal turbinate tissue. One or more biodegradable, drug-eluting solid implants are disposed within the needle. The implants have one or more implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface features along their length. An actuator disposed within the device is used to deliver one or more of the implants from the needle into the mucosal turbinate tissue and submucosally bury at least one such tissue-engaging feature therein. | 1-23. (canceled) 24. A method for sinus treatment, comprising:
grasping a proximal grip portion of a surgical device outside of a patient; manipulating the proximal grip portion to pierce mucosal turbinate tissue of the patient with a distal hollow sharp needle portion of the surgical device and submucosally insert the distal hollow sharp needle portion into the mucosal turbinate tissue; and activating an actuator disposed within the surgical device to deliver one or more biodegradable, drug-eluting solid implants from the distal hollow sharp needle portion into the mucosal turbinate tissue and submucosally bury at least one implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface feature along a length of each of the one or more implants within the mucosal turbinate tissue. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein delivering one or more biodegradable, drug-eluting solid implants from the distal hollow sharp needle portion into the mucosal turbinate tissue includes delivering two or more biodegradable, drug-eluting solid implants into the mucosal turbinate tissue. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising receiving visible, audible or tactile feedback of the progress of the one or more implants through the distal hollow sharp needle portion via one or more tabs and openings of the surgical device. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the surgical device has one or more latches that prevent removal of the actuator. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein the needle portion is bent. 29. The method of claim 24, further comprising removing the surgical device from sterile packaging. 30. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implants comprise a polymeric matrix with a drug impregnated or dispersed therein or coated thereon. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implants degrade in less than one month in mucosal turbinate tissue. 32. The method of claim 24, wherein the drug elutes from the one or more implants for at least three days and for less than one month. 33. The method of claim 24, wherein the drug comprises an angiotensin convertin enzyme (ACE) inhibitor; angiotensin receptor blocker (ARBS); antihistamine; steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent; chymase inhibitor; cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor;
decongestant; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor; mucolytic; therapeutic polymer or combination thereof. 34. The method of claim 24, wherein the drug comprises doxycycline, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 or dexamethasone. 35. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface features include projections. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the projections comprise bumps, ribs, hooks or a ratchet rack. 37. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface features include recesses. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the recesses comprise dimples, grooves or porosity. 39. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface features include a braided structure. 40. The method of claim 24, wherein one or more implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface features are swellable upon exposure to fluid. 41. The method of claim 24, further comprising not tensioning the one or more implants after implantation. 42. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implants do not draw tissue together after implantation. 43. The method of claim 24, further comprising inserting the one or more implants such that the one or more implants do not contact bone after implantation. 44. The method of claim 24, wherein the work, expressed as a product of force times distance, required to bury the one or more implants submucosally in the mucosal turbinate tissue is less than the work required to remove the one or more buried implants from the mucosal turbinate tissue. 45. The method of claim 24, wherein the maximum force required to bury the one or more implants submucosally in the mucosal turbinate tissue is less than the maximum force required to remove the one or more buried implants from the mucosal turbinate tissue. | Implants are placed in turbinate mucosal tissue using a surgical device having a proximal grip portion and a distal hollow sharp needle portion that is manipulated using the grip portion and inserted submucosally into mucosal turbinate tissue. One or more biodegradable, drug-eluting solid implants are disposed within the needle. The implants have one or more implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface features along their length. An actuator disposed within the device is used to deliver one or more of the implants from the needle into the mucosal turbinate tissue and submucosally bury at least one such tissue-engaging feature therein.1-23. (canceled) 24. A method for sinus treatment, comprising:
grasping a proximal grip portion of a surgical device outside of a patient; manipulating the proximal grip portion to pierce mucosal turbinate tissue of the patient with a distal hollow sharp needle portion of the surgical device and submucosally insert the distal hollow sharp needle portion into the mucosal turbinate tissue; and activating an actuator disposed within the surgical device to deliver one or more biodegradable, drug-eluting solid implants from the distal hollow sharp needle portion into the mucosal turbinate tissue and submucosally bury at least one implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface feature along a length of each of the one or more implants within the mucosal turbinate tissue. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein delivering one or more biodegradable, drug-eluting solid implants from the distal hollow sharp needle portion into the mucosal turbinate tissue includes delivering two or more biodegradable, drug-eluting solid implants into the mucosal turbinate tissue. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising receiving visible, audible or tactile feedback of the progress of the one or more implants through the distal hollow sharp needle portion via one or more tabs and openings of the surgical device. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the surgical device has one or more latches that prevent removal of the actuator. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein the needle portion is bent. 29. The method of claim 24, further comprising removing the surgical device from sterile packaging. 30. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implants comprise a polymeric matrix with a drug impregnated or dispersed therein or coated thereon. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implants degrade in less than one month in mucosal turbinate tissue. 32. The method of claim 24, wherein the drug elutes from the one or more implants for at least three days and for less than one month. 33. The method of claim 24, wherein the drug comprises an angiotensin convertin enzyme (ACE) inhibitor; angiotensin receptor blocker (ARBS); antihistamine; steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent; chymase inhibitor; cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor;
decongestant; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor; mucolytic; therapeutic polymer or combination thereof. 34. The method of claim 24, wherein the drug comprises doxycycline, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 or dexamethasone. 35. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface features include projections. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the projections comprise bumps, ribs, hooks or a ratchet rack. 37. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface features include recesses. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the recesses comprise dimples, grooves or porosity. 39. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface features include a braided structure. 40. The method of claim 24, wherein one or more implant withdrawal-discouraging, mucosal tissue-engaging surface features are swellable upon exposure to fluid. 41. The method of claim 24, further comprising not tensioning the one or more implants after implantation. 42. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more implants do not draw tissue together after implantation. 43. The method of claim 24, further comprising inserting the one or more implants such that the one or more implants do not contact bone after implantation. 44. The method of claim 24, wherein the work, expressed as a product of force times distance, required to bury the one or more implants submucosally in the mucosal turbinate tissue is less than the work required to remove the one or more buried implants from the mucosal turbinate tissue. 45. The method of claim 24, wherein the maximum force required to bury the one or more implants submucosally in the mucosal turbinate tissue is less than the maximum force required to remove the one or more buried implants from the mucosal turbinate tissue. | 3,600 |
348,976 | 16,806,463 | 3,632 | The present invention provides methods of detecting analytes using particles having different physico-chemical properties, such as buoyancy, size, density, spectral characteristics, and/or binding properties, in solution-based sandwich assays and solution-based competition assays. The methods can be performed using rotors and bench-top centrifuges and provide for rapid, qualitative and quantitative detection of analytes. The present invention also provides kits that can be used to perform the methods, and mixtures containing particles suitable for the methods. | 1. A method for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample, wherein the analyte in the sample is free analyte, comprising:
mixing the sample with a population of first particles and a population of second particles to form a suspension, wherein the first particles comprise the analyte in bound form; and wherein the first particles and second particles are capable of forming multi-particle complexes, removing multi-particle complexes from the suspension, and detecting the presence of free first particles in the suspension after removal of the multi-particle complexes; wherein an increase in the amount of free first particles in the suspension relative to the amount of free first particles present in a negative control suspension is indicative of the presence of the analyte in the sample. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the negative control suspension is prepared by a method comprising mixing a control sample that does not comprise the free analyte with the population of first particles and the population of second particles, and removing multi-particle complexes to form the negative control suspension. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles comprise the analyte attached to or coating structures selected from the group consisting of colloidal nanoparticles, nanotubes, hollow nanospheres, and core-shell structures, wherein the structures comprise gold, silver, platinum, copper, or a composite of any of the foregoing metals. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles comprise latex, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, PVDF, or silica. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody, antigen, polypeptide, polynucleotide, nucleoprotein, or aptamer. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody that recognizes an epitope on the analyte. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the free first particles remain in suspension at centrifugal forces of about 1600 g or less. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles are smaller than the second particles. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles sediment out of the suspension at centrifugal forces of about 1000 g to about 1600 g. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles have a diameter of about 5 nm to about 40 nm and wherein the second particles have a diameter of about 400 nm to about 2000 nm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is in a liquid form and wherein the population of the first particles and population of second particles are in solid form prior to the mixing. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte is an antigen selected from canine heartworm, feline leukemia virus, canine parvovirus, C-reactive protein, Giardia lamblia, Ehrlichia antigen or antibody, Borrelia antigen or antibody, and cardiac marker antigens. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein removing the complex comprises using centrifugal force. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the population of first particles and population of second particles are separate prior to mixing with the sample. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the average diameter of second particles to the average diameter of first particles is about 5:1 to about 50:1. 16. A mixture comprising analyte, a population of first particles, and a population of second particles, wherein the mixture comprises analyte in free and bound form, wherein the bound analyte is attached to or coating the first particles. 17. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the ratio of the average diameter of second particles to the average diameter of first particles is about 5:1 to about 50:1. 18. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the first particles are colloidal nanoparticles, nanotubes, hollow nanospheres, or core-shell structures that comprise (i) gold, silver, platinum, or copper and (ii) the bound analyte. 19. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody, antigen, polypeptide, polynucleotide, nucleoprotein, or aptamer. 20. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the second particles comprise (i) latex, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or silica and (ii) an antibody capable of recognizing an epitope of the analyte. | The present invention provides methods of detecting analytes using particles having different physico-chemical properties, such as buoyancy, size, density, spectral characteristics, and/or binding properties, in solution-based sandwich assays and solution-based competition assays. The methods can be performed using rotors and bench-top centrifuges and provide for rapid, qualitative and quantitative detection of analytes. The present invention also provides kits that can be used to perform the methods, and mixtures containing particles suitable for the methods.1. A method for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample, wherein the analyte in the sample is free analyte, comprising:
mixing the sample with a population of first particles and a population of second particles to form a suspension, wherein the first particles comprise the analyte in bound form; and wherein the first particles and second particles are capable of forming multi-particle complexes, removing multi-particle complexes from the suspension, and detecting the presence of free first particles in the suspension after removal of the multi-particle complexes; wherein an increase in the amount of free first particles in the suspension relative to the amount of free first particles present in a negative control suspension is indicative of the presence of the analyte in the sample. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the negative control suspension is prepared by a method comprising mixing a control sample that does not comprise the free analyte with the population of first particles and the population of second particles, and removing multi-particle complexes to form the negative control suspension. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles comprise the analyte attached to or coating structures selected from the group consisting of colloidal nanoparticles, nanotubes, hollow nanospheres, and core-shell structures, wherein the structures comprise gold, silver, platinum, copper, or a composite of any of the foregoing metals. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles comprise latex, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, PVDF, or silica. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody, antigen, polypeptide, polynucleotide, nucleoprotein, or aptamer. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody that recognizes an epitope on the analyte. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the free first particles remain in suspension at centrifugal forces of about 1600 g or less. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles are smaller than the second particles. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles sediment out of the suspension at centrifugal forces of about 1000 g to about 1600 g. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles have a diameter of about 5 nm to about 40 nm and wherein the second particles have a diameter of about 400 nm to about 2000 nm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is in a liquid form and wherein the population of the first particles and population of second particles are in solid form prior to the mixing. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte is an antigen selected from canine heartworm, feline leukemia virus, canine parvovirus, C-reactive protein, Giardia lamblia, Ehrlichia antigen or antibody, Borrelia antigen or antibody, and cardiac marker antigens. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein removing the complex comprises using centrifugal force. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the population of first particles and population of second particles are separate prior to mixing with the sample. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the average diameter of second particles to the average diameter of first particles is about 5:1 to about 50:1. 16. A mixture comprising analyte, a population of first particles, and a population of second particles, wherein the mixture comprises analyte in free and bound form, wherein the bound analyte is attached to or coating the first particles. 17. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the ratio of the average diameter of second particles to the average diameter of first particles is about 5:1 to about 50:1. 18. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the first particles are colloidal nanoparticles, nanotubes, hollow nanospheres, or core-shell structures that comprise (i) gold, silver, platinum, or copper and (ii) the bound analyte. 19. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody, antigen, polypeptide, polynucleotide, nucleoprotein, or aptamer. 20. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the second particles comprise (i) latex, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or silica and (ii) an antibody capable of recognizing an epitope of the analyte. | 3,600 |
348,977 | 16,806,454 | 3,632 | The present invention provides methods of detecting analytes using particles having different physico-chemical properties, such as buoyancy, size, density, spectral characteristics, and/or binding properties, in solution-based sandwich assays and solution-based competition assays. The methods can be performed using rotors and bench-top centrifuges and provide for rapid, qualitative and quantitative detection of analytes. The present invention also provides kits that can be used to perform the methods, and mixtures containing particles suitable for the methods. | 1. A method for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample, wherein the analyte in the sample is free analyte, comprising:
mixing the sample with a population of first particles and a population of second particles to form a suspension, wherein the first particles comprise the analyte in bound form; and wherein the first particles and second particles are capable of forming multi-particle complexes, removing multi-particle complexes from the suspension, and detecting the presence of free first particles in the suspension after removal of the multi-particle complexes; wherein an increase in the amount of free first particles in the suspension relative to the amount of free first particles present in a negative control suspension is indicative of the presence of the analyte in the sample. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the negative control suspension is prepared by a method comprising mixing a control sample that does not comprise the free analyte with the population of first particles and the population of second particles, and removing multi-particle complexes to form the negative control suspension. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles comprise the analyte attached to or coating structures selected from the group consisting of colloidal nanoparticles, nanotubes, hollow nanospheres, and core-shell structures, wherein the structures comprise gold, silver, platinum, copper, or a composite of any of the foregoing metals. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles comprise latex, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, PVDF, or silica. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody, antigen, polypeptide, polynucleotide, nucleoprotein, or aptamer. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody that recognizes an epitope on the analyte. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the free first particles remain in suspension at centrifugal forces of about 1600 g or less. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles are smaller than the second particles. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles sediment out of the suspension at centrifugal forces of about 1000 g to about 1600 g. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles have a diameter of about 5 nm to about 40 nm and wherein the second particles have a diameter of about 400 nm to about 2000 nm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is in a liquid form and wherein the population of the first particles and population of second particles are in solid form prior to the mixing. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte is an antigen selected from canine heartworm, feline leukemia virus, canine parvovirus, C-reactive protein, Giardia lamblia, Ehrlichia antigen or antibody, Borrelia antigen or antibody, and cardiac marker antigens. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein removing the complex comprises using centrifugal force. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the population of first particles and population of second particles are separate prior to mixing with the sample. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the average diameter of second particles to the average diameter of first particles is about 5:1 to about 50:1. 16. A mixture comprising analyte, a population of first particles, and a population of second particles, wherein the mixture comprises analyte in free and bound form, wherein the bound analyte is attached to or coating the first particles. 17. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the ratio of the average diameter of second particles to the average diameter of first particles is about 5:1 to about 50:1. 18. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the first particles are colloidal nanoparticles, nanotubes, hollow nanospheres, or core-shell structures that comprise (i) gold, silver, platinum, or copper and (ii) the bound analyte. 19. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody, antigen, polypeptide, polynucleotide, nucleoprotein, or aptamer. 20. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the second particles comprise (i) latex, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or silica and (ii) an antibody capable of recognizing an epitope of the analyte. | The present invention provides methods of detecting analytes using particles having different physico-chemical properties, such as buoyancy, size, density, spectral characteristics, and/or binding properties, in solution-based sandwich assays and solution-based competition assays. The methods can be performed using rotors and bench-top centrifuges and provide for rapid, qualitative and quantitative detection of analytes. The present invention also provides kits that can be used to perform the methods, and mixtures containing particles suitable for the methods.1. A method for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample, wherein the analyte in the sample is free analyte, comprising:
mixing the sample with a population of first particles and a population of second particles to form a suspension, wherein the first particles comprise the analyte in bound form; and wherein the first particles and second particles are capable of forming multi-particle complexes, removing multi-particle complexes from the suspension, and detecting the presence of free first particles in the suspension after removal of the multi-particle complexes; wherein an increase in the amount of free first particles in the suspension relative to the amount of free first particles present in a negative control suspension is indicative of the presence of the analyte in the sample. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the negative control suspension is prepared by a method comprising mixing a control sample that does not comprise the free analyte with the population of first particles and the population of second particles, and removing multi-particle complexes to form the negative control suspension. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles comprise the analyte attached to or coating structures selected from the group consisting of colloidal nanoparticles, nanotubes, hollow nanospheres, and core-shell structures, wherein the structures comprise gold, silver, platinum, copper, or a composite of any of the foregoing metals. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles comprise latex, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, PVDF, or silica. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody, antigen, polypeptide, polynucleotide, nucleoprotein, or aptamer. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody that recognizes an epitope on the analyte. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the free first particles remain in suspension at centrifugal forces of about 1600 g or less. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles are smaller than the second particles. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second particles sediment out of the suspension at centrifugal forces of about 1000 g to about 1600 g. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first particles have a diameter of about 5 nm to about 40 nm and wherein the second particles have a diameter of about 400 nm to about 2000 nm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is in a liquid form and wherein the population of the first particles and population of second particles are in solid form prior to the mixing. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte is an antigen selected from canine heartworm, feline leukemia virus, canine parvovirus, C-reactive protein, Giardia lamblia, Ehrlichia antigen or antibody, Borrelia antigen or antibody, and cardiac marker antigens. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein removing the complex comprises using centrifugal force. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the population of first particles and population of second particles are separate prior to mixing with the sample. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the average diameter of second particles to the average diameter of first particles is about 5:1 to about 50:1. 16. A mixture comprising analyte, a population of first particles, and a population of second particles, wherein the mixture comprises analyte in free and bound form, wherein the bound analyte is attached to or coating the first particles. 17. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the ratio of the average diameter of second particles to the average diameter of first particles is about 5:1 to about 50:1. 18. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the first particles are colloidal nanoparticles, nanotubes, hollow nanospheres, or core-shell structures that comprise (i) gold, silver, platinum, or copper and (ii) the bound analyte. 19. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the second particles comprise an antibody, antigen, polypeptide, polynucleotide, nucleoprotein, or aptamer. 20. The mixture of claim 16, wherein the second particles comprise (i) latex, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or silica and (ii) an antibody capable of recognizing an epitope of the analyte. | 3,600 |
348,978 | 16,806,537 | 3,632 | The present invention relates to attachment mean (1) for connecting plane components in dry construction, in particular for fixing two-dimensional construction material to a metallic substructure, having a shaft (2) on one end region of which a point (3) and on the other end region of which a head (4) are formed, a fine thread (5) being formed on the shaft (2) in order to increase extraction values of the attachment means (1), at least in regions, a number of grooves (6) being provided on the shaft (2) which extend substantially parallel to the central axis (X) of the shaft (2). | 1-9. (canceled) 10. A screw nail comprising
a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head; a fine thread formed on the shaft; and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft, wherein the screw nail is heat treated, and wherein each of the three grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread. 11. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. 12. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves extend from the point over a lower partial section of the shaft. 13. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves have a semicircular, V-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional profile. 14. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the fine thread has self-cutting thread flanks. 15. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the fine thread is in the form of a flat saw tooth thread or is double threaded. 16. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein each of the grooves extends the entire length of the shaft that is covered with the fine thread. 17. A method for connecting plane components in dry construction, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a screw nail comprising a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head, a fine thread being formed on the shaft, and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft; and b) securing a planar construction material and a metallic substructure underlying the construction material by driving the screw nail, substantially without rotation about the central axis, through the construction material and into the metallic sub structure. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein step b) involves the use of an automatic nail gun device 19. The method of claim 17, wherein each of the grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves are arranged such that they extend from the point over a lower partial section of the shaft. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves have a semicircular, V-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional profile. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the fine thread has self-cutting thread flanks. 24. The method of claim 17, wherein the fine thread is in the form of a flat saw tooth thread or is double threaded. 25. The screw nail of claim 17, wherein each of the grooves extends the entire length of the shaft that is covered with the fine thread. 26. The method of claim 17, wherein the screw nail is heat treated. 27. The method of claim 17, wherein the screw nail is austempered. 28. The method of claim 17, wherein the securing step causes part of the sheet metal to be displaced toward and to press against the shaft. 29. A method for connecting plane components in dry construction, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a screw nail comprising a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head, a fine thread formed on the shaft, and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft, wherein the screw nail is heat treated, and wherein each of the grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread; and b) securing a planar construction material and a metallic substructure underlying the construction material by driving the screw nail, substantially without rotation about the central axis, through the construction material and into the metallic substructure so that part of the sheet metal is displaced toward and presses against the shaft. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. | The present invention relates to attachment mean (1) for connecting plane components in dry construction, in particular for fixing two-dimensional construction material to a metallic substructure, having a shaft (2) on one end region of which a point (3) and on the other end region of which a head (4) are formed, a fine thread (5) being formed on the shaft (2) in order to increase extraction values of the attachment means (1), at least in regions, a number of grooves (6) being provided on the shaft (2) which extend substantially parallel to the central axis (X) of the shaft (2).1-9. (canceled) 10. A screw nail comprising
a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head; a fine thread formed on the shaft; and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft, wherein the screw nail is heat treated, and wherein each of the three grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread. 11. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. 12. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves extend from the point over a lower partial section of the shaft. 13. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves have a semicircular, V-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional profile. 14. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the fine thread has self-cutting thread flanks. 15. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the fine thread is in the form of a flat saw tooth thread or is double threaded. 16. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein each of the grooves extends the entire length of the shaft that is covered with the fine thread. 17. A method for connecting plane components in dry construction, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a screw nail comprising a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head, a fine thread being formed on the shaft, and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft; and b) securing a planar construction material and a metallic substructure underlying the construction material by driving the screw nail, substantially without rotation about the central axis, through the construction material and into the metallic sub structure. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein step b) involves the use of an automatic nail gun device 19. The method of claim 17, wherein each of the grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves are arranged such that they extend from the point over a lower partial section of the shaft. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves have a semicircular, V-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional profile. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the fine thread has self-cutting thread flanks. 24. The method of claim 17, wherein the fine thread is in the form of a flat saw tooth thread or is double threaded. 25. The screw nail of claim 17, wherein each of the grooves extends the entire length of the shaft that is covered with the fine thread. 26. The method of claim 17, wherein the screw nail is heat treated. 27. The method of claim 17, wherein the screw nail is austempered. 28. The method of claim 17, wherein the securing step causes part of the sheet metal to be displaced toward and to press against the shaft. 29. A method for connecting plane components in dry construction, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a screw nail comprising a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head, a fine thread formed on the shaft, and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft, wherein the screw nail is heat treated, and wherein each of the grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread; and b) securing a planar construction material and a metallic substructure underlying the construction material by driving the screw nail, substantially without rotation about the central axis, through the construction material and into the metallic substructure so that part of the sheet metal is displaced toward and presses against the shaft. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. | 3,600 |
348,979 | 16,806,546 | 3,632 | The present invention relates to attachment mean (1) for connecting plane components in dry construction, in particular for fixing two-dimensional construction material to a metallic substructure, having a shaft (2) on one end region of which a point (3) and on the other end region of which a head (4) are formed, a fine thread (5) being formed on the shaft (2) in order to increase extraction values of the attachment means (1), at least in regions, a number of grooves (6) being provided on the shaft (2) which extend substantially parallel to the central axis (X) of the shaft (2). | 1-9. (canceled) 10. A screw nail comprising
a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head; a fine thread formed on the shaft; and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft, wherein the screw nail is heat treated, and wherein each of the three grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread. 11. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. 12. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves extend from the point over a lower partial section of the shaft. 13. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves have a semicircular, V-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional profile. 14. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the fine thread has self-cutting thread flanks. 15. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the fine thread is in the form of a flat saw tooth thread or is double threaded. 16. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein each of the grooves extends the entire length of the shaft that is covered with the fine thread. 17. A method for connecting plane components in dry construction, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a screw nail comprising a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head, a fine thread being formed on the shaft, and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft; and b) securing a planar construction material and a metallic substructure underlying the construction material by driving the screw nail, substantially without rotation about the central axis, through the construction material and into the metallic sub structure. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein step b) involves the use of an automatic nail gun device 19. The method of claim 17, wherein each of the grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves are arranged such that they extend from the point over a lower partial section of the shaft. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves have a semicircular, V-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional profile. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the fine thread has self-cutting thread flanks. 24. The method of claim 17, wherein the fine thread is in the form of a flat saw tooth thread or is double threaded. 25. The screw nail of claim 17, wherein each of the grooves extends the entire length of the shaft that is covered with the fine thread. 26. The method of claim 17, wherein the screw nail is heat treated. 27. The method of claim 17, wherein the screw nail is austempered. 28. The method of claim 17, wherein the securing step causes part of the sheet metal to be displaced toward and to press against the shaft. 29. A method for connecting plane components in dry construction, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a screw nail comprising a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head, a fine thread formed on the shaft, and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft, wherein the screw nail is heat treated, and wherein each of the grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread; and b) securing a planar construction material and a metallic substructure underlying the construction material by driving the screw nail, substantially without rotation about the central axis, through the construction material and into the metallic substructure so that part of the sheet metal is displaced toward and presses against the shaft. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. | The present invention relates to attachment mean (1) for connecting plane components in dry construction, in particular for fixing two-dimensional construction material to a metallic substructure, having a shaft (2) on one end region of which a point (3) and on the other end region of which a head (4) are formed, a fine thread (5) being formed on the shaft (2) in order to increase extraction values of the attachment means (1), at least in regions, a number of grooves (6) being provided on the shaft (2) which extend substantially parallel to the central axis (X) of the shaft (2).1-9. (canceled) 10. A screw nail comprising
a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head; a fine thread formed on the shaft; and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft, wherein the screw nail is heat treated, and wherein each of the three grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread. 11. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. 12. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves extend from the point over a lower partial section of the shaft. 13. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the grooves have a semicircular, V-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional profile. 14. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the fine thread has self-cutting thread flanks. 15. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein the fine thread is in the form of a flat saw tooth thread or is double threaded. 16. The screw nail of claim 10, wherein each of the grooves extends the entire length of the shaft that is covered with the fine thread. 17. A method for connecting plane components in dry construction, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a screw nail comprising a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head, a fine thread being formed on the shaft, and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft; and b) securing a planar construction material and a metallic substructure underlying the construction material by driving the screw nail, substantially without rotation about the central axis, through the construction material and into the metallic sub structure. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein step b) involves the use of an automatic nail gun device 19. The method of claim 17, wherein each of the grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves are arranged such that they extend from the point over a lower partial section of the shaft. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the grooves have a semicircular, V-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional profile. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the fine thread has self-cutting thread flanks. 24. The method of claim 17, wherein the fine thread is in the form of a flat saw tooth thread or is double threaded. 25. The screw nail of claim 17, wherein each of the grooves extends the entire length of the shaft that is covered with the fine thread. 26. The method of claim 17, wherein the screw nail is heat treated. 27. The method of claim 17, wherein the screw nail is austempered. 28. The method of claim 17, wherein the securing step causes part of the sheet metal to be displaced toward and to press against the shaft. 29. A method for connecting plane components in dry construction, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a screw nail comprising a shaft having a first end forming a point and a second end forming a head, a fine thread formed on the shaft, and three grooves being provided on the shaft and extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the shaft, wherein the screw nail is heat treated, and wherein each of the grooves has a depth which is the same as a depth of the fine thread; and b) securing a planar construction material and a metallic substructure underlying the construction material by driving the screw nail, substantially without rotation about the central axis, through the construction material and into the metallic substructure so that part of the sheet metal is displaced toward and presses against the shaft. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the grooves are evenly distributed over the peripheral surface of the shaft. | 3,600 |
348,980 | 16,806,535 | 3,632 | A memory device includes a voltage generator that provides a read voltage to a selected word line and provides a pass voltage to a plurality of unselected word lines, and a deterioration level detection circuit. The selected word line and the unselected word lines are connected to a plurality of memory cells. The deterioration level detection circuit detects a deterioration level of memory cells connected to the selected word line based on data of memory cells that receive the read voltage. The memory cells connected to the selected word line and the memory cells that receive the read voltage are included in the plurality of memory cells. The voltage generator changes the pass voltage provided to the unselected word lines based on the deterioration level. | 1. A memory device, comprising:
a voltage generator that provides a read voltage to a selected word line and provides a pass voltage to a plurality of unselected word lines, wherein the selected word line and the unselected word lines are connected to a plurality of memory cells; a dummy voltage supply unit that provides a dummy voltage to the selected word line before the read voltage is provided to the selected word line; a degradation level detection circuit that detects a degradation level of memory cells connected to the selected word line based on data of memory cells that receive the dummy voltage, wherein the memory cells connected to the selected word line and the memory cells that receive the dummy voltage are included in the plurality of memory cells; and a pass voltage change circuit that changes the pass voltage provided to the unselected word lines based on the degradation level. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the dummy voltage supply unit provides the dummy voltage a plurality of times before a read operation of each of a plurality of bit pages of a single page. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the dummy voltage supply unit provides the dummy voltage before a read operation of a single page. 4. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the degradation level detection circuit determines a change of a threshold voltage of the memory cells that receive the dummy voltage by counting at least one of ON cells and OFF cells corresponding to the dummy voltage based on the data of the memory cells that receive the dummy voltage. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the degradation level detection circuit detects the degradation level based on a change of a threshold voltage of the memory cells that receive the dummy voltage. 6. The memory device of claim 4, wherein the pass voltage change circuit reduces the pass voltage in response to the change of the threshold voltage. 7. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the pass voltage change circuit provides the pass voltage having been changed in a time section in which the read voltage is applied. 8. A memory device, comprising:
a memory cell array comprising a plurality of memory cells connected to word lines and bit lines, wherein each of memory cells stores two or more bits of data; a voltage generator that provides a read voltage to a selected word line of the word lines and provides a pass voltage to a plurality of unselected word lines of the word lines; a pass voltage change circuit that changes the pass voltage provided to the unselected word lines based on a degradation level of memory cells, wherein the voltage generator provides a first pass voltage to the unselected word lines during a first time period for reading a first bit of data stored in a selected memory cell connected to the selected word line, and provides a second pass voltage different from the first pass voltage to the unselected word lines during a second time period for reading a second bit of data stored in the selected memory cell. 9. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the first bit is an upper bit and the second bit is a lower bit. 10. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the first bit is an lower bit and the second bit is a upper bit. 11. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the first pass voltage includes a prior pass voltage provided to the unselected word lines at a first time point of the first time period and a posterior pass voltage provided to the unselected word lines at a second time point after the first time point,
wherein the prior pass voltage and the posterior pass voltage have different magnitudes. 12. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the first pass voltage is determined according to the degradation level detected from a dummy voltage provided prior to the read voltage,
wherein the second pass voltage is determined according to the degradation level detected from a read voltage during the first time period. 13. The memory device of claim 12, wherein the voltage generator is configured to provide a third pass voltage varied according to the degradation level detected during the second time period to the unselected word lines during a third time period in which a third bit of the selected memory cell is read. 14. A memory device, comprising:
a memory cell array comprising a plurality of pages, wherein each of the pages comprises a plurality of memory cells; and a pass voltage change circuit that changes a pass voltage supplied to pages connected to unselected word lines based on a degradation level of memory cells included in a page connected to a selected word line, wherein the pages connected to the unselected word lines and the page connected to the selected word line are included in the plurality of pages, wherein the pass voltage change circuit provides the pass voltage having been changed to at least one page from among the pages connected to the unselected word lines. 15. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the pass voltage change circuit provides the pass voltage having been changed to at least one page in which a read operation is completed,
wherein the at least one page in which the read operation is completed is included in the pages connected to the unselected word lines. 16. The memory device of claim 15, wherein the at least one page that receives the pass voltage having been changed is disposed on a side based on the selected word line. 17. The memory device of claim 16, wherein the pass voltage is received by a plurality of pages, the pages that receive the pass voltage are sequentially disposed, and the read operation is performed in an arrangement direction of the sequentially disposed pages. 18. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the pass voltage change circuit provides the pass voltage having been changed to all of the pages connected to the unselected word lines. 19. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the pass voltage change circuit provides the pass voltage having been changed to pages disposed adjacent to the page connected to the selected word line, wherein the pages disposed adjacent to the page connected to the selected word line are included in the unselected word lines. 20. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the degradation level is provided by a memory controller that communicates with the memory device. | A memory device includes a voltage generator that provides a read voltage to a selected word line and provides a pass voltage to a plurality of unselected word lines, and a deterioration level detection circuit. The selected word line and the unselected word lines are connected to a plurality of memory cells. The deterioration level detection circuit detects a deterioration level of memory cells connected to the selected word line based on data of memory cells that receive the read voltage. The memory cells connected to the selected word line and the memory cells that receive the read voltage are included in the plurality of memory cells. The voltage generator changes the pass voltage provided to the unselected word lines based on the deterioration level.1. A memory device, comprising:
a voltage generator that provides a read voltage to a selected word line and provides a pass voltage to a plurality of unselected word lines, wherein the selected word line and the unselected word lines are connected to a plurality of memory cells; a dummy voltage supply unit that provides a dummy voltage to the selected word line before the read voltage is provided to the selected word line; a degradation level detection circuit that detects a degradation level of memory cells connected to the selected word line based on data of memory cells that receive the dummy voltage, wherein the memory cells connected to the selected word line and the memory cells that receive the dummy voltage are included in the plurality of memory cells; and a pass voltage change circuit that changes the pass voltage provided to the unselected word lines based on the degradation level. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the dummy voltage supply unit provides the dummy voltage a plurality of times before a read operation of each of a plurality of bit pages of a single page. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the dummy voltage supply unit provides the dummy voltage before a read operation of a single page. 4. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the degradation level detection circuit determines a change of a threshold voltage of the memory cells that receive the dummy voltage by counting at least one of ON cells and OFF cells corresponding to the dummy voltage based on the data of the memory cells that receive the dummy voltage. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the degradation level detection circuit detects the degradation level based on a change of a threshold voltage of the memory cells that receive the dummy voltage. 6. The memory device of claim 4, wherein the pass voltage change circuit reduces the pass voltage in response to the change of the threshold voltage. 7. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the pass voltage change circuit provides the pass voltage having been changed in a time section in which the read voltage is applied. 8. A memory device, comprising:
a memory cell array comprising a plurality of memory cells connected to word lines and bit lines, wherein each of memory cells stores two or more bits of data; a voltage generator that provides a read voltage to a selected word line of the word lines and provides a pass voltage to a plurality of unselected word lines of the word lines; a pass voltage change circuit that changes the pass voltage provided to the unselected word lines based on a degradation level of memory cells, wherein the voltage generator provides a first pass voltage to the unselected word lines during a first time period for reading a first bit of data stored in a selected memory cell connected to the selected word line, and provides a second pass voltage different from the first pass voltage to the unselected word lines during a second time period for reading a second bit of data stored in the selected memory cell. 9. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the first bit is an upper bit and the second bit is a lower bit. 10. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the first bit is an lower bit and the second bit is a upper bit. 11. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the first pass voltage includes a prior pass voltage provided to the unselected word lines at a first time point of the first time period and a posterior pass voltage provided to the unselected word lines at a second time point after the first time point,
wherein the prior pass voltage and the posterior pass voltage have different magnitudes. 12. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the first pass voltage is determined according to the degradation level detected from a dummy voltage provided prior to the read voltage,
wherein the second pass voltage is determined according to the degradation level detected from a read voltage during the first time period. 13. The memory device of claim 12, wherein the voltage generator is configured to provide a third pass voltage varied according to the degradation level detected during the second time period to the unselected word lines during a third time period in which a third bit of the selected memory cell is read. 14. A memory device, comprising:
a memory cell array comprising a plurality of pages, wherein each of the pages comprises a plurality of memory cells; and a pass voltage change circuit that changes a pass voltage supplied to pages connected to unselected word lines based on a degradation level of memory cells included in a page connected to a selected word line, wherein the pages connected to the unselected word lines and the page connected to the selected word line are included in the plurality of pages, wherein the pass voltage change circuit provides the pass voltage having been changed to at least one page from among the pages connected to the unselected word lines. 15. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the pass voltage change circuit provides the pass voltage having been changed to at least one page in which a read operation is completed,
wherein the at least one page in which the read operation is completed is included in the pages connected to the unselected word lines. 16. The memory device of claim 15, wherein the at least one page that receives the pass voltage having been changed is disposed on a side based on the selected word line. 17. The memory device of claim 16, wherein the pass voltage is received by a plurality of pages, the pages that receive the pass voltage are sequentially disposed, and the read operation is performed in an arrangement direction of the sequentially disposed pages. 18. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the pass voltage change circuit provides the pass voltage having been changed to all of the pages connected to the unselected word lines. 19. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the pass voltage change circuit provides the pass voltage having been changed to pages disposed adjacent to the page connected to the selected word line, wherein the pages disposed adjacent to the page connected to the selected word line are included in the unselected word lines. 20. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the degradation level is provided by a memory controller that communicates with the memory device. | 3,600 |
348,981 | 16,806,534 | 3,632 | A rechargeable hexagonal battery for electronic devices is disclosed. The battery includes an outer casing, protecting one or more electronic components. The battery includes a plurality of sides configured with at least six sides. The battery includes at least six points of intersection between one or more of the sides. The battery includes a power button affixed to the casing. The battery includes a charging port positioned on a bottom end of the casing to provide a recharge. | 1. A rechargeable hexagonal battery for electronic devices comprising:
an outer casing, protecting one or more electronic components; a plurality of sides configured with at least six sides; at least six points of intersection between one or more of the sides; a power button affixed to the casing; and a charging port positioned on a bottom end of the casing to provide a recharge. 2. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein the power button is configured to be pressable resulting in a charge being provided to a cartridge of the electronic device. 3. The hexagonal battery of claim 2, wherein the power button is configured with three different power modes. 4. The hexagonal battery of claim 3, wherein the power modes can be one or more of low, medium or high. 5. The hexagonal battery of claim 3, wherein the power button is configured with an illumination device resulting in three different colors illuminating in order to indicate each of the three different power modes. 6. The hexagonal battery of claim 3, wherein the power button is configured to activate one or more power modes based on a predetermined time count of pressure applied to the power button. 7. The hexagonal battery of claim 2, wherein the charge is transmitted to the cartridge and a coil inside of the cartridge heats oil held inside of the cartridge. 8. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein a top end of the casing comprises of a plurality of threads, wherein the threads are configured to be removably attached to the electronic device or a cartridge of the electronic device. 9. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein each of the sides is configured to provide stability and prevent rolling as a result of being placed on a flat surface. 10. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein the casing is configured to provide additional protection to one or more battery components. 11. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, configured to charge electronic devices selected from the group comprising electronic cigarettes, portable charging packs, vaping devices, inhalation devices, preferably, and electronic cigarettes. 12. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein the hexagonal battery is one or more of a lithium-ion battery (including thin film lithium ion batteries), a lithium ion polymer battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lead-acid battery, and combinations thereof. 13. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein the casing is configured to be wirelessly charged, or receive a rechargeable power via a constant DC or pulsed DC power source, a motion-powered charger, a pulse charger, a solar charger, a wind charger, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) charger, and combinations thereof. 14. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein an adapter is configured to provide an additional charge to a user equipment or mobile device, wherein the adapter is communicatively coupled to one or more terminals of the hexagonal battery. | A rechargeable hexagonal battery for electronic devices is disclosed. The battery includes an outer casing, protecting one or more electronic components. The battery includes a plurality of sides configured with at least six sides. The battery includes at least six points of intersection between one or more of the sides. The battery includes a power button affixed to the casing. The battery includes a charging port positioned on a bottom end of the casing to provide a recharge.1. A rechargeable hexagonal battery for electronic devices comprising:
an outer casing, protecting one or more electronic components; a plurality of sides configured with at least six sides; at least six points of intersection between one or more of the sides; a power button affixed to the casing; and a charging port positioned on a bottom end of the casing to provide a recharge. 2. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein the power button is configured to be pressable resulting in a charge being provided to a cartridge of the electronic device. 3. The hexagonal battery of claim 2, wherein the power button is configured with three different power modes. 4. The hexagonal battery of claim 3, wherein the power modes can be one or more of low, medium or high. 5. The hexagonal battery of claim 3, wherein the power button is configured with an illumination device resulting in three different colors illuminating in order to indicate each of the three different power modes. 6. The hexagonal battery of claim 3, wherein the power button is configured to activate one or more power modes based on a predetermined time count of pressure applied to the power button. 7. The hexagonal battery of claim 2, wherein the charge is transmitted to the cartridge and a coil inside of the cartridge heats oil held inside of the cartridge. 8. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein a top end of the casing comprises of a plurality of threads, wherein the threads are configured to be removably attached to the electronic device or a cartridge of the electronic device. 9. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein each of the sides is configured to provide stability and prevent rolling as a result of being placed on a flat surface. 10. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein the casing is configured to provide additional protection to one or more battery components. 11. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, configured to charge electronic devices selected from the group comprising electronic cigarettes, portable charging packs, vaping devices, inhalation devices, preferably, and electronic cigarettes. 12. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein the hexagonal battery is one or more of a lithium-ion battery (including thin film lithium ion batteries), a lithium ion polymer battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lead-acid battery, and combinations thereof. 13. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein the casing is configured to be wirelessly charged, or receive a rechargeable power via a constant DC or pulsed DC power source, a motion-powered charger, a pulse charger, a solar charger, a wind charger, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) charger, and combinations thereof. 14. The hexagonal battery of claim 1, wherein an adapter is configured to provide an additional charge to a user equipment or mobile device, wherein the adapter is communicatively coupled to one or more terminals of the hexagonal battery. | 3,600 |
348,982 | 16,806,547 | 2,875 | Light fixture assemblies include a connector circuit board, light emitting diode (LED) printed circuit boards (PCBs), and an LED driver circuit. The connector board includes first LED PCB connectors and a first LED driver connector. The LED PCBs include second LED PCB connectors configured to connect to the first LED PCB connectors. The LED driver circuit includes a second LED driver connector configured to connect to the first LED driver connector. The first LED PCB connectors may include two or more first LED PCB connectors. Methods of assembling light fixtures include placing LED circuit boards including LED circuit board connectors on support structures, respectively, connecting connectors of a connector circuit board to the LED circuit board connectors, respectively, placing an end housing over the connector circuit board, and affixing the end housing to the support structures. | 1. A light fixture comprising:
a connector circuit board comprising:
a plurality of first LED printed circuit board (PCB) connectors; and
a first LED driver connector;
a plurality of LED PCBs including a plurality of second LED PCB connectors connected to the plurality of first LED PCB connectors; and an LED driver circuit including a second LED driver connector connected to the first LED driver connector. 2. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first LED PCB connectors includes two, four, six, or more first LED PCB connectors, and
wherein the plurality of second LED PCB connectors includes two, four, six, or more second LED PCB connectors. 3. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first LED PCB connectors are male connectors and the plurality of second LED PCB connectors are female connectors. 4. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first LED PCB connectors are female connectors and the plurality of second LED PCB connectors are male connectors. 5. The light fixture of claim 1, further comprising a housing configured to receive and enclose the connector board. 6. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the connector circuit board includes electrically-conductive traces electrically coupling the plurality of first LED PCB connectors to the first LED driver connector. 7. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first LED PCB connectors is a plurality of female slot connectors, which are perpendicular to a plane of the connector board, and
wherein the plurality of second LED PCB connectors is a plurality of male slot connectors. 8. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first LED PCB connectors is a plurality of female pin connectors, and
wherein the plurality of second LED PCB connectors is a plurality of male pin connectors. 9. A connector circuit board assembly comprising:
a circuit board; a plurality of LED printed circuit board (PCB) connectors coupled to the circuit board on opposite sides of the circuit board; and a plurality of LED driver connectors coupled to the circuit board between the LED PCB connectors. 10. The connector circuit board assembly of claim 9, wherein the plurality of LED driver connectors are pressure-fit male connectors configured to receive and couple to an end portion of a wire. 11. The connector circuit board assembly of claim 9, wherein the plurality of LED PCB connectors includes at least two LED PCB connectors electrically coupled together in series by a plurality of electrically-conductive traces of the circuit board,
wherein a first LED driver connector of the plurality of LED driver connectors is electrically coupled to a first end portion of the series-connected LED PCB connectors by a first electrically-conductive trace of the circuit board, and wherein a second LED driver connector of the plurality of LED driver connectors is electrically coupled to a second end portion of the series-connected LED PCB connectors by a second electrically-conductive trace of the circuit board. 12. The connector circuit board assembly of claim 9, wherein the plurality of LED PCB connectors includes two LED PCB connectors on a first side of the circuit board and two LED PCB connectors on a second side of the circuit board,
wherein the LED PCB connectors of the first and second sides of the circuit board are coupled together in series, wherein a first LED driver connector of the plurality of LED driver connectors is electrically coupled to a first end portion of the series-connected LED PCB connectors by a first electrically-conductive trace of the circuit board, and wherein a second LED driver connector of the plurality of LED driver connectors is electrically coupled to a second end portion of the series-connected LED PCB connectors by a second electrically-conductive trace of the circuit board. 13. A method of assembling an LED light fixture, comprising:
placing a plurality of LED circuit boards including a plurality of LED circuit board connectors on a plurality of support structures, respectively; connecting a plurality of connector circuit board connectors of a connector circuit board to the plurality of LED circuit board connectors, respectively; placing an end housing over the connector circuit board; and affixing the end housing to the plurality of support structures. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein connecting the plurality of LED circuit board connectors to the plurality of connector circuit board connectors includes inserting the plurality of LED circuit board connectors into the plurality of connector circuit board connectors, respectively. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein affixing the end housing to the plurality of support structures includes:
passing a plurality of fasteners through a plurality of apertures in the end housing corresponding to the plurality of support structures; and affixing end portions of the plurality of fasteners to the plurality of support structures, respectively. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of fasteners is a plurality of screws. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein placing an end housing over the connector circuit board includes seating the connector circuit board in the end housing. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of LED circuit board connectors is a plurality of connection pads. | Light fixture assemblies include a connector circuit board, light emitting diode (LED) printed circuit boards (PCBs), and an LED driver circuit. The connector board includes first LED PCB connectors and a first LED driver connector. The LED PCBs include second LED PCB connectors configured to connect to the first LED PCB connectors. The LED driver circuit includes a second LED driver connector configured to connect to the first LED driver connector. The first LED PCB connectors may include two or more first LED PCB connectors. Methods of assembling light fixtures include placing LED circuit boards including LED circuit board connectors on support structures, respectively, connecting connectors of a connector circuit board to the LED circuit board connectors, respectively, placing an end housing over the connector circuit board, and affixing the end housing to the support structures.1. A light fixture comprising:
a connector circuit board comprising:
a plurality of first LED printed circuit board (PCB) connectors; and
a first LED driver connector;
a plurality of LED PCBs including a plurality of second LED PCB connectors connected to the plurality of first LED PCB connectors; and an LED driver circuit including a second LED driver connector connected to the first LED driver connector. 2. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first LED PCB connectors includes two, four, six, or more first LED PCB connectors, and
wherein the plurality of second LED PCB connectors includes two, four, six, or more second LED PCB connectors. 3. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first LED PCB connectors are male connectors and the plurality of second LED PCB connectors are female connectors. 4. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first LED PCB connectors are female connectors and the plurality of second LED PCB connectors are male connectors. 5. The light fixture of claim 1, further comprising a housing configured to receive and enclose the connector board. 6. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the connector circuit board includes electrically-conductive traces electrically coupling the plurality of first LED PCB connectors to the first LED driver connector. 7. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first LED PCB connectors is a plurality of female slot connectors, which are perpendicular to a plane of the connector board, and
wherein the plurality of second LED PCB connectors is a plurality of male slot connectors. 8. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first LED PCB connectors is a plurality of female pin connectors, and
wherein the plurality of second LED PCB connectors is a plurality of male pin connectors. 9. A connector circuit board assembly comprising:
a circuit board; a plurality of LED printed circuit board (PCB) connectors coupled to the circuit board on opposite sides of the circuit board; and a plurality of LED driver connectors coupled to the circuit board between the LED PCB connectors. 10. The connector circuit board assembly of claim 9, wherein the plurality of LED driver connectors are pressure-fit male connectors configured to receive and couple to an end portion of a wire. 11. The connector circuit board assembly of claim 9, wherein the plurality of LED PCB connectors includes at least two LED PCB connectors electrically coupled together in series by a plurality of electrically-conductive traces of the circuit board,
wherein a first LED driver connector of the plurality of LED driver connectors is electrically coupled to a first end portion of the series-connected LED PCB connectors by a first electrically-conductive trace of the circuit board, and wherein a second LED driver connector of the plurality of LED driver connectors is electrically coupled to a second end portion of the series-connected LED PCB connectors by a second electrically-conductive trace of the circuit board. 12. The connector circuit board assembly of claim 9, wherein the plurality of LED PCB connectors includes two LED PCB connectors on a first side of the circuit board and two LED PCB connectors on a second side of the circuit board,
wherein the LED PCB connectors of the first and second sides of the circuit board are coupled together in series, wherein a first LED driver connector of the plurality of LED driver connectors is electrically coupled to a first end portion of the series-connected LED PCB connectors by a first electrically-conductive trace of the circuit board, and wherein a second LED driver connector of the plurality of LED driver connectors is electrically coupled to a second end portion of the series-connected LED PCB connectors by a second electrically-conductive trace of the circuit board. 13. A method of assembling an LED light fixture, comprising:
placing a plurality of LED circuit boards including a plurality of LED circuit board connectors on a plurality of support structures, respectively; connecting a plurality of connector circuit board connectors of a connector circuit board to the plurality of LED circuit board connectors, respectively; placing an end housing over the connector circuit board; and affixing the end housing to the plurality of support structures. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein connecting the plurality of LED circuit board connectors to the plurality of connector circuit board connectors includes inserting the plurality of LED circuit board connectors into the plurality of connector circuit board connectors, respectively. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein affixing the end housing to the plurality of support structures includes:
passing a plurality of fasteners through a plurality of apertures in the end housing corresponding to the plurality of support structures; and affixing end portions of the plurality of fasteners to the plurality of support structures, respectively. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of fasteners is a plurality of screws. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein placing an end housing over the connector circuit board includes seating the connector circuit board in the end housing. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of LED circuit board connectors is a plurality of connection pads. | 2,800 |
348,983 | 16,806,543 | 2,875 | A closure flap on a vacuum inlet valve assembly or housing pivots between an open first position and a closed second position. When the closure flap is in the open first position, it is offset from a central longitudinal axis of the vacuum inlet valve housing. When the closure flap is in the closed second position, it intersects the central longitudinal axis. The closure flap has a resilient and compressible protrusion that releasable locks the closure flap in each position. | 1. A vacuum valve assembly comprising:
a vacuum inlet valve housing connected with a conduit defining an open end; a closure flap pivotably connected with the housing configure to move from an open first position to a closed second position to cover and seal the open end; a first surface on the flap that is offset generally parallel to a rear wall of the housing when the closure flap is in the open first position; a second surface on the flap spaced from the first surface; a sidewall extending from the second surface to the first surface; a pull tab on the second surface of the closure flap; a boss on the closure flap for pivoting about a pivot axis for the closure flap to move between the open first position and the closed second position. 2. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the sidewall extending from the second surface to the first surface is a tapered annular sidewall. 3. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the pull tap includes a first end connected to the second surface of the closure flap and the pull tab extends in a cantilevered manner. 4. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the closure flap is formed as a unitary unibody monolithic member. 5. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a protrusion extending from the boss that is compressible during movement of the flap between the open first position and the closed second position adapted to selectively and releasably lock the closure flap in the open first position and the closed second position. 6. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 5, further comprising:
wherein the boss includes a convexly curved outer surface that is shaped complementarily to a concavely curved surface of a receiving area within a portion of the housing. 7. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 6, further comprising:
a concave recess defined in the concavely curved surface having a smaller radius of curvature than that of concave surface, wherein when the closure flap is in the closed second position, the protrusion fits within the concave recess. 8. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the pull tab extends outward from the second surface and includes a first end connected with the second surface and a terminal free end, and the first end is connected with the second surface adjacent a radial outermost edge of the second surface. 9. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the pull tab is oriented in a manner such that a connected first end is positioned more radially outward from a center of the closure flap than a terminal free end. 10. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 9, further comprising:
wherein the terminal free end is spaced slightly above or apart from the second surface; and when the closure flap is in the open first position, the pull tab is positioned closely adjacent a rear wall of the valve assembly. 11. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the open position of the closure flap is associated with being generally upright and vertical and parallel to a back wall of the assembly when the closure flap is opened. 12. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a rear wall of the vacuum inlet valve housing, wherein the pull tab contacts a rear wall of the vacuum inlet valve housing when the closure flap is in the open first position to preclude the second surface of the closure flap from contacting the rear wall. 13. The vacuum valve assembly of the claim 1, further comprising:
a lower end of the conduit defining the open end; wherein the pivot axis is lower than the lower end of the conduit; wherein the pivot axis is rearward from the open end relative to a front opening of the vacuum inlet valve housing. 14. A method for a closure flap on a vacuum inlet valve housing comprising:
removing a vacuum hose from a vacuum inlet valve housing, wherein the housing has central longitudinal axis; pivoting a closure flap about a pivot axis between an open first position and a closed second position; and wherein the closure flap is offset from the central longitudinal axis in the open first position and the closure flap intersect the central longitudinal axis in the closed second position. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
compressing a protrusion on the closure flap when the closure flap is pivoting between the open first position and the closed second position; expanding the protrusion to fit within a recess formed in the vacuum inlet valve housing when the closure flap is in the closed second position to releaseably lock the closure flap in the closed second position. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the protrusion is formed from a resilient material that permits expansion and compression thereof, and wherein the closure flap's weight is insufficient to overcome a rigidity of the resilient material when nested within the recess, further comprising:
imparting a force through physical manipulation to the closure flap that overcomes the rigidity of the resilient material to compress the protrusion while moving between the open first position and the closed second position. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein imparting a force is accomplished by pulling on a pull tab coupled in a cantilevered manner to a major surface on the closure flap. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
positioning, when the closure flap is in the open first position, the protrusion lower than a concave frontal surface on the vacuum inlet valve housing 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
sealing an open end defined by a lower end of a conduit of the vacuum inlet valve housing with a tapered wall on the closure flap. 20. A closure flap for a vacuum inlet valve housing having an open end, the closure flap comprising:
a first major surface and an opposing second major surface, wherein the first major surface is larger than the second major surface, and at least a portion of the first major surface is not parallel to the second major surface; a tapered edge extending between the first major surface and the second major surface at an angle relative to a first axis that perpendicularly intersects the first major surface and the second major surface, and the tapered edge defining a minor surface that extends substantially circumferential around the first major surface and the second major surface; a boss extending outward from the tapered edge having two parallel sidewalls that are orthogonal to the first major surface and the second major surface, and the boss defining an aperture extending between the two parallel sidewalls orthogonal to the first axis; a second axis extending centrally through the aperture, wherein the second axis is offset orthogonal to the first axis, wherein the first major surface and the second major surface are pivot about the second axis between an open position and a closed position; a convex surface on the boss extending between the two parallel sidewalls; a protrusion on the boss, and the protrusion extending radially outward from the convex surface on the boss relative to the second axis, wherein the protrusion is convexly curved and has a radius of curvature less than that of the convex surface on the boss; and a cantilevered pull tab having a first end and a free second end, wherein the first end is connected to first major surface adjacent an outer circumferential edge thereof and wherein the free second end is closer to the first axis than the first end and the free second end is spaced apart from the first major surface. | A closure flap on a vacuum inlet valve assembly or housing pivots between an open first position and a closed second position. When the closure flap is in the open first position, it is offset from a central longitudinal axis of the vacuum inlet valve housing. When the closure flap is in the closed second position, it intersects the central longitudinal axis. The closure flap has a resilient and compressible protrusion that releasable locks the closure flap in each position.1. A vacuum valve assembly comprising:
a vacuum inlet valve housing connected with a conduit defining an open end; a closure flap pivotably connected with the housing configure to move from an open first position to a closed second position to cover and seal the open end; a first surface on the flap that is offset generally parallel to a rear wall of the housing when the closure flap is in the open first position; a second surface on the flap spaced from the first surface; a sidewall extending from the second surface to the first surface; a pull tab on the second surface of the closure flap; a boss on the closure flap for pivoting about a pivot axis for the closure flap to move between the open first position and the closed second position. 2. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the sidewall extending from the second surface to the first surface is a tapered annular sidewall. 3. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the pull tap includes a first end connected to the second surface of the closure flap and the pull tab extends in a cantilevered manner. 4. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the closure flap is formed as a unitary unibody monolithic member. 5. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a protrusion extending from the boss that is compressible during movement of the flap between the open first position and the closed second position adapted to selectively and releasably lock the closure flap in the open first position and the closed second position. 6. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 5, further comprising:
wherein the boss includes a convexly curved outer surface that is shaped complementarily to a concavely curved surface of a receiving area within a portion of the housing. 7. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 6, further comprising:
a concave recess defined in the concavely curved surface having a smaller radius of curvature than that of concave surface, wherein when the closure flap is in the closed second position, the protrusion fits within the concave recess. 8. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the pull tab extends outward from the second surface and includes a first end connected with the second surface and a terminal free end, and the first end is connected with the second surface adjacent a radial outermost edge of the second surface. 9. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the pull tab is oriented in a manner such that a connected first end is positioned more radially outward from a center of the closure flap than a terminal free end. 10. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 9, further comprising:
wherein the terminal free end is spaced slightly above or apart from the second surface; and when the closure flap is in the open first position, the pull tab is positioned closely adjacent a rear wall of the valve assembly. 11. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the open position of the closure flap is associated with being generally upright and vertical and parallel to a back wall of the assembly when the closure flap is opened. 12. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a rear wall of the vacuum inlet valve housing, wherein the pull tab contacts a rear wall of the vacuum inlet valve housing when the closure flap is in the open first position to preclude the second surface of the closure flap from contacting the rear wall. 13. The vacuum valve assembly of the claim 1, further comprising:
a lower end of the conduit defining the open end; wherein the pivot axis is lower than the lower end of the conduit; wherein the pivot axis is rearward from the open end relative to a front opening of the vacuum inlet valve housing. 14. A method for a closure flap on a vacuum inlet valve housing comprising:
removing a vacuum hose from a vacuum inlet valve housing, wherein the housing has central longitudinal axis; pivoting a closure flap about a pivot axis between an open first position and a closed second position; and wherein the closure flap is offset from the central longitudinal axis in the open first position and the closure flap intersect the central longitudinal axis in the closed second position. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
compressing a protrusion on the closure flap when the closure flap is pivoting between the open first position and the closed second position; expanding the protrusion to fit within a recess formed in the vacuum inlet valve housing when the closure flap is in the closed second position to releaseably lock the closure flap in the closed second position. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the protrusion is formed from a resilient material that permits expansion and compression thereof, and wherein the closure flap's weight is insufficient to overcome a rigidity of the resilient material when nested within the recess, further comprising:
imparting a force through physical manipulation to the closure flap that overcomes the rigidity of the resilient material to compress the protrusion while moving between the open first position and the closed second position. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein imparting a force is accomplished by pulling on a pull tab coupled in a cantilevered manner to a major surface on the closure flap. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
positioning, when the closure flap is in the open first position, the protrusion lower than a concave frontal surface on the vacuum inlet valve housing 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
sealing an open end defined by a lower end of a conduit of the vacuum inlet valve housing with a tapered wall on the closure flap. 20. A closure flap for a vacuum inlet valve housing having an open end, the closure flap comprising:
a first major surface and an opposing second major surface, wherein the first major surface is larger than the second major surface, and at least a portion of the first major surface is not parallel to the second major surface; a tapered edge extending between the first major surface and the second major surface at an angle relative to a first axis that perpendicularly intersects the first major surface and the second major surface, and the tapered edge defining a minor surface that extends substantially circumferential around the first major surface and the second major surface; a boss extending outward from the tapered edge having two parallel sidewalls that are orthogonal to the first major surface and the second major surface, and the boss defining an aperture extending between the two parallel sidewalls orthogonal to the first axis; a second axis extending centrally through the aperture, wherein the second axis is offset orthogonal to the first axis, wherein the first major surface and the second major surface are pivot about the second axis between an open position and a closed position; a convex surface on the boss extending between the two parallel sidewalls; a protrusion on the boss, and the protrusion extending radially outward from the convex surface on the boss relative to the second axis, wherein the protrusion is convexly curved and has a radius of curvature less than that of the convex surface on the boss; and a cantilevered pull tab having a first end and a free second end, wherein the first end is connected to first major surface adjacent an outer circumferential edge thereof and wherein the free second end is closer to the first axis than the first end and the free second end is spaced apart from the first major surface. | 2,800 |
348,984 | 16,806,516 | 2,655 | A closure flap on a vacuum inlet valve assembly or housing pivots between an open first position and a closed second position. When the closure flap is in the open first position, it is offset from a central longitudinal axis of the vacuum inlet valve housing. When the closure flap is in the closed second position, it intersects the central longitudinal axis. The closure flap has a resilient and compressible protrusion that releasable locks the closure flap in each position. | 1. A vacuum valve assembly comprising:
a vacuum inlet valve housing connected with a conduit defining an open end; a closure flap pivotably connected with the housing configure to move from an open first position to a closed second position to cover and seal the open end; a first surface on the flap that is offset generally parallel to a rear wall of the housing when the closure flap is in the open first position; a second surface on the flap spaced from the first surface; a sidewall extending from the second surface to the first surface; a pull tab on the second surface of the closure flap; a boss on the closure flap for pivoting about a pivot axis for the closure flap to move between the open first position and the closed second position. 2. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the sidewall extending from the second surface to the first surface is a tapered annular sidewall. 3. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the pull tap includes a first end connected to the second surface of the closure flap and the pull tab extends in a cantilevered manner. 4. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the closure flap is formed as a unitary unibody monolithic member. 5. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a protrusion extending from the boss that is compressible during movement of the flap between the open first position and the closed second position adapted to selectively and releasably lock the closure flap in the open first position and the closed second position. 6. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 5, further comprising:
wherein the boss includes a convexly curved outer surface that is shaped complementarily to a concavely curved surface of a receiving area within a portion of the housing. 7. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 6, further comprising:
a concave recess defined in the concavely curved surface having a smaller radius of curvature than that of concave surface, wherein when the closure flap is in the closed second position, the protrusion fits within the concave recess. 8. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the pull tab extends outward from the second surface and includes a first end connected with the second surface and a terminal free end, and the first end is connected with the second surface adjacent a radial outermost edge of the second surface. 9. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the pull tab is oriented in a manner such that a connected first end is positioned more radially outward from a center of the closure flap than a terminal free end. 10. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 9, further comprising:
wherein the terminal free end is spaced slightly above or apart from the second surface; and when the closure flap is in the open first position, the pull tab is positioned closely adjacent a rear wall of the valve assembly. 11. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the open position of the closure flap is associated with being generally upright and vertical and parallel to a back wall of the assembly when the closure flap is opened. 12. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a rear wall of the vacuum inlet valve housing, wherein the pull tab contacts a rear wall of the vacuum inlet valve housing when the closure flap is in the open first position to preclude the second surface of the closure flap from contacting the rear wall. 13. The vacuum valve assembly of the claim 1, further comprising:
a lower end of the conduit defining the open end; wherein the pivot axis is lower than the lower end of the conduit; wherein the pivot axis is rearward from the open end relative to a front opening of the vacuum inlet valve housing. 14. A method for a closure flap on a vacuum inlet valve housing comprising:
removing a vacuum hose from a vacuum inlet valve housing, wherein the housing has central longitudinal axis; pivoting a closure flap about a pivot axis between an open first position and a closed second position; and wherein the closure flap is offset from the central longitudinal axis in the open first position and the closure flap intersect the central longitudinal axis in the closed second position. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
compressing a protrusion on the closure flap when the closure flap is pivoting between the open first position and the closed second position; expanding the protrusion to fit within a recess formed in the vacuum inlet valve housing when the closure flap is in the closed second position to releaseably lock the closure flap in the closed second position. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the protrusion is formed from a resilient material that permits expansion and compression thereof, and wherein the closure flap's weight is insufficient to overcome a rigidity of the resilient material when nested within the recess, further comprising:
imparting a force through physical manipulation to the closure flap that overcomes the rigidity of the resilient material to compress the protrusion while moving between the open first position and the closed second position. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein imparting a force is accomplished by pulling on a pull tab coupled in a cantilevered manner to a major surface on the closure flap. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
positioning, when the closure flap is in the open first position, the protrusion lower than a concave frontal surface on the vacuum inlet valve housing 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
sealing an open end defined by a lower end of a conduit of the vacuum inlet valve housing with a tapered wall on the closure flap. 20. A closure flap for a vacuum inlet valve housing having an open end, the closure flap comprising:
a first major surface and an opposing second major surface, wherein the first major surface is larger than the second major surface, and at least a portion of the first major surface is not parallel to the second major surface; a tapered edge extending between the first major surface and the second major surface at an angle relative to a first axis that perpendicularly intersects the first major surface and the second major surface, and the tapered edge defining a minor surface that extends substantially circumferential around the first major surface and the second major surface; a boss extending outward from the tapered edge having two parallel sidewalls that are orthogonal to the first major surface and the second major surface, and the boss defining an aperture extending between the two parallel sidewalls orthogonal to the first axis; a second axis extending centrally through the aperture, wherein the second axis is offset orthogonal to the first axis, wherein the first major surface and the second major surface are pivot about the second axis between an open position and a closed position; a convex surface on the boss extending between the two parallel sidewalls; a protrusion on the boss, and the protrusion extending radially outward from the convex surface on the boss relative to the second axis, wherein the protrusion is convexly curved and has a radius of curvature less than that of the convex surface on the boss; and a cantilevered pull tab having a first end and a free second end, wherein the first end is connected to first major surface adjacent an outer circumferential edge thereof and wherein the free second end is closer to the first axis than the first end and the free second end is spaced apart from the first major surface. | A closure flap on a vacuum inlet valve assembly or housing pivots between an open first position and a closed second position. When the closure flap is in the open first position, it is offset from a central longitudinal axis of the vacuum inlet valve housing. When the closure flap is in the closed second position, it intersects the central longitudinal axis. The closure flap has a resilient and compressible protrusion that releasable locks the closure flap in each position.1. A vacuum valve assembly comprising:
a vacuum inlet valve housing connected with a conduit defining an open end; a closure flap pivotably connected with the housing configure to move from an open first position to a closed second position to cover and seal the open end; a first surface on the flap that is offset generally parallel to a rear wall of the housing when the closure flap is in the open first position; a second surface on the flap spaced from the first surface; a sidewall extending from the second surface to the first surface; a pull tab on the second surface of the closure flap; a boss on the closure flap for pivoting about a pivot axis for the closure flap to move between the open first position and the closed second position. 2. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the sidewall extending from the second surface to the first surface is a tapered annular sidewall. 3. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the pull tap includes a first end connected to the second surface of the closure flap and the pull tab extends in a cantilevered manner. 4. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the closure flap is formed as a unitary unibody monolithic member. 5. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a protrusion extending from the boss that is compressible during movement of the flap between the open first position and the closed second position adapted to selectively and releasably lock the closure flap in the open first position and the closed second position. 6. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 5, further comprising:
wherein the boss includes a convexly curved outer surface that is shaped complementarily to a concavely curved surface of a receiving area within a portion of the housing. 7. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 6, further comprising:
a concave recess defined in the concavely curved surface having a smaller radius of curvature than that of concave surface, wherein when the closure flap is in the closed second position, the protrusion fits within the concave recess. 8. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the pull tab extends outward from the second surface and includes a first end connected with the second surface and a terminal free end, and the first end is connected with the second surface adjacent a radial outermost edge of the second surface. 9. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the pull tab is oriented in a manner such that a connected first end is positioned more radially outward from a center of the closure flap than a terminal free end. 10. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 9, further comprising:
wherein the terminal free end is spaced slightly above or apart from the second surface; and when the closure flap is in the open first position, the pull tab is positioned closely adjacent a rear wall of the valve assembly. 11. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
wherein the open position of the closure flap is associated with being generally upright and vertical and parallel to a back wall of the assembly when the closure flap is opened. 12. The vacuum valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a rear wall of the vacuum inlet valve housing, wherein the pull tab contacts a rear wall of the vacuum inlet valve housing when the closure flap is in the open first position to preclude the second surface of the closure flap from contacting the rear wall. 13. The vacuum valve assembly of the claim 1, further comprising:
a lower end of the conduit defining the open end; wherein the pivot axis is lower than the lower end of the conduit; wherein the pivot axis is rearward from the open end relative to a front opening of the vacuum inlet valve housing. 14. A method for a closure flap on a vacuum inlet valve housing comprising:
removing a vacuum hose from a vacuum inlet valve housing, wherein the housing has central longitudinal axis; pivoting a closure flap about a pivot axis between an open first position and a closed second position; and wherein the closure flap is offset from the central longitudinal axis in the open first position and the closure flap intersect the central longitudinal axis in the closed second position. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
compressing a protrusion on the closure flap when the closure flap is pivoting between the open first position and the closed second position; expanding the protrusion to fit within a recess formed in the vacuum inlet valve housing when the closure flap is in the closed second position to releaseably lock the closure flap in the closed second position. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the protrusion is formed from a resilient material that permits expansion and compression thereof, and wherein the closure flap's weight is insufficient to overcome a rigidity of the resilient material when nested within the recess, further comprising:
imparting a force through physical manipulation to the closure flap that overcomes the rigidity of the resilient material to compress the protrusion while moving between the open first position and the closed second position. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein imparting a force is accomplished by pulling on a pull tab coupled in a cantilevered manner to a major surface on the closure flap. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
positioning, when the closure flap is in the open first position, the protrusion lower than a concave frontal surface on the vacuum inlet valve housing 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
sealing an open end defined by a lower end of a conduit of the vacuum inlet valve housing with a tapered wall on the closure flap. 20. A closure flap for a vacuum inlet valve housing having an open end, the closure flap comprising:
a first major surface and an opposing second major surface, wherein the first major surface is larger than the second major surface, and at least a portion of the first major surface is not parallel to the second major surface; a tapered edge extending between the first major surface and the second major surface at an angle relative to a first axis that perpendicularly intersects the first major surface and the second major surface, and the tapered edge defining a minor surface that extends substantially circumferential around the first major surface and the second major surface; a boss extending outward from the tapered edge having two parallel sidewalls that are orthogonal to the first major surface and the second major surface, and the boss defining an aperture extending between the two parallel sidewalls orthogonal to the first axis; a second axis extending centrally through the aperture, wherein the second axis is offset orthogonal to the first axis, wherein the first major surface and the second major surface are pivot about the second axis between an open position and a closed position; a convex surface on the boss extending between the two parallel sidewalls; a protrusion on the boss, and the protrusion extending radially outward from the convex surface on the boss relative to the second axis, wherein the protrusion is convexly curved and has a radius of curvature less than that of the convex surface on the boss; and a cantilevered pull tab having a first end and a free second end, wherein the first end is connected to first major surface adjacent an outer circumferential edge thereof and wherein the free second end is closer to the first axis than the first end and the free second end is spaced apart from the first major surface. | 2,600 |
348,985 | 16,806,529 | 2,655 | A nanoparticle and a method for fabricating the nanoparticle utilize a decomposable material yoke located within permeable organic polymer material shell and separated from the permeable organic polymer material shell by a void space. When the decomposable material yoke comprises a sulfur material and the permeable organic polymer material shell comprises a material permeable to both a sulfur material vapor and a lithium ion within a battery electrolyte the nanoparticle may be used within an electrode for a Li/S battery absent the negative effects of battery electrode materials expansion. | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A method of making a yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle, the method comprising:
providing a sulfur nanoparticle; coating the sulfur nanoparticle with a polymer to produce a core-shell nanoparticle comprising a sulfur core and a polymer shell; and heating the core-shell nanoparticle such that a portion of the sulfur core is removed and the polymer shell is concomitantly vulcanized. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the polymer is an electronically conductive polymer. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the electronically conducting polymer comprises polyaniline. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of coating the sulfur nanoparticle with a polymer comprises polymerizing a monomer in the presence of the sulfur nanoparticle. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the monomer comprises aniline. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of polymerizing comprises contacting the monomer with an oxidant. 26. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of providing a sulfur nanoparticle comprises decomposing thiosulfate anions in the presence of an acid. 27. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of heating the core-shell nanoparticle comprises treating the core shell nanoparticle at approximately 150 to 200° C. 28. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of heating the core-shell nanoparticle comprises treating the core shell nanoparticle for approximately 6 to 18 hours. 29. The method of claim 20, wherein the sulfur core comprises a sulfur material selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, S8, Li2Sn, and other polysulfides. 30. The method of claim 20, wherein the vulcanized polymer shell comprises a permeable, sulfur-functionalized organic polymer shell, and wherein the polymer is cross-linked by sulfide, disulfide, or a combination thereof. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the permeable, sulfur-functionalized organic polymer shell is permeable to vapors, or to ions including lithium ions, or to a combination thereof. 32. The method of claim 20, wherein the sulfur core has a diameter from about 200 to about 300 nanometers, and the polymer shell has a a thickness from about 10 to about 20 nanometers. 33. The method of claim 20, wherein the yolk shell nanoparticle comprises a void space within the vulcanized polymer shell. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the void space is interposed between the sulfur core and the polymer shell. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the void space comprises from about 25 to about 75 percent of a volume enclosed by the polymer shell. 35. A method of making an electrode, the method comprising:
providing a conductive substrate; coating at least a portion of the conductive substrate with a yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle, the yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle comprising a sulfur core and a permeable organic polymer shell surrounding the sulfur core, wherein the polymer of the polymer shell is cross-linked by sulfide, disulfide, or a combination thereof. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the polymer comprises polyaniline. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the sulfur core comprises a sulfur material selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, S8, Li2Sn, and other polysulfides. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the permeable organic polymer shell is permeable to vapors, or to ions including lithium ions, or to a combination thereof. 39. The method of claim 35, wherein the sulfur core has a diameter from about 200 to about 300 nanometers, and the polymer shell has a thickness from about 10 to about 20 nanometers. 40. The method of claim 35, wherein the yolk shell nanoparticle comprises a void space within the vulcanized polymer shell. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the void space comprises from about 25 to about 75 percent of a volume enclosed by the polymer shell. 42. The method of claim 35, further comprising the step of making the yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle, comprising:
providing a sulfur nanoparticle; coating the sulfur nanoparticle with the polymer to produce a core-shell nanoparticle comprising the sulfur core and the polymer shell; and heating the core-shell nanoparticle such that a portion of the sulfur core is removed and the polymer shell is concomitantly vulcanized. 43. A method of making a battery comprising an electrode, comprising:
providing a conductive substrate; coating at least a portion of the conductive substrate with a yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle, the yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle comprising a sulfur core and a permeable organic polymer shell surrounding the sulfur core, wherein the polymer of the polymer shell is cross-linked by sulfide, disulfide, or a combination thereof. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the battery comprises a Li/S battery. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the polymer comprises polyaniline. 46. The method of claim 43, wherein the sulfur core comprises a sulfur material selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, S8, Li2Sn, and other polysulfides. 47. The method of claim 43, wherein the permeable organic polymer shell is permeable to vapors, or to ions including lithium ions, or to a combination thereof. 48. The method of claim 43, wherein the sulfur core has a diameter from about 200 to about 300 nanometers, and the polymer shell has a a thickness from about 10 to about 20 nanometers. 49. The method of claim 43, wherein the yolk shell nanoparticle comprises a void space interposed between the sulfur core and the permeable organic polymer shell surrounding the sulfur core. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the void space comprises from about 25 to about 75 percent of a volume enclosed by the polymer shell. 51. The method of claim 43, further comprising the step of making the yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle, comprising:
providing a sulfur nanoparticle; coating the sulfur nanoparticle with the polymer to produce the core-shell nanoparticle comprising the sulfur core and the polymer shell; and heating the core-shell nanoparticle such that a portion of the sulfur core is removed and the polymer shell is concomitantly vulcanized. 52. The method of claim 43, wherein the battery has a capacity retention after 200 cycles of at least approximately 68% of its initial capacity. 53. The method of claim 43, wherein the battery retains a capacity of at least approximately 765 mAh g−1S at 0.2 C after 200 cycles. 54. The method of claim 43, wherein the battery retains a capacity of at least approximately 628 mAh g−1S at 0.5 C after 200 cycles. | A nanoparticle and a method for fabricating the nanoparticle utilize a decomposable material yoke located within permeable organic polymer material shell and separated from the permeable organic polymer material shell by a void space. When the decomposable material yoke comprises a sulfur material and the permeable organic polymer material shell comprises a material permeable to both a sulfur material vapor and a lithium ion within a battery electrolyte the nanoparticle may be used within an electrode for a Li/S battery absent the negative effects of battery electrode materials expansion.1-19. (canceled) 20. A method of making a yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle, the method comprising:
providing a sulfur nanoparticle; coating the sulfur nanoparticle with a polymer to produce a core-shell nanoparticle comprising a sulfur core and a polymer shell; and heating the core-shell nanoparticle such that a portion of the sulfur core is removed and the polymer shell is concomitantly vulcanized. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the polymer is an electronically conductive polymer. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the electronically conducting polymer comprises polyaniline. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of coating the sulfur nanoparticle with a polymer comprises polymerizing a monomer in the presence of the sulfur nanoparticle. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the monomer comprises aniline. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of polymerizing comprises contacting the monomer with an oxidant. 26. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of providing a sulfur nanoparticle comprises decomposing thiosulfate anions in the presence of an acid. 27. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of heating the core-shell nanoparticle comprises treating the core shell nanoparticle at approximately 150 to 200° C. 28. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of heating the core-shell nanoparticle comprises treating the core shell nanoparticle for approximately 6 to 18 hours. 29. The method of claim 20, wherein the sulfur core comprises a sulfur material selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, S8, Li2Sn, and other polysulfides. 30. The method of claim 20, wherein the vulcanized polymer shell comprises a permeable, sulfur-functionalized organic polymer shell, and wherein the polymer is cross-linked by sulfide, disulfide, or a combination thereof. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the permeable, sulfur-functionalized organic polymer shell is permeable to vapors, or to ions including lithium ions, or to a combination thereof. 32. The method of claim 20, wherein the sulfur core has a diameter from about 200 to about 300 nanometers, and the polymer shell has a a thickness from about 10 to about 20 nanometers. 33. The method of claim 20, wherein the yolk shell nanoparticle comprises a void space within the vulcanized polymer shell. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the void space is interposed between the sulfur core and the polymer shell. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the void space comprises from about 25 to about 75 percent of a volume enclosed by the polymer shell. 35. A method of making an electrode, the method comprising:
providing a conductive substrate; coating at least a portion of the conductive substrate with a yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle, the yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle comprising a sulfur core and a permeable organic polymer shell surrounding the sulfur core, wherein the polymer of the polymer shell is cross-linked by sulfide, disulfide, or a combination thereof. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the polymer comprises polyaniline. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the sulfur core comprises a sulfur material selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, S8, Li2Sn, and other polysulfides. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein the permeable organic polymer shell is permeable to vapors, or to ions including lithium ions, or to a combination thereof. 39. The method of claim 35, wherein the sulfur core has a diameter from about 200 to about 300 nanometers, and the polymer shell has a thickness from about 10 to about 20 nanometers. 40. The method of claim 35, wherein the yolk shell nanoparticle comprises a void space within the vulcanized polymer shell. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the void space comprises from about 25 to about 75 percent of a volume enclosed by the polymer shell. 42. The method of claim 35, further comprising the step of making the yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle, comprising:
providing a sulfur nanoparticle; coating the sulfur nanoparticle with the polymer to produce a core-shell nanoparticle comprising the sulfur core and the polymer shell; and heating the core-shell nanoparticle such that a portion of the sulfur core is removed and the polymer shell is concomitantly vulcanized. 43. A method of making a battery comprising an electrode, comprising:
providing a conductive substrate; coating at least a portion of the conductive substrate with a yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle, the yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle comprising a sulfur core and a permeable organic polymer shell surrounding the sulfur core, wherein the polymer of the polymer shell is cross-linked by sulfide, disulfide, or a combination thereof. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the battery comprises a Li/S battery. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the polymer comprises polyaniline. 46. The method of claim 43, wherein the sulfur core comprises a sulfur material selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, S8, Li2Sn, and other polysulfides. 47. The method of claim 43, wherein the permeable organic polymer shell is permeable to vapors, or to ions including lithium ions, or to a combination thereof. 48. The method of claim 43, wherein the sulfur core has a diameter from about 200 to about 300 nanometers, and the polymer shell has a a thickness from about 10 to about 20 nanometers. 49. The method of claim 43, wherein the yolk shell nanoparticle comprises a void space interposed between the sulfur core and the permeable organic polymer shell surrounding the sulfur core. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the void space comprises from about 25 to about 75 percent of a volume enclosed by the polymer shell. 51. The method of claim 43, further comprising the step of making the yolk shell sulfur nanoparticle, comprising:
providing a sulfur nanoparticle; coating the sulfur nanoparticle with the polymer to produce the core-shell nanoparticle comprising the sulfur core and the polymer shell; and heating the core-shell nanoparticle such that a portion of the sulfur core is removed and the polymer shell is concomitantly vulcanized. 52. The method of claim 43, wherein the battery has a capacity retention after 200 cycles of at least approximately 68% of its initial capacity. 53. The method of claim 43, wherein the battery retains a capacity of at least approximately 765 mAh g−1S at 0.2 C after 200 cycles. 54. The method of claim 43, wherein the battery retains a capacity of at least approximately 628 mAh g−1S at 0.5 C after 200 cycles. | 2,600 |
348,986 | 16,806,528 | 2,655 | A power train device of a vehicle includes an engine and an automatic transmission. The automatic transmission is configured such that in a neutral state, multiple ones of multiple rotary elements forming a power transmission path other than a rotary element coupled to an input member and a rotary element coupled to an output member are in a non-restraining state. The multiple ones of the multiple rotary elements include a rotary element of a predetermined brake among multiple friction fastening elements, and the predetermined brake is fastened before a fuel supply upon an engine start. | 1. A power train device of a vehicle, comprising:
an engine; and an automatic transmission including multiple planetary gear mechanisms and multiple friction fastening elements and forming a power transmission path for transmitting power from the engine to a drive wheel, wherein the automatic transmission is configured such that in a neutral state, multiple ones of multiple rotary elements forming the power transmission path other than a rotary element coupled to an input member and a rotary element coupled to an output member are in a non-restraining state, the multiple ones of the multiple rotary elements include a rotary element of a predetermined brake among the multiple friction fastening elements, and the predetermined brake is fastened before a fuel supply upon an engine start. 2. The power train device according to claim 1, wherein
a clutch to be fastened upon a non-supply of hydraulic pressure and released upon a supply of the hydraulic pressure is provided between the engine and the automatic transmission, and the clutch is fastened upon the engine start. 3. The power train device according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined brake is fastened by an electric oil pump before the fuel supply upon the engine start. 4. The power train device according to claim 3, wherein
the predetermined brake is fastened before the fuel supply upon the engine start, and is fastened after the engine start. 5. The power train device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a motor configured to rotate the engine and drive the drive wheel, wherein the motor is provided between the engine and the automatic transmission, the clutch to be fastened upon the non-supply of the hydraulic pressure and released upon the supply of the hydraulic pressure and a one-way clutch configured to transmit power only to the motor are provided in parallel between the engine and the motor, and the power train device of the vehicle is a power train device of a hybrid vehicle configured such that a drive wheel is driven by at least one of an engine or a motor. 6. The power train device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a motor configured to rotate the engine, wherein upon the engine start, the engine is started after the motor increases an engine speed to a predetermined cranking rotation speed as higher rotation than a predetermined resonant rotation speed with which a drive system from the engine to the drive wheel resonates and lower rotation than a predetermined idling rotation speed. | A power train device of a vehicle includes an engine and an automatic transmission. The automatic transmission is configured such that in a neutral state, multiple ones of multiple rotary elements forming a power transmission path other than a rotary element coupled to an input member and a rotary element coupled to an output member are in a non-restraining state. The multiple ones of the multiple rotary elements include a rotary element of a predetermined brake among multiple friction fastening elements, and the predetermined brake is fastened before a fuel supply upon an engine start.1. A power train device of a vehicle, comprising:
an engine; and an automatic transmission including multiple planetary gear mechanisms and multiple friction fastening elements and forming a power transmission path for transmitting power from the engine to a drive wheel, wherein the automatic transmission is configured such that in a neutral state, multiple ones of multiple rotary elements forming the power transmission path other than a rotary element coupled to an input member and a rotary element coupled to an output member are in a non-restraining state, the multiple ones of the multiple rotary elements include a rotary element of a predetermined brake among the multiple friction fastening elements, and the predetermined brake is fastened before a fuel supply upon an engine start. 2. The power train device according to claim 1, wherein
a clutch to be fastened upon a non-supply of hydraulic pressure and released upon a supply of the hydraulic pressure is provided between the engine and the automatic transmission, and the clutch is fastened upon the engine start. 3. The power train device according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined brake is fastened by an electric oil pump before the fuel supply upon the engine start. 4. The power train device according to claim 3, wherein
the predetermined brake is fastened before the fuel supply upon the engine start, and is fastened after the engine start. 5. The power train device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a motor configured to rotate the engine and drive the drive wheel, wherein the motor is provided between the engine and the automatic transmission, the clutch to be fastened upon the non-supply of the hydraulic pressure and released upon the supply of the hydraulic pressure and a one-way clutch configured to transmit power only to the motor are provided in parallel between the engine and the motor, and the power train device of the vehicle is a power train device of a hybrid vehicle configured such that a drive wheel is driven by at least one of an engine or a motor. 6. The power train device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a motor configured to rotate the engine, wherein upon the engine start, the engine is started after the motor increases an engine speed to a predetermined cranking rotation speed as higher rotation than a predetermined resonant rotation speed with which a drive system from the engine to the drive wheel resonates and lower rotation than a predetermined idling rotation speed. | 2,600 |
348,987 | 16,806,525 | 2,655 | A data statistics method and an apparatus thereof, the method comprises: receiving, by a first processor of the cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from the statistical data party; determining, by the first processor, an identifier intersection according to data identifiers corresponding to pieces of second data of the cooperative data party and the received data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data; performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values; and sending, by the first processor, the encrypted statistical values to a second processor of the statistical data party to enable the second processor to perform decryption on the encrypted statistical values and obtain the statistical values. | 1. A data statistics method, comprising:
combining data of a cooperative data party and a statistical data party, wherein the statistical data party has a plurality of pieces of first data for calculating statistical values, the plurality of pieces of first data respectively corresponds to data identifiers, and the cooperative data party has a plurality of pieces of second data corresponding to the data identifiers, and wherein the combining data of a cooperative data party and a statistical data party comprises:
receiving, by a first processor of the cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from the statistical data party;
determining, by the first processor, an identifier intersection according to data identifiers corresponding to pieces of second data of the cooperative data party and the received data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data;
performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values; and
sending, by the first processor, the encrypted statistical values to a second processor of the statistical data party to enable the second processor to perform decryption on the encrypted statistical values and obtain the statistical values. 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the receiving, by a first processor of the cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from the statistical data party comprises receiving first processing identifiers from the statistical data party; and wherein after the receiving the first processing identifiers from the statistical data party, the method further comprises operations performed by the first processor:
generating counterpart private keys according to a key exchange protocol;
generating first key processing identifiers by performing counterpart private key processing on the first processing identifiers using the counterpart private keys; and
storing correlations between the first key processing identifiers and encrypted data thereof. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising operations performed by the first processor:
performing the counterpart private key processing on the data identifiers respectively corresponding to the pieces of second data for the data statistics using the counterpart private keys to obtain second processing identifiers, and sending the second processing identifiers to the statistical data party; receiving second key processing identifiers returned by the statistical data party; and determining the identifier intersection between the first key processing identifiers and the second key processing identifiers. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when the statistical values comprise sums of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing a summation statistical calculation on the encrypted data; and when the statistical values comprise average values of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing an average value calculation on the encrypted data. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the encrypted statistical values is encrypted with homomorphic encryption, and the method further comprises operations performed by the second processor of the statistical data party:
respectively performing the homomorphic encryption on the pieces of first data for the data statistics to obtain the encrypted data; sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party; receiving the encrypted statistical values from the cooperative data party; and performing homomorphic decryption on the encrypted statistical values to obtain the statistical values. 6. The method according to claim 5,
wherein the sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party comprises the operations performed by the second processor: generating private keys according to the key exchange protocol; performing private key processing on the data identifiers using the private keys to generate the first processing identifiers; sending the first processing identifiers to the cooperative data party; receiving the second processing identifiers from the cooperative data party; performing the private key processing on the received second processing identifiers to generate the second key processing identifiers; and sending the second key processing identifiers to the cooperative data party. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising operations performed by the second processor: obtaining the pieces of first data for the data statistics according to predetermined data filtering conditions. 8. A data statistics apparatus, comprising a memory, at least one processor, and computer instructions stored in the memory and executable by the at least one processor, to cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a first processor of a cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from a statistical data party, wherein the at least one processor includes the first processor and a second processor of the statistical data party; determining, by the first processor, an identifier intersection according to data identifiers corresponding to pieces of second data of the cooperative data party and the received data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data; performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values; and sending, by the first processor, the encrypted statistical values to the second processor of the statistical data party to enable the second processor to perform decryption on the encrypted statistical values and obtain the statistical values. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein the receiving, by a first processor of the cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from the statistical data party comprises receiving first processing identifiers from the statistical data party; and wherein after the receiving the first processing identifiers from the statistical data party, the operations further comprise operations performed by the first processor:
generating counterpart private keys according to a key exchange protocol;
generating first key processing identifiers by performing counterpart private key processing on the first processing identifiers using the counterpart private keys; and
storing correlations between the first key processing identifiers and encrypted data thereof. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise operations performed by the first processor:
performing the counterpart private key processing on the data identifiers respectively corresponding to the pieces of second data for the data statistics using the counterpart private keys to obtain second processing identifiers, and sending the second processing identifiers to the statistical data party; receiving second key processing identifiers returned by the statistical data party; and determining the identifier intersection between the first key processing identifiers and the second key processing identifiers. 11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
when the statistical values comprise sums of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing a summation statistical calculation on the encrypted data; and when the statistical values comprise average values of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing an average value calculation on the encrypted data. 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the encrypted statistical values is encrypted with homomorphic encryption, and the operations further comprise operations performed by the second processor:
respectively performing the homomorphic encryption on the pieces of first data for the data statistics to obtain the encrypted data; sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party; receiving the encrypted statistical values from the cooperative data party; and performing homomorphic decryption on the encrypted statistical values to obtain the statistical values. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party comprises operations performed by the second processor: generating private keys according to the key exchange protocol; performing private key processing on the data identifiers using the private keys to generate the first processing identifiers; sending the first processing identifiers to the cooperative data party; receiving the second processing identifiers from the cooperative data party; performing the private key processing on the received second processing identifiers to generate the second key processing identifiers; and sending the second key processing identifiers to the cooperative data party. 14. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise operations performed by the second processor:
obtaining the pieces of first data for the data statistics according to predetermined data filtering conditions. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising at least a computer instructions stored in a memory and executed by at least one processor, to cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a first processor of a cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from a statistical data party, wherein the at least one processor includes the first processor and a second processor of the statistical data party; determining, by the first processor, an identifier intersection according to data identifiers corresponding to pieces of second data of the cooperative data party and the received data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data; performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values; and sending, by the first processor, the encrypted statistical values to the second processor of the statistical data party to enable the second processor to perform decryption on the encrypted statistical values and obtain the statistical values. 16. The medium according to claim 15,
wherein the receiving, by a first processor of the cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from the statistical data party comprises receiving first processing identifiers from the statistical data party; and wherein after the receiving the first processing identifiers from the statistical data party, the operations further comprise operations performed by the first processor:
generating counterpart private keys according to a key exchange protocol;
generating first key processing identifiers by performing counterpart private key processing on the first processing identifiers using the counterpart private keys; and
storing correlations between the first key processing identifiers and encrypted data thereof; and
wherein the operations further comprise operations performed by the first processor:
performing the counterpart private key processing on the data identifiers respectively corresponding to the pieces of second data for the data statistics using the counterpart private keys to obtain second processing identifiers, and sending the second processing identifiers to the statistical data party;
receiving second key processing identifiers returned by the statistical data party; and
determining the identifier intersection between the first key processing identifiers and the second key processing identifiers. 17. The medium according to claim 15,
when the statistical values comprise sums of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing a summation statistical calculation on the encrypted data; and when the statistical values comprise average values of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing an average value calculation on the encrypted data. 18. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the encrypted statistical values is encrypted with homomorphic encryption, and the operations further comprise operations performed by the second processor:
respectively performing the homomorphic encryption on the pieces of first data for the data statistics to obtain the encrypted data; sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party; receiving the encrypted statistical values from the cooperative data party; and performing homomorphic decryption on the encrypted statistical values to obtain the statistical values. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18,
wherein the sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party comprises operations performed by the second processor: generating private keys according to the key exchange protocol; performing private key processing on the data identifiers using the private keys to generate the first processing identifiers; sending the first processing identifiers to the cooperative data party; receiving the second processing identifiers from the cooperative data party; performing the private key processing on the received second processing identifiers to generate the second key processing identifiers; and sending the second key processing identifiers to the cooperative data party. 20. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise operations performed by the second processor including:
obtaining the pieces of first data for the data statistics according to predetermined data filtering conditions. | A data statistics method and an apparatus thereof, the method comprises: receiving, by a first processor of the cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from the statistical data party; determining, by the first processor, an identifier intersection according to data identifiers corresponding to pieces of second data of the cooperative data party and the received data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data; performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values; and sending, by the first processor, the encrypted statistical values to a second processor of the statistical data party to enable the second processor to perform decryption on the encrypted statistical values and obtain the statistical values.1. A data statistics method, comprising:
combining data of a cooperative data party and a statistical data party, wherein the statistical data party has a plurality of pieces of first data for calculating statistical values, the plurality of pieces of first data respectively corresponds to data identifiers, and the cooperative data party has a plurality of pieces of second data corresponding to the data identifiers, and wherein the combining data of a cooperative data party and a statistical data party comprises:
receiving, by a first processor of the cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from the statistical data party;
determining, by the first processor, an identifier intersection according to data identifiers corresponding to pieces of second data of the cooperative data party and the received data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data;
performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values; and
sending, by the first processor, the encrypted statistical values to a second processor of the statistical data party to enable the second processor to perform decryption on the encrypted statistical values and obtain the statistical values. 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the receiving, by a first processor of the cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from the statistical data party comprises receiving first processing identifiers from the statistical data party; and wherein after the receiving the first processing identifiers from the statistical data party, the method further comprises operations performed by the first processor:
generating counterpart private keys according to a key exchange protocol;
generating first key processing identifiers by performing counterpart private key processing on the first processing identifiers using the counterpart private keys; and
storing correlations between the first key processing identifiers and encrypted data thereof. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising operations performed by the first processor:
performing the counterpart private key processing on the data identifiers respectively corresponding to the pieces of second data for the data statistics using the counterpart private keys to obtain second processing identifiers, and sending the second processing identifiers to the statistical data party; receiving second key processing identifiers returned by the statistical data party; and determining the identifier intersection between the first key processing identifiers and the second key processing identifiers. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when the statistical values comprise sums of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing a summation statistical calculation on the encrypted data; and when the statistical values comprise average values of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing an average value calculation on the encrypted data. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the encrypted statistical values is encrypted with homomorphic encryption, and the method further comprises operations performed by the second processor of the statistical data party:
respectively performing the homomorphic encryption on the pieces of first data for the data statistics to obtain the encrypted data; sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party; receiving the encrypted statistical values from the cooperative data party; and performing homomorphic decryption on the encrypted statistical values to obtain the statistical values. 6. The method according to claim 5,
wherein the sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party comprises the operations performed by the second processor: generating private keys according to the key exchange protocol; performing private key processing on the data identifiers using the private keys to generate the first processing identifiers; sending the first processing identifiers to the cooperative data party; receiving the second processing identifiers from the cooperative data party; performing the private key processing on the received second processing identifiers to generate the second key processing identifiers; and sending the second key processing identifiers to the cooperative data party. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising operations performed by the second processor: obtaining the pieces of first data for the data statistics according to predetermined data filtering conditions. 8. A data statistics apparatus, comprising a memory, at least one processor, and computer instructions stored in the memory and executable by the at least one processor, to cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a first processor of a cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from a statistical data party, wherein the at least one processor includes the first processor and a second processor of the statistical data party; determining, by the first processor, an identifier intersection according to data identifiers corresponding to pieces of second data of the cooperative data party and the received data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data; performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values; and sending, by the first processor, the encrypted statistical values to the second processor of the statistical data party to enable the second processor to perform decryption on the encrypted statistical values and obtain the statistical values. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein the receiving, by a first processor of the cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from the statistical data party comprises receiving first processing identifiers from the statistical data party; and wherein after the receiving the first processing identifiers from the statistical data party, the operations further comprise operations performed by the first processor:
generating counterpart private keys according to a key exchange protocol;
generating first key processing identifiers by performing counterpart private key processing on the first processing identifiers using the counterpart private keys; and
storing correlations between the first key processing identifiers and encrypted data thereof. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise operations performed by the first processor:
performing the counterpart private key processing on the data identifiers respectively corresponding to the pieces of second data for the data statistics using the counterpart private keys to obtain second processing identifiers, and sending the second processing identifiers to the statistical data party; receiving second key processing identifiers returned by the statistical data party; and determining the identifier intersection between the first key processing identifiers and the second key processing identifiers. 11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
when the statistical values comprise sums of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing a summation statistical calculation on the encrypted data; and when the statistical values comprise average values of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing an average value calculation on the encrypted data. 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the encrypted statistical values is encrypted with homomorphic encryption, and the operations further comprise operations performed by the second processor:
respectively performing the homomorphic encryption on the pieces of first data for the data statistics to obtain the encrypted data; sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party; receiving the encrypted statistical values from the cooperative data party; and performing homomorphic decryption on the encrypted statistical values to obtain the statistical values. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party comprises operations performed by the second processor: generating private keys according to the key exchange protocol; performing private key processing on the data identifiers using the private keys to generate the first processing identifiers; sending the first processing identifiers to the cooperative data party; receiving the second processing identifiers from the cooperative data party; performing the private key processing on the received second processing identifiers to generate the second key processing identifiers; and sending the second key processing identifiers to the cooperative data party. 14. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise operations performed by the second processor:
obtaining the pieces of first data for the data statistics according to predetermined data filtering conditions. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising at least a computer instructions stored in a memory and executed by at least one processor, to cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a first processor of a cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from a statistical data party, wherein the at least one processor includes the first processor and a second processor of the statistical data party; determining, by the first processor, an identifier intersection according to data identifiers corresponding to pieces of second data of the cooperative data party and the received data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data; performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values; and sending, by the first processor, the encrypted statistical values to the second processor of the statistical data party to enable the second processor to perform decryption on the encrypted statistical values and obtain the statistical values. 16. The medium according to claim 15,
wherein the receiving, by a first processor of the cooperative data party, data identifiers corresponding to pieces of first data for the data statistics and corresponding encrypted data from the statistical data party comprises receiving first processing identifiers from the statistical data party; and wherein after the receiving the first processing identifiers from the statistical data party, the operations further comprise operations performed by the first processor:
generating counterpart private keys according to a key exchange protocol;
generating first key processing identifiers by performing counterpart private key processing on the first processing identifiers using the counterpart private keys; and
storing correlations between the first key processing identifiers and encrypted data thereof; and
wherein the operations further comprise operations performed by the first processor:
performing the counterpart private key processing on the data identifiers respectively corresponding to the pieces of second data for the data statistics using the counterpart private keys to obtain second processing identifiers, and sending the second processing identifiers to the statistical data party;
receiving second key processing identifiers returned by the statistical data party; and
determining the identifier intersection between the first key processing identifiers and the second key processing identifiers. 17. The medium according to claim 15,
when the statistical values comprise sums of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing a summation statistical calculation on the encrypted data; and when the statistical values comprise average values of the plurality of pieces of first data, the performing, by the first processor, statistical processing on encrypted data corresponding to the common data identifiers in the identifier intersection to obtain encrypted statistical values comprises performing an average value calculation on the encrypted data. 18. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the encrypted statistical values is encrypted with homomorphic encryption, and the operations further comprise operations performed by the second processor:
respectively performing the homomorphic encryption on the pieces of first data for the data statistics to obtain the encrypted data; sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party; receiving the encrypted statistical values from the cooperative data party; and performing homomorphic decryption on the encrypted statistical values to obtain the statistical values. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18,
wherein the sending the data identifiers corresponding to the pieces of first data and the corresponding encrypted data to the cooperative data party comprises operations performed by the second processor: generating private keys according to the key exchange protocol; performing private key processing on the data identifiers using the private keys to generate the first processing identifiers; sending the first processing identifiers to the cooperative data party; receiving the second processing identifiers from the cooperative data party; performing the private key processing on the received second processing identifiers to generate the second key processing identifiers; and sending the second key processing identifiers to the cooperative data party. 20. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise operations performed by the second processor including:
obtaining the pieces of first data for the data statistics according to predetermined data filtering conditions. | 2,600 |
348,988 | 16,806,531 | 2,655 | Systems and methods are provided for detecting a signal to configure a user device. Data associated with a user interaction can be received, where the data include input that was received from the user at a first device. A signal can be recognized based on the received data about the user. A second device can be configured to interact with the user based on the recognized signal, the interacting including an audio interaction or a visual interaction. A software function that implements an action item can be executed, where the execution of the software function is based on second input from the user received at the second device. | 1. A method for detecting a signal to configure a user device, wherein the method comprises:
receiving data associated with a user interaction, wherein the data comprises input that was received from the user at a first device; recognizing a signal based on the received data about the user; configuring a second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal, the interacting comprising an audio interaction or a visual interaction; and executing a software function that implements an action item, wherein the execution of the software function is based on second input from the user received at the second device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device and second device are communicatively coupled with a server that configures the second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first device comprises a smart phone or tablet and the second device comprises a smart speaker. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the audio interaction comprises audio output from a speaker and audio input from a microphone, or the visual interaction comprises display of a user interface configured based on the recognized signal and user input received on the user interface or audio input received at a microphone. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the received data associated with the user interaction comprises a real-time stream of user data and the recognized signal is recognized within the real-time stream of user data. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the real-time stream of user data comprises a real-time stream of web data based on the user's interactions with a web browser. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the recognized signal comprises a dwell time on a webpage that meets a criteria. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the configuring of the second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal occurs in real-time while the user is interacting with the web browser. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the executed software function that implements the action item achieves one or more of adding an item to a shopping cart, executing a database batch process, initiating a return or exchange of an item, and tracking the status of a shipment or order. 10. A system for detecting a signal to configure a user device, the system comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing instructions for execution by the processor, the instructions configuring the processor to: receive data associated with a user interaction, wherein the data comprises input that was received from the user at a first device; recognize a signal based on the received data about the user; configure a second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal, the interacting comprising an audio interaction or a visual interaction; and execute a software function that implements an action item, wherein the execution of the software function is based on second input from the user received at the second device. 11. The system of claim 12, wherein the first device and second device are communicatively coupled with a server that configures the second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first device comprises a smart phone or tablet and the second device comprises a smart speaker. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the audio interaction comprises audio output from a speaker and audio input from a microphone, or the visual interaction comprises display of a user interface configured based on the recognized signal and user input received on the user interface or audio input received at a microphone. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the received data associated with the user interaction comprises a real-time stream of user data and the recognized signal is recognized within the real-time stream of user data. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the real-time stream of user data comprises a real-time stream of web data based on the user's interactions with a web browser. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the recognized signal comprises a dwell time on a webpage that meets a criteria. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the configuring of the second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal occurs in real-time while the user is interacting with the web browser. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the executed software function that implements the action item achieves one or more of adding an item to a shopping cart, executing a database batch process, initiating a return or exchange of an item, and tracking the status of a shipment or order. 19. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to detect a signal to configure a user device, wherein, when executed, the instructions cause the processor to:
receive data associated with a user interaction, wherein the data comprises input that was received from the user at a first device; recognize a signal based on the received data about the user; configure a second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal, the interacting comprising an audio interaction or a visual interaction; and execute a software function that implements an action item, wherein the execution of the software function is based on second input from the user received at the second device. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the first device and second device are communicatively coupled with a server that configures the second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal | Systems and methods are provided for detecting a signal to configure a user device. Data associated with a user interaction can be received, where the data include input that was received from the user at a first device. A signal can be recognized based on the received data about the user. A second device can be configured to interact with the user based on the recognized signal, the interacting including an audio interaction or a visual interaction. A software function that implements an action item can be executed, where the execution of the software function is based on second input from the user received at the second device.1. A method for detecting a signal to configure a user device, wherein the method comprises:
receiving data associated with a user interaction, wherein the data comprises input that was received from the user at a first device; recognizing a signal based on the received data about the user; configuring a second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal, the interacting comprising an audio interaction or a visual interaction; and executing a software function that implements an action item, wherein the execution of the software function is based on second input from the user received at the second device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device and second device are communicatively coupled with a server that configures the second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first device comprises a smart phone or tablet and the second device comprises a smart speaker. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the audio interaction comprises audio output from a speaker and audio input from a microphone, or the visual interaction comprises display of a user interface configured based on the recognized signal and user input received on the user interface or audio input received at a microphone. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the received data associated with the user interaction comprises a real-time stream of user data and the recognized signal is recognized within the real-time stream of user data. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the real-time stream of user data comprises a real-time stream of web data based on the user's interactions with a web browser. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the recognized signal comprises a dwell time on a webpage that meets a criteria. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the configuring of the second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal occurs in real-time while the user is interacting with the web browser. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the executed software function that implements the action item achieves one or more of adding an item to a shopping cart, executing a database batch process, initiating a return or exchange of an item, and tracking the status of a shipment or order. 10. A system for detecting a signal to configure a user device, the system comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing instructions for execution by the processor, the instructions configuring the processor to: receive data associated with a user interaction, wherein the data comprises input that was received from the user at a first device; recognize a signal based on the received data about the user; configure a second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal, the interacting comprising an audio interaction or a visual interaction; and execute a software function that implements an action item, wherein the execution of the software function is based on second input from the user received at the second device. 11. The system of claim 12, wherein the first device and second device are communicatively coupled with a server that configures the second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first device comprises a smart phone or tablet and the second device comprises a smart speaker. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the audio interaction comprises audio output from a speaker and audio input from a microphone, or the visual interaction comprises display of a user interface configured based on the recognized signal and user input received on the user interface or audio input received at a microphone. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the received data associated with the user interaction comprises a real-time stream of user data and the recognized signal is recognized within the real-time stream of user data. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the real-time stream of user data comprises a real-time stream of web data based on the user's interactions with a web browser. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the recognized signal comprises a dwell time on a webpage that meets a criteria. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the configuring of the second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal occurs in real-time while the user is interacting with the web browser. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the executed software function that implements the action item achieves one or more of adding an item to a shopping cart, executing a database batch process, initiating a return or exchange of an item, and tracking the status of a shipment or order. 19. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to detect a signal to configure a user device, wherein, when executed, the instructions cause the processor to:
receive data associated with a user interaction, wherein the data comprises input that was received from the user at a first device; recognize a signal based on the received data about the user; configure a second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal, the interacting comprising an audio interaction or a visual interaction; and execute a software function that implements an action item, wherein the execution of the software function is based on second input from the user received at the second device. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the first device and second device are communicatively coupled with a server that configures the second device to interact with the user based on the recognized signal | 2,600 |
348,989 | 16,806,530 | 2,655 | A positioning device (101) for producing a position signal indicative of a rotational position of a resolver is presented. The positioning device comprises a signal interface (102) for receiving alternating signals (V_cos, V_sin) from the resolver and a processing system (103) for generating the position signal based on position-dependent amplitudes of the alternating signals and on polarity information indicative of a polarity of an excitation signal (V_exc) of the resolver. The processing system is configured to recognize a polarity indicator, such as a change of frequency or phase, on a waveform of one or both of the alternating signals and to determine the polarity information based on the recognized polarity indicator. Thus, the polarity information related to the excitation signal is included in the alternating signals and therefore there is no need for a separate signaling channel for transferring the polarity information to the positioning device. | 1. A positioning device for producing a position signal indicative of a rotational position of a resolver, the positioning device comprising:
a signal interface for receiving a first alternating signal (V_cos) and a second alternating signal (V_sin), amplitudes of the first and second alternating signals being dependent on the rotational position of the resolver so that envelopes of the first and second alternating signals have a mutual phase shift, and a processing system for generating the position signal based on the amplitudes of the first and second alternating signals and on polarity information indicative of a polarity of an excitation signal of the resolver, wherein the processing system is configured to: recognize a polarity indicator on a waveform of at least the first alternating signal, and determine the polarity information based on the recognized polarity indicator. 2. The positioning device according to claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to recognize a change of phase or a change of frequency of the first alternating signal and to determine the polarity information based on the recognized change of phase or the recognized change of frequency. 3. The positioning device according to claim 2, wherein the processing system is configured to constitute a zero-crossing detector for recognizing zero-crossings of the waveform of the first alternating signal to recognize the change of phase or the change of frequency. 4. The positioning device according to claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to compare the waveform of the first alternating signal to a predetermined waveform pattern and, in response to a match between the waveform of the first alternating signal and the predetermined waveform pattern, to determine the polarity information based on a part of the first alternating signal matching the predetermined waveform pattern. 5. The positioning device according to claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to recognize the polarity indicator on both the waveform of the first alternating signal and a waveform of the second alternating signal. 6. An excitation device for producing an excitation signal (V_exc) for a resolver, the excitation device comprising:
a signal generator for generating the excitation signal, and a signal interface for transmitting the excitation signal to the resolver, wherein the excitation device further comprises a modulator for modulating a waveform of the excitation signal to contain a polarity indicator expressing a polarity of the excitation signal when the polarity indicator is detected on a signal being the excitation signal multiplied with a gain having an unknown sign. 7. The excitation device according to claim 6, wherein the modulator is configured to modulate the waveform of the excitation signal to contain a change of phase or a change of frequency representing the polarity indicator so that the excitation signal has a predetermined polarity at a moment of occurrence of the change of phase or the change of frequency. 8. The excitation device according to claim 6, wherein the modulator is configured to modulate amplitude of the excitation signal so that the waveform of the excitation signal contains a predetermined waveform pattern representing the polarity indicator. 9. A converter for controlling voltages of a winding system of an electric machine, the converter comprising:
an excitation device according to claim 6 for producing an excitation signal for a resolver connected to a rotor of the electric machine, and a processing system for generating a position signal indicative of a rotational position of the resolver based on polarity information indicative of a polarity of the excitation signal and on amplitudes of alternating signals produced by the resolver. 10. The converter for controlling voltages of a winding system of an electric machine, the converter comprising a positioning device according to claim 1 for producing a position signal indicative of a rotational position of a resolver connected to a rotor of the electric machine. 11. The converter according to claim 10, wherein the converter further comprises an excitation device for producing an excitation signal for the resolver. 12. The converter according to claim 9, wherein the converter is a frequency converter. 13. A method comprising:
receiving a first alternative signal and a second alternative signal from a resolver, amplitudes of the first and second alternative signals being dependent on a rotational position of the resolver so that envelopes of the first and second alternative signals have a mutual phase shift, and generating a position signal indicative of the rotational position of the resolver based on the amplitudes of the first and second alternating signals and on polarity information indicative of a polarity of an excitation signal of the resolver, wherein the method comprises: recognizing a polarity indicator on a waveform of at least the first alternating signal, and determining the polarity information based on the recognized polarity indicator. | A positioning device (101) for producing a position signal indicative of a rotational position of a resolver is presented. The positioning device comprises a signal interface (102) for receiving alternating signals (V_cos, V_sin) from the resolver and a processing system (103) for generating the position signal based on position-dependent amplitudes of the alternating signals and on polarity information indicative of a polarity of an excitation signal (V_exc) of the resolver. The processing system is configured to recognize a polarity indicator, such as a change of frequency or phase, on a waveform of one or both of the alternating signals and to determine the polarity information based on the recognized polarity indicator. Thus, the polarity information related to the excitation signal is included in the alternating signals and therefore there is no need for a separate signaling channel for transferring the polarity information to the positioning device.1. A positioning device for producing a position signal indicative of a rotational position of a resolver, the positioning device comprising:
a signal interface for receiving a first alternating signal (V_cos) and a second alternating signal (V_sin), amplitudes of the first and second alternating signals being dependent on the rotational position of the resolver so that envelopes of the first and second alternating signals have a mutual phase shift, and a processing system for generating the position signal based on the amplitudes of the first and second alternating signals and on polarity information indicative of a polarity of an excitation signal of the resolver, wherein the processing system is configured to: recognize a polarity indicator on a waveform of at least the first alternating signal, and determine the polarity information based on the recognized polarity indicator. 2. The positioning device according to claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to recognize a change of phase or a change of frequency of the first alternating signal and to determine the polarity information based on the recognized change of phase or the recognized change of frequency. 3. The positioning device according to claim 2, wherein the processing system is configured to constitute a zero-crossing detector for recognizing zero-crossings of the waveform of the first alternating signal to recognize the change of phase or the change of frequency. 4. The positioning device according to claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to compare the waveform of the first alternating signal to a predetermined waveform pattern and, in response to a match between the waveform of the first alternating signal and the predetermined waveform pattern, to determine the polarity information based on a part of the first alternating signal matching the predetermined waveform pattern. 5. The positioning device according to claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to recognize the polarity indicator on both the waveform of the first alternating signal and a waveform of the second alternating signal. 6. An excitation device for producing an excitation signal (V_exc) for a resolver, the excitation device comprising:
a signal generator for generating the excitation signal, and a signal interface for transmitting the excitation signal to the resolver, wherein the excitation device further comprises a modulator for modulating a waveform of the excitation signal to contain a polarity indicator expressing a polarity of the excitation signal when the polarity indicator is detected on a signal being the excitation signal multiplied with a gain having an unknown sign. 7. The excitation device according to claim 6, wherein the modulator is configured to modulate the waveform of the excitation signal to contain a change of phase or a change of frequency representing the polarity indicator so that the excitation signal has a predetermined polarity at a moment of occurrence of the change of phase or the change of frequency. 8. The excitation device according to claim 6, wherein the modulator is configured to modulate amplitude of the excitation signal so that the waveform of the excitation signal contains a predetermined waveform pattern representing the polarity indicator. 9. A converter for controlling voltages of a winding system of an electric machine, the converter comprising:
an excitation device according to claim 6 for producing an excitation signal for a resolver connected to a rotor of the electric machine, and a processing system for generating a position signal indicative of a rotational position of the resolver based on polarity information indicative of a polarity of the excitation signal and on amplitudes of alternating signals produced by the resolver. 10. The converter for controlling voltages of a winding system of an electric machine, the converter comprising a positioning device according to claim 1 for producing a position signal indicative of a rotational position of a resolver connected to a rotor of the electric machine. 11. The converter according to claim 10, wherein the converter further comprises an excitation device for producing an excitation signal for the resolver. 12. The converter according to claim 9, wherein the converter is a frequency converter. 13. A method comprising:
receiving a first alternative signal and a second alternative signal from a resolver, amplitudes of the first and second alternative signals being dependent on a rotational position of the resolver so that envelopes of the first and second alternative signals have a mutual phase shift, and generating a position signal indicative of the rotational position of the resolver based on the amplitudes of the first and second alternating signals and on polarity information indicative of a polarity of an excitation signal of the resolver, wherein the method comprises: recognizing a polarity indicator on a waveform of at least the first alternating signal, and determining the polarity information based on the recognized polarity indicator. | 2,600 |
348,990 | 16,806,553 | 2,683 | A keyless puck lock system with wireless communications and power interface. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a keyless puck lock system enabling a low cost and high security solution that is difficult to tamper with and defeat. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system uses a keyless puck lock assembly that includes a hasp assembly and a keyless lock mechanism that does not require any physical mechanical keys so that it does not have a mechanical cylinder inserted therein to lock or unlock the puck lock. Accordingly, the keyless puck lock system in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention does not have a physical keyway which is a security attack point that is included in conventional hockey puck-type locks. | 1. A method for electronic access control, the method comprising:
establishing a communications interface between a mobile electronic device and an electronic lock assembly, the electronic lock assembly comprising a control module, a lock portion having a first wireless power interface and a hasp portion having a second wireless power interface,
wherein the first wireless power interface of the lock portion is operably engaged with the second wireless power interface of the hasp portion;
communicating, with the mobile electronic device, a transmission signal to the control module; and actuating, via the control module and in response to receiving the transmission signal, a locking mechanism from a locked state to an unlocked state, wherein the locked state comprises a mechanical locking interface between the lock portion and the hasp portion. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a second transmission signal to the mobile electronic device in response to actuating the locking mechanism from the locked state to the unlocked state. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the lock portion and the hasp portion are communicably engaged via a wireless communications interface. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a transmission signal indicative of an alignment between the lock portion and the hasp portion to the mobile electronic device. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a transmission signal indicative of a lock state of the locking mechanism to a site integration module. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the site integration module resides on a remote server being communicably engaged with the control module. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising establishing, via a communications network, a communications interface between the mobile electronic device and a remote server. 8. A method for electronic access control, the method comprising:
establishing a wireless communications interface between a lock assembly and a hasp assembly, wherein the lock assembly comprises a control module and a first wireless communications interface and the hasp assembly comprises a second wireless communications interface; engaging a locking bolt of the lock assembly with a receiving aperture of the hasp assembly to establish a locking mechanical interface between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly; determining, with at least one sensor being communicably engaged with the control module, a lock state of the lock assembly and the hasp assembly; establishing a communications interface between a mobile electronic device and the control module of the lock assembly; communicating, with the mobile electronic device, a transmission signal to the control module; and actuating, via the control module and in response to receiving the transmission signal, the locking bolt from a locked state to an unlocked state. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a transmission signal indicative of the lock state to the mobile electronic device. 10. The method of claim 8 further comprising establishing, via a communications network, a communications interface between the mobile electronic device and a remote server. 11. The method of claim 8 further comprising providing a power supply from the hasp assembly to the lock assembly, wherein the hasp assembly comprises a first wireless power interface and the lock assembly comprises a second wireless power interface. 12. The method of claim 8 further comprising determining, with the control module, a proximity and orientation between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a transmission signal indicative of the proximity and/or orientation between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly. 14. The method of claim 10 wherein the remote server comprises an integration module being communicably engaged with one or more external systems. 15. A method for electronic access control, the method comprising:
establishing a wireless communications interface between a lock assembly and a hasp assembly,
wherein the hasp assembly comprises a first wireless power interface and a first wireless communications interface, and
wherein the lock assembly comprises a control module, a second wireless communications interface, a second wireless power interface, and a battery;
establishing a communications interface between a mobile electronic device and the control module of the lock assembly; determining, with at least one sensor being communicably engaged with the control module, a lock state of the lock assembly and the hasp assembly; communicating, with the mobile electronic device, a transmission signal to the control module; and actuating, via the control module and in response to receiving the transmission signal, a locking mechanism from a locked state to an unlocked state, wherein the locked state comprises a mechanical locking interface between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the first wireless power interface of the hasp assembly is operably engaged with the second wireless power interface of the lock assembly. 17. The method of claim 15 further comprising establishing, via a communications network, a communications interface between the mobile electronic device and a remote server. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the remote server comprises an integration module being communicably engaged with one or more external systems. 19. The method of claim 15 further comprising determining, with the control module, a proximity and orientation between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly. 20. The method of claim 15 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a transmission signal indicative of the proximity and/or orientation between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly. | A keyless puck lock system with wireless communications and power interface. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a keyless puck lock system enabling a low cost and high security solution that is difficult to tamper with and defeat. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system uses a keyless puck lock assembly that includes a hasp assembly and a keyless lock mechanism that does not require any physical mechanical keys so that it does not have a mechanical cylinder inserted therein to lock or unlock the puck lock. Accordingly, the keyless puck lock system in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention does not have a physical keyway which is a security attack point that is included in conventional hockey puck-type locks.1. A method for electronic access control, the method comprising:
establishing a communications interface between a mobile electronic device and an electronic lock assembly, the electronic lock assembly comprising a control module, a lock portion having a first wireless power interface and a hasp portion having a second wireless power interface,
wherein the first wireless power interface of the lock portion is operably engaged with the second wireless power interface of the hasp portion;
communicating, with the mobile electronic device, a transmission signal to the control module; and actuating, via the control module and in response to receiving the transmission signal, a locking mechanism from a locked state to an unlocked state, wherein the locked state comprises a mechanical locking interface between the lock portion and the hasp portion. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a second transmission signal to the mobile electronic device in response to actuating the locking mechanism from the locked state to the unlocked state. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the lock portion and the hasp portion are communicably engaged via a wireless communications interface. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a transmission signal indicative of an alignment between the lock portion and the hasp portion to the mobile electronic device. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a transmission signal indicative of a lock state of the locking mechanism to a site integration module. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the site integration module resides on a remote server being communicably engaged with the control module. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising establishing, via a communications network, a communications interface between the mobile electronic device and a remote server. 8. A method for electronic access control, the method comprising:
establishing a wireless communications interface between a lock assembly and a hasp assembly, wherein the lock assembly comprises a control module and a first wireless communications interface and the hasp assembly comprises a second wireless communications interface; engaging a locking bolt of the lock assembly with a receiving aperture of the hasp assembly to establish a locking mechanical interface between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly; determining, with at least one sensor being communicably engaged with the control module, a lock state of the lock assembly and the hasp assembly; establishing a communications interface between a mobile electronic device and the control module of the lock assembly; communicating, with the mobile electronic device, a transmission signal to the control module; and actuating, via the control module and in response to receiving the transmission signal, the locking bolt from a locked state to an unlocked state. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a transmission signal indicative of the lock state to the mobile electronic device. 10. The method of claim 8 further comprising establishing, via a communications network, a communications interface between the mobile electronic device and a remote server. 11. The method of claim 8 further comprising providing a power supply from the hasp assembly to the lock assembly, wherein the hasp assembly comprises a first wireless power interface and the lock assembly comprises a second wireless power interface. 12. The method of claim 8 further comprising determining, with the control module, a proximity and orientation between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a transmission signal indicative of the proximity and/or orientation between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly. 14. The method of claim 10 wherein the remote server comprises an integration module being communicably engaged with one or more external systems. 15. A method for electronic access control, the method comprising:
establishing a wireless communications interface between a lock assembly and a hasp assembly,
wherein the hasp assembly comprises a first wireless power interface and a first wireless communications interface, and
wherein the lock assembly comprises a control module, a second wireless communications interface, a second wireless power interface, and a battery;
establishing a communications interface between a mobile electronic device and the control module of the lock assembly; determining, with at least one sensor being communicably engaged with the control module, a lock state of the lock assembly and the hasp assembly; communicating, with the mobile electronic device, a transmission signal to the control module; and actuating, via the control module and in response to receiving the transmission signal, a locking mechanism from a locked state to an unlocked state, wherein the locked state comprises a mechanical locking interface between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the first wireless power interface of the hasp assembly is operably engaged with the second wireless power interface of the lock assembly. 17. The method of claim 15 further comprising establishing, via a communications network, a communications interface between the mobile electronic device and a remote server. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the remote server comprises an integration module being communicably engaged with one or more external systems. 19. The method of claim 15 further comprising determining, with the control module, a proximity and orientation between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly. 20. The method of claim 15 further comprising communicating, with the control module, a transmission signal indicative of the proximity and/or orientation between the lock assembly and the hasp assembly. | 2,600 |
348,991 | 16,806,558 | 2,683 | According to one embodiment, a polishing apparatus includes a holder for holding a polishing pad for polishing a surface of a substrate. A plurality of pressing members are configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad while held by the holder. A driving unit is configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate so as to press the back surface side of the polishing pad. | 1. A polishing apparatus, comprising:
a holder configured to hold a polishing pad for polishing a surface of a substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder. 2. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the planar area of the polishing pad is less than the planar area of the surface of the substrate. 3. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each pressing member is connected to an electrical actuator or an air cylinder. 4. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each pressing member is a rod-like member having a rounded end. 5. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one pressing member in the plurality of pressing members includes a sensor for detecting contact with the substrate. 6. The polishing apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:
a measuring device configured to measure a film thickness of a film on the substrate. 7. The polishing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the measuring device comprises an optical sensor, contact sensor, or eddy-current sensor. 8. The polishing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the measuring device is configured to provide a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate. 9. The polishing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the measuring device is configured to compare the height of the protrusion to a target value. 10. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a measuring unit configured to measure a film thickness of a film on the substrate; an arithmetic unit configured to identify a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate based on the measurement of the film thickness and then select a recipe for polishing the protrusion from among a plurality of recipes stored in a storage unit, wherein the driving unit is controlled to selectively move the pressing members according to the selected recipe. 11. A polishing apparatus, comprising:
a measuring device configured to measure a film thickness of a film on a substrate; an arithmetic unit configured to identify a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate based on the measurement of the film thickness and then select a recipe for polishing the surface of the substrate according to the position and height of the protrusion; a holder configured to hold a polishing pad for polishing the surface of the substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder and vary a polishing surface of the polishing pad that contact the surface of the substrate during polishing; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder, wherein the driving unit is controlled according to the selected recipe to selectively move pressing members in the direction towards the surface of the substrate during the polishing of the surface of the substrate. 12. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the measuring device is configured to compare the height of the protrusion to a target value. 13. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the recipe indicates which pressing members in the plurality of pressing members are moved and to what distance to which the pressing members in the plurality of pressing members are extended. 14. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each pressing member is connected to an electrical actuator or an air cylinder. 15. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each pressing member is a rod-like member having a rounded end. 16. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the measuring device comprises an optical sensor, contact sensor, or eddy-current sensor. 17. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the arithmetic unit is configured to prepare a graph indicating measured film thickness on the substrate at various points on the substrate. 18. The polishing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the arithmetic unit is configured to identify the location and the height of the protrusion on the surface of the substrate by using the graph. 19. A substrate manufacturing method, comprising:
bringing a polishing pad into contact with a surface of a substrate, wherein the polishing pad being held by a polishing apparatus, comprising: a holder configured to hold the polishing pad for polishing the surface of the substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
fabricating a semiconductor device on the substrate. | According to one embodiment, a polishing apparatus includes a holder for holding a polishing pad for polishing a surface of a substrate. A plurality of pressing members are configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad while held by the holder. A driving unit is configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate so as to press the back surface side of the polishing pad.1. A polishing apparatus, comprising:
a holder configured to hold a polishing pad for polishing a surface of a substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder. 2. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the planar area of the polishing pad is less than the planar area of the surface of the substrate. 3. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each pressing member is connected to an electrical actuator or an air cylinder. 4. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each pressing member is a rod-like member having a rounded end. 5. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one pressing member in the plurality of pressing members includes a sensor for detecting contact with the substrate. 6. The polishing apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:
a measuring device configured to measure a film thickness of a film on the substrate. 7. The polishing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the measuring device comprises an optical sensor, contact sensor, or eddy-current sensor. 8. The polishing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the measuring device is configured to provide a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate. 9. The polishing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the measuring device is configured to compare the height of the protrusion to a target value. 10. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a measuring unit configured to measure a film thickness of a film on the substrate; an arithmetic unit configured to identify a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate based on the measurement of the film thickness and then select a recipe for polishing the protrusion from among a plurality of recipes stored in a storage unit, wherein the driving unit is controlled to selectively move the pressing members according to the selected recipe. 11. A polishing apparatus, comprising:
a measuring device configured to measure a film thickness of a film on a substrate; an arithmetic unit configured to identify a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate based on the measurement of the film thickness and then select a recipe for polishing the surface of the substrate according to the position and height of the protrusion; a holder configured to hold a polishing pad for polishing the surface of the substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder and vary a polishing surface of the polishing pad that contact the surface of the substrate during polishing; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder, wherein the driving unit is controlled according to the selected recipe to selectively move pressing members in the direction towards the surface of the substrate during the polishing of the surface of the substrate. 12. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the measuring device is configured to compare the height of the protrusion to a target value. 13. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the recipe indicates which pressing members in the plurality of pressing members are moved and to what distance to which the pressing members in the plurality of pressing members are extended. 14. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each pressing member is connected to an electrical actuator or an air cylinder. 15. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each pressing member is a rod-like member having a rounded end. 16. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the measuring device comprises an optical sensor, contact sensor, or eddy-current sensor. 17. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the arithmetic unit is configured to prepare a graph indicating measured film thickness on the substrate at various points on the substrate. 18. The polishing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the arithmetic unit is configured to identify the location and the height of the protrusion on the surface of the substrate by using the graph. 19. A substrate manufacturing method, comprising:
bringing a polishing pad into contact with a surface of a substrate, wherein the polishing pad being held by a polishing apparatus, comprising: a holder configured to hold the polishing pad for polishing the surface of the substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
fabricating a semiconductor device on the substrate. | 2,600 |
348,992 | 16,806,521 | 2,683 | According to one embodiment, a polishing apparatus includes a holder for holding a polishing pad for polishing a surface of a substrate. A plurality of pressing members are configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad while held by the holder. A driving unit is configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate so as to press the back surface side of the polishing pad. | 1. A polishing apparatus, comprising:
a holder configured to hold a polishing pad for polishing a surface of a substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder. 2. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the planar area of the polishing pad is less than the planar area of the surface of the substrate. 3. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each pressing member is connected to an electrical actuator or an air cylinder. 4. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each pressing member is a rod-like member having a rounded end. 5. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one pressing member in the plurality of pressing members includes a sensor for detecting contact with the substrate. 6. The polishing apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:
a measuring device configured to measure a film thickness of a film on the substrate. 7. The polishing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the measuring device comprises an optical sensor, contact sensor, or eddy-current sensor. 8. The polishing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the measuring device is configured to provide a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate. 9. The polishing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the measuring device is configured to compare the height of the protrusion to a target value. 10. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a measuring unit configured to measure a film thickness of a film on the substrate; an arithmetic unit configured to identify a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate based on the measurement of the film thickness and then select a recipe for polishing the protrusion from among a plurality of recipes stored in a storage unit, wherein the driving unit is controlled to selectively move the pressing members according to the selected recipe. 11. A polishing apparatus, comprising:
a measuring device configured to measure a film thickness of a film on a substrate; an arithmetic unit configured to identify a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate based on the measurement of the film thickness and then select a recipe for polishing the surface of the substrate according to the position and height of the protrusion; a holder configured to hold a polishing pad for polishing the surface of the substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder and vary a polishing surface of the polishing pad that contact the surface of the substrate during polishing; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder, wherein the driving unit is controlled according to the selected recipe to selectively move pressing members in the direction towards the surface of the substrate during the polishing of the surface of the substrate. 12. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the measuring device is configured to compare the height of the protrusion to a target value. 13. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the recipe indicates which pressing members in the plurality of pressing members are moved and to what distance to which the pressing members in the plurality of pressing members are extended. 14. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each pressing member is connected to an electrical actuator or an air cylinder. 15. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each pressing member is a rod-like member having a rounded end. 16. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the measuring device comprises an optical sensor, contact sensor, or eddy-current sensor. 17. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the arithmetic unit is configured to prepare a graph indicating measured film thickness on the substrate at various points on the substrate. 18. The polishing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the arithmetic unit is configured to identify the location and the height of the protrusion on the surface of the substrate by using the graph. 19. A substrate manufacturing method, comprising:
bringing a polishing pad into contact with a surface of a substrate, wherein the polishing pad being held by a polishing apparatus, comprising: a holder configured to hold the polishing pad for polishing the surface of the substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
fabricating a semiconductor device on the substrate. | According to one embodiment, a polishing apparatus includes a holder for holding a polishing pad for polishing a surface of a substrate. A plurality of pressing members are configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad while held by the holder. A driving unit is configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate so as to press the back surface side of the polishing pad.1. A polishing apparatus, comprising:
a holder configured to hold a polishing pad for polishing a surface of a substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder. 2. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the planar area of the polishing pad is less than the planar area of the surface of the substrate. 3. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each pressing member is connected to an electrical actuator or an air cylinder. 4. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each pressing member is a rod-like member having a rounded end. 5. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one pressing member in the plurality of pressing members includes a sensor for detecting contact with the substrate. 6. The polishing apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:
a measuring device configured to measure a film thickness of a film on the substrate. 7. The polishing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the measuring device comprises an optical sensor, contact sensor, or eddy-current sensor. 8. The polishing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the measuring device is configured to provide a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate. 9. The polishing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the measuring device is configured to compare the height of the protrusion to a target value. 10. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a measuring unit configured to measure a film thickness of a film on the substrate; an arithmetic unit configured to identify a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate based on the measurement of the film thickness and then select a recipe for polishing the protrusion from among a plurality of recipes stored in a storage unit, wherein the driving unit is controlled to selectively move the pressing members according to the selected recipe. 11. A polishing apparatus, comprising:
a measuring device configured to measure a film thickness of a film on a substrate; an arithmetic unit configured to identify a position and a height of a protrusion on the surface of the substrate based on the measurement of the film thickness and then select a recipe for polishing the surface of the substrate according to the position and height of the protrusion; a holder configured to hold a polishing pad for polishing the surface of the substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder and vary a polishing surface of the polishing pad that contact the surface of the substrate during polishing; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder, wherein the driving unit is controlled according to the selected recipe to selectively move pressing members in the direction towards the surface of the substrate during the polishing of the surface of the substrate. 12. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the measuring device is configured to compare the height of the protrusion to a target value. 13. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the recipe indicates which pressing members in the plurality of pressing members are moved and to what distance to which the pressing members in the plurality of pressing members are extended. 14. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each pressing member is connected to an electrical actuator or an air cylinder. 15. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each pressing member is a rod-like member having a rounded end. 16. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the measuring device comprises an optical sensor, contact sensor, or eddy-current sensor. 17. The polishing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the arithmetic unit is configured to prepare a graph indicating measured film thickness on the substrate at various points on the substrate. 18. The polishing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the arithmetic unit is configured to identify the location and the height of the protrusion on the surface of the substrate by using the graph. 19. A substrate manufacturing method, comprising:
bringing a polishing pad into contact with a surface of a substrate, wherein the polishing pad being held by a polishing apparatus, comprising: a holder configured to hold the polishing pad for polishing the surface of the substrate; a plurality of pressing members configured to press a back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder; and a driving unit configured to selectively move pressing members in a direction towards the surface of the substrate to press the back surface side of the polishing pad being held by the holder. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
fabricating a semiconductor device on the substrate. | 2,600 |
348,993 | 16,806,544 | 2,426 | Multimodal multilabel tagging of video content may include labeling the video content with topical tags that are identified based on extracted features from two or more modalities of the video content. The two or more modalities may include (i) a video modality for the object, images, and/or visual elements of the video content, (ii) a text modality for the speech, dialog, and/or text of the video content, and/or (iii) an audio modality for non-speech sounds and/or sound characteristics of the video content. Combinational multimodal multilabel tagging may include combining two or more features from the same or different modality in order to increase the contextual understanding of the features and generate contextually relevant tags. Video content may be labeled with global tags relating to overall topics of the video content, and different sets of local tags relating to topics at different segments of the video content. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving a request comprising one or more topics by which to select desired video content from a plurality of video content; determining, from processing images of particular video content from the plurality of video content, a first set of features that classify to the one or more topics; determining, from processing audio of the particular video content, a second set of features that classify to the one or more topics; and providing, in response to the request, the particular video content based on at least one feature from the first and second sets of features that classify to a common topic of the one or more topics. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of features comprises objects in the images that relate to the one or more topics, and wherein the second set of features comprises dialog in the audio that relate to the one or more topics. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of features comprises objects in the images that visually represent the one or more topics, and wherein the second set of features comprises sound characteristics in the audio that audibly represent the one or more topics. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
filtering the first set of features to a first subset of features, wherein filtering comprises:
retaining features in the first subset of features that appear in at least a threshold number of images; and
excluding features from the first subset of features that do not appear in at least the threshold number of images. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising:
filtering the second set of features to a second subset of features, wherein filtering the second set of features comprises:
retaining sound features that repeat and that classify to the one or more topics; and
excluding sound features that do not repeat or do not classify to the one or more topics. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the second set of features comprises:
extracting a first subset of features for the second set of features from dialog in the audio that references the one or more topics; and extracting a second subset of features for the second set of features from sound characteristics that correspond to sounds of the one or more topics. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first set of features comprises:
identifying objects in the images with a connection to the one or more topics. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of features classify to the one or more topics based on one or more of contextual relevance or temporal relevance between objects in the images and the one or more topics, and wherein the second set of features classify to the one or more topics based on one or more of contextual relevance or temporal relevance between sounds in the audio and the one or more topics. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the particular video content comprises:
linking a tag with which to identify the particular video content based on a feature of the first set of features and a feature of the second set of features classifying to a common topic from the one or more topics; and retrieving the particular video content from the plurality of video content based on the tag matching to at least one of the one or more topics. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining at least one of a temporal match or a contextual match between a first feature of the first set of features and a second feature of the second set of features; and
linking to the particular video content, a tag derived from a combination of the first feature and the second feature. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the second set of features comprises:
obtaining closed captions of the video content. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
providing a tag taxonomy comprising a plurality of topics with which the plurality of video content is labeled;
matching the one or more topics from the request to a set of topics of the particular video content based on different combinations of the first set of features and the second set of features that map to the set of topics in the tag taxonomy. 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
extracting a first modality and a second modality from the particular video content, the first modality comprising the images of the particular video content and the second modality comprising the audio of the particular video content. 14. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
assigning a different score to each feature of the first set of features based on a degree to which a visual element in each feature of the first set of features matches to a topic from a plurality of topics. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
assigning a different score to each feature of the second set of features based on a degree to which a spoken phrase or sound in each feature of the second set of features matches to a topic from the plurality of topics. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
tagging the particular video content with the one or more topics based on a first subset of the first set of features and the second set of features having scores that are greater than scores of a different second subset of the first set of features and the second set of features; 17. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
identifying a particular topic of the particular video content based on the image associated with one feature of the first set of features matching to subject matter identified from one feature of the second set of features; and
matching the particular topic of the particular video content to the one or more topics from the request. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
linking the particular topic to one or more tags from a tag taxonomy comprising a plurality of tags corresponding to different topics; and
labeling the particular video content with the one or more tags, wherein said labeling comprises adding the one or more tags as metadata of the particular video content. 19. A device comprising:
a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the set of processor-executable instructions, wherein executing the set of processor-executable instructions causes the one or more processors to:
receive a request comprising one or more topics by which to select desired video content from a plurality of video content;
determine, from processing images of particular video content from the plurality of video content, a first set of features that classify to the one or more topics;
determine, from processing audio of the particular video content, a second set of features that classify to the one or more topics; and
provide, in response to the request, the particular video content based on at least one feature from the first and second sets of features that classify to a common topic of the one or more topics. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, storing a set of processor-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive a request comprising one or more topics by which to select desired video content from a plurality of video content; determine, from processing images of particular video content from the plurality of video content, a first set of features that classify to the one or more topics; determine, from processing audio of the particular video content, a second set of features that classify to the one or more topics; and provide, in response to the request, the particular video content based on at least one feature from the first and second sets of features that classify to a common topic of the one or more topics. | Multimodal multilabel tagging of video content may include labeling the video content with topical tags that are identified based on extracted features from two or more modalities of the video content. The two or more modalities may include (i) a video modality for the object, images, and/or visual elements of the video content, (ii) a text modality for the speech, dialog, and/or text of the video content, and/or (iii) an audio modality for non-speech sounds and/or sound characteristics of the video content. Combinational multimodal multilabel tagging may include combining two or more features from the same or different modality in order to increase the contextual understanding of the features and generate contextually relevant tags. Video content may be labeled with global tags relating to overall topics of the video content, and different sets of local tags relating to topics at different segments of the video content.1. A method comprising:
receiving a request comprising one or more topics by which to select desired video content from a plurality of video content; determining, from processing images of particular video content from the plurality of video content, a first set of features that classify to the one or more topics; determining, from processing audio of the particular video content, a second set of features that classify to the one or more topics; and providing, in response to the request, the particular video content based on at least one feature from the first and second sets of features that classify to a common topic of the one or more topics. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of features comprises objects in the images that relate to the one or more topics, and wherein the second set of features comprises dialog in the audio that relate to the one or more topics. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of features comprises objects in the images that visually represent the one or more topics, and wherein the second set of features comprises sound characteristics in the audio that audibly represent the one or more topics. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
filtering the first set of features to a first subset of features, wherein filtering comprises:
retaining features in the first subset of features that appear in at least a threshold number of images; and
excluding features from the first subset of features that do not appear in at least the threshold number of images. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising:
filtering the second set of features to a second subset of features, wherein filtering the second set of features comprises:
retaining sound features that repeat and that classify to the one or more topics; and
excluding sound features that do not repeat or do not classify to the one or more topics. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the second set of features comprises:
extracting a first subset of features for the second set of features from dialog in the audio that references the one or more topics; and extracting a second subset of features for the second set of features from sound characteristics that correspond to sounds of the one or more topics. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first set of features comprises:
identifying objects in the images with a connection to the one or more topics. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of features classify to the one or more topics based on one or more of contextual relevance or temporal relevance between objects in the images and the one or more topics, and wherein the second set of features classify to the one or more topics based on one or more of contextual relevance or temporal relevance between sounds in the audio and the one or more topics. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the particular video content comprises:
linking a tag with which to identify the particular video content based on a feature of the first set of features and a feature of the second set of features classifying to a common topic from the one or more topics; and retrieving the particular video content from the plurality of video content based on the tag matching to at least one of the one or more topics. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining at least one of a temporal match or a contextual match between a first feature of the first set of features and a second feature of the second set of features; and
linking to the particular video content, a tag derived from a combination of the first feature and the second feature. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the second set of features comprises:
obtaining closed captions of the video content. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
providing a tag taxonomy comprising a plurality of topics with which the plurality of video content is labeled;
matching the one or more topics from the request to a set of topics of the particular video content based on different combinations of the first set of features and the second set of features that map to the set of topics in the tag taxonomy. 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
extracting a first modality and a second modality from the particular video content, the first modality comprising the images of the particular video content and the second modality comprising the audio of the particular video content. 14. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
assigning a different score to each feature of the first set of features based on a degree to which a visual element in each feature of the first set of features matches to a topic from a plurality of topics. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
assigning a different score to each feature of the second set of features based on a degree to which a spoken phrase or sound in each feature of the second set of features matches to a topic from the plurality of topics. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
tagging the particular video content with the one or more topics based on a first subset of the first set of features and the second set of features having scores that are greater than scores of a different second subset of the first set of features and the second set of features; 17. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
identifying a particular topic of the particular video content based on the image associated with one feature of the first set of features matching to subject matter identified from one feature of the second set of features; and
matching the particular topic of the particular video content to the one or more topics from the request. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
linking the particular topic to one or more tags from a tag taxonomy comprising a plurality of tags corresponding to different topics; and
labeling the particular video content with the one or more tags, wherein said labeling comprises adding the one or more tags as metadata of the particular video content. 19. A device comprising:
a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the set of processor-executable instructions, wherein executing the set of processor-executable instructions causes the one or more processors to:
receive a request comprising one or more topics by which to select desired video content from a plurality of video content;
determine, from processing images of particular video content from the plurality of video content, a first set of features that classify to the one or more topics;
determine, from processing audio of the particular video content, a second set of features that classify to the one or more topics; and
provide, in response to the request, the particular video content based on at least one feature from the first and second sets of features that classify to a common topic of the one or more topics. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, storing a set of processor-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive a request comprising one or more topics by which to select desired video content from a plurality of video content; determine, from processing images of particular video content from the plurality of video content, a first set of features that classify to the one or more topics; determine, from processing audio of the particular video content, a second set of features that classify to the one or more topics; and provide, in response to the request, the particular video content based on at least one feature from the first and second sets of features that classify to a common topic of the one or more topics. | 2,400 |
348,994 | 16,806,527 | 2,426 | The present invention includes a method of myceliating coffee beans including sterilizing the coffee beans, preparing a liquid tissue culture including an aliquot of fungal liquid tissue culture derived from liquid state fermentation, and inoculating the coffee beans with the fungal liquid tissue culture. Next, the step of enabling mycelium growth on the coffee includes controlling temperature, humidity, and sterility of the environment. The aliquot of fungal liquid tissue culture is optionally agitated to form hyphael conglomerations of mycelium having sizes of less than 1 mm in diameter. | 1. A method for the preparation of a myceliated agricultural substrate, comprising:
sterilizing the agricultural substrate; providing a fungal liquid tissue culture, wherein the fungal culture is selected from the group consisting of Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Morchella hortensis, and golden Morchella; inoculating the sterilized agricultural substrate with the fungal liquid tissue culture; and culturing the agricultural substrate to prepare a myceliated agricultural substrate. 2. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the fungal liquid tissue culture of is prepared by submerged liquid-state culture. 3. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises sterilizing the myceliated agricultural substrate. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fungal species is Morchella hortensis or golden Morchella. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the agricultural substate is selected from the group consisting of cereals, grains, all species of wheat, rye, brown rice, white rice, red rice, gold rice, wild rice, rice, barley, triticale, rice, sorghum, oats, millets, quinoa, buckwheat, fonio, amaranth, teff and durum. 6-15. (canceled) | The present invention includes a method of myceliating coffee beans including sterilizing the coffee beans, preparing a liquid tissue culture including an aliquot of fungal liquid tissue culture derived from liquid state fermentation, and inoculating the coffee beans with the fungal liquid tissue culture. Next, the step of enabling mycelium growth on the coffee includes controlling temperature, humidity, and sterility of the environment. The aliquot of fungal liquid tissue culture is optionally agitated to form hyphael conglomerations of mycelium having sizes of less than 1 mm in diameter.1. A method for the preparation of a myceliated agricultural substrate, comprising:
sterilizing the agricultural substrate; providing a fungal liquid tissue culture, wherein the fungal culture is selected from the group consisting of Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Morchella hortensis, and golden Morchella; inoculating the sterilized agricultural substrate with the fungal liquid tissue culture; and culturing the agricultural substrate to prepare a myceliated agricultural substrate. 2. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the fungal liquid tissue culture of is prepared by submerged liquid-state culture. 3. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises sterilizing the myceliated agricultural substrate. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fungal species is Morchella hortensis or golden Morchella. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the agricultural substate is selected from the group consisting of cereals, grains, all species of wheat, rye, brown rice, white rice, red rice, gold rice, wild rice, rice, barley, triticale, rice, sorghum, oats, millets, quinoa, buckwheat, fonio, amaranth, teff and durum. 6-15. (canceled) | 2,400 |
348,995 | 16,806,520 | 2,426 | A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for performing an eventually consistent event resolution operation. The eventually consistent event resolution operation includes: parsing entity identifier information, the parsing generating a plurality of entity identifier elements from the entity identifier information; normalizing an entity identifier element of the plurality of entity identifier elements to provide a normalized entity identifier element; associating the normalized entity identifier element with the entity to resolve the identity of the entity; and, performing an eventually consistent event resolution operation, the eventually consistent event resolution operation updating distributed data associated with the entity, distributed data corresponding to entity identifiers impacted by subsequent changes to entity mappings being updated by the eventually consistent event resolution operation to reflect a more recent entity mapping. | 1. A computer-implementable method for resolving an identity of an entity, comprising:
parsing entity identifier information, the parsing generating a plurality of entity identifier elements from the entity identifier information; normalizing an entity identifier element of the plurality of entity identifier elements to provide a normalized entity identifier element; associating the normalized entity identifier element with the entity to resolve the identity of the entity; and, performing an eventually consistent event resolution operation, the eventually consistent event resolution operation updating distributed data associated with the entity, distributed data corresponding to entity identifiers impacted by subsequent changes to entity mappings being updated by the eventually consistent event resolution operation to reflect a more recent entity mapping. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a denormalization operation on a resolved entity identifier element, the denormalization operation providing a denormalized entity identifier element; and wherein the eventually consistent resolution operation uses the denormalized entity identifier element. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
resolving the identity of the entity is with respect to a particular security related event. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the entity identifier information comprises at least one of a user identification factor, a user identifier factor, location data, information associated with an endpoint device, information associated with an edge device, information associated with an internal network, information associated with an external network and information associated with a resource entity. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; and, the associated entity identifier type comprises a representation of a particular attribute associated with an entity identifier element. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; the entity identifier element type comprises at least one of a simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) address type, an exchange address type and an inferred type; and, normalizing the entity identifier element is specific to the entity identifier element type. 7. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code for resolving an identity of an entity, the non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code interacting with a plurality of computer operations and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
parsing entity identifier information, the parsing generating a plurality of entity identifier elements from the entity identifier information;
normalizing an entity identifier element of the plurality of entity identifier elements to provide a normalized entity identifier element;
associating the normalized entity identifier element with the entity to resolve the identity of the entity; and,
performing an eventually consistent event resolution operation, the eventually consistent event resolution operation updating distributed data associated with the entity, distributed data corresponding to entity identifiers impacted by subsequent changes to entity mappings being updated by the eventually consistent event resolution operation to reflect a more recent entity mapping. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured for:
performing a denormalization operation on a resolved entity identifier element, the denormalization operation providing a denormalized entity identifier element; and wherein the eventually consistent resolution operation uses the denormalized entity identifier element. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein:
resolving the identity of the entity is with respect to a particular security related event. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the entity identifier information comprises at least one of a user identification factor, a user identifier factor, location data, information associated with an endpoint device, information associated with an edge device, information associated with an internal network, information associated with an external network and information associated with a resource entity. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; and, the associated entity identifier type comprises a representation of a particular attribute associated with an entity identifier element. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; the entity identifier element type comprises at least one of a simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) address type, an exchange address type and an inferred type; and, normalizing the entity identifier element is specific to the entity identifier element type. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code for resolving an identity of an entity, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
parsing entity identifier information, the parsing generating a plurality of entity identifier elements from the entity identifier information; normalizing an entity identifier element of the plurality of entity identifier elements to provide a normalized entity identifier element; associating the normalized entity identifier element with the entity to resolve the identity of the entity; and, performing an eventually consistent event resolution operation, the eventually consistent event resolution operation updating distributed data associated with the entity, distributed data corresponding to entity identifiers impacted by subsequent changes to entity mappings being updated by the eventually consistent event resolution operation to reflect a more recent entity mapping. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are further configured for:
performing a denormalization operation on a resolved entity identifier element, the denormalization operation providing a denormalized entity identifier element; and wherein the eventually consistent resolution operation uses the denormalized entity identifier element. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
resolving the identity of the entity is with respect to a particular security related event. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the entity identifier information comprises at least one of a user identification factor, a user identifier factor, location data, information associated with an endpoint device, information associated with an edge device, information associated with an internal network, information associated with an external network and information associated with a resource entity. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; and, the associated entity identifier type comprises a representation of a particular attribute associated with an entity identifier element. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; the entity identifier element type comprises at least one of a simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) address type, an exchange address type and an inferred type; and, normalizing the entity identifier element is specific to the entity identifier element type. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the computer executable instructions are deployable to a client system from a server system at a remote location. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the computer executable instructions are provided by a service provider to a user on an on-demand basis. | A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for performing an eventually consistent event resolution operation. The eventually consistent event resolution operation includes: parsing entity identifier information, the parsing generating a plurality of entity identifier elements from the entity identifier information; normalizing an entity identifier element of the plurality of entity identifier elements to provide a normalized entity identifier element; associating the normalized entity identifier element with the entity to resolve the identity of the entity; and, performing an eventually consistent event resolution operation, the eventually consistent event resolution operation updating distributed data associated with the entity, distributed data corresponding to entity identifiers impacted by subsequent changes to entity mappings being updated by the eventually consistent event resolution operation to reflect a more recent entity mapping.1. A computer-implementable method for resolving an identity of an entity, comprising:
parsing entity identifier information, the parsing generating a plurality of entity identifier elements from the entity identifier information; normalizing an entity identifier element of the plurality of entity identifier elements to provide a normalized entity identifier element; associating the normalized entity identifier element with the entity to resolve the identity of the entity; and, performing an eventually consistent event resolution operation, the eventually consistent event resolution operation updating distributed data associated with the entity, distributed data corresponding to entity identifiers impacted by subsequent changes to entity mappings being updated by the eventually consistent event resolution operation to reflect a more recent entity mapping. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a denormalization operation on a resolved entity identifier element, the denormalization operation providing a denormalized entity identifier element; and wherein the eventually consistent resolution operation uses the denormalized entity identifier element. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
resolving the identity of the entity is with respect to a particular security related event. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the entity identifier information comprises at least one of a user identification factor, a user identifier factor, location data, information associated with an endpoint device, information associated with an edge device, information associated with an internal network, information associated with an external network and information associated with a resource entity. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; and, the associated entity identifier type comprises a representation of a particular attribute associated with an entity identifier element. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; the entity identifier element type comprises at least one of a simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) address type, an exchange address type and an inferred type; and, normalizing the entity identifier element is specific to the entity identifier element type. 7. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code for resolving an identity of an entity, the non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code interacting with a plurality of computer operations and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
parsing entity identifier information, the parsing generating a plurality of entity identifier elements from the entity identifier information;
normalizing an entity identifier element of the plurality of entity identifier elements to provide a normalized entity identifier element;
associating the normalized entity identifier element with the entity to resolve the identity of the entity; and,
performing an eventually consistent event resolution operation, the eventually consistent event resolution operation updating distributed data associated with the entity, distributed data corresponding to entity identifiers impacted by subsequent changes to entity mappings being updated by the eventually consistent event resolution operation to reflect a more recent entity mapping. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the instructions executable by the processor are further configured for:
performing a denormalization operation on a resolved entity identifier element, the denormalization operation providing a denormalized entity identifier element; and wherein the eventually consistent resolution operation uses the denormalized entity identifier element. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein:
resolving the identity of the entity is with respect to a particular security related event. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the entity identifier information comprises at least one of a user identification factor, a user identifier factor, location data, information associated with an endpoint device, information associated with an edge device, information associated with an internal network, information associated with an external network and information associated with a resource entity. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; and, the associated entity identifier type comprises a representation of a particular attribute associated with an entity identifier element. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; the entity identifier element type comprises at least one of a simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) address type, an exchange address type and an inferred type; and, normalizing the entity identifier element is specific to the entity identifier element type. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code for resolving an identity of an entity, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
parsing entity identifier information, the parsing generating a plurality of entity identifier elements from the entity identifier information; normalizing an entity identifier element of the plurality of entity identifier elements to provide a normalized entity identifier element; associating the normalized entity identifier element with the entity to resolve the identity of the entity; and, performing an eventually consistent event resolution operation, the eventually consistent event resolution operation updating distributed data associated with the entity, distributed data corresponding to entity identifiers impacted by subsequent changes to entity mappings being updated by the eventually consistent event resolution operation to reflect a more recent entity mapping. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are further configured for:
performing a denormalization operation on a resolved entity identifier element, the denormalization operation providing a denormalized entity identifier element; and wherein the eventually consistent resolution operation uses the denormalized entity identifier element. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
resolving the identity of the entity is with respect to a particular security related event. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the entity identifier information comprises at least one of a user identification factor, a user identifier factor, location data, information associated with an endpoint device, information associated with an edge device, information associated with an internal network, information associated with an external network and information associated with a resource entity. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; and, the associated entity identifier type comprises a representation of a particular attribute associated with an entity identifier element. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the entity identifier element has an associated entity identifier type; the entity identifier element type comprises at least one of a simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) address type, an exchange address type and an inferred type; and, normalizing the entity identifier element is specific to the entity identifier element type. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the computer executable instructions are deployable to a client system from a server system at a remote location. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the computer executable instructions are provided by a service provider to a user on an on-demand basis. | 2,400 |
348,996 | 16,806,524 | 2,426 | Embodiments target users based on energy usage and profile. For example, energy usage data can be received for households monitored using a plurality of meters, where the energy usage data is associated with the households and users. A data set that includes estimated energy usage over geographic areas can be received. The monitored energy usage data and the data set can be combined using a mapping, where the mapping includes location mappings between location information for the households and the geographic areas from the data set. Users with user profiles that meet a targeting criteria can be targeted based on the combined monitored energy usage data and the data set, where the users are targeted based on the location mappings. A messaging campaign that transmits messages to the targeted users can be executed. | 1. A system for targeting users based on energy usage and profile, the system comprising:
a processor and memory storing instructions, wherein, when executing the instructions, the processor is configured to: receive energy usage data for households monitored using a plurality of meters, the monitored energy usage data for a first portion of the households including a first type of energy usage and a second type of energy usage and the monitored energy usage data for a second portion of the households including the first type of energy usage, wherein the monitored energy usage data is associated with the households and users, and meters for at least some of the second portion of households are configured to monitor the first type of energy usage and are not configured to monitor the second type of energy usage; receive a data set that comprises estimated energy usage for households over a plurality of geographic regions, the estimated energy usage for households across at least a portion of the geographic regions including the first type of energy usage and the second type of energy usage; combine the monitored energy usage data and the data set using a mapping, wherein the mapping comprises location mappings between location information for the households comprising monitored energy usage and the geographic regions from the data set, wherein the monitored energy usage is combined with the data set using the mapping by:
mapping each of the households with monitored energy usage data to one or more of the geographic regions of the data set using the location information for the households and geographic boundaries for the geographic regions; and
deriving the second type of energy usage for a subset of the second portion of households based on the estimated second type of energy usage for households across the mapped geographic region from the data set,
target users with user profiles that meet a targeting criteria based on the combined monitored energy usage data and the data set, wherein at least a portion of users are targeted based on the derived second type of energy usage for the subset of households; and execute a messaging campaign that transmits messages to the targeted users. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the determination that the user profiles meet the targeting criteria is based on the location mapping between the monitored energy usage and the data set. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the location information for the households comprises a physical location of the households and the location mapping associates a physical location of the households with the geographic regions from the data set. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein monitored energy usage for the second portion of households comprises gaps for the second type of energy usage. 7. (canceled) 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the first type of energy usage is electrical energy usage and the second type of energy usage is gas energy usage or fuel energy usage. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein users with user profiles that meet the targeting criteria are targeted based on an income that meets an income criteria. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein executing the messaging campaign comprises one or more of transmitting electronic messages to user wireless devices, transmitting physical messages to user households, and transmitting emails to user email addresses. 11. A method for generating machine learning predictions for database migrations, the method comprising:
receiving energy usage data for households monitored using a plurality of meters, the monitored energy usage data for a first portion of the households including a first type of energy usage and a second type of energy usage and the monitored energy usage data for a second portion of the households including the first type of energy usage, wherein the monitored energy usage data is associated with the households and users, and meters for at least some of the second portion of households are configured to monitor the first type of energy usage and are not configured to monitor the second type of energy usage; receiving a data set that comprises estimated energy usage for households over a plurality of geographic regions, the estimated energy usage for households across at least a portion of the geographic regions including the first type of energy usage and the second type of energy usage; combining, using a processor, the monitored energy usage data and the data set using a mapping, wherein the mapping comprises location mappings between location information for the households comprising monitored energy usage and the geographic regions from the data set, wherein the monitored energy usage is combined with the data set using the mapping by:
mapping each of the households with monitored energy usage data to one or more of the geographic regions of the data set using the location information for the households and geographic boundaries for the geographic regions; and
deriving the second type of energy usage for a subset of the second portion of households based on the estimated second type of energy usage for households across the mapped geographic region from the data set;
targeting, using the processor, users with user profiles that meet a targeting criteria based on the combined monitored energy usage data and the data set, wherein at least a portion of users are targeted based on the derived second type of energy usage for the subset of households; and executing a messaging campaign that transmits messages to the targeted users. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the determination that the user profiles meet the targeting criteria is based on the location mapping between the monitored energy usage and the data set. 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the location information for the households comprises a physical location of the households and the location mapping associates a physical location of the households with the geographic regions from the data set. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein monitored energy usage for the second portion of households comprises gaps for the second type of energy usage. 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the first type of energy usage is electrical energy usage and the second type of energy usage is gas energy usage or fuel energy usage. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein executing the messaging campaign comprises one or more of transmitting electronic messages to user wireless devices, transmitting physical messages to user households, and transmitting emails to user email addresses. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to target users based on energy usage and profile, wherein, when executed, the instructions cause the processor to:
receive energy usage data for households monitored using a plurality of meters, the monitored energy usage data for a first portion of the households including a first type of energy usage and a second type of energy usage and the monitored energy usage data for a second portion of the households including the first type of energy usage, wherein the monitored energy usage data is associated with the households and users, and meters for at least some of the second portion of households are configured to monitor the first type of energy usage and are not configured to monitor the second type of energy usage; receive a data set that comprises estimated energy usage for households over a plurality of geographic regions, the estimated energy usage for households across at least a portion of the geographic regions including the first type of energy usage and the second type of energy usage; combine the monitored energy usage data and the data set using a mapping, wherein the mapping comprises location mappings between location information for the households comprising monitored energy usage and the geographic regions from the data set, wherein the monitored energy usage is combined with the data set using the mapping by:
mapping each of the households with monitored energy usage data to one or more of the geographic regions of the data set using the location information for the households and geographic boundaries for the geographic regions; and
deriving the second type of energy usage for a subset of the second portion of households based on the estimated second type of energy usage for households across the mapped geographic region from the data set;
target users with user profiles that meet a targeting criteria based on the combined monitored energy usage data and the data set, wherein at least a portion of users are targeted based on the derived second type of energy usage for the subset of households; and execute a messaging campaign that transmits messages to the targeted users. 21-22. (canceled) 23. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the households comprises a predetermined fuel type, and the second type of energy usage for the subset of households is derived based on the predetermined fuel type for each of the subset of households. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the predetermined fuel types comprise electric only, unknown, and one or more of electric plus gas and electric plus fuel. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein, for each of the subset of households that comprise an unknown fuel type:
segmenting the subset of households into a plurality of assigned buckets based on characteristics of the households and characteristics of users associated with the households; and determining a fuel type for each of the subset of households that comprise an unknown fuel type by matching the household characteristics and user characteristics of the assigned bucket to households across the mapped geographic region within the data set, and deriving a fuel type based on one or more known fuel types for the matching households. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the second type of energy usage for the subset of households that comprise an unknown fuel type is derived based on the estimated second type of energy usage for households across the mapped geographic region that comprise the determined fuel type. | Embodiments target users based on energy usage and profile. For example, energy usage data can be received for households monitored using a plurality of meters, where the energy usage data is associated with the households and users. A data set that includes estimated energy usage over geographic areas can be received. The monitored energy usage data and the data set can be combined using a mapping, where the mapping includes location mappings between location information for the households and the geographic areas from the data set. Users with user profiles that meet a targeting criteria can be targeted based on the combined monitored energy usage data and the data set, where the users are targeted based on the location mappings. A messaging campaign that transmits messages to the targeted users can be executed.1. A system for targeting users based on energy usage and profile, the system comprising:
a processor and memory storing instructions, wherein, when executing the instructions, the processor is configured to: receive energy usage data for households monitored using a plurality of meters, the monitored energy usage data for a first portion of the households including a first type of energy usage and a second type of energy usage and the monitored energy usage data for a second portion of the households including the first type of energy usage, wherein the monitored energy usage data is associated with the households and users, and meters for at least some of the second portion of households are configured to monitor the first type of energy usage and are not configured to monitor the second type of energy usage; receive a data set that comprises estimated energy usage for households over a plurality of geographic regions, the estimated energy usage for households across at least a portion of the geographic regions including the first type of energy usage and the second type of energy usage; combine the monitored energy usage data and the data set using a mapping, wherein the mapping comprises location mappings between location information for the households comprising monitored energy usage and the geographic regions from the data set, wherein the monitored energy usage is combined with the data set using the mapping by:
mapping each of the households with monitored energy usage data to one or more of the geographic regions of the data set using the location information for the households and geographic boundaries for the geographic regions; and
deriving the second type of energy usage for a subset of the second portion of households based on the estimated second type of energy usage for households across the mapped geographic region from the data set,
target users with user profiles that meet a targeting criteria based on the combined monitored energy usage data and the data set, wherein at least a portion of users are targeted based on the derived second type of energy usage for the subset of households; and execute a messaging campaign that transmits messages to the targeted users. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the determination that the user profiles meet the targeting criteria is based on the location mapping between the monitored energy usage and the data set. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the location information for the households comprises a physical location of the households and the location mapping associates a physical location of the households with the geographic regions from the data set. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein monitored energy usage for the second portion of households comprises gaps for the second type of energy usage. 7. (canceled) 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the first type of energy usage is electrical energy usage and the second type of energy usage is gas energy usage or fuel energy usage. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein users with user profiles that meet the targeting criteria are targeted based on an income that meets an income criteria. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein executing the messaging campaign comprises one or more of transmitting electronic messages to user wireless devices, transmitting physical messages to user households, and transmitting emails to user email addresses. 11. A method for generating machine learning predictions for database migrations, the method comprising:
receiving energy usage data for households monitored using a plurality of meters, the monitored energy usage data for a first portion of the households including a first type of energy usage and a second type of energy usage and the monitored energy usage data for a second portion of the households including the first type of energy usage, wherein the monitored energy usage data is associated with the households and users, and meters for at least some of the second portion of households are configured to monitor the first type of energy usage and are not configured to monitor the second type of energy usage; receiving a data set that comprises estimated energy usage for households over a plurality of geographic regions, the estimated energy usage for households across at least a portion of the geographic regions including the first type of energy usage and the second type of energy usage; combining, using a processor, the monitored energy usage data and the data set using a mapping, wherein the mapping comprises location mappings between location information for the households comprising monitored energy usage and the geographic regions from the data set, wherein the monitored energy usage is combined with the data set using the mapping by:
mapping each of the households with monitored energy usage data to one or more of the geographic regions of the data set using the location information for the households and geographic boundaries for the geographic regions; and
deriving the second type of energy usage for a subset of the second portion of households based on the estimated second type of energy usage for households across the mapped geographic region from the data set;
targeting, using the processor, users with user profiles that meet a targeting criteria based on the combined monitored energy usage data and the data set, wherein at least a portion of users are targeted based on the derived second type of energy usage for the subset of households; and executing a messaging campaign that transmits messages to the targeted users. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the determination that the user profiles meet the targeting criteria is based on the location mapping between the monitored energy usage and the data set. 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the location information for the households comprises a physical location of the households and the location mapping associates a physical location of the households with the geographic regions from the data set. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein monitored energy usage for the second portion of households comprises gaps for the second type of energy usage. 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the first type of energy usage is electrical energy usage and the second type of energy usage is gas energy usage or fuel energy usage. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein executing the messaging campaign comprises one or more of transmitting electronic messages to user wireless devices, transmitting physical messages to user households, and transmitting emails to user email addresses. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to target users based on energy usage and profile, wherein, when executed, the instructions cause the processor to:
receive energy usage data for households monitored using a plurality of meters, the monitored energy usage data for a first portion of the households including a first type of energy usage and a second type of energy usage and the monitored energy usage data for a second portion of the households including the first type of energy usage, wherein the monitored energy usage data is associated with the households and users, and meters for at least some of the second portion of households are configured to monitor the first type of energy usage and are not configured to monitor the second type of energy usage; receive a data set that comprises estimated energy usage for households over a plurality of geographic regions, the estimated energy usage for households across at least a portion of the geographic regions including the first type of energy usage and the second type of energy usage; combine the monitored energy usage data and the data set using a mapping, wherein the mapping comprises location mappings between location information for the households comprising monitored energy usage and the geographic regions from the data set, wherein the monitored energy usage is combined with the data set using the mapping by:
mapping each of the households with monitored energy usage data to one or more of the geographic regions of the data set using the location information for the households and geographic boundaries for the geographic regions; and
deriving the second type of energy usage for a subset of the second portion of households based on the estimated second type of energy usage for households across the mapped geographic region from the data set;
target users with user profiles that meet a targeting criteria based on the combined monitored energy usage data and the data set, wherein at least a portion of users are targeted based on the derived second type of energy usage for the subset of households; and execute a messaging campaign that transmits messages to the targeted users. 21-22. (canceled) 23. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the households comprises a predetermined fuel type, and the second type of energy usage for the subset of households is derived based on the predetermined fuel type for each of the subset of households. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the predetermined fuel types comprise electric only, unknown, and one or more of electric plus gas and electric plus fuel. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein, for each of the subset of households that comprise an unknown fuel type:
segmenting the subset of households into a plurality of assigned buckets based on characteristics of the households and characteristics of users associated with the households; and determining a fuel type for each of the subset of households that comprise an unknown fuel type by matching the household characteristics and user characteristics of the assigned bucket to households across the mapped geographic region within the data set, and deriving a fuel type based on one or more known fuel types for the matching households. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the second type of energy usage for the subset of households that comprise an unknown fuel type is derived based on the estimated second type of energy usage for households across the mapped geographic region that comprise the determined fuel type. | 2,400 |
348,997 | 16,806,545 | 1,663 | A Zinnia plant designated SAKZIN020 is disclosed. Embodiments include seeds of Zinnia SAKZIN020, plants of Zinnia SAKZIN020, to plant parts of Zinnia SAKZIN020, and methods for producing a Zinnia plant produced by crossing Zinnia SAKZIN020 with itself or with another Zinnia line. Embodiments include methods for producing a Zinnia plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and transgenic Zinnia plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to Zinnia lines, breeding varieties, plant parts, and cells derived from Zinnia SAKZIN020, methods for producing other Zinnia lines or plant parts derived from Zinnia SAKZIN020, and the Zinnia plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid Zinnia seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing Zinnia SAKZIN020 with another Zinnia line. | 1. A seed of Zinnia line SAKZIN020, wherein a representative sample of seed of said Zinnia line was deposited under NCIMB No. 43585. 2. A plant, or a plant part thereof produced by growing the seed of claim 1, wherein the plant or plant part comprises at least one cell of Zinnia line SAKZIN020. 3. A Zinnia plant, or a part thereof, having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the plant of claim 2. 4. A tissue or cell culture of regenerable cells produced from the plant of claim 1. 5. The tissue or cell culture of claim 4, comprising tissues or cells from a plant part selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, cotyledons, hypocotyl, meristematic cells, roots, root tips, pistils, anthers, flowers, and stems. 6. A Zinnia plant regenerated from the tissue or cell culture of claim 5, wherein said plant has all of the morphological and physiological characteristics of Zinnia SAKZIN020 listed in Table 1. 7. A method of producing a hybrid Zinnia seed, wherein the method comprises crossing a plant of Zinnia SAKZIN020, a representative sample of seed of said Zinnia line was deposited under NCIMB No. 43585, with another SAKZIN020 plant or a different zinnia plant and harvesting the resultant Zinnia seed. 8. An F1 Zinnia seed produced by the method of claim 7. 9. An F1 Zinnia plant, or a part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 8, wherein said part is leaves, pollen, embryos, cotyledons, hypocotyl, meristematic cells, roots, root tips, pistils, anthers, flowers, and stems. 10. A plant of Zinnia line SAKZIN020, wherein a representative sample of seed of said Zinnia line was deposited under NCIMB No. 43585. 11. A method of vegetatively propagating the plant of claim 10, comprising the steps of:
collecting tissue or cells capable of being propagated from said plant; cultivating said tissue or cells to obtain proliferated shoots; and rooting said proliferated shoots to obtain rooted plantlets; or cultivating said tissue or cells to obtain proliferated shoots, or to obtain plantlets. 12. A Zinnia plant produced by growing the plantlets or proliferated shoots of claim 11. 13. A method for producing an embryo or seed, wherein the method comprises crossing the plant of claim 10 with another plant and harvesting the resultant embryo or seed. 14. A method of determining the genotype of the Zinnia plant of claim 10, wherein said method comprises obtaining a sample of nucleic acids from said plant and detecting in said nucleic acids a plurality of polymorphisms. 15. A method of producing a Zinnia plant resistant to the group consisting of herbicides, insecticides, and disease, wherein the method comprises transforming the Zinnia plant of claim 10 with a transgene, and wherein said transgene confers resistance to an herbicide, insecticide, or disease. 16. An herbicide, insecticide, or disease resistant plant produced by the method of claim 15. 17. A method for developing a Zinnia plant in a plant breeding program, comprising applying plant breeding techniques comprising crossing, recurrent selection, mutation breeding, wherein said mutation breeding selects for a mutation that is spontaneously or naturally induced or artificially induced, backcrossing, pedigree breeding, marker enhanced selection, haploid/double haploid production, or transformation to the Zinnia plant of claim 10, or its parts, wherein application of said techniques results in development of a Zinnia plant. 18. A method of introducing a mutation into the genome of Zinnia plant SAKZIN020, said method comprising mutagenesis of the plant, or plant part thereof, of claim 10, wherein said mutagenesis is selected from the group consisting of temperature, long-term seed storage, tissue culture conditions, ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, or targeting induced local lesions in genomes, and wherein the resulting plant comprises at least one genome mutation. 19. A method of editing the genome of Zinnia plant SAKZIN020, said method comprising mutagenesis of the plant, or plant part thereof, of claim 10, wherein said method is selected from the group comprising zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), engineered homing endonucleases/meganucleases, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein9 (Cas9) system. 20. A Zinnia plant produced by the method of claim 19. 21. A Zinnia seed produced by growing the plant of claim 10. 22. A method of producing a Zinnia plant, or part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 21. 23. A method for producing an embryo or seed, wherein the method comprises crossing the plant of claim 10 with another plant and harvesting the resultant embryo or seed 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising producing a plant, or a part thereof, from the resultant embryo or seed | A Zinnia plant designated SAKZIN020 is disclosed. Embodiments include seeds of Zinnia SAKZIN020, plants of Zinnia SAKZIN020, to plant parts of Zinnia SAKZIN020, and methods for producing a Zinnia plant produced by crossing Zinnia SAKZIN020 with itself or with another Zinnia line. Embodiments include methods for producing a Zinnia plant containing in its genetic material one or more genes or transgenes and transgenic Zinnia plants and plant parts produced by those methods. Embodiments also relate to Zinnia lines, breeding varieties, plant parts, and cells derived from Zinnia SAKZIN020, methods for producing other Zinnia lines or plant parts derived from Zinnia SAKZIN020, and the Zinnia plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. Embodiments further include hybrid Zinnia seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing Zinnia SAKZIN020 with another Zinnia line.1. A seed of Zinnia line SAKZIN020, wherein a representative sample of seed of said Zinnia line was deposited under NCIMB No. 43585. 2. A plant, or a plant part thereof produced by growing the seed of claim 1, wherein the plant or plant part comprises at least one cell of Zinnia line SAKZIN020. 3. A Zinnia plant, or a part thereof, having all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the plant of claim 2. 4. A tissue or cell culture of regenerable cells produced from the plant of claim 1. 5. The tissue or cell culture of claim 4, comprising tissues or cells from a plant part selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, cotyledons, hypocotyl, meristematic cells, roots, root tips, pistils, anthers, flowers, and stems. 6. A Zinnia plant regenerated from the tissue or cell culture of claim 5, wherein said plant has all of the morphological and physiological characteristics of Zinnia SAKZIN020 listed in Table 1. 7. A method of producing a hybrid Zinnia seed, wherein the method comprises crossing a plant of Zinnia SAKZIN020, a representative sample of seed of said Zinnia line was deposited under NCIMB No. 43585, with another SAKZIN020 plant or a different zinnia plant and harvesting the resultant Zinnia seed. 8. An F1 Zinnia seed produced by the method of claim 7. 9. An F1 Zinnia plant, or a part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 8, wherein said part is leaves, pollen, embryos, cotyledons, hypocotyl, meristematic cells, roots, root tips, pistils, anthers, flowers, and stems. 10. A plant of Zinnia line SAKZIN020, wherein a representative sample of seed of said Zinnia line was deposited under NCIMB No. 43585. 11. A method of vegetatively propagating the plant of claim 10, comprising the steps of:
collecting tissue or cells capable of being propagated from said plant; cultivating said tissue or cells to obtain proliferated shoots; and rooting said proliferated shoots to obtain rooted plantlets; or cultivating said tissue or cells to obtain proliferated shoots, or to obtain plantlets. 12. A Zinnia plant produced by growing the plantlets or proliferated shoots of claim 11. 13. A method for producing an embryo or seed, wherein the method comprises crossing the plant of claim 10 with another plant and harvesting the resultant embryo or seed. 14. A method of determining the genotype of the Zinnia plant of claim 10, wherein said method comprises obtaining a sample of nucleic acids from said plant and detecting in said nucleic acids a plurality of polymorphisms. 15. A method of producing a Zinnia plant resistant to the group consisting of herbicides, insecticides, and disease, wherein the method comprises transforming the Zinnia plant of claim 10 with a transgene, and wherein said transgene confers resistance to an herbicide, insecticide, or disease. 16. An herbicide, insecticide, or disease resistant plant produced by the method of claim 15. 17. A method for developing a Zinnia plant in a plant breeding program, comprising applying plant breeding techniques comprising crossing, recurrent selection, mutation breeding, wherein said mutation breeding selects for a mutation that is spontaneously or naturally induced or artificially induced, backcrossing, pedigree breeding, marker enhanced selection, haploid/double haploid production, or transformation to the Zinnia plant of claim 10, or its parts, wherein application of said techniques results in development of a Zinnia plant. 18. A method of introducing a mutation into the genome of Zinnia plant SAKZIN020, said method comprising mutagenesis of the plant, or plant part thereof, of claim 10, wherein said mutagenesis is selected from the group consisting of temperature, long-term seed storage, tissue culture conditions, ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, or targeting induced local lesions in genomes, and wherein the resulting plant comprises at least one genome mutation. 19. A method of editing the genome of Zinnia plant SAKZIN020, said method comprising mutagenesis of the plant, or plant part thereof, of claim 10, wherein said method is selected from the group comprising zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), engineered homing endonucleases/meganucleases, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein9 (Cas9) system. 20. A Zinnia plant produced by the method of claim 19. 21. A Zinnia seed produced by growing the plant of claim 10. 22. A method of producing a Zinnia plant, or part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 21. 23. A method for producing an embryo or seed, wherein the method comprises crossing the plant of claim 10 with another plant and harvesting the resultant embryo or seed 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising producing a plant, or a part thereof, from the resultant embryo or seed | 1,600 |
348,998 | 16,806,452 | 1,663 | A disclosure of the present specification provides a method for transmitting data by a transmitter. The method may comprise the steps of: when a transport block (TB) is divided into n data blocks, adding additional information after each of the n data blocks; and adding a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) after the last additional information. Here, the CRC may be generated on the basis of the n data blocks, and the n pieces of additional information added after each of data blocks. | 1. An encoding device comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising: generating, based on data, an information sequence which is input to a polar code; and performing channel-encoding for the information sequence based on the polar code, wherein the information sequence includes data blocks 0 to N−1 related to the data and parity blocks 0 to N−1 in the order of data block 0, parity block 0, data block 1, parity block 1, . . . , data block N−1, parity block N−1, where N is an integer larger than 1, and wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is generated based on bits included in data blocks 0 to n−1 and bits included in data block n only, among the data blocks 0 to N−1. 2. The encoding device according to claim 1,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes at least one cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit. 3. The encoding device according to claim 1,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is a single parity bit. 4. The encoding device according to claim 3,
wherein the information sequence further includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block at an end of the information sequence. 5. The encoding according to claim 1,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes no parity bit which is generated based on parity blocks 0 to n−1, parity blocks n+1 to N−1, and data blocks n+1 to N−1. 6. A computer readable storage medium storing at least one computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for an encoding device, the operations comprising:
generating, based on data, an information sequence which is input to a polar code; and performing channel-encoding for the information sequence based on the polar code, wherein the information sequence includes data blocks 0 to N−1 related to the data and parity blocks 0 to N−1 in the order of data block 0, parity block 0, data block 1, parity block 1, . . . , data block N−1, parity block N−1, where N is an integer larger than 1, and wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is generated based on bits included in data blocks 0 to n−1 and bits included in data block n only, among the data blocks 0 to N−1. 7. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 6,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes at least one cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit. 8. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 6,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is a single parity bit. 9. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 8,
wherein the information sequence further includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block at an end of the information sequence. 10. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 6,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes no parity bit which is generated based on parity blocks 0 to n−1, parity blocks n+1 to N−1, and data blocks n+1 to N−1. 11. A decoding device comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising: receiving an encoded information sequence related to data; and performing decoding on the encoded information sequence based on a polar code to obtain an information sequence, wherein the information sequence includes data blocks 0 to N−1 related to the data and parity blocks 0 to N−1 in the order of data block 0, parity block 0, data block 1, parity block 1, . . . , data block N−1, parity block N−1, where N is an integer larger than 1, and wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is related to bits included in data blocks 0 to n−1 and bits included in data block n only, among the data blocks 0 to N−1. 12. The decoding device according to claim 11, comprising:
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes at least one cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit. 13. The decoding device according to claim 11,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is a single parity bit. 14. The decoding device according to claim 13,
wherein the information sequence further includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block at an end of the information sequence. 15. The decoding device according to claim 11,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes no parity bit which is related to parity blocks 0 to n−1, parity blocks n+1 to N−1, and data blocks n+1 to N−1. 16. A computer readable storage medium storing at least one computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a decoding device, the operations comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising: receiving an encoded information sequence related to data; and performing decoding on the encoded information sequence based on a polar code to obtain an information sequence, wherein the information sequence includes data blocks 0 to N−1 related to the data and parity blocks 0 to N−1 in the order of data block 0, parity block 0, data block 1, parity block 1, . . . , data block N−1, parity block N−1, where N is an integer larger than 1, and wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is related to bits included in data blocks 0 to n−1 and bits included in data block n only, among the data blocks 0 to N−1. 17. The decoding device according to claim 16, comprising:
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes at least one cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit. 18. The decoding device according to claim 16,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is a single parity bit. 19. The decoding device according to claim 18,
wherein the information sequence further includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block at an end of the information sequence. 20. The decoding device according to claim 16,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes no parity bit which is related to parity blocks 0 to n−1, parity blocks n+1 to N−1, and data blocks n+1 to N−1. | A disclosure of the present specification provides a method for transmitting data by a transmitter. The method may comprise the steps of: when a transport block (TB) is divided into n data blocks, adding additional information after each of the n data blocks; and adding a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) after the last additional information. Here, the CRC may be generated on the basis of the n data blocks, and the n pieces of additional information added after each of data blocks.1. An encoding device comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising: generating, based on data, an information sequence which is input to a polar code; and performing channel-encoding for the information sequence based on the polar code, wherein the information sequence includes data blocks 0 to N−1 related to the data and parity blocks 0 to N−1 in the order of data block 0, parity block 0, data block 1, parity block 1, . . . , data block N−1, parity block N−1, where N is an integer larger than 1, and wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is generated based on bits included in data blocks 0 to n−1 and bits included in data block n only, among the data blocks 0 to N−1. 2. The encoding device according to claim 1,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes at least one cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit. 3. The encoding device according to claim 1,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is a single parity bit. 4. The encoding device according to claim 3,
wherein the information sequence further includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block at an end of the information sequence. 5. The encoding according to claim 1,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes no parity bit which is generated based on parity blocks 0 to n−1, parity blocks n+1 to N−1, and data blocks n+1 to N−1. 6. A computer readable storage medium storing at least one computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for an encoding device, the operations comprising:
generating, based on data, an information sequence which is input to a polar code; and performing channel-encoding for the information sequence based on the polar code, wherein the information sequence includes data blocks 0 to N−1 related to the data and parity blocks 0 to N−1 in the order of data block 0, parity block 0, data block 1, parity block 1, . . . , data block N−1, parity block N−1, where N is an integer larger than 1, and wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is generated based on bits included in data blocks 0 to n−1 and bits included in data block n only, among the data blocks 0 to N−1. 7. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 6,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes at least one cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit. 8. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 6,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is a single parity bit. 9. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 8,
wherein the information sequence further includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block at an end of the information sequence. 10. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 6,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes no parity bit which is generated based on parity blocks 0 to n−1, parity blocks n+1 to N−1, and data blocks n+1 to N−1. 11. A decoding device comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising: receiving an encoded information sequence related to data; and performing decoding on the encoded information sequence based on a polar code to obtain an information sequence, wherein the information sequence includes data blocks 0 to N−1 related to the data and parity blocks 0 to N−1 in the order of data block 0, parity block 0, data block 1, parity block 1, . . . , data block N−1, parity block N−1, where N is an integer larger than 1, and wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is related to bits included in data blocks 0 to n−1 and bits included in data block n only, among the data blocks 0 to N−1. 12. The decoding device according to claim 11, comprising:
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes at least one cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit. 13. The decoding device according to claim 11,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is a single parity bit. 14. The decoding device according to claim 13,
wherein the information sequence further includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block at an end of the information sequence. 15. The decoding device according to claim 11,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes no parity bit which is related to parity blocks 0 to n−1, parity blocks n+1 to N−1, and data blocks n+1 to N−1. 16. A computer readable storage medium storing at least one computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a decoding device, the operations comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising: receiving an encoded information sequence related to data; and performing decoding on the encoded information sequence based on a polar code to obtain an information sequence, wherein the information sequence includes data blocks 0 to N−1 related to the data and parity blocks 0 to N−1 in the order of data block 0, parity block 0, data block 1, parity block 1, . . . , data block N−1, parity block N−1, where N is an integer larger than 1, and wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is related to bits included in data blocks 0 to n−1 and bits included in data block n only, among the data blocks 0 to N−1. 17. The decoding device according to claim 16, comprising:
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes at least one cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit. 18. The decoding device according to claim 16,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 is a single parity bit. 19. The decoding device according to claim 18,
wherein the information sequence further includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block at an end of the information sequence. 20. The decoding device according to claim 16,
wherein each parity block n of the parity blocks 0 to N−1 includes no parity bit which is related to parity blocks 0 to n−1, parity blocks n+1 to N−1, and data blocks n+1 to N−1. | 1,600 |
348,999 | 16,806,577 | 1,634 | The application is related to novel signature sequences for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples with 100% specificity and a very high degree of sensitivity. | 1: A method of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a clinical sample, said method comprising the steps of:
a) removal of contaminants from the clinical sample to generate a contaminant-free clinical sample; b) extraction of genomic DNA from the contaminant-free clinical sample; c) designing a set of specific oligonucleotide primers capable of specifically detecting SEQ ID NO: 2 for use in RT-PCR; d) performing PCR with the oligonucleotide primers of step c) on the genomic DNA of step b) to produce a PCR product; and e) analyzing the PCR product obtained in step d) by electrophoresis or a specific probe nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2. 2: The method of claim 1, wherein the set of oligonucleotide primers are selected from: 3: The method of claim 1, wherein the clinical sample is isolated from individuals vaccinated against tuberculosis. 4: The method of claim 1, wherein the clinical sample is isolated from individuals treated against tuberculosis. | The application is related to novel signature sequences for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples with 100% specificity and a very high degree of sensitivity.1: A method of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a clinical sample, said method comprising the steps of:
a) removal of contaminants from the clinical sample to generate a contaminant-free clinical sample; b) extraction of genomic DNA from the contaminant-free clinical sample; c) designing a set of specific oligonucleotide primers capable of specifically detecting SEQ ID NO: 2 for use in RT-PCR; d) performing PCR with the oligonucleotide primers of step c) on the genomic DNA of step b) to produce a PCR product; and e) analyzing the PCR product obtained in step d) by electrophoresis or a specific probe nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2. 2: The method of claim 1, wherein the set of oligonucleotide primers are selected from: 3: The method of claim 1, wherein the clinical sample is isolated from individuals vaccinated against tuberculosis. 4: The method of claim 1, wherein the clinical sample is isolated from individuals treated against tuberculosis. | 1,600 |
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